cPDl3vCnLw8-00000-00000016-00000282 so cute
cPDl3vCnLw8-00001-00000283-00000734 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00002-00000735-00000935 ciao friends about the thimble hooks
cPDl3vCnLw8-00003-00000936-00001079 today's project
cPDl3vCnLw8-00004-00001080-00001343 is a little wine bottle cozy that i came
cPDl3vCnLw8-00005-00001344-00001399 up with
cPDl3vCnLw8-00006-00001400-00001566 since people are starting to get out and
cPDl3vCnLw8-00007-00001567-00001807 about again it's almost wedding season
cPDl3vCnLw8-00008-00001807-00002014 you might get to go visit a friend or
cPDl3vCnLw8-00009-00002016-00002151 some family members that you haven't
cPDl3vCnLw8-00010-00002152-00002239 seen in a while
cPDl3vCnLw8-00011-00002240-00002471 bring a bottle of wine and you can put
cPDl3vCnLw8-00012-00002472-00002679 this little cozy over the top of it
cPDl3vCnLw8-00013-00002680-00002847 it's like a little gift bag and it's
cPDl3vCnLw8-00014-00002848-00003055 really fast it's almost a stash buster
cPDl3vCnLw8-00015-00003056-00003215 as what i would have to say
cPDl3vCnLw8-00016-00003215-00003535 so what i made this one out of what is
cPDl3vCnLw8-00017-00003536-00003703 this one euro baby
cPDl3vCnLw8-00018-00003704-00003886 babe jazz and this one is called fun
cPDl3vCnLw8-00019-00003887-00004063 house which is a super fun
cPDl3vCnLw8-00020-00004064-00004279 just a whole bunch of fun colors i'm
cPDl3vCnLw8-00021-00004280-00004422 going to make the one today
cPDl3vCnLw8-00022-00004423-00004791 out of sugar wheel cotton solids this is
cPDl3vCnLw8-00023-00004792-00004927 100 cotton
cPDl3vCnLw8-00024-00004928-00005118 yarn b from hobby lobby and it's a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00025-00005119-00005343 really bright white so be very elegant
cPDl3vCnLw8-00026-00005344-00005535 so we can see what the difference is
cPDl3vCnLw8-00027-00005536-00005711 between one that's kind of whimsical
cPDl3vCnLw8-00028-00005712-00006022 and one that looks very fancy 100 cotton
cPDl3vCnLw8-00029-00006023-00006286 it's a three weight it's a lightweight
cPDl3vCnLw8-00030-00006287-00006367 and it's
cPDl3vCnLw8-00031-00006368-00006534 just a four and a half for crocheting
cPDl3vCnLw8-00032-00006536-00006719 but i'm going to use a four today so i
cPDl3vCnLw8-00033-00006720-00006878 get some nice tight stitches
cPDl3vCnLw8-00034-00006879-00007014 because the cotton ends up being a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00035-00007015-00007303 little bit stretchy as you can see here
cPDl3vCnLw8-00036-00007304-00007583 which is helpful to make sure that
cPDl3vCnLw8-00037-00007584-00007774 everything fits properly even if you
cPDl3vCnLw8-00038-00007775-00007903 don't know which bottle you're going to
cPDl3vCnLw8-00039-00007904-00007942 buy
cPDl3vCnLw8-00040-00007943-00008159 you're probably going to be able to get
cPDl3vCnLw8-00041-00008159-00008319 probably going to be able to make it fit
cPDl3vCnLw8-00042-00008320-00008527 so i'm going to use my furrows ebony
cPDl3vCnLw8-00043-00008528-00008767 hook which is one of my favorite hooks
cPDl3vCnLw8-00044-00008768-00008895 we're gonna start out with a magic
cPDl3vCnLw8-00045-00008896-00009087 circle
cPDl3vCnLw8-00046-00009088-00009391 so turn spin spin spin
cPDl3vCnLw8-00047-00009392-00009614 pull twist pull if you're not familiar
cPDl3vCnLw8-00048-00009615-00009806 with the magic circle i have a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00049-00009807-00010127 very fast tutorial on my channel you can
cPDl3vCnLw8-00050-00010128-00010191 go and
cPDl3vCnLw8-00051-00010192-00010399 check that out only takes a couple of
cPDl3vCnLw8-00052-00010400-00010599 minutes and i promise it'll be easy
cPDl3vCnLw8-00053-00010600-00010742 peasy
cPDl3vCnLw8-00054-00010743-00010878 all right so here we are we have our
cPDl3vCnLw8-00055-00010879-00011095 magic circle i'm gonna do eight
cPDl3vCnLw8-00056-00011096-00011431 single crochets in our magic circle
cPDl3vCnLw8-00057-00011432-00011703 i'm going to mark the first one because
cPDl3vCnLw8-00058-00011704-00012006 you know how i love my stitch markers
cPDl3vCnLw8-00059-00012007-00012255 i am a stitch marker person so there's
cPDl3vCnLw8-00060-00012256-00012574 one we want eight total so here's two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00061-00012575-00012927 and eight
cPDl3vCnLw8-00062-00012928-00013183 there's eight in our magic circle we can
cPDl3vCnLw8-00063-00013184-00013327 pull
cPDl3vCnLw8-00064-00013328-00013551 our magic ring magic ring magic circle
cPDl3vCnLw8-00065-00013552-00013751 whatever you want to call it
cPDl3vCnLw8-00066-00013752-00014007 we're gonna pull in tight now this we're
cPDl3vCnLw8-00067-00014008-00014166 working from the bottom up so right now
cPDl3vCnLw8-00068-00014168-00014247 we're working
cPDl3vCnLw8-00069-00014247-00014638 on this part we're working on the bottom
cPDl3vCnLw8-00070-00014640-00014775 and we're working all the way up to the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00071-00014776-00015143 top so there's our eight
cPDl3vCnLw8-00072-00015144-00015486 round one click round two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00073-00015487-00015766 we want to increase so we're going to do
cPDl3vCnLw8-00074-00015768-00016063 two single crochets in every stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00075-00016063-00016375 we'll be increasing up from eight to
cPDl3vCnLw8-00076-00016376-00017183 sixteen so two stitches in everything
cPDl3vCnLw8-00077-00017184-00017535 and i'm going to move my stitch marker
cPDl3vCnLw8-00078-00017536-00017871 and i don't have to count
cPDl3vCnLw8-00079-00017872-00018047 there's the first one we want to do two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00080-00018048-00018239 in every one i'll meet you back at my
cPDl3vCnLw8-00081-00018240-00018430 stitch marker
cPDl3vCnLw8-00082-00018431-00018750 there's my last two 15
cPDl3vCnLw8-00083-00018751-00019263 and 16. there's round two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00084-00019264-00019519 click round two we're working in the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00085-00019520-00019614 round here we're not going to slip
cPDl3vCnLw8-00086-00019615-00019719 stitch or anything we're just going to
cPDl3vCnLw8-00087-00019720-00019863 keep right on going
cPDl3vCnLw8-00088-00019864-00020127 round three is another increase we're
cPDl3vCnLw8-00089-00020128-00020358 going to increase from 16 to 24
cPDl3vCnLw8-00090-00020359-00020583 so that's a single crochet in the first
cPDl3vCnLw8-00091-00020584-00020686 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00092-00020687-00020886 and the next stitch gets two single
cPDl3vCnLw8-00093-00020887-00021078 crochets and that's your sequins all the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00094-00021079-00021455 way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00095-00021456-00021814 one and two in the next stitch all the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00096-00021815-00021878 way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00097-00021879-00022135 reach at the stitch marker and there's
cPDl3vCnLw8-00098-00022136-00022278 my last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00099-00022279-00022503 grouping there's a single and two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00100-00022504-00022599 singles in the last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00101-00022600-00023199 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00102-00023200-00023678 and there is the end of round three
cPDl3vCnLw8-00103-00023679-00023919 clip so round three we've just increased
cPDl3vCnLw8-00104-00023920-00024086 up to 24.
cPDl3vCnLw8-00105-00024087-00024247 round four is now going to be another
cPDl3vCnLw8-00106-00024248-00024414 increase to 32
cPDl3vCnLw8-00107-00024415-00024599 so in our first stitch we want two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00108-00024600-00024799 single crochets
cPDl3vCnLw8-00109-00024800-00025078 in the first stitch now i'm going to
cPDl3vCnLw8-00110-00025079-00025214 move
cPDl3vCnLw8-00111-00025215-00025447 my stitch marker back to the first
cPDl3vCnLw8-00112-00025448-00025702 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00113-00025704-00025911 again that was two in the first stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00114-00025912-00026046 and one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00115-00026047-00026270 in each of the next two and that's the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00116-00026272-00026495 sequence all around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00117-00026495-00026655 and there's my last sequence there's an
cPDl3vCnLw8-00118-00026656-00026831 increase just two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00119-00026832-00027070 single crochets in the same stitch and
cPDl3vCnLw8-00120-00027072-00027239 our last two stitches
cPDl3vCnLw8-00121-00027239-00027735 are just both one single crochet each
cPDl3vCnLw8-00122-00027736-00027967 so there is the end of round four we've
cPDl3vCnLw8-00123-00027968-00028102 just increased from 24
cPDl3vCnLw8-00124-00028104-00028495 to 32 one more increase
cPDl3vCnLw8-00125-00028495-00028662 all right so round five the first stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00126-00028663-00028943 is a single crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00127-00028944-00029255 and so it's the second and the third
cPDl3vCnLw8-00128-00029256-00029567 now we do our increase of two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00129-00029568-00029887 single crochets in the same stitch and
cPDl3vCnLw8-00130-00029888-00030039 that's our sequence
cPDl3vCnLw8-00131-00030039-00030318 three single crochets and then two in
cPDl3vCnLw8-00132-00030319-00030414 the same stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00133-00030416-00030751 all the way around and here's my last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00134-00030752-00030855 sequence
cPDl3vCnLw8-00135-00030856-00031079 and there's my last increase very last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00136-00031080-00031311 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00137-00031312-00031662 there we go
cPDl3vCnLw8-00138-00031663-00032055 that was round five and we've increased
cPDl3vCnLw8-00139-00032056-00032262 from 32 up to 40
cPDl3vCnLw8-00140-00032263-00032551 and that's how much i did down here
cPDl3vCnLw8-00141-00032552-00032670 because we're going to stretch a little
cPDl3vCnLw8-00142-00032672-00032815 bit
cPDl3vCnLw8-00143-00032816-00032999 especially if you're using cotton it
cPDl3vCnLw8-00144-00033000-00033271 will stretch a little bit
cPDl3vCnLw8-00145-00033272-00033471 and it will be all good it's okay if
cPDl3vCnLw8-00146-00033472-00033655 it's a little snug and it's okay if it's
cPDl3vCnLw8-00147-00033656-00033751 a little loose
cPDl3vCnLw8-00148-00033752-00033879 because this will hold everything in
cPDl3vCnLw8-00149-00033880-00034102 place we'll be there in a little bit
cPDl3vCnLw8-00150-00034103-00034551 now we'll start working up in the round
cPDl3vCnLw8-00151-00034552-00034862 so for round six
cPDl3vCnLw8-00152-00034863-00035046 we're going to do a single crochet in
cPDl3vCnLw8-00153-00035047-00035199 the back loop only
cPDl3vCnLw8-00154-00035200-00035431 all the way around so again right here
cPDl3vCnLw8-00155-00035432-00035567 back loop only
cPDl3vCnLw8-00156-00035568-00035774 so going through that back loop pull
cPDl3vCnLw8-00157-00035775-00035999 through and pull through
cPDl3vCnLw8-00158-00036000-00036215 all the way around 40 stitches easy
cPDl3vCnLw8-00159-00036216-00036551 peasy this is amazingly simple
cPDl3vCnLw8-00160-00036552-00036815 for a beginner there's not a lot of
cPDl3vCnLw8-00161-00036816-00037065 tricky stitches
cPDl3vCnLw8-00162-00037066-00037190 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00163-00037191-00037455 so there we go back loop only all the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00164-00037456-00037574 way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00165-00037575-00038062 back to the stitch marker 39
cPDl3vCnLw8-00166-00038063-00038399 and my last back loop only and that was
cPDl3vCnLw8-00167-00038400-00038518 round six
cPDl3vCnLw8-00168-00038519-00038767 click and you can see there's a little
cPDl3vCnLw8-00169-00038768-00039023 bit of a ridge here it's gonna help
cPDl3vCnLw8-00170-00039024-00039207 take this corner a little bit better
cPDl3vCnLw8-00171-00039208-00039446 just a little bit all right so now we're
cPDl3vCnLw8-00172-00039447-00039607 going to start working up
cPDl3vCnLw8-00173-00039608-00039927 i'm going to do the next round actually
cPDl3vCnLw8-00174-00039928-00040015 the next
cPDl3vCnLw8-00175-00040016-00040311 five rounds but this next round i'm
cPDl3vCnLw8-00176-00040312-00040495 gonna be through both loops like normal
cPDl3vCnLw8-00177-00040496-00040655 no back loop this time
cPDl3vCnLw8-00178-00040656-00040846 we're going to do suzet which everybody
cPDl3vCnLw8-00179-00040847-00041046 knows that a suzette is my favorite
cPDl3vCnLw8-00180-00041047-00041783 so there's a single
cPDl3vCnLw8-00181-00041784-00041999 and mark my first stitch there it's a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00182-00042000-00042174 single and a double
cPDl3vCnLw8-00183-00042175-00042446 in the same stitch as a suicide stitch i
cPDl3vCnLw8-00184-00042447-00042558 just love that stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00185-00042559-00042911 it's so easy but it's just gives nice
cPDl3vCnLw8-00186-00042912-00043071 just a nice texture it's a cute little
cPDl3vCnLw8-00187-00043072-00043343 design and it's not overly complicated
cPDl3vCnLw8-00188-00043344-00043527 so a single and a double in the same
cPDl3vCnLw8-00189-00043528-00043855 stitch and then we skip the next stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00190-00043856-00044407 single double
cPDl3vCnLw8-00191-00044408-00044583 and a skip that's your sequence all the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00192-00044584-00044783 way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00193-00044784-00045207 single double
cPDl3vCnLw8-00194-00045208-00045583 and a skip all the way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00195-00045584-00045871 here's going to be my last suse that
cPDl3vCnLw8-00196-00045872-00045927 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00197-00045928-00046143 so just did this one a single double in
cPDl3vCnLw8-00198-00046144-00046439 the same stitch and then you skip
cPDl3vCnLw8-00199-00046440-00046799 this one and then we'll do a single
cPDl3vCnLw8-00200-00046800-00047118 and a double and you should have one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00201-00047119-00047207 stitch left
cPDl3vCnLw8-00202-00047208-00047439 because the sequence is a single double
cPDl3vCnLw8-00203-00047440-00047574 and a skip
cPDl3vCnLw8-00204-00047575-00047823 so there it's perfect that was round
cPDl3vCnLw8-00205-00047824-00047983 seven
cPDl3vCnLw8-00206-00047984-00048295 click and now seven eight
cPDl3vCnLw8-00207-00048296-00048527 nine ten and eleven so all the way
cPDl3vCnLw8-00208-00048528-00048623 through a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00209-00048624-00048951 round eleven the next five or
cPDl3vCnLw8-00210-00048952-00049190 the next four rounds five including this
cPDl3vCnLw8-00211-00049191-00049327 one we just did
cPDl3vCnLw8-00212-00049328-00049639 are all suzettes so just continue
cPDl3vCnLw8-00213-00049640-00049911 i'll meet you back at the stitch marker
cPDl3vCnLw8-00214-00049912-00050127 when we are done with our fifth
cPDl3vCnLw8-00215-00050128-00050479 round of suzette which is also
cPDl3vCnLw8-00216-00050480-00050879 the end of round 11. and here is my last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00217-00050880-00051238 suzette stitch in
cPDl3vCnLw8-00218-00051239-00051463 round 11 so there's a single and a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00219-00051464-00051549 double
cPDl3vCnLw8-00220-00051550-00051719 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00221-00051720-00052038 and then we skip this one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00222-00052039-00052230 and we're back at the beginning so see
cPDl3vCnLw8-00223-00052232-00052375 we have a little pouch going on
cPDl3vCnLw8-00224-00052376-00052647 we have this part down right here all
cPDl3vCnLw8-00225-00052648-00052791 right so in the next
cPDl3vCnLw8-00226-00052791-00053111 two rounds ours is going to be a double
cPDl3vCnLw8-00227-00053112-00053271 crochet mesh
cPDl3vCnLw8-00228-00053272-00053599 so we're right here i'm going to
cPDl3vCnLw8-00229-00053600-00053903 yarn over and skip this stitch and go
cPDl3vCnLw8-00230-00053904-00054126 right into my first stitch that's marked
cPDl3vCnLw8-00231-00054127-00054463 with a double crochet and then we'll
cPDl3vCnLw8-00232-00054464-00054654 mark him
cPDl3vCnLw8-00233-00054655-00054911 again so remember to skip that last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00234-00054912-00055023 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00235-00055024-00055311 that's going to be unworked and now
cPDl3vCnLw8-00236-00055312-00055535 we're in the one that was marked
cPDl3vCnLw8-00237-00055536-00056030 and then we do a chain one skip a stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00238-00056032-00056454 double crochet chain one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00239-00056455-00056863 skip double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00240-00056864-00057326 chain one skip double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00241-00057327-00057582 chain one all the way around and i'll
cPDl3vCnLw8-00242-00057583-00057815 make you back at my stitch marker
cPDl3vCnLw8-00243-00057816-00058415 this is round 12. and here's my last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00244-00058416-00058766 double crochet and a chain one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00245-00058767-00058950 and again we want to skip this very last
cPDl3vCnLw8-00246-00058951-00059159 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00247-00059160-00059326 because that's part of our sequence i'm
cPDl3vCnLw8-00248-00059327-00059535 going to go back into the same one again
cPDl3vCnLw8-00249-00059536-00059830 for the next round which is round 13
cPDl3vCnLw8-00250-00059832-00060282 yarn over double crochet into our mark
cPDl3vCnLw8-00251-00060283-00060638 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00252-00060639-00060847 we're going to do one more round of that
cPDl3vCnLw8-00253-00060848-00061142 little double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00254-00061144-00061494 chain one mesh easy peasy so i have to
cPDl3vCnLw8-00255-00061495-00061750 chain one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00256-00061751-00062054 and i will be do a double crochet into
cPDl3vCnLw8-00257-00062055-00062406 the top of the previous double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00258-00062407-00062615 not in the chain space i'm going to work
cPDl3vCnLw8-00259-00062616-00062711 in the top
cPDl3vCnLw8-00260-00062712-00063159 of our double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00261-00063160-00063511 all the way around and meet you back at
cPDl3vCnLw8-00262-00063512-00063726 the marker
cPDl3vCnLw8-00263-00063727-00064079 and now i've got my last double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00264-00064079-00064454 in round 13 and a chain one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00265-00064455-00064759 and now we're back so we did 12
cPDl3vCnLw8-00266-00064760-00064999 and that was red that was round number
cPDl3vCnLw8-00267-00065000-00065079 13
cPDl3vCnLw8-00268-00065079-00065406 boom for the next six rounds which is 14
cPDl3vCnLw8-00269-00065407-00065615 through 19
cPDl3vCnLw8-00270-00065616-00065943 that will be suzette's again
cPDl3vCnLw8-00271-00065944-00066271 so starting with just skip this chain
cPDl3vCnLw8-00272-00066272-00066438 or skip this mark right here because
cPDl3vCnLw8-00273-00066439-00066599 that's part of our sequence
cPDl3vCnLw8-00274-00066600-00066943 we're going to single crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00275-00066944-00067815 into our marked stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00276-00067816-00068063 and double crochet into our marked
cPDl3vCnLw8-00277-00068064-00068491 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00278-00068492-00068831 skip the chain space and work into the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00279-00068832-00069094 top
cPDl3vCnLw8-00280-00069095-00069591 of the double crochet with your susette
cPDl3vCnLw8-00281-00069592-00069911 skip
cPDl3vCnLw8-00282-00069912-00070479 single and a double all the way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00283-00070480-00070719 skip to chain space and remember it's
cPDl3vCnLw8-00284-00070720-00070799 the next
cPDl3vCnLw8-00285-00070800-00071391 six rounds this is round fourteen
cPDl3vCnLw8-00286-00071392-00071703 just keep suzetting all the way
cPDl3vCnLw8-00287-00071704-00071911 until you are done with six rounds of
cPDl3vCnLw8-00288-00071912-00072015 susette
cPDl3vCnLw8-00289-00072016-00072319 which would be the end of round 19. and
cPDl3vCnLw8-00290-00072320-00072575 i'll see you in just a second
cPDl3vCnLw8-00291-00072576-00072903 here is my last suzette stitch in
cPDl3vCnLw8-00292-00072904-00073238 round 19. there's a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00293-00073239-00073526 single and a double and a skip and we're
cPDl3vCnLw8-00294-00073527-00073694 going to work back into this stitch so
cPDl3vCnLw8-00295-00073695-00073887 there's round 19.
cPDl3vCnLw8-00296-00073888-00074262 click gray so remember that was six
cPDl3vCnLw8-00297-00074263-00074582 rounds of suzette now we're going to do
cPDl3vCnLw8-00298-00074583-00074726 two rounds of the mesh again
cPDl3vCnLw8-00299-00074727-00074919 so from where we are right now and a
cPDl3vCnLw8-00300-00074920-00075119 yarn over double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00301-00075120-00075638 into our marked stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00302-00075639-00076087 move the marker
cPDl3vCnLw8-00303-00076088-00076519 and then chain one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00304-00076520-00077015 skip a stitch double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00305-00077016-00077638 chain one skip
cPDl3vCnLw8-00306-00077639-00077967 all the way around again
cPDl3vCnLw8-00307-00077968-00078287 and then here is my last double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00308-00078288-00078615 and chain one and round
cPDl3vCnLw8-00309-00078616-00078959 20 we want to do that again for round 21
cPDl3vCnLw8-00310-00078960-00079399 so yarn over we're gonna work into
cPDl3vCnLw8-00311-00079400-00079882 our marked stitch with the double
cPDl3vCnLw8-00312-00079883-00080119 crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00313-00080120-00080559 and one more time all the way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00314-00080560-00081023 chain one i'm gonna skip the chain space
cPDl3vCnLw8-00315-00081024-00081319 and work right into the top
cPDl3vCnLw8-00316-00081320-00081647 of the double crochet chain one skip the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00317-00081648-00081719 chain space
cPDl3vCnLw8-00318-00081720-00081918 work into the top of our double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00319-00081919-00082062 and that's our sequence all the way
cPDl3vCnLw8-00320-00082063-00082231 around to the stitch marker
cPDl3vCnLw8-00321-00082232-00082376 easy peasy
cPDl3vCnLw8-00322-00082377-00082567 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00323-00082568-00082894 meet you in just a second
cPDl3vCnLw8-00324-00082895-00083694 and here is my last double crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00325-00083695-00084006 and a chain and then we're done with two
cPDl3vCnLw8-00326-00084007-00084150 rounds
cPDl3vCnLw8-00327-00084151-00084415 of our little mesh stitch and that's the
cPDl3vCnLw8-00328-00084416-00084599 end of round 21
cPDl3vCnLw8-00329-00084600-00084911 so now rounds 22 through
cPDl3vCnLw8-00330-00084912-00085247 26 is going to be suzette again
cPDl3vCnLw8-00331-00085248-00085618 so again remember it's a single crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00332-00085619-00086094 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00333-00086095-00086511 and a double crochet in the same stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00334-00086512-00086759 and a skip so our skip is the chain
cPDl3vCnLw8-00335-00086760-00086855 space
cPDl3vCnLw8-00336-00086856-00087023 we're going to work in the top of our
cPDl3vCnLw8-00337-00087024-00087223 double crochet from the previous round
cPDl3vCnLw8-00338-00087224-00087487 with a suzette
cPDl3vCnLw8-00339-00087488-00087862 and a skip all the way around
cPDl3vCnLw8-00340-00087863-00088262 four five rows total or five rounds
cPDl3vCnLw8-00341-00088263-00088615 total so this is going to be round
cPDl3vCnLw8-00342-00088616-00088887 that is round 22. you want to do 22 23
cPDl3vCnLw8-00343-00088888-00089103 to 4 to 5 and 26. i'll meet you back
cPDl3vCnLw8-00344-00089104-00089438 here at the end of round 26
cPDl3vCnLw8-00345-00089439-00089862 and here is my last suzette stitch four
cPDl3vCnLw8-00346-00089863-00090065 round 26
cPDl3vCnLw8-00347-00090066-00090462 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00348-00090463-00090671 here we go remember we have to skip this
cPDl3vCnLw8-00349-00090672-00090791 one
cPDl3vCnLw8-00350-00090792-00091103 so that was round 26 click we have
cPDl3vCnLw8-00351-00091104-00091294 around 27 and 28
cPDl3vCnLw8-00352-00091295-00091631 are all single crochets easy
cPDl3vCnLw8-00353-00091632-00091894 peasy so all you have to do is skip this
cPDl3vCnLw8-00354-00091895-00092191 guy and start in our mark stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00355-00092192-00092399 single crochet all the way around every
cPDl3vCnLw8-00356-00092400-00092815 stitch gets one single crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00357-00092816-00093167 super easy peasy probably can do this
cPDl3vCnLw8-00358-00093168-00093591 with your eyes closed
cPDl3vCnLw8-00359-00093592-00093959 so again that is round 27 that we're on
cPDl3vCnLw8-00360-00093960-00094047 right now
cPDl3vCnLw8-00361-00094048-00094599 round 27 and 28 are both
cPDl3vCnLw8-00362-00094600-00095015 single crochet all i will meet you back
cPDl3vCnLw8-00363-00095016-00095271 after you've done two rounds of single
cPDl3vCnLw8-00364-00095272-00095367 crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00365-00095368-00095694 and we are at the end of round
cPDl3vCnLw8-00366-00095695-00096079 28. here's the last few stitches
cPDl3vCnLw8-00367-00096080-00096399 of round 28 that were just single
cPDl3vCnLw8-00368-00096400-00096559 crochets only
cPDl3vCnLw8-00369-00096560-00096911 super easy peasy 28 done now what we
cPDl3vCnLw8-00370-00096912-00096982 have to do
cPDl3vCnLw8-00371-00096983-00097343 is make this little part
cPDl3vCnLw8-00372-00097344-00097662 super super easy peasy so excited
cPDl3vCnLw8-00373-00097663-00097831 we're gonna slip stitch into our marked
cPDl3vCnLw8-00374-00097832-00098047 stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00375-00098048-00098399 and chain 20 1 2 3 18
cPDl3vCnLw8-00376-00098400-00098806 19 20 slip stitch into
cPDl3vCnLw8-00377-00098807-00099094 this stitch one more time so we're
cPDl3vCnLw8-00378-00099095-00099671 making a loop
cPDl3vCnLw8-00379-00099672-00099918 turn this way so my working yarn is
cPDl3vCnLw8-00380-00099919-00100055 behind me
cPDl3vCnLw8-00381-00100056-00100326 and we are just going to single crochet
cPDl3vCnLw8-00382-00100327-00100374 into
cPDl3vCnLw8-00383-00100375-00100703 every chain and there's my
cPDl3vCnLw8-00384-00100704-00101103 last chain of my chain 20
cPDl3vCnLw8-00385-00101104-00101238 and then we're going to slip stitch
cPDl3vCnLw8-00386-00101239-00101687 again
cPDl3vCnLw8-00387-00101688-00102071 back into
cPDl3vCnLw8-00388-00102072-00102527 our original spot
cPDl3vCnLw8-00389-00102528-00102886 slip stitch and now we're going to
cPDl3vCnLw8-00390-00102888-00103471 fasten off
cPDl3vCnLw8-00391-00103472-00103830 on your scissors snippy snip
cPDl3vCnLw8-00392-00103831-00104003 pull it through
cPDl3vCnLw8-00393-00104004-00104254 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00394-00104255-00104478 and i'll show you how cute it looks on
cPDl3vCnLw8-00395-00104479-00104671 the bottle
cPDl3vCnLw8-00396-00104672-00104871 biggest deal is to make sure that you
cPDl3vCnLw8-00397-00104872-00105207 have got enough slack
cPDl3vCnLw8-00398-00105208-00105471 here to get over the top and it holds it
cPDl3vCnLw8-00399-00105472-00105631 on
cPDl3vCnLw8-00400-00105632-00105895 there you go all done isn't that just
cPDl3vCnLw8-00401-00105896-00105999 adorable
cPDl3vCnLw8-00402-00106000-00106143 just make sure that your circle that you
cPDl3vCnLw8-00403-00106144-00106295 start with on the bottom is the right
cPDl3vCnLw8-00404-00106296-00106478 size if it's a champagne bottle it
cPDl3vCnLw8-00405-00106479-00106631 might want to go make it a little bit
cPDl3vCnLw8-00406-00106632-00106902 bigger use a different hook
cPDl3vCnLw8-00407-00106903-00107078 you can really make this about any way
cPDl3vCnLw8-00408-00107079-00107278 you want any color scheme you want for
cPDl3vCnLw8-00409-00107279-00107439 any occasion that you want
cPDl3vCnLw8-00410-00107440-00107719 so thanks for stopping by thanks for
cPDl3vCnLw8-00411-00107720-00107871 supporting my small business
cPDl3vCnLw8-00412-00107872-00108039 please subscribe to thimblehooks and
cPDl3vCnLw8-00413-00108040-00108483 stop back soon thanks
cPDl3vCnLw8-00414-00108484-00108827 [Music]
cPDl3vCnLw8-00415-00108828-00109128 bye
cPG4ju-Au8E-00000-00000013-00000328 the history of Kerala India dates back
cPG4ju-Au8E-00001-00000329-00000595 many millennia stone-age carvings in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00002-00000596-00000790 e tackle caves feature pictorial
cPG4ju-Au8E-00003-00000791-00000964 writings believed to date to at least
cPG4ju-Au8E-00004-00000965-00001222 the Neolithic era around 5000 BC
cPG4ju-Au8E-00005-00001223-00001402 indicating the presence of a prehistoric
cPG4ju-Au8E-00006-00001403-00001623 civilization or settlement in this
cPG4ju-Au8E-00007-00001625-00001987 region from as early as 3000 BC shara
cPG4ju-Au8E-00008-00001988-00002200 Nadu currently known as Kerala had
cPG4ju-Au8E-00009-00002201-00002395 established itself as a major spice
cPG4ju-Au8E-00010-00002396-00002683 trade center Carol um the then Sharon
cPG4ju-Au8E-00011-00002684-00002887 Nadu had direct contact across the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00012-00002888-00003031 Arabian Sea with all the major
cPG4ju-Au8E-00013-00003032-00003238 Mediterranean and Red Sea ports as well
cPG4ju-Au8E-00014-00003239-00003502 those of the Far East the spice trade
cPG4ju-Au8E-00015-00003503-00003703 between Kerala and much of the world was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00016-00003704-00003871 one of the main drivers of the world
cPG4ju-Au8E-00017-00003872-00004177 economy for much of history ports in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00018-00004178-00004405 Kerala were the busiest mu Cirus among
cPG4ju-Au8E-00019-00004406-00004561 all trade and travel routes in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00020-00004562-00004870 history of the world the word Kerala is
cPG4ju-Au8E-00021-00004871-00005095 first recorded as Kerala Putra in a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00022-00005096-00005341 third century BC rock inscription rock
cPG4ju-Au8E-00023-00005342-00005554 edict to left by the Moriya emperor
cPG4ju-Au8E-00024-00005555-00006100 Ashoka 274 to 237 BC the land of kerala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00025-00006101-00006259 Putra was one of the five independent
cPG4ju-Au8E-00026-00006260-00006474 kingdoms in southern india during a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00027-00006475-00006660 shoka's time the others being chola
cPG4ju-Au8E-00028-00006661-00006952 Pandya tomorrow Ronnie and Satya Putra a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00029-00006953-00007191 third century ce e romney inscription
cPG4ju-Au8E-00030-00007192-00007413 found on ethical cave ambu cuthie hill
cPG4ju-Au8E-00031-00007414-00007569 contained the word Shera
cPG4ju-Au8E-00032-00007570-00007746 Kodama buddha sharra the earliest
cPG4ju-Au8E-00033-00007747-00007992 inscription xi sub the dynasty Shera
cPG4ju-Au8E-00034-00007993-00008233 the chair is collapsed after repeated
cPG4ju-Au8E-00035-00008234-00008380 attacks from the neighbouring Chola
cPG4ju-Au8E-00036-00008381-00008691 Empire and rashtrakuta Empire in the 8th
cPG4ju-Au8E-00037-00008692-00008937 century Adi Shankara was born at callate
cPG4ju-Au8E-00038-00008938-00009183 II in central Kerala he travelled
cPG4ju-Au8E-00039-00009184-00009337 extensively across the Indian
cPG4ju-Au8E-00040-00009338-00009564 subcontinent establishing institutions
cPG4ju-Au8E-00041-00009565-00009888 of Advaita Vedanta philosophy contact
cPG4ju-Au8E-00042-00009889-00010066 with Europeans after the arrival of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00043-00010067-00010348 Vasco da Gama in 1498 gave rise to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00044-00010349-00010569 struggles between colonial and native
cPG4ju-Au8E-00045-00010570-00010833 interests the state of Kerala was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00046-00010834-00011137 created in 1956 from the former state of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00047-00011138-00011367 travancore-cochin the Malabar district
cPG4ju-Au8E-00048-00011368-00011592 of Madras state and the kisara God taluk
cPG4ju-Au8E-00049-00011593-00012239 of Dakshina Kannada Kerala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00050-00012240-00012837 topic reference in Old Testament
cPG4ju-Au8E-00051-00012838-00013110 many historians locate port cities of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00052-00013111-00013281 fear and Tarshish mentioned in old
cPG4ju-Au8E-00053-00013282-00013547 testament in ancient kerala are
cPG4ju-Au8E-00054-00013549-00013746 near Thiruvananthapuram is believed to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00055-00013747-00013994 be OFIR mentioned in Old Testament Bible
cPG4ju-Au8E-00056-00013994-00014274 similarly colum another ancient port
cPG4ju-Au8E-00057-00014275-00014958 city is believed to be Tarshish
cPG4ju-Au8E-00058-00014959-00015571 topic Kerala in Hindu purana
cPG4ju-Au8E-00059-00015572-00015799 many of the legends from native people
cPG4ju-Au8E-00060-00015800-00015985 in Kerala are common with the rest of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00061-00015986-00016622 India coming from the Puranas
cPG4ju-Au8E-00062-00016623-00017122 topic Mahabali
cPG4ju-Au8E-00063-00017123-00017368 perhaps the most famous festival of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00064-00017369-00017625 Kerala onam is deeply rooted in Kerala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00065-00017626-00017914 traditions onam is associated with the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00066-00017915-00018075 legendary king mahabali
cPG4ju-Au8E-00067-00018076-00018280 who according to the Hindu Puranas ruled
cPG4ju-Au8E-00068-00018281-00018460 the earth and several other planetary
cPG4ju-Au8E-00069-00018461-00018739 systems from Kerala his entire kingdom
cPG4ju-Au8E-00070-00018740-00018943 was then a land of immense prosperity
cPG4ju-Au8E-00071-00018944-00019200 and happiness however he was granted
cPG4ju-Au8E-00072-00019201-00019419 rule over one of the netherworld potala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00073-00019420-00019672 planets called sutala by vimana the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00074-00019673-00019912 fifth avatar earthly incarnation of Lord
cPG4ju-Au8E-00075-00019913-00019968 Vishnu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00076-00019969-00020233 onam is celebrated in Kerala with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00077-00020234-00020403 respect to move le vamp urine of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00078-00020404-00021061 malacara and three Kaka rayappan
cPG4ju-Au8E-00079-00021062-00021583 topic other texts
cPG4ju-Au8E-00080-00021584-00021805 the oldest of all the piranhas the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00081-00021806-00021904 Matsya Purana
cPG4ju-Au8E-00082-00021905-00022141 sets the story of the Matsya avatar fish
cPG4ju-Au8E-00083-00022142-00022354 incarnation of lord vishnu in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00084-00022355-00022543 western got mountains of old tamil nadu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00085-00022544-00022762 which lie in between sharon ado and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00086-00022763-00023019 Chola and Pandya Nadia the earliest
cPG4ju-Au8E-00087-00023020-00023242 Sanskrit text to mention Kerala by name
cPG4ju-Au8E-00088-00023243-00023437 as the Adria Aran Yakka of the Rig Veda
cPG4ju-Au8E-00089-00023438-00023694 it is also mentioned in both the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00090-00023695-00024228 Ramayana in the Mahabharata
cPG4ju-Au8E-00091-00024229-00024733 topic Parasurama
cPG4ju-Au8E-00092-00024734-00024919 there are legends dealing with the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00093-00024920-00025122 origins of Kerala geographically and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00094-00025123-00025378 culturally one such legend as the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00095-00025379-00025585 retrieval of Kerala from the sea by
cPG4ju-Au8E-00096-00025586-00025906 Parasurama a warrior sage it proclaims
cPG4ju-Au8E-00097-00025907-00026121 that Parasurama an avatar of maha vishnu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00098-00026122-00026425 through his battle-axe into the sea as a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00099-00026426-00026680 result the land of kerala arose and thus
cPG4ju-Au8E-00100-00026681-00026877 was reclaimed from the waters he was the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00101-00026879-00027114 sixth of the ten avatars incarnations of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00102-00027116-00027424 vishnu the word para su means acts in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00103-00027425-00027583 sanskrit and therefore the name
cPG4ju-Au8E-00104-00027583-00027792 Parasurama means ram with acts in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00105-00027793-00028099 treta-yuga Parasurama retrieved the land
cPG4ju-Au8E-00106-00028100-00028302 submerged under the ocean from Varuna
cPG4ju-Au8E-00107-00028304-00028489 the god of the oceans and Bhoomi Devi
cPG4ju-Au8E-00108-00028489-00028744 goddess of Earth from go carnem he
cPG4ju-Au8E-00109-00028745-00028939 reached Kanyakumari and threw his axe
cPG4ju-Au8E-00110-00028939-00029194 northward across the ocean the place
cPG4ju-Au8E-00111-00029195-00029437 where the axe landed was kerala it was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00112-00029438-00029739 160 Kadem an old measure of land lying
cPG4ju-Au8E-00113-00029741-00029958 between go carnem and Kanyakumari
cPG4ju-Au8E-00114-00029958-00030205 Puranas say that it was Parasurama
cPG4ju-Au8E-00115-00030206-00030402 who planted the brahmins and ayaka's in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00116-00030403-00030649 64 regions of kerala from sharra and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00117-00030650-00030927 pandey regions according to the Puranas
cPG4ju-Au8E-00118-00030928-00031144 Kerala is also known as Parasurama
cPG4ju-Au8E-00119-00031145-00031399 Chaitra my II the land of parasurama as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00120-00031400-00032101 the land was reclaimed from sea by him
cPG4ju-Au8E-00121-00032102-00032668 topic prehistory
cPG4ju-Au8E-00122-00032669-00032837 archeological studies have identified
cPG4ju-Au8E-00123-00032838-00033080 many Mesolithic Neolithic and megalithic
cPG4ju-Au8E-00124-00033081-00033335 sites in Kerala these findings have been
cPG4ju-Au8E-00125-00033336-00033542 classified into laterite rock-cut caves
cPG4ju-Au8E-00126-00033543-00033860 Schenkel era hood stones kuda clue hat
cPG4ju-Au8E-00127-00033861-00034118 stones topically dole monoid cysts
cPG4ju-Au8E-00128-00034119-00034335 Calver them earned burials nanny gaudy
cPG4ju-Au8E-00129-00034336-00034643 and men here's pelagic aloo the studies
cPG4ju-Au8E-00130-00034644-00034835 point to the indigenous development of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00131-00034836-00035024 the ancient kerala society in its
cPG4ju-Au8E-00132-00035025-00035210 culture beginning from the Paleolithic
cPG4ju-Au8E-00133-00035211-00035370 Age and its continuity through
cPG4ju-Au8E-00134-00035371-00035635 Mesolithic Neolithic and megalithic ages
cPG4ju-Au8E-00135-00035636-00035921 however foreign cultural contacts have
cPG4ju-Au8E-00136-00035922-00036137 assisted this cultural formation the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00137-00036138-00036354 studies suggest possible relationship
cPG4ju-Au8E-00138-00036355-00036554 with Indus Valley Civilisation during
cPG4ju-Au8E-00139-00036555-00036773 the Late Bronze Age and early iron age
cPG4ju-Au8E-00140-00036774-00037007 archaeological findings include dolmens
cPG4ju-Au8E-00141-00037008-00037223 of the Neolithic era in the merrier area
cPG4ju-Au8E-00142-00037224-00037529 they are locally known as mu niara
cPG4ju-Au8E-00143-00037530-00037817 derived from muni hermit or sage and era
cPG4ju-Au8E-00144-00037818-00038111 dolmen rock engravings in the eve Akal
cPG4ju-Au8E-00145-00038112-00038270 caves in Wayanad are thought to date
cPG4ju-Au8E-00146-00038271-00038495 from the early to late neolithic eras
cPG4ju-Au8E-00147-00038496-00038924 around 5000 BCE historian mr Raghava
cPG4ju-Au8E-00148-00038925-00039161 Verrier of the kerala state archaeology
cPG4ju-Au8E-00149-00039162-00039377 department identified a sign of the man
cPG4ju-Au8E-00150-00039378-00039563 with Jarque up in the engravings which
cPG4ju-Au8E-00151-00039564-00039770 is the most distinct motif of the Indus
cPG4ju-Au8E-00152-00039771-00040386 Valley Civilization
cPG4ju-Au8E-00153-00040387-00041296 topic spice trade 3000 BC to 1000 BC
cPG4ju-Au8E-00154-00041297-00041554 Kerala was a major spice exporter as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00155-00041555-00041749 early as 3000 BCE
cPG4ju-Au8E-00156-00041750-00042028 according to Sumerian Records its fame
cPG4ju-Au8E-00157-00042029-00042247 as the land of spices attracted ancient
cPG4ju-Au8E-00158-00042248-00042484 Babylonians Assyrians and Egyptians to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00159-00042485-00042697 musiah's three in the third and second
cPG4ju-Au8E-00160-00042698-00043015 millennia BCE Arabs and Phoenicians were
cPG4ju-Au8E-00161-00043016-00043216 also successful in establishing their
cPG4ju-Au8E-00162-00043217-00043405 prominence in the Kerala trade during
cPG4ju-Au8E-00163-00043406-00043714 this early period according to Sumerian
cPG4ju-Au8E-00164-00043715-00043921 Records in Kerala still referred to as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00165-00043922-00044269 the garden of spices or as the spice
cPG4ju-Au8E-00166-00044270-00044554 garden of India careless spices
cPG4ju-Au8E-00167-00044555-00044794 attracted ancient Babylonians Assyrians
cPG4ju-Au8E-00168-00044795-00045004 and Egyptians to the Malabar Coast in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00169-00045005-00045343 the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE arabs and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00170-00045344-00045511 Phoenicians established trade with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00171-00045512-00045739 Kerala during this period the land of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00172-00045740-00045907 Kerala Putra was one of the four
cPG4ju-Au8E-00173-00045908-00046105 independent kingdoms in southern India
cPG4ju-Au8E-00174-00046106-00046297 during a shoka's time the others being
cPG4ju-Au8E-00175-00046298-00046630 chola Pangaea and satya Putra scholars
cPG4ju-Au8E-00176-00046631-00046831 hold that kerala Putra is an alternate
cPG4ju-Au8E-00177-00046832-00047029 name of the Cheras the first dominant
cPG4ju-Au8E-00178-00047030-00047323 dynasty based in Kerala in the last
cPG4ju-Au8E-00179-00047324-00047596 centuries BCE the coast became important
cPG4ju-Au8E-00180-00047597-00047794 to the Greeks and Romans for its spices
cPG4ju-Au8E-00181-00047795-00048088 especially black pepper the Cheras had
cPG4ju-Au8E-00182-00048089-00048358 trading links with China West Asia Egypt
cPG4ju-Au8E-00183-00048359-00048658 Greece and the Roman Empire in foreign
cPG4ju-Au8E-00184-00048659-00048840 trade circles the region was known as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00185-00048841-00049162 male or Malabar musiah's / karai and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00186-00049163-00049372 Nelson de were among the principal ports
cPG4ju-Au8E-00187-00049373-00049648 at that time the value of Rome's annual
cPG4ju-Au8E-00188-00049649-00049843 trade with the region was estimated at
cPG4ju-Au8E-00189-00049844-00050098 around 50 million sesterces contemporary
cPG4ju-Au8E-00190-00050099-00050320 Sangam literature describes Roman ships
cPG4ju-Au8E-00191-00050321-00050539 coming to MU Cirrus in Kerala laden with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00192-00050540-00050815 gold to exchange for pepper one of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00193-00050816-00051001 earliest Western traders to use the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00194-00051002-00051184 monsoon winds to reach Kerala was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00195-00051185-00051637 Eudoxus of Suzuka around 118 or 166 BCE
cPG4ju-Au8E-00196-00051638-00051829 under the patronage of Ptolemy the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00197-00051829-00052041 eighth king of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic
cPG4ju-Au8E-00198-00052042-00052360 dynasty in Egypt Roman establishments in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00199-00052361-00052554 the port cities of the region such as a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00200-00052555-00052744 temple of augustus and barracks for
cPG4ju-Au8E-00201-00052745-00052941 garrison Roman soldiers are marked in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00202-00052942-00053140 the tabula pooting jury anna the only
cPG4ju-Au8E-00203-00053141-00053314 surviving map of the roman curses
cPG4ju-Au8E-00204-00053315-00053532 publicus merchants from West Asia and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00205-00053533-00053713 southern Europe established coastal
cPG4ju-Au8E-00206-00053714-00053904 posts and settlements in Kerala the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00207-00053904-00054127 Jewish connection with Sharon Nadu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00208-00054128-00054591 started in 573 BCE Arabs also had trade
cPG4ju-Au8E-00209-00054592-00054691 links with Carol
cPG4ju-Au8E-00210-00054691-00054951 starting before the 4th century BCE as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00211-00054952-00055404 Herodotus 484 to 413 BCE noted that
cPG4ju-Au8E-00212-00055405-00055599 goods brought by Arabs from Kerala were
cPG4ju-Au8E-00213-00055600-00055816 sold to the Jews at Eden they
cPG4ju-Au8E-00214-00055816-00056028 intermarried with local people resulting
cPG4ju-Au8E-00215-00056029-00056199 in formation of the Muslim a pilla
cPG4ju-Au8E-00216-00056200-00056475 community in the 4th century some
cPG4ju-Au8E-00217-00056476-00056697 Christians also migrated from Persia and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00218-00056698-00056862 joined the early Syrian Christian
cPG4ju-Au8E-00219-00056863-00057046 community who traced their origins to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00220-00057047-00057255 the evangelistic activity of Thomas the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00221-00057256-00057516 Apostle in the 1st century another
cPG4ju-Au8E-00222-00057517-00057726 Christian migration from Middle East to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00223-00057727-00058015 Kerala was of the keneniah community my
cPG4ju-Au8E-00224-00058016-00058240 pillow was an honorific title ma Pillai
cPG4ju-Au8E-00225-00058241-00058443 is a Tamil word for bridegroom because
cPG4ju-Au8E-00226-00058444-00058635 foreign mail partner married to local
cPG4ju-Au8E-00227-00058636-00058797 woman they have been called ma Pillai
cPG4ju-Au8E-00228-00058798-00058959 community that had been assigned to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00229-00058960-00059184 respected visitors from abroad Jewish
cPG4ju-Au8E-00230-00059185-00059409 Syrian Christian and Muslim immigration
cPG4ju-Au8E-00231-00059410-00059565 account for later names of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00232-00059566-00059769 respective communities judoma pillars
cPG4ju-Au8E-00233-00059770-00059971 Nasser anima pilla's and Muslim my
cPG4ju-Au8E-00234-00059972-00060204 pillows according to the legends of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00235-00060205-00060390 these communities the earliest st.
cPG4ju-Au8E-00236-00060391-00060622 Thomas Christian churches chairman Juma
cPG4ju-Au8E-00237-00060623-00060963 Masjid 629 C II the first mosque of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00238-00060964-00061332 India and paradesi synagogue 1568 C II
cPG4ju-Au8E-00239-00061333-00061578 the oldest active synagogue in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00240-00061579-00061806 Commonwealth of Nations were built in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00241-00061807-00062124 Kerala by coach and Jews mega Staines
cPG4ju-Au8E-00242-00062125-00062331 the Greek ambassador to the court of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00243-00062332-00062556 Emperor Chandragupta Maurya 4th century
cPG4ju-Au8E-00244-00062557-00062805 BC mentions in his work indica on many
cPG4ju-Au8E-00245-00062806-00063030 South Indian states including Auto Mela
cPG4ju-Au8E-00246-00063031-00063259 probably musiah's and a pandyan trade
cPG4ju-Au8E-00247-00063260-00063573 center ancient Roman natural philosopher
cPG4ju-Au8E-00248-00063574-00063726 Pliny the Elder mentions in his
cPG4ju-Au8E-00249-00063727-00064072 naturalist historia and H 6.2 six news
cPG4ju-Au8E-00250-00064073-00064326 IRA's 4 in Kerala as India's first port
cPG4ju-Au8E-00251-00064327-00064615 of importance according to him mu cirrus
cPG4ju-Au8E-00252-00064616-00064812 could be reached in 40 days time from
cPG4ju-Au8E-00253-00064813-00064996 the Red Sea ports in Egyptian coast
cPG4ju-Au8E-00254-00064997-00065175 purely depending on the southwest
cPG4ju-Au8E-00255-00065176-00065472 monsoon winds later the unknown author
cPG4ju-Au8E-00256-00065473-00065643 of the periplus of the erythraean sea
cPG4ju-Au8E-00257-00065644-00065940 notes that both mu cirrus and nelson de
cPG4ju-Au8E-00258-00065941-00066575 are now busy places
cPG4ju-Au8E-00259-00066576-00067467 topic ancient sources see 1000 BC ad 100
cPG4ju-Au8E-00260-00067468-00067724 the Sangam works purana Nauru and Aachen
cPG4ju-Au8E-00261-00067725-00067917 and aru have many lines which speak of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00262-00067918-00068097 the roman vessels and the roman gold
cPG4ju-Au8E-00263-00068098-00068294 that used to come to the kerala ports in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00264-00068295-00068496 search of pepper and other spices which
cPG4ju-Au8E-00265-00068497-00068650 had enormous demand in the West
cPG4ju-Au8E-00266-00068651-00068924 especially being one of the earliest
cPG4ju-Au8E-00267-00068925-00069131 surviving pieces of literature to have
cPG4ju-Au8E-00268-00069132-00069338 been composed in ancient Kerala patter
cPG4ju-Au8E-00269-00069339-00069530 up a - as an important source that
cPG4ju-Au8E-00270-00069531-00069725 describes the dynasties of Kerala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00271-00069726-00069948 Jerris from the early centuries CE II an
cPG4ju-Au8E-00272-00069949-00070128 important source to understand the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00273-00070129-00070323 ancient history of Kerala as the patent
cPG4ju-Au8E-00274-00070324-00070601 and Malkin oku collections of poems by
cPG4ju-Au8E-00275-00070602-00070856 some poets like Perrin or capillar go to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00276-00070857-00071079 Manor mom you'll honor a Navi are give
cPG4ju-Au8E-00277-00071080-00071259 us information about the shara Kings
cPG4ju-Au8E-00278-00071260-00071448 like oathean nedum cheralathan and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00279-00071449-00071732 senguttuvan xalapa dee karim one of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00280-00071733-00071973 five great epics in tamil literature was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00281-00071974-00072179 written by a sheriff Printz i Lango and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00282-00072180-00072430 refers to van she is ruled by Charis a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00283-00072431-00072741 3rd century BC rock inscription by
cPG4ju-Au8E-00284-00072742-00072929 emperor Ashoka the great references
cPG4ju-Au8E-00285-00072930-00073254 Kerala is Kerala Putra Sanskrit scholars
cPG4ju-Au8E-00286-00073255-00073428 of ancient India katyayana
cPG4ju-Au8E-00287-00073429-00073691 circa 4th century BC and Patanjali
cPG4ju-Au8E-00288-00073692-00073971 Serkis 2nd century BC exhibited in their
cPG4ju-Au8E-00289-00073972-00074160 writings a casual familiarity with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00290-00074161-00074749 Carolis geography
cPG4ju-Au8E-00291-00074750-00075243 topic ancient dynasties see 500 BC ad
cPG4ju-Au8E-00292-00075244-00075658 500
cPG4ju-Au8E-00293-00075659-00075901 the land of Kerala Putra was one of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00294-00075902-00076090 five independent kingdoms in southern
cPG4ju-Au8E-00295-00076091-00076294 India during a shoka's time the others
cPG4ju-Au8E-00296-00076295-00076537 being chola Pandya tomorrow Ronnie and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00297-00076538-00076798 Satya Putra it had a trading port
cPG4ju-Au8E-00298-00076799-00077032 sometimes identified in ancient Western
cPG4ju-Au8E-00299-00077033-00077260 sources as Nelson de or nice indeed the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00300-00077261-00077482 Cheras ruled Western Malabar Coast the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00301-00077483-00077680 Cholas ruled in the eastern car Mandal
cPG4ju-Au8E-00302-00077681-00077812 coast and the pandyas in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00303-00077813-00078055 south-central peninsula there were also
cPG4ju-Au8E-00304-00078056-00078265 numerous small vassal kingdoms and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00305-00078266-00078376 city-states called
cPG4ju-Au8E-00306-00078377-00078703 valves the Shara Kingdom consisted of a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00307-00078704-00078916 major part of modern Kerala and conga
cPG4ju-Au8E-00308-00078917-00079117 Nadu which comprises of districts of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00309-00079118-00079330 modern Tamil Nadu like Coimbatore and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00310-00079331-00079612 Salem old Tamil and Sanskrit was the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00311-00079613-00079873 language of the region Malayalam their
cPG4ju-Au8E-00312-00079874-00080101 capital was at Vangie also known as van
cPG4ju-Au8E-00313-00080102-00080356 commuter the location of the historical
cPG4ju-Au8E-00314-00080357-00080542 city van she is generally considered
cPG4ju-Au8E-00315-00080543-00080746 near the ancient port city of MU Cirus
cPG4ju-Au8E-00316-00080747-00081076 in Kerala however car in modern Tamil
cPG4ju-Au8E-00317-00081077-00081238 Nadu has also pointed out as the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00318-00081239-00081474 location of the capital city of Charis
cPG4ju-Au8E-00319-00081475-00081700 another view suggests the reign of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00320-00081701-00081922 Cera's from multiple capitals there were
cPG4ju-Au8E-00321-00081923-00082117 harbors of Noren near caner tin Dee's
cPG4ju-Au8E-00322-00082118-00082318 near coil Andy and Beaucaire knurl a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00323-00082319-00082516 pooja which were also trading with Rome
cPG4ju-Au8E-00324-00082517-00082756 and pala Cod past Jerome facilitated
cPG4ju-Au8E-00325-00082757-00083020 migration and trade the contact with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00326-00083021-00083197 Romans might have given rise to small
cPG4ju-Au8E-00327-00083198-00083431 colonies of Jews and Syrian Christians
cPG4ju-Au8E-00328-00083432-00083698 in the chief harbour towns of Kerala the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00329-00083699-00083848 coach and Jews believe that their
cPG4ju-Au8E-00330-00083849-00084028 ancestors came to the west coast of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00331-00084029-00084202 India as refugees following the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00332-00084203-00084385 destruction of Jerusalem in the 1st
cPG4ju-Au8E-00333-00084386-00084712 century AD st. Thomas Christians are the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00334-00084713-00084877 descendants of the converts of saint
cPG4ju-Au8E-00335-00084878-00085587 thomas the apostle of jesus christ
cPG4ju-Au8E-00336-00085588-00085872 topic ancient religions and ethnic
cPG4ju-Au8E-00337-00085873-00086285 groups
cPG4ju-Au8E-00338-00086286-00086540 buddhism and jainism reached kerala in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00339-00086541-00086771 this early period as in other parts of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00340-00086772-00086965 ancient india buddhism and jainism
cPG4ju-Au8E-00341-00086966-00087179 coexisted with early hindu beliefs
cPG4ju-Au8E-00342-00087180-00087394 during the first five centuries
cPG4ju-Au8E-00343-00087395-00087620 merchants from West Asia and southern
cPG4ju-Au8E-00344-00087621-00087845 Europe established coastal posts and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00345-00087846-00088097 settlements in Kerala Jewish connection
cPG4ju-Au8E-00346-00088098-00088444 with careless started as early as 573 bc
cPG4ju-Au8E-00347-00088445-00088736 arabs also had trade links with kerala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00348-00088737-00088940 possibly started before the 4th century
cPG4ju-Au8E-00349-00088941-00089465 BC as Herodotus 484 to 413 BC noted that
cPG4ju-Au8E-00350-00089466-00089654 Goods brought by Arabs from Kerala were
cPG4ju-Au8E-00351-00089655-00089906 sold to the Jews at Eden in the 4th
cPG4ju-Au8E-00352-00089907-00090146 century some Christians also emigrated
cPG4ju-Au8E-00353-00090147-00090350 from Persia and joined the early Syrian
cPG4ju-Au8E-00354-00090351-00090509 Christian community who traced their
cPG4ju-Au8E-00355-00090510-00090731 origins to the evangelistic activity of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00356-00090732-00090940 Thomas the Apostle in the first century
cPG4ju-Au8E-00357-00090941-00091220 map Allah was an honorific title that
cPG4ju-Au8E-00358-00091221-00091400 had been assigned to respected visitors
cPG4ju-Au8E-00359-00091401-00091634 from abroad and Jewish Syrian Christian
cPG4ju-Au8E-00360-00091635-00091817 and Muslim immigration might account for
cPG4ju-Au8E-00361-00091818-00091967 later names of the respective
cPG4ju-Au8E-00362-00091968-00092171 communities Judah my pillars Nasser
cPG4ju-Au8E-00363-00092172-00092383 anima pilla's and Muslim my pillars
cPG4ju-Au8E-00364-00092384-00092570 according to the legends of these
cPG4ju-Au8E-00365-00092571-00092756 communities the earliest Christian
cPG4ju-Au8E-00366-00092757-00093125 churches mosque and synagogue ad 1568 in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00367-00093126-00093401 India were built in Kerala the combined
cPG4ju-Au8E-00368-00093402-00093587 number of Jews Christians and Muslims
cPG4ju-Au8E-00369-00093588-00093847 was relatively small at this early stage
cPG4ju-Au8E-00370-00093848-00094130 they coexisted harmoniously with each
cPG4ju-Au8E-00371-00094131-00094370 other and with local Hindu society aided
cPG4ju-Au8E-00372-00094371-00094538 by the commercial benefit from such
cPG4ju-Au8E-00373-00094539-00094763 Association a silent revolution was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00374-00094764-00094967 taking place in the social system of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00375-00094968-00095162 western coast of South India during the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00376-00095163-00095462 last phase of Sangam age towards the end
cPG4ju-Au8E-00377-00095463-00095690 of Sangam age Brahmins migrated into
cPG4ju-Au8E-00378-00095691-00095864 this region and by about the 8th century
cPG4ju-Au8E-00379-00095865-00096089 a chain of Brahmin settlements had come
cPG4ju-Au8E-00380-00096090-00096245 up a large number of which were in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00381-00096246-00096527 central Kerala temples were constructed
cPG4ju-Au8E-00382-00096528-00096776 nambudiri community was evolved adi
cPG4ju-Au8E-00383-00096777-00096971 shankara the exponent of advaita
cPG4ju-Au8E-00384-00096972-00097178 monistic philosophy lived in the eighth
cPG4ju-Au8E-00385-00097179-00097490 century AD the whole of kerala came to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00386-00097491-00097691 be covered by a network of hindu temples
cPG4ju-Au8E-00387-00097692-00097943 centered brahmin settlements under their
cPG4ju-Au8E-00388-00097944-00098132 control these settlements had a large
cPG4ju-Au8E-00389-00098133-00098351 extent of land number of tenants in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00390-00098352-00098627 entailing privileges with more advanced
cPG4ju-Au8E-00391-00098628-00098779 techniques of cultivation
cPG4ju-Au8E-00392-00098780-00098984 socio-political organization and a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00393-00098985-00099167 strong sense of solidarity they
cPG4ju-Au8E-00394-00099168-00099359 succeeded in raising a feudal fighting
cPG4ju-Au8E-00395-00099360-00099560 class and ordered the caste system with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00396-00099561-00099635 numerous grad
cPG4ju-Au8E-00397-00099636-00100048 of upper intermediate and lower classes
cPG4ju-Au8E-00398-00100049-00100393 equals equals early medieval period C
cPG4ju-Au8E-00399-00100394-00101104 501 400 C e equals equals
cPG4ju-Au8E-00400-00101105-00101623 topic ii Jerez
cPG4ju-Au8E-00401-00101624-00101832 much of history of the region from the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00402-00101833-00102074 6th to the 8th century as obscure a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00403-00102075-00102547 second share a kingdom see 801 102 also
cPG4ju-Au8E-00404-00102548-00102729 known as kulasekhara dynasty of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00405-00102730-00102922 mahodayapuram was established by
cPG4ju-Au8E-00406-00102923-00103119 kulasekhara Varman which at its zenith
cPG4ju-Au8E-00407-00103120-00103335 ruled over a territory comprising the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00408-00103336-00103518 whole of modern Kerala and a smaller
cPG4ju-Au8E-00409-00103519-00103794 part of modern Tamil Nadu during the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00410-00103795-00104013 early part of kulasekhara period the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00411-00104014-00104188 southern region from Nagercoil to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00412-00104189-00104406 Thiruvananthapuram was ruled by I Kings
cPG4ju-Au8E-00413-00104407-00104626 who lost their power in 10th century and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00414-00104627-00104800 thus the region became a part of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00415-00104801-00105063 Kulas acara Empire during kulasekhara
cPG4ju-Au8E-00416-00105064-00105288 rule Kerala witnessed a flourishing
cPG4ju-Au8E-00417-00105289-00105528 period of art literature trade and the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00418-00105529-00105801 bhakti movement of Hinduism a Keralite
cPG4ju-Au8E-00419-00105802-00106026 identity distinct from the Tamils became
cPG4ju-Au8E-00420-00106027-00106191 linguistically separate during this
cPG4ju-Au8E-00421-00106192-00106479 period for the local administration the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00422-00106480-00106704 Empire was divided into provinces under
cPG4ju-Au8E-00423-00106705-00106882 the rule of nair chieftains known as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00424-00106883-00107028 native ojas with each province
cPG4ju-Au8E-00425-00107029-00107238 comprising a number of dis Am's under
cPG4ju-Au8E-00426-00107239-00107415 the control of chieftains called as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00427-00107416-00107647 Decimus the inhibitions caused by a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00428-00107648-00107886 series of share a chola Wars in the 11th
cPG4ju-Au8E-00429-00107888-00108066 century resulted in the decline of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00430-00108067-00108366 foreign trade in kerala ports buddhism
cPG4ju-Au8E-00431-00108367-00108547 and jainism disappeared from the land
cPG4ju-Au8E-00432-00108548-00108804 the social system became fractured with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00433-00108805-00109034 internal divisions on the lines of caste
cPG4ju-Au8E-00434-00109035-00109302 finally the kulasekhara dynasty was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00435-00109303-00109543 subjugated in 1102 by the combined
cPG4ju-Au8E-00436-00109544-00109778 attack of later pandas and later Cholas
cPG4ju-Au8E-00437-00109779-00110115 however in the 14th century ravi varma
cPG4ju-Au8E-00438-00110116-00110200 kulasekhara
cPG4ju-Au8E-00439-00110201-00110511 1299 - 1314 of the southern vinod
cPG4ju-Au8E-00440-00110513-00110674 kingdom was able to establish a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00441-00110675-00110863 short-lived supremacy over southern
cPG4ju-Au8E-00442-00110864-00111151 india after his death in the absence of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00443-00111152-00111351 a strong central power the state was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00444-00111352-00111564 fractured into about 30 small warring
cPG4ju-Au8E-00445-00111565-00111751 principalities under nair chieftains
cPG4ju-Au8E-00446-00111752-00111927 most powerful of them were the kingdom
cPG4ju-Au8E-00447-00111928-00112126 of sama theory in the north the nad in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00448-00112127-00112749 the south and Kochi in the middle
cPG4ju-Au8E-00449-00112750-00113281 topic rise of Advaita
cPG4ju-Au8E-00450-00113282-00113695 adi shankara ad 789 one of the greatest
cPG4ju-Au8E-00451-00113696-00113926 indian philosophers was born in Khiladi
cPG4ju-Au8E-00452-00113927-00114151 in kerala and consolidated the doctrine
cPG4ju-Au8E-00453-00114152-00114435 of Advaita Vedanta Shankara travelled
cPG4ju-Au8E-00454-00114436-00114613 across the Indian subcontinent to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00455-00114614-00114759 propagate his philosophy through
cPG4ju-Au8E-00456-00114760-00114919 discourses and debates with other
cPG4ju-Au8E-00457-00114920-00115189 thinkers he is reputed to have founded
cPG4ju-Au8E-00458-00115190-00115509 for Malthus monasteries which helped in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00459-00115510-00115720 the historical development revival and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00460-00115721-00115918 spread of Advaita Vedanta of which he is
cPG4ju-Au8E-00461-00115919-00116164 known as the greatest revivalist Adi
cPG4ju-Au8E-00462-00116165-00116383 Shankara is believed to be the organizer
cPG4ju-Au8E-00463-00116383-00116596 of the dashing ami monastic order and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00464-00116597-00116760 the founder of the Shan Mata tradition
cPG4ju-Au8E-00465-00116761-00117040 of worship his works in Sanskrit
cPG4ju-Au8E-00466-00117041-00117210 concerned themselves with establishing
cPG4ju-Au8E-00467-00117211-00117496 the doctrine of Advaita non-dualism he
cPG4ju-Au8E-00468-00117497-00117670 also established the importance of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00469-00117671-00117844 monastic life as sanctioned in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00470-00117845-00118081 Upanishads and brahma sutra in a time
cPG4ju-Au8E-00471-00118082-00118216 when the mimamsa school established
cPG4ju-Au8E-00472-00118217-00118429 strict ritualism and ridiculed
cPG4ju-Au8E-00473-00118430-00118729 monasticism Shankara represented his
cPG4ju-Au8E-00474-00118730-00118959 works as elaborating on ideas found in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00475-00118960-00119155 the Upanishads and he wrote copious
cPG4ju-Au8E-00476-00119156-00119361 commentaries on the vedic canon brahma
cPG4ju-Au8E-00477-00119363-00119590 sutra principle Upanishads and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00478-00119591-00119806 bhagavad-gita in support of his thesis
cPG4ju-Au8E-00479-00119807-00120055 the main opponent in his work is the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00480-00120056-00120265 mimamsa school of thought though he also
cPG4ju-Au8E-00481-00120266-00120445 offers arguments against the views of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00482-00120446-00120607 some other schools like samkhya and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00483-00120608-00121208 certain schools of Buddhism
cPG4ju-Au8E-00484-00121208-00121684 topic kingdom of a gnat
cPG4ju-Au8E-00485-00121685-00121958 the NAD was a kingdom in the southwest
cPG4ju-Au8E-00486-00121959-00122157 tip of Kerala which acted as a buffer
cPG4ju-Au8E-00487-00122158-00122457 between Cera's and pandyas until the end
cPG4ju-Au8E-00488-00122458-00122658 of the 11th century it was a small
cPG4ju-Au8E-00489-00122658-00122954 principality in the I kingdom the a wise
cPG4ju-Au8E-00490-00122955-00123152 were the earliest ruling dynasty in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00491-00123153-00123326 southern Kerala who at their Zenith
cPG4ju-Au8E-00492-00123327-00123543 ruled over a region from nagercoil in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00493-00123544-00123716 the south to Thiruvananthapuram in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00494-00123717-00124049 north their capital was at : a series of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00495-00124050-00124226 attacks by the pandyas between the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00496-00124227-00124407 seventh and eighth centuries caused the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00497-00124408-00124613 decline of a wise although the dynasty
cPG4ju-Au8E-00498-00124614-00124790 remained powerful until the beginning of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00499-00124791-00125087 the 10th century when I power diminished
cPG4ju-Au8E-00500-00125088-00125243 Vinod became the southernmost
cPG4ju-Au8E-00501-00125244-00125477 principality of the 2nd share a kingdom
cPG4ju-Au8E-00502-00125478-00125697 invasion of Cholas into vinod caused the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00503-00125698-00126065 destruction of kalam in 1096 however the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00504-00126066-00126308 shara capital mahodayapuram fell in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00505-00126309-00126488 subsequent attack which compelled the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00506-00126489-00126737 shara king rama varma kulasekhara to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00507-00126738-00127049 shift his capital to : thus rama varma
cPG4ju-Au8E-00508-00127050-00127283 kulasekhara the last emperor of Shera
cPG4ju-Au8E-00509-00127284-00127506 dynasty is probably the founder of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00510-00127507-00127719 Vinod royal house and the title of Shara
cPG4ju-Au8E-00511-00127720-00127937 Kings kulasekhara was thence fourth
cPG4ju-Au8E-00512-00127938-00128208 adopted by the rulers of an at the end
cPG4ju-Au8E-00513-00128208-00128411 of second Shara dynasty in the 12th
cPG4ju-Au8E-00514-00128412-00128588 century marks the independence of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00515-00128589-00128861 van at the vana Duke king then also was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00516-00128862-00129147 known as Vinod oom oopall nair in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00517-00129148-00129345 second half of the 12th century two
cPG4ju-Au8E-00518-00129346-00129527 branches of the I dynasty thrip
cPG4ju-Au8E-00519-00129528-00129638 abhorrent arava
cPG4ju-Au8E-00520-00129639-00129812 merged into the Vinod family and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00521-00129813-00130010 established the tradition of designating
cPG4ju-Au8E-00522-00130011-00130241 the ruler of Vinod as jirafa MOA pan and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00523-00130242-00130431 the heir apparent as three Papamoa pan
cPG4ju-Au8E-00524-00130432-00130731 while carava MOA pan had his residence
cPG4ju-Au8E-00525-00130732-00130983 at colum the three Papamoa pan resided
cPG4ju-Au8E-00526-00130983-00131186 at his palace in thrip a poor nine miles
cPG4ju-Au8E-00527-00131187-00131353 fourteen kilometers north of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00528-00131354-00131544 Thiruvananthapuram and was vested with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00529-00131545-00131726 the authority over the temples of an ad
cPG4ju-Au8E-00530-00131727-00131936 kingdom especially the shri Pomona by
cPG4ju-Au8E-00531-00131937-00132215 swami temple the most powerful kingdom
cPG4ju-Au8E-00532-00132216-00132391 of kerala during the colonial period
cPG4ju-Au8E-00533-00132392-00132602 Travancore was developed through the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00534-00132603-00132848 expansion of an ad by maharaja marthanda
cPG4ju-Au8E-00535-00132849-00133023 varma a member of the thrip a poor
cPG4ju-Au8E-00536-00133024-00133226 branch of the AI dynasty who ascended to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00537-00133227-00133870 the throne in the 18th century
cPG4ju-Au8E-00538-00133871-00134436 topic kingdom of cory code
cPG4ju-Au8E-00539-00134437-00134683 historical records regarding the origin
cPG4ju-Au8E-00540-00134684-00134854 of the Samba theory of quarry code is
cPG4ju-Au8E-00541-00134855-00134923 obscure
cPG4ju-Au8E-00542-00134924-00135178 however it's generally agreed that the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00543-00135179-00135361 Samba theory were originally the rulers
cPG4ju-Au8E-00544-00135362-00135571 of errol nadu region of the later sherek
cPG4ju-Au8E-00545-00135572-00135741 kingdom and were known as the aratus
cPG4ju-Au8E-00546-00135742-00136027 errol nadu province was situated in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00547-00136028-00136234 northern parts of present-day Malappuram
cPG4ju-Au8E-00548-00136235-00136420 district and was landlocked by the velu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00549-00136421-00136720 Vinod and pala Nadu in the West legends
cPG4ju-Au8E-00550-00136721-00136915 such as the origin of Kerala tell the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00551-00136916-00137131 establishment of a local ruling family
cPG4ju-Au8E-00552-00137132-00137341 at neti rapoo near present-day Condotti
cPG4ju-Au8E-00553-00137342-00137545 by two young brothers belonging to the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00554-00137546-00137833 arathi clan the brothers Manikonda and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00555-00137834-00138028 Vickerman were the most trusted generals
cPG4ju-Au8E-00556-00138029-00138367 in the army of the Charis MGS narayan on
cPG4ju-Au8E-00557-00138368-00138601 a Kerala based historian in his book
cPG4ju-Au8E-00558-00138602-00138823 callicut the city of truth states that
cPG4ju-Au8E-00559-00138824-00138991 the arathi was a favorite of the last
cPG4ju-Au8E-00560-00138992-00139192 later Sherratt King and granted him as a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00561-00139193-00139429 mark of favor a small tract of land on
cPG4ju-Au8E-00562-00139430-00139585 the Seacoast in addition to his
cPG4ju-Au8E-00563-00139586-00139765 hereditary possessions errol madhu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00564-00139766-00140068 province aratus subsequently moved their
cPG4ju-Au8E-00565-00140069-00140272 capital to the coastal marshlands and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00566-00140273-00140455 established the kingdom of quarry code
cPG4ju-Au8E-00567-00140456-00140626 they later assumed the title of Sam
cPG4ju-Au8E-00568-00140627-00140857 Udrih Terry one who has the sea for his
cPG4ju-Au8E-00569-00140858-00141124 border and continued to rule from quarry
cPG4ju-Au8E-00570-00141125-00141472 code sama theory allied with Muslim Arab
cPG4ju-Au8E-00571-00141473-00141667 and Chinese merchants and used most of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00572-00141668-00141844 the wealth from quarry code to develop
cPG4ju-Au8E-00573-00141845-00142096 his military power they became the most
cPG4ju-Au8E-00574-00142097-00142327 powerful King in the Malayalam speaking
cPG4ju-Au8E-00575-00142328-00142582 regions during the Middle Ages in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00576-00142583-00142828 14th century quarry code conquered large
cPG4ju-Au8E-00577-00142829-00143041 parts of central Kerala which was under
cPG4ju-Au8E-00578-00143042-00143206 the control of the king of kingdom of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00579-00143207-00143497 Kochi he was forced to shift his capital
cPG4ju-Au8E-00580-00143498-00143932 C ad 1405 further south in the 15th
cPG4ju-Au8E-00581-00143933-00144130 century coach he was reduced into a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00582-00144131-00144784 vassal state of quarry code
cPG4ju-Au8E-00583-00144785-00145350 topic colonial period
cPG4ju-Au8E-00584-00145351-00145608 the maritime spice trade monopoly in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00585-00145609-00145778 Indian Ocean stayed with the Arabs
cPG4ju-Au8E-00586-00145779-00145977 during the high in late Middle Ages
cPG4ju-Au8E-00587-00145978-00146223 however the dominance of Middle East
cPG4ju-Au8E-00588-00146224-00146415 traders was challenged in the European
cPG4ju-Au8E-00589-00146416-00146526 Age of Discovery
cPG4ju-Au8E-00590-00146527-00146847 after Vasco da Gama's arrival in cap had
cPG4ju-Au8E-00591-00146848-00147147 quarry code in 1498 the Portuguese began
cPG4ju-Au8E-00592-00147148-00147318 to dominate Eastern shipping and the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00593-00147319-00147934 spice trade in particular
cPG4ju-Au8E-00594-00147935-00148481 topic Portuguese period
cPG4ju-Au8E-00595-00148482-00148739 the Samuel Erie Maharaja of quarry code
cPG4ju-Au8E-00596-00148740-00148913 permitted the Portuguese to trade with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00597-00148914-00149183 his subjects their trade in quarry code
cPG4ju-Au8E-00598-00149184-00149375 prospered with the establishment of a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00599-00149376-00149576 factory in Fort in his territory
cPG4ju-Au8E-00600-00149577-00149846 however Portuguese attacks on Arab
cPG4ju-Au8E-00601-00149847-00150044 properties in his jurisdiction provoked
cPG4ju-Au8E-00602-00150045-00150218 the sama theory and finally led to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00603-00150219-00150476 conflict the Portuguese took advantage
cPG4ju-Au8E-00604-00150477-00150671 of the rivalry between the sama theory
cPG4ju-Au8E-00605-00150672-00150908 and Rajah of Kochi they allied with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00606-00150909-00151136 Kochi and when Francisco de Almeida was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00607-00151137-00151364 appointed Viceroy of Portuguese India in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00608-00151365-00151637 1505 he established his headquarters at
cPG4ju-Au8E-00609-00151638-00151919 Kochi during his reign the Portuguese
cPG4ju-Au8E-00610-00151920-00152141 managed to dominate relations with Kochi
cPG4ju-Au8E-00611-00152142-00152324 and established a number of fortresses
cPG4ju-Au8E-00612-00152325-00152621 along the Malabar Coast nonetheless the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00613-00152622-00152843 Portuguese suffered severe setbacks due
cPG4ju-Au8E-00614-00152844-00153053 to attacks by Samuel Erie Maharaja's
cPG4ju-Au8E-00615-00153054-00153290 forces especially naval attacks under
cPG4ju-Au8E-00616-00153291-00153458 the leadership of Admirals of quarry
cPG4ju-Au8E-00617-00153459-00153683 code known as Khun Jolly Mara cars which
cPG4ju-Au8E-00618-00153684-00153935 compelled them to seek a treaty the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00619-00153936-00154169 Portuguese Cemetery column after the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00620-00154170-00154346 invasion of Dutch it became Dutch
cPG4ju-Au8E-00621-00154347-00154592 cemetery of tanga Surrey in kalam city
cPG4ju-Au8E-00622-00154593-00154868 was constructed in around 1519 as part
cPG4ju-Au8E-00623-00154869-00155077 of the Portuguese invasion in the city
cPG4ju-Au8E-00624-00155078-00155333 Buckingham canal a small canal between
cPG4ju-Au8E-00625-00155334-00155552 tango Surrey lighthouse in the cemetery
cPG4ju-Au8E-00626-00155553-00155786 is situated very close to the Portuguese
cPG4ju-Au8E-00627-00155787-00156086 cemetery a group of pirates known as the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00628-00156087-00156299 Pirates of tango Cerie formerly lived at
cPG4ju-Au8E-00629-00156300-00156575 the cemetery the remnants of st. Thomas
cPG4ju-Au8E-00630-00156576-00156815 fort and Portuguese cemetery still exist
cPG4ju-Au8E-00631-00156816-00157375 at tango Cerie
cPG4ju-Au8E-00632-00157376-00157948 topic French region in Kerala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00633-00157949-00158146 the French East India Company
cPG4ju-Au8E-00634-00158147-00158352 constructed a fort on the site of Maya
cPG4ju-Au8E-00635-00158353-00158632 in 1724 in accordance with an accord
cPG4ju-Au8E-00636-00158633-00158826 concluded between and Ray Milland and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00637-00158827-00159031 and Raja vajna vara bad agora three
cPG4ju-Au8E-00638-00159032-00159397 years earlier in 1741 Maya de la
cPG4ju-Au8E-00639-00159398-00159571 Bourdonnais Zrii took the town after a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00640-00159572-00159924 period of occupation by the mirada's in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00641-00159925-00160261 1761 the British captured my India and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00642-00160262-00160426 the settlement was handed over to the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00643-00160427-00160677 Raja of Kavitha Nadu the British
cPG4ju-Au8E-00644-00160678-00160900 restored my a India to the French as a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00645-00160901-00161364 part of the 1763 Treaty of Paris in 1779
cPG4ju-Au8E-00646-00161365-00161628 the anglo-french war broke out resulting
cPG4ju-Au8E-00647-00161629-00162003 in the French loss of my India in 1783
cPG4ju-Au8E-00648-00162004-00162208 the British agreed to restore to the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00649-00162209-00162402 French their settlements in India and my
cPG4ju-Au8E-00650-00162403-00162615 India was handed over to the French in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00651-00162616-00163111 1785
cPG4ju-Au8E-00652-00163112-00163621 topic Dutch period
cPG4ju-Au8E-00653-00163622-00163854 the weakened Portuguese were ousted by
cPG4ju-Au8E-00654-00163855-00164044 the Dutch East India Company who took
cPG4ju-Au8E-00655-00164045-00164229 advantage of continuing conflicts
cPG4ju-Au8E-00656-00164230-00164419 between quarry code and Kochi to gain
cPG4ju-Au8E-00657-00164420-00164709 control of the trade the Dutch Malabar
cPG4ju-Au8E-00658-00164710-00165085 1661 to 1795 in turn were weakened by
cPG4ju-Au8E-00659-00165086-00165271 their constant battles with marthanda
cPG4ju-Au8E-00660-00165272-00165486 varma of the Travancore royal family and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00661-00165487-00165619 were defeated at the battle of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00662-00165620-00165895 collateral in 1741 resulting in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00663-00165896-00166065 complete eclipse of dutch power in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00664-00166066-00166348 Malabar the Treaty of malacara was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00665-00166349-00166527 signed by the Dutch in Travancore in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00666-00166528-00166795 1753 according to which the Dutch were
cPG4ju-Au8E-00667-00166796-00166993 compelled to detach from all political
cPG4ju-Au8E-00668-00166994-00167124 involvement in the region
cPG4ju-Au8E-00669-00167125-00167410 in the meantime marthanda varma and next
cPG4ju-Au8E-00670-00167411-00167589 many smaller northern kingdoms through
cPG4ju-Au8E-00671-00167590-00167811 military conquests resulting in the rise
cPG4ju-Au8E-00672-00167812-00167979 of Travancore to a position of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00673-00167980-00168256 preeminence in kerala Hyder Ali of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00674-00168257-00168469 Mysore conquered northern Kerala in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00675-00168470-00168723 18th century capturing quarry code in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00676-00168724-00169316 1766
cPG4ju-Au8E-00677-00169317-00169836 topic British period
cPG4ju-Au8E-00678-00169837-00170133 Hyder Ali and his successor Tipu Sultan
cPG4ju-Au8E-00679-00170134-00170303 came into conflict with the British
cPG4ju-Au8E-00680-00170304-00170514 leading to the four anglo-mysore wars
cPG4ju-Au8E-00681-00170515-00170690 fought across southern India in the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00682-00170691-00170878 latter half of the 18th century
cPG4ju-Au8E-00683-00170879-00171176 Tipu Sultan ceded Malabar district to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00684-00171177-00171440 the British in 1792 and south canara
cPG4ju-Au8E-00685-00171441-00171660 which included present-day Kazakh
cPG4ju-Au8E-00686-00171661-00172026 district in 1799 the British concluded
cPG4ju-Au8E-00687-00172027-00172239 treaties of subsidiary alliance with the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00688-00172240-00172552 rulers of Cochin 1791 and Travancore
cPG4ju-Au8E-00689-00172553-00172848 1795 and these became princely states of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00690-00172849-00173063 British India maintaining local autonomy
cPG4ju-Au8E-00691-00173064-00173303 in return for a fixed annual tribute to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00692-00173304-00173550 the British Malabar and south canara
cPG4ju-Au8E-00693-00173551-00173763 districts were part of British India's
cPG4ju-Au8E-00694-00173764-00174128 Madras Presidency kerala varma passatti
cPG4ju-Au8E-00695-00174129-00174179 raja
cPG4ju-Au8E-00696-00174180-00174498 Curl varma peach raja koji oda raja the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00697-00174499-00174815 3rd of january 1753 to the 30th of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00698-00174816-00175088 november 1805 was the Prince Regent and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00699-00175089-00175313 the de facto ruler of the kingdom of KTM
cPG4ju-Au8E-00700-00175314-00175695 in Malabar India between 1774 and 1805
cPG4ju-Au8E-00701-00175696-00175962 he led the PI Chi rebellion where not
cPG4ju-Au8E-00702-00175963-00176201 insurrection code a war against the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00703-00176202-00176445 English East India Company he is
cPG4ju-Au8E-00704-00176446-00176685 popularly known as Kerala Simha Lion of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00705-00176686-00176970 Kerala organized expressions of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00706-00176971-00177159 discontent with British rule were not
cPG4ju-Au8E-00707-00177160-00177456 uncommon in Kerala uprisings of note
cPG4ju-Au8E-00708-00177457-00177665 include the rebellion by pizzazzy Raja
cPG4ju-Au8E-00709-00177666-00177912 velu thampi dalawa and the Panna prevail
cPG4ju-Au8E-00710-00177913-00178388 our revolt of 1946 in 1919 consequent to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00711-00178389-00178596 their victory in World War 1 the British
cPG4ju-Au8E-00712-00178597-00178790 abolished the Islamic caliphate and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00713-00178791-00179031 dismembered the Ottoman Empire this
cPG4ju-Au8E-00714-00179032-00179220 resulted in protests against the British
cPG4ju-Au8E-00715-00179221-00179406 by Muslims of the Indian subcontinent
cPG4ju-Au8E-00716-00179407-00179649 known as the Khilafat movement which was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00717-00179650-00179868 supported by Mahatma Gandhi in order to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00718-00179869-00180006 draw the Muslims into the mainstream
cPG4ju-Au8E-00719-00180007-00180377 national independence movement in 1921
cPG4ju-Au8E-00720-00180378-00180570 the Khilafat movement in Malabar
cPG4ju-Au8E-00721-00180571-00180801 culminated in widespread riots against
cPG4ju-Au8E-00722-00180802-00180941 the British government and Hindu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00723-00180942-00181131 population in what is now known as the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00724-00181132-00181443 mocha rebellion Kerala also witnessed
cPG4ju-Au8E-00725-00181444-00181628 several social reforms movements
cPG4ju-Au8E-00726-00181629-00181836 directed at the eradication of social
cPG4ju-Au8E-00727-00181837-00182034 evils such as untouchability among the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00728-00182035-00182264 Hindus pioneered by reformists like Sri
cPG4ju-Au8E-00729-00182265-00182487 Narayana guru in Chatham Vaswani among
cPG4ju-Au8E-00730-00182488-00182733 others the nonviolent and largely
cPG4ju-Au8E-00731-00182734-00183038 peaceful vie comme satyagraha of 1924
cPG4ju-Au8E-00732-00183039-00183210 was instrumental in securing
cPG4ju-Au8E-00733-00183211-00183402 entry to the public roads adjacent to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00734-00183403-00183546 the vie comme temple for people
cPG4ju-Au8E-00735-00183547-00183918 belonging to untouchable castes in 1936
cPG4ju-Au8E-00736-00183919-00184173 sri chithi rity r''l Balaram of Armagh
cPG4ju-Au8E-00737-00184174-00184368 the ruler of Travancore issued the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00738-00184369-00184581 temple entry proclamation declaring the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00739-00184582-00184782 temples of his kingdom open to all hindu
cPG4ju-Au8E-00740-00184783-00185472 worshipers irrespective of caste
cPG4ju-Au8E-00741-00185473-00186018 topic modern history
cPG4ju-Au8E-00742-00186019-00186361 you
cPG4ju-Au8E-00743-00186362-00186955 topic formation of Kerala State
cPG4ju-Au8E-00744-00186956-00187165 the two independent kingdoms of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00745-00187166-00187369 travancore and cochin joined the union
cPG4ju-Au8E-00746-00187370-00187531 of India after India gained independence
cPG4ju-Au8E-00747-00187532-00188062 in 1947 on the 1st of July 1949 the two
cPG4ju-Au8E-00748-00188063-00188167 states were merged to form
cPG4ju-Au8E-00749-00188168-00188494 travancore-cochin on the 1st of January
cPG4ju-Au8E-00750-00188495-00188812 1950 travancore-cochin was recognized as
cPG4ju-Au8E-00751-00188813-00189055 a state the Madras Presidency was
cPG4ju-Au8E-00752-00189056-00189382 reorganized to form Madras State in 1947
cPG4ju-Au8E-00753-00189383-00189793 on the 1st of November 1956 the state of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00754-00189794-00189955 Kerala was formed by the state's
cPG4ju-Au8E-00755-00189956-00190177 reorganisation act merging the Malabar
cPG4ju-Au8E-00756-00190178-00190444 district travancore-cochin excluding for
cPG4ju-Au8E-00757-00190445-00190630 southern tal --ax which were merged with
cPG4ju-Au8E-00758-00190631-00190846 Tamil Nadu and the taluk of Kassar got
cPG4ju-Au8E-00759-00190847-00191236 south canara in 1957 elections for the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00760-00191237-00191443 new Kerala Legislative Assembly were
cPG4ju-Au8E-00761-00191444-00191638 held and a reformist communist-led
cPG4ju-Au8E-00762-00191639-00191860 government came to power under EMS
cPG4ju-Au8E-00763-00191861-00192127 Namboodiripad it was the first time a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00764-00192128-00192328 communist government was democratically
cPG4ju-Au8E-00765-00192329-00192514 elected to power anywhere in the world
cPG4ju-Au8E-00766-00192515-00192820 it initiated pioneering land reforms
cPG4ju-Au8E-00767-00192821-00193000 leading to lowest levels of rural
cPG4ju-Au8E-00768-00193001-00193574 poverty in India
cPG4ju-Au8E-00769-00193575-00194123 topic liberation struggle
cPG4ju-Au8E-00770-00194124-00194348 it refused to nationalize the large
cPG4ju-Au8E-00771-00194349-00194555 estates but did provide reforms to
cPG4ju-Au8E-00772-00194556-00194771 protect manual laborers and farm workers
cPG4ju-Au8E-00773-00194772-00194966 and invited capitalists to set up
cPG4ju-Au8E-00774-00194967-00195251 industry much more controversial was an
cPG4ju-Au8E-00775-00195252-00195434 effort to impose state control on
cPG4ju-Au8E-00776-00195435-00195647 private schools such as those run by the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00777-00195648-00195830 Christians and the nares which enrolled
cPG4ju-Au8E-00778-00195831-00196148 40% of the students the Christians the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00779-00196149-00196328 land owning communities of marés and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00780-00196329-00196508 Nampa theories and the Congress party
cPG4ju-Au8E-00781-00196509-00196724 protested with demonstrations numbering
cPG4ju-Au8E-00782-00196725-00196904 in the tens and hundreds of thousands of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00783-00196905-00197135 people the government controlled the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00784-00197136-00197462 police which made 150,000 arrests often
cPG4ju-Au8E-00785-00197463-00197660 the same people arrested time and again
cPG4ju-Au8E-00786-00197661-00197990 and used 248 lat to beat back the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00787-00197991-00198296 demonstrators killing 20 the opposition
cPG4ju-Au8E-00788-00198297-00198440 called on Prime Minister Jawaharlal
cPG4ju-Au8E-00789-00198441-00198659 Nehru to seize control of the state
cPG4ju-Au8E-00790-00198660-00198935 government Nehru was reluctant but when
cPG4ju-Au8E-00791-00198936-00199151 his daughter Indira Gandhi the national
cPG4ju-Au8E-00792-00199152-00199364 head of the Congress party joined in he
cPG4ju-Au8E-00793-00199365-00199733 finally did so new elections in 1959
cPG4ju-Au8E-00794-00199734-00199934 cost the Communists most of their seats
cPG4ju-Au8E-00795-00199935-00200574 and Congress resumed control
cPG4ju-Au8E-00796-00200575-00201109 topic coalition politics
cPG4ju-Au8E-00797-00201110-00201551 later in 1967 282 Kerala elected a
cPG4ju-Au8E-00798-00201552-00201770 series of leftist coalition governments
cPG4ju-Au8E-00799-00201771-00202018 the most stable was that led by a tooth
cPG4ju-Au8E-00800-00202019-00202568 amenity 9 - 1977 from 1967 to 1970 coup
cPG4ju-Au8E-00801-00202569-00202727 Nikhil Narayan on led a Naxalite
cPG4ju-Au8E-00802-00202728-00202991 movement in Kerala the theoretical
cPG4ju-Au8E-00803-00202992-00203315 difference in the Communist Party ie CPM
cPG4ju-Au8E-00804-00203316-00203513 as the part of the uprising of Naxalbari
cPG4ju-Au8E-00805-00203514-00203735 movement in Bengal which leads to the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00806-00203736-00204035 formation of CPI ml in India due to the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00807-00204036-00204227 several difference in the ideological
cPG4ju-Au8E-00808-00204228-00204452 level the CPI ml split into several
cPG4ju-Au8E-00809-00204453-00204731 groups some are come to the Democratic
cPG4ju-Au8E-00810-00204732-00204923 way and some to the extreme and Arctic
cPG4ju-Au8E-00811-00204923-00205198 way the violence alienated public
cPG4ju-Au8E-00812-00205200-00205388 opinion the political alliance have
cPG4ju-Au8E-00813-00205389-00205573 strongly stabilized in such a manner
cPG4ju-Au8E-00814-00205575-00205771 that with rare exceptions most of the
cPG4ju-Au8E-00815-00205773-00205955 coalition partners stick their loyalty
cPG4ju-Au8E-00816-00205956-00206242 to the alliance as a result to this ever
cPG4ju-Au8E-00817-00206244-00206531 since 1979 the power has been clearly
cPG4ju-Au8E-00818-00206532-00206714 alternating between these two fronts
cPG4ju-Au8E-00819-00206715-00207017 without any change politics in Kerala is
cPG4ju-Au8E-00820-00207017-00207217 characterized by continually shifting
cPG4ju-Au8E-00821-00207219-00207425 alliances party mergers and splits
cPG4ju-Au8E-00822-00207426-00207650 factionalism within the coalition's and
cPG4ju-Au8E-00823-00207651-00207839 within political parties and numerous
cPG4ju-Au8E-00824-00207840-00208052 splinter groups modern politics in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00825-00208053-00208250 Kerala is dominated by two political
cPG4ju-Au8E-00826-00208251-00208487 fronts the Communist Party led left
cPG4ju-Au8E-00827-00208488-00208736 Democratic Front LDF and the Indian
cPG4ju-Au8E-00828-00208737-00208928 National Congress led United Democratic
cPG4ju-Au8E-00829-00208929-00209375 Front UDF since the late 1970s these two
cPG4ju-Au8E-00830-00209376-00209579 parties have alternating in power since
cPG4ju-Au8E-00831-00209580-00209698 1982
cPG4ju-Au8E-00832-00209700-00209912 most of the major political parties in
cPG4ju-Au8E-00833-00209913-00210146 Kerala except for Bharatiya Janata Party
cPG4ju-Au8E-00834-00210146-00210410 BJP belonged to one or the other of
cPG4ju-Au8E-00835-00210411-00210614 these two alliances often shifting
cPG4ju-Au8E-00836-00210615-00210884 allegiances a number of time according
cPG4ju-Au8E-00837-00210885-00211148 to 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly
cPG4ju-Au8E-00838-00211148-00211376 election results the LDF has a majority
cPG4ju-Au8E-00839-00211377-00212135 in the state assembly seats 91 140th
cPG4ju-Au8E-00840-00212136-00212669 topic see also
cPG4ju-Au8E-00841-00212669-00213103 culture of Kerala economy of Kerala
cPG4ju-Au8E-00842-00213104-00213650 geography of Kerala cuisine of Kerala
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00000-00000065-00000488 hello youtube if you had this problem
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00001-00000488-00000701 where you're going to where you can't
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00002-00000702-00001211 fall far port forward for Minecraft like
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00003-00001212-00001462 I have from the belkin router I have
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00004-00001463-00001751 family solution without having to use
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00005-00001752-00002076 hamachi alright so here's my MC admin
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00006-00002077-00002663 server I'm gonna start out I'm going to
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00007-00002664-00003706 go into my web browser here and go to ww
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00008-00003707-00004495 what's my IP dot net press ENTER and
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00009-00004496-00004742 this one's good laps left because you
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00010-00004743-00004897 can just click coffee to keep the
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00011-00004898-00005177 clipboard then you're going to go into
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00012-00005178-00005420 your Minecraft this might be a bit slow
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00013-00005421-00005686 because I'm holder on the server the
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00014-00005687-00005933 video program and mine graph at the same
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00015-00005934-00006510 time you can close your web browser
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00016-00006511-00007048 going to multiplayer right click you
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00017-00007050-00007403 can't right click if you do ctrl V you
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00018-00007404-00007995 can paste it end and click connect
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00019-00007997-00008599 it will log in right that was showing
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00020-00008600-00009028 you it works now we're going to actually
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00021-00009029-00009346 show you how to fall forward right so I
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00022-00009347-00009808 pitiful web browser and go on your Start
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00023-00009809-00010491 menu cmd-click enter into IP config
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00024-00010492-00011032 press ENTER sprawl a bit to you find
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00025-00011033-00011482 something like wireless LAN adapter why
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00026-00011483-00011626 doesn't it work make sure it should say
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00027-00011627-00011962 connection specific DNS suffix belkin if
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00028-00011963-00012181 you've got obviously the freezing you'd
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00029-00012182-00012307 be watching this area is because you've
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00030-00012308-00012640 got Vulcan so you're going to find the
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00031-00012641-00013018 default gateway which 192 168 11 so in
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00032-00013019-00013608 my case 0 19 to 8 16 168 point 1 point 1
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00033-00013609-00014008 enter should be no passwords and click
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00034-00014009-00014308 Submit then you're going to go to foil
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00035-00014309-00014703 under firewalls remove virtual sales and
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00036-00014704-00015063 you're going to cut in lamb like reverse
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00037-00015065-00015256 its own IP address you're going to get
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00038-00015257-00015647 back on to head and clipped the ipv4
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00039-00015648-00016033 address the last digit after one point
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00040-00016034-00016419 something 1.7 in my case put Minecraft
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00041-00016420-00017233 and put it as TCP and to 55 65 255 65
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00042-00017234-00017784 and able same here but with UDP and
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00043-00017785-00018303 click apply and then you do what's at
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00044-00018304-00018433 the start of the video thanks for
cTqHu1GNTJ8-00045-00018434-00018645 watching
cX-JkQP_5_o-00000-00000492-00000707 everyone
cX-JkQP_5_o-00001-00000708-00000966 yeah
cX-JkQP_5_o-00002-00000967-00001249 okay so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00003-00001250-00001523 my one's a bit different a bit of a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00004-00001524-00001721 different take on community
cX-JkQP_5_o-00005-00001722-00002047 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00006-00002048-00002291 thank you yeah my one's a bit different
cX-JkQP_5_o-00007-00002292-00002471 instead of looking at student
cX-JkQP_5_o-00008-00002472-00002687 communities or teaching and learning
cX-JkQP_5_o-00009-00002688-00002897 communities my one was looking at
cX-JkQP_5_o-00010-00002898-00003245 um a new kind of community for us as
cX-JkQP_5_o-00011-00003246-00003454 learning technologists
cX-JkQP_5_o-00012-00003455-00003749 um in the Performing Arts conservatoire
cX-JkQP_5_o-00013-00003750-00004006 sector sorry this is a as you might tell
cX-JkQP_5_o-00014-00004007-00004331 by the hastily crossed out 4C 2022 this
cX-JkQP_5_o-00015-00004332-00004613 is a thing I I did there and I you know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00016-00004614-00004841 kind of you know when we were looking
cX-JkQP_5_o-00017-00004842-00005056 for presentations I kind of said rashley
cX-JkQP_5_o-00018-00005057-00005327 said I do this so um trying to remember
cX-JkQP_5_o-00019-00005328-00005711 what I said that meeting but hey
cX-JkQP_5_o-00020-00005712-00005891 um yeah let's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00021-00005892-00006293 get on to there so me yeah learning
cX-JkQP_5_o-00022-00006294-00006454 technologist in higher education with
cX-JkQP_5_o-00023-00006455-00006742 over 27 years experience mixture of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00024-00006743-00006917 Hands-On management roles in football
cX-JkQP_5_o-00025-00006918-00007264 Specialists and large Unis and I joined
cX-JkQP_5_o-00026-00007265-00007523 the guildhall school as their sole the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00027-00007523-00007763 learning technologist it has Moodle it's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00028-00007764-00007967 my problem right
cX-JkQP_5_o-00029-00007968-00008587 um in July 2021 and I'm still rare
cX-JkQP_5_o-00030-00008588-00008819 working out of the wig Workshop if
cX-JkQP_5_o-00031-00008820-00008999 anybody wants to know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00032-00009000-00009124 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00033-00009125-00009395 but yes I'm still making the business
cX-JkQP_5_o-00034-00009396-00009731 case for an additional person not not
cX-JkQP_5_o-00035-00009732-00009977 there yet but I'll get there
cX-JkQP_5_o-00036-00009978-00010342 um okay so Performing Arts conservatives
cX-JkQP_5_o-00037-00010343-00010474 um there's a bit of a difference of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00038-00010475-00010667 approach in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00039-00010668-00010937 how conservatorials conceive their
cX-JkQP_5_o-00040-00010938-00011183 delivery of teaching and learning two
cX-JkQP_5_o-00041-00011184-00011356 definitions there one from conservatives
cX-JkQP_5_o-00042-00011357-00011669 UK and the other from ucas and I think
cX-JkQP_5_o-00043-00011670-00011896 the bit that I would pick out has been
cX-JkQP_5_o-00044-00011897-00012137 really important is that kind of last
cX-JkQP_5_o-00045-00012138-00012419 bit from conservatives UK where it says
cX-JkQP_5_o-00046-00012420-00012587 um you know so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00047-00012588-00012851 dance acting instrumental vocal
cX-JkQP_5_o-00048-00012852-00012983 performance
cX-JkQP_5_o-00049-00012984-00013060 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00050-00013061-00013330 they are taught at both universities and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00051-00013331-00013547 conservatives but as you'd expect the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00052-00013547-00013780 conservatoire emphasis is more on the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00053-00013781-00014057 Practical and Vocational aspect of that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00054-00014058-00014344 performance underpinned
cX-JkQP_5_o-00055-00014345-00014525 um through academic
cX-JkQP_5_o-00056-00014526-00014797 coursework and other things that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00057-00014797-00014980 students are
cX-JkQP_5_o-00058-00014981-00015244 you know academically required to do and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00059-00015245-00015383 deliver
cX-JkQP_5_o-00060-00015384-00015647 um but you know essentially it's uh you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00061-00015647-00015916 know refining their craft
cX-JkQP_5_o-00062-00015918-00016271 becoming the world's next best uh you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00063-00016272-00016480 know leading soprano or whatever it is
cX-JkQP_5_o-00064-00016481-00016853 that we we happen to be training them in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00065-00016854-00016936 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00066-00016937-00017135 so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00067-00017136-00017489 thinking about our peers networks as
cX-JkQP_5_o-00068-00017490-00017675 learning technologists then what have we
cX-JkQP_5_o-00069-00017676-00017758 got
cX-JkQP_5_o-00070-00017759-00018017 well we've got things like uh early
cX-JkQP_5_o-00071-00018018-00018257 career learning Technology Group on
cX-JkQP_5_o-00072-00018258-00018539 LinkedIn that's at one end of the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00073-00018540-00018719 experience Spectrum at the other end
cX-JkQP_5_o-00074-00018720-00018886 we've got the kind of heads of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00075-00018887-00019144 e-learning forum
cX-JkQP_5_o-00076-00019145-00019505 um for people that are fairly senior
cX-JkQP_5_o-00077-00019506-00019822 kind of leadership role uh We've also
cX-JkQP_5_o-00078-00019823-00019979 got things around particular
cX-JkQP_5_o-00079-00019980-00020177 Technologies so there's a come up to
cX-JkQP_5_o-00080-00020178-00020363 User Group there's an instructor
cX-JkQP_5_o-00081-00020364-00020507 Community for those people that use
cX-JkQP_5_o-00082-00020508-00020639 canvas
cX-JkQP_5_o-00083-00020640-00020767 through his
cX-JkQP_5_o-00084-00020768-00021167 man sorry I used it for a year in one
cX-JkQP_5_o-00085-00021168-00021413 place and ran away screaming
cX-JkQP_5_o-00086-00021414-00021647 um and also Moodle moot for anybody who
cX-JkQP_5_o-00087-00021648-00021839 uses Moodle
cX-JkQP_5_o-00088-00021840-00021935 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00089-00021936-00022144 and there's the Moodle use of grouping
cX-JkQP_5_o-00090-00022145-00022517 in London we've also got the alt groups
cX-JkQP_5_o-00091-00022518-00022661 I don't need to talk about those because
cX-JkQP_5_o-00092-00022662-00022817 we are one of them here in this room
cX-JkQP_5_o-00093-00022818-00023063 there's also other groups like you know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00094-00023064-00023230 the Learning Network and things like
cX-JkQP_5_o-00095-00023231-00023399 that but
cX-JkQP_5_o-00096-00023400-00023603 um if I was to think about
cX-JkQP_5_o-00097-00023604-00023878 specifically what there is in the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00098-00023879-00024371 conservative Arts sector
cX-JkQP_5_o-00099-00024372-00024599 I joined it you know I joined a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00100-00024600-00024886 conservatoire you know when I did looked
cX-JkQP_5_o-00101-00024887-00025199 around for my peers and thought Oh
cX-JkQP_5_o-00102-00025200-00025336 right
cX-JkQP_5_o-00103-00025337-00025612 there are other places out there
cX-JkQP_5_o-00104-00025613-00025793 who's talking to anyone
cX-JkQP_5_o-00105-00025794-00026152 there are a couple of just male lifts
cX-JkQP_5_o-00106-00026154-00026249 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00107-00026250-00026518 one I found for e-learning and music and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00108-00026519-00026758 dance and things like that and there
cX-JkQP_5_o-00109-00026760-00026939 were two people on the list one of whom
cX-JkQP_5_o-00110-00026939-00027124 worked another conservatoire in London
cX-JkQP_5_o-00111-00027125-00027305 and the other guy was in the room next
cX-JkQP_5_o-00112-00027306-00027562 door
cX-JkQP_5_o-00113-00027563-00027743 it was quite obvious that they weren't
cX-JkQP_5_o-00114-00027744-00027952 really talking to each other so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00115-00027954-00028240 I just thought you know okay
cX-JkQP_5_o-00116-00028241-00028408 how do I find out what's going on in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00117-00028410-00028612 this in this sector that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00118-00028613-00028961 I haven't really worked in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00119-00028962-00029261 officially uh before
cX-JkQP_5_o-00120-00029262-00029489 so I'll skip over the bit about learning
cX-JkQP_5_o-00121-00029489-00029633 Technologies and Leadership because that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00122-00029633-00029962 was the previous presentation
cX-JkQP_5_o-00123-00029963-00030287 so I decided to try and kind of pull
cX-JkQP_5_o-00124-00030288-00030617 together my own network of people in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00125-00030618-00030899 similar similar sectors you know similar
cX-JkQP_5_o-00126-00030900-00031289 institutions to me so I came up with
cX-JkQP_5_o-00127-00031289-00031451 this thing called inside the digital
cX-JkQP_5_o-00128-00031452-00031751 conservatoire
cX-JkQP_5_o-00129-00031752-00032058 um and it was hastily
cX-JkQP_5_o-00130-00032060-00032374 convened uh to try and establish a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00131-00032375-00032620 network of peers to share practice
cX-JkQP_5_o-00132-00032622-00032807 between institutions find out what's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00133-00032808-00032962 going on elsewhere you know you kind of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00134-00032963-00033167 you land in a place and you want to look
cX-JkQP_5_o-00135-00033168-00033389 map the landscape don't you where you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00136-00033390-00033821 fit in with your peers so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00137-00033822-00033893 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00138-00033894-00034259 you know I kind of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00139-00034260-00034468 had a chat with an old mate my Julian
cX-JkQP_5_o-00140-00034469-00034661 who was better used to work with as well
cX-JkQP_5_o-00141-00034662-00034943 and he said yes he would be
cX-JkQP_5_o-00142-00034944-00035171 um that kind of chair of the first
cX-JkQP_5_o-00143-00035172-00035483 meeting that was an impartial person to
cX-JkQP_5_o-00144-00035484-00035633 kind of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00145-00035634-00035855 steer the discussion ask the question
cX-JkQP_5_o-00146-00035856-00036077 without me certainly necessarily setting
cX-JkQP_5_o-00147-00036078-00036245 the agenda
cX-JkQP_5_o-00148-00036246-00036533 um and I basically put out posts on
cX-JkQP_5_o-00149-00036534-00036796 LinkedIn and just mail lists and you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00150-00036797-00036887 know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00151-00036888-00037073 found a bunch of people
cX-JkQP_5_o-00152-00037074-00037271 from places that wanted to come and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00153-00037272-00037649 share and talk and discuss and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00154-00037650-00037895 um yeah so we convened an online meeting
cX-JkQP_5_o-00155-00037896-00038146 with three major questions I think that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00156-00038147-00038351 we wanted to get a sense of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00157-00038352-00038585 um what are the kind of key technologies
cX-JkQP_5_o-00158-00038586-00038789 that they've used in the conservative
cX-JkQP_5_o-00159-00038790-00038962 Arts sectors
cX-JkQP_5_o-00160-00038963-00039268 um what's worked what hasn't
cX-JkQP_5_o-00161-00039269-00039449 um major challenges of the past two
cX-JkQP_5_o-00162-00039450-00039749 years I mean we've all got one right in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00163-00039750-00040090 the past three years now because and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00164-00040091-00040312 um what do we think the future event
cX-JkQP_5_o-00165-00040313-00040540 Tech looks like in the consumer concept
cX-JkQP_5_o-00166-00040541-00040745 and so a bit of looking back a bit of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00167-00040746-00041093 thinking this is where we are a bit of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00168-00041094-00041489 sticky ahead so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00169-00041490-00041861 as I said we leaned
cX-JkQP_5_o-00170-00041862-00042202 the meeting and there it is
cX-JkQP_5_o-00171-00042203-00042521 um it took place a year ago today
cX-JkQP_5_o-00172-00042522-00042905 so I could be somewhere else in an
cX-JkQP_5_o-00173-00042906-00043043 entirely different space with an
cX-JkQP_5_o-00174-00043044-00043468 entirely different people but um yeah so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00175-00043469-00043793 we had people from or college music box
cX-JkQP_5_o-00176-00043794-00044099 University Cambridge
cX-JkQP_5_o-00177-00044100-00044368 um Morley College
cX-JkQP_5_o-00178-00044369-00044507 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00179-00044508-00044723 and a few other other people
cX-JkQP_5_o-00180-00044724-00044908 um from other places and unfortunately I
cX-JkQP_5_o-00181-00044909-00045202 didn't remember to take the screenshot
cX-JkQP_5_o-00182-00045203-00045365 quite at the beginning when we had more
cX-JkQP_5_o-00183-00045366-00045545 people there but there's a there's a few
cX-JkQP_5_o-00184-00045546-00045695 of us there anyway
cX-JkQP_5_o-00185-00045696-00045977 so um it was online meeting
cX-JkQP_5_o-00186-00045978-00046174 scheduled for an hour last year did a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00187-00046175-00046445 couple of hours we had a lot to discuss
cX-JkQP_5_o-00188-00046446-00046780 you know we think so finally there's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00189-00046781-00046973 actually more of us out here than we we
cX-JkQP_5_o-00190-00046974-00047279 may be realized and taught actually we
cX-JkQP_5_o-00191-00047280-00047417 should we should be talking to each
cX-JkQP_5_o-00192-00047418-00047573 other we should be sharing what's going
cX-JkQP_5_o-00193-00047574-00047849 on in our kind of slightly crazy world
cX-JkQP_5_o-00194-00047850-00048143 of you know working out
cX-JkQP_5_o-00195-00048144-00048323 strange rooms that nobody thought the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00196-00048324-00048467 learning technology should ever be in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00197-00048468-00048755 you know when I started day one in my in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00198-00048756-00048971 my job and the first thing I had to do
cX-JkQP_5_o-00199-00048972-00049140 was to
cX-JkQP_5_o-00200-00049141-00049415 a load of Opera costumes
cX-JkQP_5_o-00201-00049416-00049721 so I could actually sit
cX-JkQP_5_o-00202-00049722-00050015 um somewhere in a seat and you know I
cX-JkQP_5_o-00203-00050016-00050207 turned up and there was somebody put a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00204-00050208-00050362 you know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00205-00050363-00050567 the mask the Queen of the Night in the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00206-00050568-00050705 top of my monitor and I thought no thank
cX-JkQP_5_o-00207-00050706-00050885 you this won't do
cX-JkQP_5_o-00208-00050886-00051089 um because you know it's just not my
cX-JkQP_5_o-00209-00051090-00051232 style
cX-JkQP_5_o-00210-00051233-00051616 um so there it is there it was
cX-JkQP_5_o-00211-00051617-00051796 and it was all good
cX-JkQP_5_o-00212-00051797-00052061 I think
cX-JkQP_5_o-00213-00052062-00052325 it led to a couple of outputs
cX-JkQP_5_o-00214-00052326-00052571 um one the one on the left there I did a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00215-00052572-00052888 bit of a a blog post thingy on our
cX-JkQP_5_o-00216-00052889-00053194 internet because we're quite
cX-JkQP_5_o-00217-00053195-00053416 small and very specialist and very
cX-JkQP_5_o-00218-00053417-00053638 quirky in the way we do things
cX-JkQP_5_o-00219-00053639-00053776 um yeah the only way you really
cX-JkQP_5_o-00220-00053777-00054023 publicize anything with Guild for school
cX-JkQP_5_o-00221-00054024-00054413 is via Michael
cX-JkQP_5_o-00222-00054414-00054611 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00223-00054612-00054859 principal Reddit
cX-JkQP_5_o-00224-00054860-00055175 and the other thing I've I've done which
cX-JkQP_5_o-00225-00055176-00055469 is still awaiting publication is I wrote
cX-JkQP_5_o-00226-00055470-00055769 a chapter in a special edition of a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00227-00055770-00056009 publication for Cedar about digital
cX-JkQP_5_o-00228-00056010-00056237 Technologies and practices for online
cX-JkQP_5_o-00229-00056238-00056813 teaching and learning in the sector so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00230-00056814-00057065 I've got a few things to come out of it
cX-JkQP_5_o-00231-00057066-00057280 and a lot of what happened in that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00232-00057282-00057485 meeting voices from the community as it
cX-JkQP_5_o-00233-00057486-00057653 were is reflected in that in that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00234-00057654-00057826 publication
cX-JkQP_5_o-00235-00057827-00057899 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00236-00057900-00058175 so that's quite uh an interesting thing
cX-JkQP_5_o-00237-00058176-00058373 to do and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00238-00058374-00058511 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00239-00058512-00058841 my line manager read that post about it
cX-JkQP_5_o-00240-00058841-00059250 and read a draft of it and said
cX-JkQP_5_o-00241-00059251-00059465 no one ever done this kind of stuff
cX-JkQP_5_o-00242-00059466-00059904 before
cX-JkQP_5_o-00243-00059905-00060203 really I guess then I thought well you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00244-00060204-00060359 know maybe we need to find out what's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00245-00060360-00060509 happening elsewhere and we need to work
cX-JkQP_5_o-00246-00060510-00060688 out what's going on and what we could be
cX-JkQP_5_o-00247-00060689-00061013 doing that you know crucially what are
cX-JkQP_5_o-00248-00061014-00061294 other places doing that we could also do
cX-JkQP_5_o-00249-00061295-00061504 with one learning technologist in a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00250-00061505-00061691 two-week Workshop
cX-JkQP_5_o-00251-00061691-00061973 and you did so
cX-JkQP_5_o-00252-00061974-00062092 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00253-00062094-00062249 it's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00254-00062250-00062609 um something I think that potentially
cX-JkQP_5_o-00255-00062610-00062819 could have a bit of leadership potential
cX-JkQP_5_o-00256-00062820-00063142 for the conservatoire sector if
cX-JkQP_5_o-00257-00063144-00063353 we took it further
cX-JkQP_5_o-00258-00063354-00063569 um so doing things like you know the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00259-00063570-00063742 regular diarized meetings and you know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00260-00063744-00063892 setting things up and getting some
cX-JkQP_5_o-00261-00063894-00064069 actual Community
cX-JkQP_5_o-00262-00064070-00064354 uh you know leadership in terms of you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00263-00064355-00064535 know this is what we want this is you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00264-00064536-00064673 know the things that we think we need to
cX-JkQP_5_o-00265-00064674-00064961 focus on that are specific to our areas
cX-JkQP_5_o-00266-00064962-00065237 and disciplines and you know actually
cX-JkQP_5_o-00267-00065238-00065555 what we could do what what's happened in
cX-JkQP_5_o-00268-00065556-00065699 the year since that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00269-00065700-00065909 first meeting took place is we've had a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00270-00065910-00066191 few smaller cluster meetings where I've
cX-JkQP_5_o-00271-00066192-00066406 gone out and actually met people yay
cX-JkQP_5_o-00272-00066407-00066605 that's always good isn't it
cX-JkQP_5_o-00273-00066606-00066803 um but you know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00274-00066804-00066935 um finding out
cX-JkQP_5_o-00275-00066936-00067175 more specific stuff around what they're
cX-JkQP_5_o-00276-00067176-00067397 doing with you know specific aspects of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00277-00067398-00067715 how they're doing
cX-JkQP_5_o-00278-00067716-00068021 you know quite Niche things for a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00279-00068022-00068350 particular group of students so um the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00280-00068351-00068609 meetings I had recently was with uh
cX-JkQP_5_o-00281-00068610-00068788 we'll call it in music where we were
cX-JkQP_5_o-00282-00068789-00068987 talking around you know actually
cX-JkQP_5_o-00283-00068988-00069311 how they're delivering uh Opera training
cX-JkQP_5_o-00284-00069312-00069750 online and things like that working with
cX-JkQP_5_o-00285-00069751-00070223 uh students in a studio uh maybe with an
cX-JkQP_5_o-00286-00070224-00070475 accompanist also there but having it
cX-JkQP_5_o-00287-00070476-00070679 being critiqued as it's happening by
cX-JkQP_5_o-00288-00070680-00070906 people online so all of that kind of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00289-00070907-00071147 thing we discussed
cX-JkQP_5_o-00290-00071148-00071219 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00291-00071220-00071519 and that's kind of it really
cX-JkQP_5_o-00292-00071520-00071885 but um yeah it's just the first step the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00293-00071886-00072113 initial
cX-JkQP_5_o-00294-00072114-00072311 starting point in terms of trying to
cX-JkQP_5_o-00295-00072312-00072653 find out any kind of you know what's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00296-00072654-00072743 going on
cX-JkQP_5_o-00297-00072744-00073037 where it could go from from here on and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00298-00073038-00073241 I think it's really a case of you know
cX-JkQP_5_o-00299-00073242-00073465 making those contacts maintaining
cX-JkQP_5_o-00300-00073466-00073744 nurturing them and kind of going okay
cX-JkQP_5_o-00301-00073745-00074044 this is what is the crucial thing for us
cX-JkQP_5_o-00302-00074045-00074356 as a kind of small
cX-JkQP_5_o-00303-00074357-00074705 subsector of the he community and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00304-00074706-00074897 working
cX-JkQP_5_o-00305-00074898-00075152 with that and sharing ideas
cX-JkQP_5_o-00306-00075153-00075388 [Music]
cX-JkQP_5_o-00307-00075389-00075617 okay I'll leave I'll leave it there
cX-JkQP_5_o-00308-00075618-00075803 actually so I think I've been really
cX-JkQP_5_o-00309-00075804-00076021 interested can you please thank you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00310-00076022-00076379 [Applause]
cX-JkQP_5_o-00311-00076380-00076600 by the apologies I've been locked out of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00312-00076601-00076787 the zoom so I lost the chat is there
cX-JkQP_5_o-00313-00076788-00077038 anything back in the zoom that any
cX-JkQP_5_o-00314-00077039-00077405 questions took ways and just that it
cX-JkQP_5_o-00315-00077406-00077531 would be nice to be surrounded by
cX-JkQP_5_o-00316-00077532-00077719 costumes and masks
cX-JkQP_5_o-00317-00077720-00078049 you can always come and work with me
cX-JkQP_5_o-00318-00078050-00078553 once I get that business goes through
cX-JkQP_5_o-00319-00078554-00079079 all right that's good HD yes he's kind
cX-JkQP_5_o-00320-00079080-00079265 of thing right
cX-JkQP_5_o-00321-00079266-00079523 um good question we've got quite a bit
cX-JkQP_5_o-00322-00079524-00079606 of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00323-00079607-00079925 um interest in joining Yogi uh to a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00324-00079926-00080069 Guild Hall at the minute which is quite
cX-JkQP_5_o-00325-00080070-00080273 quite fascinating because uh that's
cX-JkQP_5_o-00326-00080274-00080405 really come from our access and
cX-JkQP_5_o-00327-00080406-00080735 participation team who sit on the other
cX-JkQP_5_o-00328-00080736-00080981 side of the week Workshop from me
cX-JkQP_5_o-00329-00080982-00081203 um seriously they do
cX-JkQP_5_o-00330-00081204-00081437 um but you know uh
cX-JkQP_5_o-00331-00081438-00081706 you know it's something that I think you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00332-00081707-00081887 know yeah it's one of the things that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00333-00081888-00082006 may be
cX-JkQP_5_o-00334-00082007-00082241 places like us need to get better at
cX-JkQP_5_o-00335-00082242-00082438 it's been plugged in with some of those
cX-JkQP_5_o-00336-00082439-00082693 sector organizations that can actually
cX-JkQP_5_o-00337-00082694-00082973 join us into those conversations at a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00338-00082974-00083267 more senior level effectively
cX-JkQP_5_o-00339-00083268-00083338 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00340-00083339-00083693 and I think maybe it's a bit of
cX-JkQP_5_o-00341-00083694-00083843 um
cX-JkQP_5_o-00342-00083844-00084065 a bit of you know something that we need
cX-JkQP_5_o-00343-00084066-00084215 to do better
cX-JkQP_5_o-00344-00084216-00084431 there's maybe a lot of conservative Mass
cX-JkQP_5_o-00345-00084432-00084731 sector places haven't really been a
cX-JkQP_5_o-00346-00084732-00084917 large part of you know the wideration
cX-JkQP_5_o-00347-00084918-00085115 community
cX-JkQP_5_o-00348-00085116-00085288 um you know that she needs to do a bit
cX-JkQP_5_o-00349-00085289-00085493 better and that was in a really small
cX-JkQP_5_o-00350-00085494-00085655 specialist place that focused on the
cX-JkQP_5_o-00351-00085656-00085859 instructions before here so I feel good
cX-JkQP_5_o-00352-00085860-00086135 I can feel your life
cX-JkQP_5_o-00353-00086136-00086350 um but I was a bit disappointed that
cX-JkQP_5_o-00354-00086351-00086531 girl that she didn't really because you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00355-00086532-00086669 know it's just full of subjects which
cX-JkQP_5_o-00356-00086670-00086873 are like you can't do that online you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00357-00086874-00087155 know and so I think more voices have
cX-JkQP_5_o-00358-00087156-00087323 been about the search organization would
cX-JkQP_5_o-00359-00087324-00087485 be pretty good
cX-JkQP_5_o-00360-00087486-00087682 I think it's something we're we're
cX-JkQP_5_o-00361-00087683-00087997 seriously looking at as an organization
cX-JkQP_5_o-00362-00087998-00088199 how we
cX-JkQP_5_o-00363-00088200-00088576 you know position ourselves where you
cX-JkQP_5_o-00364-00088577-00088787 know what would be the best affiliations
cX-JkQP_5_o-00365-00088788-00089038 to have and how we take that forward but
cX-JkQP_5_o-00366-00089039-00089336 yeah it's on the agenda
cYPjAZ3LlIA-00001-00004384-00004592 you
cZmbWBdTWvE-00000-00000130-00001574 [Music]
cZmbWBdTWvE-00001-00001575-00002756 my
cZmbWBdTWvE-00002-00002757-00004283 [Music]
cZmbWBdTWvE-00003-00004284-00004558 see
cZmbWBdTWvE-00004-00004559-00005092 [Music]
cZmbWBdTWvE-00005-00005093-00005741 [Music]
cZmbWBdTWvE-00006-00005742-00008483 [Music]
cZmbWBdTWvE-00007-00008484-00009883 yes
cZmbWBdTWvE-00008-00009884-00011283 control
cZmbWBdTWvE-00009-00011284-00012811 is
cZmbWBdTWvE-00010-00012812-00013724 [Music]
cZmbWBdTWvE-00011-00013725-00014083 [Music]
cZmbWBdTWvE-00012-00014084-00014290 oh
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cZmbWBdTWvE-00020-00022484-00022779 anyway
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cbnnPNTIdC0-00000-00000014-00000386 the John C Stennis Space Center SSC is a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00001-00000387-00000659 NASA rocket testing facility it is
cbnnPNTIdC0-00002-00000660-00000873 located in Hancock County Mississippi
cbnnPNTIdC0-00003-00000874-00001127 United States on the banks of the Pearl
cbnnPNTIdC0-00004-00001128-00001256 River at the Mississippi Louisiana
cbnnPNTIdC0-00005-00001257-00001657 border as of 2012 it is NASA's largest
cbnnPNTIdC0-00006-00001659-00001928 rocket engine test facility there are
cbnnPNTIdC0-00007-00001929-00002140 over 30 local state national
cbnnPNTIdC0-00008-00002141-00002342 international private and public
cbnnPNTIdC0-00009-00002343-00002609 companies and agencies using SSC for
cbnnPNTIdC0-00010-00002610-00003263 their rocket testing facilities
cbnnPNTIdC0-00011-00003264-00003765 topic history
cbnnPNTIdC0-00012-00003767-00003990 the initial requirements for NASA's
cbnnPNTIdC0-00013-00003992-00004192 proposed rocket testing facility
cbnnPNTIdC0-00014-00004193-00004384 required the site to be located between
cbnnPNTIdC0-00015-00004385-00004603 the Rockets manufacturing facility at
cbnnPNTIdC0-00016-00004604-00004831 Michoud assembly facility in eastern New
cbnnPNTIdC0-00017-00004832-00005061 Orleans Louisiana and the lunch facility
cbnnPNTIdC0-00018-00005062-00005235 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida
cbnnPNTIdC0-00019-00005236-00005581 also the site required barge access as
cbnnPNTIdC0-00020-00005582-00005754 the rocket motors to be tested for
cbnnPNTIdC0-00021-00005755-00005935 Apollo were too large for Overland
cbnnPNTIdC0-00022-00005936-00006039 transport
cbnnPNTIdC0-00023-00006040-00006282 additionally the Apollo motors were too
cbnnPNTIdC0-00024-00006283-00006459 loud to be tested at Marshall Space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00025-00006461-00006691 Flight centers existing test stands near
cbnnPNTIdC0-00026-00006692-00006984 Huntsville Alabama a more isolated sight
cbnnPNTIdC0-00027-00006986-00007276 was needed after an exhaustive site
cbnnPNTIdC0-00028-00007277-00007506 selection process that included reviews
cbnnPNTIdC0-00029-00007508-00007710 of other coastal locations including
cbnnPNTIdC0-00030-00007711-00007935 Eglin Air Force Base in Florida plus
cbnnPNTIdC0-00031-00007936-00008109 islands in both the Caribbean and the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00032-00008111-00008352 Pacific NASA announced formation of the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00033-00008353-00008569 Mississippi test facility now known as
cbnnPNTIdC0-00034-00008570-00008808 Stennis Space Center on October 25th
cbnnPNTIdC0-00035-00008809-00009094 1961 for testing engines for the Apollo
cbnnPNTIdC0-00036-00009095-00009382 program a high terrace area bordering
cbnnPNTIdC0-00037-00009383-00009552 the East Pearl River in hancock county
cbnnPNTIdC0-00038-00009553-00009808 miss was selected for its location
cbnnPNTIdC0-00039-00009809-00010093 NASA entrusted the US Army Corps of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00040-00010094-00010296 Engineers with the difficult task to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00041-00010297-00010477 procure each land parcel either by
cbnnPNTIdC0-00042-00010478-00010674 directly purchasing the land or through
cbnnPNTIdC0-00043-00010675-00010891 acquisition of a perpetual easement the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00044-00010892-00011128 selected area was thinly populated and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00045-00011129-00011302 met all other requirements however
cbnnPNTIdC0-00046-00011303-00011517 before construction began five small
cbnnPNTIdC0-00047-00011518-00011799 communities Gainesville Logtown Napoleon
cbnnPNTIdC0-00048-00011800-00012024 Santa Rosa and WA stone iya plus the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00049-00012025-00012226 northern portion of a sixth Pearlington
cbnnPNTIdC0-00050-00012227-00012453 and a combined population of 700
cbnnPNTIdC0-00051-00012454-00012673 families had to be completely relocated
cbnnPNTIdC0-00052-00012674-00012919 off the facility the effort acquired
cbnnPNTIdC0-00053-00012919-00013222 more than 3,200 parcels of privately
cbnnPNTIdC0-00054-00013222-00013660 owned land 786 residences 16 churches 19
cbnnPNTIdC0-00055-00013661-00013837 stores three schools in a wide
cbnnPNTIdC0-00056-00013838-00013999 assortment of commercial buildings
cbnnPNTIdC0-00057-00014000-00014185 including nightclubs and community
cbnnPNTIdC0-00058-00014186-00014428 centers remnants of the communities
cbnnPNTIdC0-00059-00014429-00014644 including city streets in a one-room
cbnnPNTIdC0-00060-00014644-00014844 schoolhouse still exist within the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00061-00014845-00015219 facility the 13,500 acres 55 square
cbnnPNTIdC0-00062-00015220-00015447 kilometres site was selected on October
cbnnPNTIdC0-00063-00015448-00015733 25th 1961 on the Mississippi test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00064-00015734-00016041 facility or Pearl River Site on December
cbnnPNTIdC0-00065-00016043-00016381 18 1961 NASA officially designated the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00066-00016382-00016591 facility as NASA Mississippi test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00067-00016592-00016833 Operations the test area officially
cbnnPNTIdC0-00068-00016834-00017008 known as the fie area is sir
cbnnPNTIdC0-00069-00017009-00017458 by a 125,000 acre 506 square kilometers
cbnnPNTIdC0-00070-00017459-00017728 acoustical buffer zone the facility's
cbnnPNTIdC0-00071-00017729-00017914 large concrete and metal rocket
cbnnPNTIdC0-00072-00017915-00018121 propulsion test stands were originally
cbnnPNTIdC0-00073-00018122-00018328 used to test fire the first and second
cbnnPNTIdC0-00074-00018329-00018592 stages of the Saturn V rockets the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00075-00018593-00018763 facility was renamed again to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00076-00018764-00019014 Mississippi test facility on July 1st
cbnnPNTIdC0-00077-00019015-00019300 1965 became a part of the Marshall Space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00078-00019301-00019714 Flight Center starting in 1971 all Space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00079-00019715-00019872 Shuttle main engines were flight
cbnnPNTIdC0-00080-00019873-00020319 certified at Stennis on June 14 1974 the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00081-00020320-00020497 site was renamed national space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00082-00020498-00020719 technology laboratories a name that
cbnnPNTIdC0-00083-00020720-00020980 continued until May 20th 1988 when it
cbnnPNTIdC0-00084-00020981-00021187 was renamed for Mississippi Senator and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00085-00021188-00021444 space program supporter John C Stennis
cbnnPNTIdC0-00086-00021445-00021597 with the end of the Apollo and shuttle
cbnnPNTIdC0-00087-00021598-00021858 programs use of the base decreased with
cbnnPNTIdC0-00088-00021859-00022033 economic impact to the surrounding
cbnnPNTIdC0-00089-00022034-00022255 communities over the years other
cbnnPNTIdC0-00090-00022256-00022465 government organizations and commercial
cbnnPNTIdC0-00091-00022466-00022666 entities have moved to and left from the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00092-00022667-00022858 facility in the balance providing a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00093-00022859-00023017 major economic benefit to the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00094-00023018-00023452 communities topic rocket propulsion test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00095-00023453-00023650 complex the rocket propulsion test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00096-00023651-00023869 complex as a rocket testing complex
cbnnPNTIdC0-00097-00023870-00024136 which was built in 1965 as a component
cbnnPNTIdC0-00098-00024137-00024366 of the John C Stennis Space Center the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00099-00024367-00024649 rocket propulsion test complex played an
cbnnPNTIdC0-00100-00024650-00024841 important role in the development of the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00101-00024842-00025287 Saturn V rocket the a1 a2 and b1 b2 test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00102-00025288-00025468 stands were declared a national historic
cbnnPNTIdC0-00103-00025469-00025803 landmark in 1985 the NASA engineering
cbnnPNTIdC0-00104-00025804-00026119 and science director at ESD at SSC
cbnnPNTIdC0-00105-00026120-00026419 operates and maintains SSC's rocket test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00106-00026420-00026950 stands
cbnnPNTIdC0-00107-00026951-00027607 topic a one a to test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00108-00027608-00027832 the smaller two of the original three
cbnnPNTIdC0-00109-00027833-00028068 test stands at Stennis Space Center the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00110-00028069-00028330 a1 and a2 stands were built to test and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00111-00028331-00028521 flight certified the second stage of the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00112-00028522-00028920 Saturn V the s2 pronounced s2 the launch
cbnnPNTIdC0-00113-00028922-00029170 vehicle for the Apollo program the two
cbnnPNTIdC0-00114-00029170-00029374 stands are similar steel and concrete
cbnnPNTIdC0-00115-00029375-00029637 structures are roughly 200 feet 61
cbnnPNTIdC0-00116-00029638-00029824 meters tall and capable of withstanding
cbnnPNTIdC0-00117-00029825-00030030 thrust loads of more than 1 million
cbnnPNTIdC0-00118-00030031-00030226 pound and temperature of up to six
cbnnPNTIdC0-00119-00030227-00030396 thousand degrees Fahrenheit three
cbnnPNTIdC0-00120-00030397-00030549 thousand three hundred twenty degrees
cbnnPNTIdC0-00121-00030550-00030652 Celsius
cbnnPNTIdC0-00122-00030652-00030910 each test stand can provide liquid
cbnnPNTIdC0-00123-00030911-00031230 hydrogen lh2 and liquid oxygen locks in
cbnnPNTIdC0-00124-00031231-00031435 addition to support fluids gaseous
cbnnPNTIdC0-00125-00031436-00031804 helium ghe gaseous hydrogen gh2 and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00126-00031805-00032092 gaseous nitrogen GN two as purge or
cbnnPNTIdC0-00127-00032093-00032436 pressurizing gases construction began in
cbnnPNTIdC0-00128-00032437-00032905 1963 and was finished in 1966 the a test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00129-00032906-00033127 complex also includes a test control
cbnnPNTIdC0-00130-00033128-00033370 center observation bunkers and various
cbnnPNTIdC0-00131-00033371-00033989 technical and support systems
cbnnPNTIdC0-00132-00033990-00034520 topic 1960s
cbnnPNTIdC0-00133-00034521-00034901 on the 23rd of April 1966 workmen at the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00134-00034902-00035174 a2 test stand successfully captive fired
cbnnPNTIdC0-00135-00035175-00035383 for 15 seconds the SCT
cbnnPNTIdC0-00136-00035384-00035633 structural and dynamic test vehicle for
cbnnPNTIdC0-00137-00035634-00035870 the Saturn V 2nd stage in an all systems
cbnnPNTIdC0-00138-00035871-00036149 test this was the first test of a flight
cbnnPNTIdC0-00139-00036150-00036473 weight s2 stage the stage largest and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00140-00036474-00036652 most powerful liquid oxygen liquid
cbnnPNTIdC0-00141-00036653-00036914 hydrogen stage known developed 1 million
cbnnPNTIdC0-00142-00036915-00037130 pounds of thrust from its 5 Rocketdyne
cbnnPNTIdC0-00143-00037131-00037436 j2 engines this test also marked the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00144-00037437-00037673 first operational use of the a to stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00145-00037674-00037924 the first full duration firing of the s2
cbnnPNTIdC0-00146-00037925-00038137 flight stage occurred the 20th of May
cbnnPNTIdC0-00147-00038138-00038489 1966 when se T test fired on the a2 test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00148-00038490-00038896 stand for 354 point five seconds LOX
cbnnPNTIdC0-00149-00038897-00039095 cutoff sensors initiated cut off
cbnnPNTIdC0-00150-00039096-00039179 automatically
cbnnPNTIdC0-00151-00039180-00039401 the firing passed all major test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00152-00039402-00039568 objectives with the exception of the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00153-00039569-00039845 propellant utilization system this was
cbnnPNTIdC0-00154-00039846-00040124 the fourth static firing of the SCT the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00155-00040125-00040324 stage developed 1 million pounds of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00156-00040325-00040523 thrust from its 5 hydrogen oxygen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00157-00040524-00041123 powered j2 engines
cbnnPNTIdC0-00158-00041124-00041675 topic s ET rupture
cbnnPNTIdC0-00159-00041676-00041936 a static test version of the Saturn V
cbnnPNTIdC0-00160-00041937-00042152 second-stage se T ruptured during
cbnnPNTIdC0-00161-00042153-00042448 pressure tests at SSC on the 28th of May
cbnnPNTIdC0-00162-00042449-00042755 1966 and v North American Aviation
cbnnPNTIdC0-00163-00042756-00042908 technicians monitoring the tests
cbnnPNTIdC0-00164-00042909-00043184 received minor injuries the accident
cbnnPNTIdC0-00165-00043185-00043358 occurred when the hydrogen fuel tank
cbnnPNTIdC0-00166-00043359-00043634 failed under pressure s et which had
cbnnPNTIdC0-00167-00043635-00043901 five hydrogen oxygen j2 engines capable
cbnnPNTIdC0-00168-00043902-00044132 of generating 1 million pounds of thrust
cbnnPNTIdC0-00169-00044133-00044363 had been tested May 25th in ground
cbnnPNTIdC0-00170-00044364-00044564 firing but stopped firing after one
cbnnPNTIdC0-00171-00044565-00044726 hundred ninety five seconds when a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00172-00044727-00044927 hydrogen linked leak caused automatic
cbnnPNTIdC0-00173-00044928-00045148 cutoff at time of the explosion
cbnnPNTIdC0-00174-00045149-00045326 technicians were trying to determine
cbnnPNTIdC0-00175-00045327-00045641 cause for the hydrogen leak no hydrogen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00176-00045642-00045812 was in the tank when the explosion
cbnnPNTIdC0-00177-00045813-00046091 occurred under the direction of MSFC a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00178-00046092-00046301 Board of Inquiry headed by dr. Kurt
cbnnPNTIdC0-00179-00046302-00046559 hdbuzz director of Kennedy Space Center
cbnnPNTIdC0-00180-00046560-00046762 convened on the night of May 28th
cbnnPNTIdC0-00181-00046763-00047006 immediate investigation revealed that
cbnnPNTIdC0-00182-00047007-00047216 the second shift crew not knowing that
cbnnPNTIdC0-00183-00047217-00047423 the liquid hydrogen pressure sensors and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00184-00047424-00047594 switches had been disconnected had
cbnnPNTIdC0-00185-00047595-00047773 attempted to pressurize the tank
cbnnPNTIdC0-00186-00047774-00048014 believing that a liquid hydrogen vent
cbnnPNTIdC0-00187-00048015-00048218 valve was leaking the technicians closed
cbnnPNTIdC0-00188-00048219-00048506 the facility by blocking valves this had
cbnnPNTIdC0-00189-00048507-00048692 caused the vehicle tank to become over
cbnnPNTIdC0-00190-00048693-00049012 pressurized and burst on the 30th of May
cbnnPNTIdC0-00191-00049013-00049250 1966 the board released its findings
cbnnPNTIdC0-00192-00049251-00049562 after two days of inquiry the fuel tank
cbnnPNTIdC0-00193-00049563-00049745 of the s2 stage had been pressurized
cbnnPNTIdC0-00194-00049746-00050027 beyond design limits there was a need
cbnnPNTIdC0-00195-00050028-00050249 for tighter controls over MTF test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00196-00050250-00050513 procedure following the destruction of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00197-00050514-00050822 SCT NASA extended the s2 battleship
cbnnPNTIdC0-00198-00050823-00051224 program until July 1967 s e1 the first
cbnnPNTIdC0-00199-00051225-00051461 flight s two-stage scheduled for static
cbnnPNTIdC0-00200-00051462-00051725 firing at MTF left Seal Beach on July
cbnnPNTIdC0-00201-00051726-00052216 31st 1966 the first flight model se one
cbnnPNTIdC0-00202-00052217-00052436 of the Saturn V vehicles second stage
cbnnPNTIdC0-00203-00052437-00052823 arrived August 13 1966 at MTF completing
cbnnPNTIdC0-00204-00052824-00053086 its 4,000 mile voyage from Seal Beach
cbnnPNTIdC0-00205-00053087-00053354 workmen immediately moved the stage into
cbnnPNTIdC0-00206-00053354-00053542 the s2 stage service and check-out
cbnnPNTIdC0-00207-00053544-00053753 building for inspection and preparation
cbnnPNTIdC0-00208-00053754-00054141 for static firing at MTF on December 1st
cbnnPNTIdC0-00209-00054142-00054497 1966 North American Aviation conducted a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00210-00054498-00054829 successful 384 second captive firing of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00211-00054830-00055117 5j two engines the first flight hydrogen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00212-00055119-00055313 fueled engines developing a total 1
cbnnPNTIdC0-00213-00055314-00055591 million pounds of thrust during the test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00214-00055592-00055823 number two and four engines slam arms
cbnnPNTIdC0-00215-00055824-00056024 did not drop resulting in the successful
cbnnPNTIdC0-00216-00056025-00056224 gimbley of engines one and three only
cbnnPNTIdC0-00217-00056225-00056507 the test included the recording of about
cbnnPNTIdC0-00218-00056508-00056696 800 measurements of the stages
cbnnPNTIdC0-00219-00056697-00056894 performance including propellant tank
cbnnPNTIdC0-00220-00056895-00057065 temperatures engine temperatures
cbnnPNTIdC0-00221-00057066-00057299 propellant flow rates and vibrations on
cbnnPNTIdC0-00222-00057300-00057710 December 30th 1966 MSFC technicians at
cbnnPNTIdC0-00223-00057711-00057955 the MTF test stand conducted a static
cbnnPNTIdC0-00224-00057957-00058139 firing of the first flight version of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00225-00058140-00058480 the Saturn V second stage s e1 this
cbnnPNTIdC0-00226-00058482-00058670 second test firing like an earlier
cbnnPNTIdC0-00227-00058671-00059327 firing lasted more than six minutes
cbnnPNTIdC0-00228-00059328-00059867 topic 1967
cbnnPNTIdC0-00229-00059869-00060297 On January 11 1967 initial post static
cbnnPNTIdC0-00230-00060298-00060522 checkout of the SE one stage ended at
cbnnPNTIdC0-00231-00060523-00060999 MTF on January 27 1967 the SE 2 stage
cbnnPNTIdC0-00232-00061000-00061229 left Seal Beach California to pass
cbnnPNTIdC0-00233-00061230-00061475 through the Panama Canal and unto MTF
cbnnPNTIdC0-00234-00061476-00061829 after its journey lasting 16 days the s2
cbnnPNTIdC0-00235-00061830-00062102 would arrive at MTF for two static tests
cbnnPNTIdC0-00236-00062103-00062484 the SE 2 stage arrived on dock at MTF on
cbnnPNTIdC0-00237-00062485-00062958 february 11 1967 the SE 2 stage part of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00238-00062959-00063230 the second saturn v vehicle as 502
cbnnPNTIdC0-00239-00063232-00063509 scheduled for launch from KSC late in
cbnnPNTIdC0-00240-00063510-00063807 1967 was scheduled for testing at MTF
cbnnPNTIdC0-00241-00063808-00064296 late in March 1967 on February 17 1967
cbnnPNTIdC0-00242-00064297-00064500 the first full duration test of a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00243-00064501-00064764 cluster of uprated J 2 engines S 2
cbnnPNTIdC0-00244-00064765-00065069 battleship test number off or 1 lasted
cbnnPNTIdC0-00245-00065070-00065502 360 seconds on February 25th 1967
cbnnPNTIdC0-00246-00065503-00065763 workmen at MTF completed construction of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00247-00065764-00066009 the s 2 a1 test stand and the Corps of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00248-00066010-00066246 Engineers accepted beneficial occupancy
cbnnPNTIdC0-00249-00066247-00066567 with exceptions on March 17 1967
cbnnPNTIdC0-00250-00066568-00066804 technicians fired the S 2 battleship
cbnnPNTIdC0-00251-00066805-00067050 stage for a main stage duration of 29
cbnnPNTIdC0-00252-00067051-00067329 seconds on March 31st failure of a pre
cbnnPNTIdC0-00253-00067330-00067542 valve to close caused program officials
cbnnPNTIdC0-00254-00067543-00067767 at MTF to scrub the first attempt to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00255-00067768-00068034 static fire the SE 2 stage battleship
cbnnPNTIdC0-00256-00068035-00068262 testing of the s 2 battleship test stage
cbnnPNTIdC0-00257-00068263-00068508 equipped with five uprated j2 engines
cbnnPNTIdC0-00258-00068509-00068784 ended in late march 1967 with a full
cbnnPNTIdC0-00259-00068785-00069066 duration test of approximately 360
cbnnPNTIdC0-00260-00069067-00069678 seconds main stage operation
cbnnPNTIdC0-00261-00069679-00070135 topic summary
cbnnPNTIdC0-00262-00070136-00070399 these two test stands tested and flight
cbnnPNTIdC0-00263-00070400-00070687 certified s2 stages and j2 engines until
cbnnPNTIdC0-00264-00070688-00070873 the end of the Apollo program in the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00265-00070874-00071460 early 1970s
cbnnPNTIdC0-00266-00071461-00071992 topic 1970s
cbnnPNTIdC0-00267-00071993-00072307 it was announced in 1971 that the center
cbnnPNTIdC0-00268-00072308-00072496 would be performing tests on the engines
cbnnPNTIdC0-00269-00072497-00072691 for the new space shuttle program called
cbnnPNTIdC0-00270-00072692-00073063 the ssme the a1 and a2 test stands
cbnnPNTIdC0-00271-00073064-00073261 originally designed to accommodate the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00272-00073262-00073504 much larger s2 engines were modified to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00273-00073505-00073747 accept the smaller ssme and testing
cbnnPNTIdC0-00274-00073748-00074074 officially began on May 19 1975 when the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00275-00074075-00074284 first such engine was tested on the a1
cbnnPNTIdC0-00276-00074285-00074539 stand the center continued to test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00277-00074540-00074722 engines for the duration of the shuttle
cbnnPNTIdC0-00278-00074723-00074971 program on the a1 and a2 stands with the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00279-00074972-00075241 final scheduled test occurred on July 29
cbnnPNTIdC0-00280-00075242-00075898 2009 on the a2 stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00281-00075899-00076398 topic 2010
cbnnPNTIdC0-00282-00076399-00076623 as the shuttle program has phased out
cbnnPNTIdC0-00283-00076624-00076881 the a1 and a2 test stands are seeing new
cbnnPNTIdC0-00284-00076882-00077069 use testing the next generation of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00285-00077070-00077316 rocket engines including the j-2x engine
cbnnPNTIdC0-00286-00077317-00077547 designed to power the SLS upper stage
cbnnPNTIdC0-00287-00077548-00077744 with the first such test occurring on
cbnnPNTIdC0-00288-00077745-00078156 December 18 2007 Stennis is continuing
cbnnPNTIdC0-00289-00078157-00078204 to test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00290-00078205-00078522 Aerojet Rocketdyne aj26 rocket engines
cbnnPNTIdC0-00291-00078523-00078776 for Orbital Sciences Corp Abdullah's VA
cbnnPNTIdC0-00292-00078777-00078996 which has partnered with NASA to provide
cbnnPNTIdC0-00293-00078997-00079151 commercial cargo flights to the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00294-00079152-00079322 International Space Station
cbnnPNTIdC0-00295-00079323-00079544 Orbital's maiden flight to the space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00296-00079545-00079716 station launched from NASA's Wallops
cbnnPNTIdC0-00297-00079717-00079947 Flight Facility in Virginia September
cbnnPNTIdC0-00298-00079948-00080018 18th
cbnnPNTIdC0-00299-00080019-00080276 Orbital's and Terry's rocket was powered
cbnnPNTIdC0-00300-00080277-00080835 by a pair of aj26 engines topic b1 b2
cbnnPNTIdC0-00301-00080836-00081174 test stand the b1 b2 test stand as a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00302-00081175-00081413 dual position vertical static firing
cbnnPNTIdC0-00303-00081414-00081636 stand supporting a maximum dynamic load
cbnnPNTIdC0-00304-00081637-00081978 of 11 m lbf it was originally built in
cbnnPNTIdC0-00305-00081979-00082278 the 1960s to simultaneously test the v
cbnnPNTIdC0-00306-00082279-00082572 f1 engines of a complete Saturn vs 1c
cbnnPNTIdC0-00307-00082573-00083019 first stage from 1967 to 1970 during the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00308-00083020-00083226 shuttle era it was modified to test the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00309-00083227-00083574 space shuttle main engine ssme Stennis
cbnnPNTIdC0-00310-00083575-00083801 now leases the b1 tests position to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00311-00083802-00084006 Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne for testing
cbnnPNTIdC0-00312-00084007-00084279 of -68 rupee's engines for the delta 4
cbnnPNTIdC0-00313-00084280-00084573 launch vehicle NASA is preparing the B
cbnnPNTIdC0-00314-00084574-00084804 to test position to test the core stage
cbnnPNTIdC0-00315-00084805-00085076 of NASA's Space Launch System SLS in
cbnnPNTIdC0-00316-00085077-00085509 late 2016 in early 2017 the SLS core
cbnnPNTIdC0-00317-00085510-00085809 stage with four rs.25 D rocket engines
cbnnPNTIdC0-00318-00085810-00085962 will be installed on the stand for
cbnnPNTIdC0-00319-00085963-00086166 propelling fill and drain testing and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00320-00086167-00086397 two hot fire tests on the 17th of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00321-00086398-00086819 October 1966 MSFC shipped its si si all
cbnnPNTIdC0-00322-00086820-00087182 system test booster si CT to SSC for use
cbnnPNTIdC0-00323-00087183-00087405 in check out of a static test stand and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00324-00087406-00087711 for use in static firings workmen loaded
cbnnPNTIdC0-00325-00087712-00087867 the huge booster aboard the barge
cbnnPNTIdC0-00326-00087868-00088071 Poseidon for the 1,000 mile river
cbnnPNTIdC0-00327-00088072-00088419 journey six days later the SI CT reached
cbnnPNTIdC0-00328-00088420-00088719 SSC all future firings would be
cbnnPNTIdC0-00329-00088720-00088956 accomplished at the B to stand at MTF
cbnnPNTIdC0-00330-00088957-00089178 and all systems test version of Apollo
cbnnPNTIdC0-00331-00089179-00089514 Saturn V first stage s ICT went into the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00332-00089515-00089784 b2 test stand at the Mississippi test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00333-00089785-00090234 on December 17th 1966 stage electrical
cbnnPNTIdC0-00334-00090235-00090432 and mechanical hookup to the test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00335-00090433-00090572 began immediately
cbnnPNTIdC0-00336-00090573-00090918 static firing would occur in early 1967
cbnnPNTIdC0-00337-00090919-00091110 to demonstrate the facility checkout
cbnnPNTIdC0-00338-00091111-00091602 system
cbnnPNTIdC0-00339-00091603-00092142 topic 1967
cbnnPNTIdC0-00340-00092143-00092505 on the 13th of February 1967 Corps of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00341-00092506-00092685 Engineers personnel completed
cbnnPNTIdC0-00342-00092686-00092967 construction of the si CB 2 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00343-00092968-00093213 at MTF following an extensive systems
cbnnPNTIdC0-00344-00093214-00093474 subsystems and total integrated systems
cbnnPNTIdC0-00345-00093475-00093771 check out of the b2 test stand at MTF on
cbnnPNTIdC0-00346-00093772-00094092 March 3rd 1967 workmen successfully
cbnnPNTIdC0-00347-00094093-00094338 fired the si si battleship all system
cbnnPNTIdC0-00348-00094339-00094806 stage s ICT for 15 seconds this si si T
cbnnPNTIdC0-00349-00094807-00095121 test the first MTF si si firing proved
cbnnPNTIdC0-00350-00095122-00095301 the total compatibility of stage
cbnnPNTIdC0-00351-00095302-00095568 mechanical support equipment and si si
cbnnPNTIdC0-00352-00095569-00095853 test facilities a second s ICT firing
cbnnPNTIdC0-00353-00095854-00096200 lasted for 60 seconds on March 17 1967
cbnnPNTIdC0-00354-00096201-00096504 this firing validated the flame bucket
cbnnPNTIdC0-00355-00096505-00096762 water flow pattern of the b2 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00356-00096763-00096969 and ended the facilities checkout test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00357-00096970-00097215 series at MTF Boeing personnel removed
cbnnPNTIdC0-00358-00097216-00097581 the si si T from test stand b2 at MTF on
cbnnPNTIdC0-00359-00097582-00097941 March 24th 1967 following post static
cbnnPNTIdC0-00360-00097942-00098154 check out test stand refurbishment and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00361-00098155-00098779 facilities modification
cbnnPNTIdC0-00362-00098780-00099343 topic a3 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00363-00099344-00099596 nASA has begun construction of the new
cbnnPNTIdC0-00364-00099597-00100006 a3 test stand at SSC the a3 stand was to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00365-00100007-00100259 be used for testing j-2x engines under
cbnnPNTIdC0-00366-00100260-00100441 vacuum conditions simulating high
cbnnPNTIdC0-00367-00100442-00100747 altitude operation a3 will also be
cbnnPNTIdC0-00368-00100748-00100957 operable as a sea level test facility
cbnnPNTIdC0-00369-00100958-00101185 however because the constellation
cbnnPNTIdC0-00370-00101186-00101437 program was canceled in 2010 the stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00371-00101438-00101623 is expected to be unused after its
cbnnPNTIdC0-00372-00101624-00101932 completion the a3 stand may however be
cbnnPNTIdC0-00373-00101933-00102100 able to be refurnished to test a new
cbnnPNTIdC0-00374-00102101-00102457 mission when needed in 2014 journalists
cbnnPNTIdC0-00375-00102458-00102619 writing for Bloomberg News and The
cbnnPNTIdC0-00376-00102620-00102797 Washington Times criticized the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00377-00102798-00103066 continued construction work on the 350
cbnnPNTIdC0-00378-00103067-00103288 million dollars a3 test stand and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00379-00103289-00103496 characterized it as a wasteful earmark
cbnnPNTIdC0-00380-00103497-00103711 by Mississippi u.s. senator Roger F
cbnnPNTIdC0-00381-00103713-00104232 wicker
cbnnPNTIdC0-00382-00104233-00104839 topic a test stand complex
cbnnPNTIdC0-00383-00104840-00105201 in the 1990s a new test complex named II
cbnnPNTIdC0-00384-00105202-00105499 was constructed to test a variety of new
cbnnPNTIdC0-00385-00105500-00105688 small engine and single multiple
cbnnPNTIdC0-00386-00105689-00106006 components and concepts the e test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00387-00106007-00106233 complex consists of four distinct test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00388-00106234-00106658 stands
cbnnPNTIdC0-00389-00106658-00107205 topic II one test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00390-00107206-00107568 as of early June 2014 the e1 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00391-00107569-00107733 is non operational pending the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00392-00107733-00107928 completion of an investigation into a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00393-00107929-00108126 rocket engine failure on the test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00394-00108127-00108792 on the 22nd of May 2014
cbnnPNTIdC0-00395-00108793-00109221 topic history
cbnnPNTIdC0-00396-00109222-00109526 in 2012 Blue Origin tested the thrust
cbnnPNTIdC0-00397-00109527-00109773 chamber assembly at the e1 test cell for
cbnnPNTIdC0-00398-00109774-00110084 its new 100,000 pounds force 440
cbnnPNTIdC0-00399-00110085-00110333 kilonewtons thrust b3 liquid oxygen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00400-00110334-00110643 liquid hydrogen rocket engine as part of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00401-00110644-00110933 Blue's reusable booster system RBS the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00402-00110934-00111104 engines are designed eventually to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00403-00111105-00111270 launch the buy conic shaped space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00404-00111271-00111483 vehicle the company is developing on the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00405-00111483-00111908 22nd of may 2014 an aj26 rocket engine
cbnnPNTIdC0-00406-00111909-00112154 under test on the Stennis e1 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00407-00112155-00112349 for future Orbital Sciences Antares
cbnnPNTIdC0-00408-00112350-00112608 launch failed and caused major damage to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00409-00112608-00112916 the e1 test stand as of the 10th of June
cbnnPNTIdC0-00410-00112917-00113150 neither NASA orbital nor Aerojet
cbnnPNTIdC0-00411-00113151-00113349 Rocketdyne have released any additional
cbnnPNTIdC0-00412-00113350-00113547 information on the extent of the damage
cbnnPNTIdC0-00413-00113548-00113772 nor timeframe when the three test cells
cbnnPNTIdC0-00414-00113773-00113982 in the e1 test stand will return to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00415-00113983-00114233 operational status in June 2015
cbnnPNTIdC0-00416-00114234-00114452 Aerojet Rocketdyne signed a contract
cbnnPNTIdC0-00417-00114453-00114689 with NASA to upgrade the e1 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00418-00114690-00114972 siddhattha multi-element pre burner and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00419-00114973-00115286 main injector of the r1 rocket engine
cbnnPNTIdC0-00420-00115287-00115439 could be tested there with a goal of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00421-00115440-00115656 first flight of the new r1 engine after
cbnnPNTIdC0-00422-00115657-00116179 2019
cbnnPNTIdC0-00423-00116180-00116628 topic description
cbnnPNTIdC0-00424-00116629-00116820 The Stand is composed of three
cbnnPNTIdC0-00425-00116821-00117249 individual test cells II one cell one
cbnnPNTIdC0-00426-00117250-00117465 can handle liquid propellant and hybrid
cbnnPNTIdC0-00427-00117466-00117785 based test articles up to 750,000 pounds
cbnnPNTIdC0-00428-00117786-00118125 force 3,300 kilonewtons of thrust in a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00429-00118126-00118521 horizontal position II 1 cells 2 & 3 are
cbnnPNTIdC0-00430-00118522-00118776 designed to support LOX and LH to turbo
cbnnPNTIdC0-00431-00118777-00118950 pump assemblies for testing with high
cbnnPNTIdC0-00432-00118951-00119539 pressure propellant feeds
cbnnPNTIdC0-00433-00119540-00120091 topic e to test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00434-00120092-00120367 the e2 test facility at Stennis as a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00435-00120368-00120595 multi-position cell that supports two
cbnnPNTIdC0-00436-00120596-00120808 separate test stands cell one and cell
cbnnPNTIdC0-00437-00120808-00121045 two one for testing horizontally mounted
cbnnPNTIdC0-00438-00121046-00121233 engines and one for vertically mounted
cbnnPNTIdC0-00439-00121234-00121560 vehicle stages and/or engines cell one
cbnnPNTIdC0-00440-00121561-00121819 can support engines with up to 100,000
cbnnPNTIdC0-00441-00121820-00122080 pounds force 440 kilonewtons of thrust
cbnnPNTIdC0-00442-00122081-00122356 while cell 2 can support vehicle stages
cbnnPNTIdC0-00443-00122357-00122811 with up to 300 24,000 pounds force 1440
cbnnPNTIdC0-00444-00122813-00123142 kilonewtons of thrust the facility can
cbnnPNTIdC0-00445-00123143-00123370 provide liquid oxygen liquid nitrogen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00446-00123371-00123633 liquid hydrogen liquid methane refined
cbnnPNTIdC0-00447-00123634-00124077 petroleum rp1 h2o gaseous hydrogen hot
cbnnPNTIdC0-00448-00124078-00124366 gaseous hydrogen gaseous oxygen and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00449-00124367-00124659 gaseous nitrogen e - cell 1 originally
cbnnPNTIdC0-00450-00124660-00124911 known as the high heat flux facility h h
cbnnPNTIdC0-00451-00124913-00125227 FF was constructed in 1993 to support
cbnnPNTIdC0-00452-00125228-00125416 materials development for the national
cbnnPNTIdC0-00453-00125417-00125707 aerospace plane NASP the e2 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00454-00125708-00125974 will be modified after 2013 to support
