RMC_2nEcgfc-00000-00000000-00000428 Making Jjapaguri for my friends in the UK RMC_2nEcgfc-00001-00005318-00005682 it's Jjapaghetti which is black bean noodles RMC_2nEcgfc-00002-00005728-00006200 and Nuguri which is a kind of thicker instant noodles RMC_2nEcgfc-00003-00006282-00006428 it's a mixture of that RMC_2nEcgfc-00004-00006428-00006652 (For my partner who likes "fire chicken cheese noodles") RMC_2nEcgfc-00005-00006659-00007284 In the film, the difference was adding f**king expensive beef in it RMC_2nEcgfc-00006-00007284-00007812 which is Sirloin... Korean people like Sirloin beef nowadays, quite a lot RMC_2nEcgfc-00007-00007812-00008128 I think it's called Chae Kkud Sal RMC_2nEcgfc-00008-00008128-00008282 It's really really expensive... RMC_2nEcgfc-00009-00008282-00008632 It's really expensive. a lot more expensive than here RMC_2nEcgfc-00010-00008638-00008704 Enjoy! RMC_2nEcgfc-00011-00008708-00008888 Bon appetite! RMC_2nEcgfc-00012-00009194-00009450 Why have you got seaweed? RMC_2nEcgfc-00013-00009462-00009666 Ah, that's from Nuguri ramen RMC_2nEcgfc-00014-00009674-00009906 it makes the taste of soup RMC_2nEcgfc-00015-00009906-00009984 Do you like it? RMC_2nEcgfc-00016-00009984-00010116 You can have it RMC_2nEcgfc-00017-00010116-00010220 Do you not eat it? RMC_2nEcgfc-00018-00010220-00010358 I don't mind RMC_2nEcgfc-00019-00010616-00010682 Seaweed? RMC_2nEcgfc-00020-00010766-00010968 Yes, I like seaweed RMC_2nEcgfc-00021-00010968-00011202 This is homemade Kimchi by the way RMC_2nEcgfc-00022-00011250-00011322 Thank you! RMC_2nEcgfc-00023-00011534-00011742 It's perfectly sticky RMC_2nEcgfc-00024-00011742-00012064 Chewy, I love it RMC_2nEcgfc-00025-00012112-00012214 Not bad RMC_2nEcgfc-00026-00012240-00012464 Good, very nice RMC_2nEcgfc-00027-00012496-00012608 It's really good RMC_2nEcgfc-00029-00012740-00012950 The beef is nice actually RMC_2nEcgfc-00030-00012982-00013138 (nodding) RMC_2nEcgfc-00031-00013138-00013236 I'm really hungry RMC_2nEcgfc-00032-00013362-00013668 Oh I'm not gonna talk, sorry I'm just enjoying this RMC_2nEcgfc-00033-00013744-00014094 You said, the meat is very expensive in Korea, right? RMC_2nEcgfc-00034-00014094-00014144 Yeah RMC_2nEcgfc-00035-00014144-00014346 The ramen is usually like a cheap food RMC_2nEcgfc-00036-00014368-00014663 so it's like combination of both RMC_2nEcgfc-00037-00014736-00015168 Because traditionally it's kind of considered really bad RMC_2nEcgfc-00038-00015168-00015416 to mix the luxury items with shit, isn't it? RMC_2nEcgfc-00039-00015416-00015946 It's like mixing coke into a malt whiskey or something, Scottish people would kill you RMC_2nEcgfc-00040-00015968-00016806 The implication being the expensive meat is nothing for them RMC_2nEcgfc-00041-00016810-00017268 (Sorry, we're too busy eating) RMC_2nEcgfc-00042-00017268-00017656 When you're wanna get a shandy, you mix a shittest lager, right? RMC_2nEcgfc-00043-00017656-00017918 because you kind of ruin it anyway RMC_2nEcgfc-00044-00017918-00018072 This is my first homemade Kimchi RMC_2nEcgfc-00045-00018072-00018196 Is it? really? RMC_2nEcgfc-00046-00018296-00018584 I went to a Korean restaurant and I had it once but... RMC_2nEcgfc-00047-00018584-00018780 oh my god, this is spicy RMC_2nEcgfc-00048-00018780-00018830 Spicy RMC_2nEcgfc-00049-00018830-00018906 Is it? RMC_2nEcgfc-00050-00018906-00018974 Yeah RMC_2nEcgfc-00051-00018994-00019090 It is, for me RMC_2nEcgfc-00052-00019168-00019536 But I think the noodle isn't spicy so it goes well with it RMC_2nEcgfc-00053-00019536-00019626 It does, I'm so happy RMC_2nEcgfc-00054-00019626-00020062 and it's quite rich so you need some.. sour.. acid RMC_2nEcgfc-00055-00020062-00020340 It's not spicy, not spicy RMC_2nEcgfc-00056-00020340-00020530 It is spicy RMC_2nEcgfc-00057-00020530-00020786 I've got even more outrage thing to add RMC_2nEcgfc-00058-00020786-00020858 What is it? RMC_2nEcgfc-00059-00020858-00021008 Truffle oil! RMC_2nEcgfc-00060-00021206-00021334 It goes really well RMC_2nEcgfc-00061-00021346-00021410 I'm sure. RMC_2nEcgfc-00062-00021444-00021618 I love truffle so much RMC_2nEcgfc-00063-00021792-00021888 mmmmmmmmm RMC_2nEcgfc-00064-00022032-00022202 It's quite expensive, actually RMC_2nEcgfc-00065-00022438-00022616 Do you want me to pay for it..? RMC_2nEcgfc-00066-00022616-00022686 Adding shots! RMC_2nEcgfc-00067-00022698-00022776 Yeah RMC_2nEcgfc-00068-00022856-00023044 It's delicious oil RMC_2nEcgfc-00069-00023102-00023250 Delicious oil RMC_2nEcgfc-00070-00023442-00023546 m m m RMC_2nEcgfc-00071-00023546-00023846 This is as greasy as I thought it would be RMC_2nEcgfc-00072-00023846-00023924 Really? RMC_2nEcgfc-00073-00023924-00024144 Yeah, what's it called? like black bean noodles? RMC_2nEcgfc-00074-00024154-00024432 It seems like everybody eats them at the police station RMC_2nEcgfc-00075-00024432-00024666 Jajangmyeon RMC_2nEcgfc-00076-00025848-00025983 This is so delicious RMC_2nEcgfc-00077-00025992-00026200 Wow, the truffle oil is amazing RMC_2nEcgfc-00078-00026250-00027066 This is a Korean fire chicken noodles (the cheese flavoured one) with Sirloin beef RMC_2nEcgfc-00079-00027074-00027214 So spicy RMC_2nEcgfc-00080-00027218-00027474 Yeah it's gonna be hot I'm talking about mine RMC_2nEcgfc-00081-00027604-00027756 I'm talking about mine RMC_2nEcgfc-00082-00027812-00028262 It looks hot... but it's a cheese one so it might not be RMC_2nEcgfc-00083-00028327-00028730 Everything is burning, I'm burning, yes RMC_2nEcgfc-00084-00028945-00029220 You also don't eat a lot of spicy stuff right? RMC_2nEcgfc-00085-00029220-00029345 I love spicy RMC_2nEcgfc-00086-00029345-00029626 It's spicy, right? Yeah, I've tried that one RMC_2nEcgfc-00087-00029932-00030189 This is gonna kill you, Cristina RMC_2nEcgfc-00088-00030668-00030780 Hot? RMC_2nEcgfc-00089-00031100-00031633 Usually when I invite people over, I cook traditional food because that's what RMC_2nEcgfc-00090-00031633-00032208 people like to try - Korean traditional food like Bibimbap, Korean bbq, things like that RMC_2nEcgfc-00091-00032208-00032654 But this is actually like normal people's food now RMC_2nEcgfc-00092-00032668-00033204 Having instant noodles for the Sunday lunch RMC_2nEcgfc-00093-00033330-00033610 It's like a contemporary Korean food really RMC_2nEcgfc-00094-00033610-00034000 Carbonara flavoured fire chicken noodle sauce! RMC_2nEcgfc-00095-00034042-00034118 It's mild RMC_2nEcgfc-00096-00034174-00034406 Yeah, mild in your own standards