cbnnPNTIdC0-00455-00125975-00126178 liquid methane engine testing with funds
cbnnPNTIdC0-00456-00126179-00126430 being provided by SpaceX the Mississippi
cbnnPNTIdC0-00457-00126431-00126733 Development Authority $500,000 using
cbnnPNTIdC0-00458-00126733-00126949 funding from state bond issues in NASA
cbnnPNTIdC0-00459-00126950-00127414 up to $600,000 as of October 2013 the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00460-00127415-00127618 SpaceX funding commitment to the methane
cbnnPNTIdC0-00461-00127619-00127833 modification project has not yet been
cbnnPNTIdC0-00462-00127834-00128050 disclosed as the contract has not yet
cbnnPNTIdC0-00463-00128051-00128332 been finalized and executed the methane
cbnnPNTIdC0-00464-00128333-00128515 modifications will become a permanent
cbnnPNTIdC0-00465-00128516-00128733 part of the Stennis test infrastructure
cbnnPNTIdC0-00466-00128734-00128908 and will be available to other users of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00467-00128908-00129115 the test facility after the SpaceX
cbnnPNTIdC0-00468-00129116-00129316 facility lease is completed the most
cbnnPNTIdC0-00469-00129317-00129534 recent test completed on the e2 test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00470-00129535-00129901 stand as of October 2013 was a 2012 NASA
cbnnPNTIdC0-00471-00129902-00130105 test of chemical steam generators
cbnnPNTIdC0-00472-00130106-00130260 beginning in 2014
cbnnPNTIdC0-00473-00130261-00130495 SpaceX conducted tests of their liquid
cbnnPNTIdC0-00474-00130496-00130708 methane liquid oxygen raptor rocket
cbnnPNTIdC0-00475-00130708-00131002 engine on the e2 test stand initial
cbnnPNTIdC0-00476-00131003-00131206 testing is limited to components of the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00477-00131207-00131413 Raptor engine since the test stand is
cbnnPNTIdC0-00478-00131414-00131617 not large enough to test the full Raptor
cbnnPNTIdC0-00479-00131618-00131809 engine which is rated to generate more
cbnnPNTIdC0-00480-00131810-00132307 than 660 1,000 lbf 2940 kilonewtons
cbnnPNTIdC0-00481-00132308-00132706 vacuum thrust SpaceX completed a round
cbnnPNTIdC0-00482-00132707-00132964 of main injector testing in late 2014
cbnnPNTIdC0-00483-00132965-00133339 and a full powered test of the oxygen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00484-00133340-00133462 pre burner component
cbnnPNTIdC0-00485-00133463-00134132 for raptor by June 2015
cbnnPNTIdC0-00486-00134133-00134683 topic III test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00487-00134684-00134988 the e3 test stand consists of two test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00488-00134989-00135172 cells for component and pilot-scale
cbnnPNTIdC0-00489-00135173-00135547 combustion device testing III cell one
cbnnPNTIdC0-00490-00135548-00135793 can support devices up to sixty thousand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00491-00135794-00136101 pounds force 270 thousand n thrust in a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00492-00136102-00136384 horizontal position propellant supports
cbnnPNTIdC0-00493-00136385-00136575 includes LOX or gaseous oxygen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00494-00136576-00136824 hydrocarbon gaseous oxygen gaseous
cbnnPNTIdC0-00495-00136825-00137173 hydrogen and hybrid III cell two can
cbnnPNTIdC0-00496-00137174-00137446 support devices up to 25,000 pounds
cbnnPNTIdC0-00497-00137447-00137712 force 110 thousand n thrust in a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00498-00137713-00137932 vertical position propellant
cbnnPNTIdC0-00499-00137933-00138160 configurations are similar to III cell
cbnnPNTIdC0-00500-00138161-00138334 one with the addition of hydrogen
cbnnPNTIdC0-00501-00138335-00138610 peroxide based devices a series of tests
cbnnPNTIdC0-00502-00138611-00138861 conducted in the late 1990s eventually
cbnnPNTIdC0-00503-00138862-00139057 led to the commercialization of hybrid
cbnnPNTIdC0-00504-00139058-00139381 rocket motors test firing an American
cbnnPNTIdC0-00505-00139382-00139669 rocket company am roc hybrid rocket
cbnnPNTIdC0-00506-00139670-00139885 motor at NASA's Stennis Space Center in
cbnnPNTIdC0-00507-00139886-00140443 1994
cbnnPNTIdC0-00508-00140444-00140987 topic efore test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00509-00140988-00141350 the e4 test stand consists of 432 foot
cbnnPNTIdC0-00510-00141351-00141539 tall concrete walled cells in an
cbnnPNTIdC0-00511-00141540-00141935 Associated concrete foundation a 1344
cbnnPNTIdC0-00512-00141936-00142118 square foot hardened and conditioned
cbnnPNTIdC0-00513-00142119-00142375 signal conditioning building a 12,000
cbnnPNTIdC0-00514-00142376-00142670 825 square foot high bay with 10-ton
cbnnPNTIdC0-00515-00142671-00142910 bridge crane shop area with one-ton
cbnnPNTIdC0-00516-00142911-00143144 bridge crane and a 7,000 square foot
cbnnPNTIdC0-00517-00143145-00143360 blast hardened test control center and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00518-00143361-00143636 two 1,400 square foot raised floor
cbnnPNTIdC0-00519-00143637-00143909 control rooms the site also includes
cbnnPNTIdC0-00520-00143910-00144103 underground deluge water piping
cbnnPNTIdC0-00521-00144104-00144350 underground power data and control duct
cbnnPNTIdC0-00522-00144351-00144652 banks and potable water the e for hard
cbnnPNTIdC0-00523-00144653-00144829 stand system was designed to accommodate
cbnnPNTIdC0-00524-00144830-00145274 up to 500,000 pounds force 2224
cbnnPNTIdC0-00525-00145275-00145465 kilonewtons engines and power pack
cbnnPNTIdC0-00526-00145466-00145624 systems testing in a horizontal
cbnnPNTIdC0-00527-00145625-00145946 configuration the e for test stand was
cbnnPNTIdC0-00528-00145947-00146189 proposed in the year 2000 to be located
cbnnPNTIdC0-00529-00146190-00146818 near the h1 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00530-00146819-00147391 topic h1 test stand
cbnnPNTIdC0-00531-00147392-00147706 in 2001 the Pentagon's ballistic missile
cbnnPNTIdC0-00532-00147707-00147877 defense organization proposed
cbnnPNTIdC0-00533-00147878-00148138 construction of a 140 million dollars
cbnnPNTIdC0-00534-00148139-00148405 facility at Stennis h1 test stand to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00535-00148406-00148687 test its proposed space-based laser SBL
cbnnPNTIdC0-00536-00148688-00148861 to begin in the first quarter of fiscal
cbnnPNTIdC0-00537-00148862-00149239 year 2002 the facility was to be used to
cbnnPNTIdC0-00538-00149240-00149476 evaluate beam quality efficiency and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00539-00149477-00149692 power levels for a prototype megawatt
cbnnPNTIdC0-00540-00149693-00149995 class hydrogen fluoride laser in 2007
cbnnPNTIdC0-00541-00149996-00150259 British manufacturer rolls-royce PLC has
cbnnPNTIdC0-00542-00150260-00150481 been operating an outdoor aero engine
cbnnPNTIdC0-00543-00150482-00150712 test facility built on the old h1 test
cbnnPNTIdC0-00544-00150713-00150976 area Rolls Royce constructed the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00545-00150977-00151195 facility due to noise pollution concerns
cbnnPNTIdC0-00546-00151196-00151411 at its UK testing facility at Hucknall
cbnnPNTIdC0-00547-00151412-00151636 airfield near its headquarters in Derby
cbnnPNTIdC0-00548-00151637-00151912 in 2013 a second test stand was opened
cbnnPNTIdC0-00549-00151913-00152477 by rolls-royce
cbnnPNTIdC0-00550-00152478-00152950 topic gallery
cbnnPNTIdC0-00551-00152951-00153322 you
cbnnPNTIdC0-00552-00153323-00153902 topic tenant facilities
cbnnPNTIdC0-00553-00153903-00154211 in 2005 the center was home to over 30
cbnnPNTIdC0-00554-00154212-00154352 government agencies and private
cbnnPNTIdC0-00555-00154353-00154646 companies by far the largest of these
cbnnPNTIdC0-00556-00154647-00154847 were elements of the United States Navy
cbnnPNTIdC0-00557-00154848-00155156 with some 3,500 personnel which was far
cbnnPNTIdC0-00558-00155157-00155333 larger than the NASA civil servant
cbnnPNTIdC0-00559-00155334-00155561 contingent some of the prominent
cbnnPNTIdC0-00560-00155562-00156094 resident agencies include
cbnnPNTIdC0-00561-00156095-00156424 topic US National Oceanic and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00562-00156425-00156906 Atmospheric Administration
cbnnPNTIdC0-00563-00156907-00157251 the national data buoy Center nd BC is a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00564-00157252-00157452 part of the National Oceanic and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00565-00157453-00157638 Atmospheric Administration's NOAA
cbnnPNTIdC0-00566-00157639-00158052 National Weather Service NWS nd BC
cbnnPNTIdC0-00567-00158053-00158256 designs develops operates and maintains
cbnnPNTIdC0-00568-00158257-00158511 a network of data collecting buoys and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00569-00158512-00159090 coastal stations
cbnnPNTIdC0-00570-00159091-00159705 topic US Geological Survey
cbnnPNTIdC0-00571-00159706-00160002 the US Geological Survey hydrologic
cbnnPNTIdC0-00572-00160003-00160526 instrumentation facility
cbnnPNTIdC0-00573-00160527-00161101 topic United States Navy
cbnnPNTIdC0-00574-00161102-00161316 the naval meteorology and oceanography
cbnnPNTIdC0-00575-00161317-00161740 command and AVM eto CCO M or n MOC
cbnnPNTIdC0-00576-00161741-00161941 serves as the operational arm of the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00577-00161942-00162229 naval oceanography program headquartered
cbnnPNTIdC0-00578-00162230-00162493 at the SSC n MOC as a Third Echelon
cbnnPNTIdC0-00579-00162494-00162736 command reporting to naval information
cbnnPNTIdC0-00580-00162737-00162988 dominance forces and a VI D fo our
cbnnPNTIdC0-00581-00162989-00163228 previously United States fleet Forces
cbnnPNTIdC0-00582-00163229-00163684 Command usfl tfor co m a branch of the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00583-00163685-00163978 naval research laboratory the naval
cbnnPNTIdC0-00584-00163979-00164269 oceanographic office nav OCE ano
cbnnPNTIdC0-00585-00164270-00164545 comprises approximately 1,000 civilian
cbnnPNTIdC0-00586-00164546-00164707 military and contract personnel
cbnnPNTIdC0-00587-00164708-00164956 responsible for providing oceanographic
cbnnPNTIdC0-00588-00164957-00165160 products and services to all elements
cbnnPNTIdC0-00589-00165161-00165329 within the Department of Defense the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00590-00165330-00165607 Department of the Navy office of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00591-00165608-00165816 civilian Human Resources Stennis
cbnnPNTIdC0-00592-00165817-00166150 Operations Center Navy Special Boat team
cbnnPNTIdC0-00593-00166151-00166546 22 and nav s CIA tts naval small craft
cbnnPNTIdC0-00594-00166547-00166699 instruction and technical training
cbnnPNTIdC0-00595-00166700-00167237 school
cbnnPNTIdC0-00596-00167238-00167754 topic university
cbnnPNTIdC0-00597-00167755-00168019 Mississippi State University Science and
cbnnPNTIdC0-00598-00168020-00168313 Technology Center Mississippi State
cbnnPNTIdC0-00599-00168314-00168508 University Center for Battlefield
cbnnPNTIdC0-00600-00168509-00168771 innovation Mississippi State University
cbnnPNTIdC0-00601-00168772-00169126 northern Gulf Institute Mississippi
cbnnPNTIdC0-00602-00169127-00169339 State University Geosystems Research
cbnnPNTIdC0-00603-00169340-00169600 Institute Mississippi State University
cbnnPNTIdC0-00604-00169601-00169885 Gulf of Mexico research initiative da
cbnnPNTIdC0-00605-00169886-00170137 Murray the University of Southern
cbnnPNTIdC0-00606-00170138-00170305 Mississippi's high-performance
cbnnPNTIdC0-00607-00170306-00170629 visualization Center the University of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00608-00170630-00170806 Southern Mississippi's Department of
cbnnPNTIdC0-00609-00170807-00171076 Marine Science Mississippi State
cbnnPNTIdC0-00610-00171077-00171253 University Industrial Technology
cbnnPNTIdC0-00611-00171254-00171731 Department
cbnnPNTIdC0-00612-00171732-00172376 topic commercial rolls-royce outdoor
cbnnPNTIdC0-00613-00172377-00172667 engine testing center United Launch
cbnnPNTIdC0-00614-00172668-00172958 Alliance engine testing the Lockheed
cbnnPNTIdC0-00615-00172959-00173120 Martin Mississippi Space and Technology
cbnnPNTIdC0-00616-00173121-00173602 Center
cbnnPNTIdC0-00617-00173603-00174220 topic former tenant organizations
cbnnPNTIdC0-00618-00174221-00174875 Mississippi Army Ammunition Plant
cbnnPNTIdC0-00619-00174876-00175483 topic infinity Science Center
cbnnPNTIdC0-00620-00175484-00175708 the Infinity Science Center is the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00621-00175709-00175938 public NASA visitor and Science Museum
cbnnPNTIdC0-00622-00175939-00176177 for John C Stennis Space Center the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00623-00176178-00176463 seventy-two thousand sq foot facility is
cbnnPNTIdC0-00624-00176464-00176661 located adjacent to the Mississippi
cbnnPNTIdC0-00625-00176662-00176924 Welcome Center near the msla border
cbnnPNTIdC0-00626-00176925-00177129 admission includes a behind-the-scenes
cbnnPNTIdC0-00627-00177130-00177416 bus tour of nearby Stennis Space Center
cbnnPNTIdC0-00628-00177417-00177673 the themes of the center's interactive
cbnnPNTIdC0-00629-00177674-00177934 exhibits include NASA space planets
cbnnPNTIdC0-00630-00177935-00178243 stars weather earth science space travel
cbnnPNTIdC0-00631-00178244-00178510 and exploration this plays include a
cbnnPNTIdC0-00632-00178511-00178740 full sized International Space Station
cbnnPNTIdC0-00633-00178741-00178960 module a cutaway model of the Orion
cbnnPNTIdC0-00634-00178961-00179170 spacecraft and components from a space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00635-00179171-00179422 flown minus 25 rupees Space Shuttle main
cbnnPNTIdC0-00636-00179423-00179751 engine outdoor displays include an f1
cbnnPNTIdC0-00637-00179752-00180019 rocket engine a tsunami buoy u.s. navy
cbnnPNTIdC0-00638-00180020-00180237 riverine training boat and the Apollo 19
cbnnPNTIdC0-00639-00180238-00180486 Saturn V first stage rocket booster
cbnnPNTIdC0-00640-00180487-00180810 acquired from NASA Michoud assembly the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00641-00180811-00181002 Infinity Science Center officially
cbnnPNTIdC0-00642-00181003-00181260 opened in April 2012 to replace the old
cbnnPNTIdC0-00643-00181261-00181536 14,000 sq foot Stennis fear visitors
cbnnPNTIdC0-00644-00181537-00182083 center
cbnnPNTIdC0-00645-00182084-00182608 topic stennis fear
cbnnPNTIdC0-00646-00182609-00182839 the museum and visitor center for the
cbnnPNTIdC0-00647-00182840-00183004 Stennis Space Center was known as
cbnnPNTIdC0-00648-00183005-00183178 Stennis fear but upon the imminent
cbnnPNTIdC0-00649-00183179-00183337 opening of the new Infinity Science
cbnnPNTIdC0-00650-00183338-00183565 Center closed its doors to the public on
cbnnPNTIdC0-00651-00183566-00183760 February 15 2012
cbnnPNTIdC0-00652-00183761-00184000 unlike infinity the Stennis fear
cbnnPNTIdC0-00653-00184001-00184189 building is located within the grounds
cbnnPNTIdC0-00654-00184190-00184447 of the Stennis Space Center exhibits
cbnnPNTIdC0-00655-00184448-00184690 focused on the activities of NASA Space
cbnnPNTIdC0-00656-00184691-00184951 space exploration science geography
cbnnPNTIdC0-00657-00184952-00185245 weather and more many of the exhibits
cbnnPNTIdC0-00658-00185246-00185422 from Stennis fear have been moved into
cbnnPNTIdC0-00659-00185423-00185757 the new infinity visitor facility
cbnnPNTIdC0-00660-00185758-00186135 equals equals see also
cbw279YEV9Y-00000-00000024-00000327 here is a question i get quite a bit how
cbw279YEV9Y-00001-00000328-00000438 do i remove
cbw279YEV9Y-00002-00000440-00000790 all bold formatting in an entire
cbw279YEV9Y-00003-00000791-00001143 word document the quickest way
cbw279YEV9Y-00004-00001144-00001503 is to use the advanced find and replace
cbw279YEV9Y-00005-00001504-00001942 feature
cbw279YEV9Y-00006-00001943-00002175 let's take a look at this document
cbw279YEV9Y-00007-00002176-00002391 notice that there are several words with
cbw279YEV9Y-00008-00002392-00002471 the bold
cbw279YEV9Y-00009-00002472-00002710 format now this could happen for a
cbw279YEV9Y-00010-00002711-00002855 number of reasons
cbw279YEV9Y-00011-00002856-00003079 perhaps i thought at the time i wanted
cbw279YEV9Y-00012-00003080-00003231 these words in bold
cbw279YEV9Y-00013-00003232-00003479 or this is actually common when you copy
cbw279YEV9Y-00014-00003479-00003543 and paste
cbw279YEV9Y-00015-00003544-00003790 text from another source whether it's
cbw279YEV9Y-00016-00003792-00003951 from another document
cbw279YEV9Y-00017-00003952-00004270 or something online now this is a long
cbw279YEV9Y-00018-00004271-00004486 document and removing the bold
cbw279YEV9Y-00019-00004487-00004735 formatting one word at a time
cbw279YEV9Y-00020-00004736-00005047 would take way too much time so i'm
cbw279YEV9Y-00021-00005048-00005215 going to use the advanced
cbw279YEV9Y-00022-00005216-00005567 find and replace and this will go
cbw279YEV9Y-00023-00005568-00005838 very quickly so let's walk through the
cbw279YEV9Y-00024-00005839-00005999 steps
cbw279YEV9Y-00025-00006000-00006311 on the home tab in the editing group i'm
cbw279YEV9Y-00026-00006312-00006414 going to click the down
cbw279YEV9Y-00027-00006415-00006719 arrow next to find and choose advanced
cbw279YEV9Y-00028-00006720-00006910 find then i'm going to go down to the
cbw279YEV9Y-00029-00006911-00007103 lower left hand corner and click on
cbw279YEV9Y-00030-00007104-00007246 format
cbw279YEV9Y-00031-00007247-00007551 and font and under the font style
cbw279YEV9Y-00032-00007552-00007839 i want to choose bold i'm looking for
cbw279YEV9Y-00033-00007840-00007903 bold
cbw279YEV9Y-00034-00007904-00008310 formatting click ok and notice format
cbw279YEV9Y-00035-00008311-00008695 font bold is now showing up now the fine
cbw279YEV9Y-00036-00008696-00008967 what where your flashing cursor is will
cbw279YEV9Y-00037-00008968-00009046 remain
cbw279YEV9Y-00038-00009047-00009231 empty then i'm going to go to the
cbw279YEV9Y-00039-00009232-00009391 replace tab
cbw279YEV9Y-00040-00009392-00009783 and i want to replace this with regular
cbw279YEV9Y-00041-00009784-00009999 font so again i'm going to go down to
cbw279YEV9Y-00042-00010000-00010095 format
cbw279YEV9Y-00043-00010096-00010423 click on font and i'm going to choose
cbw279YEV9Y-00044-00010424-00010806 regular click ok and now notice it says
cbw279YEV9Y-00045-00010807-00010863 font
cbw279YEV9Y-00046-00010864-00011255 not bold not italics and i can replace
cbw279YEV9Y-00047-00011256-00011295 these
cbw279YEV9Y-00048-00011296-00011599 one at a time if you needed to make sure
cbw279YEV9Y-00049-00011600-00011703 that you weren't
cbw279YEV9Y-00050-00011704-00012006 replacing a bold word that you wanted to
cbw279YEV9Y-00051-00012007-00012223 keep you could do this one at a time
cbw279YEV9Y-00052-00012224-00012470 i'm going to go ahead and replace all
cbw279YEV9Y-00053-00012471-00012683 and i see that it made
cbw279YEV9Y-00054-00012684-00013022 33 replacements you can remove
cbw279YEV9Y-00055-00013023-00013286 any formatting with this method not just
cbw279YEV9Y-00056-00013287-00013455 the bold format
cbw279YEV9Y-00057-00013456-00013751 but there is something i want you to be
cbw279YEV9Y-00058-00013752-00013879 aware of
cbw279YEV9Y-00059-00013880-00014111 so i'm going to undo and bring back
cbw279YEV9Y-00060-00014112-00014215 those bold
cbw279YEV9Y-00061-00014216-00014543 words and let's go through this again
cbw279YEV9Y-00062-00014544-00014663 i'm going to go to find
cbw279YEV9Y-00063-00014663-00014999 advanced find and i can see it's already
cbw279YEV9Y-00064-00015000-00015086 bold here
cbw279YEV9Y-00065-00015087-00015463 replace and for replace with i'm going
cbw279YEV9Y-00066-00015463-00015622 to go ahead and clear that
cbw279YEV9Y-00067-00015623-00015903 one thing you do not want to do is just
cbw279YEV9Y-00068-00015904-00016030 leave this blank
cbw279YEV9Y-00069-00016031-00016327 without specifying that you want regular
cbw279YEV9Y-00070-00016328-00016430 format
cbw279YEV9Y-00071-00016431-00016694 let's take a look here so right here in
cbw279YEV9Y-00072-00016695-00016983 this sentence someday the mountain might
cbw279YEV9Y-00073-00016984-00017063 get
cbw279YEV9Y-00074-00017064-00017350 mountain is in bold if i do not specify
cbw279YEV9Y-00075-00017351-00017455 that i want this
cbw279YEV9Y-00076-00017456-00017783 bold word to now be regular text
cbw279YEV9Y-00077-00017784-00018047 it's actually going to delete this word
cbw279YEV9Y-00078-00018048-00018135 so replace
cbw279YEV9Y-00079-00018136-00018463 with if i leave this blank and i go
cbw279YEV9Y-00080-00018464-00018519 ahead
cbw279YEV9Y-00081-00018520-00018894 and click on replace notice how
cbw279YEV9Y-00082-00018895-00019239 the bold word mountain simply was
cbw279YEV9Y-00083-00019240-00019335 deleted
cbw279YEV9Y-00084-00019336-00019543 so what you're trying to accomplish is
cbw279YEV9Y-00085-00019544-00019663 removing
cbw279YEV9Y-00086-00019664-00020007 the bold formatting not removing the
cbw279YEV9Y-00087-00020008-00020103 bold
cbw279YEV9Y-00088-00020104-00020430 words so just be cautious of
cbw279YEV9Y-00089-00020431-00020767 that okay now it's time for you to give
cbw279YEV9Y-00090-00020768-00020919 this a try
cbw279YEV9Y-00091-00020920-00021119 thanks for watching do you have any
cbw279YEV9Y-00092-00021120-00021247 questions with word
cbw279YEV9Y-00093-00021248-00021471 excel or powerpoint that you would like
cbw279YEV9Y-00094-00021472-00021655 answered leave your questions in the
cbw279YEV9Y-00095-00021656-00021878 comments below and i'll see if i can't
cbw279YEV9Y-00096-00021879-00022030 answer those for you
cbw279YEV9Y-00097-00022031-00022247 and if you found this video helpful
cbw279YEV9Y-00098-00022248-00022447 please consider subscribing to my
cbw279YEV9Y-00099-00022448-00022519 channel
cbw279YEV9Y-00100-00022520-00022735 also check out these other helpful
cbw279YEV9Y-00101-00022736-00023095 videos on my channel
ce_qCyoqPxU-00000-00000376-00000574 hey mariners i'm katie nazarian user
ce_qCyoqPxU-00001-00000575-00000807 services librarian at mitchell college
ce_qCyoqPxU-00002-00000808-00000950 i'd like to take a minute to introduce
ce_qCyoqPxU-00003-00000951-00001127 myself so that you have a familiar face
ce_qCyoqPxU-00004-00001128-00001174 when you
ce_qCyoqPxU-00005-00001175-00001399 come to the library you can find me on
ce_qCyoqPxU-00006-00001400-00001535 the upper level
ce_qCyoqPxU-00007-00001536-00001791 either at my desk or at the front desk
ce_qCyoqPxU-00008-00001792-00001959 and i can help you with any questions
ce_qCyoqPxU-00009-00001960-00002134 you have about the library
ce_qCyoqPxU-00010-00002135-00002302 online technologies at mitchell like
ce_qCyoqPxU-00011-00002303-00002567 moodle using the wi-fi and printing on
ce_qCyoqPxU-00012-00002568-00002639 campus
ce_qCyoqPxU-00013-00002640-00002863 or even the college archives i'll be
ce_qCyoqPxU-00014-00002864-00003071 happy to help please don't hesitate to
ce_qCyoqPxU-00015-00003072-00004283 reach out and i look forward to meeting
ce_qCyoqPxU-00016-00004284-00004511 you
ce_qCyoqPxU-00017-00004512-00004720 you
cgXzFx5DNJg-00000-00000060-00000300 Nazis at the center of the earth as a
cgXzFx5DNJg-00001-00000301-00000567 direct-to-video sci-fi film produced by
cgXzFx5DNJg-00002-00000568-00000801 the asylum that stars Dominique Swain
cgXzFx5DNJg-00003-00000802-00001144 and Jake Busey it was released on April
cgXzFx5DNJg-00004-00001145-00001602 24 2012 on blu-ray disc and DVD the
cgXzFx5DNJg-00005-00001603-00001830 United Kingdom release was called blood
cgXzFx5DNJg-00006-00001832-00002131 storm the lexicon day international and
cgXzFx5DNJg-00007-00002132-00002332 films considers the film a ripoff
cgXzFx5DNJg-00008-00002333-00002646 mcbuster aimed at exploiting the hype
cgXzFx5DNJg-00009-00002647-00003402 surrounding the film iron sky
cgXzFx5DNJg-00010-00003403-00003922 topic plot
cgXzFx5DNJg-00011-00003922-00004312 on may 10th 1945 in a secret airport
cgXzFx5DNJg-00012-00004313-00004624 near wurtzburg germany nazi scientist
cgXzFx5DNJg-00013-00004625-00004881 dr. josef mengele along with fellow
cgXzFx5DNJg-00014-00004882-00005131 doctors and soldiers prepared to depart
cgXzFx5DNJg-00015-00005132-00005304 into an unknown location with a
cgXzFx5DNJg-00016-00005305-00005520 mysterious package in their possession
cgXzFx5DNJg-00017-00005521-00005797 they are soon ambushed by the Allied
cgXzFx5DNJg-00018-00005798-00006120 forces but successfully escaped in
cgXzFx5DNJg-00019-00006121-00006409 present day a group of researchers in
cgXzFx5DNJg-00020-00006409-00006673 Antarctica dr. Paige Morgan among them
cgXzFx5DNJg-00021-00006673-00006937 are abducted by a platoon of gas masked
cgXzFx5DNJg-00022-00006938-00007180 soldiers wearing swastika armbands and
cgXzFx5DNJg-00023-00007181-00007381 dragged into a hidden environment in the
cgXzFx5DNJg-00024-00007381-00007669 centre of the earth there they discover
cgXzFx5DNJg-00025-00007670-00007915 that dr. Josef Mengele and a group of
cgXzFx5DNJg-00026-00007916-00008137 surviving Nazi soldiers are plotting an
cgXzFx5DNJg-00027-00008138-00008335 invasion of Earth to create a Fourth
cgXzFx5DNJg-00028-00008336-00008905 Reich
cgXzFx5DNJg-00029-00008906-00009441 topic cast
cgXzFx5DNJg-00030-00009442-00009786 Dominique's Wayne as dr. Paige Morgan
cgXzFx5DNJg-00031-00009787-00010240 Jake Busey as Adrienne reistad joshua
cgXzFx5DNJg-00032-00010241-00010600 michael allen is lucas mas christopher
cgXzFx5DNJg-00033-00010601-00011025 Carl Johnson as dr. Joseph mangle a
cgXzFx5DNJg-00034-00011026-00011461 Leland Bowden as myun Trevor Cunha's
cgXzFx5DNJg-00035-00011462-00011886 Brian Moke Adam birches Marc Maynard
cgXzFx5DNJg-00036-00011887-00012298 Marlene oak nurus siege la Gazan Maria
cgXzFx5DNJg-00037-00012299-00012715 Palace as Angela maglia rosa Andre tenor
cgXzFx5DNJg-00038-00012716-00013075 le as Aaron Blackman abdur-rahim Halle
cgXzFx5DNJg-00039-00013076-00013456 Mia as rahul Jumaane michael Schwab as
cgXzFx5DNJg-00040-00013457-00013985 Adolf Hitler
cgXzFx5DNJg-00041-00013986-00014536 topic production
cgXzFx5DNJg-00042-00014537-00014749 Lawson received the directorial
cgXzFx5DNJg-00043-00014750-00014983 assignment after reading the script and
cgXzFx5DNJg-00044-00014984-00015196 pitching himself as director in the fall
cgXzFx5DNJg-00045-00015197-00015561 of 2011 the film took less than four
cgXzFx5DNJg-00046-00015562-00015883 months to make on Asylum Lawson said
cgXzFx5DNJg-00047-00015884-00016393 they are a low-budget film studio I knew
cgXzFx5DNJg-00048-00016394-00016624 pretty much going in that this was going
cgXzFx5DNJg-00049-00016625-00017028 to be a b-movie we had a 12 day shoot
cgXzFx5DNJg-00050-00017029-00017536 and a budget well south of $200,000 the
cgXzFx5DNJg-00051-00017537-00017752 entire movie was storyboarded by the
cgXzFx5DNJg-00052-00017753-00017974 director shot-for-shot before production
cgXzFx5DNJg-00053-00017975-00018424 began in November 2011 locations for the
cgXzFx5DNJg-00054-00018425-00018649 film included Willow Studios in Los
cgXzFx5DNJg-00055-00018650-00018900 Angeles underground in the Nazi bunker
cgXzFx5DNJg-00056-00018901-00019192 and Niflheim station blue cloud ranch in
cgXzFx5DNJg-00057-00019193-00019444 Santa Clarita opening war night scenes
cgXzFx5DNJg-00058-00019445-00019669 in the underground cavern and The Asylum
cgXzFx5DNJg-00059-00019670-00020017 Studios hallways labs medical rooms
cgXzFx5DNJg-00060-00020018-00020239 repelling scenes and green-screen
cgXzFx5DNJg-00061-00020240-00020619 virtual sets the film features one of
cgXzFx5DNJg-00062-00020620-00020853 the highest visual effects shot counts
cgXzFx5DNJg-00063-00020854-00021228 in an asylum film 379 and the effects
cgXzFx5DNJg-00064-00021229-00021439 were completed in just four weeks
cgXzFx5DNJg-00065-00021440-00021834 in his commentary director Joseph J
cgXzFx5DNJg-00066-00021835-00022087 Lawson cites as his visual influences
cgXzFx5DNJg-00067-00022088-00022396 Steven Spielberg Peter Jackson Sam Raimi
cgXzFx5DNJg-00068-00022397-00022825 John Carpenter John Landis David Lean JJ
cgXzFx5DNJg-00069-00022826-00023547 Abrams and Robert Rodriguez
cgXzFx5DNJg-00070-00023548-00024100 topic reception
cgXzFx5DNJg-00071-00024101-00024355 critical and audience reaction to the
cgXzFx5DNJg-00072-00024356-00024591 film has been mixed with everything from
cgXzFx5DNJg-00073-00024592-00024978 absolute garbage to the Citizen Kane of
cgXzFx5DNJg-00074-00024979-00025300 Asylum films
chUGt6E8uIc-00000-00000016-00000206 everybody's carrying a bottle and
chUGt6E8uIc-00001-00000208-00000415 shipping continuously because
chUGt6E8uIc-00002-00000416-00000751 the marketing machines have done this to
chUGt6E8uIc-00003-00000752-00000799 them
chUGt6E8uIc-00004-00000800-00001070 excessive consumption of water
chUGt6E8uIc-00005-00001071-00001327 especially if it's done in small sips
chUGt6E8uIc-00006-00001328-00001623 will lead to swelling of the brain at
chUGt6E8uIc-00007-00001623-00001710 the same time
chUGt6E8uIc-00008-00001711-00001998 when you need water if you don't drink
chUGt6E8uIc-00009-00002000-00002271 it'll cause damage to the system
chUGt6E8uIc-00010-00002272-00002479 it is not just about drinking liquid
chUGt6E8uIc-00011-00002480-00002599 water you must
chUGt6E8uIc-00012-00002600-00003087 eat high water content foods
chUGt6E8uIc-00013-00003088-00004095 [Music]
chUGt6E8uIc-00014-00004096-00004431 if you don't feel thirsty if you don't
chUGt6E8uIc-00015-00004432-00004543 drink water
chUGt6E8uIc-00016-00004544-00004654 nothing is going to happen you're going
chUGt6E8uIc-00017-00004655-00004951 to be fine it's only in america in cold
chUGt6E8uIc-00018-00004952-00005159 climate everybody's carrying a bottle
chUGt6E8uIc-00019-00005160-00005406 and sipping continuously because the
chUGt6E8uIc-00020-00005407-00005486 marketing
chUGt6E8uIc-00021-00005487-00005759 machines have done this to them that
chUGt6E8uIc-00022-00005760-00005999 they must drink lots of water
chUGt6E8uIc-00023-00006000-00006270 excessive consumption of water
chUGt6E8uIc-00024-00006271-00006542 especially if it's done in small sips
chUGt6E8uIc-00025-00006543-00006759 body absorbs when it absorbs the sodium
chUGt6E8uIc-00026-00006759-00006870 levels
chUGt6E8uIc-00027-00006872-00007223 which are very delicately balanced
chUGt6E8uIc-00028-00007223-00007487 will drop the rest of the body also is
chUGt6E8uIc-00029-00007488-00007623 affected but may not be
chUGt6E8uIc-00030-00007623-00007927 so noticeable but in the brain sodium
chUGt6E8uIc-00031-00007928-00008055 levels dropping
chUGt6E8uIc-00032-00008056-00008319 will lead to swelling of the brain this
chUGt6E8uIc-00033-00008320-00008599 does not mean your brain is growing
chUGt6E8uIc-00034-00008600-00008831 it means swelling means it's a kind of
chUGt6E8uIc-00035-00008832-00008903 sickness
chUGt6E8uIc-00036-00008904-00009199 okay not expansion of the brain it's
chUGt6E8uIc-00037-00009200-00009342 swelling up
chUGt6E8uIc-00038-00009343-00009655 because of lack of sodium content so
chUGt6E8uIc-00039-00009656-00009910 because there's not enough sodium
chUGt6E8uIc-00040-00009911-00010206 more water goes into the brain trying to
chUGt6E8uIc-00041-00010207-00010495 supply the required sodium to keep the
chUGt6E8uIc-00042-00010496-00010823 balance so more water in your brain
chUGt6E8uIc-00043-00010824-00011423 means you will slosh
chUGt6E8uIc-00044-00011424-00011759 psychological imbalances will come
chUGt6E8uIc-00045-00011760-00012055 when when you manage to absorb see if
chUGt6E8uIc-00046-00012056-00012110 you drink
chUGt6E8uIc-00047-00012111-00012535 lots of water at one go body will decide
chUGt6E8uIc-00048-00012536-00012799 how much to absorb how much to throw out
chUGt6E8uIc-00049-00012800-00012886 but if you
chUGt6E8uIc-00050-00012887-00013183 keep sipping through the day body kind
chUGt6E8uIc-00051-00013184-00013215 of
chUGt6E8uIc-00052-00013216-00013519 gets deceived and tends to absorb
chUGt6E8uIc-00053-00013519-00013775 more water than it should but let's say
chUGt6E8uIc-00054-00013776-00013975 right now you drink two liters of water
chUGt6E8uIc-00055-00013976-00014151 all of it is not going to go into the
chUGt6E8uIc-00056-00014152-00014351 system what is needed it will take
chUGt6E8uIc-00057-00014352-00014830 rest of it will be shunted out
chUGt6E8uIc-00058-00014831-00015255 so not consuming water and being out
chUGt6E8uIc-00059-00015256-00015327 there
chUGt6E8uIc-00060-00015328-00015655 is very much a possibility nobody need
chUGt6E8uIc-00061-00015656-00015815 to drink water simply
chUGt6E8uIc-00062-00015816-00015983 because you think it's a good thing to
chUGt6E8uIc-00063-00015984-00016238 do when you feel thirsty you must drink
chUGt6E8uIc-00064-00016240-00016319 water
chUGt6E8uIc-00065-00016319-00016686 just to ensure you're drinking enough
chUGt6E8uIc-00066-00016687-00016935 drink 10 more than what you actually
chUGt6E8uIc-00067-00016936-00017086 need
chUGt6E8uIc-00068-00017087-00017447 a couple of cups more just to ensure
chUGt6E8uIc-00069-00017448-00017711 that you don't drink less
chUGt6E8uIc-00070-00017712-00018127 if you're not the kind who is uh
chUGt6E8uIc-00071-00018128-00018950 carrying a
chUGt6E8uIc-00072-00018951-00019175 water bottle with you every minute of
chUGt6E8uIc-00073-00019176-00019294 the day
chUGt6E8uIc-00074-00019295-00019479 then it's good to drink little extra
chUGt6E8uIc-00075-00019480-00019719 water so that
chUGt6E8uIc-00076-00019720-00019886 when the need comes you have a certain
chUGt6E8uIc-00077-00019887-00020158 amount of time before you can drink
chUGt6E8uIc-00078-00020159-00020455 that it's not an emergency at the same
chUGt6E8uIc-00079-00020456-00020647 time when you need water when you're
chUGt6E8uIc-00080-00020648-00020863 thirsty if you don't drink
chUGt6E8uIc-00081-00020864-00021135 it'll cause damage to the system i would
chUGt6E8uIc-00082-00021136-00021471 say
chUGt6E8uIc-00083-00021472-00021783 this may be very controversial the
chUGt6E8uIc-00084-00021784-00021958 medical
chUGt6E8uIc-00085-00021959-00022391 fraternity will for sure protest on this
chUGt6E8uIc-00086-00022392-00022671 but they will come to it after maybe 20
chUGt6E8uIc-00087-00022672-00022943 years or 30 years
chUGt6E8uIc-00088-00022944-00023271 i would say if everybody consumes good
chUGt6E8uIc-00089-00023272-00023358 water
chUGt6E8uIc-00090-00023359-00023678 in sufficient quantity 50
chUGt6E8uIc-00091-00023679-00023950 of the heart attacks in the world would
chUGt6E8uIc-00092-00023951-00024081 come down
chUGt6E8uIc-00093-00024082-00024214 [Music]
chUGt6E8uIc-00094-00024215-00024622 damage to the heart is immense when
chUGt6E8uIc-00095-00024623-00024855 the water that is needed is not there in
chUGt6E8uIc-00096-00024856-00025119 the system
chUGt6E8uIc-00097-00025120-00025375 but when i say water it is not just
chUGt6E8uIc-00098-00025376-00025550 about drinking liquid water
chUGt6E8uIc-00099-00025551-00025934 you must we eat high water content foods
chUGt6E8uIc-00100-00025935-00026183 if you eat a fruit it's nearly 90
chUGt6E8uIc-00101-00026183-00026351 percent water
chUGt6E8uIc-00102-00026352-00026623 vegetables and other things are over 70
chUGt6E8uIc-00103-00026624-00026743 percent water
chUGt6E8uIc-00104-00026744-00027014 minimum 70 water content must be there
chUGt6E8uIc-00105-00027016-00027239 in the food that you eat
chUGt6E8uIc-00106-00027239-00027662 so uh very low water content food you
chUGt6E8uIc-00107-00027663-00027743 eat
chUGt6E8uIc-00108-00027744-00027935 and it goes and gets stuck in your like
chUGt6E8uIc-00109-00027936-00028135 concrete it sits in your stomach
chUGt6E8uIc-00110-00028136-00028343 now you drink water water water that's
chUGt6E8uIc-00111-00028344-00028558 not going to help
chUGt6E8uIc-00112-00028560-00028751 you must eat high water content foods
chUGt6E8uIc-00113-00028752-00028935 when you consume food
chUGt6E8uIc-00114-00028936-00029214 at least it must be level with the
chUGt6E8uIc-00115-00029216-00029414 percentage of water content in your own
chUGt6E8uIc-00116-00029416-00029502 body
chUGt6E8uIc-00117-00029504-00029695 so any food that you eat should be at
chUGt6E8uIc-00118-00029695-00030007 least 70 percent
chUGt6E8uIc-00119-00030008-00030335 uh water content so this is why
chUGt6E8uIc-00120-00030336-00030574 vegetables fruits must be part of your
chUGt6E8uIc-00121-00030575-00030727 diet so that
chUGt6E8uIc-00122-00030727-00030943 it is there not consuming water in
chUGt6E8uIc-00123-00030944-00031158 certain situations is okay but
chUGt6E8uIc-00124-00031160-00031351 if there's an indication of thirst you
chUGt6E8uIc-00125-00031352-00031502 must drink water
chUGt6E8uIc-00126-00031503-00031687 it's very necessary that you must drink
chUGt6E8uIc-00127-00031688-00031855 water when there's an indication of
chUGt6E8uIc-00128-00031856-00031935 thirst
chUGt6E8uIc-00129-00031936-00032158 because body has its own way when it
chUGt6E8uIc-00130-00032160-00032343 indicates you need water you must give
chUGt6E8uIc-00131-00032344-00032495 it water within
chUGt6E8uIc-00132-00032495-00032767 20 minutes or at least at the most half
chUGt6E8uIc-00133-00032768-00032846 an hour
chUGt6E8uIc-00134-00032847-00033102 you must drink substantial quantity of
chUGt6E8uIc-00135-00033103-00033207 water
chUGt6E8uIc-00136-00033208-00033462 if you drink enough water then body will
chUGt6E8uIc-00137-00033463-00033683 choose how much to take how much to
chUGt6E8uIc-00138-00033684-00033862 reject
chUGt6E8uIc-00139-00033863-00035711 [Music]
chUGt6E8uIc-00140-00035712-00035919 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00000-00000003-00000367 in geology a fault is a planer fracture
ckNwcfw1RFU-00001-00000368-00000578 or discontinuity in a volume of rock
ckNwcfw1RFU-00002-00000579-00000805 across which there has been significant
ckNwcfw1RFU-00003-00000806-00001007 displacement as a result of rock mass
ckNwcfw1RFU-00004-00001008-00001283 movement large faults within the Earth's
ckNwcfw1RFU-00005-00001284-00001495 crust result from the action of plate
ckNwcfw1RFU-00006-00001496-00001739 tectonic forces with the largest forming
ckNwcfw1RFU-00007-00001739-00001934 the boundaries between the plates such
ckNwcfw1RFU-00008-00001935-00002212 as subduction zones or transform faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00009-00002213-00002498 energy release associated with rapid
ckNwcfw1RFU-00010-00002499-00002687 movement on active faults as the cause
ckNwcfw1RFU-00011-00002688-00003032 of most earthquakes a fault plane is the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00012-00003033-00003206 plane that represents the fracture
ckNwcfw1RFU-00013-00003207-00003322 surface of a fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00014-00003323-00003602 a fault trace or fault line as a place
ckNwcfw1RFU-00015-00003603-00003803 where the fault can be seen or mapped on
ckNwcfw1RFU-00016-00003804-00004097 the surface a fault trace is also the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00017-00004098-00004336 line commonly plotted on geologic maps
ckNwcfw1RFU-00018-00004337-00004475 to represent a fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00019-00004476-00004709 since faults do not usually consist of a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00020-00004710-00004979 single clean fracture geologists use the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00021-00004980-00005168 term fault zone when referring to the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00022-00005169-00005422 zone of complex deformation associated
ckNwcfw1RFU-00023-00005423-00005868 with the fault plane
ckNwcfw1RFU-00024-00005869-00006029 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00025-00006030-00006621 topic mechanisms of faulting
ckNwcfw1RFU-00026-00006622-00006856 because of friction and the rigidity of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00027-00006856-00007095 the Constituent rocks the two sides of a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00028-00007096-00007335 fault cannot always glide or flow past
ckNwcfw1RFU-00029-00007336-00007524 each other easily and so occasionally
ckNwcfw1RFU-00030-00007525-00007855 all movement stops the regions of higher
ckNwcfw1RFU-00031-00007856-00008056 friction along a fault plane where it
ckNwcfw1RFU-00032-00008056-00008274 becomes locked are called asperities
ckNwcfw1RFU-00033-00008275-00008553 when a fault is locked stress builds up
ckNwcfw1RFU-00034-00008554-00008763 and when it reaches a level that exceeds
ckNwcfw1RFU-00035-00008764-00008935 the strength threshold the fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00036-00008936-00009124 ruptures in the accumulated strain
ckNwcfw1RFU-00037-00009125-00009352 energy is released in part as seismic
ckNwcfw1RFU-00038-00009353-00009660 waves forming an earthquake strain
ckNwcfw1RFU-00039-00009661-00009933 occurs accumulatively or instantaneously
ckNwcfw1RFU-00040-00009934-00010135 depending on the liquid state of the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00041-00010136-00010341 rock the ductile lower crust and mantle
ckNwcfw1RFU-00042-00010342-00010608 accumulate deformation gradually via
ckNwcfw1RFU-00043-00010609-00010821 shearing whereas the brittle upper crust
ckNwcfw1RFU-00044-00010822-00011080 reacts by fracture instantaneous stress
ckNwcfw1RFU-00045-00011081-00011271 release resulting in motion along the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00046-00011272-00011587 fault a Fault in ductile rocks can also
ckNwcfw1RFU-00047-00011588-00011817 release instantaneously when the strain
ckNwcfw1RFU-00048-00011818-00012281 rate is too great
ckNwcfw1RFU-00049-00012282-00012442 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00050-00012443-00012862 topic slip Keef throw
ckNwcfw1RFU-00051-00012863-00013041 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00052-00013041-00013284 slip is defined as the relative movement
ckNwcfw1RFU-00053-00013285-00013527 of geological features present on either
ckNwcfw1RFU-00054-00013528-00013824 side of a fault plane a false sense of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00055-00013825-00014055 slip as defined as the relative motion
ckNwcfw1RFU-00056-00014056-00014226 of the rock on each side of the fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00057-00014227-00014426 with respect to the other side in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00058-00014427-00014657 measuring the horizontal or vertical
ckNwcfw1RFU-00059-00014658-00014901 separation the throw of the fault as the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00060-00014902-00015116 vertical component of the separation and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00061-00015118-00015266 the heave of the fault as the horizontal
ckNwcfw1RFU-00062-00015268-00015647 component as in throw up and heave out
ckNwcfw1RFU-00063-00015647-00015954 the vector of slip can be qualitatively
ckNwcfw1RFU-00064-00015955-00016200 assessed by studying any drag folding of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00065-00016201-00016392 strata which may be visible on either
ckNwcfw1RFU-00066-00016393-00016584 side of the fault the direction and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00067-00016585-00016769 magnitude of heave and throw can be
ckNwcfw1RFU-00068-00016770-00016922 measured only by finding common
ckNwcfw1RFU-00069-00016923-00017130 intersection points on either side of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00070-00017131-00017364 the fault called a piercing point in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00071-00017365-00017667 practice it is usually only possible to
ckNwcfw1RFU-00072-00017668-00017883 find the slip direction of faults and an
ckNwcfw1RFU-00073-00017884-00018044 approximation of the heave and throw
ckNwcfw1RFU-00074-00018045-00018472 vector
ckNwcfw1RFU-00075-00018473-00018633 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00076-00018634-00019276 topic hanging wall and footwall
ckNwcfw1RFU-00077-00019277-00019519 the two sides of a non vertical fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00078-00019520-00019678 are known as the hanging wall and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00079-00019679-00019957 footwall the hanging wall occurs above
ckNwcfw1RFU-00080-00019958-00020149 the fault plane and the foot wall occurs
ckNwcfw1RFU-00081-00020150-00020443 below it this terminology comes from
ckNwcfw1RFU-00082-00020444-00020659 mining when working a tabular or body
ckNwcfw1RFU-00083-00020660-00020866 the miner stood with the foot wall under
ckNwcfw1RFU-00084-00020867-00021046 his feet and with the hanging wall above
ckNwcfw1RFU-00085-00021047-00021422 him
ckNwcfw1RFU-00086-00021423-00021583 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00087-00021584-00021933 topic fault types
ckNwcfw1RFU-00088-00021934-00022127 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00089-00022128-00022391 based on direction of slip faults can be
ckNwcfw1RFU-00090-00022392-00022718 categorized as strike-slip where the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00091-00022719-00022934 offset is predominantly horizontal
ckNwcfw1RFU-00092-00022935-00023261 parallel to the fault trace dip slip
ckNwcfw1RFU-00093-00023262-00023519 offset is predominantly vertical and/or
ckNwcfw1RFU-00094-00023520-00023858 perpendicular to the fault trace oblique
ckNwcfw1RFU-00095-00023859-00024296 slip combining strike and dip slip
ckNwcfw1RFU-00096-00024297-00024544 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00097-00024545-00025119 topic strike-slip faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00098-00025120-00025386 in a strike-slip fault also known as a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00099-00025387-00025594 wrench fault tare fault or transcurrent
ckNwcfw1RFU-00100-00025595-00025855 fault the fault surface plane is usually
ckNwcfw1RFU-00101-00025856-00026034 near vertical and the foot wall moves
ckNwcfw1RFU-00102-00026035-00026248 laterally either left or right with very
ckNwcfw1RFU-00103-00026249-00026496 little vertical motion strike-slip
ckNwcfw1RFU-00104-00026497-00026764 faults with left lateral motion are also
ckNwcfw1RFU-00105-00026764-00027039 known as sinestro faults those with
ckNwcfw1RFU-00106-00027041-00027252 right lateral motion are also known as
ckNwcfw1RFU-00107-00027253-00027514 dextral faults each is defined by the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00108-00027514-00027706 direction of movement of the ground as
ckNwcfw1RFU-00109-00027707-00027868 would be seen by an observer on the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00110-00027869-00028192 opposite side of the fault a special
ckNwcfw1RFU-00111-00028193-00028389 class of strike-slip fault as the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00112-00028391-00028590 transform fault when it forms a plate
ckNwcfw1RFU-00113-00028591-00028885 boundary this class is related to an
ckNwcfw1RFU-00114-00028886-00029107 offset in a spreading Center such as a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00115-00029108-00029337 mid-ocean ridge or less common within
ckNwcfw1RFU-00116-00029338-00029568 continental lithosphere such as the Dead
ckNwcfw1RFU-00117-00029569-00029790 Sea transform in the Middle East or the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00118-00029791-00030093 Alpine Fault in New Zealand transform
ckNwcfw1RFU-00119-00030094-00030287 faults are also referred to as
ckNwcfw1RFU-00120-00030288-00030612 conservative plate boundaries in asmik
ckNwcfw1RFU-00121-00030613-00030808 as lithosphere is neither created nor
ckNwcfw1RFU-00122-00030808-00031095 destroyed
ckNwcfw1RFU-00123-00031096-00031341 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00124-00031342-00031898 topic dipped slip faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00125-00031899-00032161 dips lip faults can be either normal
ckNwcfw1RFU-00126-00032162-00032594 extensional or reverse in a normal fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00127-00032595-00032819 the hanging wall moves downward relative
ckNwcfw1RFU-00128-00032820-00033071 to the footwall a down thrown block
ckNwcfw1RFU-00129-00033072-00033260 between two normal faults dipping
ckNwcfw1RFU-00130-00033261-00033524 towards each other as a grabbin an up
ckNwcfw1RFU-00131-00033525-00033735 thrown block between two normal faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00132-00033736-00033960 dipping away from each other as a Horst
ckNwcfw1RFU-00133-00033961-00034241 low angle normal faults with regional
ckNwcfw1RFU-00134-00034242-00034487 tectonic significance may be designated
ckNwcfw1RFU-00135-00034488-00034832 detachment faults a reverse fault is the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00136-00034833-00035075 opposite of a normal fault the hanging
ckNwcfw1RFU-00137-00035076-00035290 wall moves up relative to the footwall
ckNwcfw1RFU-00138-00035291-00035561 reverse faults indicate compressive
ckNwcfw1RFU-00139-00035562-00035783 shortening of the crust the dip of a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00140-00035784-00035972 reverse fault is relatively steep
ckNwcfw1RFU-00141-00035973-00036353 greater than 45 degrees the terminologia
ckNwcfw1RFU-00142-00036354-00036767 normal end reverse comes from coal
ckNwcfw1RFU-00143-00036768-00036995 mining in England where normal faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00144-00036996-00037196 are the most common a thrust fault has
ckNwcfw1RFU-00145-00037197-00037391 the same sense of motion as a reverse
ckNwcfw1RFU-00146-00037392-00037556 fault but with the dip of the fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00147-00037557-00037886 plane at less than 45 degrees thrust
ckNwcfw1RFU-00148-00037887-00038144 faults typically form ramps flats and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00149-00038145-00038321 fault Bend hanging wall and footwall
ckNwcfw1RFU-00150-00038322-00038696 folds flat segments of thrust fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00151-00038697-00038912 planes are known as flats and inclined
ckNwcfw1RFU-00152-00038913-00039080 sections of the thrust are known as
ckNwcfw1RFU-00153-00039081-00039380 ramps typically thrust faults move
ckNwcfw1RFU-00154-00039381-00039611 within formations by forming flats and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00155-00039612-00039941 climb up sections with ramps fault Ben
ckNwcfw1RFU-00156-00039942-00040121 folds are formed by movement of the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00157-00040122-00040316 hanging wall over a non planar fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00158-00040317-00040523 surface and are found associated with
ckNwcfw1RFU-00159-00040524-00040771 both extensional and thrust faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00160-00040772-00041036 faults may be reactivated at a later
ckNwcfw1RFU-00161-00041037-00041225 time with the movement in the opposite
ckNwcfw1RFU-00162-00041226-00041429 direction to the original movement fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00163-00041430-00041729 inversion a normal fault may therefore
ckNwcfw1RFU-00164-00041730-00041986 become a reverse fault and vice-versa
ckNwcfw1RFU-00165-00041987-00042281 thrust faults form naps and clippin in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00166-00042282-00042554 the large thrust belts subduction zones
ckNwcfw1RFU-00167-00042555-00042785 are a special class of thrusts that form
ckNwcfw1RFU-00168-00042786-00042965 the largest faults on earth and give
ckNwcfw1RFU-00169-00042966-00043392 rise to the largest earthquakes
ckNwcfw1RFU-00170-00043393-00043642 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00171-00043643-00044240 topic oblique slip fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00172-00044241-00044453 a fault which has a component of dip
ckNwcfw1RFU-00173-00044454-00044678 slip and a component of strike-slip has
ckNwcfw1RFU-00174-00044679-00044849 termed an oblique slip fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00175-00044850-00045134 nearly all faults have some component of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00176-00045135-00045344 both dip slip and strike slip so
ckNwcfw1RFU-00177-00045345-00045542 defining a fault is oblique requires
ckNwcfw1RFU-00178-00045543-00045752 both dip and strike components to be
ckNwcfw1RFU-00179-00045753-00046019 measurable and significant some oblique
ckNwcfw1RFU-00180-00046020-00046271 faults occur within trance tensional and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00181-00046272-00046502 transgression already mess others occur
ckNwcfw1RFU-00182-00046503-00046691 where the direction of extension are
ckNwcfw1RFU-00183-00046692-00046838 shortening changes during the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00184-00046839-00047024 deformation but the earlier formed
ckNwcfw1RFU-00185-00047025-00047342 faults remain active the hate angle is
ckNwcfw1RFU-00186-00047343-00047531 defined as the complement of the dip
ckNwcfw1RFU-00187-00047532-00047735 angle it is the angle between the fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00188-00047736-00047930 plane and a vertical plane that strikes
ckNwcfw1RFU-00189-00047931-00048293 parallel to the fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00190-00048294-00048541 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00191-00048542-00049069 topic list rick fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00192-00049070-00049297 lister 'ok faults are similar to normal
ckNwcfw1RFU-00193-00049298-00049510 faults but the fault plane curves the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00194-00049511-00049717 dip being steeper near the surface then
ckNwcfw1RFU-00195-00049718-00049987 shallower with increased depth the dip
ckNwcfw1RFU-00196-00049988-00050209 may flatten into a sub horizontal de
ckNwcfw1RFU-00197-00050210-00050440 column on resulting in horizontal slip
ckNwcfw1RFU-00198-00050441-00050746 on a horizontal plane the illustration
ckNwcfw1RFU-00199-00050747-00050941 shows slumping of the hanging wall along
ckNwcfw1RFU-00200-00050942-00051208 a list recalled where the hanging wall
ckNwcfw1RFU-00201-00051209-00051436 is absent such as on a cliff the foot
ckNwcfw1RFU-00202-00051437-00051630 wall may slump in a manner that creates
ckNwcfw1RFU-00203-00051632-00052031 multiple lists Rick Fox
ckNwcfw1RFU-00204-00052032-00052282 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00205-00052283-00052984 topic rain fault ring faults also known
ckNwcfw1RFU-00206-00052985-00053205 as caldera faults are faults that occur
ckNwcfw1RFU-00207-00053207-00053437 within collapsed volcanic calderas and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00208-00053438-00053650 the sites of bolide strikes such as the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00209-00053651-00053979 Chesapeake Bay impact crater ring faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00210-00053980-00054132 are result of a series of overlapping
ckNwcfw1RFU-00211-00054133-00054462 normal faults forming a circular outline
ckNwcfw1RFU-00212-00054463-00054736 fractures created by ring faults may be
ckNwcfw1RFU-00213-00054737-00055075 filled by ring dikes
ckNwcfw1RFU-00214-00055076-00055323 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00215-00055324-00055789 topic synthetic and antithetic faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00216-00055790-00055973 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00217-00055974-00056219 synthetic and antithetic faults are
ckNwcfw1RFU-00218-00056220-00056423 terms used to describe minor faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00219-00056424-00056641 associated with a major fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00220-00056641-00056858 synthetic faults dip in the same
ckNwcfw1RFU-00221-00056859-00057050 direction as the major fault while the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00222-00057051-00057241 antithetic faults dip in the opposite
ckNwcfw1RFU-00223-00057242-00057464 direction these faults may be
ckNwcfw1RFU-00224-00057465-00057734 accompanied by rollover anticlines eg
ckNwcfw1RFU-00225-00057735-00058184 the Niger Delta structural style topic
ckNwcfw1RFU-00226-00058185-00058391 fault rock all faults have a measurable
ckNwcfw1RFU-00227-00058391-00058583 thickness made up of deformed Rock
ckNwcfw1RFU-00228-00058584-00058799 characteristic of the level in the crust
ckNwcfw1RFU-00229-00058800-00058985 where the faulting happened of the rock
ckNwcfw1RFU-00230-00058986-00059171 types affected by the fault and of the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00231-00059172-00059369 presence and nature of any mineralizing
ckNwcfw1RFU-00232-00059370-00059684 fluids fault rocks are classified by
ckNwcfw1RFU-00233-00059685-00059885 their textures in the implied mechanism
ckNwcfw1RFU-00234-00059886-00060158 of deformation a fault that passes
ckNwcfw1RFU-00235-00060159-00060290 through different levels of the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00236-00060291-00060466 lithosphere will have many different
ckNwcfw1RFU-00237-00060467-00060674 types of fault rock developed along its
ckNwcfw1RFU-00238-00060675-00061019 surface continued dip slip displacement
ckNwcfw1RFU-00239-00061020-00061204 tends to juxtapose fault rocks
ckNwcfw1RFU-00240-00061204-00061409 characteristic of different crustal
ckNwcfw1RFU-00241-00061410-00061559 levels with varying degrees of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00242-00061560-00061859 overprinting this effect is particularly
ckNwcfw1RFU-00243-00061860-00062102 clear in the case of detachment faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00244-00062103-00062390 and major thrust faults the main types
ckNwcfw1RFU-00245-00062391-00062633 of fault rock include cattle a site a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00246-00062634-00062828 fault rock which is cohesive with a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00247-00062829-00063091 poorly developed or absent planar fabric
ckNwcfw1RFU-00248-00063092-00063329 or witches in cohesive characterised by
ckNwcfw1RFU-00249-00063329-00063533 generally angular clasts and rock
ckNwcfw1RFU-00250-00063534-00063754 fragments in a finer grained matrix of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00251-00063755-00064054 similar composition tectonic or fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00252-00064055-00064313 breccia a medium to coarse grained kadek
ckNwcfw1RFU-00253-00064314-00064514 class site containing greater than 30%
ckNwcfw1RFU-00254-00064515-00064862 visible fragments fault gouge and in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00255-00064863-00065104 cohesive clay rich find to ultra fine
ckNwcfw1RFU-00256-00065105-00065291 grained cadet class site which may
ckNwcfw1RFU-00257-00065291-00065501 possess a planar fabric and containing
ckNwcfw1RFU-00258-00065502-00065762 clay smear clay rich fault gouge formed
ckNwcfw1RFU-00259-00065763-00066002 in sedimentary sequences containing clay
ckNwcfw1RFU-00260-00066003-00066224 rich layers which are strongly deformed
ckNwcfw1RFU-00261-00066225-00066482 and sheared into the fault gouge mile a
ckNwcfw1RFU-00262-00066483-00066737 night a fault rock which is cohesive and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00263-00066738-00066950 characterized by a well-developed planar
ckNwcfw1RFU-00264-00066951-00067211 fabric resulting from tectonic reduction
ckNwcfw1RFU-00265-00067212-00067439 of grain size and commonly containing
ckNwcfw1RFU-00266-00067440-00067637 rounded pore Furyk lasts and rock
ckNwcfw1RFU-00267-00067638-00067856 fragments of similar composition to
ckNwcfw1RFU-00268-00067857-00068036 minerals in the matrix pseudo tack
ckNwcfw1RFU-00269-00068037-00068291 alight ultra fine-grained glassy looking
ckNwcfw1RFU-00270-00068292-00068540 material usually black and flinty in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00271-00068541-00068732 appearance occurring as thin planar
ckNwcfw1RFU-00272-00068733-00069008 veins injection veins or as a matrix to
ckNwcfw1RFU-00273-00069009-00069197 pseudo conglomerates or breccia s--
ckNwcfw1RFU-00274-00069198-00069353 which in fills dilation
ckNwcfw1RFU-00275-00069354-00069843 fractures in the host rock
ckNwcfw1RFU-00276-00069844-00070002 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00277-00070003-00070685 topic impacts on structures and people
ckNwcfw1RFU-00278-00070686-00070943 in geotechnical engineering a fault
ckNwcfw1RFU-00279-00070944-00071165 often forms a discontinuity that may
ckNwcfw1RFU-00280-00071166-00071324 have a large influence on the mechanical
ckNwcfw1RFU-00281-00071325-00071687 behavior strength deformation etc of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00282-00071688-00071930 soil and rock masses in for example
ckNwcfw1RFU-00283-00071931-00072208 tunnel foundation or slope construction
ckNwcfw1RFU-00284-00072209-00072494 the level of a faults activity can be
ckNwcfw1RFU-00285-00072495-00072704 critical for when locating buildings
ckNwcfw1RFU-00286-00072705-00072980 tanks and pipelines and to assessing the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00287-00072981-00073199 seismic shaking and tsunami hazard to
ckNwcfw1RFU-00288-00073200-00073367 infrastructure and people in the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00289-00073368-00073715 vicinity in California for example new
ckNwcfw1RFU-00290-00073716-00073874 building construction has been
ckNwcfw1RFU-00291-00073875-00074105 prohibited directly on our near faults
ckNwcfw1RFU-00292-00074106-00074258 that have moved within the Holocene
ckNwcfw1RFU-00293-00074259-00074477 epoch the last eleven thousand seven
ckNwcfw1RFU-00294-00074478-00074684 hundred years of the Earth's geological
ckNwcfw1RFU-00295-00074685-00074972 history also faults that have shown
ckNwcfw1RFU-00296-00074973-00075149 movement during the Holocene plus
ckNwcfw1RFU-00297-00075150-00075443 Pleistocene epochs the last 2.6 million
ckNwcfw1RFU-00298-00075444-00075653 years may receive consideration
ckNwcfw1RFU-00299-00075654-00075887 especially for critical structures such
ckNwcfw1RFU-00300-00075888-00076142 as power plants dams hospitals and
ckNwcfw1RFU-00301-00076143-00076505 schools geologists assess a fault age by
ckNwcfw1RFU-00302-00076506-00076724 studying soil features seen in shallow
ckNwcfw1RFU-00303-00076725-00076988 excavations in geomorphology seen in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00304-00076989-00077294 aerial photographs subsurface Clues
ckNwcfw1RFU-00305-00077295-00077504 include shears and their relationships
ckNwcfw1RFU-00306-00077505-00077789 to carbonate nodules eroded clay an iron
ckNwcfw1RFU-00307-00077790-00078023 oxide mineralization in the case of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00308-00078024-00078263 older soil and lack of such signs in the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00309-00078264-00078587 case of younger soil radiocarbon dating
ckNwcfw1RFU-00310-00078588-00078827 of organic material buried next to or
ckNwcfw1RFU-00311-00078828-00079052 over a fault shear as often critical in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00312-00079053-00079232 distinguishing active from an active
ckNwcfw1RFU-00313-00079233-00079562 faults from such relationships paleo
ckNwcfw1RFU-00314-00079563-00079808 seismologists can estimate the sizes of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00315-00079809-00080018 past earthquakes over the past several
ckNwcfw1RFU-00316-00080019-00080195 hundred years and develop rough
ckNwcfw1RFU-00317-00080196-00080768 projections of future fault activity
ckNwcfw1RFU-00318-00080769-00080931 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00319-00080932-00081544 topic faults and/or deposits
ckNwcfw1RFU-00320-00081545-00081883 many ore deposits lie on faults this is
ckNwcfw1RFU-00321-00081884-00082093 due to the fact that damaged fault zones
ckNwcfw1RFU-00322-00082094-00082291 allow for the circulation of mineral
ckNwcfw1RFU-00323-00082292-00082561 bearing fluids intersections of
ckNwcfw1RFU-00324-00082562-00082807 near-vertical faults are often locations
ckNwcfw1RFU-00325-00082808-00083065 of significant ore deposits an example
ckNwcfw1RFU-00326-00083066-00083275 of a fault hosting valuable porphyry
ckNwcfw1RFU-00327-00083276-00083524 copper deposits as northern Chili's dome
ckNwcfw1RFU-00328-00083525-00083731 a co fault with deposits at chuquicamata
ckNwcfw1RFU-00329-00083732-00084061 kala huazi el abre el salvador la
ckNwcfw1RFU-00330-00084062-00084400 Escondida and Patraeus further south in
ckNwcfw1RFU-00331-00084401-00084580 Chile los bronzes in El Teniente
ckNwcfw1RFU-00332-00084581-00084859 porphyry copper deposit lie each at the
ckNwcfw1RFU-00333-00084860-00085400 intersection of two fault systems
ckNwcfw1RFU-00334-00085401-00085565 you
ckNwcfw1RFU-00335-00085566-00086324 topic see also fault scarp a small step
ckNwcfw1RFU-00336-00086325-00086537 or offset on the ground surface where
ckNwcfw1RFU-00337-00086538-00086753 one side of a fault has moved vertically
ckNwcfw1RFU-00338-00086754-00087133 with respect to the other fault block
ckNwcfw1RFU-00339-00087134-00087497 mitigation of seismic motion mountain
ckNwcfw1RFU-00340-00087498-00087761 formation the geological processes that
ckNwcfw1RFU-00341-00087762-00088070 underlie the formation of mountains or
ckNwcfw1RFU-00342-00088071-00088390 Rajini the formation of mountain ranges
ckNwcfw1RFU-00343-00088391-00088946 seismic hazard striation geology equals
ckNwcfw1RFU-00344-00088947-00089219 equals nodes
ckS9CVDKagU-00000-00000000-00001654 you
ckS9CVDKagU-00001-00001655-00002735 letari why demon after with countless
ckS9CVDKagU-00002-00002736-00003139 worlds birth in the region's wait you
ckS9CVDKagU-00003-00003140-00003435 answered the call
ckS9CVDKagU-00004-00003436-00003743 yet these mortals in their ignorance
ckS9CVDKagU-00005-00003744-00004056 they have come to destroy their own
ckS9CVDKagU-00006-00004057-00004746 salvation a time short I will deal with
ckS9CVDKagU-00007-00004747-00005124 these intruders you must venture to
ckS9CVDKagU-00008-00005125-00005400 module and retrieve the sake right
ckS9CVDKagU-00009-00005401-00006060 Keystone now go but remember should you
ckS9CVDKagU-00010-00006061-00007164 fail all worlds will burn the are guerra
ckS9CVDKagU-00011-00007165-00007467 sees Keystone is the crux of my plan to
ckS9CVDKagU-00012-00007468-00007806 defeat the burning legion it is also
ckS9CVDKagU-00013-00007806-00008223 your only way back find it and return to
ckS9CVDKagU-00014-00008224-00008508 the Black Temple
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00000-00000000-00000286 Josef Ackermann project is a project
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00001-00000287-00000566 that it's happening in 15 European
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00002-00000567-00000776 countries there are five caravans
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00003-00000777-00000941 travelling each of them in three
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00004-00000942-00001373 countries to meet organizations people
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00005-00001374-00001709 series institutions anything that works
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00006-00001710-00002000 for better Europe and more solidary one
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00007-00002001-00002518 more open-minded more ecological humor
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00008-00002519-00002897 progresses so each root of the caravans
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00009-00002898-00003254 that would plant and organized is about
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00010-00003254-00003527 12 days long but it took so much more
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00011-00003528-00003820 time beforehand to to gather people who
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00012-00003821-00004106 would be interested to join the teams to
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00013-00004107-00004268 train them to prepare them to become
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00014-00004269-00004445 trainers and multipliers and
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00015-00004446-00004652 facilitators and go in destroyed in
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00016-00004653-00004795 different countries and work with people
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00017-00004796-00005129 they will meet for them to finally set
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00018-00005130-00005324 off with their caravans that is starting
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00019-00005325-00005497 now like this day so we are very excited
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00020-00005498-00005711 because three caravans are already on
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00021-00005712-00005927 their way during the transfer of a
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00022-00005928-00006252 caravans we're going to connect like a
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00023-00006253-00006646 lot of people like citizens collect
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00024-00006647-00006859 their stories but also connect their
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00025-00006861-00007139 struggles and visit initiatives that are
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00026-00007140-00007334 already working on all these struggles
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00027-00007334-00007696 and also different ideas like for the
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00028-00007697-00007999 future of Europe and we hope to also be
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00029-00008000-00008224 able to share like some of our knowledge
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00030-00008225-00008534 our skills with them and to join forces
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00031-00008535-00008933 to inform people and engage them to
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00032-00008934-00009181 build a greater Europe together and to
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00033-00009182-00009392 actually vote this time to make that
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00034-00009393-00009877 happen
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00035-00009878-00010166 so we are meeting different places
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00036-00010167-00010412 different people and we are deciding if
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00037-00010413-00010945 this specific place or action is it can
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00038-00010946-00011138 be considered a good practice so
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00039-00011139-00011294 something that other people in other
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00040-00011295-00011635 countries can either join or implement
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00041-00011636-00012020 in their countries on the local like in
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00042-00012021-00012214 the local reality we want to show that
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00043-00012215-00012694 Europe is something different than our
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00044-00012695-00012922 nationalistic leaders may be talking
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00045-00012923-00013294 about or a bit different from the idea
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00046-00013295-00013447 that maybe the European Commission is
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00047-00013448-00013700 trying to present I mean it really is a
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00048-00013701-00013910 collection of identities stories
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00049-00013911-00014336 struggles people's lives lifestyles as
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00050-00014337-00014588 we could see in the visa great Caravan
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00051-00014588-00014908 that is already on their way there are
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00052-00014909-00015146 stories of Ukrainians Serbians people
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00053-00015147-00015422 who are not in you citizens but they are
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00054-00015422-00015587 living in the EU and they have their own
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00055-00015588-00016800 story to tell and that's still Europe
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00056-00016801-00017192 beyond the nation-state together from
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00057-00017193-00017500 Lisbon to Warsaw from London to Rome
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00058-00017501-00017924 from Athens to Berlin then we know that
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00059-00017925-00018155 we can solve those problems together and
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00060-00018156-00018487 be stronger then only fighting in our
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00061-00018488-00018734 local community or in the nation-state
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00062-00018735-00019043 which definitely in my opinion will not
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00063-00019044-00019375 be able to solve problems like the
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00064-00019376-00019790 migration or climate change or financial
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00065-00019791-00020177 capitalism and we want to connect so
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00066-00020178-00020387 sometimes there are small places of
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00067-00020388-00020696 resistance or some struggles that people
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00068-00020697-00020912 are sharing on the global perspective we
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00069-00020913-00021130 will be travelling through a Germany
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00070-00021131-00021409 Austria and Hungary but we have 15
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00071-00021410-00021605 activists who will be visiting also
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00072-00021606-00021950 Portugal and Spain and France and Italy
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00073-00021951-00022394 and yes so so sometimes the struggles
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00074-00022395-00022555 are similar but people don't know about
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00075-00022556-00022789 their existence even so we want to
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00076-00022790-00023011 connect them both internationally and
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00077-00023012-00023141 maybe even look
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00078-00023142-00024143 I think all of us decided to take work
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00079-00024144-00024413 of this project because we care and we
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00080-00024414-00024779 think that there are things going on in
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00081-00024780-00025022 Europe that actually show that not
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00082-00025023-00025222 everything is negative and not only like
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00083-00025223-00025397 the far right is winning and therefore
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00084-00025398-00025730 it's like our duty as citizens to to act
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00085-00025731-00026002 in in the way we can and to to give
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00086-00026004-00026186 visibility to these organizations and
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00087-00026187-00026437 people and individuals that throughout
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00088-00026438-00026804 Europe give faith and an hope that the
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00089-00026805-00027358 future is actually can be better I think
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00090-00027360-00027640 it's speaking about European elections
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00091-00027641-00027958 it's extremely important what we're
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00092-00027960-00028232 trying to do I hope we will be
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00093-00028233-00028427 successful in trying to spread the word
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00094-00028427-00028987 about European elections because never
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00095-00028988-00029501 before today since the European Union
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00096-00029502-00029795 was first founded we have been in such
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00097-00029795-00030293 troubling times as today we have global
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00098-00030294-00030650 challenges that we can face only if we
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00099-00030651-00031013 stay united as Europe national states
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00100-00031014-00031451 have very little prospects to be able to
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00101-00031452-00031696 face these global challenges alone
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00102-00031697-00031931 starting from the environment which is a
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00103-00031932-00032486 very big topic these days but also to to
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00104-00032487-00032735 really protect these spaces the Civic
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00105-00032736-00032939 spaces that people have that people have
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00106-00032940-00033290 created and that are threatened to be
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00107-00033291-00033617 shut down or to be you know boycotted in
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00108-00033618-00033959 some other ways with anti-democratic
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00109-00033960-00034310 laws anti-democratic politicians which
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00110-00034311-00034508 is something very dangerous and this is
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00111-00034509-00034832 why with European elections and by going
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00112-00034833-00035069 to vote in European elections we have it
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00113-00035070-00035369 an opportunity to really say no to all
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00114-00035370-00035789 this and to make a statement
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00115-00035790-00036071 the active be critical be conscious go
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00116-00036072-00036256 and vote
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00117-00036257-00037323 [Laughter]
cnyFCsu9ZWA-00118-00037324-00037530 you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00000-00000112-00000318 hello welcome everybody to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00001-00000319-00000534 this latest webinar from internews's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00002-00000535-00000726 earth journalism network we're very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00003-00000727-00000950 pleased you can join us today
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00004-00000951-00001262 to talk about conservation and the age
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00005-00001263-00001335 of covid
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00006-00001336-00001687 and how conservation areas are adjusting
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00007-00001688-00001847 to the loss of tourism which has always
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00008-00001848-00001975 been a major
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00009-00001976-00002295 revenue earner for many of these uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00010-00002296-00002623 vital areas um we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00011-00002624-00002815 are very pleased to have a spectacular
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00012-00002816-00003023 group of panelists who will be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00013-00003024-00003295 speaking this mor today i'm going to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00014-00003296-00003519 introduce them in a moment but first
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00015-00003520-00003751 a few words of introduction about the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00016-00003752-00003951 earth journalism network
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00017-00003952-00004247 in case you're not familiar with us we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00018-00004248-00004286 are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00019-00004287-00004567 a global community of over 12 000
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00020-00004568-00004686 journalists
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00021-00004687-00004959 from more than 180 countries who all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00022-00004960-00005070 dedicated to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00023-00005071-00005327 improving coverage of the environment
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00024-00005328-00005454 climate change
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00025-00005455-00005799 health and related issues um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00026-00005800-00006015 if you're if you're interested in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00027-00006016-00006159 learning more about us please check out
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00028-00006160-00006238 our website
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00029-00006239-00006646 at www.earthjournalism.net
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00030-00006647-00006798 if you're a journalist and you're not a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00031-00006800-00006951 member yet please do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00032-00006952-00007223 register on the site registration is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00033-00007223-00007270 free
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00034-00007272-00007583 and we have lots of opportunities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00035-00007584-00007767 available for professional journalists
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00036-00007768-00008014 including story grants
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00037-00008015-00008239 organizational grants training workshops
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00038-00008240-00008423 and the like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00039-00008424-00008631 and and that's your this is your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00040-00008632-00008823 opportunity to apply for these
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00041-00008824-00009023 and we hope to to work with you and to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00042-00009024-00009342 collaborate with you more in the future
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00043-00009343-00009735 this particular webinar is a part of our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00044-00009736-00009942 project called the biodiversity media
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00045-00009943-00010103 initiative we actually have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00046-00010104-00010383 a series of webinars on biodiversity
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00047-00010384-00010527 that we're going to be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00048-00010528-00010783 uh holding over the next three years so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00049-00010784-00010838 please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00050-00010839-00011246 do check out these in the future as well
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00051-00011247-00011559 we uh also again are offering
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00052-00011560-00011742 uh other opportunities for journalists
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00053-00011743-00011991 interested in reporting on biodiversity
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00054-00011992-00012287 with uh we have a story grants call that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00055-00012288-00012367 will be open
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00056-00012368-00012606 any day now so if you have ideas for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00057-00012607-00012687 stories
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00058-00012688-00012935 that you'd like to find support for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00059-00012936-00013175 please do feel free to apply
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00060-00013176-00013358 and you can learn more about that on our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00061-00013359-00013575 website but now let's turn to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00062-00013576-00013855 subject of this webinar
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00063-00013856-00014079 as you're probably aware many
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00064-00014080-00014199 conservation groups
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00065-00014200-00014463 are struggling uh they're being forced
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00066-00014463-00014655 to adjust to the dramatic decline in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00067-00014656-00014863 tourism during the pandemic
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00068-00014863-00015135 uh leading to a loss of work reduced
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00069-00015136-00015263 incomes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00070-00015263-00015527 and in some cases a return to damaging
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00071-00015528-00015679 activities such as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00072-00015680-00016030 illegal poaching uh so how are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00073-00016031-00016199 conservation areas adjusting what are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00074-00016200-00016391 they doing this is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00075-00016392-00016639 we want to get some ideas for solutions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00076-00016640-00016727 here not just
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00077-00016728-00016935 talk about the problems and so we're
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00078-00016936-00017079 very pleased to have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00079-00017080-00017319 with us today a distinguished group of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00080-00017320-00017447 panelists
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00081-00017448-00017767 including joanna elliot who is a senior
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00082-00017768-00017886 conservation director
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00083-00017887-00018086 at fauna and flora international she's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00084-00018087-00018279 based in the uk
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00085-00018280-00018527 we have amanda acosta the executive
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00086-00018528-00018599 director
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00087-00018600-00018958 of the belize audubon society
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00088-00018959-00019271 justine vaz the general manager of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00089-00019272-00019407 habitat foundation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00090-00019408-00019767 in malaysia and nela manjate
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00091-00019768-00020063 the agricultural livelihoods manager at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00092-00020064-00020407 gorongosa national park in mozambique
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00093-00020408-00020583 thank you very much all of you for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00094-00020584-00020775 joining us we're looking forward to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00095-00020776-00020886 hearing from you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00096-00020887-00021214 so the idea here is the panelists will
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00097-00021215-00021278 speak
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00098-00021279-00021630 briefly to to talk about their work
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00099-00021631-00021950 we hope to spend roughly the first half
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00100-00021951-00022030 hour
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00101-00022031-00022303 of this webinar listen hearing from them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00102-00022304-00022471 and then we will open it up for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00103-00022472-00022599 questions from all of you in the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00104-00022600-00022663 audience
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00105-00022664-00022911 we certainly encourage you to ask
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00106-00022912-00023055 questions to do so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00107-00023056-00023239 you'll see at the bottom of your zoom
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00108-00023240-00023391 screen that there's a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00109-00023392-00023783 q a button please use that feature
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00110-00023784-00023991 to ask your questions i realize there's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00111-00023992-00024183 also a chat button
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00112-00024184-00024414 but we do ask that you put your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00113-00024415-00024519 questions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00114-00024520-00024847 in the q a and that way not only can we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00115-00024848-00024886 try
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00116-00024887-00025167 and address them live and we'll address
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00117-00025168-00025239 the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00118-00025240-00025455 questions to the panelists but also in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00119-00025456-00025639 some cases the panelists might even be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00120-00025639-00025743 able to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00121-00025744-00025894 type in answers to some of your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00122-00025895-00026070 questions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00123-00026072-00026255 so without further ado we're going to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00124-00026256-00026414 kick this off i'm going to turn it over
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00125-00026416-00026558 to joanna
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00126-00026560-00026862 who is going to speak about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00127-00026863-00027070 the efforts of flona and flora in front
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00128-00027072-00027239 and floor international
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00129-00027239-00027487 to address this drastic problem that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00130-00027488-00027590 many conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00131-00027591-00027823 areas are facing joanna you want to take
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00132-00027824-00028311 it away please yeah hi everyone
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00133-00028312-00028551 um can you share my presentation please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00134-00028552-00028639 absolutely
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00135-00028639-00028983 thank you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00136-00028983-00029151 and maybe flip it straight to the second
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00137-00029152-00029479 slide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00138-00029480-00030887 uh just a moment i'm looking for it here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00139-00030888-00031055 i have to say for some reason i'm not
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00140-00031056-00031270 seeing it on my screen why don't you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00141-00031272-00031446 start joe and i'll get it up as soon as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00142-00031447-00031639 i can okay well it's quite important
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00143-00031639-00031783 because it's got a map pc and i was
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00144-00031783-00031958 gonna talk to the map as my
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00145-00031960-00032279 second slide but anyway um hi everyone
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00146-00032280-00032543 uh let me just quickly while we look for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00147-00032544-00032646 the presentation i'll
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00148-00032647-00032990 introduce um the the few
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00149-00032991-00033135 uh words i'd like to share with you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00150-00033136-00033311 today um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00151-00033312-00033615 so ffi is a one of uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00152-00033616-00033839 the an international conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00153-00033840-00033943 organization
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00154-00033944-00034127 but one of the ones particularly focused
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00155-00034128-00034367 on um working with local partners
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00156-00034368-00034679 across the world to uh to help
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00157-00034680-00034951 shape and deliver um conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00158-00034952-00035055 initiatives
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00159-00035056-00035502 that work at local level thank you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00160-00035503-00035711 so um you'll see from this map we work
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00161-00035712-00035943 uh we've got more than 140 projects
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00162-00035944-00036015 spread across
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00163-00036016-00036415 40 countries and in each of those places
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00164-00036416-00036751 our mission is to work with local people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00165-00036752-00036999 local organizations to deliver
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00166-00037000-00037151 biodiversity outcomes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00167-00037152-00037446 and habitat outcomes that work
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00168-00037447-00037655 sustainably for the benefit of local
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00169-00037656-00037743 people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00170-00037744-00038079 and for the um those natural assets
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00171-00038080-00038343 um now covered obviously as you'll all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00172-00038344-00038430 be aware has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00173-00038431-00038702 just had this the most dramatic impact
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00174-00038703-00038751 on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00175-00038752-00039030 the whole context in which we operate so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00176-00039031-00039087 um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00177-00039088-00039343 essentially uh the immediate impacts
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00178-00039344-00039399 were of course
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00179-00039400-00039695 are pushing to emergencies stay at home
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00180-00039696-00039759 um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00181-00039760-00039974 health health concerns and health
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00182-00039975-00040102 impacts
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00183-00040103-00040430 um but also what we've noted as 2020 has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00184-00040431-00040462 gone
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00185-00040463-00040711 on is the um the impact on people's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00186-00040712-00040855 sense of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00187-00040856-00041095 confidence sense of resilience sense of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00188-00041096-00041239 the future
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00189-00041240-00041511 and our responses really are looking at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00190-00041512-00041702 all of those so yes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00191-00041703-00042007 the global tourism sector has dropped
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00192-00042008-00042535 uh by 80 in value during the year 2020
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00193-00042536-00042687 and we're seeing the huge impacts of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00194-00042688-00042879 that which i'll talk a bit about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00195-00042880-00043095 um but essentially what we're seeing is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00196-00043096-00043287 a a place in which
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00197-00043288-00043599 um uncertainty and concern about the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00198-00043600-00043935 future is really shaping the work that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00199-00043936-00044111 our partner organizations are trying to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00200-00044112-00044239 deliver
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00201-00044240-00044567 so ffi's response in aggregate has been
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00202-00044568-00044639 twofold
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00203-00044640-00044807 firstly recognizing the immediate
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00204-00044808-00045062 emergency we set up a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00205-00045063-00045335 a partner crisis fund where we have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00206-00045336-00045567 shared emergency support for everything
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00207-00045568-00045655 from
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00208-00045656-00045815 food aid to keep local community
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00209-00045816-00046111 partners going through to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00210-00046112-00046455 replacing inco replacing salaries for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00211-00046456-00046662 some short-term positions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00212-00046663-00046958 or emergency supplies to keep uh project
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00213-00046959-00047071 work going
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00214-00047072-00047279 um but what we're also doing is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00215-00047280-00047383 providing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00216-00047384-00047718 us long-term support our ambition is to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00217-00047719-00047767 provide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00218-00047768-00048071 long-term uh support for resilience and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00219-00048072-00048262 sustainable livelihoods building across
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00220-00048263-00048415 this network
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00221-00048416-00048702 so if i could have the next slide please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00222-00048703-00048958 just a quick taster of each region so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00223-00048959-00049102 the biggest impact for us has been
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00224-00049103-00049286 africa um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00225-00049287-00049535 you'll many of you will be aware of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00226-00049536-00049599 the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00227-00049600-00049807 critical importance of nature-based
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00228-00049808-00050030 tourism in africa
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00229-00050031-00050367 in 2019 delivering 29 billion dollars of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00230-00050368-00050462 revenue
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00231-00050463-00050774 and supporting at least 3.8 million jobs
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00232-00050775-00050895 directly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00233-00050896-00051214 um some of the areas we're working in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00234-00051215-00051335 that have been particularly badly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00235-00051336-00051566 affected are particularly in east africa
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00236-00051567-00051846 so the community conservancy systems
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00237-00051847-00052087 across east africa have seen job losses
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00238-00052088-00052263 of up to 50 percent
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00239-00052264-00052623 um we have seen many people put on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00240-00052624-00052942 unpaid leave and we've seen salary cuts
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00241-00052944-00053159 across the board again of up to 40 50
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00242-00053160-00053247 percent
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00243-00053248-00053550 so that's just in in 2020
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00244-00053551-00053950 um old pejita which is this photo here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00245-00053951-00054238 is one of africa's leading conservancies
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00246-00054239-00054359 in fact one of the world's leading
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00247-00054360-00054542 conservancies and a model
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00248-00054544-00054847 for the world in how to create
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00249-00054848-00055007 areas that are self-sustaining
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00250-00055008-00055175 financially this was one of the first
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00251-00055176-00055326 branches to become
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00252-00055327-00055630 self-sustaining and supporting lots of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00253-00055632-00055838 neighboring communities with jobs and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00254-00055839-00056111 direct and indirect livelihoods gains
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00255-00056112-00056471 the impacts here have been um serious
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00256-00056472-00056894 uh significant losses um but again
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00257-00056895-00057079 uh one of i think something you might
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00258-00057079-00057238 all be interested in is the fact that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00259-00057239-00057326 actually the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00260-00057327-00057566 a strategy pursued five years ago by all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00261-00057567-00057799 people developing its domestic tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00262-00057800-00057879 market
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00263-00057879-00058166 has really helped build resilience so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00264-00058167-00058382 fifty percent of the visitors told pedro
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00265-00058383-00058503 are kenyans
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00266-00058504-00058903 and that has independently of lockdown
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00267-00058904-00059047 when lockdown has not been in place
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00268-00059048-00059191 those tourists have been the first to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00269-00059191-00059287 come back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00270-00059288-00059687 so this has been really significant um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00271-00059688-00059854 i should also say though that one of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00272-00059855-00060007 impacts of kovid
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00273-00060008-00060319 and the lockdowns has been people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00274-00060320-00060487 returning to rural areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00275-00060488-00060726 and therefore an increase in bushmeat
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00276-00060727-00060806 poaching
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00277-00060807-00061150 so um things are not in balance
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00278-00061151-00061375 and the future is much more precarious
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00279-00061376-00061503 now than it was
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00280-00061504-00061806 next slide please and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00281-00061807-00062054 just to contrast um our work in central
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00282-00062055-00062206 america for example
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00283-00062207-00062375 yes in the caribbean there's been a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00284-00062376-00062511 significant impact in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00285-00062512-00062742 of loss of tourism but what we're seeing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00286-00062744-00062919 in particular is that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00287-00062920-00063159 by losing tourists you've also lost the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00288-00063160-00063319 surveillance systems
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00289-00063320-00063511 that we're helping just to monitor
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00290-00063512-00063671 illegal use
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00291-00063672-00063935 or unsustainable use and actually we see
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00292-00063936-00064079 we are seeing now
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00293-00064079-00064350 um increase in illegal fishing for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00294-00064351-00064415 example
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00295-00064416-00064679 and activities that are compromising
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00296-00064679-00064854 sustainability
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00297-00064855-00065159 um we're also seeing in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00298-00065160-00065391 honduras for example increased in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00299-00065391-00065535 illegal fishing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00300-00065536-00065735 and in southern belize and i know we'll
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00301-00065736-00065926 hear more about belize later
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00302-00065927-00066159 in southern valleys we're seeing um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00303-00066160-00066343 increase in illegal def
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00304-00066344-00066567 in deforestation from people whose
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00305-00066568-00066726 livelihoods have been
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00306-00066727-00066991 impacted so the increase in unemployment
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00307-00066992-00067150 across all of our partner
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00308-00067151-00067423 organizations geographies has really had
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00309-00067424-00067479 knock-on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00310-00067480-00067799 impacts in the dependence that people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00311-00067800-00067935 have had to return to on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00312-00067936-00068231 unsustainable practices next slide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00313-00068232-00068535 please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00314-00068536-00068726 in southeast asia in our programmes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00315-00068727-00068855 across that region
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00316-00068856-00069006 we've seen more resilience this is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00317-00069007-00069215 partly because lockdowns haven't been so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00318-00069216-00069311 severe
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00319-00069312-00069575 and partly because the dependence on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00320-00069576-00069775 international tourism for biodiver
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00321-00069776-00070079 biodiversity funding is much lower
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00322-00070080-00070367 so where the places we the partners we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00323-00070368-00070431 have seen
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00324-00070432-00070647 most impacted are those partners who are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00325-00070648-00070847 dependent on donor funds for trying to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00326-00070848-00070959 work with
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00327-00070960-00071262 um local communities and get enabled
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00328-00071263-00071462 community engagement in management of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00329-00071463-00071599 natural areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00330-00071600-00071894 and we have stepped in there our support
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00331-00071895-00071950 fund
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00332-00071951-00072262 has so far given 1.2 million dollars
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00333-00072263-00072479 in emergency assistance to our partner
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00334-00072480-00072615 organizations
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00335-00072616-00072862 of that 1.2 million 50 percent has gone
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00336-00072863-00072950 to africa
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00337-00072951-00073126 and the rest has been very broadly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00338-00073127-00073303 geographically spread
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00339-00073304-00073671 next slide please i just wanted to bring
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00340-00073672-00073806 your attention to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00341-00073807-00074031 a knock-on impact not many people are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00342-00074032-00074206 articulating as yet which is the impact
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00343-00074207-00074375 on the carbon markets
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00344-00074376-00074671 so in 2018 for the first time we saw the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00345-00074672-00074855 demand for forest carbon
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00346-00074856-00075103 outstrip the supply in the voluntary
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00347-00075104-00075215 carbon markets
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00348-00075216-00075343 but of course the collapse of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00349-00075344-00075535 tourism industry has led to the collapse
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00350-00075536-00075687 of the airline industry
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00351-00075688-00075999 and the demand that was coming from
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00352-00076000-00076279 the airlines for carbon offsets has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00353-00076280-00076399 disappeared
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00354-00076400-00076735 and this indeed this is also removing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00355-00076736-00076967 for the moment a source of a very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00356-00076968-00077255 important source of conservation funding
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00357-00077256-00077543 and of course next year 2021 we've got
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00358-00077544-00077679 the climate cop
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00359-00077680-00077943 and all of the promise of a resurgence
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00360-00077944-00078103 in carbon markets
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00361-00078104-00078311 and this is a next is going to be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00362-00078312-00078462 terribly important for helping
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00363-00078463-00078694 shape those markets to make sure they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00364-00078695-00078767 can bring
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00365-00078768-00079103 conservation funding through the climate
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00366-00079104-00079447 markets into local places and the places
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00367-00079448-00079687 that have been suffering most from the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00368-00079688-00079919 impacts of covet
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00369-00079920-00080247 next slide please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00370-00080248-00080455 so our focus in addition to providing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00371-00080456-00080679 this partner emergency fund
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00372-00080680-00080943 we our primary focus with our partner
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00373-00080944-00081150 organizations worldwide is on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00374-00081151-00081567 really building resilience so enabling
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00375-00081568-00081735 more and more organizations to adopt
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00376-00081736-00081999 models like that in all prejudice
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00377-00082000-00082206 diversified revenue streams so in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00378-00082207-00082367 addition to tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00379-00082368-00082606 and in building domestic tourism product
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00380-00082607-00082735 in particular
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00381-00082736-00083062 ensuring that people have access to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00382-00083063-00083247 opportunities that might be provided
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00383-00083248-00083471 from agriculture
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00384-00083472-00083799 agricultural shortening supply chains
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00385-00083800-00084111 adding value to local product
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00386-00084112-00084311 enabling access to local markets but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00387-00084312-00084503 also to international markets
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00388-00084504-00084726 with the appropriate premium for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00389-00084727-00085159 safeguarding biodiversity
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00390-00085160-00085375 and one another area here as well would
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00391-00085376-00085511 be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00392-00085512-00085743 renewable energies so there's lots of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00393-00085744-00085950 scope particularly for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00394-00085951-00086223 small-scale solar and hydro projects
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00395-00086224-00086262 that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00396-00086263-00086599 put energy back into local and national
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00397-00086600-00086718 grids and thereby
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00398-00086719-00087062 generate income for communities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00399-00087063-00087335 and uh the areas that they're trying to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00400-00087336-00087406 manage
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00401-00087407-00087582 so this is another area in which we're
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00402-00087583-00087782 trying to invest
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00403-00087783-00087991 as we pull out of the emergency phase of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00404-00087992-00088175 coverd into the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00405-00088176-00088494 resilience building phase
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00406-00088495-00088871 and the next slide please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00407-00088872-00089047 and this is my final slide so what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00408-00089048-00089175 brings it all together
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00409-00089176-00089543 for ffi is really this focus on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00410-00089544-00089791 uh local partner resilience building and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00411-00089792-00089943 one of the things we've done is launched
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00412-00089944-00090015 a campaign
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00413-00090016-00090375 called our one home this was launched um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00414-00090376-00090615 with it's a campaign with signatories
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00415-00090616-00090926 from 170 partner organizations across
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00416-00090927-00091238 the world this has gone to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00417-00091239-00091550 uh it went to it was published no
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00418-00091551-00091791 it was launched on the at the un
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00419-00091792-00091943 biodiversity summit at the end of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00420-00091944-00092062 september
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00421-00092063-00092262 and is attracting a lot of attention the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00422-00092263-00092406 main demand
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00423-00092407-00092703 is to bring uh an extra 500 billion
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00424-00092704-00092903 dollars a year so the gap we're all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00425-00092904-00093015 aware that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00426-00093016-00093271 uh that global bodies have confirmed
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00427-00093272-00093503 exists in the funding for biodiversity
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00428-00093504-00093687 country worldwide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00429-00093688-00093887 for biodiversity conservation worldwide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00430-00093888-00093999 we're asking that that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00431-00094000-00094311 extra 500 billion dollars a year now be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00432-00094312-00094399 made real
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00433-00094400-00094631 particularly in the light of the the cbd
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00434-00094632-00094935 promises going forwards from 2021
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00435-00094936-00095182 and that this be in in particular that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00436-00095183-00095367 this funding be brought down to local
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00437-00095368-00095455 level
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00438-00095456-00095679 spending it locally is what counts this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00439-00095680-00095935 needs to a greater share needs to come
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00440-00095936-00096167 through local organizations
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00441-00096168-00096359 community-based initiatives
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00442-00096360-00096518 and initiatives that really make a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00443-00096519-00096671 difference
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00444-00096672-00096974 and we believe that actually this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00445-00096975-00097150 is you know people say where should this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00446-00097151-00097303 funding come from
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00447-00097304-00097526 well simply eliminating perverse
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00448-00097527-00097679 subsidies alone
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00449-00097680-00098006 is has been uh worked out by various
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00450-00098007-00098126 papers published
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00451-00098127-00098350 this year and last year um that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00452-00098351-00098471 eliminating just the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00453-00098472-00098655 the subsidies for fossil fuels would be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00454-00098656-00098799 sufficient to fund
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00455-00098800-00099191 this scale of of activity so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00456-00099192-00099574 we're we're ending 2020 with um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00457-00099575-00099735 you know hoping that things will never
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00458-00099736-00099879 be this bad again
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00459-00099880-00100223 uh also hoping that what we've done is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00460-00100224-00100494 helped bring the world's attention to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00461-00100495-00100606 the role that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00462-00100607-00100862 biodiversity conservation is going to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00463-00100863-00100950 play in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00464-00100951-00101182 in both ameliorating climate change
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00465-00101183-00101303 helping the world
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00466-00101304-00101567 adapt to climate change and reducing the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00467-00101568-00101711 risk of future
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00468-00101712-00101967 pandemics but to do so in a way that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00469-00101968-00102191 really honors and recognizes the role of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00470-00102192-00102382 those local organizations at the front
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00471-00102383-00102542 line of conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00472-00102543-00102727 and the need to ensure that they that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00473-00102728-00102847 they are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00474-00102848-00103247 fully supported thank you very much
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00475-00103248-00103439 thank you joanna lots of interesting
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00476-00103440-00103623 information there and i see we already
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00477-00103624-00103766 have a couple questions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00478-00103767-00104006 in the q a please keep them coming we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00479-00104007-00104127 will get to your questions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00480-00104128-00104406 uh right after the speakers are finished
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00481-00104407-00104463 but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00482-00104464-00104615 right now we're going to switch it over
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00483-00104616-00104854 to justine in malaysia
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00484-00104855-00105454 justine please take it away
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00485-00105455-00106310 you're muted justine
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00486-00106311-00106519 okay all right good guy good evening
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00487-00106520-00106686 everyone from malaysia it's quite late
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00488-00106688-00106766 over here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00489-00106767-00106990 um and it's been a pleasure to join you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00490-00106991-00107190 i'm just going to share my screen
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00491-00107191-00107423 we're starting our experience in asia
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00492-00107424-00107519 i'm told
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00493-00107520-00107807 so i get to go first all right uh is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00494-00107808-00107863 that okay
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00495-00107864-00108199 everything all right please go ahead
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00496-00108200-00108423 yes all right so i've tried to i've
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00497-00108424-00108583 titled this presentation strategies to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00498-00108583-00108695 survive covet
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00499-00108696-00108854 but in in actual fact we're talking
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00500-00108855-00108999 about conservation and tourism in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00501-00109000-00109078 malaysia
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00502-00109079-00109319 uh malaysia and other parts of southeast
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00503-00109320-00109566 asia are quite badly affected by the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00504-00109567-00109766 absolute decline in tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00505-00109767-00110102 uh and so i come to you from penang
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00506-00110103-00110407 right so penang uh is of course
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00507-00110408-00110751 uh an island on the west part of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00508-00110752-00110910 peninsular malaysia
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00509-00110911-00111199 it's famous as a world heritage area uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00510-00111200-00111390 it's a former british colonial
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00511-00111391-00111758 history and the habitat penang hill
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00512-00111759-00112063 where we have a equal tourism attraction
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00513-00112064-00112278 as a rainforest discovery park just 20
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00514-00112279-00112383 minutes from
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00515-00112383-00112663 from the city area uh of course uh there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00516-00112664-00112727 is a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00517-00112728-00112999 rich history uh you know the hill was
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00518-00113000-00113095 often
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00519-00113096-00113295 a hill station for people to recover
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00520-00113296-00113527 from the tropics and that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00521-00113528-00113702 you know the pressures of the heat and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00522-00113703-00113831 so on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00523-00113832-00114207 today it's a modern uh train ride up
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00524-00114208-00114502 but it's a really quick way to access a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00525-00114503-00114734 beautiful part of the island
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00526-00114735-00115063 and you find out that penang is not
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00527-00115064-00115334 just the pearl of the orient uh at the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00528-00115335-00115534 culinary capital of the world
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00529-00115535-00115807 it is also an emerald isle at least a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00530-00115808-00115958 third of this island
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00531-00115959-00116183 is covered by its original cover of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00532-00116183-00116271 forest
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00533-00116272-00116519 and so the habitat uh provides iconic
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00534-00116520-00116686 infrastructure that allows people to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00535-00116688-00116854 look into the forest reserves
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00536-00116855-00117078 uh facing the north and northwest parts
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00537-00117079-00117199 of the island
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00538-00117200-00117534 uh where there is rich vibe diversity
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00539-00117535-00117815 and we use this park as an easy get to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00540-00117816-00117966 know place for people to learn
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00541-00117967-00118239 be educated about rainforest diversity
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00542-00118240-00118383 um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00543-00118383-00118615 i think just a minute i've skipped okay
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00544-00118616-00118751 um and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00545-00118752-00119047 because the the high traffic or you know
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00546-00119048-00119247 being a busy port city on the leisure
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00547-00119248-00119366 cruise line
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00548-00119367-00119686 uh we are able to previously uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00549-00119688-00119886 have over a million riderships up to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00550-00119888-00120015 hill and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00551-00120016-00120334 uh welcome people to the park uh what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00552-00120335-00120599 what the habitat has sought to do has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00553-00120600-00120719 been to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00554-00120720-00120951 really push the envelope in offering a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00555-00120952-00121031 world-class
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00556-00121032-00121390 tourism experience uh in the expectation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00557-00121391-00121686 that uh doing tourism well would give us
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00558-00121688-00121727 the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00559-00121728-00122039 funds that we need to really set a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00560-00122040-00122407 and a model of that protected areas can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00561-00122408-00122607 be places to generate sustainable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00562-00122608-00122799 financing right and because they've
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00563-00122800-00122886 always
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00564-00122888-00123151 in in this part of the world uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00565-00123152-00123439 protected areas are regarded as a waste
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00566-00123440-00123543 of time
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00567-00123544-00123734 right they are they are still regarded
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00568-00123735-00123943 as uh you know it would be better to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00569-00123944-00124031 develop
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00570-00124032-00124214 and so you know we're trying to justify
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00571-00124215-00124423 the business model for protection
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00572-00124424-00124695 uh so now the unique thing about the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00573-00124696-00124863 haptap and i hill is that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00574-00124864-00125110 the all of the funds which are generated
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00575-00125111-00125190 from
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00576-00125191-00125431 the ecotourism is channeled into the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00577-00125432-00125527 foundation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00578-00125528-00125783 so this is where i come in uh and this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00579-00125783-00125886 is where we are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00580-00125888-00126158 currently i mean so the work that we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00581-00126159-00126207 fund
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00582-00126208-00126510 uh deals with conservation education and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00583-00126511-00126871 uh and funding uh ecotourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00584-00126872-00127127 ecosystem restoration we also do some
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00585-00127128-00127351 species research and so on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00586-00127352-00127663 uh an exciting part of uh last year was
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00587-00127664-00127743 we had
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00588-00127744-00127943 we are ready to put in a nomination for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00589-00127944-00128078 a biosphere reserve
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00590-00128079-00128263 so this whole area is also going to be a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00591-00128264-00128534 unesco bistro itself in time
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00592-00128535-00128799 okay so this is this is the part of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00593-00128800-00128919 story where we all are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00594-00128920-00129131 at where things were going so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00595-00129132-00129271 fantastically
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00596-00129272-00129543 and now they aren't uh 2020 uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00597-00129544-00129631 ironically
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00598-00129632-00129854 was supposed to be visit malaysia here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00599-00129855-00129990 all right so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00600-00129991-00130310 here we are um so i think this part of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00601-00130311-00130366 this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00602-00130367-00130623 i think just joining the conversation uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00603-00130624-00130710 what does that mean
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00604-00130711-00131014 has it meant uh for us uh we have been
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00605-00131015-00131135 impacted of course
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00606-00131136-00131343 the habitat to be at this level has a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00607-00131344-00131478 huge staff
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00608-00131479-00131783 uh we've had to diversify just as uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00609-00131784-00131959 joanna was talking about like the whole
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00610-00131960-00132119 business of uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00611-00132120-00132278 that whole story about not putting all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00612-00132279-00132478 your eggs in one basket it's been a hard
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00613-00132479-00132599 lesson to learn
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00614-00132600-00132766 uh but we've been adapting we've been
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00615-00132767-00132990 pivoting uh two in two ways
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00616-00132991-00133231 adjusting is one it's diversifying our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00617-00133232-00133343 products
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00618-00133344-00133711 moving into education and also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00619-00133712-00133943 beginning to really seriously target the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00620-00133944-00134063 domestic market
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00621-00134064-00134287 uh previously we could rely on about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00622-00134288-00134366 fifty percent
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00623-00134367-00134671 foreign tourists uh of course tourism is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00624-00134672-00134743 the third
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00625-00134744-00134935 largest income earner in malaysia
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00626-00134936-00135199 generating about 86 billion
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00627-00135200-00135583 in receipts and six percent of our gdp
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00628-00135584-00135847 so the impacts are huge and wide all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00629-00135848-00135959 right
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00630-00135960-00136102 the other thing to mention is of course
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00631-00136103-00136311 tourism isn't has always been
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00632-00136312-00136543 for quite a long time uh a major
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00633-00136544-00136719 contributor to conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00634-00136720-00137054 uh small organizations and so on so uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00635-00137055-00137231 so at this point i just want to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00636-00137232-00137527 introduce to you a phrase which
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00637-00137528-00137823 uh came up in malaysia in response to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00638-00137824-00137966 the coveted adjustments right
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00639-00137967-00138159 requires a whole society approach to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00640-00138160-00138375 bring the pandemic under control
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00641-00138376-00138671 and so we there was this hashtag which
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00642-00138672-00138751 is malay
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00643-00138752-00139063 for uh we look out for one another right
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00644-00139064-00139311 and so uh what we are doing now in the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00645-00139312-00139502 com the work of the foundation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00646-00139503-00139814 is to use that uh to reach out to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00647-00139815-00140023 malaysians and say big-hearted
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00648-00140024-00140159 malaysians one of the things that you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00649-00140160-00140311 can do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00650-00140312-00140566 is to basically support domestic tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00651-00140567-00140751 so that's one of the roles that we've
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00652-00140752-00141031 given to ourselves uh in the in in this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00653-00141032-00141135 space
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00654-00141136-00141335 uh so one of one of the first things
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00655-00141336-00141463 we've done now although we've had
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00656-00141464-00141599 conservation grants and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00657-00141600-00141814 research grants we created a sustainable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00658-00141815-00141935 tourism grant
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00659-00141936-00142199 uh for the first time we'll be awarding
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00660-00142200-00142311 up to a hundred thousand
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00661-00142312-00142551 we can get worth of grants for people to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00662-00142552-00142631 build back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00663-00142632-00142902 better uh strengthen their capacity and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00664-00142903-00143054 the linkages between tourism and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00665-00143055-00143183 conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00666-00143184-00143543 that's ongoing um and then this other
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00667-00143544-00143711 thing that we thought we could do so we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00668-00143712-00143807 created something called
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00669-00143808-00143999 uh heart which is the habitat earth
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00670-00144000-00144199 adventure responsible tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00671-00144200-00144495 channel and this is something most
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00672-00144496-00144575 tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00673-00144576-00144839 uh is is little are small and they have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00674-00144840-00144990 no marketing budget to speak
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00675-00144991-00145295 of so we are just leveraging off our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00676-00145296-00145575 media and communication savvy to give
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00677-00145576-00145726 people a boost
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00678-00145727-00146031 to help local uh the malaysian traveler
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00679-00146032-00146063 to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00680-00146064-00146295 realize that there are lots of places
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00681-00146296-00146487 that they can go
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00682-00146488-00146671 right and so one of the significant
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00683-00146672-00146823 things to really realize is that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00684-00146824-00146943 although we are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00685-00146944-00147311 uh we are missing the 26.1 million
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00686-00147312-00147566 people that visited malaysia last year
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00687-00147567-00147751 uh there's a whole lot of malaysians who
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00688-00147752-00148007 love travel who can't go anywhere
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00689-00148008-00148319 and we are finding across the board
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00690-00148320-00148511 in amongst all the destinations is that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00691-00148512-00148695 people are seeking nature
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00692-00148696-00148975 it's a very natural reaction and this is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00693-00148976-00149207 we want to try to facilitate that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00694-00149208-00149502 okay um just briefly to give you i mean
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00695-00149503-00149614 things to speak to some of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00696-00149615-00149807 challenges that small organizations are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00697-00149808-00149878 facing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00698-00149879-00150111 uh they have had to adjust to no
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00699-00150112-00150231 volunteer money
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00700-00150232-00150478 no research money no tourism visitor
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00701-00150479-00150551 money
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00702-00150552-00150783 and so there's various ways in which
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00703-00150784-00150975 they're trying to fill these gaps one of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00704-00150976-00151151 course is donations
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00705-00151152-00151351 uh our total conservation society chiang
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00706-00151352-00151559 kang is asking people to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00707-00151560-00151951 help in that way um and similarly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00708-00151952-00152183 many others you know in buenos aires
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00709-00152184-00152383 conservation center and supper
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00710-00152384-00152631 has adoption programs so there's ways
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00711-00152632-00152807 that people can help even if they can't
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00712-00152808-00153159 travel to malaysia to help everyone get
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00713-00153160-00153407 through this uh difficult period
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00714-00153408-00153575 of course everyone including ourselves
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00715-00153576-00153839 has to improve their merchandise game
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00716-00153840-00154078 right so you can get your special
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00717-00154079-00154254 printed turtle masks
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00718-00154255-00154543 and other similar sorts of things um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00719-00154544-00154719 this is a friend of mine who is in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00720-00154720-00154807 southern thailand
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00721-00154808-00155071 at kausouk national park this is talking
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00722-00155072-00155207 about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00723-00155208-00155399 although this business of catering
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00724-00155400-00155559 towards the domestic market
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00725-00155560-00155743 is uh one of the things obvious things
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00726-00155744-00155911 we need to do the reason
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00727-00155912-00156199 most people haven't done this much is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00728-00156200-00156359 because the domestic market is not as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00729-00156360-00156531 evolved as the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00730-00156532-00156823 foreign market there is a whole lot of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00731-00156824-00156999 visitor education
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00732-00157000-00157239 that needs to happen in order to lessen
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00733-00157240-00157390 the mass tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00734-00157391-00157671 impact that could that could uh unleash
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00735-00157672-00157726 itself
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00736-00157727-00158007 on beautiful nature destinations like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00737-00158008-00158054 this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00738-00158055-00158399 in khao national park you know it's true
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00739-00158400-00158631 i mean across the board people have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00740-00158632-00158854 observed that nature has been
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00741-00158855-00159031 really bouncing back you know you're
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00742-00159032-00159247 seeing it all over the place
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00743-00159248-00159454 you know not having so many visitors has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00744-00159455-00159566 been great
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00745-00159567-00159919 um but there still needs to be a hefty
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00746-00159920-00159999 amount of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00747-00160000-00160287 uh building a culture of ecotourism in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00748-00160288-00160423 the domestic market that we have to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00749-00160424-00160463 spend
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00750-00160464-00160735 good detailed time and uh creativity to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00751-00160736-00160847 nurture
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00752-00160848-00161159 um okay so this is a just a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00753-00161160-00161319 little taste of what else is happening
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00754-00161320-00161495 in the world uh this is a friend of mine
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00755-00161496-00161551 in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00756-00161552-00161847 uh sabah in the central borneo and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00757-00161848-00161935 they're saying look
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00758-00161936-00162199 this is we now he now he now has the run
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00759-00162200-00162366 of the place because we are short on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00760-00162367-00162487 tourists but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00761-00162488-00162766 uh luckily they're living in pristine
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00762-00162767-00162919 natural environments
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00763-00162920-00163183 and are able to revert to a long culture
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00764-00163184-00163375 of sweden farming and rice farming and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00765-00163376-00163471 fishing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00766-00163472-00163687 having a good quality pure environment
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00767-00163688-00163854 is so essential to be able to weather
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00768-00163855-00164014 these storms
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00769-00164015-00164166 but you know there's the determination
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00770-00164167-00164375 to build back um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00771-00164376-00164607 and begin to welcome foreign visitors
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00772-00164608-00164711 once more
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00773-00164712-00164902 okay so that's that's my presentation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00774-00164903-00165126 for you so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00775-00165127-00165366 thank you justine thank you very much
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00776-00165367-00165454 okay uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00777-00165455-00165590 we're gonna turn it over straight away
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00778-00165591-00165854 to leila nella in mozambique please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00779-00165855-00166014 nella go ahead
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00780-00166015-00166238 uh thank you james can you please share
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00781-00166239-00166383 my presentation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00782-00166384-00166687 okay
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00783-00166688-00166831 please start i'm getting it ready for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00784-00166832-00166990 you okay
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00785-00166991-00167247 uh thank you uh thank you everyone for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00786-00167248-00167319 having me
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00787-00167320-00167495 today i'll be talking about a little bit
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00788-00167496-00167671 of karungas the national park
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00789-00167672-00168078 experience um on the complete
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00790-00168079-00168383 impact on the terrorism so we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00791-00168384-00168671 like to call guru gaza national park as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00792-00168672-00168838 a part of the people you can go to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00793-00168839-00169023 second slide please james
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00794-00169024-00169399 um a park to the people because um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00795-00169400-00169711 we say that our vision is to create a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00796-00169712-00169807 world where
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00797-00169808-00170038 where people and the planet can try to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00798-00170039-00170135 gather uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00799-00170136-00170343 at the beginning uh the main concern of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00800-00170344-00170575 the gorongosa project was basically to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00801-00170576-00170814 recover everything that was lost in the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00802-00170815-00170895 park
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00803-00170896-00171231 uh during the war um and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00804-00171232-00171495 we can say that that the korongos it's a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00805-00171496-00171759 success story because we managed to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00806-00171760-00172071 um to repopulate the park with the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00807-00172072-00172343 different species species that we we we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00808-00172344-00172526 kind of lost during the war
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00809-00172527-00172726 and in this phase that we are now with
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00810-00172727-00172863 the the help of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00811-00172864-00173175 many donors like usat canada and norway
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00812-00173176-00173319 and so and others
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00813-00173320-00173575 we are not only um looking for the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00814-00173576-00173719 conservation part
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00815-00173720-00173983 but we are also looking at human
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00816-00173984-00174119 development that is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00817-00174120-00174375 uh to guarantee that people living
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00818-00174376-00174575 around the park that comprises six
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00819-00174576-00174663 districts
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00820-00174664-00175007 they have sustainable um livelihoods so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00821-00175008-00175038 that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00822-00175039-00175254 we can kind of reduce the pressure on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00823-00175255-00175399 the parks resources
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00824-00175400-00175543 we have to understand that they are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00825-00175544-00175702 native from that that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00826-00175703-00176014 area even though it's a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00827-00176015-00176311 reservation area we these people were
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00828-00176312-00176375 born there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00829-00176376-00176623 and they know nothing different that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00830-00176624-00176790 explore those resources to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00831-00176791-00177078 for them for their for their livelihoods
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00832-00177079-00177271 so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00833-00177272-00177919 let's go to the next slide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00834-00177920-00178207 so what we do in tourism i like to say
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00835-00178208-00178447 that we do transformations and we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00836-00178448-00178751 employ local people to be our guides to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00837-00178752-00178823 be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00838-00178824-00179159 some of them are there doing the masters
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00839-00179160-00179238 uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00840-00179239-00179551 courses some of their uh guides uh are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00841-00179552-00179647 working at the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00842-00179648-00179919 the tourism facilities that we we have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00843-00179920-00179990 there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00844-00179991-00180311 um and uh obviously
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00845-00180312-00180559 um we can go to the the next slide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00846-00180560-00180702 please obviously with the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00847-00180703-00181023 covet situation this kind of uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00848-00181024-00181223 affect directly people working in the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00849-00181224-00181407 tourists and also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00850-00181408-00181766 that the revenue because all the revenue
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00851-00181767-00181847 that we do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00852-00181848-00182135 from the tourism activities they go back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00853-00182136-00182278 to the communities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00854-00182279-00182559 uh and what what they do with that money
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00855-00182560-00182663 is they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00856-00182664-00182943 invest it in things that they think that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00857-00182944-00183238 the community needs like boreholes like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00858-00183239-00183678 renewing a hospital or or whatever they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00859-00183679-00183975 they decide as a group as the committee
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00860-00183976-00184207 uh that they need for the community they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00861-00184208-00184438 um they invested my own that and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00862-00184439-00184631 obviously with the tourism facility
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00863-00184632-00184887 closed and all the tourism activities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00864-00184888-00185126 interrupted this revenue is not going
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00865-00185127-00185190 for them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00866-00185191-00185478 because we are not having any revenue we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00867-00185479-00185647 had
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00868-00185648-00185902 tourism staff losing their jobs we have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00869-00185903-00186071 all the stock that we prepared for the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00870-00186072-00186199 high season lost
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00871-00186200-00186414 and i think that is a common experiences
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00872-00186415-00186535 to the different
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00873-00186536-00186766 um initiatives and projects that are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00874-00186767-00186943 being um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00875-00186944-00187302 discussed today but as a way of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00876-00187303-00187654 kind of um going around this situation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00877-00187655-00187895 is that many or some
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00878-00187896-00188111 people from the tourist staff are doing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00879-00188112-00188311 other jobs in other departments from the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00880-00188312-00188350 current
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00881-00188351-00188575 the guarana project we have currently
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00882-00188576-00188919 around 606 departments
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00883-00188920-00189175 and we have around 800 people mostly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00884-00189176-00189231 employed
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00885-00189232-00189559 from that region so we have people that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00886-00189560-00189790 were guides that they are now working at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00887-00189791-00189950 the human development
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00888-00189951-00190254 department as drivers or the sustainable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00889-00190255-00190471 development department department as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00890-00190472-00190711 drivers also doing any other job that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00891-00190712-00190799 they can do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00892-00190800-00191135 so that they are not just home
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00893-00191136-00191463 not doing anything they they kind of um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00894-00191464-00191743 position in other sectors that we have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00895-00191744-00191919 inside that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00896-00191920-00192175 the current was a project machine uh we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00897-00192176-00192231 also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00898-00192232-00192631 have shift the the the focus of tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00899-00192632-00192750 to trainings
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00900-00192751-00192950 we are training local people in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00901-00192951-00193143 different uh activities that we are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00902-00193144-00193295 introducing like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00903-00193296-00193678 walks safaris uh like uh discovering new
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00904-00193679-00193999 news new ways and and to to achieve
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00905-00194000-00194295 new places for to include in our uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00906-00194296-00194431 tourist packages
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00907-00194432-00194654 we are doing a lot of research and we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00908-00194655-00194919 discovered new interesting places for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00909-00194920-00195095 to include in our packages so we are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00910-00195096-00195278 kind of focusing on that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00911-00195279-00195614 and i have to say that we are blessed to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00912-00195615-00195854 have such support from so many donors
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00913-00195855-00195919 that allow
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00914-00195920-00196159 us to kind of shift even though we are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00915-00196160-00196238 not
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00916-00196239-00196511 having the income directly for the the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00917-00196512-00196575 tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00918-00196576-00196807 activity but we have some kind of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00919-00196808-00196935 pillows so that we can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00920-00196936-00197238 keep doing some other things and not
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00921-00197239-00197478 just leave people without jobs they are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00922-00197479-00197638 doing other things
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00923-00197639-00198199 can you go to the next slide please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00924-00198200-00198535 but i can say that what really really
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00925-00198536-00198935 um reduces the impact of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00926-00198936-00199231 of the the the problems in tourism that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00927-00199232-00199414 kovid is bringing is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00928-00199415-00199783 that we do not only rely on the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00929-00199784-00200126 tourism activities to make the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00930-00200127-00200383 community people from the communities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00931-00200384-00200478 around the park
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00932-00200479-00200783 lives better we also have support
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00933-00200784-00201063 we also support three main value chains
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00934-00201064-00201111 uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00935-00201112-00201343 that add the coffee value chain the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00936-00201344-00201431 cashew
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00937-00201432-00201695 value chain and honey i believe some of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00938-00201696-00201735 you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00939-00201736-00202014 already seen that uh our coffee
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00940-00202015-00202214 gorongosa coffee in some of your shelves
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00941-00202215-00202343 in your countries
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00942-00202344-00202707 uh and we kind of created a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00943-00202708-00203023 sustainability system that we have a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00944-00203024-00203271 kind of private company that is the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00945-00203272-00203478 production
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00946-00203479-00203814 that places as the main market for these
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00947-00203815-00203919 products that we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00948-00203920-00204199 we support so what we do is that we work
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00949-00204200-00204295 with the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00950-00204296-00204502 people from the community normally
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00951-00204503-00204687 farmers from the community
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00952-00204688-00204958 we support them with inputs we support
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00953-00204959-00205142 that then with technical assistance we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00954-00205144-00205334 support them throughout all the value
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00955-00205335-00205382 chain
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00956-00205383-00205662 the production phase of the value chain
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00957-00205663-00205719 and then
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00958-00205719-00205966 at the end we buy the products for them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00959-00205967-00206198 we add value and then we sell it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00960-00206200-00206486 the revenue of this uh company also goes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00961-00206487-00206551 back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00962-00206552-00206886 to the project to the human development
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00963-00206887-00207327 uh uh activities so we not only provide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00964-00207328-00207671 um services like in education uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00965-00207671-00207886 girls education we are working to keep
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00966-00207887-00207990 girls at school
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00967-00207991-00208319 like uh health we give a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00968-00208319-00208742 prenatal uh assistance to people hiv
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00969-00208744-00208951 and and all these activities that you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00970-00208952-00209158 provide uh in communities such as these
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00971-00209159-00209255 ones
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00972-00209256-00209566 in in in health
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00973-00209567-00209806 but we also have a company that makes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00974-00209807-00209910 sure that we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00975-00209911-00210167 kind of try to develop a sustainable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00976-00210167-00210215 system
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00977-00210216-00210582 of making income and making revenue and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00978-00210583-00210758 then this revenue goes back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00979-00210759-00210958 to the project to the other activities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00980-00210959-00211158 that do not
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00981-00211159-00211494 make kind of revenues
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00982-00211496-00211742 so we are currently working with more or
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00983-00211744-00211863 less five
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00984-00211864-00212191 five thousand uh farmers and around
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00985-00212192-00212494 35 to 40 percent of women involved in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00986-00212496-00212615 the three value chains that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00987-00212616-00212823 i just mentioned here below in the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00988-00212823-00212927 corner you can see
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00989-00212928-00213223 a photo that i have to give credits to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00990-00213223-00213406 myself for such a beautiful picture
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00991-00213407-00213646 of women working with clay because they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00992-00213648-00213742 were
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00993-00213744-00214031 we are trying now to create workshops
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00994-00214032-00214079 where
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00995-00214080-00214334 people from the community will be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00996-00214335-00214398 producing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00997-00214400-00214606 specific products that we will be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00998-00214607-00214758 selling in our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-00999-00214759-00215110 uh tourism shops and if we pro
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01000-00215111-00215310 find the right products we can also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01001-00215311-00215487 export them and these
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01002-00215488-00215775 products will be produ produced by local
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01003-00215776-00215831 people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01004-00215832-00216167 and practices that that they already do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01005-00216167-00216398 but we can just improve them and make
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01006-00216400-00216534 them marketable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01007-00216535-00216855 if that word exists can we go to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01008-00216856-00217655 the next slide please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01009-00217656-00218071 i am not yet but if i can check on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01010-00218071-00218375 my screen here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01011-00218376-00218655 so yeah after this we have uh what we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01012-00218656-00218831 call the richer value chains
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01013-00218832-00219127 that is what i was trying to explain
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01014-00219128-00219191 before
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01015-00219192-00219406 that we create value chains that we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01016-00219407-00219598 support people from the community that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01017-00219600-00219734 were previously
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01018-00219735-00219871 kind of contributing to the floor
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01019-00219871-00220039 deforestation to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01020-00220040-00220327 unsustainable exploration of that the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01021-00220328-00220479 resources that they have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01022-00220480-00220719 and we train them we give them technical
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01023-00220719-00220863 system we improve
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01024-00220864-00221142 their ways of exploring their own
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01025-00221144-00221287 resources
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01026-00221288-00221694 and we we we kind of installed
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01027-00221696-00221927 this this value chains were not just a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01028-00221928-00222231 literally uh chose but we wanted to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01029-00222232-00222534 introduce uh crop um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01030-00222535-00222863 cash crops that also would uh contribute
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01031-00222864-00223055 to the reform station that's why we do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01032-00223056-00223246 coffee in the mount corongoza
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01033-00223248-00223463 that is the main rainfall forest that we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01034-00223464-00223582 have in the country
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01035-00223583-00223894 in the region and uh cashew that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01036-00223896-00224134 is also contributing to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01037-00224135-00224239 refrigeration
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01038-00224240-00224479 in the communities around the park in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01039-00224480-00224598 the buffer zone
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01040-00224600-00224815 so as we have the production advice that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01041-00224816-00225015 gorongosa we kind of place the final
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01042-00225016-00225127 market to them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01043-00225128-00225351 and then from that we add value and then
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01044-00225352-00225558 we send back the money to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01045-00225559-00225871 to the project can you please go to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01046-00225871-00226006 next slide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01047-00226007-00226239 and here we would like to mention that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01048-00226240-00226391 we believe this is kind of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01049-00226392-00226727 our theory of change that we base our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01050-00226728-00226863 activities on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01051-00226864-00227103 because we believe that the right mix of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01052-00227104-00227327 strategy interventions that are listed
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01053-00227328-00227398 here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01054-00227400-00227687 we will accelerate a virtual cycle
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01055-00227688-00227903 within agriculture value chains
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01056-00227904-00228182 and that that and then that will promote
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01057-00228183-00228415 prosperity and enviro environmental
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01058-00228416-00228558 stewardships
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01059-00228559-00228871 um i would go to the next slide
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01060-00228871-00228991 we're gonna need you to wrap it up
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01061-00228992-00229198 please soon okay yes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01062-00229200-00229423 it was my last slide that you know okay
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01063-00229423-00229519 so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01064-00229519-00229823 thank you thank you neyla and let's turn
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01065-00229823-00229967 it over quickly to amanda
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01066-00229967-00230398 in belize good morning from belize
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01067-00230400-00231082 so i'll just share my screen quickly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01068-00231083-00232142 um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01069-00232144-00232463 there we go i hope everybody can see my
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01070-00232464-00232815 screen okay great all right so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01071-00232816-00233103 i am coming from belize i'm going to be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01072-00233104-00233182 focusing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01073-00233183-00233527 on belize and lesion protected areas so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01074-00233528-00233871 what i have is basically a general start
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01075-00233871-00234151 off how are protected areas funded
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01076-00234152-00234367 i'll focus a little bit on the region
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01077-00234367-00234567 and believe specifically
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01078-00234567-00234903 so most protected areas in the normal
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01079-00234904-00235087 scope of things are actually government
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01080-00235088-00235310 funded and it is government institutions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01081-00235311-00235351 that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01082-00235352-00235703 run the protected areas i will say that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01083-00235704-00235903 government funding traditionally is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01084-00235904-00236071 never enough for all of the needs and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01085-00236071-00236255 demands of the protected area so there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01086-00236256-00236455 is always a need for supplemental or
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01087-00236456-00236527 additional
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01088-00236528-00236871 income in the case of my neighbors
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01089-00236871-00237119 um surrounding belize specifically
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01090-00237119-00237310 mexico and guatemala that is the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01091-00237311-00237542 particular case where is government-run
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01092-00237544-00237679 institutions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01093-00237680-00238023 and ngos traditionally work with buffer
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01094-00238023-00238103 communities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01095-00238104-00238327 and they look at alternative livelihoods
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01096-00238328-00238431 and how to develop
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01097-00238432-00238719 incomes and economic economically stable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01098-00238719-00238958 sustainable situations resiliency
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01099-00238959-00239287 using the natural resources so how do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01100-00239288-00239463 you fill the gaps that you have when it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01101-00239464-00239655 talks about protected areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01102-00239656-00239998 traditionally grants and donors is a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01103-00240000-00240263 easy fill where you basically are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01104-00240264-00240358 writing projects
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01105-00240359-00240671 specifically to fill gaps they can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01106-00240671-00240934 they are what we call restricted funds
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01107-00240935-00241167 meaning it is for a very specific it's a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01108-00241167-00241215 project
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01109-00241216-00241382 it's dictated what's happening what are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01110-00241383-00241639 the objectives what are the outcomes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01111-00241640-00241991 the benefit of where we get into tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01112-00241992-00242303 is self-generated funds self-generated
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01113-00242304-00242398 funds are in essence
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01114-00242400-00242663 a bit of the holy grail you would love
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01115-00242664-00242863 self-generated funds because they are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01116-00242864-00243151 unrestricted funds that basically means
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01117-00243152-00243271 if the boat engine
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01118-00243271-00243582 dies today and we have to find
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01119-00243583-00243830 two thousand dollars for it to be for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01120-00243831-00243982 parts and to fix it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01121-00243983-00244215 that generally either if it's run by a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01122-00244216-00244406 government entity it goes back to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01123-00244407-00244503 government
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01124-00244504-00244655 and you'll see right now why
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01125-00244656-00244879 self-generated is very interesting to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01126-00244880-00245079 believe
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01127-00245080-00245303 so in belize this is a lovely map of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01128-00245304-00245567 belize belize is very small it is the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01129-00245567-00245751 second smallest country in central
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01130-00245752-00245846 america
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01131-00245848-00246055 what you see to the east of us is going
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01132-00246056-00246230 actually the caribbean sea
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01133-00246231-00246542 so we are a mix of caribbean
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01134-00246544-00246798 and central american in nature um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01135-00246800-00246919 caribbean in that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01136-00246919-00247182 we speak english caribbean in that we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01137-00247183-00247279 are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01138-00247280-00247655 very culturally similar um in many ways
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01139-00247656-00247855 and yet central american in that we're
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01140-00247856-00247958 land bound
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01141-00247959-00248215 we have a lot of the same dynamics we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01142-00248216-00248310 have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01143-00248311-00248606 a large over the past few decades with
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01144-00248607-00248727 the instability
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01145-00248728-00249015 in central america we have a large um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01146-00249016-00249071 now
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01147-00249071-00249446 growing latino population
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01148-00249448-00249751 of immigrants and so we have this very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01149-00249752-00249871 broad
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01150-00249871-00250134 diversity of people the interesting
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01151-00250135-00250406 thing is our population is very small in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01152-00250407-00250567 comparison to most current
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01153-00250567-00250927 most latin countries it is about 400 000
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01154-00250928-00250975 people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01155-00250976-00251151 within this entire country range is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01156-00251152-00251327 about so it's it's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01157-00251328-00251615 relatively small um and that will also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01158-00251616-00251710 come up as i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01159-00251711-00252055 go on in my discussion so belize audubon
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01160-00252056-00252319 and what makes belize so different
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01161-00252319-00252575 belize actually has a system of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01162-00252576-00252710 co-management
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01163-00252711-00252871 now co-management is where the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01164-00252871-00253030 government has an actual
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01165-00253031-00253398 contract with an entity specifically an
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01166-00253400-00253719 ngo or a community-based organization
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01167-00253719-00253975 who actually is tasked with all the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01168-00253976-00254142 day-to-day operations
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01169-00254144-00254415 of managing a protected area so belize
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01170-00254416-00254479 audubon
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01171-00254480-00254751 manages seven protected areas on behalf
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01172-00254752-00254967 of the people and government of belize
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01173-00254967-00255198 that means we hire everybody we have to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01174-00255200-00255367 pay everybody and we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01175-00255367-00255646 the only government subsidy we get is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01176-00255648-00255830 through the fees that we collect
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01177-00255831-00256055 we are to report them financially and we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01178-00256056-00256158 then have to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01179-00256159-00256494 spend we can then send them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01180-00256496-00256839 the country has a total of 103 protected
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01181-00256840-00257006 areas that's all these beautiful colors
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01182-00257007-00257175 on my map that you see
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01183-00257176-00257358 and you can see in the legend on the top
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01184-00257359-00257542 we have archaeological reserves
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01185-00257544-00257782 bird sanctuaries forest reserves so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01186-00257783-00257982 their designation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01187-00257983-00258158 actually dictates what you can and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01188-00258159-00258415 cannot do in these protected areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01189-00258416-00258734 so for instance the strictest reserve
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01190-00258735-00258894 that you can have which is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01191-00258896-00259255 um laden natural reserve
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01192-00259256-00259527 bladen actually you cannot um you can't
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01193-00259528-00259727 do anything in it really it's based for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01194-00259728-00259958 science and complete preservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01195-00259959-00260223 so based on your designation you have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01196-00260223-00260406 options or you don't have options in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01197-00260407-00260598 terms of tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01198-00260600-00260830 i did put here that not all protected
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01199-00260831-00261039 areas are created equally
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01200-00261040-00261255 in that in some cases and if you look at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01201-00261256-00261510 my map some of these protected areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01202-00261511-00261727 obviously ecologically will be very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01203-00261728-00261830 important
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01204-00261831-00262079 but they are either landlocked or the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01205-00262080-00262255 access points to get to them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01206-00262256-00262543 is very difficult um in the case of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01207-00262544-00262751 belize if you look at the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01208-00262752-00263055 west of my map on the east west end
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01209-00263056-00263247 the border line you'll see is where we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01210-00263248-00263447 have our largest track of protected
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01211-00263448-00263519 areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01212-00263520-00263830 that entire area in in pink and browns
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01213-00263831-00264110 is the maya mountain massive for us the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01214-00264111-00264206 lesions to get
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01215-00264207-00264471 access into this area it takes about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01216-00264472-00264551 half a day
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01217-00264552-00264927 through very very poor road conditions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01218-00264928-00265151 on the guatemalan side the closest
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01219-00265152-00265382 village can walk over the border
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01220-00265383-00265703 in five minutes so it is uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01221-00265704-00266006 we have a lot of trans boundary issues
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01222-00266007-00266191 when it comes to our protected area
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01223-00266192-00266367 system
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01224-00266368-00266655 traditionally we have um like i said we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01225-00266656-00266727 have looked at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01226-00266728-00267087 options there is of this 103 protected
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01227-00267088-00267287 areas we have a national institute of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01228-00267288-00267447 archaeology that handles
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01229-00267448-00267655 all the archaeological reserves the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01230-00267656-00267775 forest reserves
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01231-00267776-00268167 have um long-term forest concessions and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01232-00268168-00268310 those are done in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01233-00268311-00268495 in conjunction with the government and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01234-00268496-00268655 the concessionaire they have to have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01235-00268656-00268758 40-year
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01236-00268759-00269023 logging plans and it's the ideal is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01237-00269024-00269215 really looking for sustainable forestry
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01238-00269216-00269406 with replanting regimens and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01239-00269407-00269647 and the whole property is plotted out
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01240-00269648-00269799 and it's a sustainable forestry
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01241-00269800-00269910 mechanism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01242-00269911-00270103 but the idea here is that there's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01243-00270104-00270295 different revenue streams that can be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01244-00270296-00270519 looked at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01245-00270520-00270663 some of the revenue streams that we've
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01246-00270664-00270830 been looking at that actually have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01247-00270831-00271023 helped us throughout this culvert time
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01248-00271024-00271110 and are actually
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01249-00271111-00271463 um i i saw that in africa where we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01250-00271464-00271623 overlap a lot and i think
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01251-00271624-00271823 overall with a lot of our presentations
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01252-00271824-00271999 you see some of this overlap
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01253-00272000-00272239 apiculture is is a really big one
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01254-00272240-00272391 because you are allowed
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01255-00272392-00272630 uh you if you have forested area you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01256-00272631-00272799 actually get really good honey
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01257-00272800-00272895 production
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01258-00272896-00273206 and so you have honey agriculture we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01259-00273207-00273239 have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01260-00273240-00273487 nurseries the interesting thing about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01261-00273488-00273703 nurses is you can do them on the edges
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01262-00273704-00273839 of forested area
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01263-00273840-00274015 you're looking at natural pollination
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01264-00274016-00274271 natural collection of forested plants
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01265-00274272-00274599 mahogany's different local timber
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01266-00274600-00274919 stocks but you also have nurseries um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01267-00274920-00275110 some of the partners and some of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01268-00275111-00275295 co-managers and small community
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01269-00275296-00275471 organizations have also looked
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01270-00275472-00275775 into nurseries for fruit bearing so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01271-00275776-00276023 in this region citrus is a very large
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01272-00276024-00276079 product
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01273-00276080-00276279 and so they have gotten into citrus
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01274-00276280-00276391 plants and and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01275-00276392-00276599 harvesting and selling of these
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01276-00276600-00276734 nurseries it is a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01277-00276735-00276943 high volume you have to do high volume
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01278-00276944-00277151 sales basically for it to be because
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01279-00277152-00277263 you're thinking it's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01280-00277264-00277527 it's not a uh you're not paying a whole
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01281-00277528-00277599 lot for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01282-00277600-00277863 per planet so you have to do high volume
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01283-00277864-00278023 for this to be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01284-00278024-00278471 seriously economically feasible um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01285-00278472-00278734 sorry i'll go back other options that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01286-00278735-00278815 we've seen
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01287-00278816-00279015 is sustainable forestry like i said
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01288-00279016-00279206 depending on the designation of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01289-00279207-00279406 reserve you can do forestry and what we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01290-00279407-00279582 have is a case of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01291-00279583-00279975 many of them are registered certified
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01292-00279976-00280191 forestry systems so you have rainforest
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01293-00280192-00280391 alliance who certifies
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01294-00280392-00280639 your harvest system it's it's very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01295-00280640-00280719 technical
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01296-00280720-00280958 in terms of uh getting out there marking
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01297-00280959-00281127 your trees you have to have a serious
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01298-00281128-00281175 plot
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01299-00281176-00281334 and and there is a regiment that you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01300-00281335-00281575 have to follow when you are harvesting
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01301-00281576-00281855 there are um there is one ngo in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01302-00281856-00282030 particular that runs one of the largest
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01303-00282031-00282263 protected areas in the country and it is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01304-00282264-00282319 a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01305-00282320-00282671 a income stream a serious income stream
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01306-00282672-00282887 i will say that the thing with timber is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01307-00282888-00283127 it requires front-ended money meaning
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01308-00283128-00283287 you have to have the money to do all the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01309-00283288-00283543 science to do the gpsing to do all the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01310-00283544-00283743 and then the logging so when you sell it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01311-00283744-00283895 you can get a it's a high-value
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01312-00283896-00284071 commodity and you can actually make it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01313-00284072-00284271 into value-added products working with
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01314-00284272-00284343 your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01315-00284344-00284615 communities um doing furnitures and and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01316-00284616-00284719 other items
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01317-00284720-00285023 however the process of extraction um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01318-00285024-00285327 is is front end expensive
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01319-00285328-00285534 the second one that we have here um or
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01320-00285535-00285671 the fourth that i'm going through in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01321-00285672-00285863 terms of other financing options is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01322-00285864-00285910 actually
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01323-00285911-00286095 carbon and i think joanna spoke a little
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01324-00286096-00286239 bit as to carbon we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01325-00286240-00286430 are looking at carbon in the voluntary
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01326-00286431-00286654 market so unless you had a locked in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01327-00286655-00286919 agreement um it's very difficult to sell
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01328-00286920-00287063 carbon at this point
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01329-00287064-00287287 what we are seeing in the marine areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01330-00287288-00287430 in order to maintain
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01331-00287431-00287671 mangrove we have a lot of work happening
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01332-00287672-00287758 in the area of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01333-00287759-00287975 blue carbon so we're talking about how
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01334-00287976-00288175 you can maintain and look at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01335-00288176-00288454 carbon from from that and then how you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01336-00288455-00288606 can sell it however
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01337-00288607-00288839 as we're pointing out there is um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01338-00288840-00288927 currently
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01339-00288928-00289110 since there is not that much tourism and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01340-00289111-00289303 we know that the airlines traditionally
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01341-00289304-00289447 are the big purchasers
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01342-00289448-00289719 um within the voluntary market this is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01343-00289720-00289815 it is a bit
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01344-00289816-00290143 um it's a bit precarious at this moment
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01345-00290144-00290454 in terms of talking about that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01346-00290455-00290639 so why do i say not all areas are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01347-00290640-00290815 project protected areas are created
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01348-00290816-00290863 equal
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01349-00290864-00291095 some have great forest reserves some of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01350-00291096-00291343 them have great potential in terms of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01351-00291344-00291503 agro
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01352-00291504-00291734 agroforestry products non-timber
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01353-00291735-00291871 products
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01354-00291872-00292087 but some of them and this is where i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01355-00292088-00292239 work half moon key
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01356-00292240-00292463 as you can see this this island is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01357-00292464-00292543 pretty much
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01358-00292544-00292806 set up that you want to go diving here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01359-00292807-00292863 so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01360-00292864-00293143 that is what its natural talents are and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01361-00293144-00293182 i know
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01362-00293183-00293367 as humans now we talk about what are our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01363-00293368-00293527 natural talents and to follow our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01364-00293528-00293615 passions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01365-00293616-00293847 so really the island is doing what it's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01366-00293848-00294047 naturally meant to do it's attracting
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01367-00294048-00294199 people to go do these hobbies
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01368-00294200-00294527 and passions so diving is one um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01369-00294528-00294710 what you see behind me currently in my
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01370-00294711-00294871 filter and what is here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01371-00294872-00295175 this is a natural wetland it is a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01372-00295176-00295487 iba it is actually an on a ramsar site
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01373-00295488-00295599 so there's two or three
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01374-00295600-00295815 ramzar sites with two two ramsar sites
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01375-00295816-00295927 within the country
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01376-00295928-00296182 and they're important for water birds
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01377-00296183-00296254 and so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01378-00296255-00296527 um and across the country we know that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01379-00296528-00296606 birding
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01380-00296607-00296927 has become a big form of tourism so this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01381-00296928-00297110 is a local women's group that we were
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01382-00297111-00297279 training and working with to build their
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01383-00297280-00297471 capacity to run
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01384-00297472-00297863 tours and so they're it's really bright
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01385-00297864-00297991 i love this picture
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01386-00297992-00298343 and then we have the natural again
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01387-00298344-00298527 the natural tendencies of your of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01388-00298528-00298734 land if you can't develop it and you see
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01389-00298735-00298775 these
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01390-00298776-00299030 great photos and great objects what do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01391-00299031-00299110 you want to do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01392-00299111-00299287 hiking so where this is an image of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01393-00299288-00299471 victoria peak natural monument
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01394-00299472-00299679 which is actually adjacent to cox home
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01395-00299680-00299823 base and wildlife sanctuary
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01396-00299824-00300087 there is a small season window in which
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01397-00300088-00300271 we offer the opportunity to hike here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01398-00300272-00300447 you have to hire all local tour
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01399-00300448-00300543 operators
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01400-00300544-00300823 so the tourism product that is offered
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01401-00300824-00300887 locally
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01402-00300888-00301127 by your protected area managers such as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01403-00301128-00301391 belize autobahn society is directly tied
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01404-00301392-00301575 into the communities and the buffer
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01405-00301576-00301830 communities you have tour operators they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01406-00301831-00301871 have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01407-00301872-00302158 actual local groups there is a lady um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01408-00302159-00302254 who can do your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01409-00302255-00302567 your natural herbal blessings there is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01410-00302568-00302639 for instance
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01411-00302640-00302839 all the small restaurants that are you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01412-00302840-00303030 see on the roadsides normally are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01413-00303031-00303239 aligned with the tourism product
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01414-00303240-00303423 there is a gentleman we talk about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01415-00303424-00303615 coffee and chocolate
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01416-00303616-00303806 all of these additional products but who
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01417-00303807-00303927 is the market
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01418-00303928-00304063 when i'm telling you that we have a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01419-00304064-00304303 population of 400 000 people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01420-00304304-00304551 you have to consider central american
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01421-00304552-00304654 countries and the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01422-00304655-00304943 if you look at the gdps the domestic
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01423-00304944-00304999 market
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01424-00305000-00305223 in terms of supporting the tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01425-00305224-00305463 industry is very small
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01426-00305464-00305679 if you consider countries like honduras
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01427-00305680-00305854 guatemala where you have large
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01428-00305855-00306039 indigenous populations
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01429-00306040-00306263 and you were talking about impoverished
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01430-00306264-00306382 regions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01431-00306383-00306582 and now we're talking about hurricane
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01432-00306583-00306799 ita and iota who basically have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01433-00306800-00306999 decimated these areas with flooding
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01434-00307000-00307206 belize currently half of the country is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01435-00307207-00307375 underwater
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01436-00307376-00307623 so the creating of the resiliency of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01437-00307624-00307775 communities
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01438-00307776-00307958 is important but you have to realize
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01439-00307959-00308182 that if the population and themselves
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01440-00308183-00308263 are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01441-00308264-00308519 are not generating that much money they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01442-00308520-00308751 really can't support the industry
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01443-00308752-00309054 um as it as it's related to that i have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01444-00309055-00309143 this slide here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01445-00309144-00309327 that i'm calling the tourism the good
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01446-00309328-00309471 the bad and the ugly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01447-00309472-00309758 um the beauty of tourism is that it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01448-00309759-00309951 brings in foreign exchange and for the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01449-00309952-00310151 country of the league actually the loss
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01450-00310152-00310271 of tourism since
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01451-00310272-00310567 march has meant um not only towards the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01452-00310568-00310695 tourism sector
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01453-00310696-00310958 it was generating 50 percent of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01454-00310959-00310999 foreign
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01455-00311000-00311334 exchange for the country so importation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01456-00311335-00311575 of products into the country has become
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01457-00311576-00311871 limited um and so that actually has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01458-00311872-00311991 translated into
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01459-00311992-00312215 the purchasing power of the country and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01460-00312216-00312343 the people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01461-00312344-00312654 and so that has a direct impact um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01462-00312655-00312903 the bad what i call the bad i haven't
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01463-00312904-00313023 reflected here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01464-00313024-00313310 the bad is that really tourism is what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01465-00313311-00313415 we are looking for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01466-00313416-00313671 is tourism as a conservation tool i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01467-00313672-00313871 think we need to make that clear
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01468-00313872-00314199 it's not to maximize and optimize
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01469-00314200-00314279 tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01470-00314280-00314519 the idea is to come up with what i call
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01471-00314520-00314719 the sweet spot you know the goldilocks
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01472-00314720-00314934 story it's not too hot not too cold it's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01473-00314935-00315110 that perfect mix
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01474-00315111-00315327 most of us are looking for that perfect
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01475-00315328-00315543 stage we're looking for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01476-00315544-00315854 tourists who are coming who are enjoying
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01477-00315855-00315958 the entire
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01478-00315959-00316191 experience you want to experience the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01479-00316192-00316343 local ecotourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01480-00316344-00316582 you're contributing back it's really
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01481-00316583-00316671 tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01482-00316672-00316927 sustainable tourism it's tourism that is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01483-00316928-00317006 giving back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01484-00317007-00317239 feeding back into the community and it's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01485-00317240-00317447 really looking that your dollars here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01486-00317448-00317663 are coming in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01487-00317664-00317910 you also have to manage tourism because
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01488-00317911-00317999 tourism there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01489-00318000-00318271 is expectations there is actually we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01490-00318272-00318479 have to set up systems in place for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01491-00318480-00318567 tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01492-00318568-00318895 and if you are an ngo such as mine
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01493-00318896-00319158 where we are getting a we're really only
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01494-00319159-00319295 getting entrance fees from the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01495-00319296-00319375 government
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01496-00319376-00319606 we have to create an income stream for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01497-00319607-00319703 ourselves
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01498-00319704-00319999 um we have a very diverse portfolio but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01499-00320000-00320230 i would not deny the fact that tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01500-00320231-00320551 is the largest contributor into our into
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01501-00320552-00320823 our breakdown of how we generate money
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01502-00320824-00321087 it has had a direct impact the problem
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01503-00321088-00321271 is is the work of protected areas and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01504-00321272-00321503 conservation doesn't go away even if the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01505-00321504-00321623 tourism does
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01506-00321624-00321847 so we still have to do the po we still
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01507-00321848-00322039 have to deal with poachers so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01508-00322040-00322254 the less jobs people have the more
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01509-00322255-00322447 chances of them poaching their clearing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01510-00322448-00322551 land illegally
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01511-00322552-00322791 we've had a lot more wildfires before
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01512-00322792-00323006 the rains now we were in drought
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01513-00323007-00323279 so um the drought factor was leading to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01514-00323280-00323519 more wild bush fires we were contending
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01515-00323520-00323695 with fire in the earlier part of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01516-00323696-00323823 year because people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01517-00323824-00324054 you revert back to what culturally you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01518-00324055-00324134 know which is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01519-00324135-00324399 farming now that we don't have tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01520-00324400-00324582 the tour guides have actually applied
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01521-00324583-00324775 for fisheries license so now we have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01522-00324776-00324967 more people trying to fish and extract
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01523-00324968-00325119 from those resources
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01524-00325120-00325327 so it's kind of a case like a stress
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01525-00325328-00325454 ball you squeeze it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01526-00325455-00325647 and it kind of bulges out in different
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01527-00325648-00325758 areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01528-00325759-00325991 we're seeing the impacts of covid not
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01529-00325992-00326239 only to the direct funding
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01530-00326240-00326454 of the protected areas but you're also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01531-00326455-00326623 seeing it in terms of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01532-00326624-00326934 how it's stressing other areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01533-00326935-00327263 i do think that that we are in a time
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01534-00327264-00327415 where we have to figure out
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01535-00327416-00327630 how to diversify and create more
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01536-00327631-00327767 resiliency
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01537-00327768-00328015 but i don't deny and i would never deny
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01538-00328016-00328134 the fact that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01539-00328135-00328358 nothing really can compare to tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01540-00328359-00328495 tourism is actually an
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01541-00328496-00328743 advocacy tool as well because if you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01542-00328744-00328910 consider what you're doing is if you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01543-00328911-00329047 have a great time
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01544-00329048-00329230 you come back and you tell people about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01545-00329231-00329382 it so you're part of the marketing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01546-00329383-00329454 package
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01547-00329455-00329623 if you have a great time and you're like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01548-00329624-00329854 oh i met this man who made chocolate and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01549-00329855-00330047 i had a great experience i learned
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01550-00330048-00330334 um from basically there's a lot of tours
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01551-00330335-00330423 that go from
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01552-00330424-00330678 farm to purchasing so they teach you how
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01553-00330679-00330782 to collect your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01554-00330783-00331006 your your cacao seeds the pods and how
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01555-00331007-00331095 to grind them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01556-00331096-00331327 and the whole process that kind of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01557-00331328-00331510 tourism is teaching you about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01558-00331511-00331751 chains value chains it's teaching people
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01559-00331752-00331863 about where your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01560-00331864-00332047 your food is coming from it's really the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01561-00332048-00332215 idea there's a lot of restaurants doing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01562-00332216-00332351 farm to table
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01563-00332352-00332687 so all of that ties in to a lot of what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01564-00332688-00332887 we are doing in the ngo sector
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01565-00332888-00333134 promoting conservation and the more you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01566-00333135-00333239 learn you become
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01567-00333240-00333399 you start to fall in love with it you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01568-00333400-00333558 start falling in love with the countries
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01569-00333559-00333687 you start falling in love with the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01570-00333688-00333767 program
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01571-00333768-00333958 and love is really a passion point and i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01572-00333959-00334167 always tell people in the ngo sector
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01573-00334168-00334399 we're showing people what your countries
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01574-00334400-00334606 have and hoping that they fall in love
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01575-00334607-00334782 because if you love something hopefully
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01576-00334783-00334903 you take care of it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01577-00334904-00335054 it becomes this passion point that you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01578-00335055-00335206 can talk very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01579-00335207-00335415 eloquently about and you can promote the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01580-00335416-00335615 work so the idea is that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01581-00335616-00335887 every dollar you spend in tourism does
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01582-00335888-00335951 go back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01583-00335952-00336143 into the country goes back into the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01584-00336144-00336254 production but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01585-00336255-00336423 the tourists themselves like i said
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01586-00336424-00336654 become part of the marketing part of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01587-00336655-00336719 product
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01588-00336720-00337015 and hopefully donors volunteers we've
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01589-00337016-00337071 had
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01590-00337072-00337439 guests who translate into volunteers so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01591-00337440-00337710 the real the real idea here is i think i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01592-00337711-00337871 ended with that side but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01593-00337872-00338206 we are um optimistic we do think that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01594-00338207-00338439 tourism is not going to go away
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01595-00338440-00338654 but it is the chance to kind of swing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01596-00338655-00338823 the pendulum a little bit and try to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01597-00338824-00338910 make it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01598-00338911-00339158 more promoting the idea of sustainable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01599-00339159-00339223 tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01600-00339224-00339454 the idea of giving back the idea of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01601-00339455-00339606 fact that tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01602-00339607-00339958 is a tool we want to make it very clear
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01603-00339959-00340191 that it is a tool that it is not
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01604-00340192-00340391 it does not dilute the conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01605-00340392-00340695 goals it is just a financing mechanism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01606-00340696-00340991 and it is uh it is like thank you amanda
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01607-00340992-00341095 yeah yeah so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01608-00341096-00341303 great thank you thanks sorry to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01609-00341304-00341415 interrupt but uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01610-00341416-00341663 just very mindful that uh you have just
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01611-00341664-00341727 a few minutes
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01612-00341728-00341975 left before it you know uh and i want to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01613-00341976-00342087 get at least
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01614-00342088-00342351 one question in uh thank you very much
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01615-00342352-00342558 to amanda and to all the panelists for a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01616-00342559-00342767 very interesting discussion
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01617-00342768-00343063 about the interplay between conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01618-00343064-00343158 and tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01619-00343159-00343495 it's it's quite intriguing to see how
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01620-00343496-00343703 in some ways the loss of tourism has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01621-00343704-00343863 helped to restore some areas
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01622-00343864-00344063 because it's reduced the impacts of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01623-00344064-00344199 tourism but it seems like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01624-00344200-00344430 of course that has been counterbalanced
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01625-00344431-00344687 by the drastic decline in revenues
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01626-00344688-00345023 so i perhaps
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01627-00345024-00345334 now we thank you to uh folks who've sent
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01628-00345335-00345543 in questions on the q a feature
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01629-00345544-00345782 uh and thanks and the panelists have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01630-00345783-00346006 been answering many of them uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01631-00346007-00346223 online and written fashions which is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01632-00346224-00346310 great
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01633-00346311-00346678 um for the benefit of our video audience
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01634-00346679-00346719 that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01635-00346720-00346958 that they recorded who are watching the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01636-00346959-00347054 recording
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01637-00347055-00347254 they may not be able to see the written
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01638-00347255-00347478 answer so i do want to ask the panelists
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01639-00347479-00347767 uh at least one question that was posed
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01640-00347768-00347830 to us
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01641-00347831-00348103 which is international tourism is good
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01642-00348104-00348303 for biodiversity conservation but bad
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01643-00348304-00348478 for climate change
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01644-00348479-00348678 how can international tourists know if
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01645-00348679-00348854 they're being quote net good
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01646-00348855-00349182 or net bad for the environment can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01647-00349183-00349327 conservation that depends on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01648-00349328-00349447 international
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01649-00349448-00349710 fossil fuel burning flights ever be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01650-00349711-00349878 truly sustainable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01651-00349879-00350110 and i think a related question which uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01652-00350111-00350351 joanna slightly somewhat referred to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01653-00350352-00350647 was you know to what extent do the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01654-00350648-00350775 carbon markets
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01655-00350776-00351054 uh he said they're becoming an important
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01656-00351055-00351287 support mechanism for conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01657-00351288-00351478 how much do they support is there some
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01658-00351479-00351615 way we can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01659-00351616-00351854 put a percentage number on it as as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01660-00351855-00352023 opposed to other kinds of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01661-00352024-00352254 income streams and joanna i wonder if we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01662-00352255-00352478 might begin by answering this and we can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01663-00352479-00352734 also canvas the other panels okay so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01664-00352735-00352823 really
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01665-00352824-00353006 absolutely critically important question
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01666-00353007-00353278 james and i've tried answering
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01667-00353279-00353382 your first the first part of your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01668-00353383-00353534 question a bit in the text so just to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01669-00353535-00353678 summarize again
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01670-00353679-00354047 um uh we need international tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01671-00354048-00354134 conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01672-00354135-00354439 i don't you know obviously every flight
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01673-00354440-00354671 creates carbon emissions so there's a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01674-00354672-00354839 trade-off the moment you start taking
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01675-00354840-00354975 off the ground but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01676-00354976-00355254 i what i'm hoping is that 2020 shows us
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01677-00355255-00355334 that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01678-00355335-00355623 you know some flying is okay and that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01679-00355624-00355734 actually perhaps some of the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01680-00355735-00355903 international tourism flying
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01681-00355904-00356182 is of much greater value than it is cost
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01682-00356183-00356415 particularly if the carbon is offset
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01683-00356416-00356599 and that actually you know i would love
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01684-00356600-00356775 to see the business sector targeted a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01685-00356776-00356934 little more strongly for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01686-00356935-00357134 flight flight emission reductions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01687-00357135-00357406 because i think what 2020 has taught us
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01688-00357407-00357439 is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01689-00357440-00357582 we really don't need to be doing all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01690-00357583-00357782 this flying for business you know we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01691-00357783-00357943 have plenty of technology
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01692-00357944-00358247 alternatives now for meetings and so on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01693-00358248-00358558 um so that's and but it i think you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01694-00358559-00358687 raised a very important question about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01695-00358688-00358791 the carbon
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01696-00358792-00358943 markets i mean the answer is the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01697-00358944-00359127 voluntary markets at the moment
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01698-00359128-00359351 are they've been very disappointing over
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01699-00359352-00359534 the last 10 years in terms of volume
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01700-00359535-00359751 and price for what they offer for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01701-00359752-00359919 conservation sector
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01702-00359920-00360175 um but look going forwards my bigger
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01703-00360176-00360247 concern
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01704-00360248-00360382 and i think it should be a concern for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01705-00360383-00360639 all of us is that with all the companies
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01706-00360640-00360678 now
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01707-00360679-00361015 announcing their pathways to net zero
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01708-00361016-00361239 um you know a lot of that has to come
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01709-00361240-00361471 from reduction in fossil fuel emissions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01710-00361472-00361695 so what we don't want is a is a system
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01711-00361696-00361895 of offsets that replaces
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01712-00361896-00362206 the need for fossil fuel reductions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01713-00362207-00362423 so what we want is to encourage both we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01714-00362424-00362615 need a we need a really
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01715-00362616-00362903 good compliant well-regulated system
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01716-00362904-00363103 that comes out of next year and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01717-00363104-00363287 article 6 of the paris agreement that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01718-00363288-00363478 gives us a framework
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01719-00363479-00363734 for achieving that zero through fossil
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01720-00363735-00363895 fuel reductions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01721-00363896-00364110 and at the same time that encourages
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01722-00364111-00364319 these natural climate solutions or
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01723-00364320-00364487 nature-based adaptations
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01724-00364488-00364823 that does bring carbon funding into
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01725-00364824-00365071 conservation frankly i don't think it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01726-00365072-00365239 will ever fund more than a fifth
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01727-00365240-00365534 of what we need to do for nature and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01728-00365535-00365599 that funding
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01729-00365600-00365782 has got to come from a lot of other
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01730-00365783-00365934 places and frankly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01731-00365935-00366239 a lot of it is not economically fundable
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01732-00366240-00366454 you know it's not going to give us the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01733-00366455-00366663 the financial returns
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01734-00366664-00366823 that are needed that's a lot of private
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01735-00366824-00366982 capital at the moment seeking a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01736-00366983-00367206 financial return in conservation
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01737-00367207-00367367 yes there are some places where there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01738-00367368-00367582 will be a financial return the timber
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01739-00367583-00367839 opportunity in belize is a good example
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01740-00367840-00367991 you know there are at the cocoa there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01741-00367992-00368215 are commodities there's plenty of them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01742-00368216-00368415 but actually what we need to be doing is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01743-00368416-00368582 really valuing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01744-00368583-00368799 nature and the full function it plays
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01745-00368800-00368934 for us which is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01746-00368935-00369263 um well beyond what the pure markets
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01747-00369264-00369478 will be able to articulate
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01748-00369479-00369775 um so i'll leave it there for my fellow
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01749-00369776-00370071 panelists to add to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01750-00370072-00370263 would anyone else like to address this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01751-00370264-00370391 question about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01752-00370392-00370582 balancing the good and bad of tourism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01753-00370583-00370782 and especially in relation to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01754-00370783-00371119 carbon markets i think
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01755-00371120-00371430 um i'll speak a little local to the to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01756-00371431-00371551 what joanna is saying
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01757-00371552-00371854 i do think that there's an international
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01758-00371855-00372095 conversation and policy decisions that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01759-00372096-00372215 have to be had
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01760-00372216-00372447 but i think as a local what we've really
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01761-00372448-00372615 done at the grassroots level
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01762-00372616-00372887 is try to to really emphasize the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01763-00372888-00372999 importance of your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01764-00373000-00373271 personal responsibility if you know that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01765-00373272-00373302 you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01766-00373303-00373510 live a responsible life and that you're
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01767-00373511-00373678 purchasing products
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01768-00373679-00373919 that are being produced sustainably that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01769-00373920-00374151 are being done in a holistic
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01770-00374152-00374319 way that is sustainable for the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01771-00374320-00374575 environment i think you can afford to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01772-00374576-00374782 make the decision that i'm going to fly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01773-00374783-00374958 and for instance i can decide i'm going
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01774-00374959-00375215 to use delta because delta purchases
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01775-00375216-00375534 um carbon credits in belize then that is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01776-00375535-00375758 a decision but i do think i agree
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01777-00375759-00376023 a lot of the other and part of it like i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01778-00376024-00376182 said is the experience that you're
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01779-00376183-00376302 having and i think
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01780-00376303-00376502 um one thing covid has really taught us
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01781-00376503-00376702 is the value of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01782-00376703-00376958 time and your value what how you value
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01783-00376959-00377054 your time
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01784-00377055-00377343 um that you spend right the quality
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01785-00377344-00377567 quality of what we get to do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01786-00377568-00377791 um because we're so limited in mobility
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01787-00377792-00377975 we really try to look for quality
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01788-00377976-00378295 in terms of i i don't want to spend my
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01789-00378296-00378343 time
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01790-00378344-00378575 on a flight to the united states where
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01791-00378576-00378719 i'm just going to go to a meeting locked
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01792-00378720-00378854 up in a conference room
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01793-00378855-00379143 using a big ac i can be in my office
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01794-00379144-00379310 having this meeting equally as
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01795-00379311-00379415 effectively
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01796-00379416-00379599 but nothing can compare to the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01797-00379600-00379743 experience of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01798-00379744-00380054 going to um mozambique
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01799-00380055-00380310 and having that experience and and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01800-00380311-00380382 actually
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01801-00380383-00380639 contributing back buying back buying the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01802-00380640-00380830 the products that are locally made there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01803-00380831-00380878 so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01804-00380879-00381047 i do think that that there is the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01805-00381048-00381295 national international level but i think
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01806-00381296-00381510 locally you can also be responsible in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01807-00381511-00381951 your decisions and choices
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01808-00381952-00382247 great thank you amanda um i'm not sure
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01809-00382248-00382430 if anyone else wants to respond to this
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01810-00382431-00382582 but we do have another question that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01811-00382583-00382902 some of you may want to address
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01812-00382903-00383127 what do tangible solutions look like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01813-00383128-00383343 right now to rebuild people's sense of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01814-00383344-00383567 resilience or confidence
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01815-00383568-00383799 obviously funding can sometimes be very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01816-00383800-00383895 important but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01817-00383896-00384030 are there other ways to rebuild that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01818-00384031-00384263 sense of security stability and hope
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01819-00384264-00384910 for the future that covet is taken away
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01820-00384911-00385167 i can i can start again my answers are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01821-00385168-00385327 going to be more grassroots
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01822-00385328-00385606 but i think what we've done is um when
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01823-00385607-00385806 we talk to our buffer communities and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01824-00385807-00385863 the protect
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01825-00385864-00386047 um that surround the protected areas we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01826-00386048-00386182 work in we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01827-00386183-00386487 we talk about supplemental income
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01828-00386488-00386758 we talk about alternative sources so a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01829-00386759-00386958 fisherman will always be a fisherman
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01830-00386959-00387151 he will always have a calling for the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01831-00387152-00387287 sea he will always
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01832-00387288-00387551 fish no matter you you no matter what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01833-00387552-00387623 you do
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01834-00387624-00387782 what you have to do is you have to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01835-00387783-00387999 create a supplemental source of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01836-00388000-00388223 income that can create the resiliency
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01837-00388224-00388358 because climate change
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01838-00388359-00388534 is a huge factor when we start talking
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01839-00388535-00388695 about the fisheries industry
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01840-00388696-00388927 and the terrestrial so in light of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01841-00388928-00389134 climate change not only colbit
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01842-00389135-00389382 you have to have various sources of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01843-00389383-00389454 income
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01844-00389455-00389647 the traditional family structure for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01845-00389648-00389854 instance where it works
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01846-00389855-00390247 the male the male is the the main
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01847-00390248-00390599 financial earner in the family
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01848-00390600-00390830 you're slowly seeing that change because
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01849-00390831-00390958 it's a matter of what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01850-00390959-00391278 can the female or or how can the wife
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01851-00391279-00391478 contribute to the family and the income
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01852-00391479-00391599 and we have found that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01853-00391600-00391887 in many cases um the wife traditionally
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01854-00391888-00392063 has always been the money manager in the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01855-00392064-00392134 home it
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01856-00392135-00392391 just hasn't been recognized as a as an
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01857-00392392-00392454 important
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01858-00392455-00392710 role that she plays so i think the idea
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01859-00392711-00392758 of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01860-00392759-00393015 of the resiliency that you can create is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01861-00393016-00393102 by
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01862-00393103-00393382 with all of us right we have we have a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01863-00393383-00393495 we have a house
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01864-00393496-00393695 right now if your income is cut you look
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01865-00393696-00393919 at can i bake can i sell can i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01866-00393920-00394167 can i make do i have an additional skill
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01867-00394168-00394223 set
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01868-00394224-00394527 so i think that that creating income is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01869-00394528-00394606 really
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01870-00394607-00394863 um and a sense of purpose is really what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01871-00394864-00395063 people are looking for and i think if
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01872-00395064-00395167 you can have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01873-00395168-00395430 various sources then then the better you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01874-00395431-00395782 are
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01875-00395783-00396015 quick addition for me which i think in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01876-00396016-00396110 addition to that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01877-00396111-00396271 and in addition to the points about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01878-00396272-00396471 taking action which is terribly action
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01879-00396472-00396599 is very empowering
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01880-00396600-00396806 the moment you take action you feel more
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01881-00396807-00396958 hopeful because you're doing something
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01882-00396959-00397071 towards things
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01883-00397072-00397295 but i do think there is a really strong
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01884-00397296-00397454 narrative to be told around
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01885-00397455-00397710 restoration and the speed with which
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01886-00397711-00397799 restoration
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01887-00397800-00398047 happens so we've done a lot of work for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01888-00398048-00398247 example on islands in the caribbean
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01889-00398248-00398454 removing invasive species
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01890-00398455-00398782 if you want a hopeful story that is a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01891-00398783-00398975 really great place to start because what
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01892-00398976-00399102 you've got you go
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01893-00399103-00399358 there's a big bear rock no sea birds
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01894-00399359-00399415 nothing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01895-00399416-00399654 everything's being denuded by rats and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01896-00399655-00399758 goats
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01897-00399759-00400063 you spend a year removing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01898-00400064-00400375 rats and goats and leave this big bear
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01899-00400376-00400558 rock in the ocean and you think
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01900-00400559-00400695 well you know i'll come back in a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01901-00400696-00400854 generation's time and maybe there'll be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01902-00400855-00400999 a couple of trees growing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01903-00401000-00401334 no one year later you know grass up to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01904-00401335-00401375 here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01905-00401376-00401639 seeds have been dormant in the soil for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01906-00401640-00401863 decades are starting to sprout
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01907-00401864-00402063 you know two years later you've got a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01908-00402064-00402191 green rock with
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01909-00402192-00402423 full of sea bird colonies and indigenous
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01910-00402424-00402606 lizards and all sorts of things
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01911-00402607-00402767 it's that's there's something very
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01912-00402768-00402999 empowering about knowing that nature is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01913-00403000-00403215 just waiting to bounce back
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01914-00403216-00403519 so that's where i draw hope from
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01915-00403520-00403751 thank you joanna yes i've also seen how
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01916-00403752-00403871 quickly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01917-00403872-00404102 tropical ecosystems in particular can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01918-00404103-00404206 rebound
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01919-00404207-00404478 you're so productive we i'm i'm mindful
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01920-00404479-00404695 well past the hour mark so
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01921-00404696-00404910 want to wrap things up but any final
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01922-00404911-00405134 comments especially justine nayla if you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01923-00405135-00405239 have anything
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01924-00405240-00405471 you'd like to add before we we sign off
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01925-00405472-00405687 i just wanted to add a little bit about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01926-00405688-00405767 the last question
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01927-00405768-00405975 i'll be very quick i can only speak
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01928-00405976-00406191 about my own experience in my country
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01929-00406192-00406271 and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01930-00406272-00406551 the region where we work because it is a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01931-00406552-00406671 developing country
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01932-00406672-00406975 and we work in the central area of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01933-00406976-00407134 mozambique that is
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01934-00407135-00407406 sofala province that is the main
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01935-00407407-00407567 affected with everything that you can
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01936-00407568-00407630 think about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01937-00407631-00407871 it's a conflict area it has been the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01938-00407872-00408047 stronghold for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01939-00408048-00408382 like the different parties and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01940-00408383-00408743 uh it's very recurrent um situations of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01941-00408744-00408863 insecurity
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01942-00408864-00409230 uh in 2019 i guess you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01943-00409231-00409534 ha you you followed we had
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01944-00409535-00409855 the the i die uh cyclone
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01945-00409856-00410166 and then you have people like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01946-00410167-00410503 kind of early experiencing any some type
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01947-00410504-00410607 of shock
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01948-00410608-00410959 so i think resilience is something that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01949-00410960-00411159 they may not know the word but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01950-00411160-00411343 it's it's natural to them if you live
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01951-00411343-00411526 there you have to be resilient because
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01952-00411527-00411766 you have to overcome daily struggles and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01953-00411767-00411847 shocks
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01954-00411847-00412047 strong shots that are out of your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01955-00412047-00412151 control
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01956-00412152-00412478 uh and i would like to say that also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01957-00412479-00412791 uh poverty in the rural area and poverty
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01958-00412792-00412974 in the urban area are very different
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01959-00412975-00413191 things people from the rural area they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01960-00413192-00413359 can be poor because they don't have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01961-00413360-00413551 money to buy things but
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01962-00413552-00413863 if they're not lazy they might
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01963-00413864-00414143 always have something to eat if the area
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01964-00414143-00414295 have some conditions like
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01965-00414296-00414599 they will grow as something that our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01966-00414600-00414759 our struggle right now is to make them
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01967-00414760-00414974 grow those things sustainably that they
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01968-00414975-00415143 are not damaging the soil the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01969-00415143-00415214 environment
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01970-00415215-00415607 around so i think that one thing that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01971-00415608-00415759 i think amanda mentioned is the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01972-00415760-00415943 diversity uh forms of
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01973-00415943-00416143 income because if you have a shock that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01974-00416143-00416414 affects one form specifically you always
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01975-00416415-00416487 might have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01976-00416488-00416703 something else to kind of give you a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01977-00416704-00416855 pillow to keep going
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01978-00416856-00417047 but i'll just stop right there because i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01979-00417047-00417247 know that we don't have much time and we
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01980-00417247-00417318 can stay here
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01981-00417319-00417543 talking forever thank you thank you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01982-00417543-00417678 nayla
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01983-00417679-00417991 justine any kind of work okay well i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01984-00417992-00418039 think
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01985-00418039-00418199 i think i like what joanna said about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01986-00418200-00418359 restoration and certainly as a fund
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01987-00418360-00418574 manager that's where we putting our
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01988-00418575-00418870 efforts and in actual fact uh many uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01989-00418871-00419014 groups that i have been involved in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01990-00419015-00419166 restoration i'm thinking of friends in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01991-00419167-00419199 the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01992-00419200-00419399 kinabatangan floodplain in sappa for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01993-00419400-00419535 example
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01994-00419535-00419735 they have pioneered river rhine forest
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01995-00419735-00419943 restoration and have always banked on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01996-00419943-00420166 tourism to provide some of their
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01997-00420167-00420407 expenses now we are in a position to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01998-00420408-00420470 just uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-01999-00420471-00420766 pause tourism and focus on restoration
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02000-00420767-00420943 uh in other ways we also
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02001-00420943-00421135 ourselves also retooling and refitting
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02002-00421135-00421343 ourselves to come back better
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02003-00421343-00421566 malaysia is managing the crisis quite
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02004-00421567-00421791 well we do expect to see
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02005-00421792-00421951 periods where things are relatively
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02006-00421952-00422151 normal and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02007-00422152-00422359 we think we just continue to talk about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02008-00422360-00422591 doing ecotourism better
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02009-00422592-00422814 getting local participation access and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02010-00422815-00422927 benefit sharing
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02011-00422928-00423118 and just keep those things on the agenda
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02012-00423119-00423270 that's what we're trying to do at the
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02013-00423271-00423510 moment
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02014-00423512-00423687 thank you justine thanks again to all
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02015-00423688-00423847 our panelists i'll just mention there's
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02016-00423847-00424031 been some requests for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02017-00424032-00424343 copies of your presentations um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02018-00424343-00424518 panelists if you are willing to be
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02019-00424519-00424695 contacted by email
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02020-00424696-00424910 can you please quickly put your email
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02021-00424912-00425063 address in the chat or
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02022-00425064-00425375 someone's email address that that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02023-00425376-00425703 attendees can contact if they want your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02024-00425704-00425870 presentation please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02025-00425871-00426063 um i think we're going to wrap things up
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02026-00426064-00426318 work we're 10 minutes past the hour mark
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02027-00426319-00426527 i just want to and and thank you again
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02028-00426528-00426631 to uh
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02029-00426632-00426783 not just our panelists but everyone in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02030-00426784-00426943 attendance i'm sorry we couldn't get to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02031-00426943-00427087 all your questions
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02032-00427088-00427255 uh there are some good ones out there
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02033-00427256-00427431 and there are some that are being
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02034-00427432-00427655 answered online so check those out
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02035-00427656-00427999 i will uh wrap things up
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02036-00428000-00428255 with a a comment in our chat that i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02037-00428256-00428391 thought was quite profound this is a
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02038-00428392-00428575 comment from umabegan
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02039-00428576-00428807 in pakistan thank you huma for for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02040-00428808-00429047 joining us uh she says that
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02041-00429047-00429351 conservation and tourism are both or at
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02042-00429352-00429535 least tourism when it's done properly
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02043-00429535-00429703 conservation and tourism are both about
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02044-00429704-00429863 love love for nature
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02045-00429864-00430118 and i think that's uh that and the best
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02046-00430119-00430359 of circumstances that really is true
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02047-00430360-00430551 and uh you know i know we're all out
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02048-00430552-00430783 there struggling to find ways to
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02049-00430784-00431095 keep our our natural areas beautiful
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02050-00431096-00431414 our beautiful areas uh intact and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02051-00431415-00431766 and and our ecosystems uh functioning
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02052-00431767-00432103 and uh and and i i do know tourism has
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02053-00432104-00432335 an important role to play in that um
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02054-00432335-00432622 so thank you again to all our panelists
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02055-00432623-00432663 for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02056-00432664-00432935 your presentations and your comments and
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02057-00432935-00433047 questions i
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02058-00433047-00433279 i hope this is the start of a broader
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02059-00433280-00433351 discussion
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02060-00433352-00433599 and everyone all the journalists in
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02061-00433600-00433710 attendance
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02062-00433712-00433918 uh we really appreciate appreciate your
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02063-00433919-00434183 interest in this topic
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02064-00434184-00434447 please if you write any stories based on
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02065-00434447-00434647 this webinar can you please
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02066-00434647-00434822 send them to us at the earth journalism
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02067-00434823-00435047 network we will be in touch with you
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02068-00435047-00435287 to everyone who is registered asking for
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02069-00435288-00435414 your feedback
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02070-00435415-00435622 and for any stories that you may have
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02071-00435623-00435814 produced we're really interested
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02072-00435815-00436047 to see what comes out of this and again
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02073-00436047-00436210 please check out our website
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02074-00436212-00436487 earthjournalism.net for future webinars
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02075-00436488-00436663 on this and many other topics
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02076-00436664-00436863 related to environment and climate
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02077-00436864-00436966 change
d0oBRtj_WXQ-02078-00436967-00438112 thanks again everyone
d4y0ifDwz0I-00000-00000041-00000374 Lissa - listen sue - pronunciation ELLs
d4y0ifDwz0I-00001-00000375-00000665 T officially the kingdom of Lesotho sue
d4y0ifDwz0I-00002-00000666-00000911 - Musa Oh Ella sue - is an unclaimed
d4y0ifDwz0I-00003-00000911-00001066 country within the border of South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00004-00001067-00001391 Africa it is just over 30,000 square
d4y0ifDwz0I-00005-00001392-00001522 kilometres
d4y0ifDwz0I-00006-00001523-00001855 11,500 83 square miles in size and has a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00007-00001857-00002123 population of around 2 million its
d4y0ifDwz0I-00008-00002124-00002398 capital and largest city as Masaru
d4y0ifDwz0I-00009-00002399-00002687 lassoo - was previously known as Basset
d4y0ifDwz0I-00010-00002688-00002864 Island but it declared independence from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00011-00002865-00003093 the United Kingdom on the 4th of October
d4y0ifDwz0I-00012-00003094-00003440 1966 the sovereign state as a member of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00013-00003440-00003644 the United Nations the Commonwealth of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00014-00003645-00003781 Nations and the Southern African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00015-00003782-00004163 Development Community SADC the nameless
d4y0ifDwz0I-00016-00004164-00004438 sue - roughly translates to the land of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00017-00004439-00004793 the people who speaks of sue -
d4y0ifDwz0I-00018-00004794-00004973 you
d4y0ifDwz0I-00019-00004974-00005481 topic history
d4y0ifDwz0I-00020-00005482-00005826 topic the original inhabitants of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00021-00005827-00006006 area now known as lassoo - were the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00022-00006007-00006276 sandpeople examples of their rock art
d4y0ifDwz0I-00023-00006277-00006431 can be found in the mountains throughout
d4y0ifDwz0I-00024-00006433-00006764 the area
d4y0ifDwz0I-00025-00006765-00007608 topic rule of Masha Shuai 1822 to 1868
d4y0ifDwz0I-00026-00007609-00007959 topic the present lassoo - then called
d4y0ifDwz0I-00027-00007959-00008192 basa Toland emerged as a single polity
d4y0ifDwz0I-00028-00008193-00008471 under king ma shushu the first in 1822
d4y0ifDwz0I-00029-00008472-00008792 ma Shu Shu a son of mocha chain a minor
d4y0ifDwz0I-00030-00008793-00009014 chief of the bakit le lineage formed his
d4y0ifDwz0I-00031-00009015-00009296 own clan and became a chief around 1804
d4y0ifDwz0I-00032-00009297-00009677 between 1821 and 1823 he and his
d4y0ifDwz0I-00033-00009678-00009852 followers settled at the booth of Buddha
d4y0ifDwz0I-00034-00009853-00010064 mountain joining with former adversaries
d4y0ifDwz0I-00035-00010065-00010241 in resistance against the life akane
d4y0ifDwz0I-00036-00010242-00010431 associated with the reign of Shaka Zulu
d4y0ifDwz0I-00037-00010432-00010910 from 1818 to 1828 subsequent evolution
d4y0ifDwz0I-00038-00010911-00011094 of the state hinge on conflicts between
d4y0ifDwz0I-00039-00011095-00011313 British and Dutch colonists leaving the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00040-00011314-00011496 Cape Colony following its seizure from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00041-00011497-00011673 the French allied Dutch by the British
d4y0ifDwz0I-00042-00011674-00011996 in 1795 and subsequently associated with
d4y0ifDwz0I-00043-00011997-00012149 the orange river sovereignty and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00044-00012150-00012338 subsequent Orange Free State
d4y0ifDwz0I-00045-00012339-00012566 missionaries invited by ma shushu I
d4y0ifDwz0I-00046-00012567-00012846 Thomas are beset eugenecash Solly's and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00047-00012847-00013016 constant Gosselin from the Paris
d4y0ifDwz0I-00048-00013017-00013269 evangelical missionary society placed at
d4y0ifDwz0I-00049-00013269-00013503 Moria developed orthography and printed
d4y0ifDwz0I-00050-00013504-00013700 works in the cisu - language between
d4y0ifDwz0I-00051-00013701-00014127 1837 and 1855 Casal 'is acting as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00052-00014128-00014322 translator and providing advice on
d4y0ifDwz0I-00053-00014322-00014493 foreign affairs helped to set up
d4y0ifDwz0I-00054-00014494-00014718 diplomatic channels and acquire guns for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00055-00014719-00014906 use against the encroaching Europeans
d4y0ifDwz0I-00056-00014907-00015177 and the Greek WA people Trek bore from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00057-00015178-00015375 the Cape Colony showed up on the western
d4y0ifDwz0I-00058-00015376-00015581 borders of Vasa Toland and claimed land
d4y0ifDwz0I-00059-00015582-00015771 rights beginning with Jan de Winne are
d4y0ifDwz0I-00060-00015772-00015963 who settled in the Matt liking area in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00061-00015963-00016287 May to June 1838 as more Boers were
d4y0ifDwz0I-00062-00016288-00016455 moving into the area they tried to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00063-00016456-00016653 colonize the land between the two rivers
d4y0ifDwz0I-00064-00016654-00016853 even north of the Caledon claiming that
d4y0ifDwz0I-00065-00016854-00017000 it had been abandoned by the Sioux two
d4y0ifDwz0I-00066-00017001-00017280 people ma shoo-shoo subsequently signed
d4y0ifDwz0I-00067-00017281-00017456 a treaty with the British governor of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00068-00017457-00017687 the Cape Colony Sir George Thomas Napier
d4y0ifDwz0I-00069-00017688-00017825 that annexed the orange river
d4y0ifDwz0I-00070-00017826-00018022 sovereignty that many Boers had settled
d4y0ifDwz0I-00071-00018023-00018300 these outraged Boers were suppressed in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00072-00018301-00018696 a brief skirmish in 1848 in 1851 a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00073-00018697-00018905 British force was defeated by the Basu
d4y0ifDwz0I-00074-00018906-00019112 to Army at : yama touching off an
d4y0ifDwz0I-00075-00019113-00019344 embarrassing war for the British after
d4y0ifDwz0I-00076-00019345-00019631 repelling another British attack in 1852
d4y0ifDwz0I-00077-00019632-00019830 ma shoo-shoo sent an appeal to the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00078-00019831-00019980 British commander that settled the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00079-00019981-00020190 dispute diplomatically then defeated the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00080-00020191-00020661 battle akoa in 1853 in 1854 the British
d4y0ifDwz0I-00081-00020662-00020928 pulled out of the region and in 1858 ma
d4y0ifDwz0I-00082-00020929-00020997 shoo-shoo
d4y0ifDwz0I-00083-00020998-00021186 series of wars with the Boers in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00084-00021187-00021389 Free State Basu - war losing a great
d4y0ifDwz0I-00085-00021390-00021675 portion of the western lowlands the last
d4y0ifDwz0I-00086-00021676-00021969 war in 1867 ended when ma shoo-shoo
d4y0ifDwz0I-00087-00021970-00022169 appealed to Queen Victoria who agreed to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00088-00022170-00022314 make Bassett Island a British
d4y0ifDwz0I-00089-00022315-00022769 protectorate in 1868
d4y0ifDwz0I-00090-00022770-00023558 topic British rule 1868 to 1966
d4y0ifDwz0I-00091-00023559-00023975 topic in 1869 the British signed a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00092-00023976-00024141 treaty at Ollie wall north with the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00093-00024142-00024300 Boers that defined the boundaries of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00094-00024301-00024525 Bassett Island and later lassoo to which
d4y0ifDwz0I-00095-00024526-00024702 by ceding the western territories
d4y0ifDwz0I-00096-00024703-00024911 effectively reduced ma Shu shus Kingdom
d4y0ifDwz0I-00097-00024912-00025280 to half its previous size following the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00098-00025281-00025559 session in 1869 the British initially
d4y0ifDwz0I-00099-00025560-00025752 transferred functions from ma shoe shoes
d4y0ifDwz0I-00100-00025752-00025964 capital in table by shoe to a police
d4y0ifDwz0I-00101-00025966-00026114 camp on the northwest border
d4y0ifDwz0I-00102-00026116-00026358 Masaru until administration of Bassett
d4y0ifDwz0I-00103-00026358-00026502 Island was transferred to the Cape
d4y0ifDwz0I-00104-00026502-00026864 Colony in 1871 ma shoe shoe died on the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00105-00026866-00027231 11th of March 1870 are conditional era
d4y0ifDwz0I-00106-00027232-00027501 and the beginning of the colonial era he
d4y0ifDwz0I-00107-00027502-00027735 was buried at table by shoe in the early
d4y0ifDwz0I-00108-00027736-00028020 years of British rule between 1871 and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00109-00028020-00028302 1884 Bassett Oland was treated similarly
d4y0ifDwz0I-00110-00028302-00028476 to other territories that had been
d4y0ifDwz0I-00111-00028477-00028658 forcefully annexed much to the chagrin
d4y0ifDwz0I-00112-00028659-00028977 of the Basu - this led to the gun war in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00113-00028977-00029337 1881 in 1884 Bassett Island was restored
d4y0ifDwz0I-00114-00029338-00029546 its status as a protectorate with Masaru
d4y0ifDwz0I-00115-00029547-00029733 again its capital but remained under
d4y0ifDwz0I-00116-00029733-00029898 direct rule by a governor though
d4y0ifDwz0I-00117-00029899-00030087 effective internal power was wielded by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00118-00030088-00030476 traditional Chiefs
d4y0ifDwz0I-00119-00030477-00031161 topic independence 1966 present
d4y0ifDwz0I-00120-00031162-00031461 topic basa Toland gained its
d4y0ifDwz0I-00121-00031462-00031652 independence from britain and became the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00122-00031654-00031982 kingdom of Lesotho in 1966 in January
d4y0ifDwz0I-00123-00031983-00032280 1970 the ruling Basu two National Party
d4y0ifDwz0I-00124-00032281-00032514 BNP lost the first post independence
d4y0ifDwz0I-00125-00032514-00032796 general elections with 23 seats to the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00126-00032797-00033114 bass Atoll in Congress Party's 36 Prime
d4y0ifDwz0I-00127-00033115-00033324 Minister Lee Bowie Jonathan refused to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00128-00033325-00033549 cede power to the Basu to Congress party
d4y0ifDwz0I-00129-00033550-00033876 BCP declared himself toe Nicola cisu to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00130-00033877-00034062 translation of Prime Minister and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00131-00034063-00034458 imprisoned the BCP leadership BCP began
d4y0ifDwz0I-00132-00034459-00034632 a rebellion and then received training
d4y0ifDwz0I-00133-00034633-00034848 in Libya for its lassoo to Liberation
d4y0ifDwz0I-00134-00034849-00035091 Army lla under the pretence of being as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00135-00035092-00035436 an Ian people s Liberation Army a PLA
d4y0ifDwz0I-00136-00035437-00035637 soldiers of the pan-africanist Congress
d4y0ifDwz0I-00137-00035638-00036033 pact deprived of arms and supplies by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00138-00036034-00036363 the saveco faction of the pact in 1978
d4y0ifDwz0I-00139-00036364-00036732 the 178 strong lla was rescued from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00140-00036733-00036960 their Tanzanian base by the financial
d4y0ifDwz0I-00141-00036961-00037215 assistance of a Maoist pack officer but
d4y0ifDwz0I-00142-00037216-00037377 they launched the guerrilla war with
d4y0ifDwz0I-00143-00037378-00037698 only a handful of old weapons the main
d4y0ifDwz0I-00144-00037699-00037938 force was defeated in northern Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00145-00037939-00038181 and later guerrillas launched sporadic
d4y0ifDwz0I-00146-00038182-00038493 but usually ineffectual attacks the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00147-00038494-00038721 campaign was severely compromised when
d4y0ifDwz0I-00148-00038722-00039138 BCP s leader NT su mo Cal went to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00149-00039139-00039495 Pretoria in the early 1980s several Basu
d4y0ifDwz0I-00150-00039496-00039738 - who sympathized with the exiled BCP
d4y0ifDwz0I-00151-00039739-00039897 were threatened with death and attacked
d4y0ifDwz0I-00152-00039898-00040089 by the government of Libre Jonathan on
d4y0ifDwz0I-00153-00040090-00040440 the 4th of September 1981 the family of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00154-00040441-00040707 Benjamin Missy Lowe was attacked in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00155-00040708-00040920 attack his three-year-old grandson lost
d4y0ifDwz0I-00156-00040921-00041214 his life exactly four days later edgar
d4y0ifDwz0I-00157-00041215-00041406 Mala Mala mo tuba the editor of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00158-00041407-00041604 popular newspaper les allene jana lala
d4y0ifDwz0I-00159-00041605-00041787 hsu - was abducted from his home
d4y0ifDwz0I-00160-00041788-00041981 together with two friends and murdered
d4y0ifDwz0I-00161-00041982-00042416 the BNP ruled from 1966 until january
d4y0ifDwz0I-00162-00042417-00042792 1970 what later ensued was a de facto
d4y0ifDwz0I-00163-00042793-00043011 government led by dr. liebo jonathan
d4y0ifDwz0I-00164-00043012-00043293 until 1986 when a military coup forced
d4y0ifDwz0I-00165-00043294-00043539 it out of office the transitional
d4y0ifDwz0I-00166-00043540-00043722 military council that came to power
d4y0ifDwz0I-00167-00043723-00043974 granted executive powers to King ma shoe
d4y0ifDwz0I-00168-00043975-00044202 shoe ii who was until then a ceremonial
d4y0ifDwz0I-00169-00044203-00044550 monarch but in 1987 the king was four
d4y0ifDwz0I-00170-00044551-00044763 into exile after coming up with a six
d4y0ifDwz0I-00171-00044764-00044940 page memorandum on how he wanted the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00172-00044941-00045138 lassoo two's constitution to be which
d4y0ifDwz0I-00173-00045139-00045264 would have given him more executive
d4y0ifDwz0I-00174-00045265-00045453 powers had the military government
d4y0ifDwz0I-00175-00045454-00045720 agreed his son was installed as king
d4y0ifDwz0I-00176-00045721-00046005 let's see the third the chairman of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00177-00046006-00046236 military hoon de major-general Justin
d4y0ifDwz0I-00178-00046237-00046527 met Singh lakenya was ousted in 1991 and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00179-00046528-00046764 replaced by Major General Elias Faisal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00180-00046765-00046965 on a Rama who handed over power to a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00181-00046966-00047163 democratically elected government of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00182-00047164-00047580 BCP in 1993 ma Shu Shu - returned from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00183-00047581-00047852 exile in 1992 as an ordinary citizen
d4y0ifDwz0I-00184-00047853-00048060 after the return to democratic
d4y0ifDwz0I-00185-00048061-00048246 government King let's see the third
d4y0ifDwz0I-00186-00048247-00048513 tried unsuccessfully to persuade the BCP
d4y0ifDwz0I-00187-00048514-00048735 government to reinstate his father ma
d4y0ifDwz0I-00188-00048736-00049059 Shu Shu - as head of state in August
d4y0ifDwz0I-00189-00049060-00049350 1994 let's see three stage the military
d4y0ifDwz0I-00190-00049351-00049536 backed coup that deposed the BCP
d4y0ifDwz0I-00191-00049537-00049767 government after the BCP government
d4y0ifDwz0I-00192-00049768-00049962 refused to reinstate his father ma
d4y0ifDwz0I-00193-00049963-00050148 shushu - according to Lee su twos
d4y0ifDwz0I-00194-00050149-00050418 constitution the new government did not
d4y0ifDwz0I-00195-00050419-00050606 receive full international recognition
d4y0ifDwz0I-00196-00050607-00050817 member states of the Southern African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00197-00050818-00051135 Development Community SADC engaged in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00198-00051136-00051345 negotiations to reinstate the BCP
d4y0ifDwz0I-00199-00051346-00051605 government one of the conditions let's
d4y0ifDwz0I-00200-00051607-00051783 see three put forward for this was that
d4y0ifDwz0I-00201-00051784-00051990 his father should be reinstalled as head
d4y0ifDwz0I-00202-00051991-00052292 of state after protracted negotiations
d4y0ifDwz0I-00203-00052294-00052545 the BCP government was reinstated and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00204-00052546-00052746 let's see three abdicated in favor of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00205-00052747-00053019 his father in 1995 but he ascended the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00206-00053020-00053232 throne again when ma Shu Shu - died at
d4y0ifDwz0I-00207-00053233-00053454 the age of 57 in a supposed road
d4y0ifDwz0I-00208-00053454-00053628 accident when his car plunged off a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00209-00053629-00053804 mountain road during the early hours of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00210-00053805-00054195 the 15th of January 1996 according to a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00211-00054196-00054402 government statement ma Shu Shu had set
d4y0ifDwz0I-00212-00054403-00054603 out at 1:00 a.m. to visit his cattle at
d4y0ifDwz0I-00213-00054604-00054798 Mat seeing and was returning to Maseru
d4y0ifDwz0I-00214-00054799-00054966 through the Malucci mountains when his
d4y0ifDwz0I-00215-00054966-00055314 car left the road in 1997 the ruling BCP
d4y0ifDwz0I-00216-00055315-00055584 split over leadership disputes Prime
d4y0ifDwz0I-00217-00055585-00055833 Minister NT su mocha hill formed a new
d4y0ifDwz0I-00218-00055834-00056016 party the lassoo to congress for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00219-00056016-00056265 democracy LCD and was followed by a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00220-00056266-00056469 majority of members of parliament which
d4y0ifDwz0I-00221-00056470-00056721 enabled him to form a new government POC
d4y0ifDwz0I-00222-00056722-00056940 Aletha masa silly succeeded mocha hill
d4y0ifDwz0I-00223-00056941-00057155 as party leader in the LCD won the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00224-00057157-00057366 general elections in 1998
d4y0ifDwz0I-00225-00057366-00057588 although the elections were pronounced
d4y0ifDwz0I-00226-00057589-00057779 free and fair by local and international
d4y0ifDwz0I-00227-00057779-00057921 observers and as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00228-00057922-00058094 subsequent special commission appointed
d4y0ifDwz0I-00229-00058095-00058367 by SADC the opposition political parties
d4y0ifDwz0I-00230-00058368-00058757 rejected the results opposition protests
d4y0ifDwz0I-00231-00058758-00058974 in the country intensified culminating
d4y0ifDwz0I-00232-00058975-00059174 in a peaceful demonstration outside the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00233-00059175-00059513 royal palace in august 1998 exact
d4y0ifDwz0I-00234-00059514-00059681 details of what followed are greatly
d4y0ifDwz0I-00235-00059682-00059898 disputed both in Lesotho and South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00236-00059899-00060191 Africa while the Botswana Defense Force
d4y0ifDwz0I-00237-00060192-00060386 troops were welcomed tensions with South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00238-00060387-00060599 African National Defence Force troops
d4y0ifDwz0I-00239-00060600-00060803 were high resulting in fighting
d4y0ifDwz0I-00240-00060804-00060998 incidences of sporadic rioting
d4y0ifDwz0I-00241-00060999-00061236 intensified when South African troops
d4y0ifDwz0I-00242-00061237-00061442 hoisted a South African flag over the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00243-00061443-00061799 Royal Palace by the time the SADC forces
d4y0ifDwz0I-00244-00061800-00062061 withdrew in May 1999 much of the capital
d4y0ifDwz0I-00245-00062062-00062267 of Missouri lay in ruins and the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00246-00062268-00062454 southern provincial capital towns of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00247-00062454-00062649 matha ting and majalis Hook had seen the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00248-00062650-00062825 loss of over a third of their commercial
d4y0ifDwz0I-00249-00062826-00063111 real estate a number of South Africans
d4y0ifDwz0I-00250-00063112-00063367 and basu - also died in the fighting an
d4y0ifDwz0I-00251-00063368-00063678 interim political authority IPA charged
d4y0ifDwz0I-00252-00063679-00063861 with reviewing the electoral structure
d4y0ifDwz0I-00253-00063862-00064042 in the country was created in December
d4y0ifDwz0I-00254-00064043-00064430 1998 the IPA devised a proportional
d4y0ifDwz0I-00255-00064431-00064613 electoral system to ensure that the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00256-00064614-00064797 opposition would be represented in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00257-00064798-00065051 national assembly the new system
d4y0ifDwz0I-00258-00065052-00065237 retained the existing ad elected
d4y0ifDwz0I-00259-00065238-00065460 assembly seats but added 40 seats to be
d4y0ifDwz0I-00260-00065461-00065760 filled on a proportional basis elections
d4y0ifDwz0I-00261-00065761-00065942 were held under this new system in May
d4y0ifDwz0I-00262-00065943-00066287 2002 and the LCD one again gaining 54
d4y0ifDwz0I-00263-00066288-00066522 percent of the vote but for the first
d4y0ifDwz0I-00264-00066523-00066753 time opposition political parties won
d4y0ifDwz0I-00265-00066754-00066974 significant numbers of seats and despite
d4y0ifDwz0I-00266-00066975-00067142 some irregularities and threats of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00267-00067143-00067341 violence from major-general lakenya
d4y0ifDwz0I-00268-00067342-00067548 lassoo - experienced its first peaceful
d4y0ifDwz0I-00269-00067549-00067838 election nine opposition parties now
d4y0ifDwz0I-00270-00067839-00068040 hold all 40 of the proportional seats
d4y0ifDwz0I-00271-00068041-00068324 with the BNP having the largest chair 21
d4y0ifDwz0I-00272-00068325-00068724 the LCD has 79 of the 80 constituency
d4y0ifDwz0I-00273-00068725-00069003 based seats although its elected members
d4y0ifDwz0I-00274-00069004-00069224 participate in the National Assembly the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00275-00069225-00069437 BNP has launched several legal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00276-00069438-00069644 challenges to the elections including a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00277-00069645-00069962 recount none has been successful on the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00278-00069963-00070254 30th of August 2014 an alleged abortive
d4y0ifDwz0I-00279-00070255-00070521 military coup took place
d4y0ifDwz0I-00280-00070522-00070712 forcing then prime minister Thomas de
d4y0ifDwz0I-00281-00070713-00070890 Bona to flee to South Africa for three
d4y0ifDwz0I-00282-00070891-00071309 days
d4y0ifDwz0I-00283-00071310-00071766 topic politics
d4y0ifDwz0I-00284-00071767-00072087 topic the lassoo to government is a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00285-00072088-00072321 parliamentary or constitutional monarchy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00286-00072322-00072594 the Prime Minister Tom de Bona is head
d4y0ifDwz0I-00287-00072595-00072756 of government and has executive
d4y0ifDwz0I-00288-00072757-00073050 authority the king of lassoo - let's see
d4y0ifDwz0I-00289-00073051-00073212 three serves a largely ceremonial
d4y0ifDwz0I-00290-00073213-00073437 function he no longer possesses any
d4y0ifDwz0I-00291-00073438-00073614 executive authority and is prohibited
d4y0ifDwz0I-00292-00073615-00073824 from actively participating in political
d4y0ifDwz0I-00293-00073825-00074051 initiatives
d4y0ifDwz0I-00294-00074052-00074369 the Alba su2 convention ABC leads a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00295-00074370-00074543 coalition government in the National
d4y0ifDwz0I-00296-00074544-00074717 Assembly the lower house of parliament
d4y0ifDwz0I-00297-00074718-00075026 the upper house of parliament called the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00298-00075027-00075263 Senate is composed of 22 principal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00299-00075264-00075416 Chiefs whose membership is hereditary
d4y0ifDwz0I-00300-00075417-00075680 and 11 appointees of the King acting on
d4y0ifDwz0I-00301-00075681-00075944 the advice of the Prime Minister the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00302-00075945-00076172 Constitution provides for an independent
d4y0ifDwz0I-00303-00076173-00076346 judicial system made up of the High
d4y0ifDwz0I-00304-00076347-00076562 Court the Court of Appeal magistrates
d4y0ifDwz0I-00305-00076563-00076775 courts and traditional courts that exist
d4y0ifDwz0I-00306-00076776-00077084 predominantly in rural areas all but one
d4y0ifDwz0I-00307-00077085-00077270 of the justices on the Court of Appeal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00308-00077271-00077546 are south african jurists there is no
d4y0ifDwz0I-00309-00077547-00077804 trial by jury rather judges make rulings
d4y0ifDwz0I-00310-00077805-00078032 alone or in the case of criminal trials
d4y0ifDwz0I-00311-00078033-00078338 with two other judges as observers the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00312-00078339-00078581 Constitution also protects basic civil
d4y0ifDwz0I-00313-00078582-00078773 liberties including freedom of speech
d4y0ifDwz0I-00314-00078774-00079001 freedom of association freedom of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00315-00079002-00079202 press freedom of peaceful assembly and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00316-00079203-00079493 freedom of religion lassoo ii was ranked
d4y0ifDwz0I-00317-00079494-00079742 twelfth out of 48 sub-saharan African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00318-00079743-00080012 countries in the 2008 Ibrahim index of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00319-00080013-00080258 African Governance as of 2010 to people
d4y0ifDwz0I-00320-00080259-00080471 s charter movement called for the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00321-00080472-00080699 practical annexation of the country by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00322-00080700-00081004 South Africa due to the HIV epidemic
d4y0ifDwz0I-00323-00081005-00081311 nearly a quarter of the population tests
d4y0ifDwz0I-00324-00081312-00081680 positive for HIV the country faced high
d4y0ifDwz0I-00325-00081681-00081941 unemployment economic collapse a weak
d4y0ifDwz0I-00326-00081942-00082172 currency and poor travel documents
d4y0ifDwz0I-00327-00082173-00082469 restricting movement an African Union
d4y0ifDwz0I-00328-00082470-00082673 report called for economic integration
d4y0ifDwz0I-00329-00082674-00082961 of Lesotho with South Africa but stopped
d4y0ifDwz0I-00330-00082962-00083276 short of suggesting annexation in May
d4y0ifDwz0I-00331-00083277-00083528 2010 the Charter movement delivered a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00332-00083529-00083723 petition to the South African High
d4y0ifDwz0I-00333-00083724-00084035 Commission requesting integration South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00334-00084036-00084338 Africa s Home Affairs spokesman Ronnie
d4y0ifDwz0I-00335-00084339-00084572 Mamo Appa rejected the idea that lassoo
d4y0ifDwz0I-00336-00084573-00084755 too should be treated as a special case
d4y0ifDwz0I-00337-00084756-00084986 it is a sovereign country like South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00338-00084987-00085277 Africa we sent envoys to our neighbours
d4y0ifDwz0I-00339-00085278-00085613 Botswana Zimbabwe Swaziland and lassoo
d4y0ifDwz0I-00340-00085614-00085882 too before we enforced the passport rule
d4y0ifDwz0I-00341-00085883-00086144 when you travel from Britain to South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00342-00086145-00086330 Africa don't you expect to use a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00343-00086331-00086761 passport
d4y0ifDwz0I-00344-00086762-00087289 topic foreign relations
d4y0ifDwz0I-00345-00087290-00087742 topic Lesotho s geographic location
d4y0ifDwz0I-00346-00087743-00087925 makes it extremely vulnerable to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00347-00087926-00088174 political and economic developments in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00348-00088175-00088468 South Africa it is a member of many
d4y0ifDwz0I-00349-00088469-00088690 regional economic organizations
d4y0ifDwz0I-00350-00088691-00088876 including the Southern African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00351-00088877-00089164 Development Community sa DC and the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00352-00089165-00089521 Southern African customs union Saku it
d4y0ifDwz0I-00353-00089522-00089773 is also active in the United Nations UN
d4y0ifDwz0I-00354-00089774-00090057 the African Union o the non-aligned
d4y0ifDwz0I-00355-00090058-00090282 movement the Commonwealth and many other
d4y0ifDwz0I-00356-00090283-00090556 international organizations Prince C so
d4y0ifDwz0I-00357-00090557-00090763 Simon AC so as the present High
d4y0ifDwz0I-00358-00090764-00090925 Commissioner of the kingdom of Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00359-00090926-00091369 to the court of st. James's s the UN is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00360-00091370-00091564 represented by a resident mission as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00361-00091565-00091906 well including you and DP UNICEF wh o
d4y0ifDwz0I-00362-00091907-00092457 FAO WFP UNFPA and units lassoo - also
d4y0ifDwz0I-00363-00092458-00092656 has maintained ties with the United
d4y0ifDwz0I-00364-00092657-00092907 Kingdom Wales in particular Germany the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00365-00092908-00093109 United States and other Western states
d4y0ifDwz0I-00366-00093110-00093442 although in 1990 it broke relations with
d4y0ifDwz0I-00367-00093443-00093700 the People's Republic of China PRC and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00368-00093701-00093871 re-established relations with the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00369-00093872-00094084 Republic of China Taiwan it later
d4y0ifDwz0I-00370-00094085-00094476 restored ties with the PRC lassoo - also
d4y0ifDwz0I-00371-00094477-00094693 recognises the state of Palestine and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00372-00094694-00094924 the Republic of Kosovo in the past it
d4y0ifDwz0I-00373-00094925-00095089 was a strong public opponent of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00374-00095090-00095307 apartheid in South Africa and granted a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00375-00095308-00095485 number of South African refugees
d4y0ifDwz0I-00376-00095486-00095665 political asylum during the apartheid
d4y0ifDwz0I-00377-00095666-00095989 era
d4y0ifDwz0I-00378-00095990-00096457 topic law
d4y0ifDwz0I-00379-00096458-00096801 topic lassoo - does not have a single
d4y0ifDwz0I-00380-00096802-00097015 code containing its laws it draws them
d4y0ifDwz0I-00381-00097016-00097197 from a variety of sources including
d4y0ifDwz0I-00382-00097198-00097459 Constitution legislation common law
d4y0ifDwz0I-00383-00097460-00097705 judicial precedent customary law and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00384-00097706-00098038 authoritative texts the constitution of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00385-00098039-00098224 lassoo - came into force after the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00386-00098225-00098484 publication of the commencement order
d4y0ifDwz0I-00387-00098485-00098719 constitutionally legislation refers to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00388-00098720-00098890 laws that have been passed by both
d4y0ifDwz0I-00389-00098891-00099055 houses of parliament and have been
d4y0ifDwz0I-00390-00099056-00099344 assented to by the king section 78 1
d4y0ifDwz0I-00391-00099345-00099625 subordinate legislation refers to laws
d4y0ifDwz0I-00392-00099626-00099796 passed by other bodies to which
d4y0ifDwz0I-00393-00099797-00100066 Parliament has by virtue of section 72
d4y0ifDwz0I-00394-00100067-00100303 of the Constitution validly delegated
d4y0ifDwz0I-00395-00100304-00100594 such legislative powers these include
d4y0ifDwz0I-00396-00100595-00100804 government publications ministerial
d4y0ifDwz0I-00397-00100805-00101025 orders ministerial regulations and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00398-00101026-00101329 municipal bylaws although lassoo to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00399-00101330-00101531 shares with South Africa Botswana
d4y0ifDwz0I-00400-00101532-00101826 Swaziland Namibia and Zimbabwe a mixed
d4y0ifDwz0I-00401-00101827-00102034 general legal system which resulted from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00402-00102035-00102213 the interaction between the roman dutch
d4y0ifDwz0I-00403-00102214-00102400 civilian law in the english common law
d4y0ifDwz0I-00404-00102401-00102668 it's general law operates independently
d4y0ifDwz0I-00405-00102669-00102952 lassoo 2 also applies the common law
d4y0ifDwz0I-00406-00102953-00103167 which refers to unwritten law or law
d4y0ifDwz0I-00407-00103168-00103419 from non statutory sources but excludes
d4y0ifDwz0I-00408-00103420-00103696 customary law decisions from South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00409-00103697-00103917 African courts are only persuasive and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00410-00103918-00104091 courts refer to them in formulating
d4y0ifDwz0I-00411-00104092-00104365 their decisions decisions from similar
d4y0ifDwz0I-00412-00104366-00104556 jurisdictions can also be cited for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00413-00104557-00104829 their persuasive value magistrates
d4y0ifDwz0I-00414-00104830-00104998 Court's decisions do not become
d4y0ifDwz0I-00415-00104999-00105178 precedent since these are lower courts
d4y0ifDwz0I-00416-00105179-00105451 they are however bound by decisions of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00417-00105452-00105628 the High Court and the Court of Appeal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00418-00105629-00105885 at the apex of the lassoo - justice
d4y0ifDwz0I-00419-00105886-00106075 system as the Court of Appeal which is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00420-00106076-00106273 the final appellate forum on all matters
d4y0ifDwz0I-00421-00106274-00106533 it has a supervisory and review
d4y0ifDwz0I-00422-00106534-00106704 jurisdiction over all the courts of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00423-00106705-00107071 Lesotho lassoo - has a dual legal system
d4y0ifDwz0I-00424-00107072-00107290 consisting of customary and general laws
d4y0ifDwz0I-00425-00107291-00107634 operating side by side customary law is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00426-00107635-00107811 made up of the customs of the Basu -
d4y0ifDwz0I-00427-00107813-00108033 written and codified in the laws of Lara
d4y0ifDwz0I-00428-00108034-00108256 thule whereas general law consists of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00429-00108257-00108445 Roman Dutch law imported from the Cape
d4y0ifDwz0I-00430-00108446-00108676 and the lassoo two statutes the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00431-00108677-00108915 codification of customary law came about
d4y0ifDwz0I-00432-00108916-00109177 after a council was appointed in 1903 to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00433-00109178-00109348 advise the British Resident Commissioner
d4y0ifDwz0I-00434-00109349-00109584 on what was best for the Basu - in terms
d4y0ifDwz0I-00435-00109585-00109764 of laws that would govern them
d4y0ifDwz0I-00436-00109765-00110009 until this time the Basu to customs and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00437-00110010-00110217 laws were passed down from generation to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00438-00110218-00110475 generation through oral tradition the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00439-00110476-00110646 council was then given the task of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00440-00110647-00110829 codifying them came up with the laws of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00441-00110830-00111003 Lyra thule which are applied by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00442-00111004-00111224 customary courts today local courts
d4y0ifDwz0I-00443-00111225-00111471 written works of eminent authors have
d4y0ifDwz0I-00444-00111472-00111642 persuasive value in the courts of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00445-00111643-00111696 Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00446-00111697-00111924 these include writings of the old
d4y0ifDwz0I-00447-00111925-00112080 authorities as well as contemporary
d4y0ifDwz0I-00448-00112081-00112577 writers from similar jurisdictions
d4y0ifDwz0I-00449-00112578-00113070 topic districts
d4y0ifDwz0I-00450-00113071-00113400 topic for administrative purposes
d4y0ifDwz0I-00451-00113401-00113628 Lesotho is divided into ten districts
d4y0ifDwz0I-00452-00113629-00113813 each headed by a district administrator
d4y0ifDwz0I-00453-00113814-00114099 each district has a capital known as a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00454-00114100-00114366 camp town the districts are further
d4y0ifDwz0I-00455-00114367-00114627 subdivided into 80 constituencies which
d4y0ifDwz0I-00456-00114628-00115314 consist of 129 local community councils
d4y0ifDwz0I-00457-00115315-00115783 topic geography
d4y0ifDwz0I-00458-00115784-00116153 topic lassoo two covers thirty thousand
d4y0ifDwz0I-00459-00116154-00116315 three hundred fifty five square
d4y0ifDwz0I-00460-00116316-00116774 kilometers 11720 square miles it is the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00461-00116775-00116981 only independent state in the world that
d4y0ifDwz0I-00462-00116982-00117365 lies entirely above 1,000 meters 3281
d4y0ifDwz0I-00463-00117366-00117668 feet in elevation its lowest point of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00464-00117669-00117857 one thousand four hundred meters four
d4y0ifDwz0I-00465-00117858-00118055 thousand five hundred ninety three feet
d4y0ifDwz0I-00466-00118056-00118340 is thus the highest in the world over 80
d4y0ifDwz0I-00467-00118341-00118640 percent of the country lies above 1800
d4y0ifDwz0I-00468-00118641-00118841 meters five thousand nine hundred six
d4y0ifDwz0I-00469-00118842-00119126 feet lassoo ii is also the southernmost
d4y0ifDwz0I-00470-00119127-00119321 landlocked country in the world and is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00471-00119322-00119608 entirely surrounded by south africa it
d4y0ifDwz0I-00472-00119609-00119918 lies between latitudes 28 degrees and 31
d4y0ifDwz0I-00473-00119919-00120194 degrees south and longitudes 27 degrees
d4y0ifDwz0I-00474-00120195-00120608 and 30 degrees east
d4y0ifDwz0I-00475-00120608-00121083 topic climate
d4y0ifDwz0I-00476-00121083-00121451 topic because of its elevation lassoo to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00477-00121452-00121623 remains cooler throughout the year than
d4y0ifDwz0I-00478-00121624-00121889 other regions at the same latitude most
d4y0ifDwz0I-00479-00121890-00122106 of the rainfalls as summer thunderstorms
d4y0ifDwz0I-00480-00122107-00122360 mazaru and surrounding lowlands often
d4y0ifDwz0I-00481-00122361-00122624 reach 30 degrees Celsius 86 degrees
d4y0ifDwz0I-00482-00122625-00122927 fahrenheit in summer winters can be cold
d4y0ifDwz0I-00483-00122928-00123123 with the lowlands getting down to minus
d4y0ifDwz0I-00484-00123124-00123410 7 degrees Celsius 19 degrees Fahrenheit
d4y0ifDwz0I-00485-00123411-00123587 and the Highlands to minus 18 degrees
d4y0ifDwz0I-00486-00123588-00123898 Celsius zero degrees Fahrenheit at times
d4y0ifDwz0I-00487-00123899-00124166 snow is common in the Highlands between
d4y0ifDwz0I-00488-00124167-00124371 May and September the higher Peaks can
d4y0ifDwz0I-00489-00124372-00124827 experience snowfalls year-round
d4y0ifDwz0I-00490-00124828-00125331 topic wildlife
d4y0ifDwz0I-00491-00125332-00125739 topic there are known to be 339 bird
d4y0ifDwz0I-00492-00125740-00126011 species in Lesotho including 10 globally
d4y0ifDwz0I-00493-00126013-00126192 threatened species and to introduced
d4y0ifDwz0I-00494-00126193-00126492 species 17 reptile species including
d4y0ifDwz0I-00495-00126493-00126753 geckos snakes and lizards and 60 mammal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00496-00126754-00126990 species endemic to Lesotho including the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00497-00126991-00127358 endangered white-tailed rat lassoo to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00498-00127359-00127557 flora is Alpine due to the high in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00499-00127558-00127773 mountainous terrain the cats of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00500-00127774-00127983 Botanical Gardens houses a collection of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00501-00127983-00128190 medicinal plants and has a large seed
d4y0ifDwz0I-00502-00128191-00128384 bank of plants from the Malibu matsa
d4y0ifDwz0I-00503-00128385-00128760 River area
d4y0ifDwz0I-00504-00128761-00129277 topic economy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00505-00129278-00129622 topic lassoo - is geographically
d4y0ifDwz0I-00506-00129623-00129790 surrounded by south africa and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00507-00129791-00130033 economically integrated with it the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00508-00130033-00130228 economy of Lesotho is based on
d4y0ifDwz0I-00509-00130229-00130492 agriculture livestock manufacturing and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00510-00130493-00130705 mining and depends heavily on inflows of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00511-00130706-00130969 workers remittances and receipts from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00512-00130970-00131239 the southern african customs union Saku
d4y0ifDwz0I-00513-00131240-00131527 the majority of households subsist on
d4y0ifDwz0I-00514-00131528-00131767 farming the formal sector employment
d4y0ifDwz0I-00515-00131768-00132049 consists mainly of female workers in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00516-00132050-00132262 apparel sector male migrant labour
d4y0ifDwz0I-00517-00132263-00132535 primarily miners in South Africa for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00518-00132536-00132757 three to nine months and employment by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00519-00132758-00133096 the government of Lesotho gol the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00520-00133097-00133273 western lowlands formed the main
d4y0ifDwz0I-00521-00133274-00133615 agricultural zone almost 50% of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00522-00133616-00133861 population earn income through informal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00523-00133862-00134074 crop cultivation or animal husbandry
d4y0ifDwz0I-00524-00134075-00134431 with nearly two-thirds of the country s
d4y0ifDwz0I-00525-00134432-00134635 income coming from the agricultural
d4y0ifDwz0I-00526-00134636-00134833 sector the percentage of the population
d4y0ifDwz0I-00527-00134834-00135145 living below USD purchasing power parity
d4y0ifDwz0I-00528-00135146-00135418 PPP one dollar and twenty five cents per
d4y0ifDwz0I-00529-00135419-00135589 day fell from forty eight percent to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00530-00135590-00135927 forty four percent between 1995 and 2003
d4y0ifDwz0I-00531-00135928-00136228 the country is among the low human
d4y0ifDwz0I-00532-00136229-00136648 development countries ranked 160 of 187
d4y0ifDwz0I-00533-00136649-00136849 on the Human Development Index as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00534-00136850-00137179 classified by the UNDP with 48.2 years
d4y0ifDwz0I-00535-00137180-00137452 of life expectancy at Birth adult
d4y0ifDwz0I-00536-00137453-00137764 literacy is as high as 82% among the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00537-00137765-00138040 children below the age of five years 20%
d4y0ifDwz0I-00538-00138041-00138226 are underweight lassoo due has taken
d4y0ifDwz0I-00539-00138227-00138382 advantage of the African growth and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00540-00138383-00138658 opportunity Act AGOA to become the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00541-00138659-00138865 largest exporter of garments to the u.s.