RMC_2nEcgfc-00097-00034594-00034708 No, wait! RMC_2nEcgfc-00098-00034708-00034852 Before you do that... RMC_2nEcgfc-00099-00034954-00035474 (She is trying to make her noodles milder) RMC_2nEcgfc-00100-00035500-00035592 More? RMC_2nEcgfc-00101-00035592-00035648 No, ah.. RMC_2nEcgfc-00102-00035784-00036066 After then, it's gonna be gone RMC_2nEcgfc-00103-00036128-00036584 Carbonara, omg... I'm sorry a minute of silence RMC_2nEcgfc-00104-00036714-00037066 Carbonara in a bottle... RMC_2nEcgfc-00105-00037112-00037332 I quite like Korean Italian food RMC_2nEcgfc-00106-00037332-00037652 It's not Italian food, it's a Korean food RMC_2nEcgfc-00107-00037652-00038124 So Rosé pasta tastes like Tteokbokki which is a spicy rice cake RMC_2nEcgfc-00108-00038124-00038298 Rrrrr rosé RMC_2nEcgfc-00109-00038302-00038390 What is that? RMC_2nEcgfc-00110-00038432-00038656 Ah, maybe it's an American thing.. RMC_2nEcgfc-00111-00038656-00038820 Tomato and cream sauce? RMC_2nEcgfc-00112-00038820-00038910 Creamy tomatoey... RMC_2nEcgfc-00113-00038910-00039254 It's quite soupy as well because people like soup, haha RMC_2nEcgfc-00114-00039466-00039546 with Pasta? RMC_2nEcgfc-00115-00039566-00039616 Okay.. RMC_2nEcgfc-00116-00039684-00039916 Japanese have soup pasta RMC_2nEcgfc-00117-00039964-00040306 Do you just have a different name for it then? RMC_2nEcgfc-00118-00040306-00040450 Normal pasta or soup pasta RMC_2nEcgfc-00119-00040528-00040606 Ah really RMC_2nEcgfc-00120-00040606-00040892 Chinese food in Italy is not Chinese food RMC_2nEcgfc-00121-00041024-00041200 Italianised Chinese food RMC_2nEcgfc-00122-00041200-00041374 which makes it even better RMC_2nEcgfc-00123-00041380-00041644 Is there like an instant pasta in Italy? RMC_2nEcgfc-00124-00041768-00042158 Sorry, don't be angry! Just a question.. RMC_2nEcgfc-00125-00042198-00042676 Is there like.. you can just pour water over and then it's just a pasta? RMC_2nEcgfc-00126-00042692-00042768 Ah, no RMC_2nEcgfc-00127-00042806-00043205 You get something pre-made, but you actually just have to stir fry RMC_2nEcgfc-00128-00043206-00043360 You don't add water to it RMC_2nEcgfc-00129-00043378-00043740 Japan is obviously instant food heaven, right? RMC_2nEcgfc-00130-00043748-00043798 Yeah RMC_2nEcgfc-00131-00043798-00043870 Yakisoba? RMC_2nEcgfc-00132-00043900-00044326 Yakisoba, ramen, pasta as well, udon, soba RMC_2nEcgfc-00133-00044382-00044662 There are... hell a lot of salt in the ramen RMC_2nEcgfc-00134-00044692-00045234 That's why when I make instant ramen, I put less sauce RMC_2nEcgfc-00135-00045300-00045464 Ah you customise it RMC_2nEcgfc-00136-00045464-00045874 Whenever I make instant noodles, I usually put some veggies RMC_2nEcgfc-00137-00045874-00046066 just to make me feel better RMC_2nEcgfc-00138-00046334-00046542 just put some spring onions... RMC_2nEcgfc-00139-00046542-00046638 That's it? haha RMC_2nEcgfc-00140-00046730-00046968 And then it looks like quite a healthy meal RMC_2nEcgfc-00141-00046968-00047244 I like combination of healthy and unhealthy RMC_2nEcgfc-00142-00047542-00047592 Everybody does, I think RMC_2nEcgfc-00143-00047604-00047868 I don't think you actually combine them RMC_2nEcgfc-00144-00047876-00048100 You try to cover the unhealthy bit RMC_2nEcgfc-00145-00048118-00048534 The combination would be eating an apple and Mcdonalds burger RMC_2nEcgfc-00146-00048534-00048624 You know what I mean RMC_2nEcgfc-00147-00048624-00048742 The full apple, though RMC_2nEcgfc-00148-00048762-00049162 Oh no no, I went to Mcdonalds and you can order salad on the side RMC_2nEcgfc-00149-00049200-00049462 Omg, why would you ever do that RMC_2nEcgfc-00150-00049462-00049650 That salad looks so fake RMC_2nEcgfc-00151-00049692-00049742 True RMC_2nEcgfc-00152-00049986-00050394 The only thing I really like in Mcdonalds is the cheeseburger RMC_2nEcgfc-00153-00050394-00050644 because I can't get that flavour anywhere else RMC_2nEcgfc-00154-00050700-00051629 That combination of the sickly cheese, and the shitty beef patty, and shitty soggy bread, and some ketchup RMC_2nEcgfc-00155-00051629-00051736 and ONE pickle RMC_2nEcgfc-00156-00051736-00051878 Yeah hahaha RMC_2nEcgfc-00157-00052074-00052272 That mushy pickle RMC_2nEcgfc-00158-00052405-00052628 You can't get that anywhere else RMC_2nEcgfc-00159-00052628-00052714 It's delicious RMC_2nEcgfc-00160-00052714-00052876 Especially when you're drunk RMC_2nEcgfc-00161-00053024-00053250 You have to go to Mcdonalds when you're drunk RMC_2nEcgfc-00162-00053250-00053326 it's f**king delicious RMC_2nEcgfc-00163-00053326-00053498 I can't eat Mcdonalds anymore RMC_2nEcgfc-00164-00053502-00053555 Really? RMC_2nEcgfc-00165-00053555-00053698 Don't eat them, don't RMC_2nEcgfc-00166-00053698-00053896 Only chips, I can eat RMC_2nEcgfc-00167-00053940-00054124 Their chips are not good RMC_2nEcgfc-00168-00054124-00054314 Why would you eat chips from them RMC_2nEcgfc-00169-00054314-00054490 Is the beef good? You eat it RMC_2nEcgfc-00170-00054510-00054776 No, but.. as I said, RMC_2nEcgfc-00171-00054840-00054972 It's that combination blah blah RMC_2nEcgfc-00172-00054972-00055110 You can't get it anywhere else RMC_2nEcgfc-00173-00055110-00055267 It's only Mcdonalds RMC_2nEcgfc-00174-00055316-00055978 I mean, where else do you get chips that last for seven weeks? You know what I mean RMC_2nEcgfc-00175-00055978-00056226 They do last for seven weeks RMC_2nEcgfc-00176-00056244-00056550 but they get disgusting after seven minutes if you eat them RMC_2nEcgfc-00177-00056574-00056624 I know RMC_2nEcgfc-00178-00056846-00056926 That's true RMC_2nEcgfc-00179-00057034-00057305 I just saw the advert of Burger King today RMC_2nEcgfc-00180-00057305-00057686 Burger King made a new advert and they show RMC_2nEcgfc-00181-00057686-00058284 The burger gets mouldy, like a slow motion video or something like that RMC_2nEcgfc-00182-00058284-00058744 meaning that it doesn't have any preservatives RMC_2nEcgfc-00183-00058744-00059086 I mean, if you think about what you eat nowadays RMC_2nEcgfc-00184-00059086-00059310 You can't really eat anything RMC_2nEcgfc-00185-00059314-00059928 When I came to England, and when I went to the supermarket, one of the shocking things was... RMC_2nEcgfc-00186-00059928-00060505 It's all packed up in a plastic bag, and it's chopped up and it's all cleaned RMC_2nEcgfc-00187-00060505-00060870 It's really convenient because you don't have to wash, but... RMC_2nEcgfc-00188-00060870-00061379 I heard from someone who worked