d4y0ifDwz0I-00542-00138866-00139189 from sub-saharan Africa us brands and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00543-00139190-00139366 retailers sourcing from lassoo to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00544-00139367-00139645 include footlocker gap Gloria Vanderbilt
d4y0ifDwz0I-00545-00139646-00139948 JCPenney Levi Strauss Saks Sears
d4y0ifDwz0I-00546-00139949-00140305 Timberland and Walmart in mid 200 for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00547-00140306-00140536 its employment reached over 50,000
d4y0ifDwz0I-00548-00140537-00140755 mainly female workers marking the first
d4y0ifDwz0I-00549-00140756-00140977 time that manufacturing sector workers
d4y0ifDwz0I-00550-00140978-00141313 outnumbered government employees in 2008
d4y0ifDwz0I-00551-00141314-00141520 it exported goods worth four hundred
d4y0ifDwz0I-00552-00141521-00141715 eighty seven million dollars mainly to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00553-00141716-00142057 the US since 2004 employment in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00554-00142058-00142321 sector has dwindled to about 45,000 in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00555-00142322-00142543 mid-2011 due to international
d4y0ifDwz0I-00556-00142544-00142660 competition in the GAR
d4y0ifDwz0I-00557-00142661-00142939 sector it was the largest formal sector
d4y0ifDwz0I-00558-00142940-00143377 employer in lesotho in 2011 in 2007 the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00559-00143378-00143563 average earnings of an employee in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00560-00143564-00143812 textile sector were 103 dollars per
d4y0ifDwz0I-00561-00143813-00144001 month and the official minimum wage for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00562-00144002-00144259 a general textile worker was 93 dollars
d4y0ifDwz0I-00563-00144260-00144499 per month the average gross national
d4y0ifDwz0I-00564-00144500-00144820 income per capita in 2008 was 83 dollars
d4y0ifDwz0I-00565-00144821-00145111 per month the sector initiated a major
d4y0ifDwz0I-00566-00145112-00145357 program to fight hiv/aids called a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00567-00145358-00145591 perilous su2 alliance to fight AIDS al
d4y0ifDwz0I-00568-00145592-00145900 AFA it is an industry-wide program
d4y0ifDwz0I-00569-00145901-00146089 providing prevention and treatment for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00570-00146090-00146451 workers water and diamonds our Lesotho s
d4y0ifDwz0I-00571-00146452-00146770 significant natural resources water is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00572-00146771-00147034 used through the 21 year multi-billion
d4y0ifDwz0I-00573-00147035-00147301 dollar lassoo to highlands water project
d4y0ifDwz0I-00574-00147302-00147631 l hwp under the authority of the lassoo
d4y0ifDwz0I-00575-00147632-00147931 - Highlands Development Authority the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00576-00147932-00148396 project commenced in 1986 the LH WP is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00577-00148397-00148645 designed to capture store and transfer
d4y0ifDwz0I-00578-00148646-00148870 water from the Orange River system to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00579-00148871-00149200 South Africa s Free State and Greater
d4y0ifDwz0I-00580-00149201-00149434 Johannesburg area which features a large
d4y0ifDwz0I-00581-00149435-00149665 concentration of South African industry
d4y0ifDwz0I-00582-00149666-00149998 population and agriculture completion of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00583-00149999-00150190 the first phase of the project has made
d4y0ifDwz0I-00584-00150191-00150343 lassoo to almost completely
d4y0ifDwz0I-00585-00150344-00150520 self-sufficient in the production of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00586-00150521-00150757 electricity and generated approximately
d4y0ifDwz0I-00587-00150758-00151021 70 million dollars in 2010 from the sale
d4y0ifDwz0I-00588-00151022-00151258 of electricity and water to South Africa
d4y0ifDwz0I-00589-00151259-00151534 the World Bank African Development Bank
d4y0ifDwz0I-00590-00151535-00151783 European Investment Bank and many other
d4y0ifDwz0I-00591-00151784-00152061 bilateral donors financed the project
d4y0ifDwz0I-00592-00152062-00152287 diamonds are produced at the let sang
d4y0ifDwz0I-00593-00152288-00152529 mud I lik abang & cow mines which
d4y0ifDwz0I-00594-00152530-00152729 combined are estimated to produce
d4y0ifDwz0I-00595-00152730-00153049 240,000 carats of diamonds in 2014 worth
d4y0ifDwz0I-00596-00153050-00153366 300 million dollars the let's say mine
d4y0ifDwz0I-00597-00153367-00153577 is estimated to produce diamonds with an
d4y0ifDwz0I-00598-00153578-00153753 average value of two thousand one
d4y0ifDwz0I-00599-00153754-00153952 hundred seventy two dollars per carat
d4y0ifDwz0I-00600-00153953-00154150 making it the world's richest mine on an
d4y0ifDwz0I-00601-00154151-00154453 average price per carat basis the sector
d4y0ifDwz0I-00602-00154454-00154716 suffered a setback in 2008 as the result
d4y0ifDwz0I-00603-00154717-00154915 of the world recession but rebounded in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00604-00154916-00155281 2010 and 2011 export of diamonds reached
d4y0ifDwz0I-00605-00155282-00155827 230 million dollars in 2010-2011 in 1957
d4y0ifDwz0I-00606-00155828-00156046 a South African adventure kernel
d4y0ifDwz0I-00607-00156047-00156262 Scot accompanied by a young man named
d4y0ifDwz0I-00608-00156263-00156469 Keith white lock set out prospecting for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00609-00156470-00156718 diamonds they found their diamond mine
d4y0ifDwz0I-00610-00156719-00157041 at 3100 meters elevation on top of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00611-00157042-00157203 Malou team mountains in northeastern
d4y0ifDwz0I-00612-00157204-00157459 lassoo to some 70 kilometres from Makkah
d4y0ifDwz0I-00613-00157460-00157912 along Atlit Seine in 1967 a 601 carat
d4y0ifDwz0I-00614-00157913-00158103 120 point 2 grams
d4y0ifDwz0I-00615-00158104-00158332 diamond lassoo to brown was discovered
d4y0ifDwz0I-00616-00158333-00158526 in the mountains by a Masada woman in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00617-00158527-00159027 August 2006 a 603 carat 120 point six
d4y0ifDwz0I-00618-00159028-00159228 grams white diamond the lassoo to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00619-00159229-00159421 promise was discovered at the let's sang
d4y0ifDwz0I-00620-00159422-00159891 litter a mine another 478 carat 95.6
d4y0ifDwz0I-00621-00159892-00160102 grams diamond was discovered at the same
d4y0ifDwz0I-00622-00160103-00160339 location in 2008 lassoo too has
d4y0ifDwz0I-00623-00160340-00160468 progressed in moving from a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00624-00160469-00160663 predominantly subsistence oriented
d4y0ifDwz0I-00625-00160664-00160873 economy to a lower middle income economy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00626-00160874-00161083 exporting natural resources and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00627-00161084-00161338 manufacturing goods the exporting
d4y0ifDwz0I-00628-00161339-00161497 sectors have brought higher and more
d4y0ifDwz0I-00629-00161498-00161703 secure incomes to a significant portion
d4y0ifDwz0I-00630-00161704-00161896 of the population the global economic
d4y0ifDwz0I-00631-00161897-00162151 crisis hit the lassoo - economy heart
d4y0ifDwz0I-00632-00162152-00162373 though the loss of textile exports and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00633-00162374-00162568 jobs in the sector due largely to the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00634-00162569-00162784 economic slowdown in the United States
d4y0ifDwz0I-00635-00162785-00162990 which is a major export destination
d4y0ifDwz0I-00636-00162991-00163189 reduced diamond mining and exports
d4y0ifDwz0I-00637-00163190-00163416 including weak prices for diamonds drop
d4y0ifDwz0I-00638-00163417-00163588 in Saku revenues due to the economic
d4y0ifDwz0I-00639-00163589-00163795 slowdown in the South African economy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00640-00163796-00164050 and reduction in worker remittances due
d4y0ifDwz0I-00641-00164051-00164209 to weakening of the South African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00642-00164210-00164401 economy and contraction of the mining
d4y0ifDwz0I-00643-00164402-00164614 sector and related job losses in South
d4y0ifDwz0I-00644-00164615-00165112 Africa in 2009 GDP growth slowed to 0.9
d4y0ifDwz0I-00645-00165113-00165322 percent the official currency is the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00646-00165323-00165523 lodi plural Malati but can be used
d4y0ifDwz0I-00647-00165524-00165664 interchangeably with the South African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00648-00165665-00166057 Rand lassoo - Swaziland Namibia and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00649-00166058-00166300 South Africa also form a common currency
d4y0ifDwz0I-00650-00166301-00166531 and exchange control area known as the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00651-00166532-00166888 common monetary area CMA the Lodi is at
d4y0ifDwz0I-00652-00166889-00167134 par with the Rand 100 listen to a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00653-00167135-00167529 singular scent a equal one Lodi lassoo -
d4y0ifDwz0I-00654-00167530-00167703 as a member of the Southern African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00655-00167704-00167971 customs union Saku in which tariffs have
d4y0ifDwz0I-00656-00167972-00168112 been eliminated on the trade of goods
d4y0ifDwz0I-00657-00168113-00168339 between other member countries Botswana
d4y0ifDwz0I-00658-00168340-00168600 Namibia South Africa and Swaziland
d4y0ifDwz0I-00659-00168601-00168922 Lesotho has received economic aid from a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00660-00168923-00169150 variety of sources including the United
d4y0ifDwz0I-00661-00169151-00169353 States the World Bank Republic of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00662-00169354-00169432 Ireland the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00663-00169433-00169633 nighted kingdom the European Union and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00664-00169634-00170052 Germany
d4y0ifDwz0I-00665-00170053-00170507 topic population
d4y0ifDwz0I-00666-00170508-00170879 topic
d4y0ifDwz0I-00667-00170880-00171384 topic demographics
d4y0ifDwz0I-00668-00171385-00171741 topic lassoo - has a population of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00669-00171742-00172022 approximately two million two hundred
d4y0ifDwz0I-00670-00172023-00172140 3821
d4y0ifDwz0I-00671-00172141-00172440 the population distribution of lassoo -
d4y0ifDwz0I-00672-00172441-00172935 as 25% urban and 75% rural however it is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00673-00172936-00173130 estimated that the annual increase in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00674-00173131-00173426 urban population is 3.5%
d4y0ifDwz0I-00675-00173427-00173655 population density is lower in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00676-00173656-00173843 highlands than in the western lowlands
d4y0ifDwz0I-00677-00173844-00174131 although the majority of the population
d4y0ifDwz0I-00678-00174132-00174591 60.2% is between 15 and 64 years of age
d4y0ifDwz0I-00679-00174592-00174795 lassoo - has a substantial youth
d4y0ifDwz0I-00680-00174796-00175370 population numbering around 30 4.8%
d4y0ifDwz0I-00681-00175371-00175949 topic ethnic groups and languages
d4y0ifDwz0I-00682-00175950-00176318 topic lassoo 2's ethno-linguistic
d4y0ifDwz0I-00683-00176319-00176609 structure consists almost entirely of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00684-00176610-00176873 the Basu to a bent to speaking people an
d4y0ifDwz0I-00685-00176874-00177275 estimated 99.7% of the people identify
d4y0ifDwz0I-00686-00177276-00177596 as Basu to the su 2 subgroups include
d4y0ifDwz0I-00687-00177597-00178007 the Bafokeng totems Foca do mutlar hair
d4y0ifDwz0I-00688-00178008-00178331 that long totem TLO you elephant bath
d4y0ifDwz0I-00689-00178332-00178598 ruthie totem boothy the Kuna totem qu
d4y0ifDwz0I-00690-00178599-00178934 Ana crocodile Patong totem tau lion bat
d4y0ifDwz0I-00691-00178935-00179297 so any totem sign and metal the main
d4y0ifDwz0I-00692-00179298-00179525 language cisu 2 is also the first
d4y0ifDwz0I-00693-00179526-00179735 official in administrative language and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00694-00179736-00179921 it is what basu to speak on an ordinary
d4y0ifDwz0I-00695-00179922-00180258 basis
d4y0ifDwz0I-00696-00180259-00180733 topic religion
d4y0ifDwz0I-00697-00180734-00181089 topic the population of Lesotho is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00698-00181090-00181266 estimated to be more than 95 percent
d4y0ifDwz0I-00699-00181267-00181575 Christian Protestants account for 50
d4y0ifDwz0I-00700-00181576-00181711 percent of the population
d4y0ifDwz0I-00701-00181712-00182131 evangelicals 17 5 percent Anglican 7.5
d4y0ifDwz0I-00702-00182132-00182470 percent Pentecostals 21.9% and other
d4y0ifDwz0I-00703-00182471-00182821 Christians an additional 8.5% Roman
d4y0ifDwz0I-00704-00182822-00183078 Catholics represent nearly 40% of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00705-00183079-00183291 population served by the province of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00706-00183292-00183513 metropolitan archbishop of Missouri and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00707-00183514-00183687 his three suffer against the bishops of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00708-00183688-00184086 Lurie Mahal a s hook and kaca s neck who
d4y0ifDwz0I-00709-00184087-00184270 also formed the National Episcopal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00710-00184271-00184491 conference non-christian religions
d4y0ifDwz0I-00711-00184492-00184737 represent only 1.5 percent of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00712-00184738-00185004 population and those of no religion 3.5
d4y0ifDwz0I-00713-00185005-00185330 percent
d4y0ifDwz0I-00714-00185331-00185904 topic education and literacy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00715-00185905-00186348 topic according to recent estimates 85%
d4y0ifDwz0I-00716-00186349-00186597 of those older than 14 are literate as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00717-00186598-00186828 such lassoo 2 holds one of the highest
d4y0ifDwz0I-00718-00186829-00187044 literacy rates in Africa in part because
d4y0ifDwz0I-00719-00187045-00187374 lassoo 2 invests over 12% of its GDP in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00720-00187375-00187647 education unlike in most other countries
d4y0ifDwz0I-00721-00187648-00187905 in Lesotho female literacy eighty eight
d4y0ifDwz0I-00722-00187906-00188094 point seven percent exceeds male
d4y0ifDwz0I-00723-00188095-00188543 literacy 70.1% by 18.6 percentage points
d4y0ifDwz0I-00724-00188544-00188784 according to a study by the Southern and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00725-00188785-00188997 Eastern Africa Consortium for monitoring
d4y0ifDwz0I-00726-00188998-00189282 educational quality in 2030 seven
d4y0ifDwz0I-00727-00189283-00189522 percent of grade six pupils in Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00728-00189523-00189735 average age fourteen years are at or
d4y0ifDwz0I-00729-00189736-00189933 above reading level for reading for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00730-00189934-00190170 meaning a pupil at this level of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00731-00190171-00190356 literacy can read ahead or backwards
d4y0ifDwz0I-00732-00190357-00190545 through various parts of text to link
d4y0ifDwz0I-00733-00190546-00190782 and interpret information although
d4y0ifDwz0I-00734-00190783-00190983 education is not compulsory the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00735-00190984-00191187 government of Lesotho is incrementally
d4y0ifDwz0I-00736-00191188-00191379 implementing a program for free primary
d4y0ifDwz0I-00737-00191380-00191643 education despite their literacy Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00738-00191644-00191928 s residents struggle for access to vital
d4y0ifDwz0I-00739-00191929-00192219 services such as health care travel and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00740-00192220-00192465 educational resources as according to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00741-00192466-00192678 the International Telecommunication
d4y0ifDwz0I-00742-00192679-00192930 Union only three point four percent of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00743-00192931-00193154 the population used the internet a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00744-00193155-00193461 service from Econet telecom lassoo to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00745-00193462-00193794 expanded the country s access to email
d4y0ifDwz0I-00746-00193795-00193977 through entry-level low-end mobile
d4y0ifDwz0I-00747-00193978-00194190 phones and consequently improved access
d4y0ifDwz0I-00748-00194191-00194493 to educational information the African
d4y0ifDwz0I-00749-00194494-00194703 library project works to establish
d4y0ifDwz0I-00750-00194704-00194871 school and village libraries in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00751-00194872-00195126 partnership with USP scoreless zoo - and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00752-00195127-00195672 the Bugaboo de district of Education
d4y0ifDwz0I-00753-00195673-00196095 topic health
d4y0ifDwz0I-00754-00196096-00196467 topic infant mortality is at about eight
d4y0ifDwz0I-00755-00196468-00196668 point three percent there are five
d4y0ifDwz0I-00756-00196669-00197238 physicians per 100,000 persons
d4y0ifDwz0I-00757-00197239-00197742 topic hiv/aids
d4y0ifDwz0I-00758-00197743-00198120 topic lassoo - is severely afflicted by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00759-00198121-00198324 hiv/aids and has one of the highest
d4y0ifDwz0I-00760-00198325-00198594 infection rates in the world the rate
d4y0ifDwz0I-00761-00198595-00198888 has hovered around 25 percent since 2005
d4y0ifDwz0I-00762-00198889-00199053 although recent trends show new
d4y0ifDwz0I-00763-00199054-00199395 infections decreasing in 2005 there were
d4y0ifDwz0I-00764-00199396-00199716 30,000 new infections compared to 21,000
d4y0ifDwz0I-00765-00199717-00200064 new infections in 2016 in urban areas
d4y0ifDwz0I-00766-00200065-00200475 about 50% of women under 40 have HIV the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00767-00200476-00200847 UNDP stated that in 2006 life expectancy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00768-00200848-00201117 in Lesotho was estimated at 42 years for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00769-00201118-00201384 men and women however that number has
d4y0ifDwz0I-00770-00201385-00201585 trended upwards in recent years and in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00771-00201586-00201906 2016 Saturday at 54 years the country
d4y0ifDwz0I-00772-00201907-00202161 regards HIV as one of its most important
d4y0ifDwz0I-00773-00202162-00202344 development issues and the government is
d4y0ifDwz0I-00774-00202345-00202497 addressing the pandemic through its
d4y0ifDwz0I-00775-00202498-00202751 hiv/aids national strategic plan
d4y0ifDwz0I-00776-00202752-00202998 coverage of some key HIV AIDS
d4y0ifDwz0I-00777-00202999-00203208 interventions has improved including
d4y0ifDwz0I-00778-00203209-00203324 prevention of mother-to-child
d4y0ifDwz0I-00779-00203325-00203627 transmission and antiretroviral therapy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00780-00203628-00203789 prevention of mother-to-child
d4y0ifDwz0I-00781-00203790-00204003 transmission coverage increased from
d4y0ifDwz0I-00782-00204004-00204525 about 5% in 2005 to 31% in 2007 the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00783-00204526-00204756 rollout of antiretroviral therapy has
d4y0ifDwz0I-00784-00204757-00205098 made good progress with 38,000 586
d4y0ifDwz0I-00785-00205098-00205362 people receiving treatment by 2008 tha
d4y0ifDwz0I-00786-00205363-00205656 know your status campaign boosted the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00787-00205657-00205973 number of people being tested for HIV to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00788-00205973-00206337 229,000 92 by the end of 2007 twelve
d4y0ifDwz0I-00789-00206338-00206519 percent of the population and three
d4y0ifDwz0I-00790-00206521-00206835 times the number tested in 2005 the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00791-00206836-00207003 program is funded by the Clinton
d4y0ifDwz0I-00792-00207004-00207375 Foundation and started in June 2006 Bill
d4y0ifDwz0I-00793-00207376-00207555 Clinton and Microsoft chairman Bill
d4y0ifDwz0I-00794-00207556-00207894 Gates visited lassoo to in July 2006 to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00795-00207894-00208137 assess its fight against AIDS as a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00796-00208138-00208362 result the annual rate at which adults
d4y0ifDwz0I-00797-00208363-00208538 in the population who are HIV negative
d4y0ifDwz0I-00798-00208539-00208875 become HIV positive declined from 2.9
d4y0ifDwz0I-00799-00208876-00209192 percent in 2005 to 2 point 3 percent in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00800-00209194-00209433 2007 lowering the estimated annual
d4y0ifDwz0I-00801-00209434-00209719 number of new infections from 26,000 to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00802-00209721-00210059 21,000 560
d4y0ifDwz0I-00803-00210060-00210287 these are the first signs of a decline
d4y0ifDwz0I-00804-00210288-00210548 in the HIV epidemic the apparel lassoo -
d4y0ifDwz0I-00805-00210548-00210812 Alliance to fight AIDS al AFA is an
d4y0ifDwz0I-00806-00210813-00210994 industry-wide program providing
d4y0ifDwz0I-00807-00210996-00211235 prevention and treatment including ARVs
d4y0ifDwz0I-00808-00211236-00211502 when these are necessary for the 46,000
d4y0ifDwz0I-00809-00211503-00211691 mainly women workers in the lassoo -
d4y0ifDwz0I-00810-00211692-00211955 apparel industry it was launched in May
d4y0ifDwz0I-00811-00211956-00212246 2006 the program is helping to combat
d4y0ifDwz0I-00812-00212246-00212462 two of the key drivers of the hiv/aids
d4y0ifDwz0I-00813-00212463-00212752 epidemic poverty and gender inequality
d4y0ifDwz0I-00814-00212753-00213046 surveys within the industry by Al AFA
d4y0ifDwz0I-00815-00213048-00213350 showed that 43% of employees have HIV
d4y0ifDwz0I-00816-00213351-00213578 Prince Harry of UK co-founded the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00817-00213579-00213785 charity Sentebale in Lesotho for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00818-00213786-00214048 children with HIV AIDS the other
d4y0ifDwz0I-00819-00214050-00214552 co-founder is the Prince of Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00820-00214553-00215067 topic security
d4y0ifDwz0I-00821-00215067-00215430 topic the internal and external security
d4y0ifDwz0I-00822-00215431-00215679 of Lesotho as the responsibility of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00823-00215680-00215871 Defense Commission which is established
d4y0ifDwz0I-00824-00215871-00216167 and defined by article 145 of the lassoo
d4y0ifDwz0I-00825-00216169-00216426 to national Constitution the Prime
d4y0ifDwz0I-00826-00216427-00216651 Minister as the chairman ex officio and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00827-00216652-00216831 there are six other defense commission
d4y0ifDwz0I-00828-00216832-00217002 members namely the commander and deputy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00829-00217003-00217200 commander of the lassoo two Defence
d4y0ifDwz0I-00830-00217201-00217392 Force the commissioner and Assistant
d4y0ifDwz0I-00831-00217392-00217563 Commissioner of the lassoo two Mounted
d4y0ifDwz0I-00832-00217564-00217740 Police Service and the director and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00833-00217741-00217902 deputy director of the lassoo two
d4y0ifDwz0I-00834-00217903-00218181 national security service the defence
d4y0ifDwz0I-00835-00218182-00218373 Commission has power to strategically
d4y0ifDwz0I-00836-00218373-00218601 direct the Defence Force the police and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00837-00218602-00218814 the Prison Service but not the security
d4y0ifDwz0I-00838-00218815-00219006 service which is answerable only to the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00839-00219007-00219242 government the defence Commission has
d4y0ifDwz0I-00840-00219244-00219441 power to appoint or remove the senior
d4y0ifDwz0I-00841-00219442-00219651 staff of the Defence Force police and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00842-00219652-00219858 Prison Service but not the Security
d4y0ifDwz0I-00843-00219859-00220014 Service whose director and deputy
d4y0ifDwz0I-00844-00220015-00220223 director are personal appointments of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00845-00220225-00220383 the Prime Minister the lassoo two
d4y0ifDwz0I-00846-00220384-00220644 Defence Force LDF is established under
d4y0ifDwz0I-00847-00220644-00220926 Article 146 of the National Constitution
d4y0ifDwz0I-00848-00220927-00221115 and charged with the maintenance of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00849-00221116-00221301 internal security and the defence of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00850-00221302-00221358 Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00851-00221359-00221604 it's chief officer as designated
d4y0ifDwz0I-00852-00221605-00221787 commander by the Constitution and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00853-00221788-00221928 usually holds the rank of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00854-00221929-00222242 lieutenant-general the LDF has a total
d4y0ifDwz0I-00855-00222244-00222558 strength of just over 3,000 the largest
d4y0ifDwz0I-00856-00222559-00222726 component is infantry but they are
d4y0ifDwz0I-00857-00222727-00222966 supported by small artillery logistics
d4y0ifDwz0I-00858-00222967-00223148 and air force units and a single
d4y0ifDwz0I-00859-00223150-00223398 armoured reconnaissance company since
d4y0ifDwz0I-00860-00223398-00223656 2000 lassoo - defence forces have been
d4y0ifDwz0I-00861-00223657-00223857 trained by a small contingent of Indian
d4y0ifDwz0I-00862-00223858-00224046 Army training team led by a brigadier
d4y0ifDwz0I-00863-00224046-00224340 the Lesotho Mounted Police Service lmps
d4y0ifDwz0I-00864-00224341-00224679 is established under article 147 of the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00865-00224680-00224871 National Constitution and charged with
d4y0ifDwz0I-00866-00224871-00225111 the maintenance of law and order it's
d4y0ifDwz0I-00867-00225112-00225333 chief officer as designated commissioner
d4y0ifDwz0I-00868-00225334-00225617 by the Constitution the lmps provides
d4y0ifDwz0I-00869-00225619-00225869 uniform policing criminal detection and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00870-00225871-00226131 traffic policing there are specialist
d4y0ifDwz0I-00871-00226132-00226302 units dealing with high-tech crime
d4y0ifDwz0I-00872-00226303-00226638 immigration wildlife and terrorism the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00873-00226639-00226800 current force has existed despite
d4y0ifDwz0I-00874-00226801-00227115 changes of name continuously since 1872
d4y0ifDwz0I-00875-00227116-00227454 the lassoo two national security service
d4y0ifDwz0I-00876-00227455-00227838 el NSS is established under article 148
d4y0ifDwz0I-00877-00227839-00228048 of the National Constitution and charged
d4y0ifDwz0I-00878-00228048-00228239 with the protection of national security
d4y0ifDwz0I-00879-00228240-00228461 it's chief officer as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00880-00228462-00228665 designated director by the Constitution
d4y0ifDwz0I-00881-00228666-00228914 the L NSS is an intelligence service
d4y0ifDwz0I-00882-00228915-00229196 reporting directly to the government the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00883-00229196-00229406 power to appoint or dismiss a director
d4y0ifDwz0I-00884-00229407-00229981 as vested directly in the Prime Minister
d4y0ifDwz0I-00885-00229982-00230426 topic culture
d4y0ifDwz0I-00886-00230427-00230777 topic traditional musical instruments
d4y0ifDwz0I-00887-00230778-00230984 include like Oh Lulu a kind of flute
d4y0ifDwz0I-00888-00230985-00231209 used by hurting boys settle Oh Tolo
d4y0ifDwz0I-00889-00231210-00231401 played by men using their mouths and the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00890-00231402-00231719 woman's strength Omo the national anthem
d4y0ifDwz0I-00891-00231719-00232010 of lassoo to us lassoo to fat c LeBeau
d4y0ifDwz0I-00892-00232011-00232304 and ta ta Rona which literally
d4y0ifDwz0I-00893-00232305-00232610 translates into lassoo to land of our
d4y0ifDwz0I-00894-00232611-00232825 forefathers
d4y0ifDwz0I-00895-00232826-00233056 the traditional style of housing in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00896-00233057-00233326 Lesotho is called a mokoro many older
d4y0ifDwz0I-00897-00233327-00233566 houses especially in smaller towns and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00898-00233567-00233742 villages are this type with walls
d4y0ifDwz0I-00899-00233744-00233944 usually constructed from large stone
d4y0ifDwz0I-00900-00233944-00234232 cemented together baked mud bricks and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00901-00234233-00234457 especially concrete blocks are also used
d4y0ifDwz0I-00902-00234458-00234631 nowadays with thatched roofs still
d4y0ifDwz0I-00903-00234632-00234817 common although often replaced by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00904-00234817-00235096 corrugated roofing sheets traditional
d4y0ifDwz0I-00905-00235096-00235282 attire revolves around the Basu to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00906-00235283-00235459 blanket a thick covering made primarily
d4y0ifDwz0I-00907-00235460-00235719 of wool the blankets are ubiquitous
d4y0ifDwz0I-00908-00235721-00235876 throughout the country during all
d4y0ifDwz0I-00909-00235877-00236080 seasons and worn differently by men and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00910-00236081-00236332 women the Moriya arts and cultural
d4y0ifDwz0I-00911-00236333-00236551 festival is a prominence of Hsu to arts
d4y0ifDwz0I-00912-00236552-00236812 and music festival it is held annually
d4y0ifDwz0I-00913-00236813-00237031 in the historical town of Moria where
d4y0ifDwz0I-00914-00237032-00237315 the first missionaries arrived in 1833
d4y0ifDwz0I-00915-00237316-00237553 topic cuisine topic the cuisine of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00916-00237554-00237798 Lesotho includes African traditions and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00917-00237800-00238081 British influences the national dish of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00918-00238082-00238339 Lesotho as moto ho a fermented sorghum
d4y0ifDwz0I-00919-00238340-00238517 porridge eaten throughout the country
d4y0ifDwz0I-00920-00238519-00238777 topic traditional food topic because
d4y0ifDwz0I-00921-00238778-00239008 lassoo 2 has limited food resources a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00922-00239009-00239179 majority of families in the country
d4y0ifDwz0I-00923-00239180-00239383 raise their own food and livestock to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00924-00239384-00239546 support themselves and their families
d4y0ifDwz0I-00925-00239548-00239851 some staple foods include pap-pap a
d4y0ifDwz0I-00926-00239852-00240034 cornmeal porridge covered with a sauce
d4y0ifDwz0I-00927-00240035-00240340 consisting of various vegetables tea and
d4y0ifDwz0I-00928-00240341-00240532 locally brewed beer are popular choices
d4y0ifDwz0I-00929-00240533-00240640 for beverages
d4y0ifDwz0I-00930-00240641-00240904 topics social issues topics significant
d4y0ifDwz0I-00931-00240905-00241144 levels of child labour exist in Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00932-00241144-00241327 and the country is in the process of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00933-00241328-00241504 formulating an action programme on the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00934-00241505-00241734 elimination of child labour APEC
d4y0ifDwz0I-00935-00241735-00241996 according to the UN lassoo 2 has the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00936-00241996-00242656 highest rate rate of any country 91.6%
d4y0ifDwz0I-00937-00242657-00242871 treatment of people with disabilities as
d4y0ifDwz0I-00938-00242873-00243081 another major issue facing the country
d4y0ifDwz0I-00939-00243082-00243403 according to the Lesotho census 2006
d4y0ifDwz0I-00940-00243404-00243634 around 4% of the population is thought
d4y0ifDwz0I-00941-00243635-00243901 to have some sort of disability however
d4y0ifDwz0I-00942-00243902-00244063 there are concerns regarding the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00943-00244064-00244279 reliability of the methodologies used
d4y0ifDwz0I-00944-00244280-00244438 and the real figure is thought to be
d4y0ifDwz0I-00945-00244439-00244639 closer to the global estimate of 15
d4y0ifDwz0I-00946-00244640-00244873 percent according to a survey conducted
d4y0ifDwz0I-00947-00244873-00245137 by the lassoo - National Federation of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00948-00245138-00245317 organisations of the disabled in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00949-00245317-00245578 conjunction with Si and TEF people with
d4y0ifDwz0I-00950-00245579-00245827 disability in Lesotho face significant
d4y0ifDwz0I-00951-00245828-00246007 social and cultural barriers which
d4y0ifDwz0I-00952-00246008-00246188 prevent them from accessing education
d4y0ifDwz0I-00953-00246189-00246401 health care and employment on an equal
d4y0ifDwz0I-00954-00246402-00246698 basis with others on the 2nd of December
d4y0ifDwz0I-00955-00246698-00247021 2008 lassoo 2 became the 42nd country in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00956-00247023-00247214 the world to sign the UN Convention on
d4y0ifDwz0I-00957-00247215-00247402 the Rights of persons with disabilities
d4y0ifDwz0I-00958-00247403-00247691 however to date the treaty has yet to be
d4y0ifDwz0I-00959-00247692-00247778 domesticated
d4y0ifDwz0I-00960-00247779-00248009 despite lobbying efforts from disabled
d4y0ifDwz0I-00961-00248010-00248207 persons organizations there have been no
d4y0ifDwz0I-00962-00248208-00248389 moves to develop disability specific
d4y0ifDwz0I-00963-00248390-00248591 legislation to protect the rights of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00964-00248592-00248840 people with disabilities although the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00965-00248841-00249016 National disability and rehabilitation
d4y0ifDwz0I-00966-00249017-00249323 policy was developed in 2011 as yet
d4y0ifDwz0I-00967-00249323-00249506 there has been no budget allocated for
d4y0ifDwz0I-00968-00249507-00249791 its implementation sexual violence in
d4y0ifDwz0I-00969-00249792-00249979 Lesotho as a serious problem
d4y0ifDwz0I-00970-00249980-00250292 international data from UNODC found the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00971-00250292-00250553 incidence of rapes recorded in 2008 by
d4y0ifDwz0I-00972-00250554-00250751 the police to be the highest in Lesotho
d4y0ifDwz0I-00973-00250752-00251063 one study in Lesotho found that 61% of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00974-00251064-00251285 women reported having experienced sexual
d4y0ifDwz0I-00975-00251286-00251494 violence at some point in their lives of
d4y0ifDwz0I-00976-00251496-00251698 which 22 percent reported being
d4y0ifDwz0I-00977-00251700-00251846 physically forced to have sexual
d4y0ifDwz0I-00978-00251846-00252227 intercourse in the 2009 DHS survey
d4y0ifDwz0I-00979-00252228-00252469 fifteen point seven percent of men said
d4y0ifDwz0I-00980-00252471-00252665 that a husband is justified in hitting
d4y0ifDwz0I-00981-00252666-00252869 or beating his wife if she refuses to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00982-00252869-00253064 have sex with him while sixteen percent
d4y0ifDwz0I-00983-00253065-00253277 said a husband is justified to use force
d4y0ifDwz0I-00984-00253278-00253589 to have sex in another study researchers
d4y0ifDwz0I-00985-00253590-00253730 have concluded that given the high
d4y0ifDwz0I-00986-00253731-00254003 prevalence of HIV in Lesotho programs
d4y0ifDwz0I-00987-00254004-00254177 should address women's right to control
d4y0ifDwz0I-00988-00254178-00254384 their sexuality the married persons
d4y0ifDwz0I-00989-00254385-00254690 Equality Act 2006 gives equal rights to
d4y0ifDwz0I-00990-00254691-00254861 wives in regard to their husbands
d4y0ifDwz0I-00991-00254862-00255053 abolishing the husband's marital power
d4y0ifDwz0I-00992-00255054-00255359 the World Economic Forum's 2015 gender
d4y0ifDwz0I-00993-00255360-00255623 gap report ranks lassoo to 61st in the
d4y0ifDwz0I-00994-00255623-00255769 world for gender parity while
d4y0ifDwz0I-00995-00255771-00256360 neighboring South Africa ranks 17th
d4y0ifDwz0I-00996-00256361-00256882 topic see also
d4y0ifDwz0I-00997-00256883-00257227 topic index of lassoo two related
d4y0ifDwz0I-00998-00257228-00257801 articles outline of lassoo two
d4y0ifDwz0I-00999-00257802-00258360 topic references
d4y0ifDwz0I-01000-00258361-00258755 topic
d4y0ifDwz0I-01001-00258756-00259298 topic external links
d4y0ifDwz0I-01002-00259298-00259748 topic government of lassoo - published
d4y0ifDwz0I-01003-00259748-00260156 judicial opinions lassoo - the World
d4y0ifDwz0I-01004-00260157-00260503 Factbook Central Intelligence Agency
d4y0ifDwz0I-01005-00260504-00260857 lassoo - from UCB libraries govpubs
d4y0ifDwz0I-01006-00260858-00261269 lassoo - at curly lassoo - profile from
d4y0ifDwz0I-01007-00261269-00261660 the BBC news wikimedia atlas of lassoo -
d4y0ifDwz0I-01008-00261661-00261958 key development forecasts for lassoo -
d4y0ifDwz0I-01009-00261959-00262268 from international futures
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d5hSadyS8bA-00023-00007349-00007510 reproduce it to and then while at the
d5hSadyS8bA-00024-00007511-00007733 plane when the room but help for no I'm
d5hSadyS8bA-00025-00007734-00007991 gonna Villa move allergic in a lollipop
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d5hSadyS8bA-00027-00008177-00008516 EPA report on Joconde Aman Aman lemon
d5hSadyS8bA-00028-00008517-00008980 juicer title Kolya Adam expand alone in
d5hSadyS8bA-00029-00008981-00009181 a quandary lemon are canal award juice
d5hSadyS8bA-00030-00009182-00009409 and water will Emanuel Ax juice a pod
d5hSadyS8bA-00031-00009410-00009619 monitor I rented a home will get a paper
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d5hSadyS8bA-00033-00009659-00010002 Chilam Balam original in the youthspan
d5hSadyS8bA-00034-00010003-00010219 anime rhombic a lock of the light
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d5hSadyS8bA-00040-00012284-00012595 habla de navarra´ to Kaoru Morris abre
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d5hSadyS8bA-00042-00012851-00013038 potentional kurumada's oblong even de
d5hSadyS8bA-00043-00013040-00013437 Namur filter paneer the claw filter open
d5hSadyS8bA-00044-00013438-00013696 panic and the tiny when did we stop
d5hSadyS8bA-00045-00013697-00013941 oh-ho of Dylan an ikemen on in the
d5hSadyS8bA-00046-00013943-00014290 Tamela Brioni panel ah around 1011 the
d5hSadyS8bA-00047-00014291-00014431 calcium chat room buddy home are
d5hSadyS8bA-00048-00014432-00014619 Connolly the vase phenomena juice mother
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d5hSadyS8bA-00050-00015038-00015216 later - curriculum I'm pregnant my your
d5hSadyS8bA-00051-00015218-00015427 cotton clad to achieving a melodica Tea
d5hSadyS8bA-00052-00015428-00015463 Room
d5hSadyS8bA-00053-00015463-00015661 you know tannin even rely the brain
d5hSadyS8bA-00054-00015662-00015972 Allah other wonderful trip and I know
d5hSadyS8bA-00055-00015972-00016243 the poem look at Evan and you know that
d5hSadyS8bA-00056-00016244-00016564 analyze cooling water which he I mean a
d5hSadyS8bA-00057-00016565-00016759 lighter the panning nozzle article lemon
d5hSadyS8bA-00058-00016760-00016936 flavor when the Polo Yannick when the
d5hSadyS8bA-00059-00016937-00017119 lemon flavor Roma Parikh on another now
d5hSadyS8bA-00060-00017120-00017347 under the clean panel a tiny booty a
d5hSadyS8bA-00061-00017348-00018564 plain are the virtual couple a
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d5hSadyS8bA-00063-00018770-00019053 relativity i decree male the virtually
d5hSadyS8bA-00064-00019054-00019261 no no more than even kill of are indeed
d5hSadyS8bA-00065-00019262-00019572 ergo we paying the medina tighter so
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d5hSadyS8bA-00067-00019951-00020145 now Milken and the Lucas Oil cutting are
d5hSadyS8bA-00068-00020146-00020322 the you spawn line on him in a good when
d5hSadyS8bA-00069-00020323-00020592 your feet are good he point of a to that
d5hSadyS8bA-00070-00020593-00021127 malli to give a Toronto happy lakeil of
d5hSadyS8bA-00071-00021128-00021469 la morte aeterna Veda wasting arena for
d5hSadyS8bA-00072-00021470-00021697 an Germany narrow collagen in a patina
d5hSadyS8bA-00073-00021698-00022990 nomicon do pani radii are cool
d5hSadyS8bA-00074-00022991-00023458 I think not paneer ad is here the paneer
d5hSadyS8bA-00075-00023459-00023698 when do medievally I promote to believe
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d5hSadyS8bA-00078-00024122-00024301 lovely size today of you and allocating
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d5hSadyS8bA-00099-00029135-00029494 pour me a part of the Kurama non-tree
drpfTt0HCYQ-00000-00000112-00000351 quasars are brilliant beacons of intense
drpfTt0HCYQ-00001-00000352-00000511 light from the centers of distant
drpfTt0HCYQ-00002-00000512-00000678 galaxies
drpfTt0HCYQ-00003-00000679-00000854 they are powered by supermassive black
drpfTt0HCYQ-00004-00000855-00001174 holes growing on in-falling matter that
drpfTt0HCYQ-00005-00001175-00001391 unleashes massive amounts of radiation
drpfTt0HCYQ-00006-00001392-00001639 at the event horizon
drpfTt0HCYQ-00007-00001639-00001895 they are scattered all across the sky
drpfTt0HCYQ-00008-00001896-00002087 and were most abundant 10 billion years
drpfTt0HCYQ-00009-00002088-00002263 ago
drpfTt0HCYQ-00010-00002264-00002495 these hubble images reveal two pairs of
drpfTt0HCYQ-00011-00002496-00002775 quasars that reside at the hearts of
drpfTt0HCYQ-00012-00002776-00002999 merging galaxies
drpfTt0HCYQ-00013-00003000-00003238 these galaxies however cannot be seen
drpfTt0HCYQ-00014-00003239-00003447 because they are too faint even for
drpfTt0HCYQ-00015-00003447-00003615 hubble
drpfTt0HCYQ-00016-00003615-00003767 we're hoping the james webb space
drpfTt0HCYQ-00017-00003768-00004022 telescope currently at the l2 point
drpfTt0HCYQ-00018-00004023-00004183 being calibrated
drpfTt0HCYQ-00019-00004184-00004431 will give us a good look at the galaxies
drpfTt0HCYQ-00020-00004432-00004670 around these quasars
drpfTt0HCYQ-00021-00004671-00004895 these quasars will tighten their orbits
drpfTt0HCYQ-00022-00004896-00005102 until they eventually spiral together
drpfTt0HCYQ-00023-00005103-00005231 and coalesce
drpfTt0HCYQ-00024-00005232-00005470 resulting in an even more massive but
drpfTt0HCYQ-00025-00005471-00005876 solitary black hole
dtgblf-M7lg-00000-00000039-00000303 hey everyone happy wednesday only
dtgblf-M7lg-00001-00000304-00000503 two days left till christmas hope
dtgblf-M7lg-00002-00000504-00000655 everyone is excited
dtgblf-M7lg-00003-00000656-00000815 getting to spend some time with their
dtgblf-M7lg-00004-00000816-00000975 immediate family
dtgblf-M7lg-00005-00000976-00001231 um and get some great gifts and we'll
dtgblf-M7lg-00006-00001232-00001439 get this new year going hopefully 2021
dtgblf-M7lg-00007-00001440-00001582 is going to bring a lot of promise for
dtgblf-M7lg-00008-00001583-00001671 everyone
dtgblf-M7lg-00009-00001672-00001951 i want to take you guys for a tour of
dtgblf-M7lg-00010-00001952-00002091 this
dtgblf-M7lg-00011-00002092-00002415 3231ck montana okay it weighs
dtgblf-M7lg-00012-00002416-00002799 12 720 pounds
dtgblf-M7lg-00013-00002800-00002926 so it is on the heavy side you're gonna
dtgblf-M7lg-00014-00002927-00003142 need a one ton truck for this bad boy
dtgblf-M7lg-00015-00003143-00003270 but it's loaded with features so let's
dtgblf-M7lg-00016-00003271-00003486 go take a look
dtgblf-M7lg-00017-00003488-00003815 don't get so close to me sorry
dtgblf-M7lg-00018-00003815-00004063 um on the outside you're gonna see that
dtgblf-M7lg-00019-00004064-00004247 we do have a campsite slide so we
dtgblf-M7lg-00020-00004248-00004311 actually have
dtgblf-M7lg-00021-00004312-00004519 two awnings on this both awnings are
dtgblf-M7lg-00022-00004520-00004686 powered they do have the leds so you're
dtgblf-M7lg-00023-00004687-00004751 gonna have
dtgblf-M7lg-00024-00004752-00005079 plenty of coverage out here uh from this
dtgblf-M7lg-00025-00005080-00005206 up get you some shade
dtgblf-M7lg-00026-00005207-00005343 or one of my favorite things to do is
dtgblf-M7lg-00027-00005344-00005502 when it's raining set outside on the
dtgblf-M7lg-00028-00005503-00005686 porch with the awning out here the
dtgblf-M7lg-00029-00005687-00005838 raindrops it's awesome
dtgblf-M7lg-00030-00005839-00006095 uh outside speakers so if you do want to
dtgblf-M7lg-00031-00006096-00006247 jam out around the campfire you can
dtgblf-M7lg-00032-00006248-00006446 totally do that
dtgblf-M7lg-00033-00006447-00006839 you have massive pass-through storage or
dtgblf-M7lg-00034-00006840-00006942 as i always like to call it
dtgblf-M7lg-00035-00006943-00007078 mother-in-law quarters because
dtgblf-M7lg-00036-00007079-00007231 she never watches my videos so she
dtgblf-M7lg-00037-00007231-00007439 doesn't know that you do have
dtgblf-M7lg-00038-00007440-00007710 a tv hookup out here so you got power
dtgblf-M7lg-00039-00007711-00007951 and you've got your satellite as well as
dtgblf-M7lg-00040-00007952-00008110 your cable tv and this is
dtgblf-M7lg-00041-00008111-00008383 key tv so the way that works you got one
dtgblf-M7lg-00042-00008384-00008542 cable coming in but you can actually
dtgblf-M7lg-00043-00008543-00008574 watch
dtgblf-M7lg-00044-00008575-00008751 multiple channels on different tv so
dtgblf-M7lg-00045-00008752-00008878 that's pretty cool you're not stuck
dtgblf-M7lg-00046-00008879-00009023 watching the
dtgblf-M7lg-00047-00009024-00009239 kids shows or maybe mom and dad are
dtgblf-M7lg-00048-00009240-00009374 watching a boring documentary and you
dtgblf-M7lg-00049-00009375-00009478 want to watch something else you can
dtgblf-M7lg-00050-00009479-00009710 totally do that
dtgblf-M7lg-00051-00009711-00009942 solid steps uh they're coming pretty
dtgblf-M7lg-00052-00009943-00010174 much stock on most campers anymore
dtgblf-M7lg-00053-00010175-00010367 if they don't you should upgrade to them
dtgblf-M7lg-00054-00010368-00010542 they're fantastic i'll tell you why
dtgblf-M7lg-00055-00010543-00010767 i have two corgis their feet are about
dtgblf-M7lg-00056-00010768-00010919 that big or i guess their legs are about
dtgblf-M7lg-00057-00010920-00011014 that big
dtgblf-M7lg-00058-00011015-00011238 they can get up and down no problem uh
dtgblf-M7lg-00059-00011239-00011414 they're also great if you've had hip
dtgblf-M7lg-00060-00011415-00011614 surgeries knee surgeries or maybe you've
dtgblf-M7lg-00061-00011615-00011751 just had too much to drink around the
dtgblf-M7lg-00062-00011752-00011895 campfire they give you a little more
dtgblf-M7lg-00063-00011896-00012038 stability to get in there
dtgblf-M7lg-00064-00012039-00012183 and you've got the good old grab handle
dtgblf-M7lg-00065-00012184-00012367 to get in there as well
dtgblf-M7lg-00066-00012368-00012855 let's navigate through the step maze
dtgblf-M7lg-00067-00012856-00013079 and i don't know if you can see it yeah
dtgblf-M7lg-00068-00013080-00013222 go ahead and show them back there
dtgblf-M7lg-00069-00013223-00013463 you do have a ladder so it is a fully
dtgblf-M7lg-00070-00013463-00013679 walkable roof making it easy to clean
dtgblf-M7lg-00071-00013680-00013783 and maintain
dtgblf-M7lg-00072-00013784-00014279 and you are backup camera prepped
dtgblf-M7lg-00073-00014280-00014447 you'll notice also on the outside that
dtgblf-M7lg-00074-00014447-00014647 these are frameless windows and i just
dtgblf-M7lg-00075-00014647-00014815 think that gives it a little extra pop
dtgblf-M7lg-00076-00014816-00014855 look
dtgblf-M7lg-00077-00014856-00014999 so you can make all the other campers
dtgblf-M7lg-00078-00015000-00015238 jealous let's go ahead and take a look
dtgblf-M7lg-00079-00015240-00015343 we're going to start back here in the
dtgblf-M7lg-00080-00015344-00015622 bedroom you do have a size bed which
dtgblf-M7lg-00081-00015623-00015815 i absolutely love there is storage
dtgblf-M7lg-00082-00015816-00015943 underneath the bed
dtgblf-M7lg-00083-00015944-00016222 you do have small nightstands on both
dtgblf-M7lg-00084-00016223-00016319 sides of the bed
dtgblf-M7lg-00085-00016319-00016583 and usb as well as regular powering so
dtgblf-M7lg-00086-00016584-00016711 you can put your phone up there
dtgblf-M7lg-00087-00016712-00017039 your ipad whatever you want you've got a
dtgblf-M7lg-00088-00017040-00017350 big old closet you do have shelves
dtgblf-M7lg-00089-00017351-00017543 inside the closet as well as being able
dtgblf-M7lg-00090-00017544-00017830 to hang stuff and power in there
dtgblf-M7lg-00091-00017831-00018199 as well as a handy dandy laundry hamper
dtgblf-M7lg-00092-00018200-00018367 so you can hide all that unsightly dirty
dtgblf-M7lg-00093-00018368-00018463 clothes until you get home from the
dtgblf-M7lg-00094-00018464-00018599 campground
dtgblf-M7lg-00095-00018600-00018863 this camper is washer dryer prepped it's
dtgblf-M7lg-00096-00018864-00019047 hidden behind the chairs these chairs go
dtgblf-M7lg-00097-00019048-00019158 with the table
dtgblf-M7lg-00098-00019159-00019343 in the dining area i'll show you that
dtgblf-M7lg-00099-00019344-00019463 when we get out there but you can put a
dtgblf-M7lg-00100-00019464-00019575 washer dryer in here
dtgblf-M7lg-00101-00019576-00019839 or it's just additional storage and then
dtgblf-M7lg-00102-00019840-00020007 directly across from the bed
dtgblf-M7lg-00103-00020008-00020271 we have a bank of drawers so again
dtgblf-M7lg-00104-00020272-00020414 storage storage storage
dtgblf-M7lg-00105-00020415-00020558 i always say that that's one of my
dtgblf-M7lg-00106-00020559-00020727 favorite features of the montana is
dtgblf-M7lg-00107-00020728-00020935 you're not going to run out of storage
dtgblf-M7lg-00108-00020936-00021135 you have a tv that is actually mounted
dtgblf-M7lg-00109-00021136-00021271 in so it gives it that more
dtgblf-M7lg-00110-00021272-00021494 finished look and then greer if you look
dtgblf-M7lg-00111-00021495-00021622 up at the ceiling
dtgblf-M7lg-00112-00021623-00021775 you've got speakers back here so you can
dtgblf-M7lg-00113-00021776-00022063 really jam out back here but it's also
dtgblf-M7lg-00114-00022064-00022286 on the quiet cool system so your acs are
dtgblf-M7lg-00115-00022287-00022447 mounted on the roof
dtgblf-M7lg-00116-00022448-00022783 roof yeah sound like a dog the
dtgblf-M7lg-00117-00022784-00022975 acs are mounted up on the roof so it's
dtgblf-M7lg-00118-00022976-00023158 going to be quieter in here as well as
dtgblf-M7lg-00119-00023159-00023263 in the living room so when you're trying
dtgblf-M7lg-00120-00023264-00023463 to watch tv or talk to somebody you
dtgblf-M7lg-00121-00023464-00023583 cannot
dtgblf-M7lg-00122-00023584-00023775 use the ac as an excuse to ignore your
dtgblf-M7lg-00123-00023776-00023950 wife anymore sorry
dtgblf-M7lg-00124-00023951-00024047 now we'll go up and check out the
dtgblf-M7lg-00125-00024048-00024511 bathroom
dtgblf-M7lg-00126-00024512-00024694 as you see we've got a really big
dtgblf-M7lg-00127-00024695-00024935 bathroom we've got the dual sinks
dtgblf-M7lg-00128-00024936-00025119 we've got dual medicine cabinets and
dtgblf-M7lg-00129-00025120-00025278 we've got dual storage below
dtgblf-M7lg-00130-00025279-00025519 so his mess her mess i don't know who's
dtgblf-M7lg-00131-00025520-00025678 the messy one in the relationship
dtgblf-M7lg-00132-00025679-00025839 but somebody can have it clean somebody
dtgblf-M7lg-00133-00025839-00025990 can have it messy
dtgblf-M7lg-00134-00025991-00026199 and you even have a shared space so
dtgblf-M7lg-00135-00026200-00026407 maybe in the name of splitting things up
dtgblf-M7lg-00136-00026408-00026543 one of you takes the top shelf and the
dtgblf-M7lg-00137-00026544-00026687 other one takes the bottom
dtgblf-M7lg-00138-00026688-00026999 you've got a big sit-down shower
dtgblf-M7lg-00139-00027000-00027174 i will not buy a camper without a seat
dtgblf-M7lg-00140-00027175-00027383 in the shower personally i love it
dtgblf-M7lg-00141-00027383-00027631 i know my wife uses it to shave her legs
dtgblf-M7lg-00142-00027632-00027862 i don't shave my legs but i do sit there
dtgblf-M7lg-00143-00027863-00028135 and enjoy the relaxation uh at the end
dtgblf-M7lg-00144-00028136-00028246 of the day
dtgblf-M7lg-00145-00028247-00028470 toilet which is kind of a necessity in a
dtgblf-M7lg-00146-00028472-00028607 bathroom
dtgblf-M7lg-00147-00028608-00028823 and something we don't point out a lot
dtgblf-M7lg-00148-00028824-00028983 is the exhaust fans and this one
dtgblf-M7lg-00149-00028983-00029102 actually has a
dtgblf-M7lg-00150-00029104-00029255 big old exhaust fan in here so you're
dtgblf-M7lg-00151-00029256-00029367 not gonna have to worry about pulling
dtgblf-M7lg-00152-00029368-00029518 any of the moisture out
dtgblf-M7lg-00153-00029519-00029631 so let's go take a look the rest of the
dtgblf-M7lg-00154-00029632-00029943 camper i do want to point out
dtgblf-M7lg-00155-00029944-00030158 you do have uh some additional storage
dtgblf-M7lg-00156-00030160-00030287 here but one of these
dtgblf-M7lg-00157-00030288-00030543 actually i think yeah girl let you come
dtgblf-M7lg-00158-00030544-00030662 around
dtgblf-M7lg-00159-00030663-00030846 one of these actually contains your
dtgblf-M7lg-00160-00030847-00031046 command center so that's
dtgblf-M7lg-00161-00031047-00031223 everything you can literally control
dtgblf-M7lg-00162-00031224-00031351 everything there
dtgblf-M7lg-00163-00031352-00031751 and then this one it's the quiet clause
dtgblf-M7lg-00164-00031752-00031967 this one is actually a place uh you
dtgblf-M7lg-00165-00031968-00032087 could put dog leashes
dtgblf-M7lg-00166-00032088-00032423 jackets whatever you needed to there
dtgblf-M7lg-00167-00032424-00032599 coming into the kitchen so i'm going to
dtgblf-M7lg-00168-00032600-00032846 start here work my way around
dtgblf-M7lg-00169-00032847-00033031 we've got our three burner stove that
dtgblf-M7lg-00170-00033032-00033215 you've got ample
dtgblf-M7lg-00171-00033216-00033407 space on both sides for prep space for
dtgblf-M7lg-00172-00033408-00033590 cooking so you've got a lot of space
dtgblf-M7lg-00173-00033591-00033895 you also if that wasn't enough space you
dtgblf-M7lg-00174-00033896-00034071 can pull this bad boy out
dtgblf-M7lg-00175-00034072-00034262 and you've got additional space chop
dtgblf-M7lg-00176-00034263-00034446 chop chop cook chop chop chop
dtgblf-M7lg-00177-00034447-00034767 cook and those do have
dtgblf-M7lg-00178-00034768-00034967 drawers there and you have a cabinet
dtgblf-M7lg-00179-00034968-00035102 over here on this side so that's pretty
dtgblf-M7lg-00180-00035103-00035279 cool
dtgblf-M7lg-00181-00035280-00035462 residential sized refrigerator so we
dtgblf-M7lg-00182-00035463-00035655 talk about storage but it's also
dtgblf-M7lg-00183-00035656-00035823 i think important to talk about this is
dtgblf-M7lg-00184-00035824-00036030 a a great unit if you're going to
dtgblf-M7lg-00185-00036031-00036223 vacation in it because you've got plenty
dtgblf-M7lg-00186-00036224-00036295 of room
dtgblf-M7lg-00187-00036296-00036495 for a couple of weeks closing here maybe
dtgblf-M7lg-00188-00036496-00036671 more and you've got ample room
dtgblf-M7lg-00189-00036672-00036830 for food so you're not going to run out
dtgblf-M7lg-00190-00036831-00037111 of food storage
dtgblf-M7lg-00191-00037112-00037479 big island and it's got like a 80 20
dtgblf-M7lg-00192-00037480-00037623 stainless steel sink in it with a
dtgblf-M7lg-00193-00037624-00037855 detachable sprayer
dtgblf-M7lg-00194-00037856-00038127 again plenty of countertop space like
dtgblf-M7lg-00195-00038128-00038335 you've got a lot of countertop space
dtgblf-M7lg-00196-00038336-00038502 and then below that island you'll see we
dtgblf-M7lg-00197-00038503-00038718 have a bunch of cabinets and drawers
dtgblf-M7lg-00198-00038719-00038799 down here
dtgblf-M7lg-00199-00038800-00038990 and cool little light back there which i
dtgblf-M7lg-00200-00038991-00039127 like
dtgblf-M7lg-00201-00039128-00039327 on this side again i feel like i'm
dtgblf-M7lg-00202-00039328-00039455 repeating myself
dtgblf-M7lg-00203-00039456-00039671 counter prep space i mean it makes that
dtgblf-M7lg-00204-00039672-00039799 cutting board look tiny you've got so
dtgblf-M7lg-00205-00039800-00039918 much space
dtgblf-M7lg-00206-00039919-00040343 stainless steel microwave more storage
dtgblf-M7lg-00207-00040344-00040607 and then greer if you pan across this is
dtgblf-M7lg-00208-00040608-00040646 the
dtgblf-M7lg-00209-00040647-00040830 uh it's not really a freestanding
dtgblf-M7lg-00210-00040831-00040974 dinette because it's hooked in but
dtgblf-M7lg-00211-00040975-00041102 there's your dinette set
dtgblf-M7lg-00212-00041103-00041295 and the end of that will actually pull
dtgblf-M7lg-00213-00041296-00041511 out those chairs that are up there in
dtgblf-M7lg-00214-00041512-00041655 the closet earlier i'm showing you you
dtgblf-M7lg-00215-00041656-00041735 can actually see
dtgblf-M7lg-00216-00041736-00041927 four people there which is nice this
dtgblf-M7lg-00217-00041928-00042111 unit as you see is
dtgblf-M7lg-00218-00042112-00042351 thousand six hundred and ninety dollars
dtgblf-M7lg-00219-00042352-00042487 one thing to point out stay there girl
dtgblf-M7lg-00220-00042488-00042662 i'm gonna come around
dtgblf-M7lg-00221-00042663-00042807 some of the cool little features that
dtgblf-M7lg-00222-00042808-00043015 they do in these is these little pop-up
dtgblf-M7lg-00223-00043016-00043158 you can actually push that in
dtgblf-M7lg-00224-00043159-00043287 drop it down but that's gonna give you
dtgblf-M7lg-00225-00043288-00043511 some additional charging usb as well as
dtgblf-M7lg-00226-00043512-00043727 regular here
dtgblf-M7lg-00227-00043728-00043918 and then last but certainly not least
dtgblf-M7lg-00228-00043919-00044039 we're going to come into the living room
dtgblf-M7lg-00229-00044040-00044207 area so
dtgblf-M7lg-00230-00044208-00044351 right here we have our theater seating
dtgblf-M7lg-00231-00044352-00044687 that does recline nice and cozy
dtgblf-M7lg-00232-00044688-00044999 over here we have our sleeper sofa so
dtgblf-M7lg-00233-00045000-00045071 that's
dtgblf-M7lg-00234-00045072-00045239 you can sleep on it like it is but it
dtgblf-M7lg-00235-00045240-00045462 will actually come out into a full
dtgblf-M7lg-00236-00045463-00045823 uh sleeper area storage up above
dtgblf-M7lg-00237-00045824-00046143 and then it's all centrally located with
dtgblf-M7lg-00238-00046144-00046471 your tv i don't know 50 55 inch tv
dtgblf-M7lg-00239-00046472-00046830 you've got your inside speakers your
dtgblf-M7lg-00240-00046831-00047079 cd dvd blu-ray player is hidden back
dtgblf-M7lg-00241-00047080-00047230 behind here
dtgblf-M7lg-00242-00047231-00047383 and then you have your fireplace and
dtgblf-M7lg-00243-00047384-00047599 this is your electric fireplace
dtgblf-M7lg-00244-00047600-00047783 uh i talked about those quite a bit
dtgblf-M7lg-00245-00047784-00047974 absolutely love them we have one in our
dtgblf-M7lg-00246-00047975-00048046 camper
dtgblf-M7lg-00247-00048047-00048190 they're great in the early season
dtgblf-M7lg-00248-00048191-00048383 camping and the end of season camping to
dtgblf-M7lg-00249-00048384-00048511 take that chill out of the air in the
dtgblf-M7lg-00250-00048512-00048567 morning
dtgblf-M7lg-00251-00048568-00048823 or in the evening if you want you could
dtgblf-M7lg-00252-00048824-00048958 just turn on the light have a nice
dtgblf-M7lg-00253-00048959-00049151 little ambiance in here
dtgblf-M7lg-00254-00049152-00049358 and then i think the last thing there's
dtgblf-M7lg-00255-00049359-00049486 so many things to cover on these
dtgblf-M7lg-00256-00049487-00049751 montanas is the shades the blinds
dtgblf-M7lg-00257-00049752-00049895 you'll notice that we have this one
dtgblf-M7lg-00258-00049896-00050030 pulled down that's going to let some
dtgblf-M7lg-00259-00050031-00050095 sunlight
dtgblf-M7lg-00260-00050096-00050262 in but it's also going to keep it from
dtgblf-M7lg-00261-00050263-00050399 getting too hot in here
dtgblf-M7lg-00262-00050400-00050599 but if you want full privacy you pull
dtgblf-M7lg-00263-00050600-00050743 the blackout shade down
dtgblf-M7lg-00264-00050744-00050902 and nobody can see anything so that's
dtgblf-M7lg-00265-00050903-00051127 pretty cool so again this is walk
dtgblf-M7lg-00266-00051128-00051230 through wednesday
dtgblf-M7lg-00267-00051232-00051399 wishing you guys all a very merry
dtgblf-M7lg-00268-00051400-00051582 christmas and a happy new year from all
dtgblf-M7lg-00269-00051583-00051726 of us here at walnut ridge
dtgblf-M7lg-00270-00051727-00051911 hope everyone is safe and enjoys the
dtgblf-M7lg-00271-00051912-00052010 holiday
dtgblf-M7lg-00272-00052011-00054047 [Music]
dtgblf-M7lg-00273-00054048-00054255 you
du-737DqBoc-00000-00000016-00001439 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00001-00001440-00001628 is
du-737DqBoc-00002-00001629-00003999 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00003-00004000-00005718 ladybug
du-737DqBoc-00004-00005719-00005918 be happy
du-737DqBoc-00005-00005919-00006254 cool down cool down
du-737DqBoc-00007-00009904-00010127 you are no match for my power
du-737DqBoc-00008-00010128-00010737 surrender now
du-737DqBoc-00009-00010738-00012431 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00010-00012432-00012676 foreign
du-737DqBoc-00011-00012677-00013615 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00012-00013616-00015038 it
du-737DqBoc-00013-00015040-00015262 hmm
du-737DqBoc-00014-00015263-00016767 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00015-00016768-00017103 foreign
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du-737DqBoc-00017-00017589-00017886 [Applause]
du-737DqBoc-00018-00017887-00018013 oh
du-737DqBoc-00019-00018014-00019086 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00020-00019087-00019193 ladybug
du-737DqBoc-00021-00019194-00019975 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00022-00019976-00020167 be happy
du-737DqBoc-00023-00020168-00020364 cool down cool down
du-737DqBoc-00024-00020365-00021481 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00025-00021482-00021945 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00026-00021946-00022393 [Applause]
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du-737DqBoc-00032-00024287-00024375 [Applause]
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du-737DqBoc-00041-00029288-00029395 oh
du-737DqBoc-00042-00029397-00030279 [Music]
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du-737DqBoc-00044-00030667-00031990 [Music]
du-737DqBoc-00045-00031991-00033567 is
du-737DqBoc-00046-00033568-00034551 okay
du-737DqBoc-00047-00034552-00034667 foreign
du-737DqBoc-00049-00060055-00060264 you
du_ksgqMO0M-00000-00000080-00000323 Conscription sometimes called the draft
du_ksgqMO0M-00001-00000324-00000551 is the compulsory enlistment of people
du_ksgqMO0M-00002-00000552-00000755 in a national service most often a
du_ksgqMO0M-00003-00000756-00000883 military service
du_ksgqMO0M-00004-00000884-00001193 conscription dates back to antiquity and
du_ksgqMO0M-00005-00001194-00001375 continues in some countries to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00006-00001376-00001664 present day under various names the
du_ksgqMO0M-00007-00001664-00001904 modern system of near-universal national
du_ksgqMO0M-00008-00001905-00002105 conscription for young men dates to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00009-00002106-00002381 French Revolution in the 1790s where it
du_ksgqMO0M-00010-00002382-00002582 became the basis of a very large and
du_ksgqMO0M-00011-00002583-00002915 powerful military most European nations
du_ksgqMO0M-00012-00002916-00003155 later copied the system in peacetime so
du_ksgqMO0M-00013-00003156-00003361 that men at a certain age would serve 1
du_ksgqMO0M-00014-00003363-00003547 to 8 years on active duty and then
du_ksgqMO0M-00015-00003548-00003831 transfer to the reserve force
du_ksgqMO0M-00016-00003832-00004049 conscription is controversial for a
du_ksgqMO0M-00017-00004050-00004288 range of reasons including conscientious
du_ksgqMO0M-00018-00004289-00004486 objection to military engagements on
du_ksgqMO0M-00019-00004487-00004658 religious or philosophical grounds
du_ksgqMO0M-00020-00004659-00004906 political objection for example to
du_ksgqMO0M-00021-00004907-00005090 service for a disliked government or
du_ksgqMO0M-00022-00005091-00005351 unpopular war and ideological objection
du_ksgqMO0M-00023-00005352-00005609 for example to a perceived violation of
du_ksgqMO0M-00024-00005610-00005927 individual rights those conscripted may
du_ksgqMO0M-00025-00005928-00006161 evade service sometimes by leaving the
du_ksgqMO0M-00026-00006162-00006370 country and seeking asylum in another
du_ksgqMO0M-00027-00006371-00006650 country some selection systems
du_ksgqMO0M-00028-00006651-00006871 accommodate these attitudes by providing
du_ksgqMO0M-00029-00006872-00007091 alternative service outside combat
du_ksgqMO0M-00030-00007092-00007306 operations roles or even outside the
du_ksgqMO0M-00031-00007308-00007523 military such as severely pelvis
du_ksgqMO0M-00032-00007523-00007763 alternative civil service in Finland
du_ksgqMO0M-00033-00007764-00007988 civil Dienst compulsory community
du_ksgqMO0M-00034-00007989-00008299 service in Austria and Switzerland many
du_ksgqMO0M-00035-00008300-00008519 post-soviet countries conscript male
du_ksgqMO0M-00036-00008520-00008749 soldiers not only for Armed Forces but
du_ksgqMO0M-00037-00008750-00008974 also for paramilitary organisations
du_ksgqMO0M-00038-00008975-00009146 which are dedicated to police like
du_ksgqMO0M-00039-00009147-00009421 domestic only service internal troops or
du_ksgqMO0M-00040-00009422-00009677 non-combat rescue duties civil defence
du_ksgqMO0M-00041-00009678-00009866 troops none of which is considered
du_ksgqMO0M-00042-00009867-00010042 alternative to the military conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00043-00010043-00010487 as of the early 21st century many states
du_ksgqMO0M-00044-00010488-00010706 no longer can script soldiers relying
du_ksgqMO0M-00045-00010707-00010910 instead upon professional militaries
du_ksgqMO0M-00046-00010911-00011096 with volunteers enlisted to meet the
du_ksgqMO0M-00047-00011097-00011405 demand for troops the ability to rely on
du_ksgqMO0M-00048-00011406-00011671 such an arrangement however presupposes
du_ksgqMO0M-00049-00011672-00011849 some degree of predictability with
du_ksgqMO0M-00050-00011850-00012083 regard to both war fighting requirements
du_ksgqMO0M-00051-00012084-00012388 and the scope of hostilities many states
du_ksgqMO0M-00052-00012389-00012551 that have abolished conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00053-00012552-00012742 therefore still reserved the power to
du_ksgqMO0M-00054-00012743-00012949 resume it during wartime or times of
du_ksgqMO0M-00055-00012950-00013271 crisis states involved in wars or
du_ksgqMO0M-00056-00013272-00013394 interstate rivalry
du_ksgqMO0M-00057-00013394-00013538 are most likely to implement
du_ksgqMO0M-00058-00013538-00013751 conscription whereas democracies are
du_ksgqMO0M-00059-00013752-00013928 less likely than autocracies to
du_ksgqMO0M-00060-00013929-00014219 implement conscription former British
du_ksgqMO0M-00061-00014219-00014375 colonies are less likely to have
du_ksgqMO0M-00062-00014376-00014585 conscription as they are influenced by
du_ksgqMO0M-00063-00014586-00014816 British anti conscription norms that can
du_ksgqMO0M-00064-00014816-00015529 be traced back to the English Civil War
du_ksgqMO0M-00065-00015530-00015976 topic history
du_ksgqMO0M-00066-00015977-00016410 you
du_ksgqMO0M-00067-00016411-00016995 topic in pre-modern times
du_ksgqMO0M-00068-00016996-00017347 you
du_ksgqMO0M-00069-00017348-00017812 topic LLL come
du_ksgqMO0M-00070-00017813-00018160 around the reign of Hammurabi 1791 to
du_ksgqMO0M-00071-00018161-00018493 1750 BC the Babylonian Empire used a
du_ksgqMO0M-00072-00018494-00018708 system of conscription called LLL come
du_ksgqMO0M-00073-00018709-00018979 under that system those eligible were
du_ksgqMO0M-00074-00018980-00019180 required to serve in the Royal Army in
du_ksgqMO0M-00075-00019181-00019495 time of war during times of peace they
du_ksgqMO0M-00076-00019496-00019687 were instead required to provide labour
du_ksgqMO0M-00077-00019688-00019972 for other activities of the state in
du_ksgqMO0M-00078-00019973-00020215 return for this service people subject
du_ksgqMO0M-00079-00020216-00020482 to it gained the right to hold land it
du_ksgqMO0M-00080-00020483-00020686 is possible that this right was not to
du_ksgqMO0M-00081-00020687-00020890 hold land per se but specific land
du_ksgqMO0M-00082-00020891-00021127 supplied by the state various forms of
du_ksgqMO0M-00083-00021128-00021351 avoiding military service are recorded
du_ksgqMO0M-00084-00021352-00021589 while it was outlawed by the Code of
du_ksgqMO0M-00085-00021590-00021832 Hammurabi the hiring of substitutes
du_ksgqMO0M-00086-00021833-00022006 appears to have been practiced both
du_ksgqMO0M-00087-00022007-00022195 before and after the creation of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00088-00022196-00022489 code later records show that ilk own
du_ksgqMO0M-00089-00022490-00022660 commitments could become regularly
du_ksgqMO0M-00090-00022661-00022942 traded in other places people simply
du_ksgqMO0M-00091-00022943-00023137 left their towns to avoid their ilk on
du_ksgqMO0M-00092-00023138-00023434 service another option was to sell LLL
du_ksgqMO0M-00093-00023435-00023605 come lands and the commitments along
du_ksgqMO0M-00094-00023606-00023839 with them with the exception of a few
du_ksgqMO0M-00095-00023840-00024091 exempted classes this was forbidden by
du_ksgqMO0M-00096-00024092-00024694 the Code of Hammurabi
du_ksgqMO0M-00097-00024695-00025236 topic medieval levies
du_ksgqMO0M-00098-00025237-00025515 in medieval Scandinavia the Lingga Old
du_ksgqMO0M-00099-00025516-00025812 Norse lie dank Norwegian leading Danish
du_ksgqMO0M-00100-00025813-00026068 leading Swedish lifting Dutch expedition
du_ksgqMO0M-00101-00026069-00026355 Latin or sometimes laying old English
du_ksgqMO0M-00102-00026356-00026598 was Olevia free farmers conscripted into
du_ksgqMO0M-00103-00026599-00026826 coastal fleets for seasonal excursions
du_ksgqMO0M-00104-00026827-00027135 and in defence of the realm the bulk of
du_ksgqMO0M-00105-00027136-00027368 the anglo-saxon English army called the
du_ksgqMO0M-00106-00027369-00027648 fyr D was composed of part-time English
du_ksgqMO0M-00107-00027649-00027833 soldiers drawn from the freemen of each
du_ksgqMO0M-00108-00027835-00028145 County in the six 90s laws of inner
du_ksgqMO0M-00109-00028147-00028368 three levels of fines are imposed on
du_ksgqMO0M-00110-00028369-00028583 different social classes for neglecting
du_ksgqMO0M-00111-00028585-00028883 military service some modern writers
du_ksgqMO0M-00112-00028885-00029124 claim military service was restricted to
du_ksgqMO0M-00113-00029125-00029400 the land owning minor nobility these
du_ksgqMO0M-00114-00029401-00029637 things were the land holding aristocracy
du_ksgqMO0M-00115-00029638-00029808 of the time and were required to serve
du_ksgqMO0M-00116-00029808-00029990 with their own armor and weapons for a
du_ksgqMO0M-00117-00029991-00030264 certain number of days each year the
du_ksgqMO0M-00118-00030264-00030480 historian david sturdy has cautioned
du_ksgqMO0M-00119-00030481-00030744 about regarding the fyr d is a precursor
du_ksgqMO0M-00120-00030745-00030981 to a modern national army composed of
du_ksgqMO0M-00121-00030982-00031125 all ranks of society
du_ksgqMO0M-00122-00031126-00031412 describing it as a ridiculous fantasy
du_ksgqMO0M-00123-00031413-00031686 the persistent old belief that peasants
du_ksgqMO0M-00124-00031687-00031871 and small farmers gathered to form a
du_ksgqMO0M-00125-00031872-00032124 national army or fyr d is a strange
du_ksgqMO0M-00126-00032125-00032352 delusion dreamt up by antiquarians in
du_ksgqMO0M-00127-00032352-00032619 the late 18th or early 19th centuries to
du_ksgqMO0M-00128-00032620-00032948 justify universal military conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00129-00032949-00033207 medieval levee in Poland was known as
du_ksgqMO0M-00130-00033208-00033778 the pasta light Russia knee
du_ksgqMO0M-00131-00033779-00034435 topic military slavery the system of
du_ksgqMO0M-00132-00034436-00034648 military slaves was widely used in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00133-00034649-00034801 Middle East beginning with the creation
du_ksgqMO0M-00134-00034802-00035011 of the core of Turkish slave soldiers
du_ksgqMO0M-00135-00035012-00035293 golems or Mamluks by the Abbasid caliphs
du_ksgqMO0M-00136-00035294-00035503 al-mu'tasim in the eight 20s and eight
du_ksgqMO0M-00137-00035504-00035815 30s the Turkish troops soon came to
du_ksgqMO0M-00138-00035816-00036031 dominate the government establishing a
du_ksgqMO0M-00139-00036032-00036214 pattern throughout the Islamic world of
du_ksgqMO0M-00140-00036215-00036445 a ruling military class often separated
du_ksgqMO0M-00141-00036446-00036697 by ethnicity culture and even religion
du_ksgqMO0M-00142-00036698-00036931 by the mass of the population a paradigm
du_ksgqMO0M-00143-00036932-00037126 that found its Apogee in the Mamluks of
du_ksgqMO0M-00144-00037127-00037297 Egypt and the Janissary Corps of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00145-00037298-00037507 Ottoman Empire institutions that
du_ksgqMO0M-00146-00037508-00037855 survived until the early 19th century in
du_ksgqMO0M-00147-00037856-00038068 the middle of the 14th century Ottoman
du_ksgqMO0M-00148-00038069-00038299 Sultan Murad the first developed
du_ksgqMO0M-00149-00038300-00038509 personal troops to be loyal to him with
du_ksgqMO0M-00150-00038510-00038800 a slave army called the capo Kulu the
du_ksgqMO0M-00151-00038801-00039025 new force was built by taking Christian
du_ksgqMO0M-00152-00039026-00039211 children from newly conquered lands
du_ksgqMO0M-00153-00039212-00039424 especially from the far areas of his
du_ksgqMO0M-00154-00039425-00039646 empire in a system known as the dev sir
du_ksgqMO0M-00155-00039647-00040047 may translate it gathering or converting
du_ksgqMO0M-00156-00040048-00040303 the captive children were forced to
du_ksgqMO0M-00157-00040304-00040438 convert to Islam
du_ksgqMO0M-00158-00040439-00040675 the Sultan's had the young boys trained
du_ksgqMO0M-00159-00040676-00040921 over several years those who showed
du_ksgqMO0M-00160-00040922-00041146 special promise in fighting skills were
du_ksgqMO0M-00161-00041147-00041362 trained in advanced warrior skills put
du_ksgqMO0M-00162-00041363-00041575 into the Sultan's personal service and
du_ksgqMO0M-00163-00041576-00041776 turned into the Janissaries the elite
du_ksgqMO0M-00164-00041777-00042055 branch of the kapa Kulu a number of
du_ksgqMO0M-00165-00042056-00042244 distinguished military commanders of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00166-00042245-00042448 ottomans and most of the imperial
du_ksgqMO0M-00167-00042449-00042664 administrators and upper level officials
du_ksgqMO0M-00168-00042665-00042868 of the empire such as park ali ibrahim
du_ksgqMO0M-00169-00042869-00043117 pasha and circle mehmet pasha were
du_ksgqMO0M-00170-00043118-00043471 recruited in this way by 1609 the
du_ksgqMO0M-00171-00043472-00043702 Sultan's capicola forces increased to
du_ksgqMO0M-00172-00043703-00044002 about 100,000 in later years Sultan's
du_ksgqMO0M-00173-00044003-00044215 turned to the Barbary pirates to supply
du_ksgqMO0M-00174-00044216-00044491 the Janissaries Corps their attacks on
du_ksgqMO0M-00175-00044492-00044701 ships off the coast of Africa or in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00176-00044702-00044926 Mediterranean and subsequent capture of
du_ksgqMO0M-00177-00044927-00045130 able-bodied men for ransom or sale
du_ksgqMO0M-00178-00045131-00045343 provided some captives for the Sultan's
du_ksgqMO0M-00179-00045344-00045639 system starting in the 17th century
du_ksgqMO0M-00180-00045640-00045865 Christian families living under the
du_ksgqMO0M-00181-00045866-00046066 Ottoman rule began to submit their sons
du_ksgqMO0M-00182-00046067-00046285 into the capicola system willingly as
du_ksgqMO0M-00183-00046286-00046459 they saw this as a potentially
du_ksgqMO0M-00184-00046460-00046666 invaluable career opportunity for their
du_ksgqMO0M-00185-00046667-00046972 children eventually the Sultan turn to
du_ksgqMO0M-00186-00046973-00047173 foreign volunteers from the warrior
du_ksgqMO0M-00187-00047174-00047355 hands of Circassians in southern Russia
du_ksgqMO0M-00188-00047356-00047677 to fill his Janissary armies as a whole
du_ksgqMO0M-00189-00047678-00047877 the system began to break down the
du_ksgqMO0M-00190-00047878-00048058 loyalty of the Janissaries became
du_ksgqMO0M-00191-00048059-00048221 increasingly suspect
du_ksgqMO0M-00192-00048222-00048529 Mahmood ii forcibly disbanded the
du_ksgqMO0M-00193-00048530-00048826 Janissary Corps in 1826 similar to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00194-00048827-00049012 Janissaries in origin and means of
du_ksgqMO0M-00195-00049013-00049227 development with a Mamluks of Egypt in
du_ksgqMO0M-00196-00049228-00049510 the Middle Ages the Mamluks were usually
du_ksgqMO0M-00197-00049511-00049765 captive non-muslim Iranian and Turkish
du_ksgqMO0M-00198-00049766-00049942 children who had been kidnapped or
du_ksgqMO0M-00199-00049943-00050177 bought as slaves from the Barbary Coast
du_ksgqMO0M-00200-00050178-00050464 the Egyptians assimilated and trained
du_ksgqMO0M-00201-00050465-00050683 the boys and young men to become Islamic
du_ksgqMO0M-00202-00050684-00050899 soldiers who served the Muslim caliphs
du_ksgqMO0M-00203-00050900-00051090 and the I ubud Sultan's during the
du_ksgqMO0M-00204-00051091-00051417 Middle Ages the first Mamluks served the
du_ksgqMO0M-00205-00051419-00051661 Abbasid caliphs in 9th century baghdad
du_ksgqMO0M-00206-00051662-00051907 over time they became a powerful
du_ksgqMO0M-00207-00051908-00052138 military caste on more than one occasion
du_ksgqMO0M-00208-00052139-00052435 they seized power for example ruling
du_ksgqMO0M-00209-00052436-00052972 Egypt from 1250 to 1517 from 1250 Egypt
du_ksgqMO0M-00210-00052973-00053188 had been ruled by the bari dynasty of
du_ksgqMO0M-00211-00053189-00053517 Kipchak origin slaves from the caucasus
du_ksgqMO0M-00212-00053519-00053710 served in the army informed an elite
du_ksgqMO0M-00213-00053711-00054034 corp of troops they eventually revolted
du_ksgqMO0M-00214-00054035-00054306 in egypt to form the Bergy dynasty the
du_ksgqMO0M-00215-00054307-00054504 Mamluks excellent fighting abilities
du_ksgqMO0M-00216-00054505-00054748 masked Islamic armies and overwhelming
du_ksgqMO0M-00217-00054749-00054930 numbers succeeded in overcoming the
du_ksgqMO0M-00218-00054932-00055135 Christian Crusader fortresses in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00219-00055136-00055407 Holy Land the Mamluks were the most
du_ksgqMO0M-00220-00055408-00055621 successful defense against the Mongol
du_ksgqMO0M-00221-00055622-00055810 ilkhanate of Persia in Iraq from
du_ksgqMO0M-00222-00055811-00056019 entering Egypt on the western coast of
du_ksgqMO0M-00223-00056020-00056217 Africa Berber Muslims captured
du_ksgqMO0M-00224-00056219-00056448 non-muslims to put to work as laborers
du_ksgqMO0M-00225-00056449-00056719 they generally converted the younger
du_ksgqMO0M-00226-00056720-00056931 people to Islam and many became quite
du_ksgqMO0M-00227-00056932-00057259 assimilated in Morocco the Berber looked
du_ksgqMO0M-00228-00057260-00057511 south rather than north the Moroccan
du_ksgqMO0M-00229-00057512-00057754 Sultan mullah Ishmael called the
du_ksgqMO0M-00230-00057754-00058240 bloodthirsty 1672 217 27 employed a
du_ksgqMO0M-00231-00058241-00058579 corps of 150,000 black slaves called his
du_ksgqMO0M-00232-00058579-00058863 Black Guard he used him to coerce the
du_ksgqMO0M-00233-00058864-00059457 country into submission
du_ksgqMO0M-00234-00059458-00060024 topic in modern times
du_ksgqMO0M-00235-00060025-00060291 modern conscription the masked military
du_ksgqMO0M-00236-00060291-00060498 enlistment of national citizens was
du_ksgqMO0M-00237-00060499-00060723 devised during the French Revolution to
du_ksgqMO0M-00238-00060724-00060915 enable the Republic to defend itself
du_ksgqMO0M-00239-00060916-00061175 from the attacks of European monarchies
du_ksgqMO0M-00240-00061176-00061437 deputy jean-baptiste jordan gave its
du_ksgqMO0M-00241-00061438-00061734 name to the 5th of september 1798 act
du_ksgqMO0M-00242-00061735-00062049 whose first article stated any frenchman
du_ksgqMO0M-00243-00062050-00062271 is a soldier and owes himself to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00244-00062272-00062610 defense of the nation it enabled the
du_ksgqMO0M-00245-00062611-00062799 creation of the Grande armée what
du_ksgqMO0M-00246-00062800-00062976 napoleon bonaparte called
du_ksgqMO0M-00247-00062977-00063282 the nation in arms which overwhelmed
du_ksgqMO0M-00248-00063283-00063504 european professional armies that often
du_ksgqMO0M-00249-00063504-00063684 numbered only into the low tens of
du_ksgqMO0M-00250-00063685-00064067 thousands more than 2.6 million men were
du_ksgqMO0M-00251-00064069-00064269 inducted into the french military in
du_ksgqMO0M-00252-00064270-00064575 this way between the years 1800 and 1813
du_ksgqMO0M-00253-00064576-00064770 the defeat of the Prussian army in
du_ksgqMO0M-00254-00064771-00064916 particular shocked the Prussian
du_ksgqMO0M-00255-00064917-00065117 establishment which had believed it was
du_ksgqMO0M-00256-00065119-00065295 invincible after the victories of
du_ksgqMO0M-00257-00065296-00065562 Frederick the Great the Prussians were
du_ksgqMO0M-00258-00065563-00065766 used to relying on superior organization
du_ksgqMO0M-00259-00065767-00066048 and tactical factors such as order of
du_ksgqMO0M-00260-00066049-00066297 battle to focus superior troops against
du_ksgqMO0M-00261-00066298-00066603 inferior ones given approximately
du_ksgqMO0M-00262-00066604-00066813 equivalent forces as was generally the
du_ksgqMO0M-00263-00066814-00067020 case with professional armies these
du_ksgqMO0M-00264-00067021-00067292 factors showed considerable importance
du_ksgqMO0M-00265-00067293-00067581 however they became considerably less
du_ksgqMO0M-00266-00067582-00067785 important when the Prussian armies faced
du_ksgqMO0M-00267-00067786-00067977 forces that outnumbered their own in
du_ksgqMO0M-00268-00067978-00068243 some cases by more than ten to one
du_ksgqMO0M-00269-00068244-00068520 Scharnhorst advocated adopting the LaVey
du_ksgqMO0M-00270-00068521-00068760 on mass the military conscription used
du_ksgqMO0M-00271-00068761-00069057 by France the krumper system was the
du_ksgqMO0M-00272-00069058-00069231 beginning of short-term compulsory
du_ksgqMO0M-00273-00069232-00069450 service in Prussia as opposed to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00274-00069451-00069675 long term conscription previously used
du_ksgqMO0M-00275-00069676-00069882 in the Russian Empire the military
du_ksgqMO0M-00276-00069883-00070242 service time owed by serfs was 25 years
du_ksgqMO0M-00277-00070243-00070589 at the beginning of the 19th century in
du_ksgqMO0M-00278-00070590-00070956 1834 it was decreased to 20 years the
du_ksgqMO0M-00279-00070957-00071181 recruits were to be not younger than 17
du_ksgqMO0M-00280-00071182-00071610 and not older than 35 in 1874 Russia
du_ksgqMO0M-00281-00071611-00071850 introduced Universal conscription in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00282-00071851-00072063 modern pattern an innovation only made
du_ksgqMO0M-00283-00072064-00072282 possible by the abolition of serfdom in
du_ksgqMO0M-00284-00072283-00072666 1861 new military law decreed that all
du_ksgqMO0M-00285-00072667-00072876 male Russian subjects when they reached
du_ksgqMO0M-00286-00072877-00073110 the age of 20 were eligible to serve in
du_ksgqMO0M-00287-00073111-00073290 the military for six years in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00288-00073291-00073392 decades prior to
du_ksgqMO0M-00289-00073393-00073563 World War one Universal conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00290-00073564-00073806 along broadly prussian lines became the
du_ksgqMO0M-00291-00073807-00073995 norm for european armies and those
du_ksgqMO0M-00292-00073996-00074328 modeled on them by 1914 the only
du_ksgqMO0M-00293-00074329-00074517 substantial armies still completely
du_ksgqMO0M-00294-00074518-00074742 dependent on voluntary enlistment were
du_ksgqMO0M-00295-00074743-00074975 those of britain in the united states
du_ksgqMO0M-00296-00074976-00075249 some colonial powers such as france
du_ksgqMO0M-00297-00075250-00075459 reserved their conscript armies for home
du_ksgqMO0M-00298-00075460-00075624 service while maintaining professional
du_ksgqMO0M-00299-00075625-00076328 units for overseas duties
du_ksgqMO0M-00300-00076329-00076837 Topic world wars
du_ksgqMO0M-00301-00076838-00077056 the range of eligible ages for
du_ksgqMO0M-00302-00077057-00077236 conscription was expanded to meet
du_ksgqMO0M-00303-00077237-00077584 national demand during the world wars in
du_ksgqMO0M-00304-00077585-00077800 the United States the Selective Service
du_ksgqMO0M-00305-00077801-00078067 System drafted men for World War one
du_ksgqMO0M-00306-00078068-00078331 initially in an age range from 21 to 30
du_ksgqMO0M-00307-00078332-00078649 but expanded its eligibility in 1918 to
du_ksgqMO0M-00308-00078650-00079021 an age range of 18 to 45 in the case of
du_ksgqMO0M-00309-00079022-00079243 a widespread mobilization of forces
du_ksgqMO0M-00310-00079244-00079459 where service includes homefront defense
du_ksgqMO0M-00311-00079460-00079711 ages of conscripts may range much higher
du_ksgqMO0M-00312-00079712-00079924 with the oldest conscripts serving in
du_ksgqMO0M-00313-00079925-00080272 roles requiring lesser mobility expanded
du_ksgqMO0M-00314-00080273-00080473 age conscription was common during the
du_ksgqMO0M-00315-00080474-00080686 Second World War in Britain it was
du_ksgqMO0M-00316-00080687-00081022 commonly known as call-up and extended
du_ksgqMO0M-00317-00081023-00081334 to age 51 Nazi Germany termed it
du_ksgqMO0M-00318-00081335-00081676 Volkssturm people's storm and included
du_ksgqMO0M-00319-00081677-00081907 children as young as 16 and men as old
du_ksgqMO0M-00320-00081908-00082255 as 60 during the Second World War both
du_ksgqMO0M-00321-00082256-00082471 Britain and the Soviet Union conscripted
du_ksgqMO0M-00322-00082472-00082792 women the United States was on the verge
du_ksgqMO0M-00323-00082793-00082960 of drafting women into the Nurse Corps
du_ksgqMO0M-00324-00082961-00083194 because it anticipated it would need the
du_ksgqMO0M-00325-00083195-00083386 extra personnel for its planned invasion
du_ksgqMO0M-00326-00083387-00083686 of Japan however the Japanese
du_ksgqMO0M-00327-00083687-00084379 surrendered and the idea was abandoned
du_ksgqMO0M-00328-00084380-00084965 topic arguments against conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00329-00084966-00085409 you
du_ksgqMO0M-00330-00085410-00085965 topic gender-based
du_ksgqMO0M-00331-00085966-00086179 feminists and other opponents of
du_ksgqMO0M-00332-00086180-00086353 discrimination against men have
du_ksgqMO0M-00333-00086354-00086566 criticized military conscription or
du_ksgqMO0M-00334-00086567-00086928 compulsory military service as sexist
du_ksgqMO0M-00335-00086929-00087160 feminists have argued that military
du_ksgqMO0M-00336-00087161-00087361 conscription is sexist because walls
du_ksgqMO0M-00337-00087362-00087547 serve the interests of what they view as
du_ksgqMO0M-00338-00087548-00087796 the patriarchy the military is a sexist
du_ksgqMO0M-00339-00087797-00087996 institution conscripts are therefore
du_ksgqMO0M-00340-00087997-00088269 indoctrinated in sexism and conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00341-00088270-00088500 of men normalizes violence by men as
du_ksgqMO0M-00342-00088501-00088810 socially acceptable feminists have been
du_ksgqMO0M-00343-00088811-00089059 organizes and participants in resistance
du_ksgqMO0M-00344-00089060-00089243 to conscription in several countries
du_ksgqMO0M-00345-00089244-00089469 historically only men have been
du_ksgqMO0M-00346-00089470-00089767 subjected to conscription men who opted
du_ksgqMO0M-00347-00089768-00089974 out of military service must often
du_ksgqMO0M-00348-00089975-00090192 perform alternative service such as
du_ksgqMO0M-00349-00090193-00090369 civil Dienst in Austria and Switzerland
du_ksgqMO0M-00350-00090370-00090565 whereas women do not have these
du_ksgqMO0M-00351-00090566-00091161 obligations
du_ksgqMO0M-00352-00091162-00091767 topic involuntary servitude
du_ksgqMO0M-00353-00091768-00091981 American libertarians opposed
du_ksgqMO0M-00354-00091982-00092152 conscription and call for the abolition
du_ksgqMO0M-00355-00092153-00092328 of the Selective Service System
du_ksgqMO0M-00356-00092329-00092503 believing that impressment of
du_ksgqMO0M-00357-00092504-00092757 individuals into the Armed Forces is
du_ksgqMO0M-00358-00092758-00093127 involuntary servitude Ron Paul a former
du_ksgqMO0M-00359-00093128-00093304 presidential nominee of the u.s.
du_ksgqMO0M-00360-00093305-00093484 Libertarian Party has said that
du_ksgqMO0M-00361-00093485-00093766 conscription is wrongly associated with
du_ksgqMO0M-00362-00093767-00094015 patriotism when it really represents
du_ksgqMO0M-00363-00094016-00094381 slavery and involuntary servitude the
du_ksgqMO0M-00364-00094382-00094621 philosopher Iran deposed conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00365-00094622-00094873 suggesting that of all the statist
du_ksgqMO0M-00366-00094874-00095116 violations of individual rights in a
du_ksgqMO0M-00367-00095117-00095362 mixed economy the military draft is the
du_ksgqMO0M-00368-00095363-00095797 worst it is an abrogation of Rights it
du_ksgqMO0M-00369-00095798-00096028 negates man's fundamental right the
du_ksgqMO0M-00370-00096029-00096364 right to life and establishes the
du_ksgqMO0M-00371-00096365-00096616 fundamental principle of statism that a
du_ksgqMO0M-00372-00096617-00096862 man's life belongs to the state and the
du_ksgqMO0M-00373-00096863-00097069 state may claim it by compelling him to
du_ksgqMO0M-00374-00097070-00097540 sacrifice it in battle in 1917 a number
du_ksgqMO0M-00375-00097541-00097753 of radicals and anarchists including
du_ksgqMO0M-00376-00097754-00097948 Emma Goldman challenged the new draft
du_ksgqMO0M-00377-00097949-00098176 law in federal court arguing that it was
du_ksgqMO0M-00378-00098177-00098371 a direct violation of the thirteenth
du_ksgqMO0M-00379-00098372-00098569 amendments prohibition against slavery
du_ksgqMO0M-00380-00098570-00098908 and involuntary servitude however the
du_ksgqMO0M-00381-00098909-00099130 Supreme Court unanimously upheld the
du_ksgqMO0M-00382-00099131-00099355 constitutionality of the draft act in
du_ksgqMO0M-00383-00099356-00099694 the case of arvo V United States on the
du_ksgqMO0M-00384-00099695-00100033 7th of January 1918 the decision said
du_ksgqMO0M-00385-00100034-00100255 the Constitution gave Congress the power
du_ksgqMO0M-00386-00100256-00100456 to declare war and to raise and support
du_ksgqMO0M-00387-00100457-00100762 armies the Court emphasized the
du_ksgqMO0M-00388-00100763-00100960 principle of the reciprocal rights and
du_ksgqMO0M-00389-00100961-00101109 duties of citizens
du_ksgqMO0M-00390-00101110-00101359 it may not be doubted that the very
du_ksgqMO0M-00391-00101360-00101560 conception of a just government in its
du_ksgqMO0M-00392-00101561-00101746 duty to the citizen includes the
du_ksgqMO0M-00393-00101747-00101965 reciprocal obligation of the citizen to
du_ksgqMO0M-00394-00101966-00102178 render military service in case of need
du_ksgqMO0M-00395-00102179-00102797 in the right to compel
du_ksgqMO0M-00396-00102798-00103323 topic economic
du_ksgqMO0M-00397-00103324-00103551 it can be argued that in a cost to
du_ksgqMO0M-00398-00103552-00103739 benefit ratio conscription during
du_ksgqMO0M-00399-00103740-00104078 peacetime is not worthwhile months or
du_ksgqMO0M-00400-00104079-00104267 years of service performed by the most
du_ksgqMO0M-00401-00104268-00104451 fit and capable subtract from the
du_ksgqMO0M-00402-00104452-00104669 productivity of the economy add to this
du_ksgqMO0M-00403-00104670-00104852 the cost of training them and in some
du_ksgqMO0M-00404-00104853-00105113 countries paying them compared to these
du_ksgqMO0M-00405-00105114-00105348 extensive costs some would argue there
du_ksgqMO0M-00406-00105349-00105560 is very little benefit if there ever was
du_ksgqMO0M-00407-00105561-00105752 a war then conscription and basic
du_ksgqMO0M-00408-00105753-00105924 training could be completed quickly and
du_ksgqMO0M-00409-00105925-00106143 in any case there is little threat of a
du_ksgqMO0M-00410-00106144-00106358 war in most countries with conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00411-00106359-00106698 in the United States every male resident
du_ksgqMO0M-00412-00106699-00106896 is required by law to register with the
du_ksgqMO0M-00413-00106897-00107124 Selective Service System within 30 days
du_ksgqMO0M-00414-00107125-00107339 following his 18th birthday and be
du_ksgqMO0M-00415-00107340-00107538 available for a draft this is often
du_ksgqMO0M-00416-00107539-00107729 accomplished automatically by a motor
du_ksgqMO0M-00417-00107730-00107970 vehicle department during licensing or
du_ksgqMO0M-00418-00107971-00108288 by voter registration the cost of
du_ksgqMO0M-00419-00108289-00108483 conscription can be related to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00420-00108483-00108635 parable of the broken window in
du_ksgqMO0M-00421-00108636-00108965 anti-draft arguments the cost of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00422-00108966-00109214 work military service does not disappear
du_ksgqMO0M-00423-00109215-00109506 even if no salary is paid the work
du_ksgqMO0M-00424-00109507-00109713 effort of the conscripts is effectively
du_ksgqMO0M-00425-00109714-00109923 wasted as an unwilling workforce is
du_ksgqMO0M-00426-00109924-00110226 extremely inefficient the impact is
du_ksgqMO0M-00427-00110227-00110435 especially severe in war time when
du_ksgqMO0M-00428-00110436-00110625 civilian professionals are forced to
du_ksgqMO0M-00429-00110626-00110933 fight as amateur soldiers not only is
du_ksgqMO0M-00430-00110934-00111144 the work effort of the conscripts wasted
du_ksgqMO0M-00431-00111145-00111381 and productivity lost but professionally
du_ksgqMO0M-00432-00111382-00111588 skilled conscripts are also difficult to
du_ksgqMO0M-00433-00111589-00111906 replace in the civilian workforce every
du_ksgqMO0M-00434-00111907-00112136 soldier conscripted in the army is taken
du_ksgqMO0M-00435-00112138-00112344 away from his civilian work and away
du_ksgqMO0M-00436-00112345-00112535 from contributing to the economy which
du_ksgqMO0M-00437-00112536-00112814 funds the military this may be less a
du_ksgqMO0M-00438-00112815-00112991 problem in an agrarian or pre
du_ksgqMO0M-00439-00112992-00113199 industrialized state where the level of
du_ksgqMO0M-00440-00113200-00113418 education is generally low and where a
du_ksgqMO0M-00441-00113419-00113633 worker is easily replaced by another
du_ksgqMO0M-00442-00113633-00113954 however this is potentially more costly
du_ksgqMO0M-00443-00113955-00114164 in a post-industrial society where
du_ksgqMO0M-00444-00114165-00114353 educational levels are high and where
du_ksgqMO0M-00445-00114354-00114558 the workforce is sophisticated and a
du_ksgqMO0M-00446-00114558-00114776 replacement for a conscripted specialist
du_ksgqMO0M-00447-00114777-00115111 is difficult to find even dire economic
du_ksgqMO0M-00448-00115113-00115356 consequences result if the professional
du_ksgqMO0M-00449-00115357-00115548 conscripted as an amateur soldier is
du_ksgqMO0M-00450-00115549-00115746 killed or maimed for life his work
du_ksgqMO0M-00451-00115747-00116453 effort and productivity are lost
du_ksgqMO0M-00452-00116454-00117086 topic arguments in favor of conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00453-00117088-00117529 you
du_ksgqMO0M-00454-00117530-00118173 topic political and moral motives
du_ksgqMO0M-00455-00118174-00118386 jean-jacques rousseau argued vehemently
du_ksgqMO0M-00456-00118388-00118645 against professional armies believing
du_ksgqMO0M-00457-00118646-00118813 that it was the right and privilege of
du_ksgqMO0M-00458-00118814-00119005 every citizen to participate to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00459-00119006-00119208 defense of the whole society and the
du_ksgqMO0M-00460-00119209-00119392 mark of moral declined to leave this
du_ksgqMO0M-00461-00119393-00119698 business to professionals he based this
du_ksgqMO0M-00462-00119699-00119920 belief upon the development of the Roman
du_ksgqMO0M-00463-00119921-00120118 Republic which came to an end at the
du_ksgqMO0M-00464-00120119-00120340 same time as the Roman army changed from
du_ksgqMO0M-00465-00120341-00120576 a conscript to professional force
du_ksgqMO0M-00466-00120577-00120858 similarly Aristotle linked the division
du_ksgqMO0M-00467-00120859-00121042 of armed service among the populace
du_ksgqMO0M-00468-00121043-00121240 intimately with the political order of
du_ksgqMO0M-00469-00121241-00121329 the state
du_ksgqMO0M-00470-00121330-00121615 niccolò machiavelli argued strongly for
du_ksgqMO0M-00471-00121616-00121809 conscription seeing the professional
du_ksgqMO0M-00472-00121810-00121986 armies is the cause of the failure of
du_ksgqMO0M-00473-00121988-00122353 societal unity in Italy other proponents
du_ksgqMO0M-00474-00122354-00122602 such as William James consider both
du_ksgqMO0M-00475-00122603-00122851 mandatory military and national services
du_ksgqMO0M-00476-00122852-00123052 ways of instilling maturity in young
du_ksgqMO0M-00477-00123053-00123403 adults some proponents such as jonathan
du_ksgqMO0M-00478-00123404-00123649 alter and Mickey cows support a draft in
du_ksgqMO0M-00479-00123650-00123820 order to reinforce social equality
du_ksgqMO0M-00480-00123821-00124090 create social consciousness break down
du_ksgqMO0M-00481-00124091-00124291 class divisions and for young adults to
du_ksgqMO0M-00482-00124292-00124559 immerse themselves in public enterprise
du_ksgqMO0M-00483-00124560-00124768 Charles Rangel called for the
du_ksgqMO0M-00484-00124769-00124966 reinstatement of the draft during the
du_ksgqMO0M-00485-00124967-00125179 Iraq war not because he seriously
du_ksgqMO0M-00486-00125180-00125419 expected it to be adopted but to stress
du_ksgqMO0M-00487-00125420-00125634 how the socio-economic reese traffic
du_ksgqMO0M-00488-00125635-00125833 ation meant that very few children of
du_ksgqMO0M-00489-00125833-00126022 upper-class Americans served in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00490-00126023-00126747 all-volunteer American Armed Forces
du_ksgqMO0M-00491-00126748-00127366 topic economic and resource efficiency
du_ksgqMO0M-00492-00127367-00127647 it is estimated by the British military
du_ksgqMO0M-00493-00127648-00127857 that in a professional military a
du_ksgqMO0M-00494-00127858-00128060 company deployed for active duty in
du_ksgqMO0M-00495-00128061-00128264 peacekeeping corresponds to three
du_ksgqMO0M-00496-00128265-00128583 inactive companies at home salaries for
du_ksgqMO0M-00497-00128583-00128840 each of paid from the military budget in
du_ksgqMO0M-00498-00128841-00129059 contrast volunteers from a trained
du_ksgqMO0M-00499-00129060-00129278 reserver in the civilian jobs when they
du_ksgqMO0M-00500-00129279-00129495 are not deployed it was more financially
du_ksgqMO0M-00501-00129496-00129686 beneficial for less educated young
du_ksgqMO0M-00502-00129688-00129957 Portuguese men born in 1967 to
du_ksgqMO0M-00503-00129958-00130197 participate in conscription as opposed
du_ksgqMO0M-00504-00130198-00130371 to participating in the highly
du_ksgqMO0M-00505-00130372-00130581 competitive job market with men of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00506-00130582-00130782 same age who continued through to higher
du_ksgqMO0M-00507-00130783-00131388 education
du_ksgqMO0M-00508-00131389-00132050 topic drafting of women traditionally
du_ksgqMO0M-00509-00132051-00132273 conscription has been limited to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00510-00132274-00132591 male population of a given body women
du_ksgqMO0M-00511-00132592-00132798 and disabled men have been exempt from
du_ksgqMO0M-00512-00132799-00133050 conscription many societies have
du_ksgqMO0M-00513-00133051-00133245 considered and continued to consider
du_ksgqMO0M-00514-00133246-00133464 military service as a test of manhood
du_ksgqMO0M-00515-00133465-00133701 and a rite of passage from boyhood into
du_ksgqMO0M-00516-00133702-00133968 manhood as of 2013 countries that were
du_ksgqMO0M-00517-00133969-00134157 actively drafting women into military
du_ksgqMO0M-00518-00134158-00134568 service included Bolivia Chad Eritrea
du_ksgqMO0M-00519-00134569-00134946 Israel Mozambique and North Korea Israel
du_ksgqMO0M-00520-00134947-00135168 has universal female conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00521-00135169-00135363 although in practice women can avoid
du_ksgqMO0M-00522-00135364-00135540 service by claiming a religious
du_ksgqMO0M-00523-00135541-00135771 exemption and over 1/3 of Israeli women
du_ksgqMO0M-00524-00135772-00135975 do so Sudanese law allows for
du_ksgqMO0M-00525-00135976-00136194 conscription of women that this is not
du_ksgqMO0M-00526-00136195-00136512 implemented in practice in the United
du_ksgqMO0M-00527-00136513-00136766 Kingdom during World War two beginning
du_ksgqMO0M-00528-00136767-00137034 in 1941 women were brought into the
du_ksgqMO0M-00529-00137035-00137238 scope of conscription that as all women
du_ksgqMO0M-00530-00137239-00137460 with dependent children were exempt and
du_ksgqMO0M-00531-00137461-00137643 many women were informally left in
du_ksgqMO0M-00532-00137644-00137828 occupations such as nursing or teaching
du_ksgqMO0M-00533-00137829-00138078 the number conscripted was relatively
du_ksgqMO0M-00534-00138079-00138390 few after a law passed in March 2003
du_ksgqMO0M-00535-00138391-00138669 Tunisia became the first arab country to
du_ksgqMO0M-00536-00138670-00139050 universally conscript women in 2015
du_ksgqMO0M-00537-00139051-00139293 norway introduced female conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00538-00139294-00139500 making it the first NATO member and
du_ksgqMO0M-00539-00139501-00139734 first European country to have a legally
du_ksgqMO0M-00540-00139735-00139968 compulsory national service for both men
du_ksgqMO0M-00541-00139969-00140283 and women in practice only motivated
du_ksgqMO0M-00542-00140284-00140493 volunteers are selected to join the army
du_ksgqMO0M-00543-00140494-00140763 in Norway in the USSR there was no
du_ksgqMO0M-00544-00140764-00140978 systematic conscription of women for the
du_ksgqMO0M-00545-00140979-00141203 Armed Forces but the severe disruption
du_ksgqMO0M-00546-00141204-00141402 of normal life and the high proportion
du_ksgqMO0M-00547-00141403-00141621 of civilians affected by world war two
du_ksgqMO0M-00548-00141622-00141858 after the German invasion attracted many
du_ksgqMO0M-00549-00141859-00142103 volunteers for what was termed the Great
du_ksgqMO0M-00550-00142104-00142419 Patriotic War medical doctors of both
du_ksgqMO0M-00551-00142420-00142632 sexes could and would be conscripted as
du_ksgqMO0M-00552-00142633-00142998 offices also the Soviet University
du_ksgqMO0M-00553-00142999-00143240 education system required Department of
du_ksgqMO0M-00554-00143241-00143439 Chemistry students of both sexes to
du_ksgqMO0M-00555-00143440-00143751 complete an ROTC course in NBC defense
du_ksgqMO0M-00556-00143752-00143994 and such female reservists offices could
du_ksgqMO0M-00557-00143995-00144227 be conscripted in times of war the
du_ksgqMO0M-00558-00144228-00144507 United States came close to drafting
du_ksgqMO0M-00559-00144508-00144651 women into the Nurse Corps in
du_ksgqMO0M-00560-00144652-00144722 preparation
du_ksgqMO0M-00561-00144723-00145015 for a planned invasion of Japan in 1981
du_ksgqMO0M-00562-00145016-00145256 in the United States several men filed
du_ksgqMO0M-00563-00145257-00145591 lawsuit in the case Rosco V Goldberg
du_ksgqMO0M-00564-00145592-00145804 alleging that the Selective Service Act
du_ksgqMO0M-00565-00145805-00146087 of 1948 violates the Due Process Clause
du_ksgqMO0M-00566-00146088-00146321 of the Fifth Amendment by requiring that
du_ksgqMO0M-00567-00146322-00146491 only men register with the Selective
du_ksgqMO0M-00568-00146492-00146890 Service System SSS the Supreme Court
du_ksgqMO0M-00569-00146891-00147125 eventually upheld the Act stating that
du_ksgqMO0M-00570-00147126-00147383 the argument for registering women was
du_ksgqMO0M-00571-00147384-00147656 based on considerations of equity but
du_ksgqMO0M-00572-00147657-00147928 Congress was entitled in the exercise of
du_ksgqMO0M-00573-00147929-00148196 its constitutional powers to focus on
du_ksgqMO0M-00574-00148197-00148400 the question of military need rather
du_ksgqMO0M-00575-00148401-00148862 than equity on October 1st 1999 in
du_ksgqMO0M-00576-00148863-00149104 Taiwan the judicial yuan of the Republic
du_ksgqMO0M-00577-00149105-00149404 of China in its interpretation 490
du_ksgqMO0M-00578-00149405-00149594 considered that the physical differences
du_ksgqMO0M-00579-00149595-00149815 between males and females in the derived
du_ksgqMO0M-00580-00149816-00150014 role differentiation in their respective
du_ksgqMO0M-00581-00150015-00150221 social functions and lives would not
du_ksgqMO0M-00582-00150222-00150454 make drafting only males a violation of
du_ksgqMO0M-00583-00150455-00150635 the Constitution of the Republic of
du_ksgqMO0M-00584-00150636-00150904 China though women are not conscripted
du_ksgqMO0M-00585-00150905-00151722 in Taiwan transsexual persons are exempt
du_ksgqMO0M-00586-00151723-00152363 topic conscientious objection
du_ksgqMO0M-00587-00152364-00152585 a conscientious objector is an
du_ksgqMO0M-00588-00152586-00152789 individual whose personal beliefs are
du_ksgqMO0M-00589-00152790-00152996 incompatible with military service or
du_ksgqMO0M-00590-00152997-00153212 more often with any role in the Armed
du_ksgqMO0M-00591-00153213-00153266 Forces
du_ksgqMO0M-00592-00153267-00153551 in some countries conscientious
du_ksgqMO0M-00593-00153552-00153722 objectors have special legal status
du_ksgqMO0M-00594-00153723-00154006 which augments their conscription duties
du_ksgqMO0M-00595-00154007-00154325 for example Sweden used to allow and
du_ksgqMO0M-00596-00154326-00154523 once again with the reintroduction of
du_ksgqMO0M-00597-00154524-00154727 conscription allows conscientious
du_ksgqMO0M-00598-00154728-00154919 objectors to choose a service in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00599-00154920-00155258 weapons-free branch such as an airport
du_ksgqMO0M-00600-00155259-00155503 fireman nurse or telecommunications
du_ksgqMO0M-00601-00155504-00155822 technician the reasons for refusing to
du_ksgqMO0M-00602-00155823-00156086 serve are varied some conscientious
du_ksgqMO0M-00603-00156087-00156303 objectors are so for religious reasons
du_ksgqMO0M-00604-00156304-00156557 notably the members of the historic
du_ksgqMO0M-00605-00156558-00156778 peace churches pacifist by doctrine
du_ksgqMO0M-00606-00156779-00157001 Jehovah's Witnesses while not strictly
du_ksgqMO0M-00607-00157002-00157256 pacifists refused to participate in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00608-00157257-00157418 Armed Forces on the ground that they
du_ksgqMO0M-00609-00157419-00157610 believe Christians should be neutral in
du_ksgqMO0M-00610-00157611-00158785 worldly conflicts topic by country
du_ksgqMO0M-00611-00158786-00159134 you
du_ksgqMO0M-00612-00159135-00159827 topic China Universal conscription in
du_ksgqMO0M-00613-00159828-00160031 China dates back to the state of Qin
du_ksgqMO0M-00614-00160032-00160250 which eventually became the Qin Empire
du_ksgqMO0M-00615-00160251-00160637 of 221 BC following unification
du_ksgqMO0M-00616-00160638-00160894 historical records show that a total of
du_ksgqMO0M-00617-00160895-00161234 300,000 conscript soldiers and 500,000
du_ksgqMO0M-00618-00161235-00161444 conscript laborers constructed the Great
du_ksgqMO0M-00619-00161445-00161675 Wall of China in the following dynasties
du_ksgqMO0M-00620-00161676-00161933 Universal conscription was abolished and
du_ksgqMO0M-00621-00161934-00162299 reintroduced on numerous occasions as of
du_ksgqMO0M-00622-00162300-00162605 2011 Universal military conscription is
du_ksgqMO0M-00623-00162606-00162803 theoretically mandatory in the People's
du_ksgqMO0M-00624-00162804-00163072 Republic of China and reinforced by law
du_ksgqMO0M-00625-00163073-00163388 however due to the large population of
du_ksgqMO0M-00626-00163389-00163574 China and large pool of candidates
du_ksgqMO0M-00627-00163575-00163787 available for recruitment the People's
du_ksgqMO0M-00628-00163788-00163964 Liberation Army has always had
du_ksgqMO0M-00629-00163965-00164195 sufficient volunteers so conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00630-00164196-00164907 has not been required in practice at all
du_ksgqMO0M-00631-00164908-00165377 topic Europe
du_ksgqMO0M-00632-00165378-00165722 you
du_ksgqMO0M-00633-00165723-00166205 topic Austria
du_ksgqMO0M-00634-00166206-00166448 every male citizen of the Republic of
du_ksgqMO0M-00635-00166449-00166697 Austria up to the age of 35 can be
du_ksgqMO0M-00636-00166698-00166919 drafted for a six-month long basic
du_ksgqMO0M-00637-00166920-00167204 military training in the bun - ear for
du_ksgqMO0M-00638-00167205-00167420 men refusing to undergo this training a
du_ksgqMO0M-00639-00167421-00167663 nine-month lasting community service is
du_ksgqMO0M-00640-00167664-00168204 mandatory
du_ksgqMO0M-00641-00168205-00168677 topic Belgium
du_ksgqMO0M-00642-00168678-00168931 Belgium abolished the conscription in
du_ksgqMO0M-00643-00168932-00169277 1994 the last conscripts left active
du_ksgqMO0M-00644-00169278-00169627 service in February 1995 to this day
du_ksgqMO0M-00645-00169628-00169928 2019 a strong minority of the Belgian
du_ksgqMO0M-00646-00169929-00170189 citizens especially in Flanders supports
du_ksgqMO0M-00647-00170190-00170393 the idea of reintroducing military
du_ksgqMO0M-00648-00170394-00171070 conscription for both men and women
du_ksgqMO0M-00649-00171071-00171573 topic Bulgaria
du_ksgqMO0M-00650-00171574-00171816 Bulgaria had mandatory military service
du_ksgqMO0M-00651-00171817-00172104 for males above 18 until conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00652-00172105-00172471 was ended in 2008 due to a shortfall in
du_ksgqMO0M-00653-00172472-00172677 the army of some five thousand five
du_ksgqMO0M-00654-00172678-00172885 hundred soldiers parts of the current
du_ksgqMO0M-00655-00172886-00173071 ruling coalition have expressed their
du_ksgqMO0M-00656-00173072-00173233 support for the return of mandatory
du_ksgqMO0M-00657-00173234-00173506 military service most notably Krass Amir
du_ksgqMO0M-00658-00173507-00173800 caricature love opposition towards this
du_ksgqMO0M-00659-00173801-00174049 idea from the main coalition partner GE
du_ksgqMO0M-00660-00174050-00174310 RB has seen a compromise where instead
du_ksgqMO0M-00661-00174311-00174552 of mandatory military service Bulgaria
du_ksgqMO0M-00662-00174553-00174748 could possibly introduce a voluntary
du_ksgqMO0M-00663-00174749-00175006 military service by 2019 where young
du_ksgqMO0M-00664-00175007-00175222 citizens can volunteer for a period of
du_ksgqMO0M-00665-00175223-00175416 six to nine months and will receive a
du_ksgqMO0M-00666-00175417-00175989 basic wage
du_ksgqMO0M-00667-00175990-00176661 topic Cyprus military service in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00668-00176662-00176877 Cypriot national guard is mandatory for
du_ksgqMO0M-00669-00176878-00177078 all male citizens of the Republic of
du_ksgqMO0M-00670-00177079-00177333 Cyprus as well as any male non-citizens
du_ksgqMO0M-00671-00177334-00177519 born of a parent of Greek Cypriot
du_ksgqMO0M-00672-00177520-00177759 descent lasting from the January 1st of
du_ksgqMO0M-00673-00177760-00177951 the year in which they turn 18 years of
du_ksgqMO0M-00674-00177952-00178221 age to December 31st of the year in
du_ksgqMO0M-00675-00178222-00178548 which they turn 50 all male residents of
du_ksgqMO0M-00676-00178549-00178803 Cyprus who are of military age 16 and
du_ksgqMO0M-00677-00178804-00179028 over are required to obtain an exit visa
du_ksgqMO0M-00678-00179029-00179337 from the Ministry of Defence currently
du_ksgqMO0M-00679-00179338-00179631 military conscription in Cyprus lasts 14
du_ksgqMO0M-00680-00179632-00180108 months
du_ksgqMO0M-00681-00180109-00180592 topic Denmark
du_ksgqMO0M-00682-00180593-00180853 conscription is known in Denmark since
du_ksgqMO0M-00683-00180854-00181057 the Viking Age where one man out of
du_ksgqMO0M-00684-00181058-00181263 every ten had to serve the King
du_ksgqMO0M-00685-00181264-00181525 Frederick the fourth of Denmark changed
du_ksgqMO0M-00686-00181526-00181891 the law in 1710 to every fourth man the
du_ksgqMO0M-00687-00181892-00182098 men were chosen by the landowner and it
du_ksgqMO0M-00688-00182099-00182443 was seen as a penalty since the 12th of
du_ksgqMO0M-00689-00182444-00182749 February 18-49 every physically fit man
du_ksgqMO0M-00690-00182750-00183061 must do military service according to
du_ksgqMO0M-00691-00183062-00183274 Section 81 in the Constitution of
du_ksgqMO0M-00692-00183275-00183556 Denmark which was promulgated in 18-49
du_ksgqMO0M-00693-00183557-00183766 every male person able to carry arms
du_ksgqMO0M-00694-00183767-00183966 shall be liable with his person to
du_ksgqMO0M-00695-00183967-00184120 contribute to the defense of his country
du_ksgqMO0M-00696-00184121-00184348 under such rules as are laid down by
du_ksgqMO0M-00697-00184349-00184624 statute Constitution of Denmark they
du_ksgqMO0M-00698-00184625-00184816 legislation about compulsory military
du_ksgqMO0M-00699-00184817-00185079 service is articulated in the Danish law
du_ksgqMO0M-00700-00185080-00185431 of conscription national service takes 4
du_ksgqMO0M-00701-00185432-00185734 to 12 months it is possible to postpone
du_ksgqMO0M-00702-00185735-00185950 the duty when one is still in full-time
du_ksgqMO0M-00703-00185951-00186286 education every male turning 18 will be
du_ksgqMO0M-00704-00186287-00186523 drafted to the day of Defence where they
du_ksgqMO0M-00705-00186524-00186676 will be introduced to the Danish
du_ksgqMO0M-00706-00186677-00186915 military in their health will be tested
du_ksgqMO0M-00707-00186916-00187132 physically unfit persons are not
du_ksgqMO0M-00708-00187133-00187396 required to do military service it is
du_ksgqMO0M-00709-00187397-00187645 only compulsory for men while women are
du_ksgqMO0M-00710-00187646-00187845 free to choose to join the Danish army
du_ksgqMO0M-00711-00187846-00188098 almost all of the men have been
du_ksgqMO0M-00712-00188099-00188482 volunteers in recent years 96.9% of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00713-00188483-00188665 total number of recruits having been
du_ksgqMO0M-00714-00188666-00188929 volunteers in the 2015 draft after
du_ksgqMO0M-00715-00188930-00189124 lottery one can become a conscientious
du_ksgqMO0M-00716-00189125-00189475 objector total objection refusal from
du_ksgqMO0M-00717-00189476-00189718 alternative civilian service results in
du_ksgqMO0M-00718-00189719-00189919 up to four months jail time according to
du_ksgqMO0M-00719-00189920-00190341 the law however in 2014 a Danish man who
du_ksgqMO0M-00720-00190342-00190537 signed up for the service and objected
du_ksgqMO0M-00721-00190538-00190897 later got only 14 days of home arrest in
du_ksgqMO0M-00722-00190898-00191089 many countries the act of desertion
du_ksgqMO0M-00723-00191090-00191329 objection after signing up is punished
du_ksgqMO0M-00724-00191330-00191509 harder than objecting the compulsory
du_ksgqMO0M-00725-00191510-00192056 service
du_ksgqMO0M-00726-00192057-00192538 topic Finland
du_ksgqMO0M-00727-00192539-00192793 conscription in Finland is part of a
du_ksgqMO0M-00728-00192794-00192982 general compulsion for national military
du_ksgqMO0M-00729-00192983-00193270 service for all adult males Finnish man
du_ksgqMO0M-00730-00193271-00193477 Poulos das Belleville issues Swedish
du_ksgqMO0M-00731-00193478-00193828 total furs vast Licht defined in the 127
du_ksgqMO0M-00732-00193829-00194130 section of the constitution of finland
du_ksgqMO0M-00733-00194131-00194338 conscription can take the form of
du_ksgqMO0M-00734-00194339-00194530 military or of civilian service
du_ksgqMO0M-00735-00194531-00194872 according to Finnish Defence Forces 2011
du_ksgqMO0M-00736-00194873-00195073 data slightly under 80 percent of
du_ksgqMO0M-00737-00195074-00195304 Finnish males turned 30 had entered and
du_ksgqMO0M-00738-00195305-00195607 finished the military service the number
du_ksgqMO0M-00739-00195608-00195838 of female volunteers to annually enter
du_ksgqMO0M-00740-00195839-00196021 armed service had stabilized at
du_ksgqMO0M-00741-00196022-00196428 approximately 300 the service period is
du_ksgqMO0M-00742-00196429-00196918 165 255 or 347 days for the
du_ksgqMO0M-00743-00196919-00197245 rank-and-file conscripts and 347 days
du_ksgqMO0M-00744-00197246-00197479 four conscripts trained as NCOs or
du_ksgqMO0M-00745-00197480-00197788 reserve officers the length of civilian
du_ksgqMO0M-00746-00197789-00198055 service is always 12 months those
du_ksgqMO0M-00747-00198056-00198256 electing to serve unarmed in duties
du_ksgqMO0M-00748-00198257-00198469 where unarmed service is possible serve
du_ksgqMO0M-00749-00198470-00198694 either 9 or 12 months depending on the
du_ksgqMO0M-00750-00198695-00198922 training any Finnish male citizen who
du_ksgqMO0M-00751-00198923-00199114 refuses to perform both military and
du_ksgqMO0M-00752-00199115-00199480 civilian service faces a penalty of 173
du_ksgqMO0M-00753-00199481-00199843 days in prison - any served days such
du_ksgqMO0M-00754-00199844-00200062 sentences are usually served fully in
du_ksgqMO0M-00755-00200063-00200341 prison with no parole Jehovah's
du_ksgqMO0M-00756-00200342-00200518 Witnesses are exempted in that they may
du_ksgqMO0M-00757-00200519-00200773 be granted a deferment of service for 3
du_ksgqMO0M-00758-00200774-00201004 years upon presentation of a certificate
du_ksgqMO0M-00759-00201005-00201172 from their congregations Minister
du_ksgqMO0M-00760-00201173-00201322 showing they are an active member of
du_ksgqMO0M-00761-00201323-00201622 that religious community providing they
du_ksgqMO0M-00762-00201623-00201835 are still an active member 3 years later
du_ksgqMO0M-00763-00201836-00202045 there is nothing to stop them getting a
du_ksgqMO0M-00764-00202046-00202333 further certificate in deferment the
du_ksgqMO0M-00765-00202334-00202558 inhabitants of the demilitarized åland
du_ksgqMO0M-00766-00202559-00202803 Islands are exempt from military service
du_ksgqMO0M-00767-00202804-00203179 by the conscription act of 1951 they are
du_ksgqMO0M-00768-00203180-00203395 however required to serve a time at a
du_ksgqMO0M-00769-00203396-00203649 local institution like the Coast Guard
du_ksgqMO0M-00770-00203650-00203923 however until such service has been
du_ksgqMO0M-00771-00203924-00204118 arranged they are freed from service
du_ksgqMO0M-00772-00204119-00204427 obligation the non-military service of
du_ksgqMO0M-00773-00204428-00204616 åland Islands has not been arranged
du_ksgqMO0M-00774-00204617-00204799 since the introduction of the act and
du_ksgqMO0M-00775-00204800-00205090 there are no plans to institute it the
du_ksgqMO0M-00776-00205091-00205296 inhabitants of åland Islands can also
du_ksgqMO0M-00777-00205298-00205521 volunteer for military service on the
du_ksgqMO0M-00778-00205523-00205903 mainland as of 1995 women are permitted
du_ksgqMO0M-00779-00205904-00206142 to serve on a voluntary basis and pursue
du_ksgqMO0M-00780-00206144-00206319 careers in the military after their
du_ksgqMO0M-00781-00206321-00206667 initial voluntary military service the
du_ksgqMO0M-00782-00206669-00206898 military service takes place in Finnish
du_ksgqMO0M-00783-00206900-00207085 Defence Forces or in the Finnish border
du_ksgqMO0M-00784-00207086-00207388 guard all services of the Finnish
du_ksgqMO0M-00785-00207389-00207615 Defence Forces train conscripts
du_ksgqMO0M-00786-00207616-00207832 however the border guard trains
du_ksgqMO0M-00787-00207833-00208096 conscripts only in land-based units not
du_ksgqMO0M-00788-00208096-00208300 in Coast Guard detachments or in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00789-00208301-00208600 border guard Air Wing civilian service
du_ksgqMO0M-00790-00208601-00208819 may take place in the civilian service
du_ksgqMO0M-00791-00208819-00209065 centre in lap in Java or in an accepted
du_ksgqMO0M-00792-00209066-00209302 nonprofit organization of educational
du_ksgqMO0M-00793-00209303-00209935 social or medical nature
du_ksgqMO0M-00794-00209936-00210556 topic Germany in both East and West
du_ksgqMO0M-00795-00210557-00210805 Germany military service was mandatory
du_ksgqMO0M-00796-00210806-00211129 for all male citizens with the end of
du_ksgqMO0M-00797-00211130-00211198 the Cold War
du_ksgqMO0M-00798-00211198-00211438 then reunified Germany drastically
du_ksgqMO0M-00799-00211439-00211756 reduced the size of its armed forces the
du_ksgqMO0M-00800-00211757-00211966 low demand for conscripts led to the
du_ksgqMO0M-00801-00211967-00212200 suspension of compulsory conscription in
du_ksgqMO0M-00802-00212201-00212527 2011 since then only volunteer
du_ksgqMO0M-00803-00212528-00213161 professionals serve in the Bundys where
du_ksgqMO0M-00804-00213162-00213917 topic Greece since 1914 Greece has had a
du_ksgqMO0M-00805-00213917-00214094 period of mandatory military service
du_ksgqMO0M-00806-00214094-00214348 lasting nine months for men between the
du_ksgqMO0M-00807-00214350-00214748 ages of 16 and 45 citizens discharged
du_ksgqMO0M-00808-00214748-00214948 from active service are normally placed
du_ksgqMO0M-00809-00214950-00215159 in the reserve and a subject to periodic
du_ksgqMO0M-00810-00215160-00215384 recalls of 1 to 10 days at irregular
du_ksgqMO0M-00811-00215385-00215617 intervals Universal conscription was
du_ksgqMO0M-00812-00215619-00215821 introduced in Greece during the military
du_ksgqMO0M-00813-00215823-00216107 reforms of 1909 although various forms
du_ksgqMO0M-00814-00216108-00216298 of selective conscription had been in
du_ksgqMO0M-00815-00216300-00216562 place earlier in more recent years
du_ksgqMO0M-00816-00216563-00216788 conscription was associated with the
du_ksgqMO0M-00817-00216789-00217010 state of general mobilization declared
du_ksgqMO0M-00818-00217011-00217348 on July 20th 1974 due to the crisis in
du_ksgqMO0M-00819-00217350-00217412 Cyprus
du_ksgqMO0M-00820-00217413-00217634 the mobilization was formally ended on
du_ksgqMO0M-00821-00217635-00218066 December 18 2002 the period of time that
du_ksgqMO0M-00822-00218067-00218285 a conscript is required to serve has
du_ksgqMO0M-00823-00218286-00218555 varied historically between 12 to 36
du_ksgqMO0M-00824-00218556-00218735 months depending on various factors
du_ksgqMO0M-00825-00218736-00218942 particular to the conscript and the
du_ksgqMO0M-00826-00218942-00219239 political situation although women are
du_ksgqMO0M-00827-00219240-00219413 accepted into the Greek army on a
du_ksgqMO0M-00828-00219414-00219638 voluntary basis they are not required to
du_ksgqMO0M-00829-00219639-00219977 enlist as men are soldiers receive no
du_ksgqMO0M-00830-00219978-00220184 health insurance but they are provided
du_ksgqMO0M-00831-00220185-00220361 medical support during their army
du_ksgqMO0M-00832-00220362-00220684 service including hospitalization costs
du_ksgqMO0M-00833-00220685-00221057 since 2009 Greece has mandatory military
du_ksgqMO0M-00834-00221058-00221312 service of nine months for male citizens
du_ksgqMO0M-00835-00221313-00221714 between the ages of 19 and 45 however as
du_ksgqMO0M-00836-00221715-00221888 the armed forces had been gearing
du_ksgqMO0M-00837-00221889-00222110 towards a completely professional army
du_ksgqMO0M-00838-00222111-00222275 the government had announced that the
du_ksgqMO0M-00839-00222276-00222491 mandatory military service period would
du_ksgqMO0M-00840-00222492-00222788 be cut to 6 months by 2008 or even
du_ksgqMO0M-00841-00222789-00223073 abolished completely however this
du_ksgqMO0M-00842-00223073-00223304 timetable was under reconsideration as
du_ksgqMO0M-00843-00223305-00223598 of April 2006 due to severe manpower
du_ksgqMO0M-00844-00223598-00223894 shortages these had been caused by a
du_ksgqMO0M-00845-00223896-00224123 combination of financial difficulties
du_ksgqMO0M-00846-00224123-00224327 meaning that professional soldiers could
du_ksgqMO0M-00847-00224328-00224519 not be hired at the projected rate and
du_ksgqMO0M-00848-00224519-00224684 widespread abuse of the deferment
du_ksgqMO0M-00849-00224685-00224927 process resulting in two-thirds of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00850-00224928-00225302 conscripts deferred service in 2005 in
du_ksgqMO0M-00851-00225303-00225638 August 2009 the mandatory service period
du_ksgqMO0M-00852-00225639-00225839 was reduced to nine months for the army
du_ksgqMO0M-00853-00225840-00226046 but has remained at 12 months for the
du_ksgqMO0M-00854-00226046-00226325 Navy in the airforce the number of
du_ksgqMO0M-00855-00226326-00226538 conscripts affected to the latter two
du_ksgqMO0M-00856-00226539-00226715 has been greatly reduced with an aim
du_ksgqMO0M-00857-00226716-00227396 towards full professionalization
du_ksgqMO0M-00858-00227398-00227917 topic Lithuania
du_ksgqMO0M-00859-00227919-00228177 Lithuania abolished its conscription in
du_ksgqMO0M-00860-00228178-00228548 2008 in May 2015 the Lithuanian
du_ksgqMO0M-00861-00228550-00228711 parliament voted to return the
du_ksgqMO0M-00862-00228712-00228917 conscription and the conscripts started
du_ksgqMO0M-00863-00228919-00229131 their training in August 2015
du_ksgqMO0M-00864-00229132-00229428 in practice there is no conscription in
du_ksgqMO0M-00865-00229429-00229512 Lithuania
du_ksgqMO0M-00866-00229513-00230194 since all recruits have been volunteers
du_ksgqMO0M-00867-00230196-00230696 topic Luxembourg
du_ksgqMO0M-00868-00230696-00230910 Luxemburg practiced military
du_ksgqMO0M-00869-00230911-00231761 conscription from 1948 until 1967
du_ksgqMO0M-00870-00231762-00232433 topic Moldova Moldova which currently
du_ksgqMO0M-00871-00232434-00232625 has male conscription has announced
du_ksgqMO0M-00872-00232626-00232969 plans to abolish the practice Moldova's
du_ksgqMO0M-00873-00232971-00233177 Defense Ministry announced that a plan
du_ksgqMO0M-00874-00233178-00233342 which stipulates the gradual elimination
du_ksgqMO0M-00875-00233342-00233561 of military conscription will be
du_ksgqMO0M-00876-00233562-00233759 implemented starting from the autumn of
du_ksgqMO0M-00877-00233760-00234323 2018
du_ksgqMO0M-00878-00234325-00234825 topic Netherlands
du_ksgqMO0M-00879-00234826-00235152 conscription which was called service
du_ksgqMO0M-00880-00235153-00235413 duty Dutch Dean's clicked in the
du_ksgqMO0M-00881-00235414-00235667 Netherlands was first employed in 1810
du_ksgqMO0M-00882-00235669-00236016 by French occupying forces Napoleon's
du_ksgqMO0M-00883-00236017-00236226 brother Louie Bonaparte who was king of
du_ksgqMO0M-00884-00236227-00236529 Holland from 1806 to 1810 had tried to
du_ksgqMO0M-00885-00236530-00236717 introduce conscription a few years
du_ksgqMO0M-00886-00236719-00237084 earlier unsuccessfully every man aged 20
du_ksgqMO0M-00887-00237085-00237378 years or older had to enlist by means of
du_ksgqMO0M-00888-00237379-00237594 drawing lots it was decided who had to
du_ksgqMO0M-00889-00237594-00237894 undertake service in the French army it
du_ksgqMO0M-00890-00237894-00238104 was possible to arrange a substitute
du_ksgqMO0M-00891-00238105-00238473 against payment later on conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00892-00238473-00238778 was used for all men over the age of 18
du_ksgqMO0M-00893-00238779-00239031 postponement was possible due to study
du_ksgqMO0M-00894-00239032-00239319 for example conscientious objectors
du_ksgqMO0M-00895-00239319-00239510 could perform an alternative civilian
du_ksgqMO0M-00896-00239511-00239853 service instead of military service for
du_ksgqMO0M-00897-00239854-00240092 various reasons this forced military
du_ksgqMO0M-00898-00240094-00240300 service was criticized at the end of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00899-00240301-00240630 20th century since the cold war was over
du_ksgqMO0M-00900-00240631-00240871 so was the direct threat of a war
du_ksgqMO0M-00901-00240873-00241152 instead the Dutch army was employed in
du_ksgqMO0M-00902-00241153-00241367 more and more peacekeeping operations
du_ksgqMO0M-00903-00241367-00241632 the complexity and danger of these
du_ksgqMO0M-00904-00241633-00241830 missions made the use of conscripts
du_ksgqMO0M-00905-00241831-00241952 controversial
du_ksgqMO0M-00906-00241953-00242238 furthermore the conscription system was
du_ksgqMO0M-00907-00242239-00242427 thought to be unfair as only men were
du_ksgqMO0M-00908-00242428-00242735 drafted in the European part of
du_ksgqMO0M-00909-00242736-00242948 Netherlands compulsory attendance has
du_ksgqMO0M-00910-00242950-00243159 been officially suspended since the 1st
du_ksgqMO0M-00911-00243160-00243710 of May 1997 between 1991 and 1996 the
du_ksgqMO0M-00912-00243711-00243888 Dutch Armed Forces phased out their
du_ksgqMO0M-00913-00243889-00244101 conscript personnel and converted to an
du_ksgqMO0M-00914-00244102-00244359 all professional force the last
du_ksgqMO0M-00915-00244360-00244662 conscript troops were inducted in 1995
du_ksgqMO0M-00916-00244663-00245094 and demobilized in 1996 the suspension
du_ksgqMO0M-00917-00245094-00245294 means that citizens are no longer forced
du_ksgqMO0M-00918-00245296-00245526 to serve in the Armed Forces as long as
du_ksgqMO0M-00919-00245527-00245721 it is not required for the safety of the
du_ksgqMO0M-00920-00245721-00246033 country until then the Dutch army has
du_ksgqMO0M-00921-00246034-00246339 become an all professional force however
du_ksgqMO0M-00922-00246340-00246569 to this day every male and female
du_ksgqMO0M-00923-00246571-00246821 citizen aged 17 gets a letter in which
du_ksgqMO0M-00924-00246823-00246957 they are told that they have been
du_ksgqMO0M-00925-00246958-00247125 registered but do not have to present
du_ksgqMO0M-00926-00247126-00247751 themselves for service
du_ksgqMO0M-00927-00247752-00248219 topic Norway
du_ksgqMO0M-00928-00248221-00248541 as of March 2016 Norway currently
du_ksgqMO0M-00929-00248542-00248730 employs a weak form of mandatory
du_ksgqMO0M-00930-00248731-00249006 military service for men and women in
du_ksgqMO0M-00931-00249007-00249216 practice recruits are not forced to
du_ksgqMO0M-00932-00249217-00249398 serve instead only those who are
du_ksgqMO0M-00933-00249400-00249746 motivated are selected about 60,000
du_ksgqMO0M-00934-00249748-00249894 Norwegians are available for
du_ksgqMO0M-00935-00249894-00250152 conscription every year but only 8,000
du_ksgqMO0M-00936-00250153-00250539 to 10,000 are conscripted since 1985
du_ksgqMO0M-00937-00250540-00250728 women have been able to enlist for
du_ksgqMO0M-00938-00250729-00251021 voluntary service as regular recruits on
du_ksgqMO0M-00939-00251023-00251346 the 14th of June 2013 the Norwegian
du_ksgqMO0M-00940-00251346-00251567 Parliament voted to extend conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00941-00251569-00251783 to women making Norway the first NATO
du_ksgqMO0M-00942-00251784-00251996 member and first European country to
du_ksgqMO0M-00943-00251998-00252213 make national service compulsory for
du_ksgqMO0M-00944-00252214-00252567 both sexes in earlier times up until at
du_ksgqMO0M-00945-00252567-00252879 least the early 2000s all men aged 19 to
du_ksgqMO0M-00946-00252880-00253128 44 were subject to mandatory service
du_ksgqMO0M-00947-00253129-00253317 with good reasons required to avoid
du_ksgqMO0M-00948-00253317-00253607 becoming drafted there is a right of
du_ksgqMO0M-00949-00253608-00254167 conscientious objection
du_ksgqMO0M-00950-00254167-00254835 topic civil-defense duty in norway in
du_ksgqMO0M-00951-00254836-00255042 addition to the military service the
du_ksgqMO0M-00952-00255044-00255252 Norwegian government draft a total of
du_ksgqMO0M-00953-00255253-00255579 8,000 men and women between 18 and 55 to
du_ksgqMO0M-00954-00255580-00255828 non-military civil defence duty not to
du_ksgqMO0M-00955-00255829-00256026 be confused with alternative civilian
du_ksgqMO0M-00956-00256027-00256240 service former service in the military
du_ksgqMO0M-00957-00256241-00256485 does not exclude anyone from later being
du_ksgqMO0M-00958-00256486-00256692 drafted to the Civil Defence but an
du_ksgqMO0M-00959-00256694-00256902 upper limit of total 19 months of
du_ksgqMO0M-00960-00256903-00257251 service applies neglecting mobilization
du_ksgqMO0M-00961-00257252-00257494 orders to training exercises and actual
du_ksgqMO0M-00962-00257494-00258171 incidents may impose fines
du_ksgqMO0M-00963-00258173-00258832 topic serbia as of the 1st of January
du_ksgqMO0M-00964-00258833-00259111 2011 Serbia no longer practices
du_ksgqMO0M-00965-00259112-00259446 mandatory military service prior to this
du_ksgqMO0M-00966-00259448-00259711 mandatory military service lasted six
du_ksgqMO0M-00967-00259712-00260023 months for men conscientious objectors
du_ksgqMO0M-00968-00260023-00260215 could however opt for nine months of
du_ksgqMO0M-00969-00260216-00260569 civil service instead on the 15th of
du_ksgqMO0M-00970-00260569-00260836 December 2010 the Parliament of Serbia
du_ksgqMO0M-00971-00260837-00261031 voted to suspend mandatory military
du_ksgqMO0M-00972-00261032-00261364 service the decision fully came into
du_ksgqMO0M-00973-00261365-00262042 force on January 1st 2011
du_ksgqMO0M-00974-00262042-00262714 topic Sweden Sweden had conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00975-00262715-00263008 Swedish van flicked for men between 1901
du_ksgqMO0M-00976-00263009-00263371 and 2010 peacetime conscription was made
du_ksgqMO0M-00977-00263372-00263581 dormant in 2010 and the law on
du_ksgqMO0M-00978-00263582-00263791 conscription was simultaneously made
du_ksgqMO0M-00979-00263792-00263971 gender-neutral the Swedish government
du_ksgqMO0M-00980-00263972-00264184 reintroduced a selective military
du_ksgqMO0M-00981-00264185-00264382 conscription for men and women beginning
du_ksgqMO0M-00982-00264383-00265030 January 1st 2018
du_ksgqMO0M-00983-00265031-00265720 topic United Kingdom the United Kingdom
du_ksgqMO0M-00984-00265721-00265918 introduced conscription to full-time
du_ksgqMO0M-00985-00265919-00266140 military service for the first time in
du_ksgqMO0M-00986-00266141-00266458 January 1916 the 18th month of World War
du_ksgqMO0M-00987-00266459-00266872 1 and abolished it in 1920 Ireland then
du_ksgqMO0M-00988-00266873-00267121 part of the United Kingdom was exempted
du_ksgqMO0M-00989-00267122-00267406 from the original 1916 military service
du_ksgqMO0M-00990-00267407-00267571 legislation and although further
du_ksgqMO0M-00991-00267572-00267859 legislation in 1918 gave power for an
du_ksgqMO0M-00992-00267860-00268090 extension of conscription to Ireland the
du_ksgqMO0M-00993-00268091-00268374 power was never put into effect
du_ksgqMO0M-00994-00268375-00268717 conscription was reintroduced in 1939 in
du_ksgqMO0M-00995-00268718-00268900 the lead-up to World War Two and
du_ksgqMO0M-00996-00268901-00269314 continued in force until 1963 Northern
du_ksgqMO0M-00997-00269315-00269533 Ireland was exempted from conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-00998-00269534-00269778 legislation throughout the whole period
du_ksgqMO0M-00999-00269779-00270073 in all 8 million men were conscripted
du_ksgqMO0M-01000-00270074-00270286 during both world wars as well as
du_ksgqMO0M-01001-00270287-00270502 several hundred thousand younger single
du_ksgqMO0M-01002-00270503-00270796 women the introduction of conscription
du_ksgqMO0M-01003-00270797-00271105 in May 1939 before the war began was
du_ksgqMO0M-01004-00271106-00271291 partly due to pressure from the French
du_ksgqMO0M-01005-00271292-00271489 who emphasized the need for a large
du_ksgqMO0M-01006-00271490-00271810 British army to oppose the Germans from
du_ksgqMO0M-01007-00271811-00272161 early 1940 to unmarried women aged 19 to
du_ksgqMO0M-01008-00272162-00272488 30 were conscripted most was sent to the
du_ksgqMO0M-01009-00272489-00272698 factories but they could volunteer for
du_ksgqMO0M-01010-00272699-00272956 the auxiliary territorial service ATS
du_ksgqMO0M-01011-00272957-00273265 and other women's services none was
du_ksgqMO0M-01012-00273266-00273469 assigned to combat roles unless she
du_ksgqMO0M-01013-00273470-00273829 volunteered by 1943 women were liable to
du_ksgqMO0M-01014-00273830-00274063 some form of directed labour up to age
du_ksgqMO0M-01015-00274064-00274453 51 during the Second World War one point
du_ksgqMO0M-01016-00274454-00274687 four million British men volunteered for
du_ksgqMO0M-01017-00274688-00275025 service and 3.2 million were conscripted
du_ksgqMO0M-01018-00275026-00275317 conscripts comprised 50% of the Royal
du_ksgqMO0M-01019-00275318-00275617 Air Force 60% of the Royal Navy and 80
du_ksgqMO0M-01020-00275618-00275842 percent of the British Army Britain and
du_ksgqMO0M-01021-00275843-00276022 its colonies did not develop such
du_ksgqMO0M-01022-00276023-00276220 pervasive administrative States and
du_ksgqMO0M-01023-00276221-00276418 therefore did not opt out for regulatory
du_ksgqMO0M-01024-00276419-00276661 solutions such as conscription as a
du_ksgqMO0M-01025-00276662-00276937 reliability the abolition of
du_ksgqMO0M-01026-00276938-00277150 conscription in Britain was announced on
du_ksgqMO0M-01027-00277151-00277450 the 4th of April 1957 by new Prime
du_ksgqMO0M-01028-00277451-00277657 Minister Harold Macmillan with the last
du_ksgqMO0M-01029-00277658-00277870 conscripts being recruited three years
du_ksgqMO0M-01030-00277871-00278414 later
du_ksgqMO0M-01031-00278415-00278920 topic Israel
du_ksgqMO0M-01032-00278921-00279183 there is a mandatory service for all men
du_ksgqMO0M-01033-00279184-00279420 and women who are fit in 18 years old
du_ksgqMO0M-01034-00279421-00279745 men must serve 32 months while women
du_ksgqMO0M-01035-00279746-00279976 serve 24 months with some exempt from
du_ksgqMO0M-01036-00279977-00280291 mandatory service Muslim and Christian
du_ksgqMO0M-01037-00280292-00280629 Arabs permanent residents such as the
du_ksgqMO0M-01038-00280630-00280805 Druze of the Golan Heights
du_ksgqMO0M-01039-00280806-00281047 ultra-orthodox Jews can apply for
du_ksgqMO0M-01040-00281048-00281266 deferment to study in yeshiva and the
du_ksgqMO0M-01041-00281267-00281528 deferment tends to become an exemption
du_ksgqMO0M-01042-00281529-00281791 female religious Jews if they declare
du_ksgqMO0M-01043-00281792-00281950 they are unable to serve due to
du_ksgqMO0M-01044-00281951-00282204 religious grounds many choose to
du_ksgqMO0M-01045-00282205-00282442 volunteer in the national service share
du_ksgqMO0M-01046-00282443-00282651 it Lumi all of the above can choose to
du_ksgqMO0M-01047-00282652-00282984 volunteer to the IDF relatively large
du_ksgqMO0M-01048-00282985-00283256 numbers of Bedouins choose to volunteer
du_ksgqMO0M-01049-00283257-00283533 male Druze and Circassian Israeli
du_ksgqMO0M-01050-00283534-00283747 citizens are liable by agreement with
du_ksgqMO0M-01051-00283748-00283953 their community leaders female Druze and
du_ksgqMO0M-01052-00283954-00284654 Circassian are exempt from service
du_ksgqMO0M-01053-00284655-00285234 topic United States
du_ksgqMO0M-01054-00285235-00285543 in the united states conscription also
du_ksgqMO0M-01055-00285544-00285993 called the draft ended in 1973 but males
du_ksgqMO0M-01056-00285994-00286287 aged between 18 and 25 are required to
du_ksgqMO0M-01057-00286288-00286413 register with the Selective Service
du_ksgqMO0M-01058-00286414-00286668 System to enable a reintroduction of
du_ksgqMO0M-01059-00286669-00286956 conscription if necessary President
du_ksgqMO0M-01060-00286957-00287190 Gerald Ford suspended mandatory draft
du_ksgqMO0M-01061-00287191-00287526 registration in 1975 but President Jimmy
du_ksgqMO0M-01062-00287527-00287745 Carter reinstated that requirement when
du_ksgqMO0M-01063-00287746-00287910 the Soviet Union intervened in
du_ksgqMO0M-01064-00287911-00288240 Afghanistan five years later Selective
du_ksgqMO0M-01065-00288241-00288450 Service registration is still required
du_ksgqMO0M-01066-00288451-00288654 of almost all young men although the
du_ksgqMO0M-01067-00288655-00288957 draft has not been used since 1973 and
du_ksgqMO0M-01068-00288958-00289122 there have been no prosecutions for
du_ksgqMO0M-01069-00289123-00289287 violations of the draft registration
du_ksgqMO0M-01070-00289288-00289713 laws since 1986 males between the ages
du_ksgqMO0M-01071-00289714-00290049 of 17 and 45 and female members of the
du_ksgqMO0M-01072-00290050-00290280 US National Guard may be conscripted for
du_ksgqMO0M-01073-00290281-00290517 federal militia service pursuant to 10
du_ksgqMO0M-01074-00290518-00290835 US Code section 246 in the militia
du_ksgqMO0M-01075-00290836-00291006 clauses of the United States
du_ksgqMO0M-01076-00291007-00291606 Constitution
du_ksgqMO0M-01077-00291607-00291964 topic main articles for conscription by
du_ksgqMO0M-01078-00291965-00292341 country
du_ksgqMO0M-01079-00292342-00292739 you
du_ksgqMO0M-01080-00292740-00293358 topic related concepts
du_ksgqMO0M-01081-00293359-00293874 area ban civil conscription civilian
du_ksgqMO0M-01082-00293875-00294288 public service corvée economic
du_ksgqMO0M-01083-00294289-00294585 conscription impressment and the quota
du_ksgqMO0M-01084-00294586-00295059 system national service postulate Russia
du_ksgqMO0M-01085-00295060-00295416 knee mass mobilization in Poland civil
du_ksgqMO0M-01086-00295417-00295898 Dienst
du_ksgqMO0M-01087-00295899-00296450 topic see also
du_ksgqMO0M-01088-00296451-00296933 Bevan boys a FIBA coath list of
du_ksgqMO0M-01089-00296934-00297242 countries by number of troops men's
du_ksgqMO0M-01090-00297243-00297659 rights military history military
du_ksgqMO0M-01091-00297660-00297934 recruitment timeline of women's
du_ksgqMO0M-01092-00297935-00298292 participation in warfare
dvJyy_snGlE-00000-00000058-00000449 okay here we are the last lesson in
dvJyy_snGlE-00001-00000450-00000695 machine learning and town services and
dvJyy_snGlE-00002-00000696-00001049 this is a really high-level discussion
dvJyy_snGlE-00003-00001050-00001241 of topic modeling and other machine
dvJyy_snGlE-00004-00001242-00001520 learning methods and this is Geoffrey
dvJyy_snGlE-00005-00001521-00002140 Fox 8 for 2019 your instructor alright
dvJyy_snGlE-00006-00002141-00002516 say I'm sort of I would not new this is
dvJyy_snGlE-00007-00002517-00002725 the deepest discussion I've ever seen of
dvJyy_snGlE-00008-00002726-00003050 these topics so that's just but we only
dvJyy_snGlE-00009-00003051-00003611 have a few slides together so we want to
dvJyy_snGlE-00010-00003611-00003869 this is actually an example of hidden
dvJyy_snGlE-00011-00003870-00004244 hidden know latent variables really and
dvJyy_snGlE-00012-00004245-00004481 if we look at documents they have an
dvJyy_snGlE-00013-00004482-00004645 observation which the words in the
dvJyy_snGlE-00014-00004646-00005060 document and then under but we want to
dvJyy_snGlE-00015-00005061-00005272 really understand the essence of the
dvJyy_snGlE-00016-00005273-00005527 document what is trying to say and that
dvJyy_snGlE-00017-00005528-00005858 is can often be called top the topic and
dvJyy_snGlE-00018-00005859-00006022 these are say there are form of hidden
dvJyy_snGlE-00019-00006023-00006520 or latent factors so Ute typically
dvJyy_snGlE-00020-00006522-00006667 assume there are certain number of
dvJyy_snGlE-00021-00006668-00006938 topics and each topic has a distribution
dvJyy_snGlE-00022-00006939-00007342 of our words and given document has
dvJyy_snGlE-00023-00007343-00007771 multiple topics and you want us take
dvJyy_snGlE-00024-00007772-00007967 Google News you wanted which I keep
dvJyy_snGlE-00025-00007968-00008278 using this is sort of best known example
dvJyy_snGlE-00026-00008279-00008477 of the style board system that
dvJyy_snGlE-00027-00008478-00008692 accumulates all the information on a
dvJyy_snGlE-00028-00008693-00009171 certain topic we March Madness
dvJyy_snGlE-00029-00009172-00009656 basketball championship or the or North
dvJyy_snGlE-00030-00009657-00010034 Korea or what happy have you and we need
dvJyy_snGlE-00031-00010035-00010373 to find the topics to actually summarize
dvJyy_snGlE-00032-00010374-00010606 what's in the topics for a given
dvJyy_snGlE-00033-00010607-00010783 document which topics are in it and
dvJyy_snGlE-00034-00010784-00011066 model the correlation between topics and
dvJyy_snGlE-00035-00011067-00011438 identify related documents and there is
dvJyy_snGlE-00036-00011439-00011656 a famous approach that does this from a
dvJyy_snGlE-00037-00011657-00011942 brilliant person line who invented this
dvJyy_snGlE-00038-00011943-00012230 and its own correlating to reshare
dvJyy_snGlE-00039-00012231-00012788 allocation which is the most possibly
dvJyy_snGlE-00040-00012789-00012965 the most powerful way of doing topic
dvJyy_snGlE-00041-00012966-00013099 analysis
dvJyy_snGlE-00042-00013100-00013366 which has a hidden at a parameter hidden
dvJyy_snGlE-00043-00013366-00013705 that random variable where the variables
dvJyy_snGlE-00044-00013706-00014062 have multinomial distributions and they
dvJyy_snGlE-00045-00014063-00014302 have a deletion a prior distribution
dvJyy_snGlE-00046-00014303-00014541 which is why scores latent deletion a
dvJyy_snGlE-00047-00014543-00015043 allocation and you this is a lie I told
dvJyy_snGlE-00048-00015044-00015199 you there are some classrooms where you
dvJyy_snGlE-00049-00015200-00015427 have sort of hidden clusters which you
dvJyy_snGlE-00050-00015428-00015610 don't see directly and that's one this
dvJyy_snGlE-00051-00015611-00016068 is an example of that and this some
dvJyy_snGlE-00052-00016069-00016341 durational a distribution is there is
dvJyy_snGlE-00053-00016343-00016546 something which is pretty important you
dvJyy_snGlE-00054-00016547-00016875 need to smooth the probabilities and
dvJyy_snGlE-00055-00016876-00017152 that's done in physics by temperature
dvJyy_snGlE-00056-00017153-00017452 smooth things out in this a sadistic
dvJyy_snGlE-00057-00017453-00017692 based approach you choose this priority
dvJyy_snGlE-00058-00017693-00017869 you can do the physics approach as well
dvJyy_snGlE-00059-00017870-00018079 and think of this power is like a
dvJyy_snGlE-00060-00018080-00018466 statistical distribution of the of the
dvJyy_snGlE-00061-00018467-00018934 underlying variables then you need to
dvJyy_snGlE-00062-00018935-00019228 have the words which distributed in the
dvJyy_snGlE-00063-00019229-00019617 in the document in the topics and those
dvJyy_snGlE-00064-00019618-00019990 documents topics words in the
dvJyy_snGlE-00065-00019991-00020182 observation of the words and the topics
dvJyy_snGlE-00066-00020183-00020997 of the hidden variables so here's some a
dvJyy_snGlE-00067-00020998-00021453 few other arm examples reinforcement
dvJyy_snGlE-00068-00021454-00021678 learning which was famous because it was
dvJyy_snGlE-00069-00021679-00022050 used by alphago you need to map words
dvJyy_snGlE-00070-00022051-00022477 into into vectors of associated words
dvJyy_snGlE-00071-00022478-00022903 with a neural net we have generated
dvJyy_snGlE-00072-00022904-00023287 adversarial networks where you have two
dvJyy_snGlE-00073-00023288-00023500 networks one generating candidates the
dvJyy_snGlE-00074-00023501-00023755 other evaluating and then you have a
dvJyy_snGlE-00075-00023756-00023944 variant of a neural net which is
dvJyy_snGlE-00076-00023945-00024163 optimized to do time sequences that's
dvJyy_snGlE-00077-00024164-00024415 called a recurrent neural net and all of
dvJyy_snGlE-00078-00024416-00024658 these are very important estilo methods
dvJyy_snGlE-00079-00024659-00024894 which we have not discussed thank you
dvJyy_snGlE-00080-00024895-00025078 very much that's the end of this short
dvJyy_snGlE-00081-00025079-00025396 section on top in modeling another
dvJyy_snGlE-00082-00025397-00025644 machine mining as part of the machine
dvJyy_snGlE-00083-00025645-00025908 learning at South Services
dvJyy_snGlE-00084-00025908-00026239 presentation thank
dxeHMLDUdhI-00000-00000003-00000161 we're always playing this elusive game
dxeHMLDUdhI-00001-00000162-00000347 of when I get there then I'll be good
dxeHMLDUdhI-00002-00000348-00000536 enough smart enough pretty enough safe
dxeHMLDUdhI-00003-00000537-00000713 enough now I'll feel secure when I have
dxeHMLDUdhI-00004-00000714-00000902 this amount in my account and then we
dxeHMLDUdhI-00005-00000902-00001025 get that amount in our account and we
dxeHMLDUdhI-00006-00001026-00001145 still don't feel secure
dxeHMLDUdhI-00007-00001146-00002100 [Music]
dxeHMLDUdhI-00008-00002101-00002410 what's up y'all blessings and blessings
dxeHMLDUdhI-00009-00002411-00002569 from the beautiful Venice Beach
dxeHMLDUdhI-00010-00002570-00002758 California is going down in a beautiful
dxeHMLDUdhI-00011-00002759-00003051 major way today's transmission to things
dxeHMLDUdhI-00012-00003052-00003319 to quit immediate now the first thing to
dxeHMLDUdhI-00013-00003320-00003496 quit which is highly important and will
dxeHMLDUdhI-00014-00003497-00003718 make you successful in anything that you
dxeHMLDUdhI-00015-00003719-00004021 set your mind to is excuses so many of
dxeHMLDUdhI-00016-00004022-00004324 us have so many excuses we have excuses
dxeHMLDUdhI-00017-00004325-00004579 for why it won't work for why it will
dxeHMLDUdhI-00018-00004580-00004693 but we're not ready
dxeHMLDUdhI-00019-00004694-00005011 we have excuses for days and I challenge
dxeHMLDUdhI-00020-00005012-00005350 you to let go of and quit making excuses
dxeHMLDUdhI-00021-00005351-00005578 for why it's not working for why it's
dxeHMLDUdhI-00022-00005579-00005818 not happening I challenge you to step in
dxeHMLDUdhI-00023-00005819-00006213 step up and claim your life to declare
dxeHMLDUdhI-00024-00006214-00006420 what it is that you want and then to get
dxeHMLDUdhI-00025-00006422-00006652 to work in manifesting it now the
dxeHMLDUdhI-00026-00006653-00006841 manifestation process happens in many
dxeHMLDUdhI-00027-00006842-00007105 ways one is the declaration right speak
dxeHMLDUdhI-00028-00007106-00007320 what you seek until you see what you
dxeHMLDUdhI-00029-00007322-00007480 said that means you declare it you
dxeHMLDUdhI-00030-00007481-00007738 affirm that is mine right you speak from
dxeHMLDUdhI-00031-00007739-00008002 an already knowing that it's on its way
dxeHMLDUdhI-00032-00008003-00008152 because everything is everything is
dxeHMLDUdhI-00033-00008153-00008335 always moving and always changing and
dxeHMLDUdhI-00034-00008336-00008539 always shifting and so when we align
dxeHMLDUdhI-00035-00008540-00008791 ourselves with the vibration of that
dxeHMLDUdhI-00036-00008792-00008971 which we are calling in we become a
dxeHMLDUdhI-00037-00008972-00009217 receptive space now that's number two
dxeHMLDUdhI-00038-00009218-00009474 for the part two to the manifestation
dxeHMLDUdhI-00039-00009475-00009757 process which is you must be receptive
dxeHMLDUdhI-00040-00009758-00009985 you must be open to receive I have met
dxeHMLDUdhI-00041-00009986-00010120 so many people and I have been this
dxeHMLDUdhI-00042-00010121-00010348 person that said I want this and I want
dxeHMLDUdhI-00043-00010349-00010519 that and then the universe delivered it
dxeHMLDUdhI-00044-00010520-00010731 in a packaging that I wasn't necessarily
dxeHMLDUdhI-00045-00010732-00011002 expecting and I wasn't able to receive
dxeHMLDUdhI-00046-00011003-00011235 the gift I wasn't able to receive the
dxeHMLDUdhI-00047-00011236-00011467 love I wasn't able to receive that which
dxeHMLDUdhI-00048-00011468-00011788 I had asked for months years before and
dxeHMLDUdhI-00049-00011789-00011992 so using the metaphor of a cup so many
dxeHMLDUdhI-00050-00011993-00012169 of us have our cup upside down so it
dxeHMLDUdhI-00051-00012170-00012339 doesn't matter how much rain it doesn't
dxeHMLDUdhI-00052-00012340-00012484 matter if it thunderstorms it doesn't
dxeHMLDUdhI-00053-00012485-00012714 matter if I take a hose and pour water
dxeHMLDUdhI-00054-00012715-00012906 on your cup if your cup is flipped
dxeHMLDUdhI-00055-00012907-00013131 upside down there is no way that you can
dxeHMLDUdhI-00056-00013132-00013438 receive nothing number two to quit is
dxeHMLDUdhI-00057-00013438-00013624 waiting for the right time I find that
dxeHMLDUdhI-00058-00013625-00013861 this is literally the most detrimental
dxeHMLDUdhI-00059-00013862-00014137 thing that has ruined lives all over the
dxeHMLDUdhI-00060-00014138-00014356 world so many of us are waiting for the
dxeHMLDUdhI-00061-00014357-00014503 right time and we're getting ready to
dxeHMLDUdhI-00062-00014504-00014653 get ready and we're sitting on the fence
dxeHMLDUdhI-00063-00014654-00014827 and we're talking about what we're going
dxeHMLDUdhI-00064-00014828-00015040 to do next year or next month or next
dxeHMLDUdhI-00065-00015041-00015199 week and the key
dxeHMLDUdhI-00066-00015200-00015444 - the whole thing is taking action now
dxeHMLDUdhI-00067-00015446-00015736 like literally now that means pausing
dxeHMLDUdhI-00068-00015737-00015955 this video and immediately setting into
dxeHMLDUdhI-00069-00015956-00016116 motion by taking some type of action
dxeHMLDUdhI-00070-00016118-00016315 that has to do with that which you are
dxeHMLDUdhI-00071-00016316-00016435 calling in if it's around your
dxeHMLDUdhI-00072-00016436-00016609 relationship take action now pause the
dxeHMLDUdhI-00073-00016610-00016792 video call your mother call your father
dxeHMLDUdhI-00074-00016793-00016957 call your girlfriend your boyfriend tell
dxeHMLDUdhI-00075-00016958-00017113 them that you love them have you if it's
dxeHMLDUdhI-00076-00017114-00017287 a better relationship you want do it now
dxeHMLDUdhI-00077-00017288-00017464 if it's more money that you're calling
dxeHMLDUdhI-00078-00017465-00017755 in stop the video right now and declare
dxeHMLDUdhI-00079-00017756-00017923 what it is you want right because so
dxeHMLDUdhI-00080-00017924-00018079 many of us don't really pay attention to
dxeHMLDUdhI-00081-00018080-00018259 how much is enough and we're always
dxeHMLDUdhI-00082-00018260-00018439 playing this elusive game of when I get
dxeHMLDUdhI-00083-00018440-00018613 there then I'll be good enough smart
dxeHMLDUdhI-00084-00018614-00018787 enough pretty enough safe enough now
dxeHMLDUdhI-00085-00018788-00019003 I'll feel secure when I have this amount
dxeHMLDUdhI-00086-00019004-00019141 in my account and then we get that
dxeHMLDUdhI-00087-00019142-00019272 amount in our account and we still don't
dxeHMLDUdhI-00088-00019273-00019381 feel secure because we're constantly
dxeHMLDUdhI-00089-00019382-00019567 putting the carrot further and further
dxeHMLDUdhI-00090-00019568-00019825 away and so figure out what it is that
dxeHMLDUdhI-00091-00019826-00020131 you actually need really let's say once
dxeHMLDUdhI-00092-00020132-00020263 because you don't need it what do you
dxeHMLDUdhI-00093-00020264-00020566 need in order to thrive in this lifetime
dxeHMLDUdhI-00094-00020567-00020830 then literally make a plan ask yourself
dxeHMLDUdhI-00095-00020831-00021016 what can I eliminate that is a
dxeHMLDUdhI-00096-00021017-00021219 distraction or something that is
dxeHMLDUdhI-00097-00021220-00021478 draining my financials right now then
dxeHMLDUdhI-00098-00021479-00021678 ask yourself what type of life would I
dxeHMLDUdhI-00099-00021679-00021865 like to live is it one where I'm
dxeHMLDUdhI-00100-00021866-00022102 constantly chasing after more and more
dxeHMLDUdhI-00101-00022103-00022303 money needing more and more in order to
dxeHMLDUdhI-00102-00022304-00022513 be happy or the type of life where I am
dxeHMLDUdhI-00103-00022514-00022864 content while also being excited about
dxeHMLDUdhI-00104-00022865-00023094 what I could build and create so guys if
dxeHMLDUdhI-00105-00023095-00023250 you get nothing else out of this video
dxeHMLDUdhI-00106-00023251-00023497 the two things to quit is excuses and
dxeHMLDUdhI-00107-00023498-00023641 waiting for the right time I'm Preston
dxeHMLDUdhI-00108-00023642-00023847 smiles if you are new to the tribe new
dxeHMLDUdhI-00109-00023848-00024121 to my vibe new to the loves voice family
dxeHMLDUdhI-00110-00024122-00024343 and you're on Facebook or YouTube I ask
dxeHMLDUdhI-00111-00024344-00024541 that you leave a comment tell me what
dxeHMLDUdhI-00112-00024542-00024742 came up for you listening to this video
dxeHMLDUdhI-00113-00024743-00024975 and also please share it with somebody
dxeHMLDUdhI-00114-00024976-00025206 who you think will be inspired I love
dxeHMLDUdhI-00115-00025207-00025453 you so much blessings and blessings I am
dxeHMLDUdhI-00116-00025454-00025770 we are hashtag loves voice is going down
dxeHMLDUdhI-00117-00025772-00026113 in a beautiful major way live love give
dxeHMLDUdhI-00118-00026114-00026308 love be loved
dxeHMLDUdhI-00119-00026310-00026807 [Applause]
dxeHMLDUdhI-00120-00026808-00027013 you
dxRvCoGagH0-00000-00000024-00000214 hey friends so ableton just came out
dxRvCoGagH0-00001-00000215-00000471 with micro tuner a really spicy device
dxRvCoGagH0-00002-00000472-00000671 that can add just so much flavor to your
dxRvCoGagH0-00003-00000672-00000862 music if you're a fan of aphex twin and
dxRvCoGagH0-00004-00000863-00000991 i've always wondered how he makes his
dxRvCoGagH0-00005-00000992-00001295 music sound so wrong but so right it's
dxRvCoGagH0-00006-00001296-00001495 due to a process in which he took
dxRvCoGagH0-00007-00001496-00001710 certain notes and re-tuned them slightly
dxRvCoGagH0-00008-00001711-00001855 resulting in music that sounds
dxRvCoGagH0-00009-00001855-00002126 hyper-original almost drunk but it
dxRvCoGagH0-00010-00002127-00002302 conveyed so much more emotion than the
dxRvCoGagH0-00011-00002303-00002487 conventional tuning that literally every
dxRvCoGagH0-00012-00002488-00002663 musician in the west uses with
dxRvCoGagH0-00013-00002664-00002871 microtuner ableton has now granted you
dxRvCoGagH0-00014-00002872-00003031 this superpower and this one little
dxRvCoGagH0-00015-00003032-00003442 device could change your music forever
dxRvCoGagH0-00016-00003443-00003919 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00017-00003920-00004119 so ever since music was made and written
dxRvCoGagH0-00018-00004120-00004343 down humans have always been grappling
dxRvCoGagH0-00019-00004344-00004495 with the fact that no matter how you
dxRvCoGagH0-00020-00004496-00004702 slice it or dice it there's no perfect
dxRvCoGagH0-00021-00004703-00004927 way to divide an octave into exact
dxRvCoGagH0-00022-00004928-00005135 harmonic notes where each chord has
dxRvCoGagH0-00023-00005136-00005318 perfect harmony this is why there are so
dxRvCoGagH0-00024-00005319-00005438 many different tunings throughout the
dxRvCoGagH0-00025-00005439-00005654 world such as the arab or indian tuning
dxRvCoGagH0-00026-00005655-00005847 systems these scales are so different
dxRvCoGagH0-00027-00005848-00006015 that the instruments used to play the
dxRvCoGagH0-00028-00006016-00006263 leads don't even have fixed pitches such
dxRvCoGagH0-00029-00006264-00006486 as like a violin or a satar now i'm not
dxRvCoGagH0-00030-00006487-00006663 going to get into this here because this
dxRvCoGagH0-00031-00006664-00006903 subject is so deep and amazing that it
dxRvCoGagH0-00032-00006904-00007087 deserves a whole series of videos on it
dxRvCoGagH0-00033-00007088-00007278 alone but i really like and recommend
dxRvCoGagH0-00034-00007279-00007510 the book called the quadrivium which is
dxRvCoGagH0-00035-00007511-00007734 an amazing book that links all of human
dxRvCoGagH0-00036-00007736-00007967 perception together using math and has a
dxRvCoGagH0-00037-00007968-00008191 really cool chapter on music our western
dxRvCoGagH0-00038-00008192-00008374 scale of 12 notes that we've been using
dxRvCoGagH0-00039-00008375-00008639 since the 18th century is called equal
dxRvCoGagH0-00040-00008640-00008871 temperament it's very powerful because
dxRvCoGagH0-00041-00008872-00009039 it allows a lot of different kinds of
dxRvCoGagH0-00042-00009040-00009231 instruments with fixed pitches to be
dxRvCoGagH0-00043-00009232-00009406 played together like the piano and the
dxRvCoGagH0-00044-00009407-00009631 guitar or like an orchestra but some
dxRvCoGagH0-00045-00009632-00009823 aficionados of the alternate tuning
dxRvCoGagH0-00046-00009824-00010055 systems of the east go as far as to say
dxRvCoGagH0-00047-00010056-00010223 that certain emotions and musical
dxRvCoGagH0-00048-00010224-00010423 expressions aren't even possible to
dxRvCoGagH0-00049-00010424-00010719 convey using the equal temperament scale
dxRvCoGagH0-00050-00010720-00010878 now regardless of whether or not that's
dxRvCoGagH0-00051-00010879-00011103 true ableton's microtuner now allows us
dxRvCoGagH0-00052-00011104-00011310 to retune our instruments to reach new
dxRvCoGagH0-00053-00011311-00011495 and odd vibes with our music and really
dxRvCoGagH0-00054-00011496-00011727 differentiate our sounds micro tuner may
dxRvCoGagH0-00055-00011728-00011870 seem complicated but i'm going to give
dxRvCoGagH0-00056-00011871-00012055 you a bunch of practical workflow tips
dxRvCoGagH0-00057-00012056-00012223 that you can use to quickly make new
dxRvCoGagH0-00058-00012224-00012406 sounds and differentiate your music
dxRvCoGagH0-00059-00012407-00012710 let's dive in okay so here's micro tuner
dxRvCoGagH0-00060-00012711-00012871 and i want to show you something really
dxRvCoGagH0-00061-00012872-00013094 quick before i play it this micro tuner
dxRvCoGagH0-00062-00013095-00013255 is controlling all the other micro
dxRvCoGagH0-00063-00013256-00013479 tuners in my set so if i look at this
dxRvCoGagH0-00064-00013480-00013655 micro tuner it's following it if i look
dxRvCoGagH0-00065-00013656-00013815 at this micro tuner it's following just
dxRvCoGagH0-00066-00013816-00013975 this one now i'll show you how to set
dxRvCoGagH0-00067-00013976-00014199 that up here in just a moment but the
dxRvCoGagH0-00068-00014200-00014335 first thing i wanted to do is just play
dxRvCoGagH0-00069-00014336-00014551 for you an example of the difference
dxRvCoGagH0-00070-00014552-00014799 between playing this song with it's just
dxRvCoGagH0-00071-00014800-00014983 classic equal temperament tuning which
dxRvCoGagH0-00072-00014984-00015158 you're used to using and then playing a
dxRvCoGagH0-00073-00015159-00015358 micro tonal scale that sounds a little
dxRvCoGagH0-00074-00015359-00015494 bit different all right so let's go
dxRvCoGagH0-00075-00015495-00015615 ahead and listen to it with just the
dxRvCoGagH0-00076-00015616-00015783 equal temperament tuning which the
dxRvCoGagH0-00077-00015784-00015975 slider being up here is what that sounds
dxRvCoGagH0-00078-00015976-00016037 like
dxRvCoGagH0-00079-00016038-00016871 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00080-00016872-00017015 right so that's just what it would
dxRvCoGagH0-00081-00017016-00017167 normally sound like that's what an equal
dxRvCoGagH0-00082-00017168-00017319 temperament tuning sounds like now check
dxRvCoGagH0-00083-00017320-00017479 this out i'm going to slide the slider
dxRvCoGagH0-00084-00017480-00017655 down here to this micro tonal scale that
dxRvCoGagH0-00085-00017656-00017807 i've made and take a listen to the
dxRvCoGagH0-00086-00017808-00017927 difference
dxRvCoGagH0-00087-00017928-00019167 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00088-00019168-00019367 now to me that is just so much more
dxRvCoGagH0-00089-00019368-00019558 interesting to listen to it's a little
dxRvCoGagH0-00090-00019559-00019743 strange and it's just got its own
dxRvCoGagH0-00091-00019744-00019975 character in its own flavor okay so the
dxRvCoGagH0-00092-00019976-00020071 first thing to understand about
dxRvCoGagH0-00093-00020072-00020271 microtuner is that it's using pitch bend
dxRvCoGagH0-00094-00020272-00020503 information okay in order for this to
dxRvCoGagH0-00095-00020504-00020694 work properly you have to tell
dxRvCoGagH0-00096-00020695-00020999 microtuner what kind of instrument it's
dxRvCoGagH0-00097-00021000-00021278 being fed into okay so at the moment i'm
dxRvCoGagH0-00098-00021279-00021543 feeding microtuner into an mpe enabled
dxRvCoGagH0-00099-00021544-00021839 device ableton wavetable right so what
dxRvCoGagH0-00100-00021840-00022007 that means is that i can essentially
dxRvCoGagH0-00101-00022008-00022199 play chords that are microtuned away
dxRvCoGagH0-00102-00022200-00022383 from each other right so when i play
dxRvCoGagH0-00103-00022384-00022583 this wave table with each note that i'm
dxRvCoGagH0-00104-00022584-00022775 playing it's sending pitch bend
dxRvCoGagH0-00105-00022776-00022927 information to each one of those notes
dxRvCoGagH0-00106-00022928-00023094 and retuning them slightly so it sounds
dxRvCoGagH0-00107-00023095-00023334 like this
dxRvCoGagH0-00108-00023335-00023519 [Applause]
dxRvCoGagH0-00109-00023520-00023670 instead of this
dxRvCoGagH0-00110-00023671-00023787 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00111-00023788-00024519 [Applause]
dxRvCoGagH0-00112-00024520-00024694 hear the difference there so
dxRvCoGagH0-00113-00024695-00024839 what's going on with this is that you
dxRvCoGagH0-00114-00024840-00025063 have to tell microtuner what the pitch
dxRvCoGagH0-00115-00025064-00025263 bend range is of each one of your
dxRvCoGagH0-00116-00025264-00025575 devices now if you look at wavetable and
dxRvCoGagH0-00117-00025576-00025767 you go to the mpe tab
dxRvCoGagH0-00118-00025768-00025927 you can see that the pitch is already
dxRvCoGagH0-00119-00025927-00026078 set the pitch bend range is already set
dxRvCoGagH0-00120-00026079-00026390 to 48. so when you load up a wavetable
dxRvCoGagH0-00121-00026391-00026567 and you load up a microtuner it's
dxRvCoGagH0-00122-00026568-00026727 already set up and ready to go okay so
dxRvCoGagH0-00123-00026727-00026879 just so you understand here i am looking
dxRvCoGagH0-00124-00026880-00027039 at the operator and what i if i'm going
dxRvCoGagH0-00125-00027039-00027255 to load up a new micro tuner and make
dxRvCoGagH0-00126-00027256-00027407 this work with operator i'm going to
dxRvCoGagH0-00127-00027408-00027599 drag and drop this micro tuner in here
dxRvCoGagH0-00128-00027600-00027751 right looking over here at the pitch
dxRvCoGagH0-00129-00027752-00027902 bend area in order for this to work
dxRvCoGagH0-00130-00027904-00028158 properly i go into operator and i go to
dxRvCoGagH0-00131-00028160-00028390 the global tab wherever the pitch bend
dxRvCoGagH0-00132-00028391-00028518 information is you can see that the
dxRvCoGagH0-00133-00028519-00028639 pitch bend
dxRvCoGagH0-00134-00028639-00028823 is actually set to
dxRvCoGagH0-00135-00028824-00029158 plus or minus 24 steps so that's all the
dxRvCoGagH0-00136-00029160-00029327 higher the operator goes so i need to go
dxRvCoGagH0-00137-00029327-00029583 over here and say okay pitch bend 24
dxRvCoGagH0-00138-00029583-00029799 okay so now this will work with the
dxRvCoGagH0-00139-00029800-00029990 pitch bend okay the range of the pitch
dxRvCoGagH0-00140-00029991-00030183 bend on any instrument you're using has
dxRvCoGagH0-00141-00030183-00030367 to match the pitch bend over here and of
dxRvCoGagH0-00142-00030368-00030551 course because operator is not an mpe
dxRvCoGagH0-00143-00030552-00030735 device i need to turn that off now
dxRvCoGagH0-00144-00030736-00031046 because wavetable is a polyphonic device
dxRvCoGagH0-00145-00031047-00031343 i can send full on cords to wavetable
dxRvCoGagH0-00146-00031344-00031502 and each one of those notes will be
dxRvCoGagH0-00147-00031503-00031823 retuned okay because it is an mpe device
dxRvCoGagH0-00148-00031824-00032095 or a polyphonic midi device right now if
dxRvCoGagH0-00149-00032095-00032255 you want to play chords with microtuner
dxRvCoGagH0-00150-00032256-00032518 you need to use either wavetable or a
dxRvCoGagH0-00151-00032519-00032879 plug-in that can accept mpe okay
dxRvCoGagH0-00152-00032880-00033079 now i've also hooked it up to other
dxRvCoGagH0-00153-00033080-00033255 devices that are not mpe such as
dxRvCoGagH0-00154-00033256-00033446 operator and analog
dxRvCoGagH0-00155-00033447-00033671 now as you can see i've turned the mpe
dxRvCoGagH0-00156-00033672-00033879 off on these right and you can also see
dxRvCoGagH0-00157-00033880-00034071 that microtuner looks different well why
dxRvCoGagH0-00158-00034072-00034231 is that that's because they're set to
dxRvCoGagH0-00159-00034232-00034431 follow mode if i turn follow mode off
dxRvCoGagH0-00160-00034432-00034671 and go back to default we can see our
dxRvCoGagH0-00161-00034672-00034927 normal controls here okay
dxRvCoGagH0-00162-00034928-00035118 so if i go back to follow though they're
dxRvCoGagH0-00163-00035119-00035335 going to follow any micro tuner instance
dxRvCoGagH0-00164-00035336-00035471 that's set to
dxRvCoGagH0-00165-00035472-00035639 lead right so you can see that this
dxRvCoGagH0-00166-00035640-00035783 micro tuner sitting on the wave table
dxRvCoGagH0-00167-00035784-00036046 track is set to lead so that's how you
dxRvCoGagH0-00168-00036047-00036207 set this up and what's cool about this
dxRvCoGagH0-00169-00036208-00036390 is that you could put this before any of
dxRvCoGagH0-00170-00036391-00036615 the devices you have in ableton and
dxRvCoGagH0-00171-00036616-00036790 retune them all together right and
dxRvCoGagH0-00172-00036791-00036974 that's what's so fun about it
dxRvCoGagH0-00173-00036975-00037135 so now let's look at how to actually
dxRvCoGagH0-00174-00037136-00037351 retune something before we get into the
dxRvCoGagH0-00175-00037352-00037511 scale files and all that other stuff
dxRvCoGagH0-00176-00037512-00037718 let's just do a really basic simple way
dxRvCoGagH0-00177-00037719-00037830 so
dxRvCoGagH0-00178-00037831-00038015 i'm on generator b right now as you can
dxRvCoGagH0-00179-00038016-00038223 see my slider is down here and you can
dxRvCoGagH0-00180-00038224-00038390 you can reveal the slider by turning on
dxRvCoGagH0-00181-00038391-00038551 this little button
dxRvCoGagH0-00182-00038552-00038774 and now i'm on this generator so
dxRvCoGagH0-00183-00038775-00038902 generator b you can look at the
dxRvCoGagH0-00184-00038903-00039135 different scales or generators just by
dxRvCoGagH0-00185-00039136-00039318 clicking back and forth between a and b
dxRvCoGagH0-00186-00039319-00039567 right so now i'm looking at generator b
dxRvCoGagH0-00187-00039568-00039790 and let's say i want to generate a scale
dxRvCoGagH0-00188-00039791-00039990 one of the easiest ways to do this is to
dxRvCoGagH0-00189-00039991-00040183 set the pitches to 12 okay you can just
dxRvCoGagH0-00190-00040184-00040351 slide this up and down so i'm setting
dxRvCoGagH0-00191-00040352-00040471 that to 12
dxRvCoGagH0-00192-00040472-00040615 and we're just going to leave octave one
dxRvCoGagH0-00193-00040616-00040774 to one right now and what you can do is
dxRvCoGagH0-00194-00040775-00041007 you can actually turn the random amount
dxRvCoGagH0-00195-00041008-00041135 up and what this will do is it will
dxRvCoGagH0-00196-00041136-00041383 randomly choose note values and try to
dxRvCoGagH0-00197-00041384-00041639 divide them across 12 different pitches
dxRvCoGagH0-00198-00041640-00041855 okay so i'll go ahead and click generate
dxRvCoGagH0-00199-00041856-00041967 and now you can see that all those
dxRvCoGagH0-00200-00041968-00042118 little lines have moved let's go ahead
dxRvCoGagH0-00201-00042119-00042328 and take a listen to what the result is
dxRvCoGagH0-00202-00042329-00043044 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00203-00043045-00043279 [Applause]
dxRvCoGagH0-00204-00043280-00043471 that actually doesn't sound that bad
dxRvCoGagH0-00205-00043472-00043646 commonly what will happen is you'll
dxRvCoGagH0-00206-00043647-00043862 generate a random scale and it'll kind
dxRvCoGagH0-00207-00043863-00044007 of be pretty crazy especially if you
dxRvCoGagH0-00208-00044008-00044239 turn random up so let's turn random up
dxRvCoGagH0-00209-00044240-00044545 to 40 and take a listen
dxRvCoGagH0-00210-00044546-00045039 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00211-00045040-00045190 pretty wild right a little bit a little
dxRvCoGagH0-00212-00045191-00045335 bit out so the first thing i'm going to
dxRvCoGagH0-00213-00045336-00045439 recommend to you is that when you're
dxRvCoGagH0-00214-00045440-00045646 doing the generating of scales i think
dxRvCoGagH0-00215-00045647-00045862 this is a great place to start
dxRvCoGagH0-00216-00045863-00045990 meaning that you take the pitches and
dxRvCoGagH0-00217-00045991-00046151 you say okay i'm going to have 12
dxRvCoGagH0-00218-00046152-00046287 pitches which is what you're used to
dxRvCoGagH0-00219-00046288-00046502 using inside of an octave you're used to
dxRvCoGagH0-00220-00046503-00046702 equal temperament scales i'm going to
dxRvCoGagH0-00221-00046703-00046855 dial this back down and what i'm going
dxRvCoGagH0-00222-00046856-00046999 to recommend is that you go somewhere
dxRvCoGagH0-00223-00047000-00047358 between 10 percent and 20 percent
dxRvCoGagH0-00224-00047359-00047630 this will generate a tuning scale that
dxRvCoGagH0-00225-00047631-00047911 will be still very usable okay and it'll
dxRvCoGagH0-00226-00047912-00048102 it'll it'll it'll kick your notes out
dxRvCoGagH0-00227-00048103-00048262 just slightly and it'll give you that
dxRvCoGagH0-00228-00048263-00048462 sensation of what happens when people
dxRvCoGagH0-00229-00048463-00048711 sing together okay when you have a choir
dxRvCoGagH0-00230-00048712-00048935 of people and they're singing together
dxRvCoGagH0-00231-00048936-00049086 commonly they're slightly out of pitch
dxRvCoGagH0-00232-00049087-00049255 with each other just slightly and that's
dxRvCoGagH0-00233-00049256-00049399 actually a very pleasing thing and a
dxRvCoGagH0-00234-00049400-00049590 very human thing we're very used to
dxRvCoGagH0-00235-00049591-00049758 hearing that effect so i'm going to put
dxRvCoGagH0-00236-00049759-00049983 this to 15 and generate another scale
dxRvCoGagH0-00237-00049984-00050390 and now take a listen
dxRvCoGagH0-00238-00050391-00050839 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00239-00050840-00051062 okay so you can just keep regenerating
dxRvCoGagH0-00240-00051063-00051199 different scales until there's something
dxRvCoGagH0-00241-00051200-00051335 that you like i want to show you
dxRvCoGagH0-00242-00051336-00051623 something else back in on the a side i
dxRvCoGagH0-00243-00051624-00051838 have a perfectly equal temperament scale
dxRvCoGagH0-00244-00051839-00051942 and the way that you do that is you'd
dxRvCoGagH0-00245-00051944-00052166 set this to 12 you'd set the octave one
dxRvCoGagH0-00246-00052167-00052382 to one and then you would set the random
dxRvCoGagH0-00247-00052383-00052550 to zero and if you hit generate it makes
dxRvCoGagH0-00248-00052551-00052742 a perfectly equal temperament scale take
dxRvCoGagH0-00249-00052744-00053399 a listen to this
dxRvCoGagH0-00250-00053400-00053647 right so perfect and then you can blend
dxRvCoGagH0-00251-00053648-00053815 back and forth between these two scales
dxRvCoGagH0-00252-00053816-00053982 so this could be a really dynamic way of
dxRvCoGagH0-00253-00053983-00054126 adding detuning to your set you could
dxRvCoGagH0-00254-00054127-00054326 wait for a different chord and then just
dxRvCoGagH0-00255-00054327-00054654 blend into a stranger chord just over
dxRvCoGagH0-00256-00054655-00054807 time so maybe what we'll do is we'll go
dxRvCoGagH0-00257-00054808-00055038 to b and we'll generate a pretty wacky
dxRvCoGagH0-00258-00055039-00055199 tuning right here so this is definitely
dxRvCoGagH0-00259-00055200-00055366 out and i'll just go ahead and solo this
dxRvCoGagH0-00260-00055367-00055494 wave table so we can really hear what
dxRvCoGagH0-00261-00055495-00056838 that sounds like
dxRvCoGagH0-00262-00056839-00056966 so you can hear that i'm dynamically
dxRvCoGagH0-00263-00056967-00057087 changing that tuning let's make it a
dxRvCoGagH0-00264-00057088-00058142 little bit crazier
dxRvCoGagH0-00265-00058144-00058350 and of course this is an automatable
dxRvCoGagH0-00266-00058351-00058494 parameter so if i'm looking at my
dxRvCoGagH0-00267-00058495-00058742 automation you can see that the blend
dxRvCoGagH0-00268-00058744-00058975 control is movable so i can go in here
dxRvCoGagH0-00269-00058976-00059119 real quick and i'll just unarm the track
dxRvCoGagH0-00270-00059120-00059223 and i'll go ahead and record some of
dxRvCoGagH0-00271-00059224-00060119 this automation
dxRvCoGagH0-00272-00060120-00060247 right and that's a way to add some
dxRvCoGagH0-00273-00060248-00060399 interest to these chords right just by
dxRvCoGagH0-00274-00060400-00060606 generating different scales all right
dxRvCoGagH0-00275-00060607-00060742 now let's look at something else if you
dxRvCoGagH0-00276-00060744-00060919 go up to the help view
dxRvCoGagH0-00277-00060920-00061023 right
dxRvCoGagH0-00278-00061024-00061271 and then you look at your packs okay so
dxRvCoGagH0-00279-00061272-00061391 to view information about all your
dxRvCoGagH0-00280-00061391-00061535 installed packs
dxRvCoGagH0-00281-00061536-00061775 microtuner is a pack so if i open this
dxRvCoGagH0-00282-00061776-00062038 up and i look at micro tuner there's
dxRvCoGagH0-00283-00062039-00062215 something really interesting here
dxRvCoGagH0-00284-00062216-00062359 if you click on loading and generating
dxRvCoGagH0-00285-00062360-00062623 scales there's a scala tuning file
dxRvCoGagH0-00286-00062624-00062847 folder that they actually link to with 5
dxRvCoGagH0-00287-00062848-00063103 000 different files right so if you
dxRvCoGagH0-00288-00063104-00063303 click on it here it'll bring you to a
dxRvCoGagH0-00289-00063304-00063487 page where you can download those scales
dxRvCoGagH0-00290-00063488-00063615 and as you can see the scales have now
dxRvCoGagH0-00291-00063616-00063935 downloaded on my hard drive so now in my
dxRvCoGagH0-00292-00063936-00064150 documents folder i made a folder called
dxRvCoGagH0-00293-00064151-00064326 scala scales and i've put them all in
dxRvCoGagH0-00294-00064327-00064519 here so now i can take any of these
dxRvCoGagH0-00295-00064520-00064687 scala scales and just drag them and drop
dxRvCoGagH0-00296-00064688-00064863 them into micro tuner now what's cool
dxRvCoGagH0-00297-00064864-00064999 about the fact that i have all these
dxRvCoGagH0-00298-00065000-00065215 micro tuners hooked up to each other is
dxRvCoGagH0-00299-00065216-00065415 that all i have to do is just drag one
dxRvCoGagH0-00300-00065416-00065623 scale file into here and i can test it
dxRvCoGagH0-00301-00065624-00065863 on my entire set right or at least all
dxRvCoGagH0-00302-00065864-00066126 the tonal sounds in my set so let's go
dxRvCoGagH0-00303-00066127-00066287 ahead and i'll drag just one of these
dxRvCoGagH0-00304-00066288-00066471 random ones on here and let's see what
dxRvCoGagH0-00305-00066472-00066582 happens
dxRvCoGagH0-00306-00066583-00066671 now
dxRvCoGagH0-00307-00066672-00066791 something has happened here where you
dxRvCoGagH0-00308-00066792-00066967 can see that there aren't a full 12
dxRvCoGagH0-00309-00066968-00067143 notes on here right
dxRvCoGagH0-00310-00067144-00067319 so when we play this this is going to be
dxRvCoGagH0-00311-00067320-00067487 pretty wild so i'll drag this down and
dxRvCoGagH0-00312-00067488-00067687 let's listen to this crazy scale file
dxRvCoGagH0-00313-00067688-00067923 that we've made
dxRvCoGagH0-00314-00067924-00068199 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00315-00068200-00068399 obviously this isn't going to work for
dxRvCoGagH0-00316-00068400-00068575 our music but there are other scala
dxRvCoGagH0-00317-00068576-00068750 files in here that actually will that
dxRvCoGagH0-00318-00068751-00068991 have 12 notes in them for example this
dxRvCoGagH0-00319-00068992-00069238 bert 5 scale is an interesting scale
dxRvCoGagH0-00320-00069239-00069447 where it's taking almost every note and
dxRvCoGagH0-00321-00069448-00069575 shifting it up
dxRvCoGagH0-00322-00069576-00069759 slightly right you can see that
dxRvCoGagH0-00323-00069760-00069967 everything is getting sharper so this is
dxRvCoGagH0-00324-00069968-00070150 an interesting thing obviously all the
dxRvCoGagH0-00325-00070151-00070279 way up this isn't going to make sense
dxRvCoGagH0-00326-00070280-00070359 take a listen
dxRvCoGagH0-00327-00070360-00070402 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00328-00070403-00070543 [Applause]
dxRvCoGagH0-00329-00070544-00070782 but if i take this and i just slightly
dxRvCoGagH0-00330-00070783-00070943 move it up a little bit we could get a
dxRvCoGagH0-00331-00070944-00071087 really interesting effect going let's
dxRvCoGagH0-00332-00071088-00071311 just take a listen to just the wave
dxRvCoGagH0-00333-00071312-00072111 table
dxRvCoGagH0-00334-00072112-00072238 and what does that sound like to you to
dxRvCoGagH0-00335-00072239-00072447 me that sounds like tape wow and flutter
dxRvCoGagH0-00336-00072448-00072623 but i'm controlling the wow and flutter
dxRvCoGagH0-00337-00072624-00072831 right i'm controlling the fact that the
dxRvCoGagH0-00338-00072832-00073087 tape is speeding up and slowing down
dxRvCoGagH0-00339-00073088-00073791 slightly right i just love this effect
dxRvCoGagH0-00340-00073792-00073919 now you might be thinking well okay
dxRvCoGagH0-00341-00073920-00074111 what's the difference between doing this
dxRvCoGagH0-00342-00074112-00074335 and just taking the pitch and slightly
dxRvCoGagH0-00343-00074336-00074519 moving the pitch of everything at once
dxRvCoGagH0-00344-00074520-00074711 all up and down well the thing is that
dxRvCoGagH0-00345-00074712-00074894 the relationships between these notes is
dxRvCoGagH0-00346-00074895-00075079 different all the way up as it is all
dxRvCoGagH0-00347-00075080-00075247 the way down so each one of these notes
dxRvCoGagH0-00348-00075248-00075575 are not being retuned okay at the same
dxRvCoGagH0-00349-00075576-00075806 rate so as you can see if you if you
dxRvCoGagH0-00350-00075807-00075975 retune this look this note is not moving
dxRvCoGagH0-00351-00075976-00076526 at all right just these other ones are
dxRvCoGagH0-00352-00076527-00076767 so this is allowing us to achieve very
dxRvCoGagH0-00353-00076768-00077031 subtle but very new sounds with ableton
dxRvCoGagH0-00354-00077032-00077167 live right
dxRvCoGagH0-00355-00077168-00077350 now let's look at something else now i'm
dxRvCoGagH0-00356-00077351-00077575 going to go back to the generated scale
dxRvCoGagH0-00357-00077576-00077815 that i made on this b side okay and the
dxRvCoGagH0-00358-00077816-00077935 way that you do that is you just click
dxRvCoGagH0-00359-00077936-00078119 on generator right clicking on generator
dxRvCoGagH0-00360-00078120-00078206 and what i'm going to do is i'm going to
dxRvCoGagH0-00361-00078207-00078367 generate a scale that's a little bit
dxRvCoGagH0-00362-00078368-00078550 more in tune so maybe like we'll do a
dxRvCoGagH0-00363-00078551-00078767 modest 15 we're going to generate a new
dxRvCoGagH0-00364-00078768-00078966 scale slide it down here and now we get
dxRvCoGagH0-00365-00078967-00079687 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00366-00079688-00079894 i just love the way that sounds now
dxRvCoGagH0-00367-00079895-00080015 let's talk about something else i'll get
dxRvCoGagH0-00368-00080016-00080150 this out of the way okay so let's look
dxRvCoGagH0-00369-00080151-00080303 at a totally different workflow with
dxRvCoGagH0-00370-00080304-00080447 microtuner i'm just going to go to this
dxRvCoGagH0-00371-00080448-00080631 track right here and i'm going to grab a
dxRvCoGagH0-00372-00080632-00080855 new instance of micro tuner and what i
dxRvCoGagH0-00373-00080856-00080982 want to do now is i want to show you a
dxRvCoGagH0-00374-00080983-00081126 different way of working with micro
dxRvCoGagH0-00375-00081127-00081262 tuner now
dxRvCoGagH0-00376-00081263-00081462 this is a great way to add some micro
dxRvCoGagH0-00377-00081463-00081638 tuned flavor to music that you already
dxRvCoGagH0-00378-00081639-00081894 have okay so the first thing i'll do is
dxRvCoGagH0-00379-00081895-00082135 i'll disable these clips by hitting zero
dxRvCoGagH0-00380-00082136-00082255 and what i want to do is i'm going to
dxRvCoGagH0-00381-00082256-00082423 show you a really interesting workflow
dxRvCoGagH0-00382-00082424-00082679 so if i turn on follow
dxRvCoGagH0-00383-00082680-00082894 and i leave the micro tuner on this five
dxRvCoGagH0-00384-00082895-00083071 note scale and what will happen is that
dxRvCoGagH0-00385-00083072-00083247 it's going to retune all the pitches
dxRvCoGagH0-00386-00083248-00083926 that i play to these five notes right so
dxRvCoGagH0-00387-00083927-00084047 that's actually a pretty interesting
dxRvCoGagH0-00388-00084048-00084350 scale right but once i get to i'm
dxRvCoGagH0-00389-00084351-00084582 playing c c sharp d
dxRvCoGagH0-00390-00084583-00084893 e flat and e but once i play f
dxRvCoGagH0-00391-00084894-00085135 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00392-00085136-00085303 i'm now an octave up okay because
dxRvCoGagH0-00393-00085304-00085455 there's only five notes in a scale so
dxRvCoGagH0-00394-00085456-00085631 you can forget what you know about the
dxRvCoGagH0-00395-00085632-00085791 keyboard right when you're only using
dxRvCoGagH0-00396-00085792-00085982 five notes but here's a really
dxRvCoGagH0-00397-00085983-00086191 interesting workflow if i turn on follow
dxRvCoGagH0-00398-00086192-00086326 you'll notice that when i play these
dxRvCoGagH0-00399-00086327-00086365 notes
dxRvCoGagH0-00400-00086366-00086518 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00401-00086519-00086647 it actually
dxRvCoGagH0-00402-00086648-00086823 moves the position
dxRvCoGagH0-00403-00086824-00086991 by itself so you can actually click on
dxRvCoGagH0-00404-00086992-00087135 this and move it with your mouse if you
dxRvCoGagH0-00405-00087136-00087399 want to you can actually type in four
dxRvCoGagH0-00406-00087400-00087550 and you can go to position four or you
dxRvCoGagH0-00407-00087551-00087750 can just simply hit follow and it will
dxRvCoGagH0-00408-00087751-00087935 follow the notes that you play
dxRvCoGagH0-00409-00087936-00088079 now this is really useful for using
dxRvCoGagH0-00410-00088080-00088262 micro tuner over existing music that you
dxRvCoGagH0-00411-00088263-00088462 already have okay what you can do is you
dxRvCoGagH0-00412-00088463-00088671 can use your ear and you can tune each
dxRvCoGagH0-00413-00088672-00088894 one of the notes of this custom scale to
dxRvCoGagH0-00414-00088895-00089079 sort of work with your music and the way
dxRvCoGagH0-00415-00089080-00089167 that you do that is i'm going to play
dxRvCoGagH0-00416-00089168-00089335 this first note and we're going to play
dxRvCoGagH0-00417-00089336-00089518 this music and i'm going to retune each
dxRvCoGagH0-00418-00089519-00089934 one of these notes so check this out
dxRvCoGagH0-00419-00089935-00090255 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00420-00090256-00090423 okay so that's my first note now i know
dxRvCoGagH0-00421-00090424-00090631 that's not perfect but that's the point
dxRvCoGagH0-00422-00090632-00090782 the point is that it's not perfect let's
dxRvCoGagH0-00423-00090783-00091199 move on to the next note
dxRvCoGagH0-00424-00091200-00091438 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00425-00091439-00091540 right now the next note
dxRvCoGagH0-00426-00091541-00092255 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00427-00092256-00092415 now if you need finer control you can
dxRvCoGagH0-00428-00092416-00092615 always hold shift and check it out when
dxRvCoGagH0-00429-00092616-00092831 i hold shift it's a little bit finer of
dxRvCoGagH0-00430-00092832-00093079 a of a control over the sense of each
dxRvCoGagH0-00431-00093080-00093126 tuning
dxRvCoGagH0-00432-00093127-00093359 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00433-00093360-00094023 all right next one
dxRvCoGagH0-00434-00094024-00094107 so now i have
dxRvCoGagH0-00435-00094108-00094174 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00436-00094175-00094350 [Applause]
dxRvCoGagH0-00437-00094351-00094503 just one more now i just want to show
dxRvCoGagH0-00438-00094504-00094638 you something else you also have full
dxRvCoGagH0-00439-00094639-00094799 control of this you can do you can go
dxRvCoGagH0-00440-00094800-00094974 the whole circle so maybe i'll pull this
dxRvCoGagH0-00441-00094975-00095615 one lower
dxRvCoGagH0-00442-00095616-00095763 okay so here's my custom scale
dxRvCoGagH0-00443-00095764-00096271 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00444-00096272-00096479 now that's really interesting to me i've
dxRvCoGagH0-00445-00096480-00096655 i've sort of created a new instrument if
dxRvCoGagH0-00446-00096656-00096823 you want to think of it that way these
dxRvCoGagH0-00447-00096824-00097071 fixed pitches are very out but they're
dxRvCoGagH0-00448-00097072-00097247 very in with the song that i'm using so
dxRvCoGagH0-00449-00097248-00097350 now what i'm going to do is i'm going to
dxRvCoGagH0-00450-00097351-00097503 i'm going to re-enable these clips that
dxRvCoGagH0-00451-00097504-00097655 i've made of me just kind of playing an
dxRvCoGagH0-00452-00097656-00097831 arp of these notes and take a listen to
dxRvCoGagH0-00453-00097832-00098289 this
dxRvCoGagH0-00454-00098290-00098876 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00455-00098877-00099335 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00456-00099336-00099526 now maybe another thing that we could do
dxRvCoGagH0-00457-00099527-00099718 is instead of doing it that way i could
dxRvCoGagH0-00458-00099719-00099879 just play different combinations of
dxRvCoGagH0-00459-00099880-00099982 these notes as chords
dxRvCoGagH0-00460-00099983-00100255 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00461-00100256-00100374 let's do that let's go ahead and record
dxRvCoGagH0-00462-00100375-00100483 that
dxRvCoGagH0-00463-00100484-00101462 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00464-00101463-00101574 and maybe this idea would make more
dxRvCoGagH0-00465-00101575-00102088 sense if i had more release time
dxRvCoGagH0-00466-00102089-00102775 [Music]
dxRvCoGagH0-00467-00102776-00102982 awesome so i realize that micro tonal
dxRvCoGagH0-00468-00102983-00103254 music is not for everybody but for me i
dxRvCoGagH0-00469-00103255-00103527 really enjoy the creative potential that
dxRvCoGagH0-00470-00103528-00103823 exists and just slightly out notes again
dxRvCoGagH0-00471-00103824-00104102 it's so human of us to enjoy
dxRvCoGagH0-00472-00104103-00104263 slightly detuned notes that's why you
dxRvCoGagH0-00473-00104264-00104454 see on every synthesizer the ability to
dxRvCoGagH0-00474-00104455-00104742 turn on the unison detune where it
dxRvCoGagH0-00475-00104743-00104966 sounds as if you have a choir of people
dxRvCoGagH0-00476-00104967-00105151 singing a bunch of notes that are
dxRvCoGagH0-00477-00105152-00105286 slightly out of each other it just
dxRvCoGagH0-00478-00105288-00105543 creates a new vibe right with microtuner
dxRvCoGagH0-00479-00105544-00105783 on ableton you're now able to explore
dxRvCoGagH0-00480-00105783-00106007 this in a totally different way right
dxRvCoGagH0-00481-00106008-00106190 anyway i hope that you enjoyed this if
dxRvCoGagH0-00482-00106191-00106310 you like this kind of thing like comment
dxRvCoGagH0-00483-00106311-00106486 subscribe you know what to do much love
dxRvCoGagH0-00484-00106488-00106916 everybody i'll see in the next video
dyImp6SBF1A-00000-00000000-00000928 [Music]
dyImp6SBF1A-00001-00000929-00001311 this is a paired-samples problem we're
dyImp6SBF1A-00002-00001312-00001689 given eight samples with the time
dyImp6SBF1A-00003-00001689-00002019 elapsed beginning and at the end and we
dyImp6SBF1A-00004-00002020-00002285 need to find the differences as part of
dyImp6SBF1A-00005-00002286-00002715 the paired samples t-test though you're
dyImp6SBF1A-00006-00002716-00002970 often asked to find D bar which is the
dyImp6SBF1A-00007-00002971-00003249 mean of the differences in S sub D which
dyImp6SBF1A-00008-00003250-00003420 is standard deviation of the differences
dyImp6SBF1A-00009-00003421-00003704 and statcrunch doesn't give you both of
dyImp6SBF1A-00010-00003705-00004022 those neatly built into the hypothesis
dyImp6SBF1A-00011-00004023-00004293 calculators but here's how you can can
dyImp6SBF1A-00012-00004294-00004565 get those let's go ahead and run the
dyImp6SBF1A-00013-00004566-00004809 hypothesis test this is paired sample
dyImp6SBF1A-00014-00004810-00005102 and we're going to select the beginning
dyImp6SBF1A-00015-00005103-00005427 time the end time and here's the key
dyImp6SBF1A-00016-00005428-00005732 part click on save the differences and
dyImp6SBF1A-00017-00005733-00006041 then we're gonna run the test put this
dyImp6SBF1A-00018-00006042-00006293 out of the way there's our differences D
dyImp6SBF1A-00019-00006294-00006543 little D and all we need to do then is
dyImp6SBF1A-00020-00006544-00006945 just go to summary stats columns pick
dyImp6SBF1A-00021-00006945-00007193 differences and then select the mean
dyImp6SBF1A-00022-00007194-00007434 pull down the control key standard
dyImp6SBF1A-00023-00007434-00007740 deviation and click compute and those
dyImp6SBF1A-00024-00007741-00007992 are the answers that is D bar which is
dyImp6SBF1A-00025-00007993-00008298 the mean of the differences and standard
dyImp6SBF1A-00026-00008299-00008541 deviation of the differences which is S
dyImp6SBF1A-00027-00008542-00008610 sub D
dyImp6SBF1A-00028-00008611-00009318 [Music]
dz3UtTuGIP0-00000-00000068-00000236 zookeeper is a tile-matching puzzle
dz3UtTuGIP0-00001-00000237-00000482 video game developed for the web by
dz3UtTuGIP0-00002-00000483-00000703 robot communications and later ported to
dz3UtTuGIP0-00003-00000704-00000968 the Nintendo DS by Japanese video game
dz3UtTuGIP0-00004-00000969-00001274 publisher success zookeeper was released
dz3UtTuGIP0-00005-00001275-00001565 for arcades in 2004 the game was then
dz3UtTuGIP0-00006-00001566-00001775 brought to American and European shores
dz3UtTuGIP0-00007-00001776-00001984 by ignition entertainment and has since
dz3UtTuGIP0-00008-00001985-00002165 been released for iOS and Android
dz3UtTuGIP0-00009-00002166-00002429 devices under the title zookeeper DX
dz3UtTuGIP0-00010-00002430-00002663 Touch edition by kid or ETSU in Japan
dz3UtTuGIP0-00011-00002664-00002837 before the release for Nintendo DS
dz3UtTuGIP0-00012-00002838-00003085 success released this game for Game Boy
dz3UtTuGIP0-00013-00003086-00003269 Advance and PlayStation 2 with
dz3UtTuGIP0-00014-00003270-00003563 alternative name zoo the PlayStation 2
dz3UtTuGIP0-00015-00003564-00003736 version of this game was later released
dz3UtTuGIP0-00016-00003738-00004010 in Europe by 505 game Street under the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00017-00004011-00004615 title zoo puzzle
dz3UtTuGIP0-00018-00004616-00005131 topic gameplay
dz3UtTuGIP0-00019-00005132-00005371 the objective of zookeeper is to remove
dz3UtTuGIP0-00020-00005372-00005563 the animal tiles that fill up the screen
dz3UtTuGIP0-00021-00005564-00005779 by aligning three or more in a row or
dz3UtTuGIP0-00022-00005780-00006073 column levels ends when a predetermined
dz3UtTuGIP0-00023-00006074-00006253 number of each animal tile has been
dz3UtTuGIP0-00024-00006254-00006562 removed tiles are aligned by swapping
dz3UtTuGIP0-00025-00006563-00006775 ones adjacent to each other if this
dz3UtTuGIP0-00026-00006776-00006981 causes a line of three or more matching
dz3UtTuGIP0-00027-00006983-00007177 tiles to form the tiles stay in their
dz3UtTuGIP0-00028-00007178-00007359 new position and the matching tiles are
dz3UtTuGIP0-00029-00007361-00007591 removed if no line of three or more
dz3UtTuGIP0-00030-00007592-00007798 matching tiles has formed the tiles
dz3UtTuGIP0-00031-00007798-00008065 revert to their original position lines
dz3UtTuGIP0-00032-00008066-00008260 can be horizontal or vertical and
dz3UtTuGIP0-00033-00008261-00008437 combinations can cause many lines
dz3UtTuGIP0-00034-00008438-00008749 disappear at the same time when titles
dz3UtTuGIP0-00035-00008750-00008938 disappear any titles above them on the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00036-00008939-00009133 screen fall down to fill the space
dz3UtTuGIP0-00037-00009134-00009376 if this results in a further line of
dz3UtTuGIP0-00038-00009377-00009679 three this line also disappears this is
dz3UtTuGIP0-00039-00009680-00009982 called a chine on the DS version the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00040-00009983-00010195 upper screen shows a favorite animal for
dz3UtTuGIP0-00041-00010196-00010414 which captures generate increased points
dz3UtTuGIP0-00042-00010415-00010708 it utilizes touch screen operation and
dz3UtTuGIP0-00043-00010709-00010906 the opportunity to battle another D s
dz3UtTuGIP0-00044-00010907-00011191 owner other versions allow two players
dz3UtTuGIP0-00045-00011192-00011473 to play at once on one screen although
dz3UtTuGIP0-00046-00011474-00011701 the game registers a maximum of five
dz3UtTuGIP0-00047-00011702-00011821 tiles in a row
dz3UtTuGIP0-00048-00011822-00012021 the player can get six seven or eight in
dz3UtTuGIP0-00049-00012022-00012370 a row in zookeeper one very important
dz3UtTuGIP0-00050-00012371-00012589 aspect that sets zookeeper apart from
dz3UtTuGIP0-00051-00012590-00012771 bejeweled and its many clones as the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00052-00012772-00012955 ability to switch tiles while another
dz3UtTuGIP0-00053-00012956-00013246 move is still in progress this allows
dz3UtTuGIP0-00054-00013247-00013465 the player to set up chains or to fake
dz3UtTuGIP0-00055-00013466-00013647 chains by creating multiple rows of
dz3UtTuGIP0-00056-00013648-00013957 three in quick succession if no moves
dz3UtTuGIP0-00057-00013958-00014166 are available the screen is reset but
dz3UtTuGIP0-00058-00014168-00014422 the clock keeps ticking similarly while
dz3UtTuGIP0-00059-00014422-00014599 chains are formed after a level is
dz3UtTuGIP0-00060-00014600-00014755 cleared the clock keeps ticking though
dz3UtTuGIP0-00061-00014756-00014943 the player is locked out from playing
dz3UtTuGIP0-00062-00014944-00015216 one challenge when playing zookeeper is
dz3UtTuGIP0-00063-00015218-00015502 the inability to find a valid move to
dz3UtTuGIP0-00064-00015503-00015684 combat this players can use the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00065-00015685-00015997 binoculars tool to show the position of
dz3UtTuGIP0-00066-00015997-00016216 any unmade moves at any time during the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00067-00016216-00016510 game a special panel may appear this is
dz3UtTuGIP0-00068-00016511-00016696 a tile which quickly flicks through all
dz3UtTuGIP0-00069-00016697-00016925 animal types giving it a flashing effect
dz3UtTuGIP0-00070-00016926-00017158 tapping on this tile will cause it to
dz3UtTuGIP0-00071-00017159-00017371 stop on one of the animals and all tiles
dz3UtTuGIP0-00072-00017372-00017547 of this type will be instantly removed
dz3UtTuGIP0-00073-00017548-00017775 from the screen a very rare phenomenon
dz3UtTuGIP0-00074-00017776-00018022 is where a row of three special panels
dz3UtTuGIP0-00075-00018023-00018268 is made the result is a rainbow like
dz3UtTuGIP0-00076-00018269-00018447 animation of the tiles and the word
dz3UtTuGIP0-00077-00018448-00018499 Revell
dz3UtTuGIP0-00078-00018500-00018691 Oshin appearing on the screen 1 million
dz3UtTuGIP0-00079-00018692-00018874 bonus points are rewarded when this
dz3UtTuGIP0-00080-00018875-00019426 happens
dz3UtTuGIP0-00081-00019427-00019955 topic gamemodes
dz3UtTuGIP0-00082-00019956-00020294 you
dz3UtTuGIP0-00083-00020295-00020816 topic zookeeper
dz3UtTuGIP0-00084-00020817-00021072 zookeeper mode sets a quota of animal
dz3UtTuGIP0-00085-00021073-00021276 tiles to remove in order to advance a
dz3UtTuGIP0-00086-00021277-00021552 level this quota starts at three animals
dz3UtTuGIP0-00087-00021553-00021852 as play progresses this quota increases
dz3UtTuGIP0-00088-00021853-00022011 while the time limit to meet the quota
dz3UtTuGIP0-00089-00022012-00022562 decreases
dz3UtTuGIP0-00090-00022563-00023043 topic two codon
dz3UtTuGIP0-00091-00023044-00023307 to codon is similar to the main mode but
dz3UtTuGIP0-00092-00023308-00023520 the quota is set at 100 animals in
dz3UtTuGIP0-00093-00023521-00023799 addition the player is not required to
dz3UtTuGIP0-00094-00023800-00024021 catch 100 of every animal but instead
dz3UtTuGIP0-00095-00024022-00024381 100 of just one type when 100 elephants
dz3UtTuGIP0-00096-00024382-00024579 for example are captured the screen
dz3UtTuGIP0-00097-00024580-00024747 clears and the points awarded for each
dz3UtTuGIP0-00098-00024748-00025023 cleared tile are increased the counter
dz3UtTuGIP0-00099-00025024-00025236 for elephants is reset to zero but the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00100-00025237-00025437 counters for all other animals remain as
dz3UtTuGIP0-00101-00025438-00025499 they are
dz3UtTuGIP0-00102-00025500-00025749 therefore it is common to increase by a
dz3UtTuGIP0-00103-00025750-00026427 few levels in a short period of time
dz3UtTuGIP0-00104-00026429-00026906 topic quest
dz3UtTuGIP0-00105-00026907-00027179 this mode consists of ten stages where
dz3UtTuGIP0-00106-00027180-00027344 the curator of the zoo set certain
dz3UtTuGIP0-00107-00027345-00027733 challenges these challenges are capture
dz3UtTuGIP0-00108-00027735-00027929 twenty Lions while capturing as few
dz3UtTuGIP0-00109-00027930-00028264 other animals as possible capture 15
dz3UtTuGIP0-00110-00028266-00028511 more giraffes than pandas or 15 more
dz3UtTuGIP0-00111-00028512-00028882 pandas than giraffes create 30 chains
dz3UtTuGIP0-00112-00028883-00029233 capture each animal only once pick a
dz3UtTuGIP0-00113-00029235-00029539 flashing multiplier or bonus move a
dz3UtTuGIP0-00114-00029541-00029708 flashing tile to the bottom of the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00115-00029708-00030067 screen capture 7 times without chaining
dz3UtTuGIP0-00116-00030068-00030364 capture a group of 4 or more animals 5
dz3UtTuGIP0-00117-00030366-00030502 times
dz3UtTuGIP0-00118-00030504-00030686 captured ten vertical lines while
dz3UtTuGIP0-00119-00030687-00030887 capturing as few horizontal lines as
dz3UtTuGIP0-00120-00030888-00031181 possible fill the timer this mode has
dz3UtTuGIP0-00121-00031182-00031358 attracted much criticism as the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00122-00031358-00031526 randomness of the challenges and rewards
dz3UtTuGIP0-00123-00031527-00031736 system mean that progressing is as much
dz3UtTuGIP0-00124-00031737-00031966 a matter of luck as it is of skill in
dz3UtTuGIP0-00125-00031967-00032207 particular in reference to the seventh
dz3UtTuGIP0-00126-00032208-00032348 challenge listed above
dz3UtTuGIP0-00127-00032349-00032489 Stewart Campbell wrote in his review
dz3UtTuGIP0-00128-00032489-00032651 that the game doesn't take into account
dz3UtTuGIP0-00129-00032652-00032858 that the random new items filling the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00130-00032859-00033041 places of the captured animals can
dz3UtTuGIP0-00131-00033042-00033218 inadvertently generate new captures
dz3UtTuGIP0-00132-00033219-00033864 making your challenge impossible
dz3UtTuGIP0-00133-00033865-00034367 topic Time Attack
dz3UtTuGIP0-00134-00034368-00034592 this mode is the same as the main game
dz3UtTuGIP0-00135-00034593-00034805 but with a time limit of six minutes the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00136-00034806-00035045 quote is needed for each level or
dz3UtTuGIP0-00137-00035046-00035564 reduced
dz3UtTuGIP0-00138-00035565-00036132 topic super-hard mode
dz3UtTuGIP0-00139-00036133-00036373 initially players can choose to play on
dz3UtTuGIP0-00140-00036374-00036673 easy medium or hard difficulties these
dz3UtTuGIP0-00141-00036674-00036886 difficulties give higher points values
dz3UtTuGIP0-00142-00036887-00037140 to each game type super hard mode is
dz3UtTuGIP0-00143-00037141-00037354 unlocked by placing top in each of the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00144-00037355-00038034 previous modes high-score tables
dz3UtTuGIP0-00145-00038035-00038574 topic known issues
dz3UtTuGIP0-00146-00038575-00038836 unlike most other DS games there does
dz3UtTuGIP0-00147-00038837-00039004 not seem to be any way to delete high
dz3UtTuGIP0-00148-00039005-00039242 scores and game progress in zookeeper
dz3UtTuGIP0-00149-00039243-00039555 the Japanese and US releases of the DS
dz3UtTuGIP0-00150-00039556-00039771 game had a bug in that closing the DS
dz3UtTuGIP0-00151-00039772-00039954 does not place the game into sleep mode
dz3UtTuGIP0-00152-00039955-00040140 instead continuing to drain the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00153-00040141-00040398 batteries this bug was fixed for the
dz3UtTuGIP0-00154-00040399-00040687 European release
d-hUNYu1PSU-00001-00010900-00013002 okay help me with this door whoa
d-hUNYu1PSU-00002-00013003-00014397 what's on the other side of that door
d-hUNYu1PSU-00004-00026952-00028904 come on it's clear you've been doing
d-hUNYu1PSU-00005-00028905-00031369 okay
d-hUNYu1PSU-00006-00031370-00032362 come on this way better hurry it up
d-hUNYu1PSU-00007-00032363-00032561 slowly over here
d-hUNYu1PSU-00009-00036042-00036769 me down
d-hUNYu1PSU-00011-00041309-00041693 listen you heavier be an Ewald again
d-hUNYu1PSU-00012-00041694-00043516 back up I'll shoot the lock
d-hUNYu1PSU-00013-00043517-00044399 help me Randy this place is crawling
d-hUNYu1PSU-00014-00044400-00044624 with agents the cloaca cutter could be
d-hUNYu1PSU-00015-00044625-00047317 in real trouble
d-hUNYu1PSU-00016-00047318-00047627 why aren't you in France we're rescuing
d-hUNYu1PSU-00017-00047628-00047837 you from what I thought you were
d-hUNYu1PSU-00018-00047838-00047960 catching or worse
d-hUNYu1PSU-00019-00047961-00048299 wait why Talbot ambushed us at the
d-hUNYu1PSU-00020-00048300-00048479 Chateau it was a trap yeah we figured
d-hUNYu1PSU-00021-00048480-00048668 they must have followed you too Wow yeah
d-hUNYu1PSU-00022-00048669-00048860 they're definitely here yeah no kidding
d-hUNYu1PSU-00023-00048861-00048962 so we might want to think about keeping
d-hUNYu1PSU-00024-00048963-00049058 it down a little
d-hUNYu1PSU-00025-00049059-00049223 what happened to you two we've been
d-hUNYu1PSU-00026-00049224-00049382 trying to reach you for over 24 hours
d-hUNYu1PSU-00027-00049383-00049610 oh I need to chop up my minutes you're
d-hUNYu1PSU-00028-00049611-00049808 using a prepaid phone mate those
d-hUNYu1PSU-00029-00049809-00050195 contracts are a complete ripoff broken
d-hUNYu1PSU-00030-00050196-00050576 again look just forget all that you'll
d-hUNYu1PSU-00031-00050577-00050889 never guess well we've discovered
d-hUNYu1PSU-00032-00050890-00051361 I've got it all in here not only did
d-hUNYu1PSU-00033-00051362-00051519 Elizabeth spy network stretched all the
d-hUNYu1PSU-00034-00051520-00051732 way over here but they were all part of
d-hUNYu1PSU-00035-00051733-00052029 some sort of hermetic secret society the
d-hUNYu1PSU-00036-00052030-00052233 British occult Secret Service the school
d-hUNYu1PSU-00037-00052234-00052449 of night the Hellfire Club the order of
d-hUNYu1PSU-00038-00052450-00052800 the Golden Dawn they're all connected so
d-hUNYu1PSU-00039-00052801-00053025 John Dee and Francis Walsingham and
d-hUNYu1PSU-00040-00053026-00053209 Walter Raleigh and even your mate Drake
d-hUNYu1PSU-00041-00053210-00053509 they were all in on it but for them it
d-hUNYu1PSU-00042-00053510-00053665 was all about the power controlling
d-hUNYu1PSU-00043-00053666-00053812 their enemies through espionage
d-hUNYu1PSU-00044-00053813-00054201 deception fear guys so Marlo and her
d-hUNYu1PSU-00045-00054202-00054535 crew are the same secret order 400 years
d-hUNYu1PSU-00046-00054536-00054748 on we cut to the goddamn chase please
d-hUNYu1PSU-00047-00054749-00054900 yeah we really need to keep moving
d-hUNYu1PSU-00048-00054901-00055420 sure sure yeah look
d-hUNYu1PSU-00049-00055421-00055924 court st superious a secret crow test
d-hUNYu1PSU-00050-00055925-00056479 and furious as above so below that's the
d-hUNYu1PSU-00051-00056479-00056797 key to all of this we need to get to the
d-hUNYu1PSU-00052-00056798-00056937 highest point of this castle
d-hUNYu1PSU-00053-00056938-00058150 thus the stairs well done should be able
d-hUNYu1PSU-00054-00058151-00058273 to find her way into the crypts with
d-hUNYu1PSU-00055-00058274-00058504 this clue the entrance has got to be
d-hUNYu1PSU-00056-00058504-00058746 hidden here someplace
d-hUNYu1PSU-00057-00058747-00059146 there that's the highest town okay so we
d-hUNYu1PSU-00058-00059147-00059382 just need to make our way across [__]
d-hUNYu1PSU-00059-00059383-00059449 bollocks
d-hUNYu1PSU-00060-00059450-00059998 get down now what all right the only way
d-hUNYu1PSU-00061-00059999-00060187 to the towers through them great
d-hUNYu1PSU-00062-00060188-00060346 whatever happened to that sneak in sneak
d-hUNYu1PSU-00063-00060347-00060630 out plan you can't quit now
d-hUNYu1PSU-00064-00060632-00060879 ya know when we're so close come on
d-hUNYu1PSU-00065-00060880-00062107 we'll find a way around him finish them
d-hUNYu1PSU-00067-00068706-00068910 there's an entrance at the base of it
d-hUNYu1PSU-00068-00068911-00068964 out
d-hUNYu1PSU-00069-00068965-00069165 well let's head to the top and see what
d-hUNYu1PSU-00070-00069166-00070641 we got enough said watch Charlie keep me
d-hUNYu1PSU-00071-00070642-00072738 here with this campfire mob fire - wotty
d-hUNYu1PSU-00072-00072739-00073374 - yeah well follow me I'll be 43
d-hUNYu1PSU-00073-00073375-00073488 tomorrow
d-hUNYu1PSU-00076-00086157-00089062 [Music]
d-hUNYu1PSU-00077-00089063-00089982 you be the sober sober did good
d-hUNYu1PSU-00079-00094519-00095009 now you need to kick it so Jim jump up
d-hUNYu1PSU-00081-00098338-00099558 [Music]
d-hUNYu1PSU-00083-00105431-00105865 I'm sure my best mr. what can good
d-hUNYu1PSU-00084-00105866-00107472 anyone at all
d-hUNYu1PSU-00086-00111758-00114344 one for ya up this way come on he was
d-hUNYu1PSU-00087-00114345-00114506 covered already yeah we'll just hurry it
d-hUNYu1PSU-00088-00114507-00114689 up lads okay we're sitting ducks out
d-hUNYu1PSU-00089-00114690-00115884 here yeah you see I was above so below
d-hUNYu1PSU-00090-00115885-00116183 but definitely in the red spot yeah yeah
d-hUNYu1PSU-00091-00116183-00116308 but their rights before law
d-hUNYu1PSU-00092-00116309-00116477 well the Crusaders would have hidden the
d-hUNYu1PSU-00093-00116478-00116600 entrance to the crypts somewhere in
d-hUNYu1PSU-00094-00116601-00117467 plain sight wait a sec
d-hUNYu1PSU-00095-00117468-00117840 yeah look the same symbol appears on
d-hUNYu1PSU-00096-00117841-00118443 Drake's map right next to this one fixed
d-hUNYu1PSU-00097-00118444-00118620 point in the night sky so if we follow
d-hUNYu1PSU-00098-00118621-00118803 that down of the castle what do you bet
d-hUNYu1PSU-00099-00118804-00118926 it points right to our hidden entrance
d-hUNYu1PSU-00100-00118927-00120014 can I see that
d-hUNYu1PSU-00101-00120015-00120635 nope me I will the will if you're not
d-hUNYu1PSU-00102-00120636-00120933 gonna use this coat give it back I'm
d-hUNYu1PSU-00103-00120933-00121578 gonna use it yeah I found it mm-hmm all
d-hUNYu1PSU-00104-00121579-00121752 right now let's see we can find that
d-hUNYu1PSU-00105-00121753-00121953 entrance should be directly below the
d-hUNYu1PSU-00106-00121954-00122411 North Star there it is well that's
d-hUNYu1PSU-00107-00122413-00122508 hidden in plain sight
d-hUNYu1PSU-00108-00122508-00122874 all right um guys yeah just a minute I
d-hUNYu1PSU-00110-00128982-00131461 this damn thing through
d-hUNYu1PSU-00112-00134487-00135155 come on we gotta move now
d-hUNYu1PSU-00113-00135156-00136236 right it's all clear come on come on
d-hUNYu1PSU-00114-00136237-00139087 come on
d-hUNYu1PSU-00115-00139088-00139772 hey down here guys okay yeah yeah we'll
d-hUNYu1PSU-00116-00139773-00141298 find a way around to meet up with you
d-hUNYu1PSU-00117-00141299-00141641 it's right there I've gotta check it out
d-hUNYu1PSU-00119-00156594-00156836 okay
d-hUNYu1PSU-00120-00156837-00157136 [__] gun annoying you
d-hUNYu1PSU-00122-00160481-00160871 okay hello my shop neat oh hey that
d-hUNYu1PSU-00123-00160872-00160988 helped me how all of us and they must
d-hUNYu1PSU-00124-00160989-00161264 have anemia with me
dAnCTQctAKA-00000-00000021-00000935 [Music]
dAnCTQctAKA-00001-00000936-00001407 yes i chaired the ada meeting for 2019
dAnCTQctAKA-00002-00001408-00001519 and
dAnCTQctAKA-00003-00001520-00001879 presently i'm chairing the adm for uh
dAnCTQctAKA-00004-00001880-00002359 council 2022. i also chaired the ad orc
dAnCTQctAKA-00005-00002360-00002647 meeting on regional presence that
dAnCTQctAKA-00006-00002648-00002902 reported to the cancer working group for
dAnCTQctAKA-00007-00002903-00003041 fhr
dAnCTQctAKA-00008-00003042-00003775 [Music]
dAnCTQctAKA-00009-00003776-00004119 well i've been participating in
dAnCTQctAKA-00010-00004120-00004263 itu
dAnCTQctAKA-00011-00004264-00004551 and
dAnCTQctAKA-00012-00004552-00004902 my region nominated me to chair these
dAnCTQctAKA-00013-00004903-00005016 meetings
dAnCTQctAKA-00014-00005017-00005527 [Music]
dAnCTQctAKA-00015-00005528-00005683 the
dAnCTQctAKA-00016-00005684-00005895 support i get
dAnCTQctAKA-00017-00005896-00006191 from the floor i listen to the floor
dAnCTQctAKA-00018-00006192-00006478 i try to feel the pulse of
dAnCTQctAKA-00019-00006479-00006870 the delegates and what it is
dAnCTQctAKA-00020-00006872-00007087 that they want
dAnCTQctAKA-00021-00007088-00007534 um at times they are conflicting views
dAnCTQctAKA-00022-00007536-00007614 but
dAnCTQctAKA-00023-00007615-00007927 we look out for what is the common views
dAnCTQctAKA-00024-00007928-00008095 that they have
dAnCTQctAKA-00025-00008095-00008214 and
dAnCTQctAKA-00026-00008215-00008495 when you listen to people they
dAnCTQctAKA-00027-00008496-00008667 respond to you positively
dAnCTQctAKA-00028-00008668-00009423 [Music]
dAnCTQctAKA-00029-00009424-00009583 a lot you need to bring in your
dAnCTQctAKA-00030-00009584-00009823 technical skills but there's a lot you
dAnCTQctAKA-00031-00009824-00010142 can do as a woman you bring in your
dAnCTQctAKA-00032-00010143-00010303 perspective as a
dAnCTQctAKA-00033-00010304-00010614 woman you have the soft skills to deal
dAnCTQctAKA-00034-00010615-00010735 with
dAnCTQctAKA-00035-00010736-00010838 issues
dAnCTQctAKA-00036-00010839-00011095 so i think it's good to involve more
dAnCTQctAKA-00037-00011096-00011287 women in such
dAnCTQctAKA-00038-00011288-00011646 sharing positions because they
dAnCTQctAKA-00039-00011647-00012070 bring in added value and contribute
dAnCTQctAKA-00040-00012071-00012295 some of the things we learnt with our
dAnCTQctAKA-00041-00012296-00012683 experiences in at home and in the
dAnCTQctAKA-00042-00012684-00014591 society to these meetings
dAnCTQctAKA-00043-00014591-00014800 you
dArXJy0E7Qk-00000-00000104-00001187 [Music]
dArXJy0E7Qk-00001-00001188-00001910 foreign
dArXJy0E7Qk-00002-00001911-00003838 [Music]
dArXJy0E7Qk-00003-00003839-00003902 foreign
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dAKIOU-s9P8-00000-00000025-00001343 [Music]
dAKIOU-s9P8-00001-00001344-00001830 you can see me running
dAKIOU-s9P8-00002-00001832-00002767 [Music]
dAKIOU-s9P8-00003-00002768-00002999 wanna see my other face looking at me
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dAKIOU-s9P8-00005-00003200-00003447 great many got love right have to
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dAKIOU-s9P8-00013-00011272-00011670 all i
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dAKIOU-s9P8-00016-00013216-00013447 wanna see my other face you can leave me
dAKIOU-s9P8-00017-00013447-00013647 i'm doing good with all y'all the life
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dAKIOU-s9P8-00021-00014702-00015719 [Music]
dAKIOU-s9P8-00022-00015719-00015928 you
dBS_D6CtBbI-00000-00000000-00000424 I am green Harris February 10th 1818 to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00001-00000425-00000761 July 8 1897 was an American politician
dBS_D6CtBbI-00002-00000762-00000952 who served as governor of Tennessee from
dBS_D6CtBbI-00003-00000952-00001350 1857 to 1862 and as a u.s. senator from
dBS_D6CtBbI-00004-00001351-00001688 1877 until his death he was the state's
dBS_D6CtBbI-00005-00001689-00001889 first governor from West Tennessee a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00006-00001889-00002123 pivotal figure in the state's history
dBS_D6CtBbI-00007-00002124-00002273 Harris was considered by his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00008-00002274-00002432 contemporaries the person most
dBS_D6CtBbI-00009-00002433-00002645 responsible for leading Tennessee out of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00010-00002646-00002785 the Union and aligning it with the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00011-00002786-00002975 Confederacy during the Civil War
dBS_D6CtBbI-00012-00002976-00003142 Harris rose to prominence in state
dBS_D6CtBbI-00013-00003143-00003370 politics in the late 1840s when he
dBS_D6CtBbI-00014-00003371-00003524 campaigned against the anti-slavery
dBS_D6CtBbI-00015-00003525-00003790 initiatives of northern Whigs he was
dBS_D6CtBbI-00016-00003792-00004004 elected governor amidst rising sectional
dBS_D6CtBbI-00017-00004004-00004256 strife in the late 1850s and following
dBS_D6CtBbI-00018-00004257-00004513 the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860
dBS_D6CtBbI-00019-00004514-00004697 persistently sought to sever the state's
dBS_D6CtBbI-00020-00004698-00004979 ties with the Union his wartime efforts
dBS_D6CtBbI-00021-00004980-00005227 eventually raised over 100,000 soldiers
dBS_D6CtBbI-00022-00005228-00005495 for the Confederate cause after the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00023-00005496-00005695 Union Army gained control of middle and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00024-00005696-00005995 West Tennessee in 1862 Harris spent the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00025-00005996-00006163 remainder of the war on the staffs of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00026-00006164-00006434 various Confederate generals following
dBS_D6CtBbI-00027-00006434-00006628 the war he spent several years in exile
dBS_D6CtBbI-00028-00006629-00006884 in Mexico and England after returning to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00029-00006884-00007081 Tennessee Harris became a leader of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00030-00007083-00007342 state's bourbon Democrats during his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00031-00007343-00007520 tenure in the US Senate he championed
dBS_D6CtBbI-00032-00007520-00007753 states rights and currency expansion as
dBS_D6CtBbI-00033-00007754-00008027 the Senate's President Pro temporary in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00034-00008028-00008276 the 1890s Harris led the charge against
dBS_D6CtBbI-00035-00008277-00008471 President Grover Cleveland's attempts to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00036-00008472-00009174 repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
dBS_D6CtBbI-00037-00009175-00009751 topic early life and career
dBS_D6CtBbI-00038-00009752-00009963 Harris was born in Franklin County
dBS_D6CtBbI-00039-00009964-00010195 Tennessee near Tullahoma he was the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00040-00010196-00010399 ninth child of Isham Greene Harris a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00041-00010400-00010596 farmer and Methodist minister and his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00042-00010597-00010899 wife Lucy Davidson Harris his parents
dBS_D6CtBbI-00043-00010900-00011095 had moved from North Carolina to Middle
dBS_D6CtBbI-00044-00011096-00011266 Tennessee in 1806
dBS_D6CtBbI-00045-00011267-00011548 he was educated at Carrick Academy in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00046-00011549-00011827 Winchester Tennessee until he was 14 he
dBS_D6CtBbI-00047-00011828-00012112 moved to Paris Tennessee where he joined
dBS_D6CtBbI-00048-00012113-00012301 up with his brother William an attorney
dBS_D6CtBbI-00049-00012302-00012660 and became a store clerk in 1838 with
dBS_D6CtBbI-00050-00012661-00012862 funds provided by his brother Harris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00051-00012863-00013066 established his own business in Ripley
dBS_D6CtBbI-00052-00013066-00013278 Mississippi an area that had only been
dBS_D6CtBbI-00053-00013279-00013480 recently opened to settlers after a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00054-00013481-00013675 treaty with the Chickasaw Indians while
dBS_D6CtBbI-00055-00013676-00013960 in Ripley Harris studied law he sold his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00056-00013961-00014146 successful business three years later
dBS_D6CtBbI-00057-00014147-00014425 for $7,000 and returned to Paris where
dBS_D6CtBbI-00058-00014426-00014611 he continued studying law under Judge
dBS_D6CtBbI-00059-00014612-00014983 Andrew Matt Campbell on May 3rd 1841 he
dBS_D6CtBbI-00060-00014984-00015153 was admitted to the bar in Henry County
dBS_D6CtBbI-00061-00015154-00015397 and began a lucrative practice in Paris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00062-00015397-00015628 he was considered one of the leading
dBS_D6CtBbI-00063-00015629-00015946 criminal attorneys in the state on July
dBS_D6CtBbI-00064-00015947-00016261 6th 1843 Harris married Martha Mariah
dBS_D6CtBbI-00065-00016262-00016555 Travis nicknamed Crockett the daughter
dBS_D6CtBbI-00066-00016556-00016806 of major Edward Travis a war of 1812
dBS_D6CtBbI-00067-00016807-00017158 veteran the couple had seven sons by
dBS_D6CtBbI-00068-00017159-00017530 1850 the family had a 300 acre 120
dBS_D6CtBbI-00069-00017531-00017908 hectares farm in a home in Paris by 1860
dBS_D6CtBbI-00070-00017909-00018214 their total property was worth $45,000
dBS_D6CtBbI-00071-00018215-00018463 and included 20 slaves and a plantation
dBS_D6CtBbI-00072-00018464-00018787 in Shelby County in 1847 Henry County
dBS_D6CtBbI-00073-00018788-00018988 Democrats convinced Harris to run for
dBS_D6CtBbI-00074-00018989-00019168 the district's Tennessee Senate seat in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00075-00019169-00019369 hopes of countering a strong campaign by
dBS_D6CtBbI-00076-00019370-00019590 local Whig politician William Hubbard
dBS_D6CtBbI-00077-00019591-00019846 anti-war comments made in August by the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00078-00019847-00020050 district's Whig congressional candidate
dBS_D6CtBbI-00079-00020051-00020275 William T Haskell damaged Hubbard's
dBS_D6CtBbI-00080-00020276-00020550 campaign and he quit the race Harris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00081-00020551-00020740 easily defeated the last minute Whig
dBS_D6CtBbI-00082-00020741-00021000 replacement Joseph's rural hoe shortly
dBS_D6CtBbI-00083-00021001-00021199 after taking his seat he sponsored a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00084-00021200-00021381 resolution condemning the Wilmot Proviso
dBS_D6CtBbI-00085-00021382-00021574 which would have banned slavery in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00086-00021575-00021739 territories acquired during the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00087-00021740-00022044 mexican-american war in 1848 Harris was
dBS_D6CtBbI-00088-00022045-00022252 an elector for unsuccessful presidential
dBS_D6CtBbI-00089-00022253-00022540 candidate Lewis Cass in May of that year
dBS_D6CtBbI-00090-00022541-00022771 he engaged in a six-hour debate in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00091-00022772-00022987 Clarksville with Aaron Goodrich elector
dBS_D6CtBbI-00092-00022988-00023130 for Zachary Taylor
dBS_D6CtBbI-00093-00023131-00023302 was nominated as the Democratic
dBS_D6CtBbI-00094-00023303-00023494 candidate for the state's ninth district
dBS_D6CtBbI-00095-00023495-00023697 seat in the US House of Representatives
dBS_D6CtBbI-00096-00023698-00024048 in 18-49 after successfully tying his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00097-00024049-00024255 opponent to unpopular positions of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00098-00024256-00024444 national Whig party Harris won the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00099-00024445-00024687 election easily he spent much of his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00100-00024688-00024928 term attacking the compromise of 1850
dBS_D6CtBbI-00101-00024929-00025086 though he also chaired the House
dBS_D6CtBbI-00102-00025087-00025375 Committee on invalid pensions Harris was
dBS_D6CtBbI-00103-00025376-00025522 re-elected to a second term
dBS_D6CtBbI-00104-00025523-00025705 but after Whigs gained control of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00105-00025706-00026008 state legislature in 1851 his district
dBS_D6CtBbI-00106-00026008-00026187 was gerrymandered and he did not seek a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00107-00026188-00026747 third term
dBS_D6CtBbI-00108-00026748-00027326 topic governor of Tennessee
dBS_D6CtBbI-00109-00027327-00027626 in 1856 Harris was chosen as the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00110-00027627-00027808 presidential elector for the state's
dBS_D6CtBbI-00111-00027809-00027995 at-large district a position that
dBS_D6CtBbI-00112-00027995-00028165 required him to canvass the state on
dBS_D6CtBbI-00113-00028166-00028358 behalf of Democratic candidate James
dBS_D6CtBbI-00114-00028358-00028615 Buchanan he largely out shown the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00115-00028616-00028837 district's Whig elector ex governor Neal
dBS_D6CtBbI-00116-00028838-00029168 s Braun this campaign elevated Harris to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00117-00029169-00029573 statewide prominence in 1857 Tennessee's
dBS_D6CtBbI-00118-00029574-00029815 Democratic governor Andrew Johnson was
dBS_D6CtBbI-00119-00029816-00029983 seriously injured in a train accident
dBS_D6CtBbI-00120-00029984-00030208 and was unable to run for re-election
dBS_D6CtBbI-00121-00030209-00030430 Harris was nominated as his replacement
dBS_D6CtBbI-00122-00030431-00030677 and embarked on a campaign that included
dBS_D6CtBbI-00123-00030677-00030860 a series of debates with his opponent
dBS_D6CtBbI-00124-00030861-00031154 Robert H Hatton with sectional strife in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00125-00031155-00031367 Congress fueling both campaigns these
dBS_D6CtBbI-00126-00031368-00031546 debates were often heated and fights
dBS_D6CtBbI-00127-00031547-00031748 frequently broke out among spectators
dBS_D6CtBbI-00128-00031749-00031955 and in one instance between Harris and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00129-00031956-00032201 Hatton Hatton was unable to distance
dBS_D6CtBbI-00130-00032202-00032402 himself from northern abolitionists and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00131-00032402-00032733 Harris won the election by a vote of 70
dBS_D6CtBbI-00132-00032734-00033062 1178 to 59 thousand eight hundred seven
dBS_D6CtBbI-00133-00033063-00033251 Harris victory was not only the death
dBS_D6CtBbI-00134-00033252-00033430 knell for the state's know-nothings who
dBS_D6CtBbI-00135-00033431-00033554 had briefly risen to prominence
dBS_D6CtBbI-00136-00033555-00033758 following the collapse of the national
dBS_D6CtBbI-00137-00033759-00033956 Whig Party but also represented a shift
dBS_D6CtBbI-00138-00033957-00034154 in Tennessee politics toward the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00139-00034155-00034414 Democratic Party during the previous two
dBS_D6CtBbI-00140-00034415-00034643 decades Whigs and Democrats had been
dBS_D6CtBbI-00141-00034644-00034823 evenly matched statewide with Whigs
dBS_D6CtBbI-00142-00034824-00035033 controlling East Tennessee Democrats
dBS_D6CtBbI-00143-00035034-00035227 controlling Middle Tennessee and the two
dBS_D6CtBbI-00144-00035228-00035424 parties evenly split in West Tennessee
dBS_D6CtBbI-00145-00035425-00035665 the nationwide debate over the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00146-00035666-00035843 kansas-nebraska Act and the Dred Scott