in a factory where they washed the veggies RMC_2nEcgfc-00189-00061379-00061850 She said she can't eat the vegetables from Tesco because of all the RMC_2nEcgfc-00190-00061850-00062364 things in the water they wash with like chlorines and things like that RMC_2nEcgfc-00191-00062364-00062662 Yeah, because otherwise how do they stay so fresh RMC_2nEcgfc-00192-00062662-00062778 Yeah, exactly RMC_2nEcgfc-00193-00062784-00063354 Also the waste as well - the plastic bags... disgusting RMC_2nEcgfc-00194-00063354-00063860 Normally in Poland, the ready cut vegetables is not that popular RMC_2nEcgfc-00195-00063860-00064332 It became more popular now but it's mostly advertised for people RMC_2nEcgfc-00196-00064332-00064579 who have disabilities and they can't... RMC_2nEcgfc-00197-00064579-00064754 Ah really RMC_2nEcgfc-00198-00064754-00065014 That means British people are disabled? RMC_2nEcgfc-00199-00065220-00065346 Wowwww RMC_2nEcgfc-00200-00065414-00065680 Are those like truffles? RMC_2nEcgfc-00201-00065688-00065760 What is it? RMC_2nEcgfc-00202-00065850-00066002 It's buckwheat and... RMC_2nEcgfc-00203-00066074-00066466 and the 100% cocoa powder RMC_2nEcgfc-00204-00066472-00067162 yeah it's very bitter because of that but my mum other dates and some other fruits so it's quite sweet RMC_2nEcgfc-00205-00067394-00067490 Mmm delicious RMC_2nEcgfc-00206-00067490-00067594 It's so crunchy RMC_2nEcgfc-00207-00067602-00067844 It's so different from what I've made RMC_2nEcgfc-00208-00068140-00068354 So I feel bad now RMC_2nEcgfc-00209-00068414-00068582 Why this food (Ram-Don)? RMC_2nEcgfc-00210-00068582-00068974 It's a quite strange recipe isn't it When you think about it.. RMC_2nEcgfc-00211-00068974-00069562 Beef with instant noodles. What did you think about that scene? RMC_2nEcgfc-00212-00069562-00069970 Before you mentioned it, I've never thought this was a strange recipe RMC_2nEcgfc-00213-00069970-00070702 because I didn't consider it like.. the meat is not that expensive so for me RMC_2nEcgfc-00214-00070702-00071161 like here so I didn't recognise that contrast but maybe RMC_2nEcgfc-00215-00071161-00071720 when said can you make, what's the name? Namdon? What's the name of the recipe? RMC_2nEcgfc-00216-00071762-00071998 Ah, Ram-Don. Jjapaguri RMC_2nEcgfc-00217-00072028-00072078 Okay RMC_2nEcgfc-00218-00072356-00072460 Okay "that one" RMC_2nEcgfc-00219-00072478-00072876 Jjapaguri? but it said "Ram-Don", right? RMC_2nEcgfc-00220-00072876-00073038 Yeah, Ram-Don in translation RMC_2nEcgfc-00221-00073324-00073786 What's interesting is that she asked for something and it was like a shock back RMC_2nEcgfc-00222-00073786-00074116 to reality because she turned around and she said what the hell is Ram-Don? RMC_2nEcgfc-00223-00074116-00074899 yeah so maybe it's like a call back to reality that they don't belong there RMC_2nEcgfc-00224-00074899-00075380 because that is a simple recipe.. RMC_2nEcgfc-00225-00075380-00075550 but it's not shared you mean? RMC_2nEcgfc-00226-00075550-00076132 So the instant noodles and Sirloin steak are almost same thing in there RMC_2nEcgfc-00227-00076132-00076522 Sirloin steak, I think this amount of steak, if it was Korea RMC_2nEcgfc-00228-00076522-00077000 I'll have to pay like £30 pound Sirloin steak is very expensive RMC_2nEcgfc-00229-00077000-00077810 I've paid £8 for the two chunks of steak but if it was Korea, about £20 to £30 RMC_2nEcgfc-00230-00077810-00077930 It's very expensive RMC_2nEcgfc-00231-00077930-00078408 You can't put that .. chop it and put it in the instant noodles RMC_2nEcgfc-00232-00078408-00078690 Yeah but it's £20 for such a rich family RMC_2nEcgfc-00233-00078690-00078970 even if it was £30 pounds, it will be nothing for them RMC_2nEcgfc-00234-00078976-00079590 There's a situation also um.. between people poor people and rich people RMC_2nEcgfc-00235-00079590-00080070 This side, they just order like, "You make food" RMC_2nEcgfc-00236-00080070-00080398 and the poor people just serve RMC_2nEcgfc-00237-00080398-00080820 serving to rich people I think in my opinion you can see RMC_2nEcgfc-00238-00080820-00081382 this is a society of food - so rich people and poor people are mixed RMC_2nEcgfc-00239-00081388-00081952 but there are two sides like an order and serving RMC_2nEcgfc-00240-00081990-00082366 And the CEO keep mentioning about the line RMC_2nEcgfc-00241-00082462-00082542 Which line? RMC_2nEcgfc-00242-00082542-00082886 He says like, I don't like people who... RMC_2nEcgfc-00243-00082886-00083032 cross the line RMC_2nEcgfc-00244-00083032-00083444 "even though he almost does, he never crosses the line" RMC_2nEcgfc-00245-00083444-00083886 Yeah but our society is mixed rich people poor people RMC_2nEcgfc-00246-00083886-00084292 but there is a line yeah but still be living together RMC_2nEcgfc-00247-00084292-00085036 I think the director wanted to show people that we're mixed but there is a line RMC_2nEcgfc-00248-00085040-00085458 I'm not saying this kind of food culture is good but... RMC_2nEcgfc-00249-00085458-00085806 I appreciate the creativity of it RMC_2nEcgfc-00250-00085806-00086194 mixing the noodles and invent the new flavour.. RMC_2nEcgfc-00251-00086196-00087060 Even though they give a proper recipe, how much water you boil, how long and this amount of things... RMC_2nEcgfc-00252-00087060-00087516 but people don't follow that recipe and try something else RMC_2nEcgfc-00253-00087516-00087892 That's kind of a Korean thing I think RMC_2nEcgfc-00254-00087892-00088244 Do Japanese people do a similar thing? RMC_2nEcgfc-00255-00088244-00088568 like.. change the recipe of like instant things RMC_2nEcgfc-00256-00088568-00088900 Some people do, but most people just eat... RMC_2nEcgfc-00257-00088900-00089360 It's kind of like a government's guideline isn't it, when you think about it RMC_2nEcgfc-00258-00089360-00089790 You have to do that and that and that... but people don't follow it RMC_2nEcgfc-00259-00089790-00089958 So you're revolutionary in that RMC_2nEcgfc-00260-00089958-00090008 Yes RMC_2nEcgfc-00261-00090008-00090546 Thank you so much for coming and enjoying the Jjapaguri and Mandu(dumplings) RMC_2nEcgfc-00262-00090560-00090738 Ram-Don! RMC_2nEcgfc-00263-00090738-00091046 "Ram-Don" was a good translation RMC_2nEcgfc-00264-00091054-00091548 Yeah the guy, the person who actually did the translation must've had fun RMC_2nEcgfc-00265-00091548-00092062 I think he tried to find something that Western people could connect to