dBS_D6CtBbI-00147-00035844-00036068 case pushed the issue of slavery to the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00148-00036069-00036287 forefront in the mid 1850s and the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00149-00036288-00036482 balance in West Tennessee was tipped in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00150-00036483-00036799 favor of the Democrats Harris 11,000
dBS_D6CtBbI-00151-00036800-00036977 vote victory was relatively large
dBS_D6CtBbI-00152-00036978-00037235 considering his predecessor Johnson had
dBS_D6CtBbI-00153-00037236-00037442 won by just over two thousand votes in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00154-00037443-00037918 both 1853 and 1855 in 1859 Harris ran
dBS_D6CtBbI-00155-00037919-00038126 for re-election against John Netherland
dBS_D6CtBbI-00156-00038127-00038273 who had been nominated by a hodgepodge
dBS_D6CtBbI-00157-00038274-00038539 group of ex Whigs X know-nothings and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00158-00038540-00038732 disgruntled Democrats known as the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00159-00038733-00039023 opposition party Harris again campaigned
dBS_D6CtBbI-00160-00039024-00039218 on fears of northern domination while
dBS_D6CtBbI-00161-00039219-00039370 Netherland argued that the US
dBS_D6CtBbI-00162-00039371-00039545 Constitution provided the best
dBS_D6CtBbI-00163-00039546-00039733 protection for southern rights and thus
dBS_D6CtBbI-00164-00039734-00039889 it was in the state's interest to remain
dBS_D6CtBbI-00165-00039890-00040120 in the Union on Election Day
dBS_D6CtBbI-00166-00040121-00040420 Hera's prevailed by over 8,000 votes the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00167-00040421-00040631 opposition party however showed its
dBS_D6CtBbI-00168-00040632-00040721 strength by capped
dBS_D6CtBbI-00169-00040722-00040853 during seven of the state's ten
dBS_D6CtBbI-00170-00040854-00041465 congressional seats
dBS_D6CtBbI-00171-00041466-00042090 topic secession and the civil war
dBS_D6CtBbI-00172-00042091-00042367 Harris endorsed John C Breckinridge for
dBS_D6CtBbI-00173-00042368-00042604 president in 1860 and warned that the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00174-00042605-00042780 state must consider secession if the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00175-00042781-00043068 reckless fanatics of the north should
dBS_D6CtBbI-00176-00043069-00043248 gain control of the federal government
dBS_D6CtBbI-00177-00043249-00043480 following Lincoln's election in November
dBS_D6CtBbI-00178-00043481-00043677 Harris convened a special session of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00179-00043678-00044023 legislature on January 7th 1861 which
dBS_D6CtBbI-00180-00044024-00044196 ordered a statewide referendum on
dBS_D6CtBbI-00181-00044197-00044376 whether or not Tennessee should consider
dBS_D6CtBbI-00182-00044377-00044673 secession pro-union newspapers assailed
dBS_D6CtBbI-00183-00044674-00044883 Harris actions as treasonous the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00184-00044884-00045067 Huntingdon Carroll patriot wrote that
dBS_D6CtBbI-00185-00045068-00045249 Harris was more deserving of the gallows
dBS_D6CtBbI-00186-00045250-00045558 than Benedict Arnold William parson
dBS_D6CtBbI-00187-00045559-00045814 Brownlow editor of the Knoxville Whig
dBS_D6CtBbI-00188-00045815-00046057 particularly despised Harris calling him
dBS_D6CtBbI-00189-00046058-00046470 I shall end King Harris and slammed his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00190-00046471-00046674 actions as autocratic when the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00191-00046675-00046824 referendum was held in February
dBS_D6CtBbI-00192-00046825-00047089 Tennesseans rejected secession by a vote
dBS_D6CtBbI-00193-00047090-00047424 of 68,000 to 59,000 following the Battle
dBS_D6CtBbI-00194-00047425-00047727 of Fort Sumter in April 1861 President
dBS_D6CtBbI-00195-00047728-00047967 Lincoln ordered Harris to furnish 50,000
dBS_D6CtBbI-00196-00047968-00048114 soldiers for the suppression of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00197-00048115-00048345 rebellion reading his response to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00198-00048346-00048520 Lincoln before a raucous crowd in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00199-00048521-00048801 Nashville on April 17th Harris said not
dBS_D6CtBbI-00200-00048802-00048996 a single man will be furnished from
dBS_D6CtBbI-00201-00048997-00049267 Tennessee and stated he would rather cut
dBS_D6CtBbI-00202-00049268-00049458 off his right arm than sign the order on
dBS_D6CtBbI-00203-00049459-00049770 April 25th Harris addressed a special
dBS_D6CtBbI-00204-00049771-00049992 session of the state legislature stating
dBS_D6CtBbI-00205-00049993-00050149 that the Union had been destroyed by the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00206-00050150-00050427 bloody and tyrannical policies of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00207-00050428-00050710 presidential usurper and called for an
dBS_D6CtBbI-00208-00050711-00050895 end to the state's ties to the United
dBS_D6CtBbI-00209-00050896-00051211 States shortly afterward the legislature
dBS_D6CtBbI-00210-00051212-00051381 authorized Harris to enter into a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00211-00051382-00051574 compact with the new Confederate States
dBS_D6CtBbI-00212-00051575-00051954 of America in May 1861 Harris began
dBS_D6CtBbI-00213-00051955-00052186 organizing and raising soldiers for what
dBS_D6CtBbI-00214-00052187-00052365 would become the army of Tennessee that
dBS_D6CtBbI-00215-00052366-00052656 same month a steamboat the Hillman which
dBS_D6CtBbI-00216-00052657-00052816 was carrying a shipment of lead to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00217-00052816-00053013 Nashville from st. Louis was seized by
dBS_D6CtBbI-00218-00053014-00053275 the governor of Illinois in response
dBS_D6CtBbI-00219-00053276-00053616 Harris seized $75,000 from the customs
dBS_D6CtBbI-00220-00053617-00053916 office in Nashville On June 8 1861
dBS_D6CtBbI-00221-00053917-00054112 Tennesseans voted in favor of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00222-00054113-00054306 Ordinance of Secession one hundred four
dBS_D6CtBbI-00223-00054307-00054553 thousand nine hundred thirteen to 47
dBS_D6CtBbI-00224-00054554-00054724 thousand two hundred thirty-eight a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00225-00054725-00054975 group of pro union leaders in East
dBS_D6CtBbI-00226-00054976-00055143 Tennessee which had rejected the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00227-00055144-00055324 ordinance petitioned Harris to allow the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00228-00055325-00055489 region to break away from the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00229-00055490-00055714 and remain with the Union Harris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00230-00055715-00055900 rejected this and sent troops under
dBS_D6CtBbI-00231-00055901-00056113 Felix Kazanlak offer into East Tennessee
dBS_D6CtBbI-00232-00056114-00056430 in the gubernatorial election later that
dBS_D6CtBbI-00233-00056432-00056665 year William H Polk brother of former
dBS_D6CtBbI-00234-00056666-00056911 President James capo ran against Harris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00235-00056912-00057109 on a pro-union ticket but was defeated
dBS_D6CtBbI-00236-00057110-00057325 seventy five thousand three hundred to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00237-00057326-00057526 forty three thousand four hundred ninety
dBS_D6CtBbI-00238-00057527-00057763 five the Union Army invaded Tennessee in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00239-00057764-00058041 November 1861 and had gained control of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00240-00058042-00058198 Nashville by February of the following
dBS_D6CtBbI-00241-00058199-00058504 year Harris and the state legislature
dBS_D6CtBbI-00242-00058504-00058690 moved to Memphis but after that city
dBS_D6CtBbI-00243-00058691-00058891 fell Harris joined the staff of General
dBS_D6CtBbI-00244-00058891-00059119 Albert Sidney Johnston at the Battle of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00245-00059120-00059326 Shiloh on April 6th Harris found
dBS_D6CtBbI-00246-00059327-00059517 Johnston's slumping in his saddle and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00247-00059519-00059728 asked if he was wounded - which Johnston
dBS_D6CtBbI-00248-00059729-00060124 replied yes I fear gravely so Harris and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00249-00060125-00060325 other staff officers moved the general
dBS_D6CtBbI-00250-00060326-00060492 to a small ravine and attempted to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00251-00060494-00060700 render 8 but Johnston died within a few
dBS_D6CtBbI-00252-00060701-00060964 minutes Harris and the others secretly
dBS_D6CtBbI-00253-00060965-00061195 moved his body to Shiloh Church so as
dBS_D6CtBbI-00254-00061196-00061384 not to damage the morale of Confederate
dBS_D6CtBbI-00255-00061385-00061678 troops Harris spent the remainder of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00256-00061679-00061888 war as an aide to camp on the staffs of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00257-00061889-00062089 various Confederate generals among them
dBS_D6CtBbI-00258-00062090-00062362 Joseph E Johnston Braxton Bragg John B
dBS_D6CtBbI-00259-00062363-00062713 hood and PGT Beauregard Andrew Johnson
dBS_D6CtBbI-00260-00062714-00062899 was appointed military governor by
dBS_D6CtBbI-00261-00062900-00063184 President Lincoln in March 1862 though
dBS_D6CtBbI-00262-00063185-00063385 Harris was still recognized as governor
dBS_D6CtBbI-00263-00063386-00063694 by the Confederacy in 1863
dBS_D6CtBbI-00264-00063695-00063910 Tennessee's Confederates elected Robert
dBS_D6CtBbI-00265-00063911-00064114 L Carruthers as a successor to Harris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00266-00064115-00064300 but Carruthers never took office
dBS_D6CtBbI-00267-00064301-00064542 Harris was still issuing edicts as
dBS_D6CtBbI-00268-00064544-00064888 governor as late as November 1864 after
dBS_D6CtBbI-00269-00064889-00065110 the war the United States Congress
dBS_D6CtBbI-00270-00065111-00065301 passed a joint resolution allowing the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00271-00065302-00065482 Governor of Tennessee to offer a reward
dBS_D6CtBbI-00272-00065483-00065680 for the apprehension of Harris because
dBS_D6CtBbI-00273-00065681-00065941 he was guilty of treason perjury and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00274-00065942-00066259 theft Brownlow who had become governor
dBS_D6CtBbI-00275-00066260-00066418 issued a warrant for the arrest of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00276-00066419-00066813 Harris and placed a $5,000 bounty on him
dBS_D6CtBbI-00277-00066814-00067054 Brownlow taunted Harris in the warrant
dBS_D6CtBbI-00278-00067055-00067249 stating his eyes are deep and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00279-00067250-00067551 penetrating a perfect index to a heart
dBS_D6CtBbI-00280-00067552-00067822 of a traitor with the scowl and frown of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00281-00067823-00068110 the demon resting upon his brow his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00282-00068111-00068314 study of mischief and the practice of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00283-00068315-00068530 crime have brought upon him premature
dBS_D6CtBbI-00284-00068531-00068759 baldness and a gray beard
dBS_D6CtBbI-00285-00068760-00069001 he further noted that Harris chews
dBS_D6CtBbI-00286-00069002-00069272 tobacco rapidly and as inordinately fond
dBS_D6CtBbI-00287-00069273-00069584 of liqueurs Harris fled to Mexico where
dBS_D6CtBbI-00288-00069585-00069773 he and several other ex-confederates
dBS_D6CtBbI-00289-00069774-00069905 attempted to rally with Emperor
dBS_D6CtBbI-00290-00069906-00070210 Maximilian after Maximilian's fall in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00291-00070211-00070330 1867
dBS_D6CtBbI-00292-00070331-00070553 however Harris was again forced to fleet
dBS_D6CtBbI-00293-00070554-00070669 this time to England
dBS_D6CtBbI-00294-00070670-00070862 later that year after learning Brownlow
dBS_D6CtBbI-00295-00070863-00071009 would rescind the warrant Harris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00296-00071010-00071261 returned to Tennessee passing through
dBS_D6CtBbI-00297-00071262-00071474 Nashville he called on Brownlow who is
dBS_D6CtBbI-00298-00071475-00071591 said to have greeted him with the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00299-00071592-00071804 statement while the lamp holds out to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00300-00071805-00072085 burn the vilest sinner may return
dBS_D6CtBbI-00301-00072086-00072319 afterward he returned to Memphis to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00302-00072320-00072858 practice law
dBS_D6CtBbI-00303-00072859-00073437 topic United States Senate
dBS_D6CtBbI-00304-00073438-00073806 by 1877 the Tennessee State Legislature
dBS_D6CtBbI-00305-00073807-00073968 which was once again controlled by
dBS_D6CtBbI-00306-00073969-00074181 Democrats elected Harris to one of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00307-00074182-00074442 state's US Senate seats one of his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00308-00074443-00074649 earliest assignments in the 46th
dBS_D6CtBbI-00309-00074650-00074988 Congress 1879 to 81 was the District of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00310-00074989-00075219 Columbia committee subsequent
dBS_D6CtBbI-00311-00075220-00075378 assignments included the Committee on
dBS_D6CtBbI-00312-00075379-00075645 epidemic diseases in the 49th Congress
dBS_D6CtBbI-00313-00075646-00076008 through the 52nd Congress 1885 to 93 and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00314-00076009-00076221 the Committee on private land claims in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00315-00076222-00076599 the 54th Congress 1895 to 97 during his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00316-00076600-00076791 first term in the Senate Harris became
dBS_D6CtBbI-00317-00076792-00076950 the leader of Tennessee's bourbon
dBS_D6CtBbI-00318-00076951-00077145 Democrats a wing of the Democratic Party
dBS_D6CtBbI-00319-00077146-00077364 that generally supported lays a fair
dBS_D6CtBbI-00320-00077365-00077655 capitalism and the gold standard as such
dBS_D6CtBbI-00321-00077656-00077838 harris spent his early senate career
dBS_D6CtBbI-00322-00077839-00078069 advocating strict constructionism and
dBS_D6CtBbI-00323-00078070-00078276 limited government states rights and low
dBS_D6CtBbI-00324-00078277-00078603 tariffs in 1884 he was interviewed by
dBS_D6CtBbI-00325-00078604-00078816 president-elect Grover Cleveland for a
dBS_D6CtBbI-00326-00078817-00079158 cabinet position in 1887 he gave an
dBS_D6CtBbI-00327-00079159-00079326 impassioned speech in favor of the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00328-00079327-00079571 repeal of the tenure of office act in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00329-00079572-00079839 1890 Harris denounced the lodge bill
dBS_D6CtBbI-00330-00079840-00080022 which would have protected voting rights
dBS_D6CtBbI-00331-00080023-00080181 for African Americans in the South
dBS_D6CtBbI-00332-00080182-00080406 arguing that it violated states rights
dBS_D6CtBbI-00333-00080407-00080577 though a bourbon Democrat Harris
dBS_D6CtBbI-00334-00080578-00080808 representing an agrarian state was also
dBS_D6CtBbI-00335-00080809-00081144 a silver Democrat believing Pro silver
dBS_D6CtBbI-00336-00081145-00081417 policies protected farmers he supported
dBS_D6CtBbI-00337-00081418-00081684 the bland Allisyn Act of 1878 which
dBS_D6CtBbI-00338-00081685-00081858 authorized the federal government to
dBS_D6CtBbI-00339-00081859-00082050 purchase silver to prevent deflation in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00340-00082051-00082338 crop prices he also supported the ax
dBS_D6CtBbI-00341-00082339-00082524 replacement the Sherman Silver Purchase
dBS_D6CtBbI-00342-00082525-00082986 Act of 1890 in 1893 President Cleveland
dBS_D6CtBbI-00343-00082987-00083139 concerned that the Sherman Act was
dBS_D6CtBbI-00344-00083140-00083373 depleting the u.s. gold supply side its
dBS_D6CtBbI-00345-00083374-00083616 repeal when the vote came up in the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00346-00083617-00083853 Senate in October Harris as president
dBS_D6CtBbI-00347-00083854-00084057 pro tempore launched a filibuster in
dBS_D6CtBbI-00348-00084058-00084255 hopes of preventing the acts repeal but
dBS_D6CtBbI-00349-00084256-00084519 was unsuccessful disgruntled over the
dBS_D6CtBbI-00350-00084520-00084690 repeal of the Sherman Act Peres
dBS_D6CtBbI-00351-00084691-00084915 campaigned for unsuccessful presidential
dBS_D6CtBbI-00352-00084916-00085110 candidate and gold-standard opponent
dBS_D6CtBbI-00353-00085111-00085867 William Jennings Bryan in 1896
dBS_D6CtBbI-00354-00085868-00086422 topic death and legacy
dBS_D6CtBbI-00355-00086423-00086827 Harris died in office on July 8 1897 his
dBS_D6CtBbI-00356-00086828-00087016 funeral was held in the Senate chamber
dBS_D6CtBbI-00357-00087017-00087301 of the United States Capitol congressman
dBS_D6CtBbI-00358-00087302-00087559 Walter P Brownlow a nephew of Harris's
dBS_D6CtBbI-00359-00087560-00087769 old rival parson Brownlow was among
dBS_D6CtBbI-00360-00087770-00087949 those who delivered a memorial address
dBS_D6CtBbI-00361-00087950-00088204 in his honor he is interred at Elmwood
dBS_D6CtBbI-00362-00088205-00088809 Cemetery in Memphis
dBS_D6CtBbI-00363-00088810-00089192 topic see also
dBS_D6CtBbI-00364-00089193-00089346 you
dBS_D6CtBbI-00365-00089347-00089685 list of governors of Tennessee list of
dBS_D6CtBbI-00366-00089686-00089889 United States Congress members who died
dBS_D6CtBbI-00367-00089890-00090351 in office 1790 to 1899
dFqc9uGNWvU-00000-00000049-00000354 the Gaza Strip Arabic khuda Gucci Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00001-00000355-00000605 cutie azza or simply Gaza is a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00002-00000606-00000854 self-governing Palestinian territory on
dFqc9uGNWvU-00003-00000855-00001035 the eastern coast of the Mediterranean
dFqc9uGNWvU-00004-00001036-00001257 Sea that borders Egypt on the southwest
dFqc9uGNWvU-00005-00001258-00001577 for 11 kilometres 6.8 miles and Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00006-00001578-00001770 on the east and north along a 51
dFqc9uGNWvU-00007-00001771-00002097 kilometers three 2-miles border Gaza and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00008-00002098-00002267 the West Bank are claimed by the state
dFqc9uGNWvU-00009-00002268-00002600 of Palestine the territories of Gaza and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00010-00002601-00002772 the West Bank are separated from each
dFqc9uGNWvU-00011-00002773-00003068 other by Israeli territory both fell
dFqc9uGNWvU-00012-00003069-00003198 under the jurisdiction of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00013-00003199-00003333 Palestinian Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-00014-00003334-00003588 but Gaza has since June 2007 been
dFqc9uGNWvU-00015-00003589-00003827 governed by Hamas a Palestinian Islamic
dFqc9uGNWvU-00016-00003828-00004065 organization which came to power in free
dFqc9uGNWvU-00017-00004065-00004383 elections in 2006 it has been placed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00018-00004384-00004542 under an Israeli and us-led
dFqc9uGNWvU-00019-00004543-00004722 international economic and political
dFqc9uGNWvU-00020-00004723-00004944 boycott from that time onwards the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00021-00004945-00005268 territory is 41 kilometres 25 miles long
dFqc9uGNWvU-00022-00005269-00005634 and from 6 to 12 kilometers 3.7 to seven
dFqc9uGNWvU-00023-00005635-00005859 point five miles wide with a total area
dFqc9uGNWvU-00024-00005860-00006273 of 365 square kilometres 141 square
dFqc9uGNWvU-00025-00006274-00006548 miles with around one point eight five
dFqc9uGNWvU-00026-00006550-00006876 million Palestinians on some 362 square
dFqc9uGNWvU-00027-00006877-00007070 kilometers Gaza ranks as the third most
dFqc9uGNWvU-00028-00007071-00007363 densely populated polity in the world an
dFqc9uGNWvU-00029-00007364-00007620 extensive Israeli buffer zone within the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00030-00007620-00007830 strip renders much land off-limits to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00031-00007831-00008133 Gaza spalatin ian's Gaza has an annual
dFqc9uGNWvU-00032-00008134-00008505 population growth rate of 2.9 1% 2014
dFqc9uGNWvU-00033-00008506-00008733 asked the 13th highest in the world and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00034-00008734-00008994 is often referred to as overcrowded the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00035-00008995-00009185 population is expected to increase to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00036-00009186-00009576 2.1 million in 2020 by that time Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00037-00009577-00009726 may be rendered unlivable
dFqc9uGNWvU-00038-00009727-00009984 if present trends continue due to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00039-00009985-00010214 Israeli and Egyptian border closures and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00040-00010215-00010409 the Israeli sea and air blockade the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00041-00010410-00010605 population is not free to leave or enter
dFqc9uGNWvU-00042-00010606-00010794 the Gaza Strip nor allowed to freely
dFqc9uGNWvU-00043-00010795-00011102 import or export goods Sunni Muslims
dFqc9uGNWvU-00044-00011103-00011267 make up the predominant part of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00045-00011268-00011542 Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00046-00011543-00011852 despite the 2005 Israeli disengagement
dFqc9uGNWvU-00047-00011853-00012048 from Gaza the United Nations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00048-00012049-00012281 international human rights organizations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00049-00012282-00012467 and the majority of governments and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00050-00012468-00012635 legal commentators consider the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00051-00012636-00012837 territory to be still occupied by Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00052-00012838-00013056 supported by additional restrictions
dFqc9uGNWvU-00053-00013057-00013341 placed on Gaza by Egypt Israel maintains
dFqc9uGNWvU-00054-00013341-00013428 direct
dFqc9uGNWvU-00055-00013429-00013667 external control over Gaza and indirect
dFqc9uGNWvU-00056-00013668-00013866 control over life within Gaza it
dFqc9uGNWvU-00057-00013866-00014084 controls Gaza Zaire and maritime space
dFqc9uGNWvU-00058-00014085-00014414 and six of Gaza seven land crossings it
dFqc9uGNWvU-00059-00014415-00014619 reserves the right to enter Gaza at will
dFqc9uGNWvU-00060-00014619-00014834 with its military and maintains a no-go
dFqc9uGNWvU-00061-00014835-00015044 buffer zone within the Gaza territory
dFqc9uGNWvU-00062-00015044-00015314 Gaza is dependent on Israel for its
dFqc9uGNWvU-00063-00015315-00015600 water electricity telecommunications and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00064-00015601-00015884 other utilities the system of control
dFqc9uGNWvU-00065-00015885-00016100 imposed by Israel as described as an
dFqc9uGNWvU-00066-00016101-00016428 indirect occupation when Hamas won the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00067-00016429-00016719 Palestinian legislative election 2006
dFqc9uGNWvU-00068-00016720-00016928 Palestinian political party Fattah
dFqc9uGNWvU-00069-00016929-00017144 refused to join the proposed coalition
dFqc9uGNWvU-00070-00017145-00017300 until a short-lived unity government
dFqc9uGNWvU-00071-00017301-00017528 agreement was brokered by Saudi Arabia
dFqc9uGNWvU-00072-00017529-00017808 when this collapsed under joint Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00073-00017809-00017969 and United States pressure the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00074-00017970-00018189 Palestinian Authority instituted a non
dFqc9uGNWvU-00075-00018190-00018380 Hamas government in the West Bank while
dFqc9uGNWvU-00076-00018381-00018572 Hamas formed a government on its own in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00077-00018573-00018849 Gaza further economic sanctions were
dFqc9uGNWvU-00078-00018850-00019044 imposed by Israel and the European
dFqc9uGNWvU-00079-00019045-00019355 quartet against Hamas a brief civil war
dFqc9uGNWvU-00080-00019356-00019562 between the two groups had broken out in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00081-00019563-00019775 Gaza when apparently under a us-backed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00082-00019776-00019964 plan fada contested Hamas as
dFqc9uGNWvU-00083-00019965-00020222 administration Hamas emerged the victor
dFqc9uGNWvU-00084-00020223-00020468 and expelled Fatah allied officials and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00085-00020469-00020646 members of the pause security apparatus
dFqc9uGNWvU-00086-00020647-00020846 from the strip and has remained the sole
dFqc9uGNWvU-00087-00020847-00021357 governing power in Gaza since that date
dFqc9uGNWvU-00088-00021358-00021858 topic history
dFqc9uGNWvU-00089-00021859-00022467 topic rule over Gaza overview
dFqc9uGNWvU-00090-00022468-00022664 Gazza was part of the Ottoman Empire
dFqc9uGNWvU-00091-00022665-00022863 before it was occupied by the United
dFqc9uGNWvU-00092-00022864-00023424 Kingdom 1918 to 1948 Egypt 1948 to 1967
dFqc9uGNWvU-00093-00023425-00023733 and then Israel which in 1994 granted
dFqc9uGNWvU-00094-00023734-00023903 the Palestinian Authority in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00095-00023904-00024111 limited self-governance through the Oslo
dFqc9uGNWvU-00096-00024112-00024483 Accords since 2007 the Gaza Strip has
dFqc9uGNWvU-00097-00024484-00024696 been de facto governed by Hamas which
dFqc9uGNWvU-00098-00024697-00024878 claims to represent the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00099-00024879-00025077 National Authority and the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00100-00025078-00025392 people the territory is still considered
dFqc9uGNWvU-00101-00025393-00025614 to be occupied by Israel by the United
dFqc9uGNWvU-00102-00025614-00025795 Nations international human rights
dFqc9uGNWvU-00103-00025797-00025994 organizations and the majority of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00104-00025995-00026177 governments and legal commentators
dFqc9uGNWvU-00105-00026178-00026433 despite the 2005 Israeli disengagement
dFqc9uGNWvU-00106-00026433-00026733 from Gaza Israel maintains direct
dFqc9uGNWvU-00107-00026733-00026979 external control over Gaza and indirect
dFqc9uGNWvU-00108-00026980-00027174 control over life within Gaza it
dFqc9uGNWvU-00109-00027175-00027393 controls Gaza Zaire and maritime space
dFqc9uGNWvU-00110-00027394-00027726 and six of Gaza seven land crossings it
dFqc9uGNWvU-00111-00027727-00027927 reserves the right to enter Gaza at will
dFqc9uGNWvU-00112-00027927-00028145 with its military and maintains a no-go
dFqc9uGNWvU-00113-00028147-00028355 buffer zone within the Gaza Territory
dFqc9uGNWvU-00114-00028356-00028623 Gaza is dependent on Israel for its
dFqc9uGNWvU-00115-00028624-00028902 water electricity telecommunications and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00116-00028902-00029127 other utilities the Gaza Strip acquired
dFqc9uGNWvU-00117-00029127-00029274 its current northern and eastern
dFqc9uGNWvU-00118-00029275-00029471 boundaries at the cessation of fighting
dFqc9uGNWvU-00119-00029472-00029745 in the 1948 war confirmed by the Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00120-00029745-00029985 Egypt armistice agreement on the 24th of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00121-00029986-00030371 February 1949 article 5 of the agreement
dFqc9uGNWvU-00122-00030372-00030561 declared that the demarcation line was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00123-00030562-00030807 not to be an international border at
dFqc9uGNWvU-00124-00030808-00031005 first the Gaza Strip was officially
dFqc9uGNWvU-00125-00031006-00031170 administered by the all-palestine
dFqc9uGNWvU-00126-00031170-00031356 government established by the Arab
dFqc9uGNWvU-00127-00031357-00031712 League in September 1948 all Palestine
dFqc9uGNWvU-00128-00031713-00031908 in the Gaza Strip was managed under the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00129-00031908-00032124 military authority of Egypt functioning
dFqc9uGNWvU-00130-00032125-00032289 as a puppet state until it officially
dFqc9uGNWvU-00131-00032289-00032535 merged into the United Arab Republic and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00132-00032536-00032852 dissolved in 1959 from the time of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00133-00032853-00033024 dissolution of the all-palestine
dFqc9uGNWvU-00134-00033025-00033333 government until 1967 the Gaza Strip was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00135-00033334-00033492 directly administered by an Egyptian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00136-00033493-00033839 military governor Israel captured the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00137-00033840-00034035 Gaza Strip from Egypt in the six-day war
dFqc9uGNWvU-00138-00034036-00034433 in 1967 pursuant to the Oslo Accords
dFqc9uGNWvU-00139-00034434-00034739 signed in 1993 the Palestinian Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-00140-00034740-00034923 became the administrative body that
dFqc9uGNWvU-00141-00034924-00035148 governed Palestinian population centers
dFqc9uGNWvU-00142-00035149-00035321 while Israel maintained control of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00143-00035322-00035562 airspace territorial waters and border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00144-00035563-00035742 crossings with the exception of the land
dFqc9uGNWvU-00145-00035743-00035783 border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00146-00035784-00035973 with Egypt which is controlled by Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-00147-00035974-00036308 in 2005 Israel withdrew from the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00148-00036309-00036458 Strip under their unilateral
dFqc9uGNWvU-00149-00036459-00036842 disengagement plan in July 2007 after
dFqc9uGNWvU-00150-00036843-00037148 winning the 2006 Palestinian Legislative
dFqc9uGNWvU-00151-00037149-00037332 election Hamas became the elected
dFqc9uGNWvU-00152-00037333-00037676 government in 2007 Hamas expelled the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00153-00037677-00037961 rival party father from Gaza this broke
dFqc9uGNWvU-00154-00037962-00038174 the unity government between Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00155-00038175-00038385 and the West Bank creating two separate
dFqc9uGNWvU-00156-00038386-00038598 governments for the occupied Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00157-00038599-00038926 territories in 2014 following
dFqc9uGNWvU-00158-00038927-00039140 reconciliation talks Hamas and Fatah
dFqc9uGNWvU-00159-00039141-00039341 formed a Palestinian unity government
dFqc9uGNWvU-00160-00039342-00039620 within the West Bank in Gaza Rami
dFqc9uGNWvU-00161-00039621-00039833 hamdallah became the coalition's prime
dFqc9uGNWvU-00162-00039834-00040023 minister and has planned for elections
dFqc9uGNWvU-00163-00040024-00040400 in Gaza in the West Bank in July 2014 a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00164-00040401-00040601 set of lethal incidents between Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00165-00040602-00040877 and Israel led to the 2014 Israel Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00166-00040878-00041192 conflict following the takeover of Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00167-00041193-00041385 by Hamas the territory has been
dFqc9uGNWvU-00168-00041386-00041607 subjected to a blockade maintained by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00169-00041608-00041832 Israel and Egypt with Israel arguing
dFqc9uGNWvU-00170-00041833-00042023 that it is necessary to impede Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00171-00042024-00042161 from rearming and to restrict
dFqc9uGNWvU-00172-00042162-00042383 Palestinian rocket attacks in Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-00173-00042384-00042563 preventing Gaza residents from entering
dFqc9uGNWvU-00174-00042564-00042879 Egypt the blockades by Israel and Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-00175-00042880-00043112 extends to drastic reductions in basic
dFqc9uGNWvU-00176-00043113-00043337 construction materials medical supplies
dFqc9uGNWvU-00177-00043338-00043580 and foodstuffs dot after intensive air
dFqc9uGNWvU-00178-00043581-00043842 strikes on the city in December 2008 a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00179-00043843-00044189 leaked UN report in 2009 warned that the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00180-00044190-00044477 blockade was devastating livelihoods and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00181-00044478-00044870 causing gradual development it pointed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00182-00044871-00045044 out that glass was prohibited under the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00183-00045045-00045257 blockade Gaza is viewed by some critics
dFqc9uGNWvU-00184-00045258-00045557 as in open-air prison although the claim
dFqc9uGNWvU-00185-00045558-00045917 is contested
dFqc9uGNWvU-00186-00045918-00046514 topic prior to 1923
dFqc9uGNWvU-00187-00046515-00046733 the earliest major settlement in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00188-00046734-00046988 area was at Tel L Sakon and tal al agile
dFqc9uGNWvU-00189-00046989-00047189 two Bronze Age settlements that served
dFqc9uGNWvU-00190-00047190-00047396 as administrative outposts for ancient
dFqc9uGNWvU-00191-00047397-00047648 Egyptian governance the Philistines
dFqc9uGNWvU-00192-00047649-00047852 mentioned frequently in the Bible were
dFqc9uGNWvU-00193-00047853-00048038 located in the region and the city was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00194-00048039-00048293 captured by Alexander the Great in 332
dFqc9uGNWvU-00195-00048294-00048532 BCE during his Egyptian campaign
dFqc9uGNWvU-00196-00048533-00048782 following the death of Alexander Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00197-00048783-00048962 along with Egypt fell under the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00198-00048963-00049124 administration of the Ptolemaic dynasty
dFqc9uGNWvU-00199-00049125-00049388 before passing to the Seleucid dynasty
dFqc9uGNWvU-00200-00049389-00049757 after about 200 BCE the city of Gaza was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00201-00049758-00049909 destroyed by the Hasmonean King
dFqc9uGNWvU-00202-00049910-00050228 Alexander genius in 96 BCE and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00203-00050229-00050378 re-established under Roman
dFqc9uGNWvU-00204-00050379-00050585 administration during the 1st century CE
dFqc9uGNWvU-00205-00050586-00050855 II the Gaza region was moved between
dFqc9uGNWvU-00206-00050856-00051104 different Roman provinces over time from
dFqc9uGNWvU-00207-00051105-00051367 Judea to Syria Palestina to Palestine a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00208-00051369-00051614 prema during the 7th century the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00209-00051615-00051824 territory was passed back and forth
dFqc9uGNWvU-00210-00051825-00051977 between the eastern Roman Byzantine
dFqc9uGNWvU-00211-00051978-00052250 Empire and the Persian Sasanian empires
dFqc9uGNWvU-00212-00052251-00052436 before the rashidun caliphate was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00213-00052437-00052591 established during the great Islamic
dFqc9uGNWvU-00214-00052591-00052919 expansions of the seventh century during
dFqc9uGNWvU-00215-00052920-00053129 the Crusades the city of Gaza was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00216-00053129-00053327 reported to be mostly abandoned and in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00217-00053328-00053513 ruins the region was placed under the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00218-00053514-00053692 direct administration of the Knights
dFqc9uGNWvU-00219-00053694-00053854 Templar during the Kingdom of Jerusalem
dFqc9uGNWvU-00220-00053855-00054083 it was traded back and forth several
dFqc9uGNWvU-00221-00054084-00054304 times between Christian and Muslim rule
dFqc9uGNWvU-00222-00054305-00054482 during the 12th century before the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00223-00054483-00054653 Crusaders were driven out permanently
dFqc9uGNWvU-00224-00054654-00054854 and the land became part of the iobit
dFqc9uGNWvU-00225-00054854-00055070 dynasty's lands for a century until the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00226-00055071-00055283 Mongol ruler Hulagu Khan destroyed the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00227-00055284-00055532 city in the wake of the Mongols the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00228-00055533-00055709 Mamluk Sultanate established control
dFqc9uGNWvU-00229-00055710-00055928 over Egypt in the eastern Levant and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00230-00055929-00056123 would control Gaza until the 16th
dFqc9uGNWvU-00231-00056124-00056348 century when the Ottoman Empire absorbed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00232-00056349-00056612 the Mameluke territories Ottoman rule
dFqc9uGNWvU-00233-00056613-00056771 continued until the years following
dFqc9uGNWvU-00234-00056772-00056972 world war 1 when the Ottoman Empire
dFqc9uGNWvU-00235-00056973-00057140 collapsed and the League of Nations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00236-00057141-00057362 placed Gaza under the British Mandate of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00237-00057363-00057774 Palestine
dFqc9uGNWvU-00238-00057775-00058424 topic 1923 248 British Mandate
dFqc9uGNWvU-00239-00058425-00058665 the British Mandate for Palestine was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00240-00058666-00058838 based on the principles contained in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00241-00058839-00059060 article 22 of the draft Covenant of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00242-00059061-00059219 League of Nations in the San Remo
dFqc9uGNWvU-00243-00059220-00059528 resolution of the 25th of april 1920 by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00244-00059529-00059687 the principal allied and associated
dFqc9uGNWvU-00245-00059688-00059993 powers after the first world war the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00246-00059994-00060206 mandate formalized British rule in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00247-00060207-00060473 southern part of Ottoman Syria from 1923
dFqc9uGNWvU-00248-00060474-00060885 to 1948
dFqc9uGNWvU-00249-00060886-00061563 topic 1948 all-palestine government
dFqc9uGNWvU-00250-00061564-00061921 on the 22nd of September 1948 towards
dFqc9uGNWvU-00251-00061922-00062211 the end of the 1948 arab-israeli war the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00252-00062212-00062410 all-palestine government was proclaimed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00253-00062411-00062635 in the Egyptian occupied Gaza City by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00254-00062636-00062904 the Arab League it was conceived partly
dFqc9uGNWvU-00255-00062905-00063081 as an Arab League attempt to limit the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00256-00063082-00063288 influence of Transjordan in Palestine
dFqc9uGNWvU-00257-00063289-00063565 the all-palestine government was quickly
dFqc9uGNWvU-00258-00063566-00063778 recognized by six of the then seven
dFqc9uGNWvU-00259-00063779-00063987 members of the Arab League Egypt Syria
dFqc9uGNWvU-00260-00063988-00064311 Lebanon Iraq Saudi Arabia and Yemen but
dFqc9uGNWvU-00261-00064312-00064603 not by Transjordan it was not recognized
dFqc9uGNWvU-00262-00064604-00064838 by any country outside the Arab League
dFqc9uGNWvU-00263-00064839-00065116 after the cessation of hostilities the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00264-00065116-00065335 Israel Egypt armistice agreement of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00265-00065336-00065661 24th of February 1949 established the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00266-00065662-00065862 separation line between Egyptian and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00267-00065863-00066066 Israeli forces and established what
dFqc9uGNWvU-00268-00066067-00066247 became the present boundary between the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00269-00066248-00066501 Gaza Strip and Israel both sides
dFqc9uGNWvU-00270-00066502-00066681 declared that the boundary was not an
dFqc9uGNWvU-00271-00066682-00066918 international border the southern border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00272-00066919-00067066 with Egypt continued to be the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00273-00067067-00067230 international border which had been
dFqc9uGNWvU-00274-00067231-00067500 drawn in 1906 between the Ottoman Empire
dFqc9uGNWvU-00275-00067501-00067707 and the British Empire Palestinians
dFqc9uGNWvU-00276-00067708-00067909 living in the Gaza Strip or Egypt were
dFqc9uGNWvU-00277-00067910-00068229 issued all Palestine passports Egypt did
dFqc9uGNWvU-00278-00068230-00068448 not offer them citizenship from the end
dFqc9uGNWvU-00279-00068449-00068730 of 1949 they received aid directly from
dFqc9uGNWvU-00280-00068731-00069123 Unruh during the Suez Crisis 1956 the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00281-00069124-00069328 Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula were
dFqc9uGNWvU-00282-00069329-00069561 occupied by Israeli troops who withdrew
dFqc9uGNWvU-00283-00069562-00069786 under international pressure the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00284-00069787-00069951 government was accused of being little
dFqc9uGNWvU-00285-00069952-00070143 more than a facade for Egyptian control
dFqc9uGNWvU-00286-00070144-00070380 with negligible independent funding or
dFqc9uGNWvU-00287-00070381-00070672 influence it subsequently moved to Cairo
dFqc9uGNWvU-00288-00070673-00070936 and dissolved in 1959 by decree of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00289-00070937-00071524 Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser
dFqc9uGNWvU-00290-00071525-00072287 topic 1959 267 Egyptian occupation
dFqc9uGNWvU-00291-00072288-00072459 after the dissolution of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00292-00072460-00072759 all-palestine government in 1959 under
dFqc9uGNWvU-00293-00072760-00072915 the excuse of pan-arabism
dFqc9uGNWvU-00294-00072916-00073122 Egypt continued to occupy the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00295-00073123-00073517 until 1967 Egypt never annexed the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00296-00073518-00073691 Strip but instead treated it as a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00297-00073692-00073907 controlled territory and administered it
dFqc9uGNWvU-00298-00073908-00074162 through a military governor the influx
dFqc9uGNWvU-00299-00074163-00074432 of over 200,000 refugees from former
dFqc9uGNWvU-00300-00074433-00074669 mandatory Palestine roughly a quarter of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00301-00074670-00074822 those who fled or were expelled from
dFqc9uGNWvU-00302-00074823-00074993 their homes during and in the aftermath
dFqc9uGNWvU-00303-00074994-00075287 of the 1948 arab-israeli war into Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00304-00075288-00075497 resulted in a dramatic decrease in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00305-00075498-00075765 standard of living because the Egyptian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00306-00075766-00075938 government restricted movement to and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00307-00075939-00076094 from the Gaza Strip its inhabitants
dFqc9uGNWvU-00308-00076095-00076284 could not look elsewhere for gainful
dFqc9uGNWvU-00309-00076285-00076665 employment
dFqc9uGNWvU-00310-00076666-00077287 topic 1967 Israeli occupation
dFqc9uGNWvU-00311-00077288-00077629 in June 1967 during the six-day war
dFqc9uGNWvU-00312-00077630-00077869 Israel Defense Forces captured the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00313-00077870-00078191 Strip according to Tom Saiga moving the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00314-00078192-00078371 Palestinians out of the country had been
dFqc9uGNWvU-00315-00078372-00078596 a persistent element of Zionist thinking
dFqc9uGNWvU-00316-00078597-00078976 from early times in December 1967 during
dFqc9uGNWvU-00317-00078977-00079159 a meeting at which the security cabinet
dFqc9uGNWvU-00318-00079160-00079346 brainstormed about what to do with the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00319-00079347-00079540 Arab population of the newly occupied
dFqc9uGNWvU-00320-00079541-00079784 territories one of the suggestions Prime
dFqc9uGNWvU-00321-00079785-00080009 Minister Levi Eshkol proffered regarding
dFqc9uGNWvU-00322-00080010-00080194 Gaza was that the people might leave if
dFqc9uGNWvU-00323-00080195-00080380 Israel restricted their access to water
dFqc9uGNWvU-00324-00080381-00080635 supplies stating perhaps if we don't
dFqc9uGNWvU-00325-00080636-00080806 give them enough water they won't have a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00326-00080807-00081028 choice because the orchards will yellow
dFqc9uGNWvU-00327-00081029-00081290 and wither a number of measures
dFqc9uGNWvU-00328-00081291-00081497 including financial incentives were
dFqc9uGNWvU-00329-00081498-00081691 taken shortly afterwards to begin to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00330-00081692-00081886 encourage Gaza ins to emigrate elsewhere
dFqc9uGNWvU-00331-00081887-00082093 subsequent to this military victory
dFqc9uGNWvU-00332-00082094-00082303 Israel created the first settlement
dFqc9uGNWvU-00333-00082304-00082501 block in the Strip Gush Katif in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00334-00082502-00082672 southwest corner near Rafa and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00335-00082673-00082879 Egyptian border on a spot where a small
dFqc9uGNWvU-00336-00082880-00083113 kibbutz had previously existed for 18
dFqc9uGNWvU-00337-00083114-00083503 months between 1946 to 48 in total
dFqc9uGNWvU-00338-00083504-00083848 between 1967 and 2005 Israel established
dFqc9uGNWvU-00339-00083849-00084229 21 settlements in Gaza comprising 20% of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00340-00084230-00084526 the total territory the economic growth
dFqc9uGNWvU-00341-00084527-00084878 rate from 1967 to 1980 to average
dFqc9uGNWvU-00342-00084879-00085093 roughly nine point seven percent per
dFqc9uGNWvU-00343-00085094-00085300 annum due in good part to expanded
dFqc9uGNWvU-00344-00085301-00085501 income from work opportunities inside
dFqc9uGNWvU-00345-00085502-00085723 Israel which had a major utility for the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00346-00085724-00085894 latter by supplying the country with a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00347-00085895-00086053 large reserve of unskilled and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00348-00086054-00086305 semi-skilled manpower causes
dFqc9uGNWvU-00349-00086306-00086494 agricultural sector was adversely
dFqc9uGNWvU-00350-00086495-00086692 affected as one third of the strip was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00351-00086693-00086929 appropriated by Israel competition for
dFqc9uGNWvU-00352-00086930-00087142 scarce water resources stiffened and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00353-00087143-00087365 lucrative cultivation of citrus declined
dFqc9uGNWvU-00354-00087366-00087601 with the advent of Israeli policies such
dFqc9uGNWvU-00355-00087602-00087763 as prohibitions on planting new trees
dFqc9uGNWvU-00356-00087764-00088024 and taxation that gave breaks to Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00357-00088025-00088225 producers factors which militated
dFqc9uGNWvU-00358-00088226-00088528 against growth causes direct exports of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00359-00088529-00088709 these products to Western markets as
dFqc9uGNWvU-00360-00088710-00088942 opposed to Arab markets was prohibited
dFqc9uGNWvU-00361-00088943-00089098 except through Israeli marketing
dFqc9uGNWvU-00362-00089099-00089305 vehicles in order to assist Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00363-00089306-00089584 citrus exports to the same markets the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00364-00089585-00089791 overall result was that large numbers of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00365-00089792-00089941 farmers were forced out of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00366-00089942-00090272 agricultural sector Israel places quotas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00367-00090273-00090485 on all goods exported from Gaza while
dFqc9uGNWvU-00368-00090486-00090665 abolishing restrictions on the flow
dFqc9uGNWvU-00369-00090666-00090925 of Israeli goods into the strip Sarah
dFqc9uGNWvU-00370-00090926-00091126 Roy characterized the pattern as one of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00371-00091127-00091587 structural development
dFqc9uGNWvU-00372-00091588-00092296 topic 1979 egypt-israel peace treaty
dFqc9uGNWvU-00373-00092297-00092706 on the 26th of March 1979 Israel and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00374-00092707-00092842 Egypt signed the egypt-israel peace
dFqc9uGNWvU-00375-00092843-00093168 treaty among other things the treaty
dFqc9uGNWvU-00376-00093169-00093379 provided for the withdrawal by Israel of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00377-00093380-00093567 its armed forces and civilians from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00378-00093568-00093760 Sinai Peninsula which Israel had
dFqc9uGNWvU-00379-00093761-00094005 captured during the six-day war the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00380-00094006-00094167 Egyptians agreed to keep the Sinai
dFqc9uGNWvU-00381-00094168-00094441 Peninsula demilitarized the final status
dFqc9uGNWvU-00382-00094442-00094648 of the Gaza Strip and other relations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00383-00094649-00094881 between Israel and Palestinians was not
dFqc9uGNWvU-00384-00094882-00095151 dealt with in the treaty Egypt renounced
dFqc9uGNWvU-00385-00095152-00095361 all territorial claims to territory
dFqc9uGNWvU-00386-00095362-00095611 north of the international border the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00387-00095612-00095799 Gaza Strip remained under Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00388-00095800-00096072 military administration until 1994
dFqc9uGNWvU-00389-00096073-00096330 during that time the military was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00390-00096331-00096519 responsible for the maintenance of civil
dFqc9uGNWvU-00391-00096520-00096801 facilities and services after the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00392-00096802-00097171 egyptian-israeli peace treaty 1979 a 100
dFqc9uGNWvU-00393-00097172-00097390 metre wide buffer zone between Gaza and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00394-00097391-00097563 Egypt known as the Philadelphia route
dFqc9uGNWvU-00395-00097564-00097840 was established the international border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00396-00097841-00098055 along the Philadelphia corridor between
dFqc9uGNWvU-00397-00098056-00098317 Egypt and the Gaza Strip is 7 miles 11
dFqc9uGNWvU-00398-00098318-00098768 kilometers long
dFqc9uGNWvU-00399-00098769-00099092 topic 1994 Gaza under Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00400-00099093-00099456 Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-00401-00099457-00099778 in September 1992 Israeli Prime Minister
dFqc9uGNWvU-00402-00099779-00100021 Yitzhak Rabine told a delegation from
dFqc9uGNWvU-00403-00100022-00100210 the Washington Institute for Near East
dFqc9uGNWvU-00404-00100211-00100467 policy I would like Gaza to sink into
dFqc9uGNWvU-00405-00100468-00100690 the sea but that won't happen and a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00406-00100691-00101076 solution must be found in May 1994
dFqc9uGNWvU-00407-00101077-00101235 following the palestinian-israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00408-00101236-00101485 agreements known as the Oslo Accords a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00409-00101486-00101637 phased transfer of governmental
dFqc9uGNWvU-00410-00101638-00101876 authority to the Palestinians took place
dFqc9uGNWvU-00411-00101877-00102105 much of the strip except for the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00412-00102106-00102334 settlement blocs and military areas came
dFqc9uGNWvU-00413-00102335-00102622 under Palestinian control the Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00414-00102623-00102850 forces left Gaza City and other urban
dFqc9uGNWvU-00415-00102851-00103000 areas leaving the new Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00416-00103001-00103239 Authority to administer and police those
dFqc9uGNWvU-00417-00103240-00103554 areas the Palestinian Authority led by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00418-00103555-00103794 Yasser Arafat chose Gaza City as its
dFqc9uGNWvU-00419-00103795-00103991 first provincial headquarters in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00420-00103992-00104382 September 1995 Israel and the PLO signed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00421-00104383-00104577 a second peace agreement extending the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00422-00104578-00104797 Palestinian Authority to most West Bank
dFqc9uGNWvU-00423-00104798-00105295 towns between 1994 and 1996 Israel built
dFqc9uGNWvU-00424-00105296-00105489 the israeli gaza strip barrier to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00425-00105490-00105772 improve security in israel the barrier
dFqc9uGNWvU-00426-00105773-00106008 was largely torn down by Palestinians at
dFqc9uGNWvU-00427-00106009-00106246 the beginning of the LA qsa Intifada in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00428-00106247-00106715 September 2000
dFqc9uGNWvU-00429-00106716-00107239 topic 2000 Second Intifada
dFqc9uGNWvU-00430-00107240-00107458 the Second Intifada broke out in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00431-00107458-00107698 September 2000 with waves of protests
dFqc9uGNWvU-00432-00107699-00107905 civil unrest and bombings against
dFqc9uGNWvU-00433-00107906-00108139 Israeli military and civilians many of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00434-00108140-00108430 them perpetrated by suicide bombers the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00435-00108431-00108604 Second Intifada also marked the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00436-00108605-00108775 beginning of rocket attacks and bombings
dFqc9uGNWvU-00437-00108776-00108994 of Israeli border localities by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00438-00108995-00109174 Palestinian guerillas from the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00439-00109175-00109383 Strip especially by the Hamas and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00440-00109384-00109658 Palestinian Islamic Jihad movements
dFqc9uGNWvU-00441-00109659-00110032 between December 2000 and 2001 the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00442-00110033-00110242 barrier between Gaza and Israel was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00443-00110243-00110497 reconstructed a barrier on the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00444-00110498-00110698 Strip Egypt border was constructed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00445-00110699-00111009 starting in 2004 the main crossing
dFqc9uGNWvU-00446-00111010-00111175 points are the northern air as crossing
dFqc9uGNWvU-00447-00111176-00111352 into Israel and the southern Rafah
dFqc9uGNWvU-00448-00111353-00111655 crossing into Egypt the eastern karni
dFqc9uGNWvU-00449-00111656-00111885 crossing used for cargo closed down in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00450-00111886-00112189 2011 Israel controls the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00451-00112190-00112390 northern borders as well as its
dFqc9uGNWvU-00452-00112391-00112696 territorial waters and airspace Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-00453-00112697-00112900 controls Gaza Strip southern border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00454-00112901-00113100 under an agreement between it and Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00455-00113101-00113385 neither Israel or Egypt permits free
dFqc9uGNWvU-00456-00113386-00113596 travel from Gaza as both borders are
dFqc9uGNWvU-00457-00113597-00113833 heavily militarily fortified Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-00458-00113833-00114088 maintains a strict blockade on Gaza in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00459-00114089-00114328 order to isolate Hamas from Islamist
dFqc9uGNWvU-00460-00114329-00114834 insurgents in the Sinai
dFqc9uGNWvU-00461-00114835-00115108 topic 2005 Israel's unilateral
dFqc9uGNWvU-00462-00115108-00115553 disengagement
dFqc9uGNWvU-00463-00115554-00115889 in February 2005 the Knesset approved a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00464-00115890-00116106 unilateral disengagement plan and began
dFqc9uGNWvU-00465-00116107-00116300 removing Israeli settlers from the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00466-00116301-00116666 Strip in 2005 all Israeli settlements in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00467-00116667-00116831 the Gaza Strip and the joint
dFqc9uGNWvU-00468-00116832-00117029 israeli-palestinian era's industrial
dFqc9uGNWvU-00469-00117030-00117284 zone were dismantled and 9,000 Israelis
dFqc9uGNWvU-00470-00117285-00117509 most living in Gush Katif were forcibly
dFqc9uGNWvU-00471-00117510-00117875 evicted on the 12th of September 2005
dFqc9uGNWvU-00472-00117876-00118107 the Israeli cabinet formally declared an
dFqc9uGNWvU-00473-00118108-00118337 end to his railey military occupation of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00474-00118338-00118664 the Gaza Strip the Oslo agreements gave
dFqc9uGNWvU-00475-00118665-00118901 Israel full control over Gaza Zaire
dFqc9uGNWvU-00476-00118902-00119084 space but established that the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00477-00119085-00119297 Palestinians could build an airport in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00478-00119298-00119502 the area
dFqc9uGNWvU-00479-00119503-00119735 and the disengagement plan states that
dFqc9uGNWvU-00480-00119736-00120003 Israel will hold sole control of Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00481-00120004-00120240 airspace and will continue to carry out
dFqc9uGNWvU-00482-00120241-00120480 military activity in the waters of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00483-00120481-00120836 Gaza Strip therefore Israel continues to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00484-00120838-00121023 maintain exclusive control of Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00485-00121024-00121281 airspace and the territorial waters just
dFqc9uGNWvU-00486-00121282-00121446 as it has since it occupied the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00487-00121447-00121851 Strip in 1967 Human Rights Watch has
dFqc9uGNWvU-00488-00121852-00122151 advised the UN Human Rights Council that
dFqc9uGNWvU-00489-00122152-00122370 it and others consider Israel to be the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00490-00122371-00122558 occupying power of the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00491-00122559-00122814 because Israel controls Gaza strips
dFqc9uGNWvU-00492-00122815-00123096 airspace territorial waters and controls
dFqc9uGNWvU-00493-00123097-00123306 the movement of people or goods in or
dFqc9uGNWvU-00494-00123307-00123633 out of Gaza by air or sea the EU
dFqc9uGNWvU-00495-00123633-00123948 considers Gaza to be occupied Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00496-00123949-00124206 also withdrew from the Philadelphia a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00497-00124207-00124431 narrow strip of land adjacent to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00498-00124432-00124665 border with Egypt after Egypt agreed to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00499-00124666-00124947 secure its side of the border under the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00500-00124948-00125210 Oslo Accords the Philadelphia route was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00501-00125211-00125421 to remain under Israeli control to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00502-00125422-00125613 prevent the smuggling of weapons and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00503-00125614-00125847 people across the Egyptian border but
dFqc9uGNWvU-00504-00125848-00126093 Egypt under EU supervision committed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00505-00126094-00126288 itself to patrolling the area and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00506-00126289-00126558 preventing such incidents with the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00507-00126558-00126785 agreement on movement and access known
dFqc9uGNWvU-00508-00126786-00127010 as the Rafah agreement in the same year
dFqc9uGNWvU-00509-00127011-00127194 Israel ended its presence in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00510-00127195-00127397 Philadelphia and transferred
dFqc9uGNWvU-00511-00127398-00127658 responsibility for security arrangements
dFqc9uGNWvU-00512-00127659-00127833 to Egypt and the PA under the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00513-00127833-00128073 supervision of the EU the Israel Defense
dFqc9uGNWvU-00514-00128074-00128358 Forces left the Gaza Strip on the 1st of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00515-00128358-00128636 September 2005 as part of Israel's
dFqc9uGNWvU-00516-00128638-00128874 unilateral disengagement plan and all
dFqc9uGNWvU-00517-00128875-00129086 Israeli citizens were evicted from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00518-00129088-00129555 area in November 2005 an agreement on
dFqc9uGNWvU-00519-00129556-00129774 movement and access between Israel and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00520-00129775-00129981 the Palestinian Authority was brokered
dFqc9uGNWvU-00521-00129982-00130131 by then US Secretary of State
dFqc9uGNWvU-00522-00130132-00130392 Condoleezza Rice to improve Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00523-00130393-00130559 freedom of movement and economic
dFqc9uGNWvU-00524-00130560-00130824 activity in the Gaza Strip under its
dFqc9uGNWvU-00525-00130825-00131055 terms the Rafah crossing with Egypt was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00526-00131056-00131253 to be reopened with transits monitored
dFqc9uGNWvU-00527-00131254-00131415 by the Palestinian National Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-00528-00131416-00131583 and the European Union
dFqc9uGNWvU-00529-00131584-00131880 only people with Palestinian ID or
dFqc9uGNWvU-00530-00131881-00132081 foreign nationals by exception in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00531-00132082-00132312 certain categories subject to Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00532-00132313-00132501 oversight were permitted to cross in and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00533-00132502-00132810 out all goods vehicles and trucks to and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00534-00132811-00132888 from Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-00535-00132889-00133014 passed through the kerem shalom crossing
dFqc9uGNWvU-00536-00133015-00133332 under full Israeli supervision goods
dFqc9uGNWvU-00537-00133333-00133506 were also permitted transit at the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00538-00133507-00133785 Carney crossing in the north after the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00539-00133786-00134049 Israeli withdrawal in 2005 the Oslo
dFqc9uGNWvU-00540-00134050-00134253 Accords give the Palestinian Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-00541-00134254-00134427 administrative authority in the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00542-00134428-00134721 Strip the Rafah border crossing has been
dFqc9uGNWvU-00543-00134722-00134940 supervised by EU border assistance
dFqc9uGNWvU-00544-00134941-00135087 mission Rafa under an agreement
dFqc9uGNWvU-00545-00135088-00135453 finalized in November 2005 the Oslo
dFqc9uGNWvU-00546-00135454-00135645 accord permits Israel to control the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00547-00135646-00136060 airspace and sea space
dFqc9uGNWvU-00548-00136061-00136733 topic post 200 six elections violence
dFqc9uGNWvU-00549-00136734-00136952 in the Palestinian parliamentary
dFqc9uGNWvU-00550-00136953-00137180 elections held on the 25th of January
dFqc9uGNWvU-00551-00137181-00137531 2006 Hamas won a plurality of 42 point
dFqc9uGNWvU-00552-00137532-00137780 nine percent of the total vote and 74
dFqc9uGNWvU-00553-00137781-00138113 out of 100 32 total seats 56 percent
dFqc9uGNWvU-00554-00138114-00138395 when Hamas assumed power the next month
dFqc9uGNWvU-00555-00138396-00138602 Israel the United States the European
dFqc9uGNWvU-00556-00138603-00138842 Union Russia and the United Nations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00557-00138843-00139064 demanded that Hamas accept all previous
dFqc9uGNWvU-00558-00139065-00139253 agreements recognize Israel's right to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00559-00139254-00139478 exist and renounce violence when Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00560-00139479-00139715 refused they cut off direct aid to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00561-00139716-00139916 Palestinian Authority although some aid
dFqc9uGNWvU-00562-00139917-00140102 money was redirected to humanitarian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00563-00140103-00140318 organizations not affiliated with the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00564-00140319-00140510 government the resulting political
dFqc9uGNWvU-00565-00140511-00140780 disorder and economic stagnation led to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00566-00140781-00140978 many Palestinians emigrating from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00567-00140979-00141275 Gaza Strip in January 2007 fighting
dFqc9uGNWvU-00568-00141276-00141539 erupted between Hamas and Fatah the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00569-00141540-00141707 deadliest clashes occurred in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00570-00141708-00141887 northern Gaza Strip where General
dFqc9uGNWvU-00571-00141888-00142106 Mohammad Garib a senior commander of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00572-00142107-00142310 Fattah dominated preventive Security
dFqc9uGNWvU-00573-00142311-00142534 Force died when a rocket hit his home on
dFqc9uGNWvU-00574-00142535-00142928 the 30th of January 2007 a truce was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00575-00142929-00143158 negotiated between Fatah and Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00576-00143159-00143444 however after a few days new fighting
dFqc9uGNWvU-00577-00143445-00143672 broke out on the 1st of February
dFqc9uGNWvU-00578-00143673-00143912 Hamas killed 6 people in an ambush on a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00579-00143913-00144104 Gaza convoy which delivered equipment
dFqc9uGNWvU-00580-00144105-00144365 for Abbas Palestinian presidential guard
dFqc9uGNWvU-00581-00144366-00144560 according to diplomats meant to counter
dFqc9uGNWvU-00582-00144561-00144749 smuggling of more powerful weapons into
dFqc9uGNWvU-00583-00144750-00144952 Gaza by Hamas for its fast-growing
dFqc9uGNWvU-00584-00144953-00145310 executive force according to Hamas the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00585-00145311-00145463 deliveries to the presidential guard
dFqc9uGNWvU-00586-00145464-00145667 were intended to instigate sedition
dFqc9uGNWvU-00587-00145668-00145856 against Hamas while withholding money
dFqc9uGNWvU-00588-00145857-00146027 and assistance from the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00589-00146028-00146081 people
dFqc9uGNWvU-00590-00146082-00146294 Fatah fighters stormed a Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00591-00146295-00146521 affiliated University in the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00592-00146522-00146783 officers from Abbas presidential guard
dFqc9uGNWvU-00593-00146784-00146999 battled Hamas gunmen guarding the Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00594-00147000-00147320 LED interior ministry in May 2007 new
dFqc9uGNWvU-00595-00147321-00147538 fighting broke out between the factions
dFqc9uGNWvU-00596-00147539-00147824 interior minister Hanny Cosme who had
dFqc9uGNWvU-00597-00147825-00148025 been considered a moderate civil servant
dFqc9uGNWvU-00598-00148026-00148241 acceptable to both factions resigned due
dFqc9uGNWvU-00599-00148242-00148421 to what he termed harmful behavior by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00600-00148422-00148619 both sides fighting spread in the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00601-00148620-00148808 Strip with both factions attacking
dFqc9uGNWvU-00602-00148809-00148979 vehicles and facilities of the other
dFqc9uGNWvU-00603-00148980-00149231 side following a breakdown in an
dFqc9uGNWvU-00604-00149232-00149456 Egyptian brokered truce Israel launched
dFqc9uGNWvU-00605-00149457-00149645 an airstrike which destroyed a building
dFqc9uGNWvU-00606-00149646-00149972 used by Hamas ongoing violence prompted
dFqc9uGNWvU-00607-00149973-00150117 fear that it could bring the end
dFqc9uGNWvU-00608-00150118-00150315 the Fatah Hamas coalition government and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00609-00150316-00150507 possibly the end of the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00610-00150508-00150735 Authority Hamas spokesman Moussa Abu
dFqc9uGNWvU-00611-00150736-00150900 Maher Zook blamed the conflict between
dFqc9uGNWvU-00612-00150901-00151143 Hamas and Fatah on Israel stating that
dFqc9uGNWvU-00613-00151144-00151314 the constant pressure of economic
dFqc9uGNWvU-00614-00151315-00151610 sanctions resulted in a real explosion
dFqc9uGNWvU-00615-00151611-00151842 Associated Press reporter Ibrahim
dFqc9uGNWvU-00616-00151843-00151986 barczyk wrote an eyewitness account
dFqc9uGNWvU-00617-00151987-00152232 stating today I have seen people shot
dFqc9uGNWvU-00618-00152233-00152478 before my eyes I heard the screams of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00619-00152479-00152679 terrified women and children in a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00620-00152680-00152847 burning building and I argued with
dFqc9uGNWvU-00621-00152848-00153087 gunmen who wanted to take over my home I
dFqc9uGNWvU-00622-00153088-00153336 have seen a lot in my years as a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00623-00153337-00153576 journalist in Gaza but this is the worst
dFqc9uGNWvU-00624-00153577-00153740 it's been
dFqc9uGNWvU-00625-00153741-00154146 from 2006 2007 more than 600
dFqc9uGNWvU-00626-00154147-00154326 Palestinians were killed in fighting
dFqc9uGNWvU-00627-00154327-00154605 between Hamas and Fatah in the aftermath
dFqc9uGNWvU-00628-00154606-00154842 of the Gaza war a series of violent acts
dFqc9uGNWvU-00629-00154843-00155100 killed 54 Palestinians while hundreds
dFqc9uGNWvU-00630-00155101-00155406 have claimed they were tortured 349
dFqc9uGNWvU-00631-00155407-00155580 Palestinians were killed in fighting
dFqc9uGNWvU-00632-00155581-00155970 between factions in 2007 160
dFqc9uGNWvU-00633-00155971-00156165 Palestinians killed each other in June
dFqc9uGNWvU-00634-00156166-00156475 alone
dFqc9uGNWvU-00635-00156476-00157210 topic 2007 Hamas takeover following the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00636-00157211-00157470 victory of Hamas in the 2006 Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00637-00157471-00157690 Legislative election Hamas and Fatah
dFqc9uGNWvU-00638-00157691-00157891 formed the Palestinian Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-00639-00157892-00158059 national unity government headed by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00640-00158060-00158172 Ismail hariya
dFqc9uGNWvU-00641-00158173-00158461 shortly after Hamas took control of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00642-00158462-00158641 Gaza Strip in the course of the Battle
dFqc9uGNWvU-00643-00158642-00158875 of Gaza seizing government institutions
dFqc9uGNWvU-00644-00158876-00159028 and replacing Fattah and other
dFqc9uGNWvU-00645-00159029-00159280 government officials with its own by the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00646-00159281-00159403 14th of June
dFqc9uGNWvU-00647-00159404-00159654 Hamas fully controlled the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00648-00159655-00159856 Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00649-00159857-00160057 responded by declaring a state of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00650-00160058-00160246 emergency dissolving the unity
dFqc9uGNWvU-00651-00160247-00160381 government and forming a new government
dFqc9uGNWvU-00652-00160382-00160768 without Hamas participation PNA security
dFqc9uGNWvU-00653-00160769-00160957 forces in the West Bank arrested a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00654-00160958-00161260 number of Hamas members in late June
dFqc9uGNWvU-00655-00161261-00161509 2008 Egypt Saudi Arabia and Jordan
dFqc9uGNWvU-00656-00161510-00161743 declared the west bank based cabinet
dFqc9uGNWvU-00657-00161744-00161947 formed by Abbas as the sole legitimate
dFqc9uGNWvU-00658-00161948-00162310 Palestinian government Egypt moved its
dFqc9uGNWvU-00659-00162311-00162535 embassy from Gaza to the West Bank Saudi
dFqc9uGNWvU-00660-00162536-00162709 Arabia and Egypt supported
dFqc9uGNWvU-00661-00162710-00162880 reconciliation and a new unity
dFqc9uGNWvU-00662-00162881-00163060 government and pressed Abbas to start
dFqc9uGNWvU-00663-00163061-00163318 talks with Hamas Abbas had always
dFqc9uGNWvU-00664-00163319-00163513 conditioned this on Hamas returning
dFqc9uGNWvU-00665-00163514-00163672 control of the Gaza Strip to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00666-00163673-00163969 Palestinian Authority Hamas visited a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00667-00163970-00164185 number of countries including Russia and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00668-00164186-00164500 the EU member-states opposition parties
dFqc9uGNWvU-00669-00164501-00164695 and politicians called for a dialogue
dFqc9uGNWvU-00670-00164696-00164875 with Hamas as well as an end to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00671-00164876-00165178 economic sanctions after the takeover
dFqc9uGNWvU-00672-00165179-00165397 Israel and Egypt closed their border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00673-00165398-00165712 crossings with Gaza Palestinian sources
dFqc9uGNWvU-00674-00165713-00165910 reported that European Union monitors
dFqc9uGNWvU-00675-00165911-00166093 fled the Rafah border crossing on the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00676-00166094-00166285 Gaza Egypt border for fear of being
dFqc9uGNWvU-00677-00166286-00166528 kidnapped or harmed Arab foreign
dFqc9uGNWvU-00678-00166529-00166693 ministers and Palestinian officials
dFqc9uGNWvU-00679-00166694-00166957 presented a united front against control
dFqc9uGNWvU-00680-00166958-00167206 of the border by Hamas meanwhile Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00681-00167207-00167410 and Egyptian security reports said that
dFqc9uGNWvU-00682-00167411-00167602 Hamas continued smuggling in large
dFqc9uGNWvU-00683-00167603-00167812 quantities of explosives and arms from
dFqc9uGNWvU-00684-00167813-00168067 Egypt through tunnels Egyptian security
dFqc9uGNWvU-00685-00168068-00168713 forces uncovered 60 tunnels in 2007
dFqc9uGNWvU-00686-00168714-00169300 topic 2007 issues
dFqc9uGNWvU-00687-00169301-00169558 after Hamas June win it on stood Fattah
dFqc9uGNWvU-00688-00169559-00169756 linked officials from positions of power
dFqc9uGNWvU-00689-00169757-00169939 and authority such as government
dFqc9uGNWvU-00690-00169940-00170209 positions security services universities
dFqc9uGNWvU-00691-00170210-00170494 newspapers etc and strove to enforce law
dFqc9uGNWvU-00692-00170495-00170695 by progressively removing guns from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00693-00170696-00170908 hands of peripheral militias clans and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00694-00170909-00171112 criminal groups and gaining control of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00695-00171113-00171376 supply tunnels according to Amnesty
dFqc9uGNWvU-00696-00171377-00171550 International under Hamas rule
dFqc9uGNWvU-00697-00171551-00171751 newspapers were closed down and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00698-00171752-00171976 journalists were harassed Fattah
dFqc9uGNWvU-00699-00171977-00172165 demonstrations were forbidden or
dFqc9uGNWvU-00700-00172166-00172351 suppressed as in the case of a large
dFqc9uGNWvU-00701-00172352-00172540 demonstration on the anniversary of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00702-00172541-00172762 Yasser Arafat's death which resulted in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00703-00172763-00172930 the deaths of seven people after
dFqc9uGNWvU-00704-00172931-00173107 protesters hurled stones at Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00705-00173108-00173350 security forces Hamas and other militant
dFqc9uGNWvU-00706-00173351-00173563 groups continued to fire Qassam rockets
dFqc9uGNWvU-00707-00173564-00173821 across the border into Israel according
dFqc9uGNWvU-00708-00173822-00174067 to Israel between the Hamas takeover in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00709-00174068-00174462 the end of January 2008 697 rockets and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00710-00174463-00174739 822 mortar bombs were fired at Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00711-00174740-00175099 towns in response Israel targeted kasam
dFqc9uGNWvU-00712-00175100-00175300 launchers and military targets and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00713-00175301-00175507 declared the Gaza Strip a hostile entity
dFqc9uGNWvU-00714-00175508-00175894 in January 2008 Israel curtailed travel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00715-00175895-00176104 from Gaza the entry of goods and cut
dFqc9uGNWvU-00716-00176105-00176278 fuel supplies resulting in power
dFqc9uGNWvU-00717-00176279-00176533 shortages this brought charges that
dFqc9uGNWvU-00718-00176534-00176695 Israel was inflicting collective
dFqc9uGNWvU-00719-00176696-00176875 punishment on the Gaza population
dFqc9uGNWvU-00720-00176876-00177087 leading to international condemnation
dFqc9uGNWvU-00721-00177088-00177346 despite multiple reports from within the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00722-00177347-00177523 strip that food and other essentials
dFqc9uGNWvU-00723-00177524-00177736 were in short supply Israel said that
dFqc9uGNWvU-00724-00177737-00177958 Gaza had enough food and energy supplies
dFqc9uGNWvU-00725-00177959-00178174 for weeks the Israeli government uses
dFqc9uGNWvU-00726-00178175-00178465 economic means to pressure Hamas among
dFqc9uGNWvU-00727-00178466-00178639 other things it caused Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00728-00178640-00178834 commercial enterprises like banks and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00729-00178835-00179023 fuel companies to stop doing business
dFqc9uGNWvU-00730-00179024-00179296 with the Gaza Strip the role of private
dFqc9uGNWvU-00731-00179297-00179479 corporations in the relationship between
dFqc9uGNWvU-00732-00179480-00179698 Israel and the Gaza Strip as an issue
dFqc9uGNWvU-00733-00179699-00179866 that has not been extensively studied
dFqc9uGNWvU-00734-00179867-00180070 due to continued rocket attacks
dFqc9uGNWvU-00735-00180071-00180364 including 50 in one day in March 2008
dFqc9uGNWvU-00736-00180365-00180577 air strikes and ground incursions by the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00737-00180578-00180838 IDF led to the deaths of over 110
dFqc9uGNWvU-00738-00180839-00181039 Palestinians and extensive damage to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00739-00181040-00181420 Jabalia
dFqc9uGNWvU-00740-00181421-00181816 topic violence
dFqc9uGNWvU-00741-00181817-00182072 violence against Christians was recorded
dFqc9uGNWvU-00742-00182073-00182297 the owner of the Christian bookshop was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00743-00182298-00182519 abducted and murdered and on the 15th of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00744-00182520-00182791 February 2008 the Young Men's Christian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00745-00182792-00183119 Association YMCA library in Gaza City
dFqc9uGNWvU-00746-00183120-00183483 was bombed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00747-00183484-00184004 topic Egyptian border barrier breach
dFqc9uGNWvU-00748-00184005-00184367 on the 23rd of January 2008 after months
dFqc9uGNWvU-00749-00184368-00184541 of preparation during which the steel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00750-00184542-00184739 reinforcement of the border barrier was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00751-00184740-00184955 weakened Hamas destroyed several parts
dFqc9uGNWvU-00752-00184956-00185165 of the wall dividing Gaza and Egypt in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00753-00185166-00185432 the town of Rafah hundreds of thousands
dFqc9uGNWvU-00754-00185433-00185588 of Gaza ins crossed the border into
dFqc9uGNWvU-00755-00185589-00185882 Egypt seeking food and supplies due to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00756-00185883-00186074 the crisis Egyptian President Hosni
dFqc9uGNWvU-00757-00186075-00186290 Mubarak ordered his troops to allow the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00758-00186291-00186509 Palestinians in but to verify that they
dFqc9uGNWvU-00759-00186510-00186668 did not bring weapons back across the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00760-00186669-00186733 border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00761-00186734-00186953 Egypt arrested and later released
dFqc9uGNWvU-00762-00186954-00187157 several armed Hamas militants in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00763-00187158-00187331 Sinai who presumably wanted to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00764-00187332-00187622 infiltrate into Israel at the same time
dFqc9uGNWvU-00765-00187623-00187814 Israel increased its state of alert
dFqc9uGNWvU-00766-00187815-00187967 along the length of the Israel Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-00767-00187968-00188186 Sinai border and warned its citizens to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00768-00188187-00188594 lease Sinai without delay the EU border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00769-00188595-00188792 monitors initially monitored the border
dFqc9uGNWvU-00770-00188793-00188972 because Hamas guaranteed their safety
dFqc9uGNWvU-00771-00188973-00189239 but they later fled the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-00772-00189240-00189437 Authority demanded that Egypt deal only
dFqc9uGNWvU-00773-00189438-00189629 with the Authority in negotiations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00774-00189630-00189887 relating to borders Israel eased
dFqc9uGNWvU-00775-00189888-00190070 restrictions on the delivery of goods
dFqc9uGNWvU-00776-00190071-00190259 and medical supplies but curtailed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00777-00190260-00190472 electricity by five percent in one of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00778-00190473-00190766 its 10 lines the Rafah crossing remained
dFqc9uGNWvU-00779-00190767-00190928 closed into mid-february
dFqc9uGNWvU-00780-00190929-00191246 in February 2008 2008 Israel Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00781-00191247-00191462 conflict intensified with rockets
dFqc9uGNWvU-00782-00191463-00191753 launched at Israeli cities aggression by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00783-00191754-00191996 Hamas led to his railey military action
dFqc9uGNWvU-00784-00191997-00192257 on the 1st of March 2008 resulting in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00785-00192258-00192503 over 110 Palestinians being killed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00786-00192504-00192740 according to BBC News as well as to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00787-00192741-00193037 Israeli soldiers Israeli human rights
dFqc9uGNWvU-00788-00193038-00193289 group B'Tselem estimated that 45 of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00789-00193290-00193442 those killed were not involved in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00790-00193443-00193691 hostilities and 15 were minors after a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00791-00193692-00193883 round of tit-for-tat arrests between
dFqc9uGNWvU-00792-00193884-00194081 Fatah and Hamas in the Gaza Strip and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00793-00194082-00194309 West Bank the hill's clan from Gaza were
dFqc9uGNWvU-00794-00194310-00194516 relocated to Jericho on the 4th of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00795-00194517-00194855 August 2008 retiring Prime Minister a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00796-00194856-00195032 who'd Olmert said on the 11th of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00797-00195033-00195305 November 2008 the question is not
dFqc9uGNWvU-00798-00195306-00195443 whether there will be a confrontation
dFqc9uGNWvU-00799-00195444-00195706 but when it will take place under what
dFqc9uGNWvU-00800-00195707-00195929 circumstances and who will control these
dFqc9uGNWvU-00801-00195930-00196157 circumstances who will dictate them and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00802-00196158-00196346 who will note to exploit the time from
dFqc9uGNWvU-00803-00196347-00196550 the beginning of the ceasefire until the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00804-00196551-00196748 moment of confrontation in the best
dFqc9uGNWvU-00805-00196749-00197084 possible way on the 14th of November
dFqc9uGNWvU-00806-00197085-00197375 2008 Israel blockaded its border with
dFqc9uGNWvU-00807-00197376-00197606 after a five-month ceasefire broke down
dFqc9uGNWvU-00808-00197607-00197981 in 2013 Israel and Qatar brought goss's
dFqc9uGNWvU-00809-00197982-00198173 loan power plant back to life for the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00810-00198174-00198389 first time in 7 weeks bringing relief to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00811-00198390-00198617 the Palestinian coastal enclaves where a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00812-00198618-00198818 lack of cheap fuel has contributed to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00813-00198819-00199037 the overflow of raw sewage 21 hour
dFqc9uGNWvU-00814-00199038-00199238 blackouts and flooding after a ferocious
dFqc9uGNWvU-00815-00199239-00199529 winter storm palestinian officials said
dFqc9uGNWvU-00816-00199530-00199811 that a $10,000,000 grant from qatar was
dFqc9uGNWvU-00817-00199812-00200033 covering the cost of two weeks worth of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00818-00200034-00200246 industrial diesel that started entering
dFqc9uGNWvU-00819-00200247-00200588 Gaza by truckload from Israel on the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00820-00200589-00200900 25th of November 2008 Israel closed its
dFqc9uGNWvU-00821-00200901-00201116 cargo crossing with Gaza after Qassam
dFqc9uGNWvU-00822-00201117-00201332 rockets were fired into its territory on
dFqc9uGNWvU-00823-00201333-00201665 the 28th of November after a 24 hour
dFqc9uGNWvU-00824-00201666-00201791 period of quiet
dFqc9uGNWvU-00825-00201792-00202037 the IDF facilitated the transfer of over
dFqc9uGNWvU-00826-00202038-00202289 30 truckloads of food basic supplies and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00827-00202290-00202502 medicine into Gaza and transferred fuel
dFqc9uGNWvU-00828-00202503-00202993 to the area's main power plant
dFqc9uGNWvU-00829-00202994-00203531 topic 2008 Gaza war
dFqc9uGNWvU-00830-00203532-00203888 on the 27th of December 2008 Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00831-00203889-00204122 f-16 fighters launched a series of air
dFqc9uGNWvU-00832-00204123-00204275 strikes against targets in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00833-00204276-00204470 following the breakdown of a temporary
dFqc9uGNWvU-00834-00204471-00204797 truce between Israel and Hamas Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-00835-00204798-00204971 defense sources said that defense
dFqc9uGNWvU-00836-00204971-00205184 minister a who'd Barak constructed the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00837-00205185-00205427 IDF to prepare for the operation six
dFqc9uGNWvU-00838-00205428-00205640 months before it began using long-term
dFqc9uGNWvU-00839-00205641-00205808 planning and intelligence gathering
dFqc9uGNWvU-00840-00205809-00206009 various sites that Israel claimed were
dFqc9uGNWvU-00841-00206010-00206219 being used as weapons depots were struck
dFqc9uGNWvU-00842-00206219-00206333 police stations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00843-00206334-00206651 schools hospitals UN warehouses mosques
dFqc9uGNWvU-00844-00206652-00206855 various Hamas government buildings and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00845-00206856-00207110 other buildings Israel said that the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00846-00207111-00207323 attack was a response to Hamas rocket
dFqc9uGNWvU-00847-00207323-00207533 attacks on southern Israel which totaled
dFqc9uGNWvU-00848-00207534-00207764 over three thousand in 2008 and which
dFqc9uGNWvU-00849-00207765-00207923 intensified during the few weeks
dFqc9uGNWvU-00850-00207923-00208217 preceding the operation Israel advised
dFqc9uGNWvU-00851-00208217-00208427 people near military targets to leave
dFqc9uGNWvU-00852-00208428-00208685 before the attacks Palestinian medical
dFqc9uGNWvU-00853-00208686-00208994 staff claimed at least 434 Palestinians
dFqc9uGNWvU-00854-00208994-00209180 were killed in at least two thousand
dFqc9uGNWvU-00855-00209181-00209378 eight hundred wounded consisting of many
dFqc9uGNWvU-00856-00209379-00209588 civilians and an unknown number of Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00857-00209589-00209777 members in the first five days of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00858-00209778-00209921 Israeli strikes on Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00859-00209921-00210217 the IDF denied that the majority of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00860-00210219-00210506 Dead were civilian Israel began a ground
dFqc9uGNWvU-00861-00210507-00210713 invasion of the Gaza Strip on the 3rd of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00862-00210714-00211058 January 2009 Israel rebuffed many
dFqc9uGNWvU-00863-00211059-00211280 ceasefire calls but later declared a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00864-00211281-00211475 ceasefire although Hamas vowed to fight
dFqc9uGNWvU-00865-00211476-00211944 in a total of 1100 to 1400 Palestinians
dFqc9uGNWvU-00866-00211946-00212381 295 to 926 civilians and 13 Israelis
dFqc9uGNWvU-00867-00212382-00212588 were killed in the 22 day war the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00868-00212589-00212801 conflict damaged or destroyed tens of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00869-00212802-00213137 thousands of homes 15 of Gaza spittle
dFqc9uGNWvU-00870-00213138-00213446 zin 43 of its 110 primary health care
dFqc9uGNWvU-00871-00213446-00213767 facilities 800 water wells 186
dFqc9uGNWvU-00872-00213767-00214034 greenhouses and nearly all of its 10,000
dFqc9uGNWvU-00873-00214035-00214296 family farms leaving 50,000 homeless
dFqc9uGNWvU-00874-00214298-00214586 400,000 to 500,000 without running water
dFqc9uGNWvU-00875-00214587-00214798 1 million without electricity and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00876-00214800-00215084 resulting in acute food shortages the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00877-00215085-00215282 people of Gaza still suffer from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00878-00215283-00215450 loss of these facilities in Homs
dFqc9uGNWvU-00879-00215451-00215623 especially since they have great
dFqc9uGNWvU-00880-00215625-00215923 challenges to rebuild them by February
dFqc9uGNWvU-00881-00215925-00216191 2009 food availability returned to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00882-00216192-00216392 pre-war levels but a shortage of fresh
dFqc9uGNWvU-00883-00216392-00216598 produce was forecast due to damage
dFqc9uGNWvU-00884-00216600-00217121 sustained by the agricultural sector
dFqc9uGNWvU-00885-00217123-00217739 topic a 2014 unity government with fada
dFqc9uGNWvU-00886-00217740-00218036 on the 5th of June 2014 thought assigned
dFqc9uGNWvU-00887-00218037-00218192 a unity agreement with the Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00888-00218192-00218641 political party
dFqc9uGNWvU-00889-00218642-00219309 topic 2014 Israel Gaza conflict
dFqc9uGNWvU-00890-00219310-00219894 topic connections to Sinai insurgency
dFqc9uGNWvU-00891-00219894-00220171 Egypt's Sinai Peninsula borders the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00892-00220171-00220410 Strip in Israel its vast and desolate
dFqc9uGNWvU-00893-00220411-00220651 terrain has transformed it into a hotbed
dFqc9uGNWvU-00894-00220652-00220828 of illicit and militant activity
dFqc9uGNWvU-00895-00220829-00221053 although most of the area's inhabitants
dFqc9uGNWvU-00896-00221054-00221266 are tribal Bedouins there has been a
dFqc9uGNWvU-00897-00221267-00221482 recent increase in al-qaeda inspired
dFqc9uGNWvU-00898-00221483-00221716 global jihadi militant groups operating
dFqc9uGNWvU-00899-00221717-00221965 in the region out of the approximately
dFqc9uGNWvU-00900-00221966-00222207 15 main militant groups operating in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00901-00222208-00222400 Sinai desert the most dominant and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00902-00222401-00222567 active militant groups have close
dFqc9uGNWvU-00903-00222569-00222781 relations with the Gaza Strip according
dFqc9uGNWvU-00904-00222782-00222969 to Egyptian authorities the army of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00905-00222971-00223194 Islam a u.s. designated terrorist
dFqc9uGNWvU-00906-00223196-00223507 organization based in the Gaza Strip is
dFqc9uGNWvU-00907-00223508-00223705 responsible for training and supplying
dFqc9uGNWvU-00908-00223706-00223917 many militant organizations and jihadist
dFqc9uGNWvU-00909-00223919-00224230 members in Sinai Mohammad Dornish the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00910-00224231-00224442 army of Islam's leader is known for his
dFqc9uGNWvU-00911-00224444-00224605 close relationships to the Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00912-00224606-00224890 leadership Army of Islam smuggles
dFqc9uGNWvU-00913-00224891-00225094 members into the Gaza Strip for training
dFqc9uGNWvU-00914-00225094-00225301 then returns them to the Sinai Peninsula
dFqc9uGNWvU-00915-00225302-00225469 to engage in militant and jihadist
dFqc9uGNWvU-00916-00225469-00225832 activities
dFqc9uGNWvU-00917-00225833-00226527 topic 2018 Israel Gaza conflict
dFqc9uGNWvU-00918-00226528-00227027 topic governance
dFqc9uGNWvU-00919-00227028-00227512 topic Hamas government
dFqc9uGNWvU-00920-00227513-00227810 since its takeover of Gaza Hamas has
dFqc9uGNWvU-00921-00227811-00228035 exercised executive authority over the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00922-00228036-00228242 Gaza Strip and it governs the territory
dFqc9uGNWvU-00923-00228242-00228413 through its own ad-hoc executive
dFqc9uGNWvU-00924-00228414-00228701 legislative and judicial bodies the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00925-00228702-00228959 Hamas government of 2012 was the second
dFqc9uGNWvU-00926-00228960-00229139 Palestinian Hamas dominated government
dFqc9uGNWvU-00927-00229140-00229373 ruling over the Gaza Strip since the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00928-00229373-00229544 split of the Palestinian National
dFqc9uGNWvU-00929-00229544-00229859 Authority in 2007 it was announced in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00930-00229860-00230138 early September 2012 the reshuffle of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00931-00230139-00230330 the previous government was approved by
dFqc9uGNWvU-00932-00230331-00230542 Gaza based Hamas MPs from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00933-00230544-00230825 Palestinian Legislative Council PLC or
dFqc9uGNWvU-00934-00230826-00231053 Parliament the legal code Hamas applies
dFqc9uGNWvU-00935-00231054-00231284 in Gaza is based on Ottoman laws the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00936-00231285-00231539 British mandates 1936 legal code
dFqc9uGNWvU-00937-00231540-00231806 Palestinian Authority law Sharia law and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00938-00231807-00232130 Israeli military orders Hamas maintains
dFqc9uGNWvU-00939-00232131-00232325 a judicial system with civilian and
dFqc9uGNWvU-00940-00232326-00232544 military courts in a public prosecution
dFqc9uGNWvU-00941-00232544-00232944 service
dFqc9uGNWvU-00942-00232946-00233373 topic security
dFqc9uGNWvU-00943-00233373-00233607 the Gaza Strip security is mainly
dFqc9uGNWvU-00944-00233608-00233810 handled by Hamas through its military
dFqc9uGNWvU-00945-00233811-00234021 wing the is ad-din al-qassam brigades
dFqc9uGNWvU-00946-00234021-00234285 internal security service and civil
dFqc9uGNWvU-00947-00234286-00234540 police force the is ad-din al-qassam
dFqc9uGNWvU-00948-00234541-00234825 brigades have an estimated 30,000 to
dFqc9uGNWvU-00949-00234826-00235107 50,000 operatives however other
dFqc9uGNWvU-00950-00235108-00235359 Palestinian militant factions operate in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00951-00235360-00235571 the Gaza Strip alongside and sometimes
dFqc9uGNWvU-00952-00235573-00235860 opposed to Hamas the Islamic Jihad
dFqc9uGNWvU-00953-00235861-00236100 movement in Palestine also known as the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00954-00236101-00236400 Palestinian Islamic Jihad pIJ is the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00955-00236401-00236571 second largest militant faction
dFqc9uGNWvU-00956-00236571-00236727 operating in the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-00957-00236728-00236964 it's military wing the all codes
dFqc9uGNWvU-00958-00236965-00237221 brigades has an estimated 8,000 fighters
dFqc9uGNWvU-00959-00237223-00237591 in June 2013 the Islamic Jihad broke
dFqc9uGNWvU-00960-00237592-00237777 ties with Hamas leaders after Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-00961-00237778-00237966 police fatally shot the commander of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00962-00237967-00238278 Islamic Jihad's military wing the third
dFqc9uGNWvU-00963-00238279-00238452 largest faction as the Popular
dFqc9uGNWvU-00964-00238453-00238701 Resistance committees its military wing
dFqc9uGNWvU-00965-00238702-00238932 is known as the Al Nasser saleh al deen
dFqc9uGNWvU-00966-00238933-00239241 brigades other factions include the army
dFqc9uGNWvU-00967-00239242-00239475 of islam an Islamist faction of the dog
dFqc9uGNWvU-00968-00239476-00239723 mish clan the Nidal ala moody battalion
dFqc9uGNWvU-00969-00239725-00239894 an offshoot of the west bank based
dFqc9uGNWvU-00970-00239896-00240110 Fattah linked a lake USA Martyrs
dFqc9uGNWvU-00971-00240111-00240359 Brigades the Abu Ali Mustafa brigades
dFqc9uGNWvU-00972-00240360-00240573 the armed wing of the Popular Front for
dFqc9uGNWvU-00973-00240573-00240746 the Liberation of Palestine and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00974-00240748-00240969 Sheikh Omar Hadid brigade an offshoot of
dFqc9uGNWvU-00975-00240969-00241312 ISIL
dFqc9uGNWvU-00976-00241313-00241819 topic status
dFqc9uGNWvU-00977-00241819-00242317 topic occupation
dFqc9uGNWvU-00978-00242319-00242573 the international community regards all
dFqc9uGNWvU-00979-00242573-00242762 of the Palestinian territories including
dFqc9uGNWvU-00980-00242763-00243116 Gaza as occupied Human Rights Watch has
dFqc9uGNWvU-00981-00243117-00243305 declared at the UN Human Rights Council
dFqc9uGNWvU-00982-00243306-00243479 that it views Israel as a de facto
dFqc9uGNWvU-00983-00243480-00243760 occupying power in the Gaza Strip even
dFqc9uGNWvU-00984-00243761-00243958 though Israel has no military or other
dFqc9uGNWvU-00985-00243959-00244154 presence because the Oslo Accords
dFqc9uGNWvU-00986-00244155-00244313 authorized Israel to control the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00987-00244314-00244601 airspace in the territorial sea in his
dFqc9uGNWvU-00988-00244602-00244919 statement on the 2008-2009 Israel Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-00989-00244919-00244996 conflict
dFqc9uGNWvU-00990-00244998-00245194 Richard Fock United Nations Special
dFqc9uGNWvU-00991-00245196-00245359 Rapporteur wrote that international
dFqc9uGNWvU-00992-00245360-00245603 humanitarian law applied to Israel in
dFqc9uGNWvU-00993-00245604-00245828 regard to the obligations of an
dFqc9uGNWvU-00994-00245829-00246071 occupying power and in the requirements
dFqc9uGNWvU-00995-00246071-00246413 of the laws of war Amnesty International
dFqc9uGNWvU-00996-00246414-00246671 the World Health Organization Oxfam the
dFqc9uGNWvU-00997-00246671-00246827 International Committee of the Red Cross
dFqc9uGNWvU-00998-00246828-00247103 the United Nations the United Nations
dFqc9uGNWvU-00999-00247104-00247342 General Assembly the UN fact-finding
dFqc9uGNWvU-01000-00247344-00247546 mission to Gaza international human
dFqc9uGNWvU-01001-00247548-00247763 rights organizations US government
dFqc9uGNWvU-01002-00247764-00247952 websites the UK Foreign and Commonwealth
dFqc9uGNWvU-01003-00247953-00248228 Office and a significant number of legal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01004-00248229-00248450 commentators Jeffrey Aronson Marin
dFqc9uGNWvU-01005-00248451-00248642 benveniste Claude brooder line
dFqc9uGNWvU-01006-00248642-00248942 sorry boshy Kenneth man Shane Darcy John
dFqc9uGNWvU-01007-00248942-00248998 Reynolds
dFqc9uGNWvU-01008-00249000-00249248 yoram den Steen John du gard Marquez
dFqc9uGNWvU-01009-00249248-00249503 Calais er mustafa mari andean ska be
dFqc9uGNWvU-01010-00249504-00249701 maintained that israel's extensive
dFqc9uGNWvU-01011-00249702-00249926 direct external control over Gaza and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01012-00249927-00250123 indirect control over the lives of its
dFqc9uGNWvU-01013-00250125-00250304 internal population mean that Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01014-00250305-00250604 remained occupied in spite of Israel's
dFqc9uGNWvU-01015-00250605-00250880 withdrawal from Gaza in 2005 the Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01016-00250881-00251110 government in Gaza considers Gaza as
dFqc9uGNWvU-01017-00251111-00251366 occupied territory Israel states that it
dFqc9uGNWvU-01018-00251367-00251567 does not exercise effective control or
dFqc9uGNWvU-01019-00251567-00251794 authority over any land or institutions
dFqc9uGNWvU-01020-00251796-00251966 in the Gaza Strip and thus the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01021-00251967-00252181 Strip is no longer subject to the former
dFqc9uGNWvU-01022-00252182-00252446 military occupation Foreign Affairs
dFqc9uGNWvU-01023-00252446-00252689 Minister of Israel Tzipi Livni stated in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01024-00252690-00253088 January 2008 Israel got out of Gaza it
dFqc9uGNWvU-01025-00253089-00253340 dismantled its settlements there no
dFqc9uGNWvU-01026-00253341-00253546 Israeli soldiers were left there after
dFqc9uGNWvU-01027-00253548-00253928 the disengagement on January 30th 2008
dFqc9uGNWvU-01028-00253929-00254134 the Supreme Court of Israel ruled that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01029-00254135-00254330 the Gaza Strip was not occupied by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01030-00254331-00254509 Israel in a decision on a petition
dFqc9uGNWvU-01031-00254510-00254717 against Israeli restrictions against the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01032-00254717-00254905 Gaza Strip which argued that it remained
dFqc9uGNWvU-01033-00254906-00255181 occupied the Supreme Court ruled that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01034-00255182-00255392 Israel has not exercised effective
dFqc9uGNWvU-01035-00255392-00255644 control over the Gaza Strip since 2005
dFqc9uGNWvU-01036-00255644-00255708 in a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01037-00255709-00255915 morning ly it was no longer occupied in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01038-00255916-00256155 a legal analysis hanok icons agrees with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01039-00256156-00256350 the Israeli position that Gaza is no
dFqc9uGNWvU-01040-00256351-00256626 longer occupied Gaza is not technically
dFqc9uGNWvU-01041-00256627-00256851 occupied given that there is no longer
dFqc9uGNWvU-01042-00256852-00257076 any effective control in the sense of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01043-00257077-00257462 article 42 of The Hague regulations
dFqc9uGNWvU-01044-00257463-00257719 even though the majority argues that the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01045-00257721-00257942 Gaza Strip is still occupied the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01046-00257942-00258142 effective control test at the core of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01047-00258144-00258389 the law of occupation is no longer met
dFqc9uGNWvU-01048-00258390-00258764 and hence Gaza is no longer occupied she
dFqc9uGNWvU-01049-00258765-00258949 disagrees that Israel cannot therefore
dFqc9uGNWvU-01050-00258950-00259180 be held responsible for the situation in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01051-00259181-00259417 Gaza because nonetheless Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01052-00259419-00259669 continues to exercise an important level
dFqc9uGNWvU-01053-00259671-00259900 of control over the Gaza Strip and its
dFqc9uGNWvU-01054-00259901-00260158 population making it difficult to accept
dFqc9uGNWvU-01055-00260159-00260312 that it would no longer have any
dFqc9uGNWvU-01056-00260313-00260665 obligations with regard to the Strip the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01057-00260666-00260939 absence of occupation does not mean the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01058-00260940-00261196 absence of accountability this
dFqc9uGNWvU-01059-00261198-00261467 responsibility is however not founded on
dFqc9uGNWvU-01060-00261467-00261700 the law of occupation but on general
dFqc9uGNWvU-01061-00261701-00261901 international humanitarian law
dFqc9uGNWvU-01062-00261902-00262074 potentially complemented by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01063-00262075-00262326 international human rights law
dFqc9uGNWvU-01064-00262327-00262585 avi bell argues that Israel does not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01065-00262586-00262804 control the Gaza Strip for the purposes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01066-00262805-00263012 of the law of belligerent occupation or
dFqc9uGNWvU-01067-00263013-00263200 Human Rights duties the nalle' Tillich
dFqc9uGNWvU-01068-00263201-00263374 decision of the International Criminal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01069-00263375-00263548 Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
dFqc9uGNWvU-01070-00263549-00263806 recited several factors indicating an
dFqc9uGNWvU-01071-00263807-00264031 occupiers effective control including
dFqc9uGNWvU-01072-00264032-00264191 that the local authorities must be
dFqc9uGNWvU-01073-00264192-00264400 incapable of functioning publicly the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01074-00264401-00264604 occupier must have forced present on the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01075-00264605-00264784 ground or at least capable of being
dFqc9uGNWvU-01076-00264785-00264976 projected in a reasonable time to make
dFqc9uGNWvU-01077-00264977-00265174 authority felt and the occupier must
dFqc9uGNWvU-01078-00265175-00265346 enforce directions to the civilian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01079-00265347-00265633 population similarly as the Nuremberg
dFqc9uGNWvU-01080-00265634-00265838 Tribunal ruled in the case of Wilhelm
dFqc9uGNWvU-01081-00265839-00266059 Liszt and others the hostages case an
dFqc9uGNWvU-01082-00266060-00266278 occupation indicates the exercise of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01083-00266279-00266489 governmental authority to the exclusion
dFqc9uGNWvU-01084-00266490-00266659 of the established government meaning
dFqc9uGNWvU-01085-00266660-00266824 that the local civil government should
dFqc9uGNWvU-01086-00266825-00267124 be eliminated quote these factors
dFqc9uGNWvU-01087-00267125-00267310 demonstrate that Israel does not have
dFqc9uGNWvU-01088-00267311-00267539 control over Gaza there is a local
dFqc9uGNWvU-01089-00267540-00267730 independent Administration in the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01090-00267731-00267949 Strip that does not answer to Israel and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01091-00267950-00268156 in fact openly and repeatedly carries
dFqc9uGNWvU-01092-00268157-00268363 out belligerent attacks against Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01093-00268364-00268627 Israel does not have troops regularly
dFqc9uGNWvU-01094-00268628-00268828 deployed in Gaza and it can only deploy
dFqc9uGNWvU-01095-00268829-00268991 such troops through heavy and difficult
dFqc9uGNWvU-01096-00268992-00269297 fighting the local civilian population
dFqc9uGNWvU-01097-00269298-00269554 does not answer to Israel Israel has no
dFqc9uGNWvU-01098-00269555-00269788 local administration
dFqc9uGNWvU-01099-00269789-00270031 it is simply not plausible to argue that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01100-00270032-00270241 Israel exercises effective control over
dFqc9uGNWvU-01101-00270242-00270346 the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01102-00270347-00270727 likewise Alex Stein argued in 2014 that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01103-00270728-00271000 Gaza was not occupied by Israel and thus
dFqc9uGNWvU-01104-00271001-00271189 Israel's only obligation under
dFqc9uGNWvU-01105-00271190-00271441 international law towards Gaza was to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01106-00271442-00271633 minimize harm to civilians during
dFqc9uGNWvU-01107-00271634-00271990 military operations in particular he
dFqc9uGNWvU-01108-00271991-00272176 wrote that Israel was under no legal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01109-00272177-00272341 obligation to provide it with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01110-00272342-00272560 electricity though it may choose to do
dFqc9uGNWvU-01111-00272561-00272781 so for humanitarian reasons
dFqc9uGNWvU-01112-00272782-00273106 Yuval Shanny also argues that Israel is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01113-00273107-00273373 probably not an occupying power in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01114-00273374-00273694 under international law writing that it
dFqc9uGNWvU-01115-00273695-00273913 is difficult to continue in regard
dFqc9uGNWvU-01116-00273914-00274132 Israel as the occupying power in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01117-00274133-00274354 under the traditional law of occupation
dFqc9uGNWvU-01118-00274355-00274558 but that some legal theories might
dFqc9uGNWvU-01119-00274559-00274762 downplay the significance of the lack of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01120-00274763-00274990 an Israeli presence on the ground and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01121-00274991-00275200 that Israel still continues to exercise
dFqc9uGNWvU-01122-00275201-00275479 some control over Gaza in parallel with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01123-00275480-00275791 the Palestinian Authority Shanny wrote
dFqc9uGNWvU-01124-00275792-00276055 that in order to identify the ultimate
dFqc9uGNWvU-01125-00276056-00276253 power of government in Gaza one should
dFqc9uGNWvU-01126-00276254-00276469 engage in a comparative analysis of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01127-00276470-00276697 degree of effective control exercised by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01128-00276698-00277213 the two competing sources of authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-01129-00277214-00277516 topic statehood
dFqc9uGNWvU-01130-00277517-00277690 you
dFqc9uGNWvU-01131-00277691-00277933 some analysts have argued that the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01132-00277934-00278088 Strip can be considered a de facto
dFqc9uGNWvU-01133-00278089-00278287 independent state even if not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01134-00278288-00278514 internationally recognized as such
dFqc9uGNWvU-01135-00278515-00278806 Israeli Major General Giora Island who
dFqc9uGNWvU-01136-00278807-00278998 headed Israel's National Security
dFqc9uGNWvU-01137-00278999-00279172 Council has argued that after the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01138-00279173-00279400 disengagement the Gaza Strip became a de
dFqc9uGNWvU-01139-00279401-00279574 facto State for all intents and purposes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01140-00279575-00279862 writing that it has clear borders and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01141-00279863-00280078 effective government an independent
dFqc9uGNWvU-01142-00280079-00280390 foreign policy and an army these are the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01143-00280391-00280708 exact characteristics of a state doctor
dFqc9uGNWvU-01144-00280709-00280911 Yaga levy a professor of political
dFqc9uGNWvU-01145-00280912-00281182 sociology and public policy at the Open
dFqc9uGNWvU-01146-00281183-00281392 University of Israel wrote in a hearts
dFqc9uGNWvU-01147-00281393-00281626 column that Gaza is a state in every
dFqc9uGNWvU-01148-00281627-00281896 respect at least as social scientists
dFqc9uGNWvU-01149-00281897-00282181 understand the term it has a central
dFqc9uGNWvU-01150-00282182-00282406 government with an army that subordinate
dFqc9uGNWvU-01151-00282407-00282610 to it and that protects a population
dFqc9uGNWvU-01152-00282611-00282819 living in a defined territory
dFqc9uGNWvU-01153-00282820-00283150 nevertheless Gaza is a castrated state
dFqc9uGNWvU-01154-00283151-00283519 Israel and Egypt control its borders the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01155-00283520-00283738 Palestinian Authority pays for the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01156-00283739-00283960 salaries of some of its civil servants
dFqc9uGNWvU-01157-00283961-00284248 and the army doesn't have a monopoly on
dFqc9uGNWvU-01158-00284249-00284419 armed force because there are
dFqc9uGNWvU-01159-00284420-00284638 independent militias operating alongside
dFqc9uGNWvU-01160-00284639-00285037 it Moshe Arens a former Israeli diplomat
dFqc9uGNWvU-01161-00285038-00285208 who served as foreign minister and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01162-00285209-00285397 defense minister likewise wrote that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01163-00285398-00285658 Gaza as a status it has a government an
dFqc9uGNWvU-01164-00285659-00285901 army a police force and courts that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01165-00285902-00286125 dispense justice of sorts
dFqc9uGNWvU-01166-00286126-00286405 Jeffrey Aronson has likewise argued that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01167-00286406-00286603 the Gaza Strip can be considered a proto
dFqc9uGNWvU-01168-00286604-00286780 state with some aspects of sovereignty
dFqc9uGNWvU-01169-00286781-00287026 writing that a protist state already
dFqc9uGNWvU-01170-00287027-00287275 exists in the Gaza Strip with objective
dFqc9uGNWvU-01171-00287276-00287482 attributes of sovereignty the Ramallah
dFqc9uGNWvU-01172-00287483-00287754 based Mahmud Abbas can only dream about
dFqc9uGNWvU-01173-00287755-00288055 Gaza as a single contiguous territory
dFqc9uGNWvU-01174-00288056-00288373 with de-facto borders recognized if not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01175-00288374-00288636 always respected by friend and foe alike
dFqc9uGNWvU-01176-00288637-00288901 there are no permanently stationed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01177-00288902-00289147 foreign occupiers and most importantly
dFqc9uGNWvU-01178-00289148-00289519 no civilian Israeli settlements writing
dFqc9uGNWvU-01179-00289520-00289714 in Newsweek journalist mark Schulman
dFqc9uGNWvU-01180-00289715-00289951 referred to Gaza as an impoverished
dFqc9uGNWvU-01181-00289952-00290487 protis state Tate that lives off aid
dFqc9uGNWvU-01182-00290488-00291057 topic control over airspace
dFqc9uGNWvU-01183-00291058-00291276 as agreed between Israel and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01184-00291277-00291471 Palestinian Authority in the Oslo
dFqc9uGNWvU-01185-00291472-00291696 Accords Israel has exclusive control
dFqc9uGNWvU-01186-00291697-00291984 over the airspace it can interfere with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01187-00291985-00292203 radio and TV transmissions and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01188-00292204-00292407 Palestinian Authority cannot engage in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01189-00292408-00292629 independent initiatives for operating a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01190-00292630-00292908 seaport or Airport the Accords also
dFqc9uGNWvU-01191-00292909-00293106 permitted Palestinians to construct an
dFqc9uGNWvU-01192-00293107-00293313 airport which was duly built and opened
dFqc9uGNWvU-01193-00293314-00293661 in 1998 Israel destroyed gauzes only
dFqc9uGNWvU-01194-00293662-00293964 Airport in 2001 in 2002 during the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01195-00293965-00294183 Second Intifada the Israeli army makes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01196-00294184-00294384 use of drones which can launch precise
dFqc9uGNWvU-01197-00294385-00294582 missiles they are equipped with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01198-00294583-00294759 high-resolution cameras and other
dFqc9uGNWvU-01199-00294760-00295011 sensors in addition the missile fired
dFqc9uGNWvU-01200-00295012-00295209 from a drone has its own cameras that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01201-00295210-00295410 allow the operator to observe the target
dFqc9uGNWvU-01202-00295411-00295629 from the moment of firing after a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01203-00295630-00295797 missile has been launched the drone
dFqc9uGNWvU-01204-00295798-00296024 operator can remotely diverted elsewhere
dFqc9uGNWvU-01205-00296025-00296304 drone operators can view objects on the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01206-00296305-00296472 ground in detail during both day and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01207-00296473-00296784 night Israeli drones routinely patrol
dFqc9uGNWvU-01208-00296785-00297132 over Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01209-00297133-00297628 topic buffer zone
dFqc9uGNWvU-01210-00297629-00297889 part of the territory is depopulated
dFqc9uGNWvU-01211-00297890-00298057 because of the imposition of buffer
dFqc9uGNWvU-01212-00298058-00298219 zones on both the Israeli and Egyptian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01213-00298220-00298477 borders initially Israel imposed a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01214-00298478-00298837 50-meter buffer zone in Gaza in 2000 it
dFqc9uGNWvU-01215-00298838-00299194 was expanded to 150 meters following the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01216-00299195-00299488 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza an
dFqc9uGNWvU-01217-00299489-00299683 undefined buffer zone was maintained
dFqc9uGNWvU-01218-00299684-00299881 including a no fishing zone along the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01219-00299882-00300328 coast in 2009-2010 Israel expanded the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01220-00300329-00300718 buffer zone to 300 meters in 2010 the UN
dFqc9uGNWvU-01221-00300719-00300925 estimated that 30 percent of the arable
dFqc9uGNWvU-01222-00300926-00301156 land in Gaza had been lost to the buffer
dFqc9uGNWvU-01223-00301157-00301392 zone on the 25th of February 2013
dFqc9uGNWvU-01224-00301393-00301678 pursuant to a November 2012 ceasefire
dFqc9uGNWvU-01225-00301679-00301930 Israel declared a buffer zone of 100
dFqc9uGNWvU-01226-00301931-00302134 metres on land and six nautical miles
dFqc9uGNWvU-01227-00302135-00302404 offshore in the following month the zone
dFqc9uGNWvU-01228-00302405-00302617 was changed to 300 metres and three
dFqc9uGNWvU-01229-00302618-00302989 nautical miles the 1994 Gaza Jericho
dFqc9uGNWvU-01230-00302990-00303220 agreement allows 20 nautical miles and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01231-00303221-00303493 the 2002 Brittini commitment allows 12
dFqc9uGNWvU-01232-00303494-00303808 nautical miles in August 2015 the IDF
dFqc9uGNWvU-01233-00303809-00304045 confirmed a buffer zone of 300 metres
dFqc9uGNWvU-01234-00304046-00304288 for residents and 100 metres for farmers
dFqc9uGNWvU-01235-00304289-00304420 but without explaining how to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01236-00304421-00304714 distinguish between the two as of 2015
dFqc9uGNWvU-01237-00304715-00304966 on the third of Gaza agricultural land
dFqc9uGNWvU-01238-00304967-00305266 residents risk Israeli attacks according
dFqc9uGNWvU-01239-00305267-00305575 to PCH are Israeli attacks take place up
dFqc9uGNWvU-01240-00305576-00305923 to approximately 1.5 kilometers 0.9
dFqc9uGNWvU-01241-00305924-00306193 miles from the border making 17 percent
dFqc9uGNWvU-01242-00306194-00306409 of Gaza's total territory a risk zone
dFqc9uGNWvU-01243-00306410-00306628 Israel says the buffer zone is needed to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01244-00306629-00306829 protect Israeli communities just over
dFqc9uGNWvU-01245-00306830-00307027 the border from sniper fire and rocket
dFqc9uGNWvU-01246-00307028-00307333 attacks in the 18 months until November
dFqc9uGNWvU-01247-00307334-00307615 2010 one thai farm worker in israel was
dFqc9uGNWvU-01248-00307616-00307819 killed by a rocket fired from Gaza and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01249-00307820-00308167 in 2010 according to IDF figures 180
dFqc9uGNWvU-01250-00308168-00308368 rockets and mortars had been fired into
dFqc9uGNWvU-01251-00308369-00308662 Israel by militants in six months
dFqc9uGNWvU-01252-00308663-00308896 however 11 Palestinian civilians
dFqc9uGNWvU-01253-00308897-00309100 including four children had been killed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01254-00309101-00309313 by Israeli fire and at least 70
dFqc9uGNWvU-01255-00309314-00309514 Palestinian civilians were injured in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01256-00309515-00309727 the same period including at least 49
dFqc9uGNWvU-01257-00309728-00309913 who were working collecting rubble and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01258-00309914-00310114 scrap metal a buffer zone was also
dFqc9uGNWvU-01259-00310115-00310312 created on the Egyptian side of the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01260-00310313-00310594 Egypt border in 2014
dFqc9uGNWvU-01261-00310595-00310789 scores of homes in Rafah were destroyed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01262-00310790-00310950 for the buffer zone
dFqc9uGNWvU-01263-00310951-00311166 according to Amnesty International more
dFqc9uGNWvU-01264-00311167-00311376 than 800 homes had been destroyed and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01265-00311377-00311613 more than 1,000 families evicted
dFqc9uGNWvU-01266-00311614-00311817 palestinian president mahmoud abbas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01267-00311818-00312039 agreed with the destruction of smuggling
dFqc9uGNWvU-01268-00312040-00312192 tunnels by flooding them and then
dFqc9uGNWvU-01269-00312193-00312375 punishing the owners of the houses that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01270-00312376-00312538 contained entrances to the tunnels
dFqc9uGNWvU-01271-00312539-00312708 including demolishing their houses
dFqc9uGNWvU-01272-00312709-00312920 arguing that the tunnels had produced
dFqc9uGNWvU-01273-00312921-00313164 1,800 millionaires and were used for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01274-00313165-00313392 smuggling weapons drugs cash and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01275-00313393-00313844 equipment for forging documents
dFqc9uGNWvU-01276-00313845-00314366 topic Gaza blockade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01277-00314367-00314627 Israel and Egypt maintained a blockade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01278-00314628-00314825 of the Gaza Strip although Israel allows
dFqc9uGNWvU-01279-00314826-00315007 in limited quantities of medical
dFqc9uGNWvU-01280-00315008-00315293 humanitarian aid the Red Cross claimed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01281-00315294-00315491 that the blockade harms the economy and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01282-00315492-00315716 causes a shortage of basic medicines and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01283-00315717-00315931 equipment such as painkillers and x-ray
dFqc9uGNWvU-01284-00315932-00316118 film Israel claims the blockade is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01285-00316119-00316313 necessary to prevent the smuggling of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01286-00316314-00316700 weapons into Gaza for example in 2014 a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01287-00316701-00316903 Panamanian flag ship claiming to be
dFqc9uGNWvU-01288-00316904-00317087 carrying construction materials was
dFqc9uGNWvU-01289-00317088-00317288 boarded by the IDF and was found to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01290-00317289-00317621 contain Syrian produced rockets Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01291-00317622-00317822 maintains that the blockade is legal and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01292-00317823-00318050 necessary to limit Palestinian rocket
dFqc9uGNWvU-01293-00318051-00318221 attacks from the Gaza Strip on its
dFqc9uGNWvU-01294-00318222-00318382 cities and to prevent Hamas from
dFqc9uGNWvU-01295-00318383-00318596 obtaining other weapons director of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01296-00318597-00318853 Shin Bet Israel's Security Agency Yuval
dFqc9uGNWvU-01297-00318854-00319022 Diskin did not oppose easing trade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01298-00319023-00319202 restrictions but said that smuggling
dFqc9uGNWvU-01299-00319203-00319427 tunnels in Sinai and an open seaport in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01300-00319428-00319595 the Gaza Strip endangered Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01301-00319596-00319680 security
dFqc9uGNWvU-01302-00319681-00319928 according to Diskin Hamas and Islamic
dFqc9uGNWvU-01303-00319929-00320288 Jihad had smuggled in over 5000 rockets
dFqc9uGNWvU-01304-00320289-00320674 with ranges up to 40 kilometers 25 miles
dFqc9uGNWvU-01305-00320675-00320921 some of the Rockets could reach as far
dFqc9uGNWvU-01306-00320922-00321125 as the Tel Aviv metropolitan area
dFqc9uGNWvU-01307-00321126-00321310 Israeli spokesman Mark Regev
dFqc9uGNWvU-01308-00321311-00321575 described Israel's actions as sanctions
dFqc9uGNWvU-01309-00321576-00321835 not a blockade but a Gazin legal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01310-00321836-00322025 consultant for Unruh called the blockade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01311-00322026-00322282 an action outside of international law
dFqc9uGNWvU-01312-00322283-00322463 in July 2010
dFqc9uGNWvU-01313-00322464-00322684 British Prime Minister David Cameron
dFqc9uGNWvU-01314-00322685-00323024 said humanitarian Goods and people must
dFqc9uGNWvU-01315-00323025-00323312 flow in both directions Gaza cannot and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01316-00323313-00323485 must not be allowed to remain a prison
dFqc9uGNWvU-01317-00323486-00323798 camp quote in response the spokesman for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01318-00323799-00324140 the Israeli embassy in London said the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01319-00324141-00324338 people of Gaza are the prisoners of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01320-00324339-00324596 terrorist organization Hamas the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01321-00324597-00324835 situation in Gaza is the direct result
dFqc9uGNWvU-01322-00324836-00325148 of Hamas rule and priorities the Arab
dFqc9uGNWvU-01323-00325149-00325328 League accused Israel of waging a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01324-00325329-00325619 financial war the IDF strictly
dFqc9uGNWvU-01325-00325620-00325802 controlled travel within the area of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01326-00325803-00326012 crossing points between Israel and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01327-00326013-00326185 Gaza Strip and sealed its border with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01328-00326186-00326509 Gaza u.s. government travel guides warn
dFqc9uGNWvU-01329-00326510-00326754 tourists that the region was dangerous
dFqc9uGNWvU-01330-00326755-00326993 facing mounting international pressure
dFqc9uGNWvU-01331-00326994-00327176 Egypt and Israel lessened the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01332-00327177-00327419 restrictions starting in June 2010 when
dFqc9uGNWvU-01333-00327420-00327620 the Rafah border crossing from Egypt to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01334-00327621-00327738 Gaza was partially
dFqc9uGNWvU-01335-00327739-00328053 by Egypt Egypt's foreign ministry said
dFqc9uGNWvU-01336-00328054-00328188 that the crossing would remain open
dFqc9uGNWvU-01337-00328189-00328445 mainly for people but not for supplies
dFqc9uGNWvU-01338-00328446-00328659 Israel announced that it would allow the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01339-00328660-00328854 passage of civilian Goods but not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01340-00328855-00329043 weapons and items that could be used for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01341-00329044-00329376 dual purposes in December 2015
dFqc9uGNWvU-01342-00329377-00329598 Egypt asked Israel not to allow Turkish
dFqc9uGNWvU-01343-00329599-00329783 aid to get through to the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01344-00329784-00330030 Benjamin Netanyahu said that it is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01345-00330031-00330246 impossible to lift the siege on Gaza and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01346-00330247-00330414 that the security of Israel is the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01347-00330415-00330690 primary issue for him he confirmed that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01348-00330691-00330894 Israel is the only country that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01349-00330895-00331128 currently sends supplies to the coastal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01350-00331129-00331542 enclaves in January in February 2011 the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01351-00331543-00331707 United Nations office for the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01352-00331708-00331920 Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
dFqc9uGNWvU-01353-00331921-00332208 un och a assess measures taken to ease
dFqc9uGNWvU-01354-00332209-00332373 the blockade and concluded that they
dFqc9uGNWvU-01355-00332374-00332532 were helpful but not sufficient to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01356-00332533-00332673 improve the lives of the local
dFqc9uGNWvU-01357-00332674-00333045 inhabitants un och a called on Israel to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01358-00333046-00333249 reduce restrictions on exports and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01359-00333250-00333459 import of construction materials and to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01360-00333460-00333633 lift the general ban on movement between
dFqc9uGNWvU-01361-00333634-00333927 Gaza and the West Bank via Israel after
dFqc9uGNWvU-01362-00333928-00334164 Egypt's President Hosni Mubarak resigned
dFqc9uGNWvU-01363-00334165-00334446 on the 28th of May 2011 Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-01364-00334447-00334608 permanently opened its border with the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01365-00334609-00334851 Gaza Strip to students medical patients
dFqc9uGNWvU-01366-00334852-00335154 and foreign passport holders following
dFqc9uGNWvU-01367-00335155-00335430 the 2013 Egyptian coup d'etat Egypt's
dFqc9uGNWvU-01368-00335431-00335739 military has destroyed most of the 1,200
dFqc9uGNWvU-01369-00335740-00335898 tunnels which are used for smuggling
dFqc9uGNWvU-01370-00335899-00336108 food weapons and other goods to Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01371-00336109-00336516 after the August 2013 raba a massacre in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01372-00336517-00336723 Egypt the border crossing was closed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01373-00336724-00336819 indefinitely
dFqc9uGNWvU-01374-00336820-00337020 Israel has alternately restricted or
dFqc9uGNWvU-01375-00337021-00337206 allowed Goods and people to cross the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01376-00337207-00337359 terrestrial border and handles
dFqc9uGNWvU-01377-00337360-00337551 vicariously the movement of goods into
dFqc9uGNWvU-01378-00337552-00337863 and out of Gaza by air and sea Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01379-00337864-00338088 largely provides for goss's water supply
dFqc9uGNWvU-01380-00338089-00338283 electricity and communications
dFqc9uGNWvU-01381-00338284-00338550 infrastructure while the import of food
dFqc9uGNWvU-01382-00338551-00338697 is restricted through the Gaza blockade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01383-00338698-00338910 the Israeli military destroys
dFqc9uGNWvU-01384-00338911-00339123 agricultural crops by spraying toxic
dFqc9uGNWvU-01385-00339124-00339333 chemicals over the gaze and lands using
dFqc9uGNWvU-01386-00339334-00339548 aircraft flying over the border zone
dFqc9uGNWvU-01387-00339549-00339825 according to the IDF the spraying is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01388-00339826-00340056 intended to prevent the concealment of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01389-00340057-00340395 IEDs improvised explosive devices and to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01390-00340396-00340611 disrupt and prevent the use of the area
dFqc9uGNWvU-01391-00340612-00340953 for destructive purposes also causes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01392-00340954-00341118 agricultural research into
dFqc9uGNWvU-01393-00341119-00341415 station was destroyed in 2014 and again
dFqc9uGNWvU-01394-00341416-00341595 in January 2016
dFqc9uGNWvU-01395-00341596-00341745 while import of new equipment is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01396-00341746-00342052 obstructed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01397-00342053-00342548 topic movement of people
dFqc9uGNWvU-01398-00342549-00342800 because of the israeli-egyptian blockade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01399-00342801-00343004 the population is not free to leave or
dFqc9uGNWvU-01400-00343005-00343295 enter the Gaza Strip only in exceptional
dFqc9uGNWvU-01401-00343296-00343457 cases are people allowed to pass through
dFqc9uGNWvU-01402-00343458-00343649 the air as crossing or the Rafah border
dFqc9uGNWvU-01403-00343650-00344035 crossing in 2015 a Gazin woman was not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01404-00344036-00344201 allowed to travel through Israel to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01405-00344202-00344444 Jordan on her way to her own wedding the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01406-00344445-00344633 Israeli authorities found she did not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01407-00344634-00344873 meet the criteria for travel namely only
dFqc9uGNWvU-01408-00344874-00345098 in exceptional humanitarian cases under
dFqc9uGNWvU-01409-00345099-00345320 the long-term blockade the Gaza Strip is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01410-00345321-00345551 often described as a prison camp for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01411-00345552-00345770 open-air prison for its collective