RMC_2nEcgfc-00266-00092062-00092588 I actually thought about Ramen and Udon when I heard Ramdon, so that was a good job RMC_2nEcgfc-00267-00092588-00092834 So anyway, thank you for the food RMC_2nEcgfc-00268-00092834-00093002 No thank you so much! RMC_2nEcgfc-00269-00093006-00093134 It's like sawadee ka RMC_2nEcgfc-00270-00093146-00093560 khob khun ka RMC_2nEcgfc-00271-00093560-00093902 Gamsamnida Gamsamnida RMC_2nEcgfc-00272-00093906-00094212 Annyeong - see you later! RNFG2tNvNWy-00000-00000007-00000208 Today RNFG2tNvNWy-00001-00000208-00000505 Atheism RNFG2tNvNWy-00002-00000505-00000700 And the kufr RNFG2tNvNWy-00003-00000700-00000907 Is raising the sword RNFG2tNvNWy-00004-00000907-00001402 And welcome to the age of Obam RNFG2tNvNWy-00005-00001402-00001600 Obamism RNFG2tNvNWy-00006-00001600-00001707 And Clintonism RNFG2tNvNWy-00007-00001707-00002201 After the age of Bushism and Condolism RNFG2tNvNWy-00008-00002201-00002601 Welcome, To the new age RNFG2tNvNWy-00009-00002809-00003103 Arabs Rejected, To inherit the greatness RNFG2tNvNWy-00010-00003103-00003801 And the dignity, And the honor of the Ummah of Muhammed SWS RNFG2tNvNWy-00011-00007409-00007904 Indeed, We are in a very difficult time RNFG2tNvNWy-00012-00007904-00008400 Its a very shameful time that we are in RNFG2tNvNWy-00013-00008400-00008602 That we clean ourselves RNFG2tNvNWy-00014-00008602-00009009 We wanted to suffocate the voice of our own people RNFG2tNvNWy-00015-00009009-00009304 Asking for freedom and human rights RNFG2tNvNWy-00016-00009304-00009503 Dignity RNFG2tNvNWy-00017-00009503-00009805 But these people who betrayed Allah (Almighty) RNFG2tNvNWy-00018-00009805-00010003 Betrayed the Deen RNFG2tNvNWy-00019-00010003-00010108 Betrayed the Faith RNFG2tNvNWy-00020-00010108-00010304 Betrayed the land RNFG2tNvNWy-00021-00010304-00010802 Betrayed the Honor of the Ummah of Muhammed SWS RNFG2tNvNWy-00022-00011100-00011401 Allah (Almighty) Said RNFG2tNvNWy-00023-00013509-00013800 Allah (Almighty) Said RNFG2tNvNWy-00024-00013800-00014207 For those who are inheriting the Earth RNFG2tNvNWy-00025-00014207-00014709 In succession, From the people who had it before them RNFG2tNvNWy-00026-00014709-00015302 Wouldn't that make sense to them, Can't the understand that if we will RNFG2tNvNWy-00027-00015302-00015606 We would punish them RNFG2tNvNWy-00028-00015606-00015900 With their Sins RNFG2tNvNWy-00029-00015900-00016003 And RNFG2tNvNWy-00030-00016003-00016401 Seal up their Hearts RNFG2tNvNWy-00031-00016401-00016705 So they do not hear anything RNFG2tNvNWy-00032-00016705-00016808 Hearing the wisdom RNFG2tNvNWy-00033-00016809-00017300 That is you could contemplate what is going on around you RNFG2tNvNWy-00034-00019306-00019700 Indeed the crimes were committed against the Muslim Ummah (People) RNFG2tNvNWy-00035-00019700-00019909 The Muslim people RNFG2tNvNWy-00036-00019909-00020600 And the whole wide world were witnessing to it RNFG2tNvNWy-00037-00020600-00021206 Underline those the Massacare that happened in Bosnia, Herzegovina RNFG2tNvNWy-00038-00021206-00021805 And the Massacres of Kosova RNFG2tNvNWy-00039-00021805-00022503 Massacres in Iraq, And the Massacres on Palestine RNFG2tNvNWy-00040-00022503-00023301 For the last sixty years RNFG2tNvNWy-00041-00023406-00024007 It's not far, When we witness, The crimes, The Massacres against the Palestine RNFG2tNvNWy-00042-00024007-00024706 Against the Ghazan People, With the cooperation of Egypt RNFG2tNvNWy-00043-00024706-00025208 And the Bene Yarub, And the rest of the Arabs RNFG2tNvNWy-00044-00026406-00026509 And how often RNFG2tNvNWy-00045-00026608-00027104 That the Suez canal, And the land of Kuwait RNFG2tNvNWy-00046-00027104-00027500 Witnesses, Or Participated RNFG2tNvNWy-00047-00027500-00027708 To slaughter the Iraq RNFG2tNvNWy-00048-00030901-00031303 Indeed These Arab regimes they have passed RNFG2tNvNWy-00049-00031303-00031609 The shame on their own land RNFG2tNvNWy-00050-00031609-00031805 On their own faith RNFG2tNvNWy-00051-00031805-00032200 On their own glory, And in all history RNFG2tNvNWy-00052-00032200-00032605 And here today we are asking RNFG2tNvNWy-00053-00032605-00033101 The most, The first of our enemy's, To help us RNFG2tNvNWy-00054-00033101-00033408 Against our own Rulers RNFG2tNvNWy-00055-00033408-00033608 Who are killing us RNFG2tNvNWy-00056-00033608-00034005 Threatening us, Terrorizing us RNFG2tNvNWy-00057-00034005-00034409 We are going to kill you, Going after you from door to door RNFG2tNvNWy-00058-00034409-00034703 From an Apartment to apartment RNFG2tNvNWy-00059-00034703-00035302 No mercy RNFG2tNvNWy-00060-00035302-00036106 Look at that Lunatic, When he is threatening his own people he is saying no Mercy RNFG2tNvNWy-00061-00036106-00036507 And Allah (Almighty) is the most Mercyful RNFG2tNvNWy-00062-00036507-00036901 How often we commit crimes RNFG2tNvNWy-00063-00036901-00037207 In offence to Allah (Almighty) and Muhammed SWS RNFG2tNvNWy-00064-00037207-00037509 And Allah (Almighty) forgive us RNFG2tNvNWy-00065-00037509-00038303 But that, Infinitism being said no Mercy RNFG2tNvNWy-00066-00038700-00039100 This is the shame that the Muslim Ummah living in RNFG2tNvNWy-00067-00040608-00041305 And here came after their late, After a long sleep thay awakening of the youth RNFG2tNvNWy-00068-00041305-00041700 Of the Ummah of Muhammed SWS RNFG2tNvNWy-00069-00041700-00042102 And here we hear the cries RNFG2tNvNWy-00070-00042102-00042307 That filled the Arab world RNFG2tNvNWy-00071-00042307-00042906 Asking for freedom and human rights and dignity RNFG2tNvNWy-00072-00045506-00045806 But Allah (Almighty ) said in the Glorious Quraan RNFG2tNvNWy-00073-00045806-00046108 And if these people read the Quraan RNFG2tNvNWy-00074-00046108-00046504 The would have never done what they are doing RNFG2tNvNWy-00075-00046504-00047003 Allah (Almighty) gives us the parable of Pharaoh RNFG2tNvNWy-00076-00047003-00047209 And Allah (Almighty) said indeed RNFG2tNvNWy-00077-00047209-00047707 Pharaoh has elated himself in the land RNFG2tNvNWy-00078-00047707-00048300 And sub-divide, Broke up his people into Sects and Sections RNFG2tNvNWy-00079-00048300-00048706 Some, He Terrorized, RNFG2tNvNWy-00080-00048706-00049107 Killing their own, The males, And keeping the females RNFG2tNvNWy-00081-00049107-00049504 That is for the enjoyment of the Egyptians RNFG2tNvNWy-00082-00049504-00049704 Of the Pharaoh RNFG2tNvNWy-00083-00049704-00050208 And we want to be gracious to these people who were