dFqc9uGNWvU-01412-00345771-00346060 denizens the comparison is done by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01413-00346061-00346285 observers ranging from Roger Cohen and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01414-00346286-00346529 Laurence Wechsler to NGOs such as bit
dFqc9uGNWvU-01415-00346530-00346778 celeb and politicians and diplomats such
dFqc9uGNWvU-01416-00346779-00347024 as David Cameron Noam Chomsky recep
dFqc9uGNWvU-01417-00347025-00347264 tayyip air Doan david Shoebridge and Sir
dFqc9uGNWvU-01418-00347265-00347351 John Holmes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01419-00347352-00347660 in 2014 French president Francois
dFqc9uGNWvU-01420-00347661-00347846 Hollande called for the demilitarization
dFqc9uGNWvU-01421-00347847-00348041 of Gaza and a lifting of the blockade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01422-00348042-00348335 saying Gaza must neither be an open
dFqc9uGNWvU-01423-00348336-00348638 prison nor a military base an anonymous
dFqc9uGNWvU-01424-00348639-00348908 Israeli analyst has called it Israel's
dFqc9uGNWvU-01425-00348909-00349217 Alcatraz while Lauren Booth Phillips
dFqc9uGNWvU-01426-00349218-00349471 later Giorgio Agamben compare it to a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01427-00349472-00349802 concentration camp for Robert Swiss
dFqc9uGNWvU-01428-00349803-00350033 Strich and Philip Mendes such analogies
dFqc9uGNWvU-01429-00350034-00350243 are designed to offend Jews while Philip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01430-00350244-00350450 sieve dismisses the comparison as absurd
dFqc9uGNWvU-01431-00350451-00350648 and claims that it arises from sources
dFqc9uGNWvU-01432-00350649-00350867 like al jazeera and statements by arab
dFqc9uGNWvU-01433-00350868-00351210 leaders
dFqc9uGNWvU-01434-00351211-00351725 topic economy
dFqc9uGNWvU-01435-00351726-00351947 the economy of the Gaza Strip is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01436-00351948-00352160 severely hampered by Egypt and Israel's
dFqc9uGNWvU-01437-00352161-00352337 almost total blockade the high
dFqc9uGNWvU-01438-00352338-00352562 population density limited land access
dFqc9uGNWvU-01439-00352563-00352826 strict internal and external security
dFqc9uGNWvU-01440-00352827-00353072 controls the effects of Israeli military
dFqc9uGNWvU-01441-00353073-00353294 operations and restrictions on labor and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01442-00353295-00353564 trade access across the border per
dFqc9uGNWvU-01443-00353565-00353896 capita income PPP was estimated at
dFqc9uGNWvU-01444-00353897-00354314 $3,100 in 2009 a position of 160 fourth
dFqc9uGNWvU-01445-00354315-00354569 in the world 70 percent of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01446-00354570-00354758 population is below the poverty line
dFqc9uGNWvU-01447-00354759-00355109 according to a 2009 estimate Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01448-00355110-00355316 industries are generally small family
dFqc9uGNWvU-01449-00355317-00355541 businesses that produce textiles soap
dFqc9uGNWvU-01450-00355542-00355724 olive wood carvings and mother-of-pearl
dFqc9uGNWvU-01451-00355725-00356099 souvenirs the main agricultural products
dFqc9uGNWvU-01452-00356100-00356366 are olives citrus vegetables halal beef
dFqc9uGNWvU-01453-00356367-00356684 and dairy products primary exports are
dFqc9uGNWvU-01454-00356685-00356897 citrus and cut flowers while primary
dFqc9uGNWvU-01455-00356898-00357107 imports are food consumer goods and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01456-00357108-00357383 construction materials the main trade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01457-00357384-00357584 partners of the Gaza Strip are Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01458-00357585-00357788 and Egypt the EU described the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01459-00357789-00358052 economy as follows since Hamas took
dFqc9uGNWvU-01460-00358053-00358379 control of Gaza in 2007 and following
dFqc9uGNWvU-01461-00358380-00358604 the closure imposed by Israel the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01462-00358605-00358820 situation in the strip has been one of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01463-00358821-00359045 chronic need to development and donor
dFqc9uGNWvU-01464-00359046-00359246 dependency despite a temporary
dFqc9uGNWvU-01465-00359247-00359501 relaxation on restrictions in movement
dFqc9uGNWvU-01466-00359502-00359723 of people and goods following a flotilla
dFqc9uGNWvU-01467-00359724-00360101 raid in 2010 the closure has effectively
dFqc9uGNWvU-01468-00360102-00360302 cut off access for exports to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01469-00360303-00360560 traditional markets in Israel transfers
dFqc9uGNWvU-01470-00360561-00360749 to the west bank and has severely
dFqc9uGNWvU-01471-00360750-00361088 restricted imports exports are now down
dFqc9uGNWvU-01472-00361089-00361556 to 2% of 2007 levels according to Sarah
dFqc9uGNWvU-01473-00361557-00361850 Roy one senior IDF officer told in UN
dFqc9uGNWvU-01474-00361851-00362138 WRA official in 2015 that Israel's
dFqc9uGNWvU-01475-00362139-00362372 policy towards the Gaza Strip consisted
dFqc9uGNWvU-01476-00362373-00362660 of no development no prosperity no
dFqc9uGNWvU-01477-00362661-00363147 humanitarian crisis
dFqc9uGNWvU-01478-00363148-00363906 topic after Oslo 1994 to 2007
dFqc9uGNWvU-01479-00363907-00364117 economic output in the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01480-00364118-00364417 declined by about one-third between 1992
dFqc9uGNWvU-01481-00364418-00364795 and 1996 this downturn was attributed to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01482-00364796-00365029 Israeli closure policies and to a lesser
dFqc9uGNWvU-01483-00365030-00365254 extent corruption and mismanagement by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01484-00365255-00365557 Yasser Arafat economic development has
dFqc9uGNWvU-01485-00365558-00365734 been hindered by Israel refusing to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01486-00365735-00365955 allow the operation of a sea harbor a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01487-00365956-00366193 seaport was planned to be built in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01488-00366194-00366337 with help from France and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01489-00366338-00366514 Netherlands but the project was bombed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01490-00366515-00366865 by Israel in 2001 Israel said that the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01491-00366866-00367035 reason for bombing was that Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-01492-00367036-00367192 settlements were being shot at from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01493-00367193-00367357 construction site at the harbour
dFqc9uGNWvU-01494-00367358-00367651 as a result international transports
dFqc9uGNWvU-01495-00367652-00367828 both trade and aid had to go through
dFqc9uGNWvU-01496-00367829-00367972 Israel which was hindered by the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01497-00367973-00368155 imposition of generalized border
dFqc9uGNWvU-01498-00368156-00368476 closures these also disrupted previously
dFqc9uGNWvU-01499-00368477-00368692 established labor and commodity market
dFqc9uGNWvU-01500-00368693-00368884 relationships between Israel and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01501-00368885-00369178 strip a serious negative social effect
dFqc9uGNWvU-01502-00369179-00369349 of this downturn was the emergence of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01503-00369350-00369682 high unemployment for its energy Gaza is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01504-00369683-00369889 largely dependent on Israel either for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01505-00369890-00370090 import of electricity or fuel for its
dFqc9uGNWvU-01506-00370091-00370381 sole power plant the Oslo Accords set
dFqc9uGNWvU-01507-00370382-00370579 limits for the Palestinian production
dFqc9uGNWvU-01508-00370580-00370860 and importation of energy pursuant to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01509-00370861-00371047 the Accords the Israel Electric
dFqc9uGNWvU-01510-00371048-00371254 Corporation exclusively supplies the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01511-00371255-00371542 electricity 63% of the total consumption
dFqc9uGNWvU-01512-00371543-00371875 in 2013 the amount of electricity has
dFqc9uGNWvU-01513-00371876-00372121 consistently been limited to 120
dFqc9uGNWvU-01514-00372122-00372313 megawatts which is the amount Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01515-00372314-00372505 undertook to sell to Gaza pursuant to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01516-00372506-00372808 the Oslo Accords Israel's use of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01517-00372809-00373012 comprehensive closures decreased over
dFqc9uGNWvU-01518-00373013-00373321 the next few years in 1998 Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01519-00373322-00373489 implemented new policies to ease
dFqc9uGNWvU-01520-00373490-00373702 security procedures and allow somewhat
dFqc9uGNWvU-01521-00373703-00373870 freer movement of gaze and goods and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01522-00373871-00374155 labor into Israel these changes led to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01523-00374156-00374368 three years of economic recovery in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01524-00374369-00374572 Gaza Strip disrupted by the outbreak of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01525-00374573-00374800 the a lake USA Intifada in the last
dFqc9uGNWvU-01526-00374801-00375079 quarter of 2000 before the second
dFqc9uGNWvU-01527-00375080-00375346 Palestinian uprising in September 2000
dFqc9uGNWvU-01528-00375347-00375592 around 25,000 workers from the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01529-00375593-00375856 Strip about 2% of the population worked
dFqc9uGNWvU-01530-00375857-00376093 in Israel on a daily basis the Second
dFqc9uGNWvU-01531-00376094-00376294 Intifada led to a steep decline in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01532-00376295-00376477 economy of Gaza which was heavily
dFqc9uGNWvU-01533-00376478-00376780 reliant upon external markets Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01534-00376781-00377014 which had begun its occupation by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01535-00377015-00377221 helping dozens to plant approximately
dFqc9uGNWvU-01536-00377222-00377293 600
dFqc9uGNWvU-01537-00377294-00377626 18,000 trees in 1968 and to improve seed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01538-00377627-00377851 selection over the first three-year
dFqc9uGNWvU-01539-00377852-00378064 period of the Second Intifada destroyed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01540-00378065-00378309 10% of Gazin agricultural land and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01541-00378310-00378655 uprooted 226 thousand trees the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01542-00378656-00378874 population became largely dependent on
dFqc9uGNWvU-01543-00378875-00379105 humanitarian assistance primarily from
dFqc9uGNWvU-01544-00379106-00379375 UN agencies the a lake USA Intifada
dFqc9uGNWvU-01545-00379376-00379597 triggered tight IDF closures of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01546-00379598-00379806 border with Israel as well as frequent
dFqc9uGNWvU-01547-00379807-00379993 curbs on traffic in Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01548-00379994-00380215 self-rule areas severely disrupting
dFqc9uGNWvU-01549-00380216-00380542 trade and labor movements in 2001 and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01550-00380543-00380818 even more so in early 2002 internal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01551-00380819-00381016 turmoil and Israeli military measures
dFqc9uGNWvU-01552-00381017-00381258 led to widespread business closures in a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01553-00381259-00381547 sharp drop in GDP civilian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01554-00381548-00381745 infrastructure such as the Palestine
dFqc9uGNWvU-01555-00381746-00382042 Airport was destroyed by Israel another
dFqc9uGNWvU-01556-00382043-00382273 major factor was a drop in income due to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01557-00382274-00382444 reduction in the number of Gazans
dFqc9uGNWvU-01558-00382445-00382731 permitted entry to work in Israel after
dFqc9uGNWvU-01559-00382732-00382924 the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01560-00382925-00383122 flow of a limited number of workers into
dFqc9uGNWvU-01561-00383123-00383350 Israel resumed although Israel said it
dFqc9uGNWvU-01562-00383351-00383551 would reduce her and such permits due to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01563-00383552-00383773 the victory of Hamas in the 2006
dFqc9uGNWvU-01564-00383774-00384073 parliamentary elections the Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-01565-00384074-00384205 settlers of Gush Katif
dFqc9uGNWvU-01566-00384206-00384421 built green houses and experimented with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01567-00384422-00384703 new forms of agriculture these green
dFqc9uGNWvU-01568-00384704-00384913 houses provided employment for hundreds
dFqc9uGNWvU-01569-00384914-00385158 of Gazans when Israel withdrew from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01570-00385159-00385429 Gaza Strip in the summer of 2005 more
dFqc9uGNWvU-01571-00385430-00385612 than three thousand about half of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01572-00385613-00385809 green houses were purchased with 14
dFqc9uGNWvU-01573-00385810-00386010 million dollars raised by former World
dFqc9uGNWvU-01574-00386011-00386212 Bank president James Wolfensohn and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01575-00386213-00386416 given to Palestinians to jumpstart their
dFqc9uGNWvU-01576-00386417-00386674 economy the rest were demolished by the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01577-00386675-00386854 departing settlers before there were
dFqc9uGNWvU-01578-00386855-00387028 offered a compensation as an inducement
dFqc9uGNWvU-01579-00387029-00387306 to leave them behind the farming effort
dFqc9uGNWvU-01580-00387307-00387502 faltered due to limited water supply
dFqc9uGNWvU-01581-00387503-00387718 Palestinian looting restrictions on
dFqc9uGNWvU-01582-00387719-00387880 exports and corruption in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01583-00387881-00388182 Palestinian Authority many Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01584-00388183-00388335 companies repaired the greenhouses
dFqc9uGNWvU-01585-00388336-00388567 damaged and looted by the Palestinians
dFqc9uGNWvU-01586-00388568-00388894 after the Israeli withdrawal in 2005
dFqc9uGNWvU-01587-00388895-00389074 after the Israeli withdrawal from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01588-00389075-00389322 Gaza Strip Gaza businessmen envisage a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01589-00389323-00389709 magnificent future 1.1 million dollars
dFqc9uGNWvU-01590-00389710-00389863 was invested in an upscale restaurant
dFqc9uGNWvU-01591-00389864-00390112 roots and plans were made to turn one of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01592-00390113-00390306 the Israeli settlements into a family
dFqc9uGNWvU-01593-00390307-00390684 resort
dFqc9uGNWvU-01594-00390685-00390885 topic following Hamas takeover
dFqc9uGNWvU-01595-00390886-00391334 2007-present
dFqc9uGNWvU-01596-00391335-00391634 the European Union states Gaza has
dFqc9uGNWvU-01597-00391635-00391872 experienced continuous economic decline
dFqc9uGNWvU-01598-00391873-00392084 since the imposition of the closure
dFqc9uGNWvU-01599-00392085-00392501 policy by Israel in 2007 this has had
dFqc9uGNWvU-01600-00392502-00392670 serious social and humanitarian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01601-00392671-00393047 consequences for many of its 1.7 million
dFqc9uGNWvU-01602-00393048-00393345 inhabitants the situation has
dFqc9uGNWvU-01603-00393346-00393602 deteriorated further in recent months as
dFqc9uGNWvU-01604-00393603-00393843 a result of the geopolitical changes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01605-00393844-00394041 which took place in the region during
dFqc9uGNWvU-01606-00394042-00394334 the course of 2013 particularly in Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-01607-00394335-00394547 and its closure of the majority of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01608-00394548-00394775 smuggling tunnels between Egypt and Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01609-00394776-00394992 as well as increased restrictions at
dFqc9uGNWvU-01610-00394993-00395093 Rafa
dFqc9uGNWvU-01611-00395094-00395394 Israel the United States Canada and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01612-00395395-00395609 European Union have frozen all funds to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01613-00395610-00395780 the palestinian government after the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01614-00395781-00395933 formation of a hamas controlled
dFqc9uGNWvU-01615-00395934-00396138 government after its democratic victory
dFqc9uGNWvU-01616-00396139-00396353 in the 2006 palestinian legislative
dFqc9uGNWvU-01617-00396354-00396615 election they view the group as a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01618-00396616-00396782 terrorist organization and have
dFqc9uGNWvU-01619-00396783-00396977 pressured Hamas to recognize Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01620-00396978-00397191 renounce violence and make good on past
dFqc9uGNWvU-01621-00397192-00397496 agreements prior to disengagement
dFqc9uGNWvU-01622-00397497-00397767 120,000 Palestinians from Gaza had been
dFqc9uGNWvU-01623-00397768-00397992 employed in Israel or in joint projects
dFqc9uGNWvU-01624-00397993-00398273 after the Israeli withdrawal the gross
dFqc9uGNWvU-01625-00398274-00398435 domestic product of the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01626-00398436-00398753 declined Jewish enterprises shut down
dFqc9uGNWvU-01627-00398754-00398978 work relationships were severed and job
dFqc9uGNWvU-01628-00398979-00399251 opportunities in Israel dried up after
dFqc9uGNWvU-01629-00399252-00399522 the 2006 elections fighting broke out
dFqc9uGNWvU-01630-00399523-00399755 between Fatah and Hamas which Hamas won
dFqc9uGNWvU-01631-00399756-00399959 in the Gaza Strip on the 14th of June
dFqc9uGNWvU-01632-00399960-00400328 2007 Israel imposed a blockade and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01633-00400329-00400497 only goods permitted into the strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01634-00400498-00400671 through the land crossings were goods of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01635-00400672-00400850 a humanitarian nature and these were
dFqc9uGNWvU-01636-00400851-00401056 permitted in limited quantities an
dFqc9uGNWvU-01637-00401057-00401327 easing of Israel's closure policy in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01638-00401328-00401576 2010 resulted in an improvement in some
dFqc9uGNWvU-01639-00401577-00401777 economic indicators although exports
dFqc9uGNWvU-01640-00401778-00402023 were still restricted according to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01641-00402024-00402197 Israeli Defense Forces and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01642-00402198-00402387 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
dFqc9uGNWvU-01643-00402388-00402647 the economy of the Gaza Strip improved
dFqc9uGNWvU-01644-00402648-00402902 in 2011 with a drop in unemployment and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01645-00402903-00403245 an increase in GDP new malls opened and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01646-00403246-00403470 local industry began to develop this
dFqc9uGNWvU-01647-00403471-00403644 economic upswing has led to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01648-00403645-00403853 construction of hotels and arise in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01649-00403854-00404150 import of cars wide-scale development
dFqc9uGNWvU-01650-00404151-00404330 has been made possible by the unhindered
dFqc9uGNWvU-01651-00404331-00404525 movement of goods into Gaza through the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01652-00404526-00404705 kerem shalom crossing and tunnels
dFqc9uGNWvU-01653-00404706-00404960 between the Gaza Strip in Egypt the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01654-00404961-00405122 current rate of trucks entering Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01655-00405123-00405404 through Kerem Shalom as 250 trucks per
dFqc9uGNWvU-01656-00405405-00405677 day the increase in building activity
dFqc9uGNWvU-01657-00405678-00405864 has led to a shortage of construction
dFqc9uGNWvU-01658-00405865-00406148 workers to make up for the deficit young
dFqc9uGNWvU-01659-00406149-00406319 people are being sent to learn the trade
dFqc9uGNWvU-01660-00406320-00406598 in Turkey in 2012 Hamas leader Mahmud
dFqc9uGNWvU-01661-00406599-00406784 Sahar said that Gaza's economic
dFqc9uGNWvU-01662-00406785-00407000 situation has improved in Gaza has
dFqc9uGNWvU-01663-00407001-00407270 become self-reliant in several aspects
dFqc9uGNWvU-01664-00407271-00407509 except petroleum and electricity
dFqc9uGNWvU-01665-00407510-00407817 despite Israel's blockade Sahar said
dFqc9uGNWvU-01666-00407818-00407993 that gauzes economic conditions are
dFqc9uGNWvU-01667-00407994-00408223 better than those in the West Bank in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01668-00408224-00408569 2014 the --use opinion was today Gaza is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01669-00408570-00408741 facing a dangerous and pressing
dFqc9uGNWvU-01670-00408742-00408998 humanitarian and economic situation with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01671-00408999-00409263 power outages across Gaza for up to 16
dFqc9uGNWvU-01672-00409264-00409478 hours a day and as a consequence the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01673-00409479-00409680 closure of sewage pumping operations
dFqc9uGNWvU-01674-00409681-00409934 reduced access to clean water reduction
dFqc9uGNWvU-01675-00409935-00410139 in medical supplies and equipment the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01676-00410139-00410330 cessation of imports of construction
dFqc9uGNWvU-01677-00410331-00410555 materials rising unemployment rising
dFqc9uGNWvU-01678-00410556-00410778 prices and increased food insecurity if
dFqc9uGNWvU-01679-00410779-00411051 left unaddressed the situation could
dFqc9uGNWvU-01680-00411052-00411239 have serious consequences for stability
dFqc9uGNWvU-01681-00411240-00411497 in Gaza for security more widely in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01682-00411498-00411635 region as well as for the peace process
dFqc9uGNWvU-01683-00411636-00412060 itself
dFqc9uGNWvU-01684-00412062-00412614 topic 2012 fuel crisis
dFqc9uGNWvU-01685-00412615-00412882 usually diesel for Gaza came from Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01686-00412883-00413185 but in 2011 Hamas started to buy cheaper
dFqc9uGNWvU-01687-00413186-00413353 fuel from Egypt bringing it via a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01688-00413354-00413524 network of underground tunnels and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01689-00413525-00413749 refused to allow it from Israel in early
dFqc9uGNWvU-01690-00413750-00413943 2012 due to internal economic
dFqc9uGNWvU-01691-00413944-00414160 disagreement between the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01692-00414161-00414343 Authority and the Hamas government in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01693-00414344-00414574 Gaza decreased supplies from Egypt and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01694-00414575-00414749 through tunnels smuggling and Hamas is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01695-00414750-00414985 refusal to ship fuel via Israel the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01696-00414986-00415178 Strip plunged into a fuel crisis
dFqc9uGNWvU-01697-00415179-00415381 bringing increasingly long electricity
dFqc9uGNWvU-01698-00415382-00415528 shutdowns and disruption of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01699-00415529-00415814 transportation Egypt had attempted for a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01700-00415814-00415987 while to stop the use of underground
dFqc9uGNWvU-01701-00415988-00416195 tunnels for delivery of Egyptian fuel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01702-00416196-00416416 purchased by Palestinian authorities and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01703-00416417-00416599 had severely reduced supply through the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01704-00416600-00416897 tunnel network as the crisis broke out
dFqc9uGNWvU-01705-00416897-00417097 Hamas sought to equip the Rafah terminal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01706-00417098-00417320 between Egypt and Gaza for fuel transfer
dFqc9uGNWvU-01707-00417321-00417514 and refused to accept fuel to be
dFqc9uGNWvU-01708-00417515-00417668 delivered via the kerem shalom crossing
dFqc9uGNWvU-01709-00417668-00417928 between Israel and Gaza in mid-february
dFqc9uGNWvU-01710-00417929-00418228 2012 as the crisis escalated Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01711-00418229-00418439 rejected an Egyptian proposal to bring
dFqc9uGNWvU-01712-00418439-00418603 in fuel via the kerem shalom crossing
dFqc9uGNWvU-01713-00418604-00418858 between Israel and Gaza to reactivate
dFqc9uGNWvU-01714-00418859-00419180 Gaza only power plant Ahmed Abu al a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01715-00419181-00419378 marine of the Hamas run Energy Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-01716-00419379-00419576 refused it on the grounds that the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01717-00419577-00419789 crossing is operated by Israel and Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01718-00419789-00420002 fierce opposition to the existence of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01719-00420003-00420320 Israel Egypt cannot ship diesel fuel to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01720-00420321-00420481 Gaza directly through the Rafah crossing
dFqc9uGNWvU-01721-00420482-00420685 point because it is limited to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01722-00420686-00420889 movement of individuals in early March
dFqc9uGNWvU-01723-00420890-00421166 2012 the head of Gaza Zenergy authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-01724-00421167-00421352 stated that Egypt wanted to transfer
dFqc9uGNWvU-01725-00421353-00421585 energy via the kerem shalom crossing but
dFqc9uGNWvU-01726-00421586-00421751 he personally refused it to go through
dFqc9uGNWvU-01727-00421752-00422102 the zionist entity israel and insisted
dFqc9uGNWvU-01728-00422103-00422285 that egypt transfer the fuel through the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01729-00422285-00422491 Rafah crossing although this crossing is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01730-00422492-00422672 not equipped to handle the half million
dFqc9uGNWvU-01731-00422672-00422876 litres needed each day in late March
dFqc9uGNWvU-01732-00422877-00423158 2012 Hamas began offering car pools for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01733-00423159-00423353 people to use Hamas state vehicles to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01734-00423354-00423616 get to work many Gaza n--'s began to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01735-00423617-00423779 wonder how these vehicles have fueled
dFqc9uGNWvU-01736-00423780-00423964 themselves as diesel was completely
dFqc9uGNWvU-01737-00423965-00424202 unavailable in Gaza ambulances could no
dFqc9uGNWvU-01738-00424203-00424366 longer be used but Hamas government
dFqc9uGNWvU-01739-00424367-00424570 officials still had fuel for their own
dFqc9uGNWvU-01740-00424571-00424843 cars many gossin said that Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01741-00424844-00425033 confiscated the fuel it needed from
dFqc9uGNWvU-01742-00425034-00425245 petrol stations and used it exclusively
dFqc9uGNWvU-01743-00425246-00425554 for their own purposes egypt agreed to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01744-00425555-00425893 provide 600,000 liters of fuel to gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01745-00425895-00426062 but it had no way of delivering it that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01746-00426063-00426299 Hamas would agree to in addition Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01747-00426300-00426455 introduced a number of goods and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01748-00426456-00426647 vehicles into the Gaza Strip via the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01749-00426647-00426839 kerem shalom crossing as well as the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01750-00426839-00427130 normal diesel for hospitals Israel also
dFqc9uGNWvU-01751-00427131-00427385 shipped 150 thousand liters of diesel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01752-00427385-00427574 through the crossing which was paid for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01753-00427575-00427943 by the Red Cross in April 2012 the issue
dFqc9uGNWvU-01754-00427943-00428150 was resolved as certain amounts of fuel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01755-00428151-00428306 were supplied with the involvement of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01756-00428307-00428501 the Red Cross after the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01757-00428502-00428780 Authority and Hamas reached a deal fuel
dFqc9uGNWvU-01758-00428781-00428993 was finally transferred via the Israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-01759-00428993-00429182 kerem shalom crossing which Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01760-00429183-00429676 previously refused to transfer fuel from
dFqc9uGNWvU-01761-00429677-00430141 topic current budget
dFqc9uGNWvU-01762-00430142-00430389 most of the Gaza Strip administration
dFqc9uGNWvU-01763-00430391-00430582 funding comes from outside as an aide
dFqc9uGNWvU-01764-00430583-00430785 with large portion delivered by UN
dFqc9uGNWvU-01765-00430787-00431022 organizations directly to education and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01766-00431023-00431368 food supply most of the Gaza GDP comes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01767-00431368-00431572 as foreign humanitarian and direct
dFqc9uGNWvU-01768-00431572-00431851 economic support of those funds the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01769-00431852-00432060 major part is supported by the US and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01770-00432062-00432301 the European Union portions of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01771-00432302-00432478 direct economic support have been
dFqc9uGNWvU-01772-00432479-00432645 provided by the Arab League though it
dFqc9uGNWvU-01773-00432646-00432841 largely has not provided funds according
dFqc9uGNWvU-01774-00432842-00432931 to schedule
dFqc9uGNWvU-01775-00432932-00433180 among other alleged sources of Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01776-00433181-00433434 administration budget as Iran a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01777-00433435-00433714 diplomatic source told Reuters that Iran
dFqc9uGNWvU-01778-00433714-00433935 had funded Hamas in the past with up to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01779-00433937-00434118 three hundred million dollars per year
dFqc9uGNWvU-01780-00434119-00434284 but the flow of money had not been
dFqc9uGNWvU-01781-00434285-00434641 regular in 2011 payment has been in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01782-00434642-00434932 suspension since August said the source
dFqc9uGNWvU-01783-00434933-00435238 in January 2012 some diplomatic sources
dFqc9uGNWvU-01784-00435239-00435406 said that turkey promised to provide
dFqc9uGNWvU-01785-00435407-00435645 honey as Gaza Strip administration with
dFqc9uGNWvU-01786-00435646-00435859 300 million dollars to support its
dFqc9uGNWvU-01787-00435860-00436129 annual budget in April 2012 the Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01788-00436130-00436339 government in Gaza approved its budget
dFqc9uGNWvU-01789-00436339-00436576 for 2012 which was up 25 percent
dFqc9uGNWvU-01790-00436577-00436879 year-on-year over 2011 budget indicating
dFqc9uGNWvU-01791-00436880-00437118 that donors including Iran benefactors
dFqc9uGNWvU-01792-00437119-00437329 in the Islamic world and Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01793-00437330-00437530 expatriates are still heavily funding
dFqc9uGNWvU-01794-00437531-00437803 the movement chief of Gaza spar laments
dFqc9uGNWvU-01795-00437804-00438007 Budget Committee jamal nasser said the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01796-00438008-00438355 2012 budget is 769 million dollars
dFqc9uGNWvU-01797-00438356-00438978 compared to 630 million dollars in 2011
dFqc9uGNWvU-01798-00438979-00439556 topic geography and climate
dFqc9uGNWvU-01799-00439557-00439805 the Gaza Strip is located in the Middle
dFqc9uGNWvU-01800-00439806-00440162 East at 31 degrees 25 and 34 degrees 20
dFqc9uGNWvU-01801-00440163-00440518 II it has a 51 kilometers to miles
dFqc9uGNWvU-01802-00440520-00440792 border with Israel and an 11 kilometers
dFqc9uGNWvU-01803-00440793-00440987 seven miles border with Egypt near the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01804-00440988-00441287 city of Rafa Khan Younis is located
dFqc9uGNWvU-01805-00441288-00441500 seven kilometers four point three miles
dFqc9uGNWvU-01806-00441501-00441722 northeast of Rafa and several towns
dFqc9uGNWvU-01807-00441722-00441920 around dear el Balah are located along
dFqc9uGNWvU-01808-00441921-00442210 the coast between it and Gaza City Beit
dFqc9uGNWvU-01809-00442212-00442412 Lahiya and Beit Hanoun are located to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01810-00442413-00442601 the north and northeast of Gaza City
dFqc9uGNWvU-01811-00442602-00442895 respectively the Gush Katif block of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01812-00442896-00443110 Israeli settlements used to exist on the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01813-00443112-00443314 sand dunes adjacent to Rafa and Khan
dFqc9uGNWvU-01814-00443316-00443522 Younis along the southwestern edge of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01815-00443522-00443807 the 40 kilometers 25 miles Mediterranean
dFqc9uGNWvU-01816-00443808-00444110 coastline aldera beach is a popular
dFqc9uGNWvU-01817-00444110-00444326 venue for surfers the Gaza Strip has a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01818-00444327-00444557 hot semi-arid climate with warm winters
dFqc9uGNWvU-01819-00444558-00444746 during which practically all the annual
dFqc9uGNWvU-01820-00444747-00444993 rainfall occurs and dry hot summers
dFqc9uGNWvU-01821-00444995-00445250 despite the dryness humidity is high
dFqc9uGNWvU-01822-00445251-00445484 throughout the year annual rainfall is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01823-00445485-00445672 higher than in any other part of Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-01824-00445674-00445967 at around 300 to 400 millimetres 12 to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01825-00445968-00446189 16 in but almost all of this falls
dFqc9uGNWvU-01826-00446189-00446441 between November and February the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01827-00446442-00446639 terrain is flat or rolling with dunes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01828-00446639-00446933 near the coast the highest point is Abu
dFqc9uGNWvU-01829-00446934-00446978 auda
dFqc9uGNWvU-01830-00446979-00447431 Jo Z Abu auda at 105 metres 344 feet
dFqc9uGNWvU-01831-00447432-00447737 above sea level environmental problems
dFqc9uGNWvU-01832-00447738-00447983 include desert if occation salination of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01833-00447984-00448214 fresh water sewage treatment waterborne
dFqc9uGNWvU-01834-00448214-00448454 diseases soil degradation and depletion
dFqc9uGNWvU-01835-00448455-00448658 and contamination of underground water
dFqc9uGNWvU-01836-00448659-00449037 resources
dFqc9uGNWvU-01837-00449038-00449608 topic Natural Resources
dFqc9uGNWvU-01838-00449609-00449908 natural resources of Gaza include arable
dFqc9uGNWvU-01839-00449909-00450121 land about a third of the strip is
dFqc9uGNWvU-01840-00450122-00450403 irrigated recently natural gas was
dFqc9uGNWvU-01841-00450404-00450637 discovered the Gaza Strip is largely
dFqc9uGNWvU-01842-00450638-00450874 dependent on water from wadi gaza which
dFqc9uGNWvU-01843-00450875-00451260 also supplies Israel Gaza zmei reserves
dFqc9uGNWvU-01844-00451262-00451489 extend 32 kilometers from the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01845-00451489-00451710 strips coastline and were calculated at
dFqc9uGNWvU-01846-00451712-00452183 35 BCM
dFqc9uGNWvU-01847-00452184-00452659 topic demographics
dFqc9uGNWvU-01848-00452660-00452989 in 2010 approximately 1.6 million
dFqc9uGNWvU-01849-00452989-00453181 Palestinians lived in the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-01850-00453182-00453487 almost 1.0 million of them un registered
dFqc9uGNWvU-01851-00453488-00453724 refugees the majority of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01852-00453725-00453943 Palestinians descend from refugees who
dFqc9uGNWvU-01853-00453943-00454102 were driven from or left their homes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01854-00454103-00454443 during the 1948 arab-israeli war the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01855-00454445-00454630 strip's population has continued to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01856-00454631-00454828 increase since that time one of the main
dFqc9uGNWvU-01857-00454829-00455056 reasons being a total fertility rate of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01858-00455057-00455389 4.2 for children per woman 2014 asked in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01859-00455389-00455680 a ranking by total fertility rate this
dFqc9uGNWvU-01860-00455681-00456014 places Gaza 34th of 224 regions
dFqc9uGNWvU-01861-00456016-00456274 according to the UN unless remedial
dFqc9uGNWvU-01862-00456275-00456454 steps are taken to repair the basic
dFqc9uGNWvU-01863-00456455-00456676 infrastructure by 2020 with a further
dFqc9uGNWvU-01864-00456677-00456946 demographic increase of 500,000 and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01865-00456947-00457164 intensified housing problems the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01866-00457166-00457306 Strip will become effectively
dFqc9uGNWvU-01867-00457307-00457609 uninhabitable Sunni Muslims make up the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01868-00457610-00457789 predominant part of the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01869-00457789-00458107 population in the Gaza Strip most of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01870-00458108-00458305 inhabitants are Sunni Muslims with an
dFqc9uGNWvU-01871-00458306-00458593 estimated 2,000 to 3,000 Arab Christians
dFqc9uGNWvU-01872-00458593-00458947 making the region 99.8% Sunni Muslim and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01873-00458947-00459489 0.2% Christian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01874-00459489-00459980 topic religion and culture
dFqc9uGNWvU-01875-00459981-00460301 topic religious compliance of population
dFqc9uGNWvU-01876-00460302-00460672 to Islam
dFqc9uGNWvU-01877-00460672-00461389 topic Islamic law in Gaza from 1987 to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01878-00461389-00461685 1991 during the First Intifada Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01879-00461687-00461842 campaign for the wearing of the hijab
dFqc9uGNWvU-01880-00461843-00462082 had cover and for other measures such as
dFqc9uGNWvU-01881-00462083-00462285 the promotion of polygamy segregating
dFqc9uGNWvU-01882-00462287-00462468 women from men and insisting they stay
dFqc9uGNWvU-01883-00462470-00462691 at home in the course of this campaign
dFqc9uGNWvU-01884-00462692-00462895 women who chose not to wear the hijab
dFqc9uGNWvU-01885-00462896-00463132 were verbally and physically harassed by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01886-00463133-00463335 Hamas activists leading to her jobs
dFqc9uGNWvU-01887-00463337-00463618 being worn just to avoid problems on the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01888-00463618-00463945 streets in October 2000 Islamic
dFqc9uGNWvU-01889-00463946-00464122 extremists burned down the windmill
dFqc9uGNWvU-01890-00464122-00464347 hotel owned by Basel Allah WA when they
dFqc9uGNWvU-01891-00464347-00464524 learned it had served alcohol since
dFqc9uGNWvU-01892-00464525-00464797 Hamas took over in 2007 attempts have
dFqc9uGNWvU-01893-00464797-00464980 been made by Islamist activists to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01894-00464981-00465301 impose Islamic dress and to require
dFqc9uGNWvU-01895-00465302-00465547 women to wear the hijab the government's
dFqc9uGNWvU-01896-00465547-00465889 Islamic endowment ministry has deployed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01897-00465889-00466051 virtue committee members to warn
dFqc9uGNWvU-01898-00466052-00466234 citizens of the dangers of immodest
dFqc9uGNWvU-01899-00466235-00466513 dress card playing and dating however
dFqc9uGNWvU-01900-00466514-00466702 there are no government laws imposing
dFqc9uGNWvU-01901-00466703-00466918 dress and other moral standards and the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01902-00466918-00467134 Hamas Education Ministry reversed one
dFqc9uGNWvU-01903-00467135-00467332 effort to impose Islamic dress on
dFqc9uGNWvU-01904-00467333-00467622 students there has also been successful
dFqc9uGNWvU-01905-00467624-00467827 resistance to attempt by local Hamas
dFqc9uGNWvU-01906-00467828-00468058 officials to impose Islamic dress on
dFqc9uGNWvU-01907-00468059-00468226 women according to Human Rights Watch
dFqc9uGNWvU-01908-00468227-00468439 the Hamas controlled government stepped
dFqc9uGNWvU-01909-00468439-00468817 up its efforts to Islamize Gaza in 2010
dFqc9uGNWvU-01910-00468818-00469072 efforts it says included the repression
dFqc9uGNWvU-01911-00469072-00469441 of civil society and severe violations
dFqc9uGNWvU-01912-00469442-00469702 of personal freedom Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01913-00469703-00469872 researcher khalid al hroub has
dFqc9uGNWvU-01914-00469874-00470104 criticized what he called the taliban
dFqc9uGNWvU-01915-00470105-00470403 like steps hamas has taken the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01916-00470404-00470622 Islamization that has been forced upon
dFqc9uGNWvU-01917-00470624-00470938 the gaza strip the suppression of social
dFqc9uGNWvU-01918-00470939-00471184 cultural and press freedoms that do not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01919-00471185-00471466 suit a Massa's view s is an egregious
dFqc9uGNWvU-01920-00471467-00471781 deed that must be opposed it is the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01921-00471782-00472018 reenactment under a religious guise of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01922-00472018-00472249 the experience of other totalitarian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01923-00472250-00472624 regimes and dictatorship Hamas officials
dFqc9uGNWvU-01924-00472625-00472804 denied having any plans to impose
dFqc9uGNWvU-01925-00472805-00473182 Islamic law one legislator stated that w
dFqc9uGNWvU-01926-00473183-00473383 hat you are seeing are incidents not
dFqc9uGNWvU-01927-00473384-00473731 policy and that we believe in persuasion
dFqc9uGNWvU-01928-00473732-00474060 in October 2012 Gaza youth complain
dFqc9uGNWvU-01929-00474061-00474264 that security officers had obstructed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01930-00474265-00474456 their freedom to wear saggy pants and to
dFqc9uGNWvU-01931-00474457-00474625 have haircuts of their own choosing and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01932-00474626-00474879 that they faced being arrested youth in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01933-00474880-00475102 Gaza are also arrested by security
dFqc9uGNWvU-01934-00475103-00475290 officers for wearing shorts and for
dFqc9uGNWvU-01935-00475291-00475425 showing their legs which have been
dFqc9uGNWvU-01936-00475426-00475606 described by youth as embarrassing
dFqc9uGNWvU-01937-00475607-00475788 incidents and one youth explained that
dFqc9uGNWvU-01938-00475789-00476060 my saggy pants did not harm anyone
dFqc9uGNWvU-01939-00476061-00476364 however a spokesman for goss's Ministry
dFqc9uGNWvU-01940-00476365-00476583 of Interior denied such a campaign and
dFqc9uGNWvU-01941-00476584-00476772 denied interfering in the lives of Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01942-00476773-00477033 citizens but explained that maintaining
dFqc9uGNWvU-01943-00477034-00477270 the morals and values of the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01944-00477271-00477647 Society as highly required
dFqc9uGNWvU-01945-00477648-00477814 you
dFqc9uGNWvU-01946-00477816-00478343 topic Islamic politics
dFqc9uGNWvU-01947-00478345-00478596 Iran was the largest state supporter of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01948-00478597-00478818 Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood also
dFqc9uGNWvU-01949-00478818-00478983 gave support but these political
dFqc9uGNWvU-01950-00478984-00479130 relationships have recently been
dFqc9uGNWvU-01951-00479131-00479328 disrupted following the Arab Spring by
dFqc9uGNWvU-01952-00479329-00479520 Iranian support for in the position of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01953-00479521-00480082 Hamas has declined to support diminishes
dFqc9uGNWvU-01954-00480083-00480545 topic salafism
dFqc9uGNWvU-01955-00480546-00480833 in addition to Hamas a Salafist movement
dFqc9uGNWvU-01956-00480834-00481070 began to appear about 2005 in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01957-00481071-00481337 characterized by a strict lifestyle
dFqc9uGNWvU-01958-00481338-00481514 based on that of the earliest followers
dFqc9uGNWvU-01959-00481514-00481964 of Islam as of 2015 there are estimated
dFqc9uGNWvU-01960-00481964-00482210 to be only hundreds or perhaps a few
dFqc9uGNWvU-01961-00482210-00482474 thousand Salafists in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01962-00482475-00482705 however the failure of Hamas to lift the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01963-00482706-00482888 Israeli blockade of Gaza despite
dFqc9uGNWvU-01964-00482889-00483053 thousands of casualties and much
dFqc9uGNWvU-01965-00483054-00483359 destruction during 2008 to nine and 2014
dFqc9uGNWvU-01966-00483360-00483581 Wars has weakened Hamas support and led
dFqc9uGNWvU-01967-00483582-00483760 some in Hamas to be concerned about the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01968-00483762-00483935 possibility of defections to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-01969-00483935-00484259 Salafist Islamic state the movement has
dFqc9uGNWvU-01970-00484260-00484418 clashed with Hamas on a number of
dFqc9uGNWvU-01971-00484418-00484742 occasions in 2009 a Salafist leader
dFqc9uGNWvU-01972-00484743-00484972 Abdul Latif Moussa declared an Islamic
dFqc9uGNWvU-01973-00484973-00485195 Emirate in the town of Rafah on Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01974-00485196-00485522 southern border Musa and 19 other people
dFqc9uGNWvU-01975-00485522-00485702 were killed when Hamas forces stormed
dFqc9uGNWvU-01976-00485703-00486064 his mosque in house in 2011 Salafists
dFqc9uGNWvU-01977-00486066-00486287 abducted and murdered a pro Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-01978-00486288-00486541 Italian activist Vittorio Arrigoni
dFqc9uGNWvU-01979-00486542-00486797 following this Hamas again took action
dFqc9uGNWvU-01980-00486797-00487283 to crush the Salafist groups
dFqc9uGNWvU-01981-00487284-00487733 topic archeology
dFqc9uGNWvU-01982-00487734-00487988 the Gaza Museum of Archaeology was
dFqc9uGNWvU-01983-00487989-00488589 established by John @n coterie in 2008
dFqc9uGNWvU-01984-00488589-00489108 topic education
dFqc9uGNWvU-01985-00489109-00489405 in 2010 illiteracy among gays in youth
dFqc9uGNWvU-01986-00489406-00489705 was less than 1% according to Unruh
dFqc9uGNWvU-01987-00489706-00490018 figures there are 640 schools in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01988-00490019-00490374 383 government schools 221 onerous
dFqc9uGNWvU-01989-00490375-00490647 schools and 36 private schools serving a
dFqc9uGNWvU-01990-00490647-00491139 total of 440 1452 students in 2010 al
dFqc9uGNWvU-01991-00491139-00491387 sahara a private school in central gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-01992-00491388-00491612 introduced a special program for mental
dFqc9uGNWvU-01993-00491613-00491814 development based on math computations
dFqc9uGNWvU-01994-00491814-00492112 the program was created in Malaysia in
dFqc9uGNWvU-01995-00492113-00492383 1993 according to the school principal
dFqc9uGNWvU-01996-00492384-00492714 Majid al-bari in June 2011 some Gazans
dFqc9uGNWvU-01997-00492714-00492906 upset that Unruh did not rebuild their
dFqc9uGNWvU-01998-00492907-00493062 homes that were lost in the Second
dFqc9uGNWvU-01999-00493063-00493260 Intifada blocked unruhe from performing
dFqc9uGNWvU-02000-00493260-00493493 its services and shut down U and RW a
dFqc9uGNWvU-02001-00493494-00493830 summer camps Gaza residents also closed
dFqc9uGNWvU-02002-00493831-00494151 U n RW A's emergency department social
dFqc9uGNWvU-02003-00494152-00494720 services office and ration stores
dFqc9uGNWvU-02004-00494721-00495145 higher education
dFqc9uGNWvU-02005-00495146-00495442 in 2012 there were five universities in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02006-00495443-00495613 the Gaza Strip and eight new schools
dFqc9uGNWvU-02007-00495614-00495934 were under construction by 2018 nine
dFqc9uGNWvU-02008-00495935-00496234 universities were open the Community
dFqc9uGNWvU-02009-00496235-00496395 College of Applied Science and
dFqc9uGNWvU-02010-00496396-00496705 Technology CC AST was established in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02011-00496706-00497139 1998 in Gaza City in 2003 the college
dFqc9uGNWvU-02012-00497141-00497299 moved into its new campus and
dFqc9uGNWvU-02013-00497300-00497482 established the Gaza Polytechnic
dFqc9uGNWvU-02014-00497483-00497605 Institute GPI
dFqc9uGNWvU-02015-00497606-00498045 in 2006 in southern Gaza in 2007 the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02016-00498046-00498253 college received accreditation to award
dFqc9uGNWvU-02017-00498254-00498487 BA degrees as the University College of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02018-00498488-00498826 Applied Sciences you Cass in 2010
dFqc9uGNWvU-02019-00498827-00499027 the college had a student population of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02020-00499028-00499297 6,000 in 8 departments offering over 40
dFqc9uGNWvU-02021-00499297-00499639 majors
dFqc9uGNWvU-02022-00499639-00500127 topic health
dFqc9uGNWvU-02023-00500128-00500626 topic statistics
dFqc9uGNWvU-02024-00500627-00500847 in Gaza there are hospitals in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02025-00500849-00501082 additional healthcare facilities because
dFqc9uGNWvU-02026-00501083-00501253 of the high number of young people the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02027-00501254-00501451 mortality rate is one of the lowest in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02028-00501452-00501841 the world at 0.315 percent per year the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02029-00501842-00502096 infant mortality rate is ranked 105th
dFqc9uGNWvU-02030-00502097-00502354 highest out of 224 countries and
dFqc9uGNWvU-02031-00502355-00502570 territories at sixteen point five five
dFqc9uGNWvU-02032-00502571-00502860 deaths per 1000 births the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-02033-00502862-00503137 places twenty fourth out of 135
dFqc9uGNWvU-02034-00503138-00503320 countries according to Human Poverty
dFqc9uGNWvU-02035-00503321-00503635 index a study carried out by Johns
dFqc9uGNWvU-02036-00503635-00503884 Hopkins University us and alkyds
dFqc9uGNWvU-02037-00503885-00504085 University in a Buddhist for care
dFqc9uGNWvU-02038-00504085-00504355 international in late 2002 revealed very
dFqc9uGNWvU-02039-00504356-00504592 high levels of dietary deficiency among
dFqc9uGNWvU-02040-00504593-00504856 the Palestinian population the study
dFqc9uGNWvU-02041-00504857-00505068 found that seventeen point five percent
dFqc9uGNWvU-02042-00505070-00505342 of children aged 6 to 59 months suffered
dFqc9uGNWvU-02043-00505343-00505663 from chronic malnutrition 53 percent of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02044-00505664-00505924 women of reproductive age and 44 percent
dFqc9uGNWvU-02045-00505925-00506142 of children were found to be anemic
dFqc9uGNWvU-02046-00506143-00506389 insecurity in obtaining sufficient food
dFqc9uGNWvU-02047-00506389-00506701 as of 2016 affects roughly 70 percent of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02048-00506702-00506926 Gaza households as the number of people
dFqc9uGNWvU-02049-00506927-00507145 requiring assistance from UN agencies
dFqc9uGNWvU-02050-00507146-00507522 has risen from 72,000 in 2000 to 800,000
dFqc9uGNWvU-02051-00507524-00507781 in 2014 after the Hamas takeover of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02052-00507782-00507958 Gaza Strip health conditions in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-02053-00507959-00508255 Strip faced new challenges World Health
dFqc9uGNWvU-02054-00508256-00508525 Organization w-h-o expressed its
dFqc9uGNWvU-02055-00508526-00508726 concerns about the consequences of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02056-00508727-00508879 Palestinian internal political
dFqc9uGNWvU-02057-00508880-00509149 fragmentation the socio-economic decline
dFqc9uGNWvU-02058-00509150-00509353 military actions and the physical
dFqc9uGNWvU-02059-00509354-00509608 psychological and economic isolation on
dFqc9uGNWvU-02060-00509609-00509797 the health of the population in Gaza in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02061-00509797-00510133 a 2012 study of the occupied territories
dFqc9uGNWvU-02062-00510134-00510442 the w-h-o reported that roughly 50% of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02063-00510443-00510618 the young children and infants under 2
dFqc9uGNWvU-02064-00510620-00510907 years old and 39.1 percent of pregnant
dFqc9uGNWvU-02065-00510908-00511117 women receiving antenatal services care
dFqc9uGNWvU-02066-00511118-00511321 in Gaza suffer from iron deficiency
dFqc9uGNWvU-02067-00511322-00511609 anemia the organization also observed
dFqc9uGNWvU-02068-00511610-00511822 chronic malnutrition in children under
dFqc9uGNWvU-02069-00511822-00512029 five is not improving and may be
dFqc9uGNWvU-02070-00512030-00512456 deteriorating
dFqc9uGNWvU-02071-00512457-00513013 topic healthcare availability
dFqc9uGNWvU-02072-00513014-00513253 according to Palestinian leaders in the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02073-00513254-00513466 Gaza Strip the majority of medical aid
dFqc9uGNWvU-02074-00513467-00513735 delivered are past their expiration date
dFqc9uGNWvU-02075-00513737-00513972 Mounier l bearish the director of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02076-00513974-00514213 donations in Gaza self department claims
dFqc9uGNWvU-02077-00514214-00514459 30 percent of AIDS sent to Gaza is used
dFqc9uGNWvU-02078-00514460-00514666 Gazans who desire medical care in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02079-00514667-00514860 Israeli hospitals must apply for a
dFqc9uGNWvU-02080-00514862-00515221 medical visa permit in 2007 State of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02081-00515222-00515724 Israel granted 7176 permits and denied
dFqc9uGNWvU-02082-00515725-00516058 1627 in 2012 two hospitals funded by
dFqc9uGNWvU-02083-00516059-00516247 Turkey and Saudi Arabia were under
dFqc9uGNWvU-02084-00516247-00516664 construction
dFqc9uGNWvU-02085-00516664-00517168 topic culture and sports
dFqc9uGNWvU-02086-00517170-00517664 topic fine arts
dFqc9uGNWvU-02087-00517664-00517874 the Gaza Strip has been home to a
dFqc9uGNWvU-02088-00517875-00518060 significant branch of the contemporary
dFqc9uGNWvU-02089-00518060-00518276 Palestinian art movement since the mid
dFqc9uGNWvU-02090-00518277-00518585 20th century notable artists include
dFqc9uGNWvU-02091-00518585-00518818 painters ismail ashore Shafiq Redwyne
dFqc9uGNWvU-02092-00518820-00518945 Bashir Sen war
dFqc9uGNWvU-02093-00518946-00519221 Majid shala vias sir sowwy abdul rahman
dFqc9uGNWvU-02094-00519222-00519470 al museun and ismail sham out and media
dFqc9uGNWvU-02095-00519471-00519685 artists stay sir baton EG who lives in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02096-00519687-00519896 france and Laila Ali Shah WA who lives
dFqc9uGNWvU-02097-00519897-00520160 in London an emerging generation of
dFqc9uGNWvU-02098-00520160-00520376 artists is also active in maan prophet
dFqc9uGNWvU-02099-00520377-00520595 art organizations such as Windows from
dFqc9uGNWvU-02100-00520596-00520841 Gaza and ltk group which regularly host
dFqc9uGNWvU-02101-00520842-00521027 exhibitions and events open to the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02102-00521028-00521452 public
dFqc9uGNWvU-02103-00521453-00521835 athletics
dFqc9uGNWvU-02104-00521837-00522130 in 2010 Gaza inaugurated its first
dFqc9uGNWvU-02105-00522131-00522318 Olympic sized swimming pool at the as
dFqc9uGNWvU-02106-00522320-00522610 sadaqa club the opening ceremony was
dFqc9uGNWvU-02107-00522610-00522877 held by the Islamic Society the swimming
dFqc9uGNWvU-02108-00522878-00523105 team of a sadhaka holds several gold and
dFqc9uGNWvU-02109-00523106-00523318 silver medals from Palestinian swimming
dFqc9uGNWvU-02110-00523318-00523697 competitions
dFqc9uGNWvU-02111-00523697-00524312 topic transport in communications
dFqc9uGNWvU-02112-00524313-00524799 topic transport
dFqc9uGNWvU-02113-00524800-00525060 the Oslo Accords ceded control of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02114-00525061-00525258 airspace and territorial waters to
dFqc9uGNWvU-02115-00525259-00525537 Israel any external travel from Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-02116-00525538-00525780 requires cooperation from either Egypt
dFqc9uGNWvU-02117-00525781-00526095 or Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-02118-00526096-00526554 topic highways
dFqc9uGNWvU-02119-00526555-00526843 Salah al-din Road also known as the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02120-00526844-00527047 Salah at Dien highway is the main
dFqc9uGNWvU-02121-00527048-00527254 highway of the Gaza Strip and extends
dFqc9uGNWvU-02122-00527255-00527575 over 45 kilometres 28 miles spanning the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02123-00527576-00527761 entire length of the territory from the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02124-00527762-00527935 Rafah crossing in the south to the Erez
dFqc9uGNWvU-02125-00527936-00528196 crossing in the north the road is named
dFqc9uGNWvU-02126-00528197-00528412 after the 12th century ayah bid general
dFqc9uGNWvU-02127-00528413-00528764 Salah al-din
dFqc9uGNWvU-02128-00528765-00529424 topic rail transport former railway C
dFqc9uGNWvU-02129-00529425-00529661 Palestine railways hashtag railway in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02130-00529662-00530027 the Gaza Strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-02131-00530028-00530520 topic marine transport
dFqc9uGNWvU-02132-00530521-00530769 the port of Gaza has been an important
dFqc9uGNWvU-02133-00530770-00531066 and active port since antiquity despite
dFqc9uGNWvU-02134-00531067-00531276 plans under the Oslo peace accords to
dFqc9uGNWvU-02135-00531277-00531453 expand the port it has been under a
dFqc9uGNWvU-02136-00531454-00531660 blockade since Hamas was elected as a
dFqc9uGNWvU-02137-00531661-00531924 majority party in the 2006 elections
dFqc9uGNWvU-02138-00531925-00532236 both the Israeli Navy in Egypt enforced
dFqc9uGNWvU-02139-00532237-00532443 the blockade which continues currently
dFqc9uGNWvU-02140-00532444-00532668 and has limited many aspects of life in
dFqc9uGNWvU-02141-00532669-00532713 Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-02142-00532714-00532884 especially according to Human Rights
dFqc9uGNWvU-02143-00532885-00533076 Watch the movement of people and
dFqc9uGNWvU-02144-00533077-00533241 commerce with exports being most
dFqc9uGNWvU-02145-00533242-00533505 affected the improvement and rebuilding
dFqc9uGNWvU-02146-00533506-00533703 of infrastructure is also negatively
dFqc9uGNWvU-02147-00533704-00533991 impacted by these sanctions plans to
dFqc9uGNWvU-02148-00533992-00534170 expand the port were halted after the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02149-00534171-00534702 outbreak of the a lake USA Intifada
dFqc9uGNWvU-02150-00534703-00535133 topic air transport
dFqc9uGNWvU-02151-00535134-00535414 the Yasser Arafat International Airport
dFqc9uGNWvU-02152-00535415-00535672 opened on the 24th of November 1998
dFqc9uGNWvU-02153-00535673-00535901 after the signing of the Oslo to a court
dFqc9uGNWvU-02154-00535902-00536137 and the Wye River memorandum it was
dFqc9uGNWvU-02155-00536138-00536422 closed by Israel in October 2000 its
dFqc9uGNWvU-02156-00536423-00536635 radar station and control tower were
dFqc9uGNWvU-02157-00536636-00536825 destroyed by Israel Defense Forces
dFqc9uGNWvU-02158-00536826-00537122 aircraft in 2001 during the a Lake USA
dFqc9uGNWvU-02159-00537123-00537314 Intifada and bulldozers raised the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02160-00537315-00537641 runway in January 2002 the only
dFqc9uGNWvU-02161-00537642-00537808 remaining runway in the strip at the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02162-00537809-00538007 Gush Katif Airport fell into disuse
dFqc9uGNWvU-02163-00538008-00538283 following Israeli disengagement the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02164-00538284-00538508 airspace over Gaza may be restricted by
dFqc9uGNWvU-02165-00538509-00538697 the Israeli Air Force as the Oslo
dFqc9uGNWvU-02166-00538698-00539079 Accords authorized
dFqc9uGNWvU-02167-00539080-00539622 topic telecommunications
dFqc9uGNWvU-02168-00539623-00540132 topic telephone service
dFqc9uGNWvU-02169-00540133-00540405 the Gaza Strip has rudimentary landline
dFqc9uGNWvU-02170-00540406-00540624 telephone service provided by an open
dFqc9uGNWvU-02171-00540625-00540852 wire system as well as extensive mobile
dFqc9uGNWvU-02172-00540853-00541080 telephone services provided by Paul tell
dFqc9uGNWvU-02173-00541081-00541296 jawoll and Israeli providers such as
dFqc9uGNWvU-02174-00541297-00541575 cell comm Gaza is serviced by four
dFqc9uGNWvU-02175-00541576-00541752 Internet service providers that now
dFqc9uGNWvU-02176-00541753-00542320 compete for ADSL and dial up customers
dFqc9uGNWvU-02177-00542321-00542783 topic television and radio
dFqc9uGNWvU-02178-00542784-00543064 most Gaza households have a radio and a
dFqc9uGNWvU-02179-00543065-00543445 TV 70% plus and approximately 20% have a
dFqc9uGNWvU-02180-00543446-00543731 personal computer people living in Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-02181-00543732-00544004 have access to FTA satellite programs
dFqc9uGNWvU-02182-00544005-00544241 broadcast TV from the Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-02183-00544242-00544447 Broadcasting Corporation the Israel
dFqc9uGNWvU-02184-00544448-00544643 Broadcasting Authority and the second
dFqc9uGNWvU-02185-00544644-00545186 Israeli Broadcasting Authority
dFqc9uGNWvU-02186-00545187-00545629 pick see also
dFqc9uGNWvU-02187-00545630-00546193 topic notes and references
dFqc9uGNWvU-02188-00546194-00546730 topic bibliography
dFqc9uGNWvU-02189-00546731-00547091 topic external links
dFqc9uGNWvU-02190-00547092-00547297 you
dFqc9uGNWvU-02191-00547298-00547551 statistical atlas of Palestine at the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02192-00547552-00547814 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
dFqc9uGNWvU-02193-00547815-00548222 Gaza Strip the World Factbook Central
dFqc9uGNWvU-02194-00548223-00548532 Intelligence Agency Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-02195-00548533-00548703 territories at the United States
dFqc9uGNWvU-02196-00548704-00549027 Department of State map of Palestinian
dFqc9uGNWvU-02197-00549028-00549344 refugee camps 1993 under at CIA
dFqc9uGNWvU-02198-00549345-00549702 University of Texas Austin ramanan
dFqc9uGNWvU-02199-00549703-00550065 livestream of Gaza City via Ustream Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-02200-00550066-00550434 Strip at Google Maps 1991 map of the
dFqc9uGNWvU-02201-00550435-00550641 gaza strip showing roads and israeli
dFqc9uGNWvU-02202-00550642-00550986 towns 1999 map of the gaza strip
dFqc9uGNWvU-02203-00550987-00551403 annotated photo 2005 map of the Gaza
dFqc9uGNWvU-02204-00551404-00551873 Strip CIA University of Texas Austin
dFY5gy-n3oE-00000-00000038-00000403 Brazil's akina's primero sammich America
dFY5gy-n3oE-00001-00000404-00000665 latina a primera vez que su pre-event Oh
dFY5gy-n3oE-00002-00000666-00001141 a Contessa kin America latina immense
dFY5gy-n3oE-00003-00001142-00001460 Anna Solley created a cocoon th path
dFY5gy-n3oE-00004-00001461-00001927 arrows photos Clint's ec2000 Konkani
dFY5gy-n3oE-00005-00001928-00002226 jacob favo say John White Vivian's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00006-00002227-00002498 ozitag Jose Ramos busting score the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00007-00002499-00002892 prophecy he has you to by inissia a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00008-00002893-00003170 converged on Assad nos president a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00009-00003171-00003590 definitive contra tempra tacky yeah yeah
dFY5gy-n3oE-00010-00003590-00003806 Levi as you recommend services it's okay
dFY5gy-n3oE-00011-00003807-00004022 dear fellow comic we Supraja novel this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00012-00004022-00004271 is a process nestled into the end
dFY5gy-n3oE-00013-00004272-00004720 [Music]
dFY5gy-n3oE-00014-00004721-00005108 everyone this is tyler i'm CEO of wso -
dFY5gy-n3oE-00015-00005109-00005450 and this is our second annual api summit
dFY5gy-n3oE-00016-00005451-00005720 being held down in Brazil in são Paulo I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00017-00005721-00006020 want to personally apologize to all of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00018-00006021-00006341 you it had been my long-term plan to be
dFY5gy-n3oE-00019-00006342-00006595 down there and visiting with all of you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00020-00006597-00006769 to give the opening keynote
dFY5gy-n3oE-00021-00006770-00006967 unfortunately I had some last-minute
dFY5gy-n3oE-00022-00006968-00007226 business and instead of being in Sao
dFY5gy-n3oE-00023-00007227-00007555 Paulo i'm currently in colombo sri lanka
dFY5gy-n3oE-00024-00007556-00007913 taking care of some matters that cropped
dFY5gy-n3oE-00025-00007914-00008296 up here and in my place our founder and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00026-00008297-00008624 CTO paul Fremantle will be giving the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00027-00008625-00008824 opening keynote in just a couple of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00028-00008825-00009128 minutes today is an opportunity for you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00029-00009129-00009502 to learn network and connect with other
dFY5gy-n3oE-00030-00009503-00009716 colleagues that are working in the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00031-00009717-00009926 digital transformation space and to talk
dFY5gy-n3oE-00032-00009927-00010031 specifically about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00033-00010032-00010363 api's and how the world is becoming an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00034-00010364-00010670 API driven world all around us
dFY5gy-n3oE-00035-00010671-00011048 you may not be aware of this yet but 25%
dFY5gy-n3oE-00036-00011049-00011303 of the internet's traffic now flows
dFY5gy-n3oE-00037-00011304-00011699 through api's and on top of that 25% of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00038-00011700-00012053 the world's revenue is now API driven as
dFY5gy-n3oE-00039-00012054-00012419 well and and that is a significant
dFY5gy-n3oE-00040-00012420-00012742 change in the world considering that the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00041-00012743-00013013 concept of an API didn't
dFY5gy-n3oE-00042-00013013-00013253 and exist until about 10 years ago and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00043-00013254-00013610 according to some well-regarded analysts
dFY5gy-n3oE-00044-00013611-00013822 there's going to be more than a trillion
dFY5gy-n3oE-00045-00013824-00014141 dollars of revenue up for redistribution
dFY5gy-n3oE-00046-00014141-00014459 because of the impact that APRs are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00047-00014460-00014672 going to have on the development of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00048-00014672-00014993 omni-channel experiences so it has
dFY5gy-n3oE-00049-00014994-00015326 become an API driven world integration
dFY5gy-n3oE-00050-00015327-00015587 is the technology and backbone that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00051-00015588-00015919 allows us to deliver on our API vision
dFY5gy-n3oE-00052-00015920-00016144 and the API economy that's out there and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00053-00016145-00016447 and today is a wonderful opportunity for
dFY5gy-n3oE-00054-00016448-00016712 all of us to connect and discuss these
dFY5gy-n3oE-00055-00016713-00016937 trends and the important technologies
dFY5gy-n3oE-00056-00016938-00017108 that are happening around these trends
dFY5gy-n3oE-00057-00017109-00017294 in support of them I hope you have a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00058-00017295-00017387 wonderful day
dFY5gy-n3oE-00059-00017388-00017612 I will get down to Brazil and South
dFY5gy-n3oE-00060-00017613-00017867 Paulo for a visit in very short order
dFY5gy-n3oE-00061-00017868-00018134 and and in the meantime I'd like to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00062-00018135-00018521 introduce Paul our CTO and founder for
dFY5gy-n3oE-00063-00018522-00019232 his discussion here hi everybody I'm
dFY5gy-n3oE-00064-00019233-00019460 really honored to be here and I thank
dFY5gy-n3oE-00065-00019461-00019688 you all for turning out it's a great
dFY5gy-n3oE-00066-00019689-00019985 crowd there were a few complaints this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00067-00019986-00020135 morning that they weren't quite enough
dFY5gy-n3oE-00068-00020136-00020353 room and we apologize for that we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00069-00020354-00020588 weren't expecting this many people so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00070-00020589-00020981 but it's fabulous to see you all and I'm
dFY5gy-n3oE-00071-00020982-00021200 gonna talk to you about api's in the API
dFY5gy-n3oE-00072-00021201-00021533 driven world but I also have a slightly
dFY5gy-n3oE-00073-00021534-00021746 different take on the world and and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00074-00021747-00022034 Tyler so I'm gonna mix it up with a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00075-00022035-00022384 little bit of my own and angle on that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00076-00022385-00022769 so I hope I hope it doesn't some I hope
dFY5gy-n3oE-00077-00022770-00022994 you enjoy it so do we have any
dFY5gy-n3oE-00078-00022995-00023240 mathematicians in the in the room any
dFY5gy-n3oE-00079-00023241-00023510 mathematicians no not a single
dFY5gy-n3oE-00080-00023511-00023675 mathematician so if you were a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00081-00023676-00023906 mathematician this is this is an amazing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00082-00023907-00024346 formula this is all the most important
dFY5gy-n3oE-00083-00024347-00024818 symbols in mathematics joined up in one
dFY5gy-n3oE-00084-00024819-00025136 formula that's true it's it's a piece of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00085-00025137-00025355 incredible and these are things that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00086-00025356-00025594 that come from different areas from
dFY5gy-n3oE-00087-00025595-00025990 logarithms from complex numbers from
dFY5gy-n3oE-00088-00025991-00026365 circles and and the base units and and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00089-00026366-00026391 they
dFY5gy-n3oE-00090-00026392-00026616 all work out so mathematics when I was a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00091-00026617-00027030 kid I loved maths it was it was simple
dFY5gy-n3oE-00092-00027031-00027405 beautiful clean wonderful and I studied
dFY5gy-n3oE-00093-00027406-00027636 maths at University and then I also
dFY5gy-n3oE-00094-00027637-00027861 loved physics so you know this formula
dFY5gy-n3oE-00095-00027862-00028094 right everyone knows this formula again
dFY5gy-n3oE-00096-00028095-00028326 this is this is one of the most
dFY5gy-n3oE-00097-00028327-00028604 fundamental parts of the world
dFY5gy-n3oE-00098-00028605-00029073 encapsulated in in four symbols and it's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00099-00029074-00029241 amazing how simple it is that's why it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00100-00029242-00029499 captured everyone's mind and then we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00101-00029500-00029688 have biology I hated biology at
dFY5gy-n3oE-00102-00029689-00029898 university this is a biological equation
dFY5gy-n3oE-00103-00029899-00030123 right this is what biology equations
dFY5gy-n3oE-00104-00030124-00030282 look like this is a Genet this is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00105-00030283-00030567 showing how a gene transforms happen in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00106-00030568-00030927 DNA and it's hellish and I was like I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00107-00030927-00031152 can't I can't learn all this rubbish
dFY5gy-n3oE-00108-00031152-00031581 it's is that but since since more
dFY5gy-n3oE-00109-00031582-00031808 recently I've realized that biology is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00110-00031810-00032106 actually much more useful than maths and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00111-00032107-00032367 physics and that's because the space
dFY5gy-n3oE-00112-00032368-00032667 that were in computing has become very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00113-00032668-00032994 complex and biology is the study of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00114-00032995-00033372 complex systems you know when when I was
dFY5gy-n3oE-00115-00033373-00033678 a kid I was chatting over lunch with
dFY5gy-n3oE-00116-00033679-00033972 Juan Pablo and from Argentina and and we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00117-00033973-00034266 were talking about how we used to use
dFY5gy-n3oE-00118-00034267-00034575 dots computers at pcs with dots on them
dFY5gy-n3oE-00119-00034576-00034845 and two floppy disks all single-tasking
dFY5gy-n3oE-00120-00034846-00035025 and that was what computing was right
dFY5gy-n3oE-00121-00035026-00035370 now we have monstrous complex systems it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00122-00035371-00035724 takes one two years even just to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00123-00035725-00035919 understand the big systems in one
dFY5gy-n3oE-00124-00035920-00036180 enterprise you know if you sat down and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00125-00036181-00036327 you try to understand everything you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00126-00036328-00036594 could spend years studying and so we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00127-00036595-00037389 need these complex difficult and so that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00128-00037390-00037605 is where where some of Warren can it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00129-00037606-00037935 come from today comes from first I'm
dFY5gy-n3oE-00130-00037936-00038124 going to give you a little bit about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00131-00038125-00038334 dummies so - and we're
dFY5gy-n3oE-00132-00038335-00038577 and then I will explain when we're
dFY5gy-n3oE-00133-00038578-00038883 biology comes into api's and API driven
dFY5gy-n3oE-00134-00038884-00039291 systems so this has been an amazing year
dFY5gy-n3oE-00135-00039292-00039726 for open source you know and Brazil is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00136-00039727-00039969 in many ways more of an open source
dFY5gy-n3oE-00137-00039970-00040140 country than any other country in the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00138-00040141-00040470 world and so this is you know these are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00139-00040471-00040665 not these are not Brazilian companies
dFY5gy-n3oE-00140-00040666-00040872 but I can imagine that there are a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00141-00040873-00041043 number of companies that have done well
dFY5gy-n3oE-00142-00041044-00041352 this year so Red Hat the biggest-ever
dFY5gy-n3oE-00143-00041353-00041781 software transaction mule soft
dFY5gy-n3oE-00144-00041782-00041943 I don't really unfortunately come all
dFY5gy-n3oE-00145-00041944-00042219 open source anymore I think they moved
dFY5gy-n3oE-00146-00042220-00042416 away from that route but they are still
dFY5gy-n3oE-00147-00042417-00042663 considered open source by some people
dFY5gy-n3oE-00148-00042664-00042840 and obviously a very big transaction
dFY5gy-n3oE-00149-00042841-00043173 five million dollars the merger of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00150-00043174-00043467 Hortonworks in Cloudera worth five
dFY5gy-n3oE-00151-00043468-00043833 billion Hasek or just got a two billion
dFY5gy-n3oE-00152-00043834-00044244 dollar valuation so it's been a massive
dFY5gy-n3oE-00153-00044245-00044484 year for open source and of course we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00154-00044485-00044679 are all asking what's going to happen to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00155-00044680-00045177 red hat under ibm's tenure you know what
dFY5gy-n3oE-00156-00045178-00045435 does it mean you know there's a phrase i
dFY5gy-n3oE-00157-00045436-00045765 worked for IBM for many years and i was
dFY5gy-n3oE-00158-00045766-00045936 involved in the acquisition of some
dFY5gy-n3oE-00159-00045937-00046197 companies i was involved in the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00160-00046198-00046422 acquisition of data power that worked my
dFY5gy-n3oE-00161-00046423-00046662 well i was also involved in a company
dFY5gy-n3oE-00162-00046663-00046803 called cross world's I don't know if any
dFY5gy-n3oE-00163-00046804-00047046 of you remember cross world's not such a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00164-00047047-00047274 good acquisition they got completely
dFY5gy-n3oE-00165-00047275-00047598 smothered by IBM and unfortunately
dFY5gy-n3oE-00166-00047599-00047754 there's a lot of examples of that so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00167-00047755-00048042 we'll see if Red Hat can keep the open
dFY5gy-n3oE-00168-00048043-00048273 source spirit alive within IBM or
dFY5gy-n3oE-00169-00048274-00048555 whether they'll be problems but it's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00170-00048556-00048714 going to be an interesting few years
dFY5gy-n3oE-00171-00048715-00049059 coming ahead for that we have had an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00172-00049060-00049422 amazing year we are now more than 500
dFY5gy-n3oE-00173-00049423-00049767 active subscription customers with
dFY5gy-n3oE-00174-00049768-00050148 thousands more deployments trillions of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00175-00050149-00050487 transactions a year and millions of open
dFY5gy-n3oE-00176-00050488-00050694 source contributions over our lifetime
dFY5gy-n3oE-00177-00050695-00051147 of happening and we are growing around
dFY5gy-n3oE-00178-00051148-00051425 50 to 60 percent on our core measure
dFY5gy-n3oE-00179-00051426-00051620 which is the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00180-00051621-00051827 annual recurring revenue so we're very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00181-00051828-00052064 very pleased it's been a great year for
dFY5gy-n3oE-00182-00052065-00052280 us and it's been a great year for our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00183-00052281-00052451 customers we've had some amazing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00184-00052452-00052785 projects come out and and we're very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00185-00052786-00053132 proud that we now consider ourselves a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00186-00053133-00053432 truly global company we had more
dFY5gy-n3oE-00187-00053433-00053634 business this year from outside of the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00188-00053635-00053910 US than from inside the US so we are a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00189-00053911-00054242 US company but this was the first year
dFY5gy-n3oE-00190-00054243-00054549 where we beat the US with all the other
dFY5gy-n3oE-00191-00054550-00054761 countries so we're very happy so I think
dFY5gy-n3oE-00192-00054762-00055412 a big round of applause you know so in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00193-00055413-00055647 Latin America we have of obviously a lot
dFY5gy-n3oE-00194-00055648-00055787 of projects here in Brazil we have
dFY5gy-n3oE-00195-00055788-00056281 projects in Ecuador Argentina Peru Chile
dFY5gy-n3oE-00196-00056282-00056591 the list goes on and and we're very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00197-00056592-00056807 proud of that and and what the team here
dFY5gy-n3oE-00198-00056808-00057165 have done so you know Edgar Luiza Laura
dFY5gy-n3oE-00199-00057166-00057372 all of you guys are doing an amazing job
dFY5gy-n3oE-00200-00057373-00057834 here so very good and you know what is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00201-00057835-00058179 driving this this shift in integration
dFY5gy-n3oE-00202-00058179-00058562 and in in api's and everything that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00203-00058563-00058811 there's this customer demand and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00204-00058812-00059115 customer demand has created this push
dFY5gy-n3oE-00205-00059116-00059480 for large companies to meet bigger and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00206-00059481-00059685 bigger systems and to be more and more
dFY5gy-n3oE-00207-00059686-00060024 agile and that customer demand has been
dFY5gy-n3oE-00208-00060025-00060471 followed very clearly by one significant
dFY5gy-n3oE-00209-00060472-00060707 thing which is the disaggregation of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00210-00060708-00060998 systems the splitting out of systems
dFY5gy-n3oE-00211-00060999-00061365 into smaller and smaller components but
dFY5gy-n3oE-00212-00061366-00061536 we were talking at lunch about mainframe
dFY5gy-n3oE-00213-00061537-00061836 so who's who has used a mainframe right
dFY5gy-n3oE-00214-00061837-00062144 yes who here has used a client-server
dFY5gy-n3oE-00215-00062145-00062666 system who here has built an API whose
dFY5gy-n3oE-00216-00062667-00063009 use serverless systems so we all know
dFY5gy-n3oE-00217-00063010-00063206 this story right this is a story that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00218-00063207-00063446 has happened over five decades of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00219-00063447-00063692 increasingly disaggregating these
dFY5gy-n3oE-00220-00063693-00064046 components and this disaggregation is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00221-00064047-00064311 actually making integration more and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00222-00064312-00064556 more important I think there was a few
dFY5gy-n3oE-00223-00064557-00064751 you know situation maybe two or three
dFY5gy-n3oE-00224-00064752-00065026 years ago where integration seemed
dFY5gy-n3oE-00225-00065027-00065194 a little bit boring you know everyone's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00226-00065195-00065575 into DevOps cloud native or the cool
dFY5gy-n3oE-00227-00065576-00065752 stuff all the cool kids were no longer
dFY5gy-n3oE-00228-00065753-00066172 doing integration right and and but
dFY5gy-n3oE-00229-00066173-00066475 actually the desire for integration is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00230-00066476-00066709 more and more important because each of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00231-00066710-00066985 these components needs to be integrated
dFY5gy-n3oE-00232-00066986-00067330 when we build applications today we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00233-00067331-00067525 build them by connecting other
dFY5gy-n3oE-00234-00067526-00067831 components together not just by building
dFY5gy-n3oE-00235-00067832-00068107 a single monolithic system so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00236-00068108-00068352 integration is is really important and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00237-00068353-00068680 most of that integration is happening
dFY5gy-n3oE-00238-00068681-00069120 through api's so Wells Fargo are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00239-00069121-00069448 creating digital applications that help
dFY5gy-n3oE-00240-00069449-00069694 people integrate their financial systems
dFY5gy-n3oE-00241-00069695-00070270 into their everyday lives in London
dFY5gy-n3oE-00242-00070271-00070579 Transport for London is creating a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00243-00070580-00071011 digital first approach to linking up the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00244-00071012-00071278 underground the bus network all the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00245-00071279-00071362 roadworks
dFY5gy-n3oE-00246-00071363-00071581 everything that happens in London to get
dFY5gy-n3oE-00247-00071582-00071905 people around the city faster maybe we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00248-00071906-00072148 could help sell Paolo were the same
dFY5gy-n3oE-00249-00072149-00072346 thing I think you have some traffic
dFY5gy-n3oE-00250-00072347-00072613 problems maybe you could have some help
dFY5gy-n3oE-00251-00072614-00073003 with and this is all based on api's and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00252-00073004-00073348 integration the English tax authority
dFY5gy-n3oE-00253-00073349-00073633 Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00254-00073634-00074122 using wso to to expose api's to make it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00255-00074123-00074395 simpler for people to automate their tax
dFY5gy-n3oE-00256-00074396-00074653 that returns and to automatically pay
dFY5gy-n3oE-00257-00074654-00074998 taxes that may not be popular but it's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00258-00074999-00075405 useful and the Bank of New York Mellon
dFY5gy-n3oE-00259-00075406-00075769 has created a system that they that they
dFY5gy-n3oE-00260-00075770-00076018 use but they also sell on to their
dFY5gy-n3oE-00261-00076019-00076375 partners it's called Nexen and it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00262-00076376-00076564 fundamentally drives their whole
dFY5gy-n3oE-00263-00076565-00076900 business and the flow of money across
dFY5gy-n3oE-00264-00076901-00077191 10,000 credit unions across America all
dFY5gy-n3oE-00265-00077192-00077494 based on API is an all based on W so to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00266-00077495-00077853 integration we have a very large
dFY5gy-n3oE-00267-00077854-00078148 Australian airline I can't mention them
dFY5gy-n3oE-00268-00078149-00078363 but they are very large
dFY5gy-n3oE-00269-00078364-00078626 they are Australian so I'm sure you can
dFY5gy-n3oE-00270-00078627-00080040 figure out with hone in on in a minute
dFY5gy-n3oE-00271-00080041-00080424 and this is a quote from Randy Hefner
dFY5gy-n3oE-00272-00080425-00080716 which is that I think is really key he's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00273-00080717-00080979 saying that api's create agility that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00274-00080980-00081423 that allows you to continually adapt to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00275-00081424-00081834 an unknown future of constant change so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00276-00081835-00082068 everything is going to change we know
dFY5gy-n3oE-00277-00082069-00082329 that and one way of dealing with that is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00278-00082330-00082557 to build api's that allow you to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00279-00082558-00083148 recombine reconfigure and transfer and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00280-00083149-00083434 that is something that Gartner also
dFY5gy-n3oE-00281-00083435-00083787 agrees with so they say that 50% of all
dFY5gy-n3oE-00282-00083788-00084011 the time it takes to do digital digital
dFY5gy-n3oE-00283-00084012-00084581 transformation is spent on integration
dFY5gy-n3oE-00284-00084582-00084867 every digital transformation project I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00285-00084868-00085218 have been involved in involves api's but
dFY5gy-n3oE-00286-00085219-00085406 those api's are fundamentally
dFY5gy-n3oE-00287-00085407-00085692 integrating two back-end systems and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00288-00085693-00086079 linking new and old systems and this is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00289-00086080-00086450 a really key aspect that integration is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00290-00086451-00086775 suddenly one of the most important
dFY5gy-n3oE-00291-00086776-00087063 things there is and it's very very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00292-00087064-00087201 important to all the kind of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00293-00087202-00087417 transformation that's happening and that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00294-00087418-00087634 you guys are involved in on a day to day
dFY5gy-n3oE-00295-00087635-00087715 basis
dFY5gy-n3oE-00296-00087716-00088125 and we are see increasingly seeing our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00297-00088126-00088425 customers start their integration with
dFY5gy-n3oE-00298-00088426-00088794 an API strategic view and I think this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00299-00088795-00088936 is really sensible and I'm going to talk
dFY5gy-n3oE-00300-00088937-00089161 more about some of the some of the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00301-00089162-00089466 science and some of the the Anthropology
dFY5gy-n3oE-00302-00089467-00089686 the biology some of the metaphors that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00303-00089687-00089838 help us understand why this is so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00304-00089839-00090391 important but the API management I think
dFY5gy-n3oE-00305-00090392-00090903 provides one of the solutions that we we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00306-00090904-00091246 fail that with our SOA approach so I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00307-00091247-00091503 think in SOA we made mistakes and I'm
dFY5gy-n3oE-00308-00091504-00091684 willing to admit those mistakes I've
dFY5gy-n3oE-00309-00091685-00091743 been involved
dFY5gy-n3oE-00310-00091744-00092053 in service-oriented architecture for a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00311-00092054-00092441 very long time nearly 20 years now and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00312-00092442-00092778 that that time has given me time to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00313-00092779-00093024 reflect on the mistakes we made and I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00314-00093025-00093305 think the mistakes we made were about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00315-00093306-00093784 human nature when we tried to fit the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00316-00093785-00094011 human nature of our teams inside large
dFY5gy-n3oE-00317-00094012-00094396 organizations to the technology instead
dFY5gy-n3oE-00318-00094397-00094668 of fitting the technology to the human
dFY5gy-n3oE-00319-00094669-00095069 nature you know it's easy to write code
dFY5gy-n3oE-00320-00095070-00095409 changing people's human nature and the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00321-00095410-00095628 way we have evolved over a million years
dFY5gy-n3oE-00322-00095629-00095982 that's difficult right so it's better to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00323-00095983-00096192 change the technology than assume that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00324-00096193-00096348 the people are going to adapt to the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00325-00096349-00096865 technology and so we believe that that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00326-00096866-00097471 that human aspect the people the process
dFY5gy-n3oE-00327-00097472-00097765 and the technology are just as important
dFY5gy-n3oE-00328-00097766-00098028 as each other and so over the last year
dFY5gy-n3oE-00329-00098029-00098541 we have added to our core technology the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00330-00098542-00098809 idea that we also have a methodology and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00331-00098810-00099078 an architecture and the architecture and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00332-00099079-00099468 methodology go hand in hand to help push
dFY5gy-n3oE-00333-00099469-00099786 the technology and make it successful so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00334-00099787-00100107 this is a big shift for wso too we have
dFY5gy-n3oE-00335-00100108-00100452 been known for for for nearly 14 years
dFY5gy-n3oE-00336-00100453-00100846 for having leading-edge technology but I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00337-00100847-00101040 think sometimes we've been known as
dFY5gy-n3oE-00338-00101041-00101481 being too geeky too technical and we are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00339-00101482-00101772 trying to not not stop being geeky but
dFY5gy-n3oE-00340-00101773-00102123 also understand how this technology fits
dFY5gy-n3oE-00341-00102124-00102360 into our into organizations into
dFY5gy-n3oE-00342-00102361-00102678 enterprises how the architecture how the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00343-00102679-00102960 methodology the agility all come
dFY5gy-n3oE-00344-00102961-00103273 together to be more successful and I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00345-00103274-00103544 think that's a really good move
dFY5gy-n3oE-00346-00103545-00103908 we just got named a leader by Forrester
dFY5gy-n3oE-00347-00103909-00104517 in their API analysis and the only other
dFY5gy-n3oE-00348-00104518-00104932 leaders were IBM Google software AG and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00349-00104933-00105127 rogue wave as you can see wrote
dFY5gy-n3oE-00350-00105128-00105607 wave is a very small dot there and it's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00351-00105608-00105868 really nice to be up there I I don't
dFY5gy-n3oE-00352-00105869-00106153 agree with our position I had a lot of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00353-00106154-00106546 arguments with Randy Hefner about the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00354-00106547-00106954 technology because we solve a lot of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00355-00106955-00107113 problems through our multi-tenancy
dFY5gy-n3oE-00356-00107114-00107419 framework so the multi-tenancy allows us
dFY5gy-n3oE-00357-00107420-00107685 to do a lot of very clever things that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00358-00107686-00108022 our other competitors cannot do so the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00359-00108023-00108301 API marketplaces that are being built
dFY5gy-n3oE-00360-00108302-00108580 with our system the federated view of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00361-00108581-00108964 api's is something that Apogee an IBM
dFY5gy-n3oE-00362-00108965-00109282 cannot do but you know that's one
dFY5gy-n3oE-00363-00109283-00109678 person's view Gartner also had us as the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00364-00109679-00110065 most high ranked innovator in their
dFY5gy-n3oE-00365-00110066-00110283 space in their innovation space in their
dFY5gy-n3oE-00366-00110284-00110530 quadrant so I think we're doing very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00367-00110531-00110779 well in this space we know we can do
dFY5gy-n3oE-00368-00110780-00111028 better we know we can do even more
dFY5gy-n3oE-00369-00111029-00111333 around api's around enterprise
dFY5gy-n3oE-00370-00111334-00111769 architecture we believe that there are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00371-00111770-00112203 seven different fundamental uses of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00372-00112204-00112567 integration so these seven fundamental
dFY5gy-n3oE-00373-00112568-00112789 ways of doing integration drive
dFY5gy-n3oE-00374-00112790-00113170 different challenges and we are not a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00375-00113171-00113476 leader in all of these today we want to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00376-00113477-00113665 be a leader in all of these we see this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00377-00113666-00113794 as absolutely vital
dFY5gy-n3oE-00378-00113795-00114238 so API management we are the open source
dFY5gy-n3oE-00379-00114239-00114628 leader by a long way application
dFY5gy-n3oE-00380-00114629-00115018 integration we are the world's number
dFY5gy-n3oE-00381-00115019-00115410 one open source company but there is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00382-00115411-00115641 still more we can do in this space
dFY5gy-n3oE-00383-00115642-00115969 b2b integration is a space we have not
dFY5gy-n3oE-00384-00115970-00116248 really dealt with but we have a partner
dFY5gy-n3oE-00385-00116249-00116527 who is very strong in this space and we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00386-00116528-00116740 are looking at how it can work more
dFY5gy-n3oE-00387-00116741-00117124 closely with them to support EDI JD
dFY5gy-n3oE-00388-00117125-00117369 Edwards and that kind of integration
dFY5gy-n3oE-00389-00117370-00117820 data integration is a space where where
dFY5gy-n3oE-00390-00117821-00118126 talent and informatica have really been
dFY5gy-n3oE-00391-00118127-00118528 the leader we believe that there is a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00392-00118529-00118870 more agility to be had in that space we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00393-00118871-00119251 think that there is a new wave of data
dFY5gy-n3oE-00394-00119252-00119433 integration that is going to be much
dFY5gy-n3oE-00395-00119434-00119614 more agile especially in a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00396-00119615-00119899 micro-services environment where data is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00397-00119900-00120163 no longer in in a single system of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00398-00120164-00120475 record but is spread out and we are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00399-00120476-00120727 doing more and more to challenge that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00400-00120728-00120940 especially with stream processing and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00401-00120941-00121308 event-driven architectures the digital
dFY5gy-n3oE-00402-00121309-00121685 integration hub is where people use
dFY5gy-n3oE-00403-00121686-00122017 api's and an integration hub like an ESB
dFY5gy-n3oE-00404-00122018-00122488 together to build a single central hub
dFY5gy-n3oE-00405-00122489-00122811 frame for digital transformation this is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00406-00122813-00123028 where most of our new customers are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00407-00123029-00123411 coming so more than 50% of our new
dFY5gy-n3oE-00408-00123413-00123706 customers today are using api's with the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00409-00123707-00124107 ESB to do digital transformation event
dFY5gy-n3oE-00410-00124108-00124546 streaming is a space well where we are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00411-00124547-00124777 still small but we have leading
dFY5gy-n3oE-00412-00124778-00125170 technology our event processor the wso
dFY5gy-n3oE-00413-00125171-00125653 to stream processor can do 100,000
dFY5gy-n3oE-00414-00125654-00126022 events a second highly available in a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00415-00126023-00126400 simple two node cluster everybody else
dFY5gy-n3oE-00416-00126401-00126703 requires you to have at least six to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00417-00126704-00126885 eight nodes to handle more than a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00418-00126886-00127189 hundred thousand events a second we have
dFY5gy-n3oE-00419-00127190-00127560 and we have scenarios where uber
dFY5gy-n3oE-00420-00127561-00127813 deployed this and we're doing a million
dFY5gy-n3oE-00421-00127814-00128016 events a second
dFY5gy-n3oE-00422-00128017-00128529 trillions a day we also have an hour IOT
dFY5gy-n3oE-00423-00128530-00129049 solution the IOT solution we decided was
dFY5gy-n3oE-00424-00129050-00129445 a tricky fit with the rest of our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00425-00129446-00129673 products and so the leader
dFY5gy-n3oE-00426-00129674-00130123 Sumida who ran that within wso - has set
dFY5gy-n3oE-00427-00130124-00130402 up a new company that is licensing the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00428-00130403-00130635 software from us and is going to lead
dFY5gy-n3oE-00429-00130636-00130879 just in that space and we are going to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00430-00130880-00131101 work very closely with integral on that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00431-00131102-00131503 so we see this as letting a new company
dFY5gy-n3oE-00432-00131504-00131887 form the entrepreneurial spirit of wh
dFY5gy-n3oE-00433-00131888-00132184 to creating something new and we're very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00434-00132185-00132661 excited about that as well so these are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00435-00132662-00132898 all the things that are good but not
dFY5gy-n3oE-00436-00132899-00133237 everything is good right not everything
dFY5gy-n3oE-00437-00133238-00133639 is perfect and and I want to I want to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00438-00133640-00133825 be a little bit humble here and admit
dFY5gy-n3oE-00439-00133826-00134190 where maybe we got things wrong a bit so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00440-00134191-00134544 this agile report from earlier this year
dFY5gy-n3oE-00441-00134545-00135007 says that 60% of organizations are doing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00442-00135008-00135544 agile projects but only 4% are seeing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00443-00135545-00135889 agility at the enterprise level only
dFY5gy-n3oE-00444-00135890-00136171 four percent say that they see agility
dFY5gy-n3oE-00445-00136172-00136450 at them at the at the front edge with
dFY5gy-n3oE-00446-00136451-00136795 between them and the customer now why is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00447-00136796-00136899 that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00448-00136900-00137215 well let me start this discussion with a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00449-00137216-00137485 quote from a physicist which says that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00450-00137486-00137710 an expert is a man who has made all the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00451-00137711-00137968 mistakes that can be made in his field
dFY5gy-n3oE-00452-00137969-00138325 and I feel like that man I feel like
dFY5gy-n3oE-00453-00138326-00138535 I've done every possible mistake that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00454-00138536-00138664 could be made in service-oriented
dFY5gy-n3oE-00455-00138665-00139003 architecture and one of those mistakes
dFY5gy-n3oE-00456-00139004-00139342 is that I think that integration is the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00457-00139343-00139675 bottleneck at least one part of that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00458-00139676-00140116 bottleneck between between the 59 and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00459-00140117-00140668 the 4% because it's individual projects
dFY5gy-n3oE-00460-00140669-00140968 are agile but when you want to be agile
dFY5gy-n3oE-00461-00140969-00141181 as an organization you have to be agile
dFY5gy-n3oE-00462-00141182-00141535 across projects you have to be agile in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00463-00141536-00141856 your integration and unfortunately not
dFY5gy-n3oE-00464-00141857-00142303 all integration has been agile so one of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00465-00142304-00142561 the biggest problems in enterprise
dFY5gy-n3oE-00466-00142562-00142921 integration for agility is this thing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00467-00142922-00143346 called a center of excellence a CEO II I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00468-00143347-00143689 had a very embarrassing discussion where
dFY5gy-n3oE-00469-00143690-00143965 I was invited to talk to one of our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00470-00143966-00144376 customers they had organized a day and I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00471-00144377-00144595 came and I gave my talk about why the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00472-00144596-00144931 CRE is bad and the day was organized by
dFY5gy-n3oE-00473-00144932-00145072 their center of excellence
dFY5gy-n3oE-00474-00145073-00145365 integration and the leader of that the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00475-00145366-00145597 team had invited me and I gave a talk
dFY5gy-n3oE-00476-00145598-00145801 saying I'm sorry your organization is a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00477-00145802-00146121 problem she wasn't very happy with me
dFY5gy-n3oE-00478-00146122-00146389 but she understood what I was saying
dFY5gy-n3oE-00479-00146390-00146671 which is that when you have an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00480-00146672-00146932 integration team that is centralized and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00481-00146933-00147112 a data team that centralized in a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00482-00147113-00147340 messaging team that centralized and a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00483-00147341-00147514 security that team that centralized
dFY5gy-n3oE-00484-00147515-00147990 every time you talk to that team you're
dFY5gy-n3oE-00485-00147991-00148375 creating a new gate so even if your
dFY5gy-n3oE-00486-00148376-00148632 overall process is aiming to be agile in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00487-00148633-00148953 fact those gates turn it into a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00488-00148954-00149265 waterfall process you could call this a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00489-00149266-00149638 fast waterfall I don't know if this will
dFY5gy-n3oE-00490-00149639-00149943 translate into brazilian but i have a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00491-00149944-00150211 customer who told tells me they call
dFY5gy-n3oE-00492-00150212-00150574 this watch isle which is a mixture of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00493-00150575-00151207 waterfall and agile agile and this is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00494-00151208-00151362 really what i'm saying about our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00495-00151363-00151594 realization that we need to focus as
dFY5gy-n3oE-00496-00151595-00151791 much on people and processes as
dFY5gy-n3oE-00497-00151792-00152178 technology we spent a lot of effort
dFY5gy-n3oE-00498-00152179-00152577 inside SS o2 on trying to make our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00499-00152578-00153264 technology support agile so the ESB has
dFY5gy-n3oE-00500-00153265-00153502 multi-tenancy it has independent
dFY5gy-n3oE-00501-00153503-00153997 deployment of inflows so the idea is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00502-00153998-00154183 that different teams could be deploying
dFY5gy-n3oE-00503-00154184-00154456 their code with different life cycles
dFY5gy-n3oE-00504-00154457-00154803 but unfortunately the co II model
dFY5gy-n3oE-00505-00154804-00155178 stopped that from working so so we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00506-00155179-00155353 didn't think enough about the people in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00507-00155354-00155557 process and so even though the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00508-00155558-00155851 technology supported agile the people
dFY5gy-n3oE-00509-00155852-00156211 and process didn't so the agile
dFY5gy-n3oE-00510-00156212-00156378 manifesto says some really interesting
dFY5gy-n3oE-00511-00156379-00156606 things it says that the best
dFY5gy-n3oE-00512-00156607-00156843 architectures requirements and designs
dFY5gy-n3oE-00513-00156844-00157329 emerge from self-organizing teams it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00514-00157330-00157686 says that agile processes may promote
dFY5gy-n3oE-00515-00157687-00157898 sustainable development
dFY5gy-n3oE-00516-00157899-00158179 and this says that if you deliver
dFY5gy-n3oE-00517-00158180-00158462 working software frequently that the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00518-00158463-00158651 time scale is more important than the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00519-00158652-00158981 function it's better to deliver on it on
dFY5gy-n3oE-00520-00158982-00159209 a fixed time frame than to wait until
dFY5gy-n3oE-00521-00159210-00159620 it's perfect and the one thing I really
dFY5gy-n3oE-00522-00159621-00159776 like about this is this idea of a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00523-00159777-00160145 self-organizing team now this is what is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00524-00160146-00160352 a self-organizing team a self-organizing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00525-00160353-00160664 team is one that does not have a command
dFY5gy-n3oE-00526-00160665-00160909 and control structure it's not
dFY5gy-n3oE-00527-00160910-00161366 hierarchical the team itself works to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00528-00161367-00161675 figure out the deadlines the schedules
dFY5gy-n3oE-00529-00161676-00162004 the technology does everybody know what
dFY5gy-n3oE-00530-00162005-00162416 I mean by a to pizza team this is Jeff
dFY5gy-n3oE-00531-00162417-00162560 Bezos his idea
dFY5gy-n3oE-00532-00162561-00162926 so to pizza team is a team that can be
dFY5gy-n3oE-00533-00162927-00163268 fed by two pizzas now this is an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00534-00163269-00163643 American pizza right it's a big pizza so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00535-00163644-00163856 it's not in England the two pizza team
dFY5gy-n3oE-00536-00163857-00164177 is just two people it's not oh it's not
dFY5gy-n3oE-00537-00164178-00164479 really team it's just a marriage right
dFY5gy-n3oE-00538-00164480-00164738 but I don't know what's the equivalent
dFY5gy-n3oE-00539-00164739-00165215 in Brazil of pizzas so pizzas okay all
dFY5gy-n3oE-00540-00165216-00165674 right so this is where I want to talk
dFY5gy-n3oE-00541-00165675-00166093 about biology so in biology the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00542-00166094-00166406 fundamental building block of every
dFY5gy-n3oE-00543-00166407-00166745 organism every plant every animal is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00544-00166746-00167191 this thing called a cell and a cell is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00545-00167192-00167519 really what stops us from being a pile
dFY5gy-n3oE-00546-00167520-00167996 of goo on the floor right a cell is what
dFY5gy-n3oE-00547-00167997-00168344 gives structure to every living thing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00548-00168345-00168688 and this is an important thing because
dFY5gy-n3oE-00549-00168689-00169099 we need to learn how to give a structure
dFY5gy-n3oE-00550-00169100-00169571 to our to our computing systems to our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00551-00169572-00169814 enterprise computing systems that is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00552-00169815-00170138 adaptable that is effective that that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00553-00170139-00170327 takes on some of the characteristics of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00554-00170328-00170603 biological systems and this is a picture
dFY5gy-n3oE-00555-00170604-00170929 of cells and what do you notice when you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00556-00170930-00171124 look at those picture of cells you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00557-00171125-00171265 notice the bow
dFY5gy-n3oE-00558-00171266-00171598 boundaries the boundaries of cells are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00559-00171599-00171784 made up by something called a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00560-00171785-00172196 cytoskeleton and it is a it is it is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00561-00172197-00172508 what separates out the cell into a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00562-00172509-00172871 useful system the point of a cell is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00563-00172872-00173072 that it has functions that happen within
dFY5gy-n3oE-00564-00173073-00173365 the cell and then it has communication
dFY5gy-n3oE-00565-00173366-00173621 with the rest of the organism
dFY5gy-n3oE-00566-00173622-00173945 via that cell boundary and that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00567-00173946-00174223 communication happens through something
dFY5gy-n3oE-00568-00174224-00174521 called a transmembrane receptor and a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00569-00174522-00174841 transmembrane signal so the cell
dFY5gy-n3oE-00570-00174842-00175159 boundary only reacts to certain
dFY5gy-n3oE-00571-00175160-00175579 chemicals all the other chemicals wash
dFY5gy-n3oE-00572-00175580-00175909 past it and it doesn't react and then
dFY5gy-n3oE-00573-00175910-00176120 certain chemicals react with it and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00574-00176121-00176404 signal through the cell boundary and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00575-00176405-00176566 cause something to happen on the inside
dFY5gy-n3oE-00576-00176567-00177001 of the cell this is very like an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00577-00177002-00177197 event-driven architecture an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00578-00177198-00177427 event-driven architecture you have a big
dFY5gy-n3oE-00579-00177428-00177734 boss and certain people react to certain
dFY5gy-n3oE-00580-00177735-00177987 messages and everybody else ignores them
dFY5gy-n3oE-00581-00177988-00178279 this is actually how double so2 works we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00582-00178280-00178513 have crazy email mailing lists that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00583-00178514-00178733 everybody hates it's it's gone
dFY5gy-n3oE-00584-00178734-00179009 absolutely mental but the point of the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00585-00179010-00179282 mailing lists is that everybody sees all
dFY5gy-n3oE-00586-00179283-00179476 the signals and certain people react to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00587-00179477-00180034 them it's it's like this and the idea
dFY5gy-n3oE-00588-00180035-00180271 that we have is that we need to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00589-00180272-00180676 recompose we need to break down this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00590-00180677-00181003 layered architecture and recompose it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00591-00181004-00181363 into a cellular architecture and each
dFY5gy-n3oE-00592-00181364-00181651 cell has a certain set of function and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00593-00181652-00181895 within the cell you can communicate
dFY5gy-n3oE-00594-00181896-00182195 anywhere you like you can have your own
dFY5gy-n3oE-00595-00182196-00182488 data plane your own control plane but
dFY5gy-n3oE-00596-00182489-00182853 across the cells there is constrained
dFY5gy-n3oE-00597-00182854-00183211 information those of you who know double
dFY5gy-n3oE-00598-00183212-00183559 so2 for many years will notice that this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00599-00183560-00184023 is very like OSGi OSGi hides
dFY5gy-n3oE-00600-00184024-00184295 capabilities as much as it exposes them
dFY5gy-n3oE-00601-00184296-00184488 that is one of the most
dFY5gy-n3oE-00602-00184489-00184722 on things about OSGi is the ability to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00603-00184723-00185051 hide the internals of a server module
dFY5gy-n3oE-00604-00185052-00185376 from the rest of the world and that is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00605-00185377-00185568 what gives you composability
dFY5gy-n3oE-00606-00185569-00185877 composability is more about hiding than
dFY5gy-n3oE-00607-00185878-00186213 exposing composability is more about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00608-00186214-00186615 that membrane that cell boundary then
dFY5gy-n3oE-00609-00186616-00186895 about the the interface that trigger
dFY5gy-n3oE-00610-00186896-00187144 signals the signals are important but
dFY5gy-n3oE-00611-00187145-00187432 the hiding is really important and this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00612-00187433-00187713 is also what I mean when I say that we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00613-00187714-00188138 got the the SOA wrong we assumed that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00614-00188139-00188499 everyone inside a large organization was
dFY5gy-n3oE-00615-00188500-00188968 one happy team one big team that were
dFY5gy-n3oE-00616-00188969-00189291 all gonna collaborate nicely to solve
dFY5gy-n3oE-00617-00189292-00189624 the enterprise's problems and I don't
dFY5gy-n3oE-00618-00189625-00190057 want to sound cynical I'm sounding
dFY5gy-n3oE-00619-00190058-00190323 cynical anti Joe is looking at me saying
dFY5gy-n3oE-00620-00190324-00190812 you cynical so-and-so you know what
dFY5gy-n3oE-00621-00190813-00191020 we're all one happy team you know we're
dFY5gy-n3oE-00622-00191021-00191250 all wish but the reality is that teams
dFY5gy-n3oE-00623-00191251-00191731 work well in small groups there is a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00624-00191732-00192066 maths behind this if you have a team of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00625-00192067-00192503 ten people there are forty-five
dFY5gy-n3oE-00626-00192504-00192832 connections between those ten people if
dFY5gy-n3oE-00627-00192833-00193161 you have a team of 20 people there are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00628-00193162-00193374 four times as many there are hundred and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00629-00193375-00193669 eighty connections so there is something
dFY5gy-n3oE-00630-00193670-00194040 called relational loss that happens in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00631-00194041-00194234 large teams which is people get stressed
dFY5gy-n3oE-00632-00194235-00194697 they don't know the other people so we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00633-00194698-00194944 were trying to assume something about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00634-00194945-00195291 how teams work that if we had talked to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00635-00195292-00195648 an anthropologist or a sociologist about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00636-00195649-00195821 SOA they would have said you're crazy
dFY5gy-n3oE-00637-00195822-00196236 that's not how people work people work
dFY5gy-n3oE-00638-00196237-00196584 well in small groups and so those small
dFY5gy-n3oE-00639-00196585-00196814 groups need to have boundaries and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00640-00196815-00197286 that's the point of a cell so we believe
dFY5gy-n3oE-00641-00197287-00197574 that there is a a this is a picture that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00642-00197575-00197794 comes from a paper that one of my team
dFY5gy-n3oE-00643-00197795-00197854 Assange
dFY5gy-n3oE-00644-00197855-00198301 has written and it charts the evolution
dFY5gy-n3oE-00645-00198302-00198663 of Enterprise Architecture from silos
dFY5gy-n3oE-00646-00198664-00199031 through an ESB structure to an API
dFY5gy-n3oE-00647-00199032-00199366 structure into a cell based architecture
dFY5gy-n3oE-00648-00199367-00199689 where we have continuous agility and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00649-00199690-00200026 self-organizing teams and I highly
dFY5gy-n3oE-00650-00200027-00200353 suggest you read this paper it is on
dFY5gy-n3oE-00651-00200354-00200759 github if you think it's wrong we want
dFY5gy-n3oE-00652-00200760-00201091 your input so please submit a pull
dFY5gy-n3oE-00653-00201092-00201366 request if you think it can be improved
dFY5gy-n3oE-00654-00201367-00201632 we're getting very good feedback on this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00655-00201633-00201898 but we're also getting very good debate
dFY5gy-n3oE-00656-00201899-00202153 we have a big argument about whether
dFY5gy-n3oE-00657-00202154-00202457 cells are mutable or immutable if you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00658-00202458-00202658 want to join that argument please come
dFY5gy-n3oE-00659-00202659-00203148 and join the github issues so cells are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00660-00203149-00203398 building blocks and the point of a cell
dFY5gy-n3oE-00661-00203399-00203723 is it has a gateway now typically that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00662-00203724-00204013 gateway is a micro gateway an API micro
dFY5gy-n3oE-00663-00204014-00204568 gateway and the API micro gateway
dFY5gy-n3oE-00664-00204569-00204889 protects both the ingress and the egress
dFY5gy-n3oE-00665-00204890-00205231 from the cell so it gives a boundary and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00666-00205232-00205544 that means that the team working within
dFY5gy-n3oE-00667-00205544-00205837 the cell can be as agile as they like
dFY5gy-n3oE-00668-00205838-00206246 because they just have to to agree to a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00669-00206246-00206617 contract the contract not only that they
dFY5gy-n3oE-00670-00206619-00206804 are providing but also that they are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00671-00206805-00207064 using and as long as that contract
dFY5gy-n3oE-00672-00207065-00207398 remains the same they can change from
dFY5gy-n3oE-00673-00207398-00207813 rabbit to Kafka they can switch from
dFY5gy-n3oE-00674-00207814-00208202 HTTP to G RPC they can switch from my
dFY5gy-n3oE-00675-00208203-00208580 sequel to Cassandra or as long as
dFY5gy-n3oE-00676-00208581-00208933 they maintain that that boundary they
dFY5gy-n3oE-00677-00208934-00209287 can re reformat the internals of the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00678-00209288-00209552 cell as much as they like and that gives
dFY5gy-n3oE-00679-00209553-00209896 a boundary and that gives agility so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00680-00209898-00210125 that's the important point of this but
dFY5gy-n3oE-00681-00210126-00210310 the point of a cell is it's not just an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00682-00210311-00210688 architectural construct it's also an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00683-00210689-00211008 organizational construct so the team
dFY5gy-n3oE-00684-00211009-00211194 boundary has to be this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00685-00211194-00211460 boundary this has to be based on teams
dFY5gy-n3oE-00686-00211461-00211773 and it's also a DevOps construct this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00687-00211773-00211989 also has to be something that has a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00688-00211990-00212342 DevOps process around it so this is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00689-00212344-00212646 about people process and technology and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00690-00212646-00213231 we are evolving our stack to help this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00691-00213232-00213462 so I'm going to talk to you in a minute
dFY5gy-n3oE-00692-00213463-00213756 about ballerina but as well as ballerina
dFY5gy-n3oE-00693-00213757-00214098 we are also doing other things that help
dFY5gy-n3oE-00694-00214098-00214484 with this decentralized architecture we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00695-00214485-00214746 are building we have shipped as of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00696-00214746-00214971 earlier this year a micro version of our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00697-00214971-00215306 ESB that lets you build docker ice
dFY5gy-n3oE-00698-00215307-00215754 container eyes small ESB nodes that just
dFY5gy-n3oE-00699-00215755-00216066 have certain function we have a micro
dFY5gy-n3oE-00700-00216067-00216351 gateway that we launched last year and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00701-00216352-00216615 then we evolved twice this year that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00702-00216616-00216996 allows you to create those boundaries we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00703-00216996-00217381 are working on a micro identity server a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00704-00217382-00218006 micro SSTs to give a secure token
dFY5gy-n3oE-00705-00218007-00218517 service for the for the cell we already
dFY5gy-n3oE-00706-00218517-00218829 have a version of CIDI that can be used
dFY5gy-n3oE-00707-00218830-00219071 in containerized and micro environments
dFY5gy-n3oE-00708-00219073-00219448 and we have a new project called celery
dFY5gy-n3oE-00709-00219450-00219692 that some of you may have spotted
dFY5gy-n3oE-00710-00219694-00219813 something called Vic
dFY5gy-n3oE-00711-00219814-00220082 you know github celery and Vic are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00712-00220083-00220476 related celery is an attempt to turn the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00713-00220477-00220740 cell concept into a piece of running
dFY5gy-n3oE-00714-00220741-00221055 technology that pulls together these
dFY5gy-n3oE-00715-00221056-00221466 other components now that does not mean
dFY5gy-n3oE-00716-00221467-00221754 that we do not also see a place for the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00717-00221755-00222039 existing components so we have around
dFY5gy-n3oE-00718-00222040-00222308 250 engineers working on the existing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00719-00222309-00222494 components and around a hundred
dFY5gy-n3oE-00720-00222496-00222702 engineers working on the new components
dFY5gy-n3oE-00721-00222703-00222939 so the existing components are still a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00722-00222940-00223259 very strong part of our story and I will
dFY5gy-n3oE-00723-00223260-00223779 explain why in a second ballerina is a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00724-00223780-00223962 very important part of this story
dFY5gy-n3oE-00725-00223963-00224284 because ballerina is a agile first
dFY5gy-n3oE-00726-00224285-00224481 developer first
dFY5gy-n3oE-00727-00224482-00224901 to integration Ballerina is our is a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00728-00224902-00225279 language that is targeted around DevOps
dFY5gy-n3oE-00729-00225280-00225660 and around developer flow so who's a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00730-00225661-00225924 developer in the room hands up with your
dFY5gy-n3oE-00731-00225925-00226296 developer so as a developer we all
dFY5gy-n3oE-00732-00226297-00226656 understand that there is a cycle we go
dFY5gy-n3oE-00733-00226657-00227058 through you sit a new code you build
dFY5gy-n3oE-00734-00227059-00227440 your code you run it you test it you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00735-00227441-00227641 find the bugs and you go around you fix
dFY5gy-n3oE-00736-00227642-00227856 the bugs you rebuild it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00737-00227857-00228120 you retest it and you get in this cycle
dFY5gy-n3oE-00738-00228121-00228364 right and it's it's a it's actually
dFY5gy-n3oE-00739-00228365-00228624 addictive if you're not a developer you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00740-00228625-00228940 should try this it's great fun so who's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00741-00228941-00229131 who's been there and their wife or
dFY5gy-n3oE-00742-00229132-00229387 girlfriend has said dinner's ready and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00743-00229388-00229692 you've gone I'll just be a minute right
dFY5gy-n3oE-00744-00229694-00229970 I'm just cold I'll just be a minute and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00745-00229971-00230498 an hour later she's like what happened
dFY5gy-n3oE-00746-00230499-00230817 sometimes even you you think you've
dFY5gy-n3oE-00747-00230819-00231021 answered I'll just be a minute instantly
dFY5gy-n3oE-00748-00231022-00231249 and actually it takes you five minutes
dFY5gy-n3oE-00749-00231250-00231507 and you're in a little zone and you say
dFY5gy-n3oE-00750-00231508-00231693 I'll just be a minute five minutes later
dFY5gy-n3oE-00751-00231694-00231984 you don't even answer the question you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00752-00231985-00232178 don't realize where time is and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00753-00232179-00232414 ballerina is trying to bring that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00754-00232415-00232710 experience to integration that is the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00755-00232711-00233034 aim of ballerina where are we with
dFY5gy-n3oE-00756-00233035-00233290 ballerina we did our first real proper
dFY5gy-n3oE-00757-00233291-00233542 launch earlier this year at cube con in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00758-00233542-00233941 Copenhagen we got a lot of interest and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00759-00233942-00234231 excitement we have production customers
dFY5gy-n3oE-00760-00234232-00234528 we have around 10 production customers
dFY5gy-n3oE-00761-00234529-00235012 today I can't really mention any names I
dFY5gy-n3oE-00762-00235013-00235293 can't mention Hewlett Packard I can't
dFY5gy-n3oE-00763-00235294-00235707 mention Motorola but we have people
dFY5gy-n3oE-00764-00235708-00235968 using this now these people are brave
dFY5gy-n3oE-00765-00235969-00236208 I'm not denying in their brief because
dFY5gy-n3oE-00766-00236209-00236507 the language is not yet final
dFY5gy-n3oE-00767-00236508-00237108 so the runtime is stable we do amazing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00768-00237109-00237388 amount of tests before each release we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00769-00237389-00237606 do performance tests we do long-running
dFY5gy-n3oE-00770-00237607-00237858 tests we look for memory
dFY5gy-n3oE-00771-00237859-00238237 so the runtime is very stable but the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00772-00238238-00238513 language is still evolving and probably
dFY5gy-n3oE-00773-00238514-00238752 another six months so we're targeting
dFY5gy-n3oE-00774-00238753-00239350 mid 2019 for a 1o but certain people
dFY5gy-n3oE-00775-00239351-00239730 have seen the productivity of this and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00776-00239731-00240076 they're like I'm fine I'll rewrite my
dFY5gy-n3oE-00777-00240077-00240475 code you know and there's something to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00778-00240476-00240723 be said for that if it takes you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00779-00240723-00241006 one-fifth the amount of time to write
dFY5gy-n3oE-00780-00241007-00241266 your integration than it did before
dFY5gy-n3oE-00781-00241267-00241555 then why don't you just write it now and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00782-00241556-00241819 then rewrite it in six months time it's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00783-00241819-00242085 still only two fifths of what you would
dFY5gy-n3oE-00784-00242086-00242437 have spent doing it the old way so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00785-00242438-00242773 there's some interesting things here now
dFY5gy-n3oE-00786-00242773-00243092 I want to talk also about one more thing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00787-00243094-00243369 which is that when we talk about flow
dFY5gy-n3oE-00788-00243371-00243739 and agility it's very important that we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00789-00243740-00243967 we also think about how we can measure
dFY5gy-n3oE-00790-00243967-00244369 these so this is something called an MTT
dFY5gy-n3oE-00791-00244369-00244782 assay and this is how you measure the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00792-00244783-00245215 health of cells in human in biology the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00793-00245216-00245437 more purple the healthier the cells are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00794-00245438-00245854 and you know there's this famous saying
dFY5gy-n3oE-00795-00245855-00246055 if you can't measure it you can't
dFY5gy-n3oE-00796-00246056-00246346 improve it and I think this is really
dFY5gy-n3oE-00797-00246346-00246469 important so I think it's really
dFY5gy-n3oE-00798-00246469-00246628 important that we start to think about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00799-00246629-00246921 the measures of our agility when we come
dFY5gy-n3oE-00800-00246923-00247255 to integration and api's and probably
dFY5gy-n3oE-00801-00247256-00247627 the most important measure is this thing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00802-00247628-00247939 called flow time flow time is how long
dFY5gy-n3oE-00803-00247940-00248266 it takes me from the business case to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00804-00248267-00248637 the production what we call done done
dFY5gy-n3oE-00805-00248638-00249021 you know it's not done it's done done so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00806-00249023-00249217 that's a phrase we use a lot inside
dFY5gy-n3oE-00807-00249217-00249394 table so to when something's chipping
dFY5gy-n3oE-00808-00249394-00249796 and this flow time is something that's
dFY5gy-n3oE-00809-00249796-00250051 very important to us so do we have any
dFY5gy-n3oE-00810-00250052-00250330 users of one in the room the table so to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00811-00250331-00250744 update manager so not enough it's nice
dFY5gy-n3oE-00812-00250744-00251017 to see a few hands up there so one is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00813-00251017-00251183 very important to us one is our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00814-00251184-00251536 way of delivering updates to you and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00815-00251537-00251803 it's very important for us because it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00816-00251804-00252221 helps us measure and reduce the flow
dFY5gy-n3oE-00817-00252221-00252473 time so in other words if we can get an
dFY5gy-n3oE-00818-00252473-00252809 update to you faster then you can fix
dFY5gy-n3oE-00819-00252810-00253040 your systems better and this is really
dFY5gy-n3oE-00820-00253041-00253301 important so and and it's also important
dFY5gy-n3oE-00821-00253302-00253586 because one fits into the DevOps life
dFY5gy-n3oE-00822-00253587-00253834 cycle much better than our traditional
dFY5gy-n3oE-00823-00253835-00254396 zip file deployment systems we also have
dFY5gy-n3oE-00824-00254396-00254627 done a lot of work to add new delivery
dFY5gy-n3oE-00825-00254628-00254846 systems so if you go to our website now
dFY5gy-n3oE-00826-00254846-00255137 you'll find helm charts kubernetes
dFY5gy-n3oE-00827-00255138-00255521 deployment yeah milles vagrant docker
dFY5gy-n3oE-00828-00255521-00255962 docker compose pivotal Cloud Foundry
dFY5gy-n3oE-00829-00255963-00256280 you'll find a whole variety of new ways
dFY5gy-n3oE-00830-00256281-00256546 to get our software we're making sure
dFY5gy-n3oE-00831-00256548-00256886 that those also fit with one so that you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00832-00256887-00257036 can not just get the software but you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00833-00257037-00257453 can keep it up to date bug free and get
dFY5gy-n3oE-00834-00257454-00257789 updates faster so this is a very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00835-00257790-00258017 important measure the other important
dFY5gy-n3oE-00836-00258017-00258215 measure is this thing called flow
dFY5gy-n3oE-00837-00258216-00258551 efficiency this is what I was talking
dFY5gy-n3oE-00838-00258552-00258827 about with those gates before this is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00839-00258828-00259187 the problem with waterfall Waterfall is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00840-00259188-00259444 that you wait for somebody else to do
dFY5gy-n3oE-00841-00259446-00259814 something you are not being efficient so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00842-00259815-00260021 flow efficiency is the percentage of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00843-00260021-00260290 time that you're actually working
dFY5gy-n3oE-00844-00260291-00260544 compared to the total time
dFY5gy-n3oE-00845-00260546-00260828 so flow efficiency is how much time are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00846-00260829-00261107 you spending waiting and how much time
dFY5gy-n3oE-00847-00261108-00261317 you're actually spending working on on
dFY5gy-n3oE-00848-00261317-00261581 flow so this is another important
dFY5gy-n3oE-00849-00261582-00261692 measure there's one more really
dFY5gy-n3oE-00850-00261692-00261917 important measure which is your time to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00851-00261917-00262196 recovery so that's the time when you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00852-00262197-00262400 find a bug to when you're back to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00853-00262401-00262676 running and of course Bluegreen
dFY5gy-n3oE-00854-00262677-00262973 deployment canary deployment all of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00855-00262974-00263180 these DevOps processes are about
dFY5gy-n3oE-00856-00263181-00263561 reducing the mean time to recovery which
dFY5gy-n3oE-00857-00263562-00263891 we also think is very important and to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00858-00263892-00264116 help you with this we have also created
dFY5gy-n3oE-00859-00264117-00264500 this methodology for agility
dFY5gy-n3oE-00860-00264501-00264833 which is a paper that looks at different
dFY5gy-n3oE-00861-00264834-00265088 aspects of agility it looks at the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00862-00265089-00265373 people the processes and the technology
dFY5gy-n3oE-00863-00265374-00265708 and it looks at them independently
dFY5gy-n3oE-00864-00265709-00265984 because some companies have great
dFY5gy-n3oE-00865-00265985-00266312 technology for agility but maybe don't
dFY5gy-n3oE-00866-00266313-00266513 have the right organizational structure
dFY5gy-n3oE-00867-00266514-00266714 or maybe you have the right
dFY5gy-n3oE-00868-00266715-00266873 organizational structure but the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00869-00266874-00267128 technology is holding you back so this
dFY5gy-n3oE-00870-00267129-00267443 matrix helps you map out where you are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00871-00267444-00267896 in the agility story and what that means
dFY5gy-n3oE-00872-00267897-00268207 for your digital alignment as well
dFY5gy-n3oE-00873-00268208-00268541 so to summarize and this is a picture of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00874-00268542-00268697 a cell by the way it's pretty cool isn't
dFY5gy-n3oE-00875-00268698-00268775 it
dFY5gy-n3oE-00876-00268776-00269009 you know what we're talking about is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00877-00269010-00269228 decoupling components and then
dFY5gy-n3oE-00878-00269229-00269525 recovering them we don't believe that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00879-00269526-00269918 having 3,000 micro services in a single
dFY5gy-n3oE-00880-00269919-00270203 flat plane gives you any more agility
dFY5gy-n3oE-00881-00270204-00270533 than having one mainframe you know if
dFY5gy-n3oE-00882-00270534-00270746 you had a mainframe anyone who remembers
dFY5gy-n3oE-00883-00270747-00270962 the mainframe will remember you had 3000
dFY5gy-n3oE-00884-00270963-00271253 Kix transactions right there's no
dFY5gy-n3oE-00885-00271254-00271579 agility to having 3000 Tran
dFY5gy-n3oE-00886-00271580-00271790 micro-services because everybody is
dFY5gy-n3oE-00887-00271791-00272039 calling everything and you have no
dFY5gy-n3oE-00888-00272040-00272557 governance and at that point you cannot
dFY5gy-n3oE-00889-00272558-00272897 you cannot change those micro services
dFY5gy-n3oE-00890-00272898-00273116 because you don't know what impact that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00891-00273117-00273449 has on everybody else so we think that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00892-00273450-00273797 the cell boundaries require a required
dFY5gy-n3oE-00893-00273798-00274052 to get real agility in a micro services
dFY5gy-n3oE-00894-00274053-00274424 environment we also think that that that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00895-00274425-00274664 those that those cell boundaries are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00896-00274665-00274868 important not just for the technology
dFY5gy-n3oE-00897-00274869-00275225 but also for the teams the teams work
dFY5gy-n3oE-00898-00275226-00275612 best in small organizations and if you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00899-00275613-00275783 have a small team they can really be
dFY5gy-n3oE-00900-00275784-00276143 agile so they need the boundaries and so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00901-00276144-00276353 the idea is that you are agile within
dFY5gy-n3oE-00902-00276354-00276593 the cell but your version and gate wait
dFY5gy-n3oE-00903-00276594-00277034 at the boundary so I just want to finish
dFY5gy-n3oE-00904-00277035-00277289 with a little bit more about what we're
dFY5gy-n3oE-00905-00277290-00277544 doing at wso to not just from a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00906-00277545-00277754 technology point of view I've
dFY5gy-n3oE-00907-00277755-00277904 talked about improvements to our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00908-00277905-00278198 methodology our architecture I've talked
dFY5gy-n3oE-00909-00278199-00278489 about celery and ballerina are new
dFY5gy-n3oE-00910-00278490-00278645 technologies I've talked about the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00911-00278646-00279011 emerging emergence of the micro ESB the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00912-00279012-00279364 micro API gateway the micro streaming
dFY5gy-n3oE-00913-00279365-00279731 but we're also trying to change some of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00914-00279732-00279959 the ways we work so one way is that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00915-00279960-00280133 we're offering this 10 year long-term
dFY5gy-n3oE-00916-00280134-00280454 support which is to say that however
dFY5gy-n3oE-00917-00280455-00280817 much innovation we do we stand by your
dFY5gy-n3oE-00918-00280818-00281099 you as a customer and we will support
dFY5gy-n3oE-00919-00281100-00281321 whichever product you are on for 10
dFY5gy-n3oE-00920-00281322-00281711 years the second is that we are trying
dFY5gy-n3oE-00921-00281712-00281996 to change the way we interact with our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00922-00281997-00282365 customers and we realize that a stronger
dFY5gy-n3oE-00923-00282366-00282629 partnership is very important and the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00924-00282630-00282884 concept of a Technical Account Manager
dFY5gy-n3oE-00925-00282885-00283076 to go alongside the business Account
dFY5gy-n3oE-00926-00283077-00283343 Manager allows us to create a better
dFY5gy-n3oE-00927-00283344-00283622 technical technology partnership with
dFY5gy-n3oE-00928-00283623-00284105 you we are trying to improve the user
dFY5gy-n3oE-00929-00284106-00284480 experience not just through the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00930-00284481-00284777 installation guides through better
dFY5gy-n3oE-00931-00284778-00284996 technology but also through the business
dFY5gy-n3oE-00932-00284997-00285428 model our aim is that anybody who comes
dFY5gy-n3oE-00933-00285429-00285610 to our website can get an evaluation
dFY5gy-n3oE-00934-00285611-00285992 subscription and get our support and our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00935-00285993-00286316 updates for long enough to try out the
dFY5gy-n3oE-00936-00286317-00286730 software and see how it works alongside
dFY5gy-n3oE-00937-00286731-00287201 our existing instance based pricing
dFY5gy-n3oE-00938-00287202-00287426 we've brought in a new pricing model
dFY5gy-n3oE-00939-00287427-00287783 based on cos this is not the number of
dFY5gy-n3oE-00940-00287784-00288125 cos one server runs on but the total
dFY5gy-n3oE-00941-00288126-00288413 number of cos that your cloud runs on
dFY5gy-n3oE-00942-00288414-00288761 and the idea is that you can deploy as
dFY5gy-n3oE-00943-00288762-00288956 many products as you like across that
dFY5gy-n3oE-00944-00288957-00289262 number of cos this is very important
dFY5gy-n3oE-00945-00289263-00289601 when when you want to get agility in a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00946-00289602-00289994 micro services environment because you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00947-00289995-00290269 want to be able to spin up and spin down
dFY5gy-n3oE-00948-00290270-00290534 instances of servers quickly in
dFY5gy-n3oE-00949-00290535-00290924 kubernetes so the ability to have a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00950-00290925-00291146 pricing model that is based around
dFY5gy-n3oE-00951-00291147-00291479 kubernetes and cloud deployment is very
dFY5gy-n3oE-00952-00291480-00291847 very important to us and we are also
dFY5gy-n3oE-00953-00291848-00292199 offering now as a channel just to up get
dFY5gy-n3oE-00954-00292200-00292499 security punches so some customers want
dFY5gy-n3oE-00955-00292500-00292769 to have all our patches some customers
dFY5gy-n3oE-00956-00292770-00293030 just want to get our security patches so
dFY5gy-n3oE-00957-00293031-00293192 these are all ways that we're trying to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00958-00293193-00293530 listen to our customers and meet them
dFY5gy-n3oE-00959-00293531-00293801 halfway and create a better relationship
dFY5gy-n3oE-00960-00293802-00294089 with the customers not just around
dFY5gy-n3oE-00961-00294090-00294337 technology but around our business model
dFY5gy-n3oE-00962-00294338-00294725 we're also creating new and more
dFY5gy-n3oE-00963-00294726-00295073 presence out in the market we just
dFY5gy-n3oE-00964-00295074-00295388 opened our Australia office we've opened
dFY5gy-n3oE-00965-00295389-00295577 we're opening a Berlin office within
dFY5gy-n3oE-00966-00295578-00295925 three months we are about to announce
dFY5gy-n3oE-00967-00295926-00296188 what's happening in Mexico which is a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00968-00296189-00296441 partnership with with one of our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00969-00296442-00296816 partners who is who is opened up a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00970-00296817-00297154 physical presence in Mexico and we are
dFY5gy-n3oE-00971-00297155-00297500 rapidly expanding our partnership across
dFY5gy-n3oE-00972-00297501-00297869 the world and we have done a lot of work
dFY5gy-n3oE-00973-00297870-00298159 around creating a new partnership model
dFY5gy-n3oE-00974-00298160-00298585 which allows partners to share in our
dFY5gy-n3oE-00975-00298586-00298847 recurring revenue not just to get a
dFY5gy-n3oE-00976-00298848-00299090 services revenue but also to to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00977-00299091-00299380 participate in our recurring revenue to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00978-00299381-00299588 create new technology and community
dFY5gy-n3oE-00979-00299589-00299989 programs and to create better
dFY5gy-n3oE-00980-00299990-00300307 collaboration with our partners you know
dFY5gy-n3oE-00981-00300308-00300752 we have scaled amazingly over over over
dFY5gy-n3oE-00982-00300753-00301043 our lifetime but we realized that if we
dFY5gy-n3oE-00983-00301044-00301285 want to carry on scaling and
dFY5gy-n3oE-00984-00301286-00301496 accelerating that scaling we cannot do
dFY5gy-n3oE-00985-00301497-00301766 it on our own we cannot do it without
dFY5gy-n3oE-00986-00301767-00302024 our partners and I know a lot of you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00987-00302025-00302185 here are from partners and I thank you
dFY5gy-n3oE-00988-00302186-00302410 for your participation and I really
dFY5gy-n3oE-00989-00302411-00302570 appreciate your feedback on this new
dFY5gy-n3oE-00990-00302571-00302804 program I think it's we've got we've had
dFY5gy-n3oE-00991-00302805-00303058 a big partner meeting in London two
dFY5gy-n3oE-00992-00303059-00303334 weeks ago and the certainly the European
dFY5gy-n3oE-00993-00303335-00303502 partners felt this was a big improvement
dFY5gy-n3oE-00994-00303503-00303773 but I'd really like to hear your your
dFY5gy-n3oE-00995-00303774-00304180 experiences and your thoughts so finally
dFY5gy-n3oE-00996-00304181-00304412 I just want to finish on what our vision
dFY5gy-n3oE-00997-00304413-00304487 for 2000
dFY5gy-n3oE-00998-00304488-00304922 19 is the first is that we are going to
dFY5gy-n3oE-00999-00304923-00305318 continue and to extend our openness we
dFY5gy-n3oE-01000-00305319-00305605 are actually going to commit that every
dFY5gy-n3oE-01001-00305606-00305958 part of wso 2 is going to be open source
dFY5gy-n3oE-01002-00305959-00306314 so for example some little parts like
dFY5gy-n3oE-01003-00306315-00306614 our web like our dub 1 was not open
dFY5gy-n3oE-01004-00306615-00306821 source we're going to make that open
dFY5gy-n3oE-01005-00306822-00307271 source some of our open banking we we
dFY5gy-n3oE-01006-00307272-00307472 thought might be more acceptable to the
dFY5gy-n3oE-01007-00307473-00307670 banking community it wasn't open source
dFY5gy-n3oE-01008-00307671-00307972 we're deciding to make that open source
dFY5gy-n3oE-01009-00307973-00308299 we are going to focus a lot more on
dFY5gy-n3oE-01010-00308300-00308632 community we realize that maybe we
dFY5gy-n3oE-01011-00308633-00308830 haven't you know we've been running as
dFY5gy-n3oE-01012-00308831-00309212 fast as we can to grow and maybe at
dFY5gy-n3oE-01013-00309213-00309422 times we have not been such a good
dFY5gy-n3oE-01014-00309423-00309613 community partner as we could and we
dFY5gy-n3oE-01015-00309614-00309991 want to really improve our community
dFY5gy-n3oE-01016-00309992-00310373 we've spent a lot of our effort looking
dFY5gy-n3oE-01017-00310374-00310699 at our principles we have a you know we
dFY5gy-n3oE-01018-00310700-00311024 were 13 14 years old we decided to go
dFY5gy-n3oE-01019-00311025-00311206 back and look at our principles we got
dFY5gy-n3oE-01020-00311207-00311422 the leadership of the company together
dFY5gy-n3oE-01021-00311423-00311728 for two days to just think about what
dFY5gy-n3oE-01022-00311729-00311976 the principles of the company are and
dFY5gy-n3oE-01023-00311977-00312416 and we identified six core principles
dFY5gy-n3oE-01024-00312417-00312709 and and I've been involved in this kind
dFY5gy-n3oE-01025-00312710-00313051 of exercise in other companies and I was
dFY5gy-n3oE-01026-00313052-00313364 frankly a little cynical yes yeah I was
dFY5gy-n3oE-01027-00313365-00313763 cynical in this case but really I was
dFY5gy-n3oE-01028-00313764-00313960 very excited by this I think it's and
dFY5gy-n3oE-01029-00313961-00314144 its really energized everybody inside
dFY5gy-n3oE-01030-00314145-00314390 the company you know one of the things
dFY5gy-n3oE-01031-00314391-00314546 we really strongly believe is that
dFY5gy-n3oE-01032-00314547-00314993 openness creates opportunity for people
dFY5gy-n3oE-01033-00314994-00315362 of every size and I think you and Brazil
dFY5gy-n3oE-01034-00315363-00315733 really know this because open-source has
dFY5gy-n3oE-01035-00315734-00315979 been a massive driver of opportunities
dFY5gy-n3oE-01036-00315980-00316249 here in Brazil it's been a massive
dFY5gy-n3oE-01037-00316250-00316609 driver of opportunities in Srilanka you
dFY5gy-n3oE-01038-00316610-00316840 know we believe that openness and
dFY5gy-n3oE-01039-00316841-00317149 community create new opportunities and
dFY5gy-n3oE-01040-00317150-00317682 this comes back to api's API is
dFY5gy-n3oE-01041-00317683-00317860 fundamentally
dFY5gy-n3oE-01042-00317861-00318232 new opportunities through openness every
dFY5gy-n3oE-01043-00318233-00318724 API allows small organizations to
dFY5gy-n3oE-01044-00318725-00318992 utilize to band together into
dFY5gy-n3oE-01045-00318993-00319243 communities into ecosystems and
dFY5gy-n3oE-01046-00319244-00319571 challenge big companies challenge the
dFY5gy-n3oE-01047-00319572-00319984 established people in the market this is
dFY5gy-n3oE-01048-00319985-00320123 what we're seeing in Europe with this
dFY5gy-n3oE-01049-00320124-00320305 thing called PSD to in the banking
dFY5gy-n3oE-01050-00320306-00320591 industry where every bank now has to
dFY5gy-n3oE-01051-00320592-00320629 offer
dFY5gy-n3oE-01052-00320630-00320990 open api's and it is creating a whole
dFY5gy-n3oE-01053-00320991-00321245 raft of new financial services for small
dFY5gy-n3oE-01054-00321246-00321535 organizations that can do better than
dFY5gy-n3oE-01055-00321536-00321802 the legacy banks and it's encouraging
dFY5gy-n3oE-01056-00321803-00322027 big organizations to do new things as
dFY5gy-n3oE-01057-00322028-00322399 well so Santander is looking at this and
dFY5gy-n3oE-01058-00322400-00322619 saying we have a new opportunity to be a
dFY5gy-n3oE-01059-00322620-00323069 platform company and not just a bank so
dFY5gy-n3oE-01060-00323070-00323260 they even large companies are seeing
dFY5gy-n3oE-01061-00323261-00323543 this as ways to market and we think
dFY5gy-n3oE-01062-00323544-00323710 these principles are really key and I
dFY5gy-n3oE-01063-00323711-00323881 talked about the other aspects already
dFY5gy-n3oE-01064-00323882-00324124 so thank you very much I know I've run
dFY5gy-n3oE-01065-00324125-00324545 slightly over time I apologize but I did
dFY5gy-n3oE-01066-00324546-00324709 fly all the way out here just to give
dFY5gy-n3oE-01067-00324710-00324941 this talk so I wasn't gonna just let
dFY5gy-n3oE-01068-00324942-00325196 them stick me to half an hour I hope you
dFY5gy-n3oE-01069-00325197-00325358 enjoyed it thank you very much
dFY5gy-n3oE-01070-00325359-00326194 [Applause]
dIrEapGsuho-00000-00000208-00000430 hello everyone um
dIrEapGsuho-00001-00000431-00000711 thanks for joining the the session
dIrEapGsuho-00002-00000712-00000839 um
dIrEapGsuho-00003-00000840-00001062 so basically what we will speak today we
dIrEapGsuho-00004-00001063-00001295 wanted uh to speak a bit more to do a
dIrEapGsuho-00005-00001296-00001535 retrospective regarding the libreoffice
dIrEapGsuho-00006-00001536-00001855 community survey they that we run
dIrEapGsuho-00007-00001855-00002118 uh that we run this year
dIrEapGsuho-00008-00002119-00002471 and uh what we will be covering today um
dIrEapGsuho-00009-00002472-00002695 i know if you can go to the next slide
dIrEapGsuho-00010-00002696-00002807 thanks
dIrEapGsuho-00011-00002808-00002999 uh so basically we will start with a bit
dIrEapGsuho-00012-00003000-00003199 of a story why we wanted to do this
dIrEapGsuho-00013-00003200-00003422 community survey how
dIrEapGsuho-00014-00003423-00003735 it it has been like structures and then
dIrEapGsuho-00015-00003736-00003919 in the end we will do more analyzes of
dIrEapGsuho-00016-00003920-00004206 the answers of the raw data that we have
dIrEapGsuho-00017-00004207-00004295 and
dIrEapGsuho-00018-00004296-00004454 some open discussion
dIrEapGsuho-00019-00004455-00005054 uh for the next steps for uh the survey
dIrEapGsuho-00020-00005055-00005438 so why we need it uh how it started uh
dIrEapGsuho-00021-00005439-00005647 since we wanted to improve things in our
dIrEapGsuho-00022-00005648-00005975 community related to the contributors
dIrEapGsuho-00023-00005976-00006295 uh you can improve things when you know
dIrEapGsuho-00024-00006296-00006439 better uh
dIrEapGsuho-00025-00006440-00006631 what are these gaps or what are the
dIrEapGsuho-00026-00006631-00006823 things that we need to improve
dIrEapGsuho-00027-00006823-00006998 and for this we wanted to better
dIrEapGsuho-00028-00007000-00007383 understand um who are our
dIrEapGsuho-00029-00007384-00007687 contributors where are they based uh
dIrEapGsuho-00030-00007688-00007863 what needs they have what things we
dIrEapGsuho-00031-00007864-00008006 should improve
dIrEapGsuho-00032-00008008-00008103 um
dIrEapGsuho-00033-00008104-00008359 better understand the local communities
dIrEapGsuho-00034-00008360-00008695 uh how we can support them uh
dIrEapGsuho-00035-00008696-00008871 what countries or
dIrEapGsuho-00036-00008872-00009206 uh cities we are missing or ireas and so
dIrEapGsuho-00037-00009207-00009327 on
dIrEapGsuho-00038-00009328-00009791 uh so uh basically we wanted to um and
dIrEapGsuho-00039-00009792-00009959 since also part of the survey we have
dIrEapGsuho-00040-00009960-00010159 also like some uh we had some open
dIrEapGsuho-00041-00010160-00010438 questions we wanted also to give some
dIrEapGsuho-00042-00010439-00010710 more space uh for you for you all to
dIrEapGsuho-00043-00010711-00011014 give some suggestions uh and identify
dIrEapGsuho-00044-00011015-00011414 diarrheas where we uh where we can focus
dIrEapGsuho-00045-00011415-00011646 and that we can improve
dIrEapGsuho-00046-00011647-00011806 um and
dIrEapGsuho-00047-00011807-00012063 of course like we also want to uh wanted
dIrEapGsuho-00048-00012064-00012278 to guide the project where the community
dIrEapGsuho-00049-00012279-00012455 wants to go that's why we wanted to
dIrEapGsuho-00050-00012456-00012591 listen to you
dIrEapGsuho-00051-00012592-00012886 uh your needs your ideas your feedbacks
dIrEapGsuho-00052-00012887-00013191 um so we we can see what what we can
dIrEapGsuho-00053-00013191-00013311 improve
dIrEapGsuho-00054-00013312-00013599 and um where we as a community want to
dIrEapGsuho-00055-00013600-00013879 go
dIrEapGsuho-00056-00013880-00013958 so
dIrEapGsuho-00057-00013959-00014279 the next slide please
dIrEapGsuho-00058-00014280-00014438 so uh
dIrEapGsuho-00059-00014440-00014719 how we structured uh the survey and also
dIrEapGsuho-00060-00014719-00015079 this survey started as an idea from um
dIrEapGsuho-00061-00015080-00015222 the
dIrEapGsuho-00062-00015223-00015483 mca membership committee
dIrEapGsuho-00063-00015484-00015903 team so basically focusing on um
dIrEapGsuho-00064-00015904-00016111 the let's say the the most important
dIrEapGsuho-00065-00016112-00016430 things uh that we wanted to uh to see
dIrEapGsuho-00066-00016431-00016615 the the membership base and so on so
dIrEapGsuho-00067-00016616-00016822 that's why one of the first questions we
dIrEapGsuho-00068-00016823-00016950 wanted also
dIrEapGsuho-00069-00016951-00017279 since the survey was not just for tdf
dIrEapGsuho-00070-00017280-00017471 members but for
dIrEapGsuho-00071-00017472-00017671 all the people that are contributing in
dIrEapGsuho-00072-00017672-00017903 one way or another to libreoffice we
dIrEapGsuho-00073-00017904-00018103 wanted to see if
dIrEapGsuho-00074-00018104-00018271 you are also part
dIrEapGsuho-00075-00018272-00018479 of the tdf membership if you are already
dIrEapGsuho-00076-00018480-00018583 a member
dIrEapGsuho-00077-00018584-00018847 and we wanted also to understand that if
dIrEapGsuho-00078-00018848-00019119 someone was not what was the reason and
dIrEapGsuho-00079-00019120-00019319 how we could improve this
dIrEapGsuho-00080-00019320-00019614 and then the next one was more about
dIrEapGsuho-00081-00019615-00019847 like the contributors and the users so
dIrEapGsuho-00082-00019848-00019991 like um
dIrEapGsuho-00083-00019992-00020271 people that are contributing uh how long
dIrEapGsuho-00084-00020272-00020494 they have been using libreoffice how
dIrEapGsuho-00085-00020495-00020743 long they have been as contributors and
dIrEapGsuho-00086-00020744-00020935 also what kind of what type of
dIrEapGsuho-00087-00020936-00021119 contributions they are also making to
dIrEapGsuho-00088-00021120-00021294 libreoffice so
dIrEapGsuho-00089-00021295-00021543 uh we could see like what areas we are
dIrEapGsuho-00090-00021544-00021830 missing for example here and uh also to
dIrEapGsuho-00091-00021831-00022094 better understand um
dIrEapGsuho-00092-00022095-00022335 how much time basically you spend on the
dIrEapGsuho-00093-00022336-00022519 brofist or the contributions that you
dIrEapGsuho-00094-00022520-00022830 have done and uh specifically we have
dIrEapGsuho-00095-00022831-00023007 asked in the last three months since
dIrEapGsuho-00096-00023008-00023199 also is related
dIrEapGsuho-00097-00023200-00023399 one of the questions that we ask
dIrEapGsuho-00098-00023400-00023735 uh when you want to become a tdf member
dIrEapGsuho-00099-00023736-00023822 and
dIrEapGsuho-00100-00023823-00024047 then also what are like the the top
dIrEapGsuho-00101-00024048-00024286 reasons for you that make you contribute
dIrEapGsuho-00102-00024287-00024542 a liberal office
dIrEapGsuho-00103-00024543-00024727 uh the next uh
dIrEapGsuho-00104-00024728-00024935 it's more related to some improvements
dIrEapGsuho-00105-00024936-00025135 that we can do for libreoffice for the
dIrEapGsuho-00106-00025136-00025367 community and the outreach so basically
dIrEapGsuho-00107-00025368-00025662 we wanted to see how we can make um
dIrEapGsuho-00108-00025663-00025734 the
dIrEapGsuho-00109-00025735-00025918 country like the contributions to
dIrEapGsuho-00110-00025919-00026134 libreoffice more attractive to people
dIrEapGsuho-00111-00026135-00026311 more easier
dIrEapGsuho-00112-00026312-00026487 um and
dIrEapGsuho-00113-00026488-00026679 what we could improve in our community
dIrEapGsuho-00114-00026680-00026879 what is like missing in your point of
dIrEapGsuho-00115-00026880-00026999 view
dIrEapGsuho-00116-00027000-00027087 um
dIrEapGsuho-00117-00027088-00027295 and also we had like the the
dIrEapGsuho-00118-00027295-00027614 an open question related to um if you
dIrEapGsuho-00119-00027616-00027751 know any other
dIrEapGsuho-00120-00027752-00027951 open source contributors in your country
dIrEapGsuho-00121-00027952-00028335 that we can collaborate with them um to
dIrEapGsuho-00122-00028336-00028599 also like make it better and then the
dIrEapGsuho-00123-00028600-00028862 other part is more to the demographic so
dIrEapGsuho-00124-00028863-00029087 we wanted to understand basically in
dIrEapGsuho-00125-00029088-00029318 which country you are living so we could
dIrEapGsuho-00126-00029319-00029527 see how spread
dIrEapGsuho-00127-00029527-00029918 are our contributions what languages uh
dIrEapGsuho-00128-00029919-00030190 language or languages you speak
dIrEapGsuho-00129-00030191-00030462 if libreoffice is available in your
dIrEapGsuho-00130-00030463-00030646 language
dIrEapGsuho-00131-00030647-00030895 what is your gender educational level
dIrEapGsuho-00132-00030895-00031095 and age range
dIrEapGsuho-00133-00031095-00031190 so
dIrEapGsuho-00134-00031191-00031390 we could see the data if they are like
dIrEapGsuho-00135-00031391-00031631 kind of connected with with each other
dIrEapGsuho-00136-00031632-00031879 in which areas we are lacking more
dIrEapGsuho-00137-00031880-00032283 um and how we could um improve this
dIrEapGsuho-00138-00032283-00032687 part and the next so the last one
dIrEapGsuho-00139-00032688-00032887 part of the survey was the the open
dIrEapGsuho-00140-00032888-00033302 comments so basically uh this was like
dIrEapGsuho-00141-00033303-00033431 more to
dIrEapGsuho-00142-00033432-00033607 what we were missing in the other parts
dIrEapGsuho-00143-00033608-00033759 that we didn't mention and here you
dIrEapGsuho-00144-00033760-00033999 could share more uh feedback on the
dIrEapGsuho-00145-00034000-00034159 things what
dIrEapGsuho-00146-00034160-00034311 we could improve
dIrEapGsuho-00147-00034312-00034567 and we got a lot of feedback that marina
dIrEapGsuho-00148-00034568-00034679 will
dIrEapGsuho-00149-00034680-00035031 share it later
dIrEapGsuho-00150-00035032-00035271 so uh how
dIrEapGsuho-00151-00035272-00035662 we announced the survey so uh the survey
dIrEapGsuho-00152-00035663-00035783 um
dIrEapGsuho-00153-00035784-00036127 was announced uh as a blog post and uh
dIrEapGsuho-00154-00036128-00036483 thanks a lot mike uh for
dIrEapGsuho-00155-00036484-00036767 um writing the blog post and publishing
dIrEapGsuho-00156-00036768-00036862 it
dIrEapGsuho-00157-00036863-00037118 and the channels that we
dIrEapGsuho-00158-00037119-00037407 thought were better to promote it
dIrEapGsuho-00159-00037408-00037662 were the like the blog post the mailing
dIrEapGsuho-00160-00037663-00037830 list
dIrEapGsuho-00161-00037831-00038087 but we didn't promote this on the social
dIrEapGsuho-00162-00038088-00038279 the may social media channels because
dIrEapGsuho-00163-00038280-00038583 since uh we wanted to be more focused on
dIrEapGsuho-00164-00038584-00038799 the contributors and not
dIrEapGsuho-00165-00038800-00039215 uh just users uh that they are not
dIrEapGsuho-00166-00039216-00039423 contributing in any way uh to
dIrEapGsuho-00167-00039424-00039639 libreoffice we wanted uh this to be the
dIrEapGsuho-00168-00039640-00039943 main target of uh our survey
dIrEapGsuho-00169-00039944-00040190 uh and that's why the survey started
dIrEapGsuho-00170-00040191-00040374 also uh
dIrEapGsuho-00171-00040375-00040623 on september 8th it was running for two
dIrEapGsuho-00172-00040624-00040879 weeks and then we also extended a bit
dIrEapGsuho-00173-00040880-00041007 the deadline
dIrEapGsuho-00174-00041008-00041246 and the survey had uh
dIrEapGsuho-00175-00041247-00041639 70 questions included and um also a very
dIrEapGsuho-00176-00041640-00041967 big thank you goes to haiku as well for
dIrEapGsuho-00177-00041968-00042279 the great help uh with a with a survey
dIrEapGsuho-00178-00042280-00042511 and lime survey that was the software
dIrEapGsuho-00179-00042512-00042855 that we used uh for the survey
dIrEapGsuho-00180-00042856-00043158 and uh yeah also big thanks to all the
dIrEapGsuho-00181-00043159-00043351 people that also helped us and gave us
dIrEapGsuho-00182-00043352-00043495 feedback uh
dIrEapGsuho-00183-00043496-00043774 for the survey the questions uh when we
dIrEapGsuho-00184-00043775-00044087 were working on it
dIrEapGsuho-00185-00044088-00044367 and um yeah i think that's that's it for
dIrEapGsuho-00186-00044368-00044662 now so i will leave it uh to marina now
dIrEapGsuho-00187-00044663-00044807 uh for the
dIrEapGsuho-00188-00044808-00045302 rest thanks
dIrEapGsuho-00189-00045303-00045471 yeah so
dIrEapGsuho-00190-00045472-00045790 as a jonah was saying definitely
dIrEapGsuho-00191-00045791-00046007 thanks to all the
dIrEapGsuho-00192-00046008-00046183 people involved
dIrEapGsuho-00193-00046184-00046374 also giving us a
dIrEapGsuho-00194-00046375-00046862 feedback on how to refine the questions
dIrEapGsuho-00195-00046863-00047143 also keeping into account the needs of
dIrEapGsuho-00196-00047144-00047351 the local communities
dIrEapGsuho-00197-00047352-00047450 and
dIrEapGsuho-00198-00047451-00047623 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00199-00047624-00047862 for what concern are the
dIrEapGsuho-00200-00047863-00048230 details these are this analysis
dIrEapGsuho-00201-00048231-00048423 the results are
dIrEapGsuho-00202-00048424-00048518 quite
dIrEapGsuho-00203-00048519-00048790 interesting in terms of
dIrEapGsuho-00204-00048791-00048967 participation
dIrEapGsuho-00205-00048968-00049646 because we had a total of 251
dIrEapGsuho-00206-00049647-00049911 submitted survey so for reading that is
dIrEapGsuho-00207-00049912-00050079 uh this table
dIrEapGsuho-00208-00050080-00050407 um you can see the the column now where
dIrEapGsuho-00209-00050408-00050527 there is a
dIrEapGsuho-00210-00050528-00050823 without the title of full questionnaires
dIrEapGsuho-00211-00050824-00050967 uh that
dIrEapGsuho-00212-00050968-00051246 means that in that case uh uh the person
dIrEapGsuho-00213-00051247-00051454 that was submitting the
dIrEapGsuho-00214-00051455-00051823 answers was also finalizing uh the
dIrEapGsuho-00215-00051824-00052094 survey pressing the submit button at the
dIrEapGsuho-00216-00052095-00052199 end
dIrEapGsuho-00217-00052200-00052454 the other column is listing
dIrEapGsuho-00218-00052455-00052630 the incomplete
dIrEapGsuho-00219-00052632-00052838 survey where
dIrEapGsuho-00220-00052839-00053063 people were
dIrEapGsuho-00221-00053064-00053391 not submitting the the full results or
dIrEapGsuho-00222-00053391-00053591 in general not pressing at the end that
dIrEapGsuho-00223-00053591-00053807 is a submit button
dIrEapGsuho-00224-00053808-00054094 we decided to take into account also
dIrEapGsuho-00225-00054095-00054303 those incomplete uh
dIrEapGsuho-00226-00054304-00054575 answers because in any case uh this one
dIrEapGsuho-00227-00054576-00054775 is the very first
dIrEapGsuho-00228-00054776-00055038 survey we are running so
dIrEapGsuho-00229-00055039-00055294 even if the data are not
dIrEapGsuho-00230-00055295-00055550 complete it's definitely
dIrEapGsuho-00231-00055551-00055863 good to have an overview
dIrEapGsuho-00232-00055864-00056223 of how things are going
dIrEapGsuho-00233-00056224-00056382 and
dIrEapGsuho-00234-00056383-00056782 yeah the the majority of the um
dIrEapGsuho-00235-00056783-00056879 of the
dIrEapGsuho-00236-00056879-00057199 answer were submitted uh just at the
dIrEapGsuho-00237-00057200-00057319 beginning
dIrEapGsuho-00238-00057320-00057663 of the opening time of the survey so we
dIrEapGsuho-00239-00057664-00057799 we started on
dIrEapGsuho-00240-00057800-00058111 august the 25th with the announcement
dIrEapGsuho-00241-00058112-00058254 and on the
dIrEapGsuho-00242-00058255-00058550 next day we had already under the 14
dIrEapGsuho-00243-00058551-00058775 results
dIrEapGsuho-00244-00058776-00059030 then the trend it's a lot somewhat the
dIrEapGsuho-00245-00059032-00059150 same
dIrEapGsuho-00246-00059151-00059263 there was a
dIrEapGsuho-00247-00059264-00059438 an increase uh
dIrEapGsuho-00248-00059439-00059607 quite constant
dIrEapGsuho-00249-00059608-00059903 uh until uh september 8th
dIrEapGsuho-00250-00059904-00060150 that was uh the official deadline of
dIrEapGsuho-00251-00060151-00060382 closing the survey
dIrEapGsuho-00252-00060383-00060671 we decided to leave it open a few more
dIrEapGsuho-00253-00060672-00061047 days because you know there's always uh
dIrEapGsuho-00254-00061048-00061263 someone that
dIrEapGsuho-00255-00061264-00061526 is reading the message
dIrEapGsuho-00256-00061527-00061759 too late and maybe wants to try and in
dIrEapGsuho-00257-00061760-00061894 any case i mean
dIrEapGsuho-00258-00061895-00062238 we had
dIrEapGsuho-00259-00062239-00062338 only
dIrEapGsuho-00260-00062339-00062503 246
dIrEapGsuho-00261-00062504-00062815 full surveys to evaluate so it was still
dIrEapGsuho-00262-00062816-00063038 fine to keep it open
dIrEapGsuho-00263-00063039-00063399 a bit longer um
dIrEapGsuho-00264-00063400-00063703 after a few days
dIrEapGsuho-00265-00063704-00064015 on this ico was was right the number of
dIrEapGsuho-00266-00064016-00064094 uh
dIrEapGsuho-00267-00064095-00064382 full submissions was not really uh
dIrEapGsuho-00268-00064383-00064679 increasing so that was uh less or more
dIrEapGsuho-00269-00064679-00064791 the
dIrEapGsuho-00270-00064791-00065015 number that we were expecting to get
dIrEapGsuho-00271-00065016-00065215 after two weeks
dIrEapGsuho-00272-00065216-00065975 of survey and yeah he was exactly right
dIrEapGsuho-00273-00065976-00066271 before going to the details if you have
dIrEapGsuho-00274-00066272-00066575 any questions on the on the slides uh
dIrEapGsuho-00275-00066576-00066759 feel free to
dIrEapGsuho-00276-00066760-00067023 to ask her to interrupt
dIrEapGsuho-00277-00067024-00067282 we have in any case a
dIrEapGsuho-00278-00067283-00067519 discussion session at the end
dIrEapGsuho-00279-00067520-00067638 but
dIrEapGsuho-00280-00067639-00067806 given the
dIrEapGsuho-00281-00067807-00068087 amount of information we are going to to
dIrEapGsuho-00282-00068088-00068487 see together it's perfectly fine to
dIrEapGsuho-00283-00068488-00068638 also
dIrEapGsuho-00284-00068639-00068823 have a look
dIrEapGsuho-00285-00068824-00069047 during the
dIrEapGsuho-00286-00069048-00069231 different slides uh
dIrEapGsuho-00287-00069232-00069479 presentation
dIrEapGsuho-00288-00069480-00069623 so
dIrEapGsuho-00289-00069624-00069943 let's go with the analysis
dIrEapGsuho-00290-00069944-00070231 the first question as uh john was saying
dIrEapGsuho-00291-00070232-00070350 was
dIrEapGsuho-00292-00070351-00070591 related to the membership
dIrEapGsuho-00293-00070592-00070806 so we were asking
dIrEapGsuho-00294-00070807-00070926 if
dIrEapGsuho-00295-00070927-00071062 the
dIrEapGsuho-00296-00071063-00071350 person filing a survey
dIrEapGsuho-00297-00071351-00071838 was a tdf member and if not why
dIrEapGsuho-00298-00071839-00072062 and
dIrEapGsuho-00299-00072063-00072175 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-00300-00072176-00072367 looking at
dIrEapGsuho-00301-00072368-00072799 the reasons
dIrEapGsuho-00302-00072800-00073223 looking at in general at the um
dIrEapGsuho-00303-00073224-00073638 results um we saw that the the answer
dIrEapGsuho-00304-00073639-00073855 from the members was a
dIrEapGsuho-00305-00073856-00074055 uh quite high
dIrEapGsuho-00306-00074056-00074282 but there's a huge amount
dIrEapGsuho-00307-00074283-00074703 of other people filing the the survey
dIrEapGsuho-00308-00074704-00074894 uh that
dIrEapGsuho-00309-00074895-00075215 are quite uh let's see
dIrEapGsuho-00310-00075216-00075519 loud and clear in stating that
dIrEapGsuho-00311-00075520-00075743 they are not a member and they don't
dIrEapGsuho-00312-00075744-00076119 want to become a member so that it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-00313-00076120-00076382 immediately a first
dIrEapGsuho-00314-00076383-00076679 trigger that we should
dIrEapGsuho-00315-00076680-00077031 keep into account also for uh
dIrEapGsuho-00316-00077032-00077255 further analysis of
dIrEapGsuho-00317-00077256-00077638 the data that we that we collected
dIrEapGsuho-00318-00077639-00077926 it's also interesting to see that
dIrEapGsuho-00319-00077927-00078126 there are a lot of people that are not
dIrEapGsuho-00320-00078127-00078438 aware that there's the possibility to to
dIrEapGsuho-00321-00078439-00078694 become a member and
dIrEapGsuho-00322-00078695-00078967 again it's
dIrEapGsuho-00323-00078968-00079343 another important focus area for uh
dIrEapGsuho-00324-00079344-00079582 for the membership committee
dIrEapGsuho-00325-00079583-00079967 first of all but in general for tdf
dIrEapGsuho-00326-00079968-00080247 because in any case uh the members
dIrEapGsuho-00327-00080248-00080319 are
dIrEapGsuho-00328-00080320-00080511 i mean the member of the board of
dIrEapGsuho-00329-00080512-00080631 trustees
dIrEapGsuho-00330-00080632-00080911 uh are the people that can
dIrEapGsuho-00331-00080912-00081071 run for the
dIrEapGsuho-00332-00081072-00081294 for the mc that can run for the for the
dIrEapGsuho-00333-00081295-00081438 board that can
dIrEapGsuho-00334-00081439-00081638 vote that can
dIrEapGsuho-00335-00081639-00081918 and they say have a voice and it's
dIrEapGsuho-00336-00081919-00082279 important to tell to uh people that are
dIrEapGsuho-00337-00082280-00082591 already contributing that there's this
dIrEapGsuho-00338-00082592-00082903 opportunity available so definitely
dIrEapGsuho-00339-00082904-00083223 another improvement area that
dIrEapGsuho-00340-00083224-00083526 we need to look at
dIrEapGsuho-00341-00083527-00083662 on the
dIrEapGsuho-00342-00083663-00083894 bottom right of the
dIrEapGsuho-00343-00083895-00084215 slide there is also the number of people
dIrEapGsuho-00344-00084216-00084350 that
dIrEapGsuho-00345-00084351-00084543 answered the question
dIrEapGsuho-00346-00084544-00084894 and the number that were skipping the
dIrEapGsuho-00347-00084895-00085079 question
dIrEapGsuho-00348-00085080-00085431 we decided to keep for the majority of
dIrEapGsuho-00349-00085432-00085694 the questions also the
dIrEapGsuho-00350-00085695-00085815 um
dIrEapGsuho-00351-00085816-00085982 the option
dIrEapGsuho-00352-00085983-00086167 i don't want to
dIrEapGsuho-00353-00086168-00086431 to answer or skip
dIrEapGsuho-00354-00086432-00086567 so
dIrEapGsuho-00355-00086568-00086750 let's call it as you prefer but in any
dIrEapGsuho-00356-00086751-00087094 case also the the option to
dIrEapGsuho-00357-00087095-00087350 not express any kind of comment of
dIrEapGsuho-00358-00087351-00087591 preference on the particular
dIrEapGsuho-00359-00087592-00087782 topic also for
dIrEapGsuho-00360-00087783-00087903 evaluating
dIrEapGsuho-00361-00087904-00088126 the kind of uh
dIrEapGsuho-00362-00088127-00088255 answer
dIrEapGsuho-00363-00088256-00088655 that um these uh freedom could uh could
dIrEapGsuho-00364-00088656-00088799 bring
dIrEapGsuho-00365-00088800-00089182 and um yeah now looking at the reasons
dIrEapGsuho-00366-00089183-00089447 uh of uh
dIrEapGsuho-00367-00089448-00089791 uh people uh not
dIrEapGsuho-00368-00089792-00090143 with a with an active membership anymore
dIrEapGsuho-00369-00090144-00090599 uh this is um this was a an area um a
dIrEapGsuho-00370-00090600-00090862 question that was uh not with a multiple
dIrEapGsuho-00371-00090863-00091087 choices but directly with uh with the
dIrEapGsuho-00372-00091088-00091303 open text so
dIrEapGsuho-00373-00091304-00091503 we tried to
dIrEapGsuho-00374-00091504-00091687 collect
dIrEapGsuho-00375-00091688-00091943 some
dIrEapGsuho-00376-00091944-00092135 to aggregate
dIrEapGsuho-00377-00092136-00092359 the the reasons that we
dIrEapGsuho-00378-00092360-00092518 we found
dIrEapGsuho-00379-00092519-00092687 recorded
dIrEapGsuho-00380-00092688-00092799 and uh
dIrEapGsuho-00381-00092800-00093087 yeah as you can see uh the lack of time
dIrEapGsuho-00382-00093088-00093455 uh it's a problem uh common and not only
dIrEapGsuho-00383-00093456-00093767 in our project but
dIrEapGsuho-00384-00093768-00093862 in
dIrEapGsuho-00385-00093863-00094174 several other open source projects
dIrEapGsuho-00386-00094175-00094582 uh the point is that
dIrEapGsuho-00387-00094583-00094862 given that i mean a day is always 24
dIrEapGsuho-00388-00094863-00095294 hours we need to find a way to attract
dIrEapGsuho-00389-00095295-00095655 those contributors uh
dIrEapGsuho-00390-00095656-00095935 to make this extra step
dIrEapGsuho-00391-00095936-00096215 to decide to commit themselves for uh
dIrEapGsuho-00392-00096216-00096415 for the membership
dIrEapGsuho-00393-00096416-00096671 uh it's also interesting to see that
dIrEapGsuho-00394-00096672-00096967 there are people claiming uh uh thinking
dIrEapGsuho-00395-00096968-00097191 that they can't apply for the membership
dIrEapGsuho-00396-00097192-00097447 because they are not skilled enough
dIrEapGsuho-00397-00097448-00097687 marina you are very
dIrEapGsuho-00398-00097688-00097894 hard
dIrEapGsuho-00399-00097895-00098079 you are very hard to understand at the
dIrEapGsuho-00400-00098080-00098655 moment oh
dIrEapGsuho-00401-00098656-00098847 is it better or
dIrEapGsuho-00402-00098848-00099167 it was perfectly fine for me
dIrEapGsuho-00403-00099168-00099343 okay same here
dIrEapGsuho-00404-00099344-00099447 sorry
dIrEapGsuho-00405-00099448-00099694 okay
dIrEapGsuho-00406-00099695-00099831 okay
dIrEapGsuho-00407-00099832-00100055 so
dIrEapGsuho-00408-00100056-00100150 um
dIrEapGsuho-00409-00100151-00100423 yeah i was saying uh indeed the lack of
dIrEapGsuho-00410-00100424-00100623 skill the
dIrEapGsuho-00411-00100624-00100750 potential
dIrEapGsuho-00412-00100751-00100935 from better lack of skill
dIrEapGsuho-00413-00100936-00101126 could be something
dIrEapGsuho-00414-00101127-00101374 where we could try to
dIrEapGsuho-00415-00101375-00101543 to improve
dIrEapGsuho-00416-00101544-00101862 trying to clarify
dIrEapGsuho-00417-00101863-00102079 which are the needed
dIrEapGsuho-00418-00102080-00102282 contribution for
dIrEapGsuho-00419-00102283-00102606 um being a
dIrEapGsuho-00420-00102607-00102854 a tdf member
dIrEapGsuho-00421-00102855-00102942 then
dIrEapGsuho-00422-00102943-00103286 the other topic that is uh
dIrEapGsuho-00423-00103288-00103575 on our desk each day for
dIrEapGsuho-00424-00103576-00103871 from the last two years now of course
dIrEapGsuho-00425-00103872-00104110 there are several people that
dIrEapGsuho-00426-00104111-00104254 are
dIrEapGsuho-00427-00104255-00104342 not
dIrEapGsuho-00428-00104343-00104558 not a member anymore they dropped the
dIrEapGsuho-00429-00104559-00104775 membership because they were simply not
dIrEapGsuho-00430-00104776-00104895 able to
dIrEapGsuho-00431-00104896-00105166 contribute to other
dIrEapGsuho-00432-00105167-00105519 issues related to the pandemic
dIrEapGsuho-00433-00105520-00105990 there's also the lack of motivation
dIrEapGsuho-00434-00105991-00106247 and that one is connected with the
dIrEapGsuho-00435-00106248-00106599 points that i discussed before
dIrEapGsuho-00436-00106600-00106958 something that
dIrEapGsuho-00437-00106959-00107086 it's
dIrEapGsuho-00438-00107088-00107286 probably an area where we could try to
dIrEapGsuho-00439-00107288-00107599 investigate more is this a lack of
dIrEapGsuho-00440-00107600-00107758 positive feedback
dIrEapGsuho-00441-00107759-00107910 we will see that
dIrEapGsuho-00442-00107911-00108151 this seems to be a topic
dIrEapGsuho-00443-00108152-00108327 recurring also in
dIrEapGsuho-00444-00108328-00108454 another
dIrEapGsuho-00445-00108455-00108654 question that we asked in the in the
dIrEapGsuho-00446-00108655-00108823 survey
dIrEapGsuho-00447-00108824-00108925 and
dIrEapGsuho-00448-00108926-00109071 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00449-00109072-00109358 then
dIrEapGsuho-00450-00109359-00109702 okay there's there are simply cases of
dIrEapGsuho-00451-00109703-00109910 people that decided to not extend the
dIrEapGsuho-00452-00109911-00110166 membership and i mean it can happen
dIrEapGsuho-00453-00110167-00110407 people are changing uh and uh it's
dIrEapGsuho-00454-00110408-00110543 perfectly fine
dIrEapGsuho-00455-00110544-00110807 to decide
dIrEapGsuho-00456-00110808-00110943 that
dIrEapGsuho-00457-00110944-00111247 it's not
dIrEapGsuho-00458-00111248-00111534 a project or an activity that
dIrEapGsuho-00459-00111535-00111654 is uh
dIrEapGsuho-00460-00111655-00111910 relevant
dIrEapGsuho-00461-00111911-00112247 for the from the time being
dIrEapGsuho-00462-00112248-00112654 then there is a topic that
dIrEapGsuho-00463-00112655-00112886 it's also recovering in other
dIrEapGsuho-00464-00112888-00113158 discussions that we saw in the public
dIrEapGsuho-00465-00113159-00113319 list
dIrEapGsuho-00466-00113320-00113639 and so on and it's this uh
dIrEapGsuho-00467-00113640-00114039 a kind of uh contrast that um
dIrEapGsuho-00468-00114040-00114278 we are seeing between uh people that are
dIrEapGsuho-00469-00114279-00114663 uh uh volunteer and people that are uh
dIrEapGsuho-00470-00114664-00114758 also
dIrEapGsuho-00471-00114759-00114927 involved
dIrEapGsuho-00472-00114928-00115423 on
dIrEapGsuho-00473-00115424-00115727 on the job side let's say uh
dIrEapGsuho-00474-00115728-00115919 in in the project
dIrEapGsuho-00475-00115920-00116215 and probably also there uh
dIrEapGsuho-00476-00116216-00116486 it's a really the time to stress the
dIrEapGsuho-00477-00116488-00116663 topic that
dIrEapGsuho-00478-00116664-00117102 this community exists and can exist
dIrEapGsuho-00479-00117103-00117471 because uh we have volunteers we have uh
dIrEapGsuho-00480-00117472-00117623 investors we have
dIrEapGsuho-00481-00117624-00117886 companies
dIrEapGsuho-00482-00117888-00118134 involved in the in the project
dIrEapGsuho-00483-00118135-00118254 and that
dIrEapGsuho-00484-00118255-00118495 we can we can really work together we
dIrEapGsuho-00485-00118496-00118615 need to
dIrEapGsuho-00486-00118616-00118847 find a way to talk each other properly
dIrEapGsuho-00487-00118848-00118975 but
dIrEapGsuho-00488-00118976-00119083 we
dIrEapGsuho-00489-00119083-00119486 should understand that this
dIrEapGsuho-00490-00119488-00119734 cooperation it's it's important for for
dIrEapGsuho-00491-00119735-00119871 the future
dIrEapGsuho-00492-00119872-00120047 of the project
dIrEapGsuho-00493-00120048-00120166 and
dIrEapGsuho-00494-00120167-00120431 other people simply dropped the
dIrEapGsuho-00495-00120432-00120743 membership because of a disagreement
dIrEapGsuho-00496-00120744-00120934 with the government
dIrEapGsuho-00497-00120935-00121110 also this one it's another
dIrEapGsuho-00498-00121111-00121278 recurrent uh
dIrEapGsuho-00499-00121279-00121486 point
dIrEapGsuho-00500-00121488-00121883 expressed also in in other
dIrEapGsuho-00501-00121883-00122190 questions and
dIrEapGsuho-00502-00122191-00122478 it's a bit sad but there were people
dIrEapGsuho-00503-00122479-00122758 complaining that
dIrEapGsuho-00504-00122759-00122983 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00505-00122983-00123102 there are
dIrEapGsuho-00506-00123103-00123295 other members
dIrEapGsuho-00507-00123296-00123486 behaving
dIrEapGsuho-00508-00123488-00123695 in a way that
dIrEapGsuho-00509-00123696-00123831 is not
dIrEapGsuho-00510-00123832-00124078 proper for the community and they simply
dIrEapGsuho-00511-00124079-00124319 prefer to drop the membership
dIrEapGsuho-00512-00124320-00124575 instead of remaining uh in a normal
dIrEapGsuho-00513-00124576-00124727 project
dIrEapGsuho-00514-00124728-00124871 um
dIrEapGsuho-00515-00124872-00125007 i left
dIrEapGsuho-00516-00125008-00125078 the
dIrEapGsuho-00517-00125079-00125239 the other point uh
dIrEapGsuho-00518-00125240-00125575 as a last one not just because uh
dIrEapGsuho-00519-00125576-00125775 this one
dIrEapGsuho-00520-00125776-00125983 together with uh
dIrEapGsuho-00521-00125983-00126395 the clarification on how
dIrEapGsuho-00522-00126396-00126575 contributions
dIrEapGsuho-00523-00126576-00126719 are
dIrEapGsuho-00524-00126720-00127134 important and can
dIrEapGsuho-00525-00127135-00127454 can be accepted for for being a member
dIrEapGsuho-00526-00127455-00127766 we can't also
dIrEapGsuho-00527-00127767-00127878 forget
dIrEapGsuho-00528-00127879-00127983 that
dIrEapGsuho-00529-00127983-00128134 every member
dIrEapGsuho-00530-00128135-00128439 as a voice and every member
dIrEapGsuho-00531-00128440-00128702 can make the difference so the
dIrEapGsuho-00532-00128703-00128854 perception that
dIrEapGsuho-00533-00128855-00129078 a member can't do anything i can't
dIrEapGsuho-00534-00129079-00129383 change anything it's a perception that
dIrEapGsuho-00535-00129383-00129647 we should try to change
dIrEapGsuho-00536-00129648-00129966 so this was um
dIrEapGsuho-00537-00129967-00130047 i mean
dIrEapGsuho-00538-00130048-00130351 something was a bit of a surprise
dIrEapGsuho-00539-00130352-00130583 something else definitely no was quite
dIrEapGsuho-00540-00130583-00130719 expected
dIrEapGsuho-00541-00130720-00130807 but
dIrEapGsuho-00542-00130808-00131183 it's in any case starting to give us a
dIrEapGsuho-00543-00131184-00131311 an initial
dIrEapGsuho-00544-00131312-00131551 overview of
dIrEapGsuho-00545-00131552-00131814 the the members and the contributors
dIrEapGsuho-00546-00131815-00131943 that
dIrEapGsuho-00547-00131944-00132239 decided to invest their time in the
dIrEapGsuho-00548-00132240-00132383 subway
dIrEapGsuho-00549-00132384-00132790 and looking at those users
dIrEapGsuho-00550-00132791-00132959 we asked them
dIrEapGsuho-00551-00132960-00133135 for how long
dIrEapGsuho-00552-00133136-00133311 uh they are uh
dIrEapGsuho-00553-00133312-00133414 from
dIrEapGsuho-00554-00133415-00133735 from when they are contributors and uh
dIrEapGsuho-00555-00133736-00133927 uh from um
dIrEapGsuho-00556-00133928-00134231 how long they are contributing to
dIrEapGsuho-00557-00134232-00134527 to libreoffice and uh it's interesting
dIrEapGsuho-00558-00134528-00134847 to say that the majority are
dIrEapGsuho-00559-00134848-00135078 long-term contributors
dIrEapGsuho-00560-00135079-00135399 and that
dIrEapGsuho-00561-00135400-00135522 we have
dIrEapGsuho-00562-00135523-00135727 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00563-00135728-00135814 a
dIrEapGsuho-00564-00135815-00136095 small amount of
dIrEapGsuho-00565-00136096-00136231 people
dIrEapGsuho-00566-00136232-00136327 that are
dIrEapGsuho-00567-00136328-00136743 new contributors new joiners the
dIrEapGsuho-00568-00136744-00136863 part in
dIrEapGsuho-00569-00136864-00136975 pitch
dIrEapGsuho-00570-00136976-00137239 that that represents the
dIrEapGsuho-00571-00137240-00137551 less than one year
dIrEapGsuho-00572-00137552-00137823 so probably that one is another area
dIrEapGsuho-00573-00137824-00138047 where we should investigate a bit more
dIrEapGsuho-00574-00138048-00138247 trying to understand
dIrEapGsuho-00575-00138248-00138471 uh how to attract
dIrEapGsuho-00576-00138472-00138759 new people
dIrEapGsuho-00577-00138760-00139078 and this one is the area that they
dIrEapGsuho-00578-00139079-00139319 selected as a area where they are
dIrEapGsuho-00579-00139320-00139463 contributing
dIrEapGsuho-00580-00139464-00139743 in this case the answer was with
dIrEapGsuho-00581-00139744-00140054 multiple choices
dIrEapGsuho-00582-00140055-00140359 also for trying to guide a bit uh
dIrEapGsuho-00583-00140360-00140447 the
dIrEapGsuho-00584-00140448-00140719 users so on the possible
dIrEapGsuho-00585-00140720-00140895 areas
dIrEapGsuho-00586-00140896-00141254 that we are uh usually uh counting as a
dIrEapGsuho-00587-00141255-00141487 contribution areas
dIrEapGsuho-00588-00141488-00141766 uh and together with this part with
dIrEapGsuho-00589-00141767-00141927 multiple choices
dIrEapGsuho-00590-00141928-00142087 we were also
dIrEapGsuho-00591-00142088-00142231 giving
dIrEapGsuho-00592-00142232-00142351 leaving a
dIrEapGsuho-00593-00142352-00142566 in an open
dIrEapGsuho-00594-00142567-00142883 answer and context field for
dIrEapGsuho-00595-00142884-00143214 specifying something more in
dIrEapGsuho-00596-00143215-00143590 detail
dIrEapGsuho-00597-00143591-00143743 and
dIrEapGsuho-00598-00143744-00143911 in this case
dIrEapGsuho-00599-00143912-00144231 grouping a bit the
dIrEapGsuho-00600-00144232-00144519 contributions
dIrEapGsuho-00601-00144520-00144726 um
dIrEapGsuho-00602-00144727-00144911 some people were
dIrEapGsuho-00603-00144912-00145078 specifying
dIrEapGsuho-00604-00145079-00145414 how they are doing uh promotional and
dIrEapGsuho-00605-00145415-00145551 advocacy
dIrEapGsuho-00606-00145552-00145702 um
dIrEapGsuho-00607-00145703-00145887 there is uh uh
dIrEapGsuho-00608-00145888-00146326 again also in uh in this uh um in this
dIrEapGsuho-00609-00146327-00146687 part of the survey um the notes that
dIrEapGsuho-00610-00146688-00146926 people are working on training
dIrEapGsuho-00611-00146927-00147054 and
dIrEapGsuho-00612-00147055-00147311 training materials for for schools so
dIrEapGsuho-00613-00147312-00147559 again the education sector
dIrEapGsuho-00614-00147560-00147687 where
dIrEapGsuho-00615-00147688-00147951 it seems that we should
dIrEapGsuho-00616-00147952-00148199 focus a bit more
dIrEapGsuho-00617-00148200-00148383 there are also
dIrEapGsuho-00618-00148384-00148687 several answers on
dIrEapGsuho-00619-00148688-00149054 activities done on developmental qa
dIrEapGsuho-00620-00149055-00149151 and
dIrEapGsuho-00621-00149152-00149335 of course also the
dIrEapGsuho-00622-00149336-00149478 support
dIrEapGsuho-00623-00149479-00149583 to the
dIrEapGsuho-00624-00149584-00149871 community and in general to the
dIrEapGsuho-00625-00149872-00150119 libreoffice users
dIrEapGsuho-00626-00150120-00150302 so on these uh
dIrEapGsuho-00627-00150303-00150454 nothing really
dIrEapGsuho-00628-00150455-00150726 surprising it's less or more uh
dIrEapGsuho-00629-00150727-00150951 what we know about
dIrEapGsuho-00630-00150952-00151166 our community and back to the previous
dIrEapGsuho-00631-00151167-00151319 slide
dIrEapGsuho-00632-00151320-00151702 looking at the
dIrEapGsuho-00633-00151703-00151854 number of people
dIrEapGsuho-00634-00151855-00152151 working on the different areas
dIrEapGsuho-00635-00152152-00152439 these are indeed
dIrEapGsuho-00636-00152440-00152719 it's
dIrEapGsuho-00637-00152720-00153023 again and nothing really is surprising
dIrEapGsuho-00638-00153024-00153207 because uh
dIrEapGsuho-00639-00153208-00153439 we know for example that on uh
dIrEapGsuho-00640-00153440-00153614 infrastructure
dIrEapGsuho-00641-00153615-00153863 we are missing uh more people supporting
dIrEapGsuho-00642-00153864-00154071 uh the emphatima
dIrEapGsuho-00643-00154072-00154206 and
dIrEapGsuho-00644-00154207-00154343 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00645-00154344-00154614 we know that we have a lot of people
dIrEapGsuho-00646-00154615-00154951 doing uh some bug reporting uh
dIrEapGsuho-00647-00154952-00155454 before starting to go deeper into the qa
dIrEapGsuho-00648-00155455-00155654 contribution area
dIrEapGsuho-00649-00155655-00156014 so also this one reflect uh
dIrEapGsuho-00650-00156015-00156375 quite good i would say uh the
dIrEapGsuho-00651-00156376-00156654 uh the actual uh perception that uh that
dIrEapGsuho-00652-00156655-00156807 we have of our
dIrEapGsuho-00653-00156808-00157175 community
dIrEapGsuho-00654-00157176-00157343 and
dIrEapGsuho-00655-00157344-00157543 looking at the users
dIrEapGsuho-00656-00157544-00157854 so how much time they are spending on
dIrEapGsuho-00657-00157855-00158135 our project
dIrEapGsuho-00658-00158136-00158266 we have
dIrEapGsuho-00659-00158267-00158751 a big part of people filing this subway
dIrEapGsuho-00660-00158752-00158943 that are investing
dIrEapGsuho-00661-00158944-00159078 more than
dIrEapGsuho-00662-00159079-00159254 20 hours
dIrEapGsuho-00663-00159255-00159566 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00664-00159567-00159759 per week
dIrEapGsuho-00665-00159760-00159926 and
dIrEapGsuho-00666-00159927-00160471 this probably uh is related uh to
dIrEapGsuho-00667-00160472-00160823 people that are working on the project
dIrEapGsuho-00668-00160824-00161087 or people that are for example part of
dIrEapGsuho-00669-00161088-00161478 the team or the governance because
dIrEapGsuho-00670-00161479-00161719 i mean being a volunteer and investing
dIrEapGsuho-00671-00161720-00161959 more than 20 hours per week
dIrEapGsuho-00672-00161960-00162183 it's uh i mean it's starting to to be
dIrEapGsuho-00673-00162184-00162390 close to a real
dIrEapGsuho-00674-00162391-00162487 job
dIrEapGsuho-00675-00162488-00162639 but in any case
dIrEapGsuho-00676-00162640-00163023 the the majority of the
dIrEapGsuho-00677-00163024-00163254 people are answering this question
dIrEapGsuho-00678-00163255-00163383 it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-00679-00163384-00163551 still
dIrEapGsuho-00680-00163552-00163654 involved
dIrEapGsuho-00681-00163655-00163878 between one and
dIrEapGsuho-00682-00163879-00164054 ten hours
dIrEapGsuho-00683-00164055-00164238 per week
dIrEapGsuho-00684-00164239-00164359 the
dIrEapGsuho-00685-00164360-00164590 focus of this question was
dIrEapGsuho-00686-00164591-00164823 in the last three months
dIrEapGsuho-00687-00164824-00164951 and
dIrEapGsuho-00688-00164952-00165143 was not a random one
dIrEapGsuho-00689-00165144-00165254 but
dIrEapGsuho-00690-00165255-00165407 because
dIrEapGsuho-00691-00165408-00165751 these are three months framework uh from
dIrEapGsuho-00692-00165752-00166038 prem time it's exactly
dIrEapGsuho-00693-00166039-00166199 the
dIrEapGsuho-00694-00166200-00166414 amount of months that we are requiring
dIrEapGsuho-00695-00166415-00166543 for uh
dIrEapGsuho-00696-00166544-00166863 for the membership
dIrEapGsuho-00697-00166864-00167263 then the interesting part so
dIrEapGsuho-00698-00167264-00167631 top reasons for contributing
dIrEapGsuho-00699-00167632-00167730 and
dIrEapGsuho-00700-00167731-00167878 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00701-00167879-00168135 there is
dIrEapGsuho-00702-00168136-00168423 an amount of people uh that is
dIrEapGsuho-00703-00168424-00168638 contributing for uh
dIrEapGsuho-00704-00168639-00168863 improving the cv so it's not just the
dIrEapGsuho-00705-00168864-00169063 feedback that we got
dIrEapGsuho-00706-00169064-00169375 um also from uh from the other
dIrEapGsuho-00707-00169376-00169583 activities done
dIrEapGsuho-00708-00169584-00170038 for example this next generation
dIrEapGsuho-00709-00170039-00170151 group
dIrEapGsuho-00710-00170152-00170302 focused on
dIrEapGsuho-00711-00170303-00170519 on young people
dIrEapGsuho-00712-00170520-00170614 but
dIrEapGsuho-00713-00170615-00170702 that
dIrEapGsuho-00714-00170703-00170799 is
dIrEapGsuho-00715-00170800-00170951 from all the
dIrEapGsuho-00716-00170952-00171119 options
dIrEapGsuho-00717-00171120-00171326 the one that got
dIrEapGsuho-00718-00171327-00171566 less
dIrEapGsuho-00719-00171567-00171823 selections there are several people
dIrEapGsuho-00720-00171824-00171990 contributing because they are paid
dIrEapGsuho-00721-00171991-00172311 because they are making money with it
dIrEapGsuho-00722-00172312-00172647 and it's interesting uh to see that uh
dIrEapGsuho-00723-00172648-00172823 we have a uh
dIrEapGsuho-00724-00172824-00173031 people with the with the
dIrEapGsuho-00725-00173032-00173335 open source spirit so there is a problem
dIrEapGsuho-00726-00173336-00173423 uh
dIrEapGsuho-00727-00173424-00173695 i i can understand what is the problem i
dIrEapGsuho-00728-00173696-00173919 can fix it i
dIrEapGsuho-00729-00173920-00174183 i can do it by myself so i'm
dIrEapGsuho-00730-00174184-00174390 contributing directly with
dIrEapGsuho-00731-00174391-00174687 fixes on something that
dIrEapGsuho-00732-00174688-00174990 is affecting me directly and then
dIrEapGsuho-00733-00174991-00175271 we have the improvement of the skills uh
dIrEapGsuho-00734-00175272-00175511 the support for the local community and
dIrEapGsuho-00735-00175512-00175863 uh the general uh open source evangelism
dIrEapGsuho-00736-00175864-00176071 so those seems to be the
dIrEapGsuho-00737-00176072-00176231 uh main
dIrEapGsuho-00738-00176232-00176478 reasons uh that are bringing our
dIrEapGsuho-00739-00176479-00176807 contributors to to the project
dIrEapGsuho-00740-00176808-00176999 and
dIrEapGsuho-00741-00177000-00177247 for the for the reasons uh there was
dIrEapGsuho-00742-00177248-00177695 also in this case uh an open text
dIrEapGsuho-00743-00177696-00177887 to be to be used
dIrEapGsuho-00744-00177888-00178076 and
dIrEapGsuho-00745-00178077-00178214 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00746-00178215-00178375 the there are
dIrEapGsuho-00747-00178376-00178535 several
dIrEapGsuho-00748-00178536-00178663 um
dIrEapGsuho-00749-00178664-00178959 different areas where we aggregated
dIrEapGsuho-00750-00178960-00179166 those uh answers
dIrEapGsuho-00751-00179167-00179487 and uh yeah it seems that the project is
dIrEapGsuho-00752-00179488-00179583 still
dIrEapGsuho-00753-00179584-00179790 a funny one
dIrEapGsuho-00754-00179791-00179887 so
dIrEapGsuho-00755-00179888-00180231 several mentioned the
dIrEapGsuho-00756-00180232-00180438 contributions because they like the
dIrEapGsuho-00757-00180439-00180743 project because it's an opi because they
dIrEapGsuho-00758-00180744-00180878 like the people
dIrEapGsuho-00759-00180879-00181111 around the community so okay
dIrEapGsuho-00760-00181112-00181199 let's
dIrEapGsuho-00761-00181200-00181431 try to search
dIrEapGsuho-00762-00181432-00181638 to find also something
dIrEapGsuho-00763-00181639-00182083 positive in this retrospective
dIrEapGsuho-00764-00182084-00182326 and then of course there are people
dIrEapGsuho-00765-00182327-00182671 interested to development for several
dIrEapGsuho-00766-00182672-00182775 reasons
dIrEapGsuho-00767-00182776-00183166 uh there there are some that are
dIrEapGsuho-00768-00183167-00183502 doing the development because they
dIrEapGsuho-00769-00183503-00183735 enjoy to
dIrEapGsuho-00770-00183736-00184087 to develop something that is useful
dIrEapGsuho-00771-00184088-00184351 or
dIrEapGsuho-00772-00184352-00184614 others that
dIrEapGsuho-00773-00184615-00185047 like to to make a
dIrEapGsuho-00774-00185048-00185278 a great and strong open source
dIrEapGsuho-00775-00185279-00185423 alternative
dIrEapGsuho-00776-00185424-00185814 to microsoft office
dIrEapGsuho-00777-00185815-00185966 there is also
dIrEapGsuho-00778-00185967-00186326 an interesting amount of people uh happy
dIrEapGsuho-00779-00186327-00186535 to contribute because they can
dIrEapGsuho-00780-00186536-00186687 contribute back
dIrEapGsuho-00781-00186688-00187111 so probably those people from what they
dIrEapGsuho-00782-00187112-00187359 answered
dIrEapGsuho-00783-00187360-00187487 they were
dIrEapGsuho-00784-00187488-00187654 initially some
dIrEapGsuho-00785-00187655-00187990 let's say simple libreoffice users and
dIrEapGsuho-00786-00187991-00188263 then they they went uh
dIrEapGsuho-00787-00188264-00188471 deeply
dIrEapGsuho-00788-00188472-00188671 deciding to to
dIrEapGsuho-00789-00188672-00188783 give back
dIrEapGsuho-00790-00188784-00189071 something uh to to the project that was
dIrEapGsuho-00791-00189072-00189302 supporting them
dIrEapGsuho-00792-00189303-00189454 um
dIrEapGsuho-00793-00189455-00189735 volunteering uh advocating
dIrEapGsuho-00794-00189736-00189831 so
dIrEapGsuho-00795-00189832-00190014 knowledge sharing uh
dIrEapGsuho-00796-00190015-00190183 freedom
dIrEapGsuho-00797-00190184-00190599 and our old topic that
dIrEapGsuho-00798-00190600-00190790 are connected with the
dIrEapGsuho-00799-00190791-00190887 main
dIrEapGsuho-00800-00190888-00191054 they did top
dIrEapGsuho-00801-00191055-00191463 answer open source evangelist
dIrEapGsuho-00802-00191464-00191614 and
dIrEapGsuho-00803-00191615-00192231 the next question was uh about
dIrEapGsuho-00804-00192232-00192463 what tdf
dIrEapGsuho-00805-00192464-00192766 could do for making uh the contribution
dIrEapGsuho-00806-00192767-00193295 easier and in this case the amount of
dIrEapGsuho-00807-00193296-00193566 answer that we got was was really huge
dIrEapGsuho-00808-00193567-00193750 so um
dIrEapGsuho-00809-00193751-00194102 i i put the content directly in uh
dIrEapGsuho-00810-00194103-00194350 in a text for making it uh easier to
dIrEapGsuho-00811-00194351-00194590 read let me just switch
dIrEapGsuho-00812-00194591-00194902 so you should be able to see it
dIrEapGsuho-00813-00194903-00195047 if not please
dIrEapGsuho-00814-00195048-00195471 tell me
dIrEapGsuho-00815-00195472-00195607 should be fine
dIrEapGsuho-00816-00195608-00195719 okay
dIrEapGsuho-00817-00195720-00195990 so on this we have a several
dIrEapGsuho-00818-00195991-00196326 cluster where we aggregated the
dIrEapGsuho-00819-00196327-00196478 the areas
dIrEapGsuho-00820-00196479-00196638 the first one
dIrEapGsuho-00821-00196639-00196895 is the governance of the project
dIrEapGsuho-00822-00196896-00197287 then we have the local communities
dIrEapGsuho-00823-00197288-00197678 then we have the membership in general
dIrEapGsuho-00824-00197679-00197790 then there were some
dIrEapGsuho-00825-00197791-00197983 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-00826-00197984-00198263 feedback on the
dIrEapGsuho-00827-00198264-00198550 qae part of the project
dIrEapGsuho-00828-00198551-00198743 in general more in general on the
dIrEapGsuho-00829-00198744-00199023 development
dIrEapGsuho-00830-00199024-00199254 there was a
dIrEapGsuho-00831-00199255-00199495 something on the
dIrEapGsuho-00832-00199496-00199678 user experience
dIrEapGsuho-00833-00199679-00200214 and uh yeah it was a mainly the same
dIrEapGsuho-00834-00200215-00200495 answer shared
dIrEapGsuho-00835-00200496-00200647 several times
dIrEapGsuho-00836-00200648-00200735 so
dIrEapGsuho-00837-00200736-00201119 yeah i got this one is for europe
dIrEapGsuho-00838-00201120-00201263 and
dIrEapGsuho-00839-00201264-00201519 then certification marketing and
dIrEapGsuho-00840-00201520-00201671 advocacy
dIrEapGsuho-00841-00201672-00202071 the mentoring it's another huge batch of
dIrEapGsuho-00842-00202072-00202199 feedback
dIrEapGsuho-00843-00202200-00202511 documentation and translation
dIrEapGsuho-00844-00202512-00202750 and there was also someone simply happy
dIrEapGsuho-00845-00202751-00203102 with uh what is going on now so there
dIrEapGsuho-00846-00203103-00203502 were some um
dIrEapGsuho-00847-00203503-00203799 answers that were just stating uh i i'm
dIrEapGsuho-00848-00203800-00204102 fine with the with the current status
dIrEapGsuho-00849-00204103-00204375 so looking at the
dIrEapGsuho-00850-00204376-00204750 different cluster it's also good to see
dIrEapGsuho-00851-00204751-00205094 that some of the requests
dIrEapGsuho-00852-00205096-00205246 are already
dIrEapGsuho-00853-00205248-00205406 action items
dIrEapGsuho-00854-00205407-00205503 that
dIrEapGsuho-00855-00205504-00205894 are in progress or are planned so it's
dIrEapGsuho-00856-00205896-00206062 good to see that
dIrEapGsuho-00857-00206063-00206286 the feedback we are getting it's also in
dIrEapGsuho-00858-00206287-00206503 line with uh with what uh
dIrEapGsuho-00859-00206504-00206798 um has been planned so one example is
dIrEapGsuho-00860-00206800-00206982 the certification
dIrEapGsuho-00861-00206983-00207158 and uh
dIrEapGsuho-00862-00207159-00207455 there are several requests to have the
dIrEapGsuho-00863-00207456-00207710 certification for the end users for the
dIrEapGsuho-00864-00207711-00207814 students
dIrEapGsuho-00865-00207815-00208134 or in general for advanced users
dIrEapGsuho-00866-00208135-00208255 advanced
dIrEapGsuho-00867-00208256-00208519 instructor and the comment on that was
dIrEapGsuho-00868-00208519-00208790 more related to the teachers in the in
dIrEapGsuho-00869-00208791-00209079 the schools with this
dIrEapGsuho-00870-00209080-00209494 certification for being a trainer
dIrEapGsuho-00871-00209496-00209839 plus there were several requests on
dIrEapGsuho-00872-00209840-00210015 for having
dIrEapGsuho-00873-00210016-00210375 those kind of certifications
dIrEapGsuho-00874-00210376-00210567 made available
dIrEapGsuho-00875-00210567-00210751 in
dIrEapGsuho-00876-00210752-00211127 an online fashion in a automated
dIrEapGsuho-00877-00211128-00211351 way for
dIrEapGsuho-00878-00211352-00211598 making it possible and not extremely
dIrEapGsuho-00879-00211600-00211782 complex to get
dIrEapGsuho-00880-00211783-00212103 the certification
dIrEapGsuho-00881-00212104-00212198 the other
dIrEapGsuho-00882-00212200-00212382 big cluster
dIrEapGsuho-00883-00212383-00212598 it's
dIrEapGsuho-00884-00212600-00212791 the governance
dIrEapGsuho-00885-00212792-00212887 and
dIrEapGsuho-00886-00212888-00213158 on this the feedback are still
dIrEapGsuho-00887-00213159-00213319 not exactly
dIrEapGsuho-00888-00213319-00213446 exciting
dIrEapGsuho-00889-00213448-00213742 because we have a lot of
dIrEapGsuho-00890-00213744-00214110 people asking for uh more transparency
dIrEapGsuho-00891-00214111-00214279 for a better
dIrEapGsuho-00892-00214280-00214455 transparent
dIrEapGsuho-00893-00214456-00214606 governance
dIrEapGsuho-00894-00214607-00214798 strategy roadmap
dIrEapGsuho-00895-00214800-00214927 vision
dIrEapGsuho-00896-00214928-00215110 so it seems that
dIrEapGsuho-00897-00215111-00215431 we still need to focus on this area at
dIrEapGsuho-00898-00215432-00215798 least this one now is the
dIrEapGsuho-00899-00215800-00215998 the feeling i got reading the
dIrEapGsuho-00900-00216000-00216142 the answer
dIrEapGsuho-00901-00216144-00216575 uh there are still
dIrEapGsuho-00902-00216576-00216710 complaints
dIrEapGsuho-00903-00216711-00216894 on
dIrEapGsuho-00904-00216896-00217239 frictions and discussions that
dIrEapGsuho-00905-00217240-00217558 are going on in public and that
dIrEapGsuho-00906-00217559-00217831 maybe
dIrEapGsuho-00907-00217832-00217942 should be
dIrEapGsuho-00908-00217944-00218063 avoided
dIrEapGsuho-00909-00218064-00218191 or at least
dIrEapGsuho-00910-00218192-00218519 reduce them
dIrEapGsuho-00911-00218519-00218742 i found the interesting uh the requested
dIrEapGsuho-00912-00218744-00218927 to have a
dIrEapGsuho-00913-00218928-00219215 more visible data about the foundation
dIrEapGsuho-00914-00219216-00219351 and probably
dIrEapGsuho-00915-00219352-00219439 um
dIrEapGsuho-00916-00219440-00219671 connected together with other feedback
dIrEapGsuho-00917-00219671-00219887 that we got
dIrEapGsuho-00918-00219888-00220206 we could also try to to see if there's
dIrEapGsuho-00919-00220207-00220503 another way to make uh more visible the
dIrEapGsuho-00920-00220504-00220655 data that we are already publishing
dIrEapGsuho-00921-00220656-00220879 because i mean we have a diamond report
dIrEapGsuho-00922-00220880-00221198 uh we have all the financial uh
dIrEapGsuho-00923-00221200-00221519 details that are online so the data are
dIrEapGsuho-00924-00221519-00221639 available
dIrEapGsuho-00925-00221640-00221871 so probably people are not able to to
dIrEapGsuho-00926-00221871-00221967 find
dIrEapGsuho-00927-00221967-00222415 what we are making available to them
dIrEapGsuho-00928-00222416-00222758 there are also
dIrEapGsuho-00929-00222759-00222887 some
dIrEapGsuho-00930-00222888-00223103 conflicts that probably we need to
dIrEapGsuho-00931-00223104-00223334 investigate better uh with with the
dIrEapGsuho-00932-00223335-00223487 local community
dIrEapGsuho-00933-00223488-00223606 um
dIrEapGsuho-00934-00223607-00223798 because
dIrEapGsuho-00935-00223800-00224087 as you can see from
dIrEapGsuho-00936-00224088-00224303 these uh last
dIrEapGsuho-00937-00224304-00224655 part of the governance section
dIrEapGsuho-00938-00224656-00224791 um
dIrEapGsuho-00939-00224792-00224934 it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-00940-00224935-00225223 it's clear that there's a kind of
dIrEapGsuho-00941-00225223-00225367 friction
dIrEapGsuho-00942-00225367-00225510 between the
dIrEapGsuho-00943-00225511-00225767 the main international community and the
dIrEapGsuho-00944-00225767-00226094 local projects so i think it's good to
dIrEapGsuho-00945-00226096-00226319 invest the time on that and try to to
dIrEapGsuho-00946-00226319-00226398 see
dIrEapGsuho-00947-00226400-00226855 to understand what is going on
dIrEapGsuho-00948-00226856-00227055 the same applies to the local community
dIrEapGsuho-00949-00227056-00227319 it's a kind of uh extension there are a
dIrEapGsuho-00950-00227319-00227527 lot of comments
dIrEapGsuho-00951-00227528-00227710 on
dIrEapGsuho-00952-00227711-00228023 english perceived as a
dIrEapGsuho-00953-00228023-00228415 barrier for starting the contributions
dIrEapGsuho-00954-00228416-00228494 or
dIrEapGsuho-00955-00228496-00228742 the feeling that some other
dIrEapGsuho-00956-00228744-00228879 communities
dIrEapGsuho-00957-00228880-00228958 are
dIrEapGsuho-00958-00228959-00229039 not
dIrEapGsuho-00959-00229040-00229182 considered
dIrEapGsuho-00960-00229183-00229494 or valued enough
dIrEapGsuho-00961-00229496-00229671 there are comments about
dIrEapGsuho-00962-00229671-00229942 kind of toxic behaviors that are
dIrEapGsuho-00963-00229944-00230215 happening in the community so definitely
dIrEapGsuho-00964-00230216-00230463 this is something that
dIrEapGsuho-00965-00230464-00230751 we can't ignore and we should
dIrEapGsuho-00966-00230752-00231127 have a deeper look at
dIrEapGsuho-00967-00231128-00231327 um
dIrEapGsuho-00968-00231328-00231471 then
dIrEapGsuho-00969-00231471-00231694 this part on the membership is
dIrEapGsuho-00970-00231696-00232031 definitely for for dmc so action item
dIrEapGsuho-00971-00232032-00232158 taken
dIrEapGsuho-00972-00232159-00232398 uh it seems that there are a lot of
dIrEapGsuho-00973-00232400-00232823 people completely unaware of what is tdf
dIrEapGsuho-00974-00232823-00233119 what is a contribution
dIrEapGsuho-00975-00233119-00233382 how much someone should contribute for
dIrEapGsuho-00976-00233383-00233479 being
dIrEapGsuho-00977-00233480-00233694 able to apply for a membership
dIrEapGsuho-00978-00233696-00233903 there are people asking uh to have a
dIrEapGsuho-00979-00233904-00234127 guide on how to
dIrEapGsuho-00980-00234128-00234367 to be a member and how to contribute to
dIrEapGsuho-00981-00234367-00234551 the project
dIrEapGsuho-00982-00234552-00234782 so definitely this is
dIrEapGsuho-00983-00234783-00235023 an improvement
dIrEapGsuho-00984-00235023-00235406 that is sounding uh loud and clear
dIrEapGsuho-00985-00235407-00235542 and
dIrEapGsuho-00986-00235544-00235775 for the other area
dIrEapGsuho-00987-00235776-00235942 qa
dIrEapGsuho-00988-00235944-00236431 i think that the general summaries that
dIrEapGsuho-00989-00236432-00236734 there's a kind of disconnection between
dIrEapGsuho-00990-00236735-00237031 the qa team that is working hard because
dIrEapGsuho-00991-00237032-00237231 no one is complaining about what the
dIrEapGsuho-00992-00237232-00237423 team is doing
dIrEapGsuho-00993-00237423-00237519 but
dIrEapGsuho-00994-00237519-00237631 it seems that
dIrEapGsuho-00995-00237632-00237855 the team is really working hard but
dIrEapGsuho-00996-00237856-00238079 there's a kind of disconnection between
dIrEapGsuho-00997-00238080-00238294 the development phase
dIrEapGsuho-00998-00238296-00238655 what qa is then testing and trying to
dIrEapGsuho-00999-00238656-00238767 triage
dIrEapGsuho-01000-00238767-00238894 and
dIrEapGsuho-01001-00238896-00239167 the ending part of producing a
dIrEapGsuho-01002-00239167-00239398 documentation of
dIrEapGsuho-01003-00239400-00239606 what has been developed
dIrEapGsuho-01004-00239607-00239719 so
dIrEapGsuho-01005-00239719-00239998 yeah that was uh the feedback also from
dIrEapGsuho-01006-00240000-00240087 other
dIrEapGsuho-01007-00240088-00240182 um
dIrEapGsuho-01008-00240183-00240471 from other questions from other answers
dIrEapGsuho-01009-00240471-00240663 on development
dIrEapGsuho-01010-00240664-00241223 there's a huge list of uh suggestions
dIrEapGsuho-01011-00241223-00241734 some are probably already addressed or
dIrEapGsuho-01012-00241735-00241982 planned to be addressed
dIrEapGsuho-01013-00241983-00242119 but
dIrEapGsuho-01014-00242119-00242382 yeah there are definitely some pain
dIrEapGsuho-01015-00242383-00242615 points that
dIrEapGsuho-01016-00242616-00242719 could be
dIrEapGsuho-01017-00242719-00243255 discussed
dIrEapGsuho-01018-00243256-00243767 a bit more for um
dIrEapGsuho-01019-00243767-00244158 deciding how to how to act and how to
dIrEapGsuho-01020-00244159-00244246 solve
dIrEapGsuho-01021-00244248-00244423 the
dIrEapGsuho-01022-00244423-00244582 problem
dIrEapGsuho-01023-00244583-00244775 and
dIrEapGsuho-01024-00244776-00244946 another
dIrEapGsuho-01025-00244948-00245087 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01026-00245088-00245263 thing to twilight
dIrEapGsuho-01027-00245264-00245591 it's uh also the marketing and the
dIrEapGsuho-01028-00245592-00245742 advocacy
dIrEapGsuho-01029-00245744-00245903 um
dIrEapGsuho-01030-00245904-00246127 and the part it's also split in the
dIrEapGsuho-01031-00246128-00246310 mentoring section
dIrEapGsuho-01032-00246311-00246582 so the general uh
dIrEapGsuho-01033-00246583-00246846 feedback is that we have a lot of
dIrEapGsuho-01034-00246848-00247055 materials we have a lot of information
dIrEapGsuho-01035-00247056-00247246 that are split
dIrEapGsuho-01036-00247248-00247319 and
dIrEapGsuho-01037-00247319-00247630 fragmented in several different places
dIrEapGsuho-01038-00247631-00247815 and for
dIrEapGsuho-01039-00247816-00248239 a new contributor is uh still not easy
dIrEapGsuho-01040-00248240-00248551 to understand from where to start and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01041-00248552-00248855 which is the right path for starting uh
dIrEapGsuho-01042-00248856-00249094 slow until uh
dIrEapGsuho-01043-00249096-00249446 there's enough confidence for
dIrEapGsuho-01044-00249448-00249998 moving up on a more complex task
dIrEapGsuho-01045-00250000-00250255 yeah and this one it's
dIrEapGsuho-01046-00250256-00250455 less or more
dIrEapGsuho-01047-00250456-00250703 what has been shared also for mentoring
dIrEapGsuho-01048-00250704-00251006 there is a again a dimension to
dIrEapGsuho-01049-00251007-00251215 work without the education sector
dIrEapGsuho-01050-00251216-00251534 without with schools with the university
dIrEapGsuho-01051-00251535-00251823 so this seems to be a request
dIrEapGsuho-01052-00251823-00251967 coming from
dIrEapGsuho-01053-00251967-00252167 different areas
dIrEapGsuho-01054-00252167-00252303 and the same applies to the
dIrEapGsuho-01055-00252304-00252551 recommendation
dIrEapGsuho-01056-00252552-00252767 there's
dIrEapGsuho-01057-00252767-00253110 the need at least looks like that
dIrEapGsuho-01058-00253111-00253327 to improve
dIrEapGsuho-01059-00253328-00253623 to provide the more and more guides also
dIrEapGsuho-01060-00253623-00253734 in
dIrEapGsuho-01061-00253735-00253975 in languages that are not
dIrEapGsuho-01062-00253976-00254094 english
dIrEapGsuho-01063-00254096-00254239 for
dIrEapGsuho-01064-00254240-00254527 lowering the barrier for starting to use
dIrEapGsuho-01065-00254528-00254846 the product in software but also to
dIrEapGsuho-01066-00254848-00255151 start to contribute
dIrEapGsuho-01067-00255152-00255239 and
dIrEapGsuho-01068-00255240-00255679 this one it's less more the overview of
dIrEapGsuho-01069-00255680-00255903 these improving part
dIrEapGsuho-01070-00255904-00256167 of course the document will be shared
dIrEapGsuho-01071-00256167-00256382 together with the presentation so we can
dIrEapGsuho-01072-00256383-00256679 also do a deeper analysis
dIrEapGsuho-01073-00256680-00256967 together
dIrEapGsuho-01074-00256967-00257000 then
dIrEapGsuho-01075-00257001-00257158 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01076-00257159-00257863 let me go back to the presentation
dIrEapGsuho-01077-00257864-00258703 that's i hope to not destroy
dIrEapGsuho-01078-00258704-00259119 just a second
dIrEapGsuho-01079-00259119-00259471 yeah so it's this one
dIrEapGsuho-01080-00259471-00259710 bright slide sorry
dIrEapGsuho-01081-00259711-00259958 okay
dIrEapGsuho-01082-00259959-00260073 so um
dIrEapGsuho-01083-00260073-00260271 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01084-00260271-00260671 those are the areas that people are
dIrEapGsuho-01085-00260671-00260855 asking to
dIrEapGsuho-01086-00260856-00261015 to see more focus
dIrEapGsuho-01087-00261016-00261134 and
dIrEapGsuho-01088-00261135-00261263 improvement
dIrEapGsuho-01089-00261264-00261446 so development
dIrEapGsuho-01090-00261448-00261630 qa
dIrEapGsuho-01091-00261631-00261991 then it's almost comparable with the
dIrEapGsuho-01092-00261992-00262239 amount of people that are asking to
dIrEapGsuho-01093-00262240-00262406 to to make
dIrEapGsuho-01094-00262407-00262743 our community growing and evolving
dIrEapGsuho-01095-00262744-00262967 and then we have a business and
dIrEapGsuho-01096-00262968-00263110 marketing and
dIrEapGsuho-01097-00263111-00263351 the last in the list it's
dIrEapGsuho-01098-00263352-00263695 diversity
dIrEapGsuho-01099-00263696-00263999 on these i want to point out something
dIrEapGsuho-01100-00264000-00264230 else with with another slider when we
dIrEapGsuho-01101-00264231-00264401 will have a look at the
dIrEapGsuho-01102-00264402-00264510 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01103-00264511-00264934 demographic of this survey but it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-01104-00264935-00265175 it's interesting uh in any case to
dIrEapGsuho-01105-00265176-00265391 look at this list and try to keep in
dIrEapGsuho-01106-00265392-00265471 mind
dIrEapGsuho-01107-00265472-00265806 uh the the order if you if you can
dIrEapGsuho-01108-00265807-00265910 um
dIrEapGsuho-01109-00265911-00266255 then on the survey we asked
dIrEapGsuho-01110-00266256-00266375 if
dIrEapGsuho-01111-00266376-00266695 the the person that was filing the
dIrEapGsuho-01112-00266696-00266991 survey was aware of other open source
dIrEapGsuho-01113-00266992-00267103 projects
dIrEapGsuho-01114-00267104-00267351 in the same country so
dIrEapGsuho-01115-00267352-00267639 the idea was to try to understand
dIrEapGsuho-01116-00267640-00267727 if
dIrEapGsuho-01117-00267728-00267919 was possible to
dIrEapGsuho-01118-00267920-00268215 to to build to start some cooperation
dIrEapGsuho-01119-00268216-00268415 with other projects
dIrEapGsuho-01120-00268416-00268623 uh working in the same country for
dIrEapGsuho-01121-00268624-00268967 trying to foster a bit more uh
dIrEapGsuho-01122-00268968-00269230 the project in countries where in
dIrEapGsuho-01123-00269231-00269423 general we are not really stronger we
dIrEapGsuho-01124-00269424-00269582 are not really present
dIrEapGsuho-01125-00269583-00269758 but um
dIrEapGsuho-01126-00269759-00269830 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01127-00269831-00269975 it seems that
dIrEapGsuho-01128-00269976-00270279 the question was not
dIrEapGsuho-01129-00270280-00270647 understood properly so maybe for uh
dIrEapGsuho-01130-00270648-00270806 um
dIrEapGsuho-01131-00270807-00271103 for a next
dIrEapGsuho-01132-00271104-00271358 round of survey
dIrEapGsuho-01133-00271359-00271543 we could also try to
dIrEapGsuho-01134-00271544-00271727 provide
dIrEapGsuho-01135-00271728-00271910 some more uh description on the
dIrEapGsuho-01136-00271911-00272247 questions try to clarify what we are uh
dIrEapGsuho-01137-00272248-00272487 really asking that the to the people of
dIrEapGsuho-01138-00272488-00272630 filing the
dIrEapGsuho-01139-00272631-00272830 uh the survey
dIrEapGsuho-01140-00272831-00273127 and yes this is really the
dIrEapGsuho-01141-00273128-00273375 list of answers that we got on
dIrEapGsuho-01142-00273376-00273441 on this
dIrEapGsuho-01143-00273442-00273591 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01144-00273592-00273927 on this question
dIrEapGsuho-01145-00273928-00274127 looking at the demographic
dIrEapGsuho-01146-00274128-00274375 so
dIrEapGsuho-01147-00274376-00274487 the goal
dIrEapGsuho-01148-00274488-00274895 of the first question was to understand
dIrEapGsuho-01149-00274896-00275030 which are
dIrEapGsuho-01150-00275031-00275319 the country where we have already some
dIrEapGsuho-01151-00275320-00275534 members some contributors for
dIrEapGsuho-01152-00275535-00275951 understanding a bit where to focus
dIrEapGsuho-01153-00275952-00276327 this is the answer that uh that we got
dIrEapGsuho-01154-00276328-00276519 from people
dIrEapGsuho-01155-00276520-00276671 and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01156-00276672-00276919 um reading the
dIrEapGsuho-01157-00276920-00277055 replies
dIrEapGsuho-01158-00277056-00277143 uh
dIrEapGsuho-01159-00277144-00277423 we also got that probably we made a
dIrEapGsuho-01160-00277424-00277591 mistake
dIrEapGsuho-01161-00277592-00277910 because we were asking for the country
dIrEapGsuho-01162-00277911-00278199 where a person is living and
dIrEapGsuho-01163-00278200-00278439 the next question was focused on the
dIrEapGsuho-01164-00278440-00278582 language
dIrEapGsuho-01165-00278583-00278951 spoken by the person try to understand
dIrEapGsuho-01166-00278952-00279030 if
dIrEapGsuho-01167-00279031-00279343 there was the possibility to integrate
dIrEapGsuho-01168-00279344-00279503 different uh
dIrEapGsuho-01169-00279504-00279782 local communities that are making maybe
dIrEapGsuho-01170-00279783-00280063 speaking different languages trying to
dIrEapGsuho-01171-00280064-00280279 build us some synergies
dIrEapGsuho-01172-00280280-00280406 um
dIrEapGsuho-01173-00280407-00280543 etc
dIrEapGsuho-01174-00280544-00280871 defined is that probably the question
dIrEapGsuho-01175-00280872-00281023 done in this way
dIrEapGsuho-01176-00281024-00281399 uh was a kind of
dIrEapGsuho-01177-00281400-00281703 kind of boomerang let's say because uh
dIrEapGsuho-01178-00281704-00281943 um specifying
dIrEapGsuho-01179-00281944-00282230 uh where a person is living and then on
dIrEapGsuho-01180-00282231-00282503 the languages that this person is
dIrEapGsuho-01181-00282504-00282615 speaking
dIrEapGsuho-01182-00282616-00282839 is creating
dIrEapGsuho-01183-00282840-00282934 is a
dIrEapGsuho-01184-00282935-00283158 sharing too much details to too many
dIrEapGsuho-01185-00283159-00283391 details on on the person that is filing
dIrEapGsuho-01186-00283392-00283703 the question and looking at the raw data
dIrEapGsuho-01187-00283704-00283967 um the number of people that skipped
dIrEapGsuho-01188-00283968-00284319 those questions about the country and
dIrEapGsuho-01189-00284320-00284639 the language was definitely um higher
dIrEapGsuho-01190-00284640-00284934 than all the other in the in the subway
dIrEapGsuho-01191-00284935-00285015 so
dIrEapGsuho-01192-00285016-00285503 probably we need to find another way for
dIrEapGsuho-01193-00285504-00285727 trying to understand where
dIrEapGsuho-01194-00285728-00285854 our community
dIrEapGsuho-01195-00285855-00286167 is already and where we could do more in
dIrEapGsuho-01196-00286168-00286334 any case
dIrEapGsuho-01197-00286335-00286463 it's
dIrEapGsuho-01198-00286464-00286623 interesting to see that
dIrEapGsuho-01199-00286624-00286879 a lot of people
dIrEapGsuho-01200-00286880-00287151 that are living in spain
dIrEapGsuho-01201-00287152-00287319 this doesn't mean that they are spanish
dIrEapGsuho-01202-00287320-00287575 but that are living in spain uh
dIrEapGsuho-01203-00287576-00287719 argentina
dIrEapGsuho-01204-00287720-00287791 uh
dIrEapGsuho-01205-00287792-00287879 are
dIrEapGsuho-01206-00287880-00287999 the
dIrEapGsuho-01207-00288000-00288254 the one that are filing uh more this
dIrEapGsuho-01208-00288255-00288495 survey also for the other questions we
dIrEapGsuho-01209-00288496-00288719 got really a lot of feedback from
dIrEapGsuho-01210-00288720-00288863 people uh
dIrEapGsuho-01211-00288864-00289215 from the ispan community so it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-01212-00289216-00289415 interesting to see probably
dIrEapGsuho-01213-00289416-00289582 gustavo was
dIrEapGsuho-01214-00289583-00289854 doing a good marketing on
dIrEapGsuho-01215-00289855-00290087 the hispano community for uh for this
dIrEapGsuho-01216-00290088-00290199 rpa
dIrEapGsuho-01217-00290200-00290399 but yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01218-00290400-00290606 and for the languages
dIrEapGsuho-01219-00290607-00290775 um
dIrEapGsuho-01220-00290776-00291054 we decided to give
dIrEapGsuho-01221-00291055-00291351 an open tax field for avoiding two forts
dIrEapGsuho-01222-00291352-00291510 people
dIrEapGsuho-01223-00291511-00291758 to some
dIrEapGsuho-01224-00291759-00291999 stricter selection of languages
dIrEapGsuho-01225-00292000-00292295 available also for trying to understand
dIrEapGsuho-01226-00292296-00292671 if there were other
dIrEapGsuho-01227-00292672-00292927 other minor languages that we are not
dIrEapGsuho-01228-00292928-00293054 covering
dIrEapGsuho-01229-00293055-00293295 and uh this resulted in a kind of
dIrEapGsuho-01230-00293296-00293630 boomerang again because uh here we are
dIrEapGsuho-01231-00293631-00294030 showing just the um results where there
dIrEapGsuho-01232-00294031-00294327 is at least more than one
dIrEapGsuho-01233-00294328-00294639 person that was uh adding uh these
dIrEapGsuho-01234-00294640-00294791 options
dIrEapGsuho-01235-00294792-00295127 but we got really a lot of uh people
dIrEapGsuho-01236-00295128-00295287 specifying
dIrEapGsuho-01237-00295288-00295471 um
dIrEapGsuho-01238-00295472-00295623 just the
dIrEapGsuho-01239-00295624-00295782 um
dIrEapGsuho-01240-00295783-00295903 um
dIrEapGsuho-01241-00295904-00296079 some different languages
dIrEapGsuho-01242-00296080-00296287 where they were the unique one filing
dIrEapGsuho-01243-00296288-00296647 the uh sarbane in that way
dIrEapGsuho-01244-00296648-00296934 so probably something to to refine maybe
dIrEapGsuho-01245-00296935-00297279 for the next round of the of the survey
dIrEapGsuho-01246-00297280-00297406 the
dIrEapGsuho-01247-00297407-00297687 thing to highlight is that
dIrEapGsuho-01248-00297688-00297999 we have a lot of
dIrEapGsuho-01249-00298000-00298334 people filing the survey and specifying
dIrEapGsuho-01250-00298335-00298567 a language that
dIrEapGsuho-01251-00298568-00298734 is not also
dIrEapGsuho-01252-00298735-00299054 including english and so for example
dIrEapGsuho-01253-00299055-00299263 people specifying only that they can
dIrEapGsuho-01254-00299264-00299534 speak spanish so the the the other
dIrEapGsuho-01255-00299535-00299751 comment on the
dIrEapGsuho-01256-00299752-00300287 english as a barrier uh seems to be also
dIrEapGsuho-01257-00300288-00300527 confirmed by these uh this other
dIrEapGsuho-01258-00300528-00300623 question
dIrEapGsuho-01259-00300624-00301006 uh we have the same also for uh
dIrEapGsuho-01260-00301007-00301082 for
dIrEapGsuho-01261-00301083-00301454 other um people filing uh the
dIrEapGsuho-01262-00301455-00301647 language list with uh
dIrEapGsuho-01263-00301648-00301879 japanese and uh something else for
dIrEapGsuho-01264-00301880-00301991 example
dIrEapGsuho-01265-00301992-00302110 so
dIrEapGsuho-01266-00302111-00302423 definitely we we need to check better
dIrEapGsuho-01267-00302424-00302551 how we can
dIrEapGsuho-01268-00302552-00302647 improve
dIrEapGsuho-01269-00302648-00302854 the interactions between
dIrEapGsuho-01270-00302855-00303127 the the main international community and
dIrEapGsuho-01271-00303128-00303375 the local communities where
dIrEapGsuho-01272-00303376-00303639 the local community is not really
dIrEapGsuho-01273-00303640-00303975 able to to interact with uh with the
dIrEapGsuho-01274-00303976-00304358 international community in english
dIrEapGsuho-01275-00304359-00304543 and um
dIrEapGsuho-01276-00304544-00304743 then there was another question asking
dIrEapGsuho-01277-00304744-00304887 about
dIrEapGsuho-01278-00304888-00305054 the
dIrEapGsuho-01279-00305055-00305334 the availability of libreoffice in the
dIrEapGsuho-01280-00305335-00305503 spoken language
dIrEapGsuho-01281-00305504-00305671 and
dIrEapGsuho-01282-00305672-00305943 this is a kind of summary of the answer
dIrEapGsuho-01283-00305944-00306047 that we got
dIrEapGsuho-01284-00306048-00306271 this one was another open question
dIrEapGsuho-01285-00306272-00306406 so
dIrEapGsuho-01286-00306407-00306663 people saying that yes it's available
dIrEapGsuho-01287-00306664-00306999 but it's hard to to set up
dIrEapGsuho-01288-00307000-00307087 the
dIrEapGsuho-01289-00307088-00307254 the product in a different language
dIrEapGsuho-01290-00307255-00307487 someone else was suggesting that could
dIrEapGsuho-01291-00307488-00307663 be nice to have
dIrEapGsuho-01292-00307664-00307903 this witch of language
dIrEapGsuho-01293-00307904-00307991 done
dIrEapGsuho-01294-00307992-00308151 live
dIrEapGsuho-01295-00308152-00308439 instead of being forced to
dIrEapGsuho-01296-00308440-00308727 reboot
dIrEapGsuho-01297-00308728-00309071 libreoffice
dIrEapGsuho-01298-00309072-00309343 several are commenting that
dIrEapGsuho-01299-00309344-00309463 the
dIrEapGsuho-01300-00309464-00309679 pro the product is available in the
dIrEapGsuho-01301-00309680-00309895 local language but the support is better
dIrEapGsuho-01302-00309896-00310287 in english or that there are partial
dIrEapGsuho-01303-00310288-00310430 translations
dIrEapGsuho-01304-00310431-00310630 missing locales
dIrEapGsuho-01305-00310631-00310871 or in general that other
dIrEapGsuho-01306-00310872-00311134 let's say minor languages are not really
dIrEapGsuho-01307-00311135-00311391 completely translated and
dIrEapGsuho-01308-00311392-00311558 this is making a
dIrEapGsuho-01309-00311559-00311854 of course liberty office not really
dIrEapGsuho-01310-00311855-00312119 a great experience for
dIrEapGsuho-01311-00312120-00312471 for those users
dIrEapGsuho-01312-00312472-00312630 then
dIrEapGsuho-01313-00312631-00312871 uh we said before
dIrEapGsuho-01314-00312872-00313143 that one of the focus was also
dIrEapGsuho-01315-00313144-00313271 to try to
dIrEapGsuho-01316-00313272-00313575 look at the diversity of our community
dIrEapGsuho-01317-00313576-00313927 and yeah this is uh loud and clear
dIrEapGsuho-01318-00313928-00314063 stating uh
dIrEapGsuho-01319-00314064-00314319 uh how the
dIrEapGsuho-01320-00314320-00314479 people that uh
dIrEapGsuho-01321-00314480-00314654 our community or in any case the people
dIrEapGsuho-01322-00314655-00314847 that were filing
dIrEapGsuho-01323-00314848-00314919 the
dIrEapGsuho-01324-00314920-00315327 salve that were answering the survey
dIrEapGsuho-01325-00315328-00315534 are in
dIrEapGsuho-01326-00315535-00315854 in our community and uh the majority
dIrEapGsuho-01327-00315855-00315982 it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-01328-00315983-00316223 uh it's male so
dIrEapGsuho-01329-00316224-00316406 one before i was saying
dIrEapGsuho-01330-00316407-00316679 yeah looking at the priority
dIrEapGsuho-01331-00316680-00316919 with people asking to not focus on
dIrEapGsuho-01332-00316920-00317230 diversity and then
dIrEapGsuho-01333-00317231-00317439 discovering that the majority of those
dIrEapGsuho-01334-00317440-00317551 people are
dIrEapGsuho-01335-00317552-00317734 just from
dIrEapGsuho-01336-00317735-00317943 one specific
dIrEapGsuho-01337-00317944-00318127 gender
dIrEapGsuho-01338-00318128-00318319 this is probably
dIrEapGsuho-01339-00318320-00318454 something that
dIrEapGsuho-01340-00318455-00318767 is putting that priority list
dIrEapGsuho-01341-00318768-00319271 under a different light
dIrEapGsuho-01342-00319272-00319615 there's uh yeah that's a lot to do it's
dIrEapGsuho-01343-00319616-00319767 uh
dIrEapGsuho-01344-00319768-00319934 what else i can say
dIrEapGsuho-01345-00319935-00320223 uh maybe uh as we we were discussing
dIrEapGsuho-01346-00320224-00320439 yesterday with uh with uh thorstein
dIrEapGsuho-01347-00320440-00320582 during the
dIrEapGsuho-01348-00320583-00320782 google summer of
dIrEapGsuho-01349-00320783-00321030 could be also interesting to try to look
dIrEapGsuho-01350-00321031-00321175 at other
dIrEapGsuho-01351-00321176-00321582 mentoring programs for trying to be in
dIrEapGsuho-01352-00321583-00321815 programs where we are
dIrEapGsuho-01353-00321816-00322110 we we are not usually visible
dIrEapGsuho-01354-00322111-00322423 and maybe this could be could be a way
dIrEapGsuho-01355-00322424-00322799 to to have a better balance and
dIrEapGsuho-01356-00322800-00322982 please don't get me wrong it's not that
dIrEapGsuho-01357-00322983-00323223 i'm looking at
dIrEapGsuho-01358-00323224-00323447 a higher amount of
dIrEapGsuho-01359-00323448-00323767 female for example in the community for
dIrEapGsuho-01360-00323768-00323910 the sickness of
dIrEapGsuho-01361-00323911-00324087 increasing that number
dIrEapGsuho-01362-00324088-00324343 uh having a
dIrEapGsuho-01363-00324344-00324806 a diverse community it's also a way to
dIrEapGsuho-01364-00324807-00325191 to make the community um evolving
dIrEapGsuho-01365-00325192-00325358 bringing a different point of view
dIrEapGsuho-01366-00325359-00325695 different way to think in the same uh
dIrEapGsuho-01367-00325696-00325863 under the same team under the same
dIrEapGsuho-01368-00325864-00325967 project
dIrEapGsuho-01369-00325968-00326103 so
dIrEapGsuho-01370-00326104-00326399 it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-01371-00326400-00326615 don't get me wrong i'm
dIrEapGsuho-01372-00326616-00326767 not just uh
dIrEapGsuho-01373-00326768-00326934 pushing this topic
dIrEapGsuho-01374-00326935-00327295 uh because uh i'm just doing some uh
dIrEapGsuho-01375-00327296-00327415 where the
dIrEapGsuho-01376-00327416-00327743 uh war
dIrEapGsuho-01377-00327744-00327982 for uh
dIrEapGsuho-01378-00327983-00328199 extremes
dIrEapGsuho-01379-00328200-00328399 and um
dIrEapGsuho-01380-00328400-00328575 compared with these
dIrEapGsuho-01381-00328576-00328678 we have
dIrEapGsuho-01382-00328679-00328927 also the question related to the
dIrEapGsuho-01383-00328928-00329151 educational level
dIrEapGsuho-01384-00329152-00329503 so our community is mainly made by may
dIrEapGsuho-01385-00329504-00329647 like we said
dIrEapGsuho-01386-00329648-00329727 that
dIrEapGsuho-01387-00329728-00329839 have a
dIrEapGsuho-01388-00329840-00330351 a bachelor degree or a master's degree
dIrEapGsuho-01389-00330352-00330663 then we have a high school and i would
dIrEapGsuho-01390-00330664-00331134 say phd so in any case people with
dIrEapGsuho-01391-00331135-00331575 quite a high education level
dIrEapGsuho-01392-00331576-00331839 and
dIrEapGsuho-01393-00331840-00332071 yep
dIrEapGsuho-01394-00332072-00332430 but looking at
dIrEapGsuho-01395-00332431-00332751 at the educational level i think we are
dIrEapGsuho-01396-00332752-00332927 really missing uh
dIrEapGsuho-01397-00332928-00333199 uh other
dIrEapGsuho-01398-00333200-00333415 catholic or other
dIrEapGsuho-01399-00333416-00333703 users that could have a different needs
dIrEapGsuho-01400-00333704-00333863 for example
dIrEapGsuho-01401-00333864-00334215 because they don't have access to a high
dIrEapGsuho-01402-00334216-00334534 level of instruction so probably this is
dIrEapGsuho-01403-00334535-00334703 also something
dIrEapGsuho-01404-00334704-00335078 where we could try to look at
dIrEapGsuho-01405-00335079-00335199 and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01406-00335200-00335519 always on the demographic we have uh the
dIrEapGsuho-01407-00335520-00335806 the age of our members
dIrEapGsuho-01408-00335807-00335910 and
dIrEapGsuho-01409-00335911-00336182 yeah we are you know community there's
dIrEapGsuho-01410-00336183-00336367 nothing else to happen
dIrEapGsuho-01411-00336368-00336463 the
dIrEapGsuho-01412-00336464-00336782 chart is quite clear
dIrEapGsuho-01413-00336783-00336951 the the range
dIrEapGsuho-01414-00336952-00337399 under 16 or between 16 and 18 it's
dIrEapGsuho-01415-00337400-00337710 definitely too small and
dIrEapGsuho-01416-00337711-00337999 that it's also the range where we could
dIrEapGsuho-01417-00338000-00338078 get
dIrEapGsuho-01418-00338079-00338303 much more uh
dIrEapGsuho-01419-00338304-00338527 contributors because usually they are at
dIrEapGsuho-01420-00338528-00338878 school they have a much more free time
dIrEapGsuho-01421-00338879-00339151 and uh yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01422-00339152-00339375 we should uh
dIrEapGsuho-01423-00339376-00339727 focus on that it's uh yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01424-00339728-00340199 i'm in the section of the older so yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01425-00340200-00340463 nothing else to want
dIrEapGsuho-01426-00340464-00340719 there was a section with the open
dIrEapGsuho-01427-00340720-00340934 comments
dIrEapGsuho-01428-00340935-00341239 and also for this one we got really a
dIrEapGsuho-01429-00341240-00341623 huge list of uh open comments it was
dIrEapGsuho-01430-00341624-00341967 just the closing of the of the subway so
dIrEapGsuho-01431-00341968-00342254 let me show you
dIrEapGsuho-01432-00342255-00342343 the
dIrEapGsuho-01433-00342344-00342806 the document that is this one
dIrEapGsuho-01434-00342807-00343078 should be readable i hope
dIrEapGsuho-01435-00343079-00343295 let me start with the positive we have
dIrEapGsuho-01436-00343296-00343758 one page of positive comments so thanks
dIrEapGsuho-01437-00343759-00343999 there's a huge amount of people saying
dIrEapGsuho-01438-00344000-00344119 thanks
dIrEapGsuho-01439-00344120-00344423 that uh it's not so bad
dIrEapGsuho-01440-00344424-00344815 but the document has three pages and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01441-00344816-00345167 apart from this uh least uh huge list of
dIrEapGsuho-01442-00345168-00345454 uh thank you and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01443-00345455-00345678 happy and satisfied people
dIrEapGsuho-01444-00345679-00345903 we also have
dIrEapGsuho-01445-00345904-00346199 a lot of areas where we should try to to
dIrEapGsuho-01446-00346200-00346454 work on on improvements
dIrEapGsuho-01447-00346455-00346839 uh there's uh something that has been
dIrEapGsuho-01448-00346840-00347071 already addressed and of course this one
dIrEapGsuho-01449-00347072-00347175 was uh
dIrEapGsuho-01450-00347176-00347454 uh popping to my mind that just because
dIrEapGsuho-01451-00347455-00347591 we have this
dIrEapGsuho-01452-00347592-00347815 ongoing development of the new
dIrEapGsuho-01453-00347816-00348015 uh tool for the for the membership
dIrEapGsuho-01454-00348016-00348247 committee for handling the membership
dIrEapGsuho-01455-00348248-00348439 and that this is something that we
dIrEapGsuho-01456-00348440-00348582 already addressed
dIrEapGsuho-01457-00348583-00348823 so it's uh it's a good feedback in any
dIrEapGsuho-01458-00348824-00349063 case to see that it was not just
dIrEapGsuho-01459-00349064-00349319 us thinking that
dIrEapGsuho-01460-00349320-00349495 was uh better to
dIrEapGsuho-01461-00349496-00349719 remove this uh forced
dIrEapGsuho-01462-00349720-00350134 uh summation for the registration form
dIrEapGsuho-01463-00350135-00350295 um
dIrEapGsuho-01464-00350296-00350519 apart from that
dIrEapGsuho-01465-00350520-00350734 there are
dIrEapGsuho-01466-00350735-00350919 still
dIrEapGsuho-01467-00350920-00351375 comments on
dIrEapGsuho-01468-00351376-00351727 suggesting to focus more on
dIrEapGsuho-01469-00351728-00351967 part of the
dIrEapGsuho-01470-00351968-00352167 software that
dIrEapGsuho-01471-00352168-00352399 is not really developed
dIrEapGsuho-01472-00352400-00352591 there were several comments for example
dIrEapGsuho-01473-00352592-00352695 on
dIrEapGsuho-01474-00352696-00353127 math or others saying to improve
dIrEapGsuho-01475-00353128-00353334 they're not sorry base
dIrEapGsuho-01476-00353335-00353639 others asking to improve draw for making
dIrEapGsuho-01477-00353640-00354127 it a bit more
dIrEapGsuho-01478-00354128-00354547 close to microsoft visio for example
dIrEapGsuho-01479-00354548-00354695 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01480-00354696-00354898 then
dIrEapGsuho-01481-00354899-00355087 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01482-00355088-00355487 okay this one was uh was funny i
dIrEapGsuho-01483-00355488-00355695 left the comment
dIrEapGsuho-01484-00355696-00355863 um
dIrEapGsuho-01485-00355864-00356095 i i think we still need to
dIrEapGsuho-01486-00356096-00356254 fight
dIrEapGsuho-01487-00356255-00356358 this um
dIrEapGsuho-01488-00356359-00356606 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01489-00356607-00356775 i don't know how to describe it that is
dIrEapGsuho-01490-00356776-00357039 a
dIrEapGsuho-01491-00357040-00357367 magic uh way to address uh
dIrEapGsuho-01492-00357368-00357463 the
dIrEapGsuho-01493-00357464-00357719 apocalypse office project that according
dIrEapGsuho-01494-00357720-00357791 to
dIrEapGsuho-01495-00357792-00358015 to several people is
dIrEapGsuho-01496-00358016-00358606 still doing good because they are um
dIrEapGsuho-01497-00358607-00358863 having more features than us so maybe we
dIrEapGsuho-01498-00358864-00359127 should try to communicate better
dIrEapGsuho-01499-00359128-00359358 the the differences and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01500-00359359-00359527 what we have
dIrEapGsuho-01501-00359528-00359782 already on libreoffice because it can be
dIrEapGsuho-01502-00359783-00359895 that
dIrEapGsuho-01503-00359896-00360206 a fashionable office is perceived as a
dIrEapGsuho-01504-00360207-00360343 a
dIrEapGsuho-01505-00360344-00360567 software with a more feature than living
dIrEapGsuho-01506-00360568-00360863 office
dIrEapGsuho-01507-00360864-00361215 yeah this comment was a a bit uh
dIrEapGsuho-01508-00361216-00361551 in confirmation that on that demographic
dIrEapGsuho-01509-00361552-00361639 uh
dIrEapGsuho-01510-00361640-00361799 questions probably
dIrEapGsuho-01511-00361800-00361887 we
dIrEapGsuho-01512-00361888-00362230 we could improve uh a bit more
dIrEapGsuho-01513-00362231-00362454 and
dIrEapGsuho-01514-00362455-00362567 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01515-00362568-00362887 the least it's uh it's really long
dIrEapGsuho-01516-00362888-00363103 there is also someone that suggests to
dIrEapGsuho-01517-00363104-00363439 rewrite the libreoffice in rust
dIrEapGsuho-01518-00363440-00363630 so
dIrEapGsuho-01519-00363631-00363775 it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-01520-00363776-00364063 not all the comments let's say are
dIrEapGsuho-01521-00364064-00364343 something that we need to take uh
dIrEapGsuho-01522-00364344-00364582 extremely seriously but in any case uh
dIrEapGsuho-01523-00364583-00364903 it's uh it's good to get uh feedback
dIrEapGsuho-01524-00364904-00365095 to try to understand what
dIrEapGsuho-01525-00365096-00365358 uh the community is uh is getting from
dIrEapGsuho-01526-00365359-00365678 uh from us as a
dIrEapGsuho-01527-00365679-00365943 active part of the project
dIrEapGsuho-01528-00365944-00366143 or more active
dIrEapGsuho-01529-00366144-00366551 members in the in the project
dIrEapGsuho-01530-00366552-00366695 and
dIrEapGsuho-01531-00366696-00367103 let me go back
dIrEapGsuho-01532-00367104-00367439 so
dIrEapGsuho-01533-00367440-00367806 this was a lot more the the general
dIrEapGsuho-01534-00367807-00368223 overview
dIrEapGsuho-01535-00368224-00368382 the amount of information was really
dIrEapGsuho-01536-00368383-00368519 huge so
dIrEapGsuho-01537-00368520-00368791 i think we need to digest
dIrEapGsuho-01538-00368792-00369087 what we saw and uh i need to do the same
dIrEapGsuho-01539-00369088-00369319 it's not just because i
dIrEapGsuho-01540-00369320-00369654 uh presented the analysis that i'm
dIrEapGsuho-01541-00369655-00369903 ready for the next steps
dIrEapGsuho-01542-00369904-00370295 but definitely uh i would like to to be
dIrEapGsuho-01543-00370296-00370543 to to stay more in touch with the with
dIrEapGsuho-01544-00370544-00370791 the different
dIrEapGsuho-01545-00370792-00371143 areas of the project and try to
dIrEapGsuho-01546-00371144-00371406 understand better the results that we
dIrEapGsuho-01547-00371407-00371671 got from this subway for
dIrEapGsuho-01548-00371672-00371806 trying to
dIrEapGsuho-01549-00371807-00372127 make our project a better place for for
dIrEapGsuho-01550-00372128-00372558 everyone for contributing
dIrEapGsuho-01551-00372559-00372919 any extra comment questions you were all
dIrEapGsuho-01552-00372920-00373063 silent
dIrEapGsuho-01553-00373064-00373551 i was talking too much
dIrEapGsuho-01554-00373552-00373839 actually there are
dIrEapGsuho-01555-00373840-00374071 some comments
dIrEapGsuho-01556-00374072-00374343 really many comments actually uh in the
dIrEapGsuho-01557-00374344-00374527 chat
dIrEapGsuho-01558-00374528-00374823 um starting from um
dIrEapGsuho-01559-00374824-00375302 that the survey should be translated
dIrEapGsuho-01560-00375303-00375415 yes
dIrEapGsuho-01561-00375416-00375782 for example most uh japanese speakers
dIrEapGsuho-01562-00375783-00376151 won't get to the end because of english
dIrEapGsuho-01563-00376152-00376287 for example
dIrEapGsuho-01564-00376288-00376582 yeah point uh taken there was also the
dIrEapGsuho-01565-00376583-00376839 the direct request to have it available
dIrEapGsuho-01566-00376840-00377127 in spanish so maybe for the next
dIrEapGsuho-01567-00377128-00377334 iteration we could
dIrEapGsuho-01568-00377335-00377551 try to have a kind of
dIrEapGsuho-01569-00377552-00377775 call for translations and see from the
dIrEapGsuho-01570-00377776-00378087 local communities who can help us to
dIrEapGsuho-01571-00378088-00378263 translate the questions and the
dIrEapGsuho-01572-00378264-00378463 information in the survey
dIrEapGsuho-01573-00378464-00378678 for the local communities but with a
dIrEapGsuho-01574-00378679-00378934 landsat base it's perfectly
dIrEapGsuho-01575-00378935-00379254 possible to to have it available in
dIrEapGsuho-01576-00379255-00379775 different languages so good
dIrEapGsuho-01577-00379776-00380023 yeah um
dIrEapGsuho-01578-00380024-00380519 best i start at the top um
dIrEapGsuho-01579-00380520-00380823 golem is
dIrEapGsuho-01580-00380824-00381182 saying that
dIrEapGsuho-01581-00381183-00381547 most floss projects are struggling with
dIrEapGsuho-01582-00381548-00381887 democratic participation
dIrEapGsuho-01583-00381888-00382282 and
dIrEapGsuho-01584-00382283-00382878 if mc has any thoughts or suggestions to
dIrEapGsuho-01585-00382879-00382967 what
dIrEapGsuho-01586-00382968-00383682 team or others how to improve it
dIrEapGsuho-01587-00383683-00384078 well i'm speaking for myself so yes i
dIrEapGsuho-01588-00384079-00384399 have some ideas but i think that
dIrEapGsuho-01589-00384400-00384534 maybe we can
dIrEapGsuho-01590-00384535-00384639 we can have
dIrEapGsuho-01591-00384640-00384919 this question directly in the
dIrEapGsuho-01592-00384920-00385067 closing uh with
dIrEapGsuho-01593-00385068-00385327 the board and dmc so we did with the
dIrEapGsuho-01594-00385328-00385639 full group around i mean i i don't like
dIrEapGsuho-01595-00385640-00385815 the idea that i'm
dIrEapGsuho-01596-00385816-00385991 speaking here
dIrEapGsuho-01597-00385992-00386143 and that
dIrEapGsuho-01598-00386144-00386263 my
dIrEapGsuho-01599-00386264-00386551 idea could be perceived as a the general
dIrEapGsuho-01600-00386552-00386958 agreement in the emc as a full body so
dIrEapGsuho-01601-00386959-00387095 maybe um
dIrEapGsuho-01602-00387096-00387302 i i will take a note on this and i think
dIrEapGsuho-01603-00387303-00387454 we can
dIrEapGsuho-01604-00387455-00387695 report to the question directly in the
dIrEapGsuho-01605-00387696-00388182 other session if it's fine for you um
dIrEapGsuho-01606-00388183-00388567 another question by him was that
dIrEapGsuho-01607-00388568-00388902 another question um he realized that
dIrEapGsuho-01608-00388903-00389110 some
dIrEapGsuho-01609-00389111-00389367 user better saying contributor
dIrEapGsuho-01610-00389368-00389543 do not realize
dIrEapGsuho-01611-00389544-00389727 the label
dIrEapGsuho-01612-00389728-00389839 member
dIrEapGsuho-01613-00389840-00390039 um
dIrEapGsuho-01614-00390040-00390191 is say
dIrEapGsuho-01615-00390192-00390415 lipo office member and the communication
dIrEapGsuho-01616-00390416-00390663 should be improved
dIrEapGsuho-01617-00390664-00390775 um
dIrEapGsuho-01618-00390776-00390871 for
dIrEapGsuho-01619-00390872-00391006 whatever
dIrEapGsuho-01620-00391007-00391239 um
dIrEapGsuho-01621-00391240-00391334 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01622-00391335-00391623 but the tdf membership is not an elite
dIrEapGsuho-01623-00391624-00391830 group or something like that
dIrEapGsuho-01624-00391831-00392223 uh and there's not a leap office member
dIrEapGsuho-01625-00392224-00392391 and
dIrEapGsuho-01626-00392392-00392487 such an
dIrEapGsuho-01627-00392488-00392751 at leap of his work at west
dIrEapGsuho-01628-00392752-00393199 doesn't help that situation so
dIrEapGsuho-01629-00393200-00393334 at least the communication can be
dIrEapGsuho-01630-00393335-00393543 improved at that
dIrEapGsuho-01631-00393544-00393719 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01632-00393720-00393863 it's
dIrEapGsuho-01633-00393864-00394230 also
dIrEapGsuho-01634-00394231-00394654 some
dIrEapGsuho-01635-00394655-00394830 you already
dIrEapGsuho-01636-00394831-00395095 find that out in the survey
dIrEapGsuho-01637-00395096-00395215 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01638-00395216-00395430 there are there are some
dIrEapGsuho-01639-00395431-00395663 feedback on both the the documents that
dIrEapGsuho-01640-00395664-00395863 i was sharing
dIrEapGsuho-01641-00395864-00395975 and
dIrEapGsuho-01642-00395976-00396095 on both
dIrEapGsuho-01643-00396096-00396287 you can find that
dIrEapGsuho-01644-00396288-00396487 people are asking for
dIrEapGsuho-01645-00396488-00396710 a better communication
dIrEapGsuho-01646-00396711-00396927 more transparency on the governments and
dIrEapGsuho-01647-00396928-00397127 the decisions
dIrEapGsuho-01648-00397128-00397367 so but also people saying it's not so
dIrEapGsuho-01649-00397368-00397591 bad in other communities it's but it's
dIrEapGsuho-01650-00397592-00397695 not
dIrEapGsuho-01651-00397696-00398023 definitely not better but
dIrEapGsuho-01652-00398024-00398271 there are margins for improvement let's
dIrEapGsuho-01653-00398272-00398447 say this way
dIrEapGsuho-01654-00398448-00398591 so yes
dIrEapGsuho-01655-00398592-00398751 exactly
dIrEapGsuho-01656-00398752-00399078 um for a survey it would be interesting
dIrEapGsuho-01657-00399079-00399327 mark hung is
dIrEapGsuho-01658-00399328-00399423 saying
dIrEapGsuho-01659-00399424-00399934 if the number of
dIrEapGsuho-01660-00399935-00400247 languages and the countries correlate
dIrEapGsuho-01661-00400248-00400687 with a number of downloads
dIrEapGsuho-01662-00400688-00401015 could be interesting actually to get the
dIrEapGsuho-01663-00401016-00401167 numbers and
dIrEapGsuho-01664-00401168-00401302 put them
dIrEapGsuho-01665-00401303-00401519 side aside
dIrEapGsuho-01666-00401520-00401758 to each other maybe we should do that
dIrEapGsuho-01667-00401759-00401999 afterwards
dIrEapGsuho-01668-00402000-00402199 yeah i mean we have the raw data so we
dIrEapGsuho-01669-00402200-00402502 can uh we can do some more uh refinement
dIrEapGsuho-01670-00402503-00402606 and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01671-00402607-00402841 correlation between what what we have
dIrEapGsuho-01672-00402842-00403039 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01673-00403040-00403310 at the moment uh the answer is no
dIrEapGsuho-01674-00403311-00403527 there's no correlation between those
dIrEapGsuho-01675-00403528-00403727 data
dIrEapGsuho-01676-00403728-00403839 okay
dIrEapGsuho-01677-00403840-00403951 because i
dIrEapGsuho-01678-00403952-00404087 i know
dIrEapGsuho-01679-00404088-00404271 of course not by heart
dIrEapGsuho-01680-00404272-00404591 but we but the
dIrEapGsuho-01681-00404592-00404839 the main countries the the main download
dIrEapGsuho-01682-00404840-00404999 countries
dIrEapGsuho-01683-00405000-00405151 and uh
dIrEapGsuho-01684-00405152-00405287 the
dIrEapGsuho-01685-00405288-00405495 there is not
dIrEapGsuho-01686-00405496-00405702 a direct correlation
dIrEapGsuho-01687-00405703-00406110 uh of course uh uh in some cases uh the
dIrEapGsuho-01688-00406111-00406358 the the the speakers of a language are
dIrEapGsuho-01689-00406359-00406527 higher than the speakers of other
dIrEapGsuho-01690-00406528-00406782 languages so for instance
dIrEapGsuho-01691-00406783-00407239 the speakers of spanish are
dIrEapGsuho-01692-00407240-00407334 is the
dIrEapGsuho-01693-00407335-00407734 probably our largest uh speakers group
dIrEapGsuho-01694-00407735-00407815 but
dIrEapGsuho-01695-00407816-00407999 there are at the moment there are more
dIrEapGsuho-01696-00408000-00408254 downloads of the german version than on
dIrEapGsuho-01697-00408255-00408791 the spanish version for instance
dIrEapGsuho-01698-00408792-00408999 probably not
dIrEapGsuho-01699-00409000-00409239 not that many
dIrEapGsuho-01700-00409240-00409534 but let's say that the downloads of the
dIrEapGsuho-01701-00409535-00409774 german and french version
dIrEapGsuho-01702-00409775-00409974 are
dIrEapGsuho-01703-00409975-00410318 on a scale are one step
dIrEapGsuho-01704-00410319-00410534 over the downloads of other language
dIrEapGsuho-01705-00410535-00411174 versions
dIrEapGsuho-01706-00411175-00411518 okay thanks
dIrEapGsuho-01707-00411519-00412303 um
dIrEapGsuho-01708-00412304-00412639 anything else from the questions yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01709-00412639-00412830 there was some confusion about the
dIrEapGsuho-01710-00412831-00413103 charts but not every
dIrEapGsuho-01711-00413104-00413639 um bar has its own um
dIrEapGsuho-01712-00413639-00413863 label
dIrEapGsuho-01713-00413864-00413974 okay
dIrEapGsuho-01714-00413975-00414239 i can't remake it a bit more clear
dIrEapGsuho-01715-00414239-00414470 yeah yeah i guess that's only
dIrEapGsuho-01716-00414471-00414718 for better reading
dIrEapGsuho-01717-00414719-00414918 um
dIrEapGsuho-01718-00414919-00415143 well there was some discussion about
dIrEapGsuho-01719-00415143-00415430 open office
dIrEapGsuho-01720-00415431-00415622 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01721-00415623-00415882 there was one commenter that was a quite
dIrEapGsuho-01722-00415883-00416047 funny
dIrEapGsuho-01723-00416047-00416247 i think that if you look at that comment
dIrEapGsuho-01724-00416247-00416487 in the term that if you count security
dIrEapGsuho-01725-00416488-00416607 flows
dIrEapGsuho-01726-00416608-00416830 and consider security flows as the
dIrEapGsuho-01727-00416831-00416959 features
dIrEapGsuho-01728-00416960-00417230 a apache of an office has definitely
dIrEapGsuho-01729-00417231-00417751 more features than libreoffice
dIrEapGsuho-01730-00417752-00417839 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01731-00417839-00418110 but in the document you will find more
dIrEapGsuho-01732-00418112-00418414 interesting comments on the
dIrEapGsuho-01733-00418415-00419214 two different projects
dIrEapGsuho-01734-00419215-00419527 any other comment or questions
dIrEapGsuho-01735-00419528-00420135 olivia
dIrEapGsuho-01736-00420135-00420309 if you are speaking you are mute
dIrEapGsuho-01737-00420310-00420543 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01738-00420543-00420855 yes uh can you hear me yeah loudly yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01739-00420856-00421079 uh i was a little bit disappointed to
dIrEapGsuho-01740-00421080-00421318 see that in the shot of the countries
dIrEapGsuho-01741-00421319-00421695 not even brazil is showing up
dIrEapGsuho-01742-00421696-00421791 i am
dIrEapGsuho-01743-00421792-00422014 surprised to see because we have a quite
dIrEapGsuho-01744-00422015-00422127 active
dIrEapGsuho-01745-00422128-00422279 and complete
dIrEapGsuho-01746-00422280-00422503 availability of libreoffice to the
dIrEapGsuho-01747-00422504-00422759 brazilian and portuguese
dIrEapGsuho-01748-00422760-00422935 communities
dIrEapGsuho-01749-00422935-00423183 and uh not even
dIrEapGsuho-01750-00423184-00423543 brazil or brazilians or portuguese
dIrEapGsuho-01751-00423543-00423718 are showing up
dIrEapGsuho-01752-00423719-00423799 so
dIrEapGsuho-01753-00423800-00424070 this i think it has to be investigated
dIrEapGsuho-01754-00424071-00424447 perhaps uh within the uh libreoffice
dIrEapGsuho-01755-00424447-00424622 brazilian community
dIrEapGsuho-01756-00424623-00424822 uh one of one of the things
dIrEapGsuho-01757-00424823-00425159 that i am uh uh almost sure is that we
dIrEapGsuho-01758-00425160-00425295 although we have
dIrEapGsuho-01759-00425296-00425566 groups in facebook in telegram
dIrEapGsuho-01760-00425567-00425855 facebook for example we have a a group
dIrEapGsuho-01761-00425856-00425959 that is
dIrEapGsuho-01762-00425960-00426127 as large as
dIrEapGsuho-01763-00426128-00426366 3 000
dIrEapGsuho-01764-00426367-00426487 members
dIrEapGsuho-01765-00426488-00426735 and the survey was put there
dIrEapGsuho-01766-00426735-00427022 communicated but it seems that
dIrEapGsuho-01767-00427023-00427383 it's just a bubble and i am uh
dIrEapGsuho-01768-00427384-00427647 wondering if the language barrier is
dIrEapGsuho-01769-00427647-00427870 definitely something that is
dIrEapGsuho-01770-00427871-00428007 uh
dIrEapGsuho-01771-00428008-00428103 um
dIrEapGsuho-01772-00428104-00428335 faking the the true results of the
dIrEapGsuho-01773-00428335-00428479 reality here
dIrEapGsuho-01774-00428480-00428766 uh about libreoffice
dIrEapGsuho-01775-00428767-00428879 so
dIrEapGsuho-01776-00428880-00429270 i'm sure that we have a quite large
dIrEapGsuho-01777-00429271-00429607 set of installations in brazil and this
dIrEapGsuho-01778-00429608-00429775 is not reflecting
dIrEapGsuho-01779-00429776-00429951 in the survey
dIrEapGsuho-01780-00429952-00430166 just just a comment
dIrEapGsuho-01781-00430167-00430332 i think that
dIrEapGsuho-01782-00430333-00430439 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01783-00430439-00430718 part of the problem it's also related to
dIrEapGsuho-01784-00430719-00430991 how we asked that question
dIrEapGsuho-01785-00430992-00431295 that was uh probably putting the person
dIrEapGsuho-01786-00431296-00431599 to decide if
dIrEapGsuho-01787-00431600-00431806 was a better to keep
dIrEapGsuho-01788-00431807-00431943 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01789-00431943-00432022 the
dIrEapGsuho-01790-00432023-00432287 anonymity of the survey
dIrEapGsuho-01791-00432288-00432543 or to to share more on the language and
dIrEapGsuho-01792-00432543-00432775 the country so i think that
dIrEapGsuho-01793-00432776-00433031 really on that particular question we
dIrEapGsuho-01794-00433032-00433391 really got a drop of answers so
dIrEapGsuho-01795-00433392-00433575 it's clear that uh
dIrEapGsuho-01796-00433576-00433751 there was something wrong with that with
dIrEapGsuho-01797-00433752-00433927 the question
dIrEapGsuho-01798-00433928-00434566 written in that way done in that way
dIrEapGsuho-01799-00434567-00434910 yes because this of course is uh is
dIrEapGsuho-01800-00434912-00435151 like i said it's a bit disappointing
dIrEapGsuho-01801-00435152-00435543 uh because we we really provide uh the
dIrEapGsuho-01802-00435543-00435855 full set of documentation and software
dIrEapGsuho-01803-00435856-00436103 fully translated to portuguese
dIrEapGsuho-01804-00436104-00436399 and uh not the survey not the survey uh
dIrEapGsuho-01805-00436400-00436639 yeah perhaps we miss i i missed that it
dIrEapGsuho-01806-00436639-00437007 may be uh because i didn't catch uh the
dIrEapGsuho-01807-00437008-00437166 language barrier was
dIrEapGsuho-01808-00437167-00437318 so steep
dIrEapGsuho-01809-00437319-00437503 and uh or
dIrEapGsuho-01810-00437504-00437759 eventually to uh force
dIrEapGsuho-01811-00437760-00437896 um people to
dIrEapGsuho-01812-00437897-00438055 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-01813-00438056-00438283 answer i know that
dIrEapGsuho-01814-00438284-00438551 uh people are
dIrEapGsuho-01815-00438552-00438695 end users
dIrEapGsuho-01816-00438696-00439031 really don't like to uh have to to read
dIrEapGsuho-01817-00439032-00439239 in english
dIrEapGsuho-01818-00439239-00439591 they just drop uh when they find an
dIrEapGsuho-01819-00439592-00439683 english
dIrEapGsuho-01820-00439684-00439870 page um
dIrEapGsuho-01821-00439871-00440103 it's it's not exclusive to uh brazilians
dIrEapGsuho-01822-00440104-00440359 i think it's uh almost everywhere
dIrEapGsuho-01823-00440360-00441014 where the local local language is strong
dIrEapGsuho-01824-00441015-00441191 the japanese i guess i understand
dIrEapGsuho-01825-00441192-00441495 exactly the point of the japanese uh
dIrEapGsuho-01826-00441496-00441718 it's it's absolutely the same situation
dIrEapGsuho-01827-00441719-00441959 here i don't know for the spanish how
dIrEapGsuho-01828-00441960-00442279 they got uh to uh
dIrEapGsuho-01829-00442280-00442599 uh we got uh several answers directly in
dIrEapGsuho-01830-00442600-00442703 spanish
dIrEapGsuho-01831-00442704-00443118 also with people saying uh i'm
dIrEapGsuho-01832-00443119-00443463 i'm i can speak spanish i'm
dIrEapGsuho-01833-00443464-00443687 going with english but with the
dIrEapGsuho-01834-00443688-00444118 translators was the same for uh japanese
dIrEapGsuho-01835-00444119-00444351 uh in general for um
dIrEapGsuho-01836-00444352-00444470 for the
dIrEapGsuho-01837-00444471-00444814 asian part of our community so yeah next
dIrEapGsuho-01838-00444815-00445231 time we need to provide the surveying
dIrEapGsuho-01839-00445232-00445495 also in other languages not just the
dIrEapGsuho-01840-00445496-00445703 english but yeah it's uh we can only
dIrEapGsuho-01841-00445704-00445910 improve what's the first attempt
dIrEapGsuho-01842-00445912-00446127 yeah yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01843-00446128-00446327 indeed i think also that is a good idea
dIrEapGsuho-01844-00446328-00446407 to
dIrEapGsuho-01845-00446408-00446622 submit the survey with the next one
dIrEapGsuho-01846-00446623-00446727 obviously
dIrEapGsuho-01847-00446728-00447055 to our nlps and ask them to translate in
dIrEapGsuho-01848-00447056-00447175 their own
dIrEapGsuho-01849-00447176-00447439 languages even if in that way i mean
dIrEapGsuho-01850-00447439-00447639 that yes in that way probably the the
dIrEapGsuho-01851-00447639-00447831 question about you know the spoken
dIrEapGsuho-01852-00447832-00448014 languages could be
dIrEapGsuho-01853-00448015-00448118 kind of
dIrEapGsuho-01854-00448119-00448343 no more needed but
dIrEapGsuho-01855-00448343-00448631 uh but i believe anyway just i'm just
dIrEapGsuho-01856-00448632-00448855 joking
dIrEapGsuho-01857-00448856-00449047 in any case uh with uh with the
dIrEapGsuho-01858-00449047-00449159 languages
dIrEapGsuho-01859-00449160-00449335 apart from the main spoken it's also
dIrEapGsuho-01860-00449335-00449503 interesting to see
dIrEapGsuho-01861-00449504-00449695 which are the other languages that they
dIrEapGsuho-01862-00449696-00449935 can spoke or if we are missing locales
dIrEapGsuho-01863-00449935-00450151 for example for spanish
dIrEapGsuho-01864-00450152-00450399 uh they were not just of course writing
dIrEapGsuho-01865-00450400-00450647 spanish as a language but we got
dIrEapGsuho-01866-00450647-00450951 galiciana we got
dIrEapGsuho-01867-00450952-00451175 uh the same for portuguese they were
dIrEapGsuho-01868-00451176-00451463 specifying the different uh
dIrEapGsuho-01869-00451464-00451735 locale so it's clear that
dIrEapGsuho-01870-00451735-00451951 for some areas
dIrEapGsuho-01871-00451952-00452310 we need to to do something more because
dIrEapGsuho-01872-00452312-00452583 english it's a barrier that is uh loud
dIrEapGsuho-01873-00452584-00452735 and clear
dIrEapGsuho-01874-00452735-00452887 absolutely
dIrEapGsuho-01875-00452888-00452999 haiku
dIrEapGsuho-01876-00453000-00453239 what's your questions
dIrEapGsuho-01877-00453239-00453566 it's rather a comment
dIrEapGsuho-01878-00453567-00453670 one of the
dIrEapGsuho-01879-00453671-00453975 question was whether the participant was
dIrEapGsuho-01880-00453976-00454263 a tdf member or not
dIrEapGsuho-01881-00454264-00454607 and as far as i remember we sent out
dIrEapGsuho-01882-00454608-00454870 this survey to all the members via
dIrEapGsuho-01883-00454871-00455039 mailing list
dIrEapGsuho-01884-00455039-00455143 the
dIrEapGsuho-01885-00455143-00455503 the result is that about two-thirds of
dIrEapGsuho-01886-00455504-00455814 the total number of 250
dIrEapGsuho-01887-00455815-00456118 should be let's say 80
dIrEapGsuho-01888-00456119-00456431 state being a member of tdf
dIrEapGsuho-01889-00456432-00456647 that means on the other hand
dIrEapGsuho-01890-00456647-00456743 that
dIrEapGsuho-01891-00456743-00456910 at least 50
dIrEapGsuho-01892-00456912-00457095 of tdf members
dIrEapGsuho-01893-00457096-00457518 do not reply or do not answer a survey
dIrEapGsuho-01894-00457519-00457855 which is something i believe the mc
dIrEapGsuho-01895-00457856-00457951 should
dIrEapGsuho-01896-00457952-00458207 take care of and should have a look into
dIrEapGsuho-01897-00458208-00458327 it
dIrEapGsuho-01898-00458328-00458607 we have um
dIrEapGsuho-01899-00458608-00458918 with similar problems with every
dIrEapGsuho-01900-00458919-00459110 vote on
dIrEapGsuho-01901-00459112-00459470 the new board or the new mc
dIrEapGsuho-01902-00459471-00459775 we have the same problem um every
dIrEapGsuho-01903-00459776-00460087 quarter with
dIrEapGsuho-01904-00460088-00460207 renewal
dIrEapGsuho-01905-00460208-00460559 answers that we have to we ask
dIrEapGsuho-01906-00460560-00460683 multiple
dIrEapGsuho-01907-00460684-00461039 times mostly with
dIrEapGsuho-01908-00461039-00461207 because of experience
dIrEapGsuho-01909-00461208-00461463 the same person
dIrEapGsuho-01910-00461464-00461631 just an
dIrEapGsuho-01911-00461632-00461959 example that yesterday
dIrEapGsuho-01912-00461960-00462103 a member of
dIrEapGsuho-01913-00462104-00462407 the tdf set yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01914-00462408-00462759 i'm checking the mails from
dIrEapGsuho-01915-00462760-00462959 leap office every
dIrEapGsuho-01916-00462960-00463287 eight weeks or something like that so
dIrEapGsuho-01917-00463288-00463414 yeah i'm not
dIrEapGsuho-01918-00463415-00463679 a good guy um but
dIrEapGsuho-01919-00463680-00463910 that is a problem
dIrEapGsuho-01920-00463912-00464207 if you have a survey and it's open for
dIrEapGsuho-01921-00464208-00464375 two weeks three weeks something like
dIrEapGsuho-01922-00464376-00464607 that and somebody's checking
dIrEapGsuho-01923-00464608-00464783 every two months
dIrEapGsuho-01924-00464784-00465022 his mail address
dIrEapGsuho-01925-00465023-00465183 it's getting hard to
dIrEapGsuho-01926-00465184-00465591 get the answers actually
dIrEapGsuho-01927-00465592-00465791 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01928-00465792-00466118 we need to involve them more and
dIrEapGsuho-01929-00466119-00466343 make them curious to check if there are
dIrEapGsuho-01930-00466343-00466479 news on that
dIrEapGsuho-01931-00466480-00466695 email address
dIrEapGsuho-01932-00466696-00467007 yeah that seems to be the tricky part
dIrEapGsuho-01933-00467008-00467231 we need to involve the members a bit
dIrEapGsuho-01934-00467232-00467335 more but
dIrEapGsuho-01935-00467335-00467687 from the comments seems clear that
dIrEapGsuho-01936-00467688-00467918 it's uh
dIrEapGsuho-01937-00467919-00468222 it's not clear what is this membership
dIrEapGsuho-01938-00468223-00468487 for and it's a problem it's more
dIrEapGsuho-01939-00468488-00468870 interesting the two bars or the
dIrEapGsuho-01940-00468871-00469127 two pie charts um
dIrEapGsuho-01941-00469128-00469407 no i don't want to become and i was a
dIrEapGsuho-01942-00469408-00469663 member yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01943-00469664-00469991 what makes a person to
dIrEapGsuho-01944-00469992-00470166 not renew
dIrEapGsuho-01945-00470167-00470247 or
dIrEapGsuho-01946-00470247-00470510 what um what makes a person
dIrEapGsuho-01947-00470512-00470814 for not
dIrEapGsuho-01948-00470815-00471063 want to become a member
dIrEapGsuho-01949-00471064-00471166 yeah
dIrEapGsuho-01950-00471167-00471431 i mean this year these two years are
dIrEapGsuho-01951-00471432-00471910 special you saw we got several uh
dIrEapGsuho-01952-00471912-00472159 membership dropped because of lack of
dIrEapGsuho-01953-00472160-00472487 contributions to to covet so
dIrEapGsuho-01954-00472488-00472695 that it's a factor that we can't ignore
dIrEapGsuho-01955-00472696-00472943 but it's not just that that one can't be
dIrEapGsuho-01956-00472943-00473207 the catch-all for all the problems
dIrEapGsuho-01957-00473208-00473775 we are facing uh a tdf
dIrEapGsuho-01958-00473776-00474007 any other comment
dIrEapGsuho-01959-00474008-00474270 feedback
dIrEapGsuho-01960-00474271-00474518 there is emiliano who wrote that there
dIrEapGsuho-01961-00474519-00474822 will be another round of the survey and
dIrEapGsuho-01962-00474823-00475135 i expect let's get that one better
dIrEapGsuho-01963-00475135-00475270 hopefully
dIrEapGsuho-01964-00475271-00475479 yeah maybe
dIrEapGsuho-01965-00475480-00475743 we could do it in parallel with the with
dIrEapGsuho-01966-00475743-00475975 a month of libreoffice
dIrEapGsuho-01967-00475976-00476335 so really making it a recurring even the
dIrEapGsuho-01968-00476335-00476607 one time per year two times per year
dIrEapGsuho-01969-00476608-00476679 for
dIrEapGsuho-01970-00476680-00476887 getting uh fresh feedback from the
dIrEapGsuho-01971-00476888-00477031 community and
dIrEapGsuho-01972-00477032-00477470 letting them know that we want to get
dIrEapGsuho-01973-00477471-00477727 feedback from them
dIrEapGsuho-01974-00477728-00478039 sure indeed i think that um
dIrEapGsuho-01975-00478039-00478255 the survey itself
dIrEapGsuho-01976-00478256-00478503 if it reaches all the uh
dIrEapGsuho-01977-00478504-00478670 community members
dIrEapGsuho-01978-00478671-00479039 and tdf members itself is a
dIrEapGsuho-01979-00479039-00479391 uh way to demonstrate to uh let's say uh
dIrEapGsuho-01980-00479392-00479583 give uh give the impression that we
dIrEapGsuho-01981-00479584-00479855 indeed care of the feedback
dIrEapGsuho-01982-00479856-00479983 and so
dIrEapGsuho-01983-00479984-00480110 we should
dIrEapGsuho-01984-00480112-00480270 probably
dIrEapGsuho-01985-00480271-00480639 uh think about having it uh regularly
dIrEapGsuho-01986-00480639-00480847 and improving time by time in the
dIrEapGsuho-01987-00480847-00481087 meanwhile sophie is just saying thank
dIrEapGsuho-01988-00481088-00481222 you to jonah and marina for the
dIrEapGsuho-01989-00481223-00481391 presentation
dIrEapGsuho-01990-00481392-00481607 no thanks to all of you for the for the
dIrEapGsuho-01991-00481608-00481718 support
dIrEapGsuho-01992-00481719-00481839 sophie
dIrEapGsuho-01993-00481839-00482183 mike italo aiko in particular that
dIrEapGsuho-01994-00482184-00482287 helped
dIrEapGsuho-01995-00482288-00482470 a lot with
dIrEapGsuho-01996-00482471-00482783 the refinement and preparation of this
dIrEapGsuho-01997-00482784-00483318 survey so yeah we had the idea
dIrEapGsuho-01998-00483319-00483591 i was impressed by you know um his uh
dIrEapGsuho-01999-00483592-00483799 daily updates daily reports about the
dIrEapGsuho-02000-00483800-00483935 numbers
dIrEapGsuho-02001-00483935-00484159 which were yeah it's incredible great
dIrEapGsuho-02002-00484160-00484383 great yeah but i mean aiko is running
dIrEapGsuho-02003-00484384-00484575 surveys for
dIrEapGsuho-02004-00484576-00484799 the different uh
dIrEapGsuho-02005-00484800-00485055 topics uh for the design part really
dIrEapGsuho-02006-00485056-00485279 often so it's clear that
dIrEapGsuho-02007-00485280-00485479 we got the expert on board
dIrEapGsuho-02008-00485480-00485718 for the topic yeah i think so thank you
dIrEapGsuho-02009-00485719-00485975 very very used to and also for being so
dIrEapGsuho-02010-00485976-00486255 passionate with uh with us
dIrEapGsuho-02011-00486256-00486566 uh with uh not exactly a real-time
dIrEapGsuho-02012-00486567-00486687 reply
dIrEapGsuho-02013-00486688-00486807 to your
dIrEapGsuho-02014-00486808-00487079 we are beginners in that field
dIrEapGsuho-02015-00487080-00487439 yeah definitely thanks a lot especially
dIrEapGsuho-02016-00487439-00487943 you know compared to him
dIrEapGsuho-02017-00487943-00488047 okay
dIrEapGsuho-02018-00488047-00488159 so
dIrEapGsuho-02019-00488160-00488216 um
dIrEapGsuho-02020-00488217-00488391 [Music]
dIrEapGsuho-02021-00488392-00488655 emiliano says that it's a good idea to
dIrEapGsuho-02022-00488656-00488918 uh let's say synchronize on somehow the
dIrEapGsuho-02023-00488919-00489022 the
dIrEapGsuho-02024-00489023-00489447 the surveys with the month of libraries
dIrEapGsuho-02025-00489447-00489999 could be nice
dIrEapGsuho-02026-00490000-00490303 so thank you all for attending
dIrEapGsuho-02027-00490304-00490414 and
dIrEapGsuho-02028-00490415-00490727 see you around during the rest of the
dIrEapGsuho-02029-00490728-00491028 conference