depressed RNFG2tNvNWy-00084-00050208-00050503 That is by Pharaoh RNFG2tNvNWy-00085-00050503-00051409 And we give them leadership, And to inherit, That is the faith RNFG2tNvNWy-00086-00051409-00052007 And they ,Our Rulers of the Muslim world today RNFG2tNvNWy-00087-00052007-00052205 They did RNFG2tNvNWy-00088-00052205-00053101 What Pharaoh never thought, Never dared, Never came to his mind to do RNFG2tNvNWy-00089-00053101-00053403 Our Rulers of today RNFG2tNvNWy-00090-00053403-00053602 For what? RNFG2tNvNWy-00091-00053602-00054004 To stay more years as a chief RNFG2tNvNWy-00092-00054004-00054202 To loot more money RNFG2tNvNWy-00093-00054202-00054406 That you will never finish it RNFG2tNvNWy-00094-00054406-00054806 Until you and the whole descendants of your family, Die RNFG2tNvNWy-00095-00054806-00055109 Until the end of time RNFG2tNvNWy-00096-00055109-00055307 Why? Dunia RNFG2tNvNWy-00097-00055307-00055803 You sell your Akhirah for few pennies of this dunia RNFG2tNvNWy-00098-00055803-00056104 Indeed the revolt of the youth RNFG2tNvNWy-00099-00056104-00056507 In the Muslim umma, In the Arab world today RNFG2tNvNWy-00100-00056507-00057008 In these are indicatives of good RNFG2tNvNWy-00101-00057008-00057407 And InshaAllah will be a barakah, On the Umma RNFG2tNvNWy-00102-00057407-00057606 Allah (Almighty) RNFG2tNvNWy-00103-00057606-00058704 Sura Al-Imran RNFG2tNvNWy-00104-00058704-00059007 Subhana WataaAlaa When the time has come he said RNFG2tNvNWy-00105-00059007-00059305 Be and it was RNFG2tNvNWy-00106-00059305-00059801 He give the power to whom Subhan wataala he pleases RNFG2tNvNWy-00107-00059801-00060504 And strip off the power, From those Whom Ala, As he pleases Subhan WataaAlaa RNFG2tNvNWy-00108-00060504-00060804 He give the honor as he pleases Subhan_WataAlla ROVbkzWDACo-00000-00000597-00001004 We were talking about the potential partnership ROVbkzWDACo-00001-00001004-00001334 specifically around digitization of collections. ROVbkzWDACo-00002-00001334-00001845 But there's been a concern about the safety of these records ROVbkzWDACo-00003-00001845-00002318 because where the park is situated, wildfires especially in the ROVbkzWDACo-00004-00002318-00002615 past few years have been an annual threat. ROVbkzWDACo-00005-00002615-00003039 And so it was very much on Ward Eldredge's mind, ROVbkzWDACo-00006-00003039-00003390 the long term safekeeping of these records. ROVbkzWDACo-00007-00003390-00003797 And he pointed out that UC Merced ROVbkzWDACo-00008-00003797-00004290 is located is probably in one of the few areas in California ROVbkzWDACo-00009-00004290-00004657 that is outside of a high risk fire zone ROVbkzWDACo-00010-00004657-00005165 and also outside of the risk of earthquake threat. ROVbkzWDACo-00011-00005165-00005612 And it was just no question that we would do whatever we could ROVbkzWDACo-00012-00005612-00005775 to bring them here. ROVbkzWDACo-00013-00005925-00006096 It really was, it was. ROVbkzWDACo-00014-00006096-00006389 The ash and everything yeah, it was falling down. ROVbkzWDACo-00015-00006389-00007610 Hundreds of boxes of collections and also those cabinets of plant specimens and baskets, so artifacts as well. ROVbkzWDACo-00016-00007610-00008171 And because the residents in the area were also being called to evacuate, ROVbkzWDACo-00017-00008171-00008521 there was just this shortage, he couldn't find a van, ROVbkzWDACo-00018-00008521-00008888 or, you know a truck. So in the course of a day ROVbkzWDACo-00019-00008888-00009192 we managed to make arrangements. ROVbkzWDACo-00020-00009616-00010010 Anyone interested in the history of this very special place, ROVbkzWDACo-00021-00010010-00010300 the history of the sequoia trees. ROVbkzWDACo-00022-00010300-00010700 This is the one place where these trees live. ROVbkzWDACo-00023-00010700-00011167 Understanding what is unique about the environment. ROVbkzWDACo-00024-00011167-00012052 The rangers and the interpreters who want to then provide that history to the general public. ROVbkzWDACo-00025-00012052-00012479 Also to scholars who want to really investigate, you know, ROVbkzWDACo-00026-00012479-00012819 "What does it mean to manage public lands?" ROVbkzWDACo-00027-00012819-00013196 "What's effective in terms of management practices?" ROVbkzWDACo-00028-00013276-00013766 Well we're going to work wtth the park service ROVbkzWDACo-00029-00013766-00014220 to make sure that they are going to stay safe. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00000-00005086-00005475 I'M ALSO GOING TO BE PRESENTING THE WORK OF MY COLLABORATORS AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00001-00005475-00006661 TALKING ABOUT PLATFORMS AND THE USUAL DISCLAIMERS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00002-00006661-00006984 WHEN I SAY VARIANT, THAT MEANS ANY DIFFERENCE -- RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00003-00006984-00008344 -- RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00004-00008344-00008675 MIGHT END UP BEING A PATHOGENIC VARIANT BUT YOU HAVEN'T RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00005-00008675-00009393 IDENTIFIED THAT YET. I'M GOING TO START MENTIONING A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00006-00009393-00009683 FEW THINGS ABOUT PROJECT DESIGN, HOPEFULLY NOT OVERLAPPING TOO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00007-00009683-00010076 MUCH WITH THE GREAT TALKS THIS MORNING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00008-00010076-00010369 THE CORE OF THE TALK WILL BE DISCUSSIONS ON HOW TO INTEGRATE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00009-00010369-00010872 OTHER TECHNOLOGIES WITH EXOME ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE CHANCES OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00010-00010872-00011315 SUCCESS, IN PARTICULAR SNP ARRAYS AND ALSO PHENOTYPE AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00011-00011315-00011740 FAMILY HISTORY DATA AND AT THE END I'LL TALK ABOUT VALIDATION RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00012-00011740-00012097 AND ADD COMMENTS TO WHAT HAS BEEN TALKED ABOUT BEFORE AND THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00013-00012097-00012581 SAME FOR REANALYSIS FOR UNINFORMATIVE DATASETS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00014-00012581-00012967 BECAUSE OF MY BACKGROUND, THE EXAMPLES I'M GOING USE ARE GOING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00015-00012967-00013572 TO BE FOR MANDELIAN INHERITED DISEASES AND HIGH PENETRANTS, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00016-00013572-00013865 SMALL NUMBER OF GENES IN HUMANS, HOPEFULLY THERE WILL BE SOME RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00017-00013865-00014156 OVERLAP IF YOU WORK WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROJECTS AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00018-00014156-00014609 SOMEBODY'S PHONE IS UP HERE -- THAT'S OKAY. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00019-00014609-00015781 I DON'T THINK IT'S MY FINANCIAL ADVISOR. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00020-00015781-00016240 AND THE BASIC PROBLEM YOU USUALLY WHEN YOU GO TO LOOK FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00021-00016240-00016504 THE NEEDLE IN THE HAY STACK, END UP WEAPON A BIG PILE OF NEEDLES RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00022-00016504-00017320 AND YOU NEED TO PICK WHICH ONE IS YOUR DISEASE-CAUSING VARIANT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00023-00017320-00017524 SO HOW CAN YOU IMPROVE YOUR CHANCES OF SUCCESS? RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00024-00017524-00017794 THERE HAVE BEEN A LOT OF EXAMPLES THIS MORNING OF HOW RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00025-00017794-00018362 CAREFUL PROJECT SELECTION CAN IMPROVE THE OUTCOME OF AN EXOME RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00026-00018362-00018670 PROJECT AND I'LL GIVE AN EXAMPLE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00027-00018670-00019035 YOU CAN USE PARALLEL ANALYSIS. I'M GOING TO USE THE SNP RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00028-00019035-00019144 CHAMPIONSHIP ARRAY AS AN EXAMPLE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00029-00019144-00019545 BUT THERE ARE LOTS OF THINGS YOU CAN CONSIDER INCLUDING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00030-00019545-00019920 PHENOTYPING AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00031-00019920-00020267 SO LOTS OF VARIABLES TO CONSIDER IN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN LIFT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00032-00020267-00020545 EPING TO THE QUESTIONS BEFORE THE BREAK, IT WAS CLEAR THAT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00033-00020545-00020917 PEOPLE ARE, SOME PEOPLE ARE STARTING EARLY IN THE PROCESS OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00034-00020917-00021265 SEQUENCING DATA COLLECTION AND OTHER PEOPLE ARE ANALYZING DATA RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00035-00021265-00021681 THAT HAS BEEN OBTAINED THROUGH A COLLABORATOR AND EVEN ANALYSIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00036-00021681-00021914 CAN BE BROKEN INTO A BUNCH OF DIFFERENT PIECES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00037-00021914-00022259 BEFORE YOU START THE PROJECT IT'S WORTH THINKING ABOUT HOW TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00038-00022259-00022466 CARRY OUT ALL THESE DISPENSE WHICH THINGS YOU'RE GOING TO DO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00039-00022466-00022918 YOURSELF AND THEN COLLABORATIVELY. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00040-00022918-00023212 WE SEE MANY FAMILIES AND ONLY HAVE THE RESOURCES TO APPLY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00041-00023212-00023472 EXOME SEQUENCING TO A FEW OF THEM. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00042-00023472-00024101 WE HAVE A TOOL THAT WE USE TROUGH PRIORITIZE THE FAMILIES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00043-00024101-00024611 THE PHENOTYPE MORE MULTIFACTORIAL OR IS IT GENETIC, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00044-00024611-00024960 ONSET, SEVERE? IS THE MATERIAL AVAILABLE SINGLE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00045-00024960-00025332 INDIVIDUAL, OR FAMILY. IS IT A PHENOTYPE THAT OVERLAPS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00046-00025332-00025720 WITH COMMON CONDITIONS OR SEVERE AND COMPELLING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00047-00025720-00025970 DOES THE FAMILY SHOW MULTIAPPROXIMATELY INDIVIDUALS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00048-00025970-00026343 OR ONLY ONE? WE NEED TO USE THIS KIND OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00049-00026343-00026835 RUBRIC BECAUSE OUR FAMILIES, WE DON'T HAVE A LARGE PEDIGREE WITH RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00050-00026835-00027370 LOTS OF PEOPLE ON A CLEAR PATTERN OF INHERITANCE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00051-00027370-00027783 SO FOR ALL THE TYPE OF ANALYSIS THAT YOU MAY ADD TO AN EXOME RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00052-00027783-00028022 PROJECT, THAT INCLUDES THE FILTERING THINGS WE HEARD ABOUT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00053-00028022-00028339 EARLIER, AND ALSO THE THINGS I WILL TALK ABOUT TODAY IS WORTH RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00054-00028339-00028820 ASKING A FEW QUESTIONS. I'M GOING TO USE THE SNP ARRAY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00055-00028820-00029393 DATA TO EXPLORE SOME OF THOSE AND AS I MENTIONED, WE'LL RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00056-00029393-00029668 INCLUDE SOME OTHER EXAMPLES AND I WOULD LIKE TO TOUCH ON AT THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00057-00029668-00030037 END USING ACCUMULATED DATE FOR MULTIPLE EXOME PROJECTS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00058-00030037-00030420 SOMETHING THAT CAME UP DURING THE QUESTION SESSION. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00059-00030420-00030683 SO IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE CRITERIA YOU MIGHT USE TO DECIDE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00060-00030683-00031204 WHETHER A FILTER IS WORTH DOING, OR AN ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00061-00031204-00031582 DATA OR DNA AND WORTH DOING, YOU FIRST WANT TO ASK HOW MUCH OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00062-00031582-00031872 THE VARIANT LIST WILL BE REDUCED. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00063-00031872-00032238 IT'S WORTH THE TROUBLE OF DOING THAT STEP. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00064-00032238-00032550 AND THE SECOND THING YOU WANT TO ASK IS HOW ERROR PRONE IS IT? RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00065-00032550-00033139 THERE IS A NICE PRESENTATION ABOUT TRYING TO GET A SENSE FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00066-00033139-00033638 WHETHER TRUE VARIANTS WERE THROWN OUT OR FALSE VARIANTS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00067-00033638-00034210 THAT YOUR ANALYSIS IS DESIGNED TO EXCLUDE OR IN FACT INCLUDED. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00068-00034210-00034496 AND WE HEARD ABOUT EXAMPLES OF THAT, FOR INSTANCE, DB SNP CAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00069-00034496-00034902 BE A POWERFUL TOOL USED IN A LOT OF STUDIES BUT IT CAN FALL INTO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00070-00034902-00035171 BOTH OF THOSE ERROR CATEGORIES PRETTY EASILY WHEREAS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00071-00035171-00035496 SEGREGATION FILTERING, IF YOU HAVE HIGH QUALITY DATA AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00072-00035496-00035988 CORRECT GENETIC MODEL HAS VERY FAVORABLE CHARACTERISTICS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00073-00035988-00036293 SO LET'S DIVE INTO TALKING ABOUT SNPS SINCE WE'LL TALK ABOUT SNP RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00074-00036293-00036725 ARRAY. A #IS A SINGLE BASE IN A DEFINED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00075-00036725-00037064 GENOMIC POSITION. THE EXACT NUCLEOTIDE VARIES IN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00076-00037064-00037489 THE POPULATION AND THE LOCATION ITSELF IS DEFINED BY CONSERVED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00077-00037489-00037820 SEQUENCES NEARBY. AND YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR WITH RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00078-00037820-00038264 THIS LOGOTYPE OF DISPLAY WHERE THE HEIGHT OF EACH ONE OF THESE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00079-00038264-00038578 POSITIONS IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE CONSERVATION. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00080-00038578-00038910 THIS IS THE ONE END OF THE MAMMALIAN SPLICE SITE AND THE G RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00081-00038910-00039279 AND T ARE HIGHLY CONSERVED WHEREAS YOU CAN SEE THERE ARE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00082-00039279-00039596 TWO NUCLEOTIDES THAT ARE COMMONLY FOUND AT THIS SITE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00083-00039596-00039946 AND THE MOST COMMONLY ALLELE IS CALLED THE A ALLELE OR MAJOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00084-00039946-00040352 ALLELE AND THE LESS COMMON IS THE MINOR OR B ALLELE AND A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00085-00040352-00040642 PERFECT SITE WOULD HAVE LOTS OF HIGHLY CONSERVED SEQUENCE TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00086-00040642-00041324 DEFINE THE POSITION OF THE SNP AND A SNP WITH TWO NUCLEOTIDES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00087-00041324-00041744 SO THE WAY THAT ASSAYS FOR SNPS ARE CARRIED OUT IS THAT THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00088-00041744-00041957 TECHNIQUE WHICH I'M NOT GOING GOING TO EXPLORE IN DETAIL USES RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00089-00041957-00042305 A DIFFERENT FLOR FORFOR THE TWO NUCLEOTIDES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00090-00042305-00042633 THIS IS A GRAPH FROM THE STUDIO WHICH IS A TOOL WE USE TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00091-00042633-00043040 ANALYZE THIS TYPE OF DATA. ALONG THE LEFT IS THE INTENSITY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00092-00043040-00043569 FOR THE B ALLELE AND ALONG THE BOTTOM IS THE A ALLELE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00093-00043569-00043902 EACH ONE OF THESE SPOTS REPRESENTS A INDIVIDUAL PERSON. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00094-00043902-00044312 SO THIS GRAVIS FOR ONE SNP WITH MULTIPLE INDIVIDUALS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00095-00044312-00044788 AND BY QUANTITATING THE FLUORESCENCE, YOU CAN CREATE A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00096-00044788-00045071 GENOTYPE. SO THIS IS ALL B, THIS IS ALL A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00097-00045071-00045357 AND THIS IS ABOUT HALF INTENSITY OF EACH OF THOSE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00098-00045357-00045660 SO THOSE ARE CALLED HETEROZYGOTES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00099-00045660-00046186 AND THOSE SAME PRINCIPLES CAN BE USED TO DEFINE HEMIZYGOTE SPOTS, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00100-00046186-00046509 DUPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS COMBINATIONS AND PLACE WHERE IS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00101-00046509-00047182 THERE IS TOTAL DELETION. SO THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00102-00047182-00047402 COMPLICATED SLIDE SO BEAR WITH ME. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00103-00047402-00047707 THIS IS A DISPLAY FROM GENOME STUDIO AND TWO THINGS TO POINT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00104-00047707-00048569 OUT BEFORE EACH DOT WAS FROM SNP IN THIS CASE, THE DOTS ARE A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00105-00048569-00048902 SERIES OF SNPS FROM LEFT TO RIGHT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00106-00048902-00049149 THERE IS ONLY TWO PATIENTS HERE. THE ONE WITH THE BLUE AND THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00107-00049149-00049574 ONE WITH THE YELLOW. THERE ARE TWO IMPORTANT PLOTS TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00109-00052730-00053858 IS THE -- IF THE REFERENCE INTENSITY AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00110-00053858-00054152 THE TOTAL INTENSITY ARE THE SAME IT'S A LOG OF ONE OVER ONE OR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00111-00054152-00054719 ZERO AND THEY CLUSTER ALONG THE ZERO LINE HERE AND IF YOU HAVE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00112-00054719-00055263 OR IF THE LOG IS .5 OVER 1, THEN YOU GET A DECREASE AND YOU CAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00113-00055263-00055599 SEE ALONG THE BOTTOM HERE THAT THESE ARE SLIGHTLY SHIFTED DOWN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00114-00055599-00055888 AND IF WE GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE, THAT IS BLOWN UP A LITTLE BIT SO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00115-00055888-00056291 THE B ALLELE PLOT SHOWS NO HETEROZYGOTES AND THERE IS A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00116-00056291-00056700 SHIFT HERE FOR SINGLE COPY DELETIONS AND THIS SAME RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00117-00056700-00057188 TECHNIQUE CAN BE USED FOR DOUBLE COUPE DELETIONS AND FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00118-00057188-00057492 DUPLICATIONS. SO, WHY SHOULD YOU INCLUDE SNP RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00119-00057492-00057786 CHIP ANALYSIS ALONG WITH YOUR EXOME ANALYSIS? RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00120-00057786-00058155 AS YOU SAW THIS MORNING, THE SHORT READS FROM SNP OR FROM RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00121-00058155-00058462 EXOME ANALYSIS TEND TO PILE UP OVER REGIONS OF INTEREST OVER RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00122-00058462-00058851 THE EXON HERE AND FOR THE SNP, THESE ARE MUCH LESS DENSE, THEY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00123-00058851-00059365 ARE SPREAD OUT ACROSS THE GENOME. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00124-00059365-00059862 THIS IS EASIER TO SEE IF YOU LOOK AT CHROMOSOMES NOW AND AT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00125-00059862-00060291 EVERY PLACE EXCEPT FOR SOME SENT MERIC REGIONS, THERE IS A DENSE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00126-00060291-00060798 COVERAGE OF SNPS THAT COVER MOST ALL OF THE GENOME. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00127-00060798-00061466 AND SO THIS REALLY PROVIDES A SURVEY OF THE STRUCTURE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00128-00061466-00061744 THIS IS ONE WAY TO GET DOSAGE ABNORMALITIES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00129-00061744-00062332 IT'S CHEAPER THAN DOING GENOMES. SO FOR 200-300 DOLLARS A POP, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00130-00062332-00062667 YOU CAN DOE SNP ANALYSIS ON FAMILIES WHERE COSTS MAYBE 5000 RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00131-00062667-00062960 DOLLARS TO DO A GENOME. SO YOU CAN DO THIS ANALYSIS AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00132-00062960-00063194 COMBINE IT WITH YOUR EXOME ANALYSIS FOR LESS MONEY THAN IT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00133-00063194-00063537 WOULD COST TO DO EVERYTHING WITH GENOME. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00134-00063537-00063845 YOU CAN DETECT THINGS LIKE DOSAGE CHANGES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00135-00063845-00064894 YOU CAN DETECT CHROME SOMAL MOSAICISM AND -- RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00136-00064894-00065371 [READING] THERE IS A QUESTION BEFORE THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00137-00065371-00065797 BREAK ABOUT A CASE OF DOING AN ANALYSIS IN SUCH A ANOMALOUS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00138-00065797-00066227 CONTINUOUS MEMO ZYGOSITY. AND WE'LL TALK ABOUT EACH ONE OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00139-00066227-00066544 THESE. SO AS FAR AS DETECTING DOSAGE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00140-00066544-00066702 CHANGES, YOU HAVE A COUPLE OF OPTIONS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00141-00066702-00066969 YOU CAN USE THE MANUFACTURER PROVIDED SOFTWARE AND LOOK AT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00142-00066969-00067308 THE B ALLELE FREQUENCY. ANOTHER THING IS THERE IS A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00143-00067308-00067891 PIECE OF SOFTWARE CALLED PEN ZNZ WHICH WILL AUTOMATICALLY DETECT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00144-00067891-00068235 REGIONS OF DOSAGE CHANGES AND WILL PRINT OUT A LIST AND THAT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00145-00068235-00068905 CAN BE INTEGRATED USING JAMIE'S BAR SISTER TOOL INTO A SET OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00146-00068905-00069408 INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE REGIONS TO COP BINE WITH YOUR EXOME DATA. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00147-00069408-00069651 SO HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THIS WAS USEFUL FOR ONE OF OUR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00148-00069651-00069912 UNIQUE CASES. THIS IS A 10-YEAR-OLD MALE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00149-00069912-00070348 COMPLEX NEUROLOGIC PHENOTYPE AND WE GUESSED THAT THIS WAS GOING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00150-00070348-00070602 TO BE AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE. IT COULD HAVE BEEN DOMINANT AS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00151-00070602-00070888 WELL AND WE APPLIED MULTIPLE FILTERS AS WE DISCUSSED THIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00152-00070888-00071252 MORNING AND DIDN'T FIND ANYTHING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00153-00071252-00071569 SO WE REANALYZED THE DATA WITH NEW FILTERING TOOLS THAT WERE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00154-00071569-00072064 USING SOMETHING DEVELOPED BY SOMEONE IN OUR GROUP, VARMD. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00155-00072064-00072706 WHICH AUTO MATES THE FILTERING STEPS AND ALLOWS YOU TO RELAX RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00156-00072706-00072969 SOME OF THE FILTERING CONSTRAINTS WE TALKED ABOUT THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00157-00072969-00073272 ROLE OF DOING THAT IN ITERATIVE ANALYSIS PROCESS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00158-00073272-00073508 AND WE FOUND A CANDIDATE. NOW THIS CANDIDATE HAD RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00159-00073508-00073769 ORIGINALLY BEEN THROWN OUT BECAUSE IT DIDN'T FOLLOW THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00160-00073769-00074400 RULES OF MENDELIAN SEGREGATION SO THE CHILD THAT HAS AA, LITTLE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00161-00074400-00075018 A LITTLE A, COULD NOT HAVE GOTTEN THAT LITTLE A ALLELE FROM RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00162-00075018-00075213 THE MOTHER BECAUSE SHE DIDN'T CARRY IT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00163-00075213-00075506 AND THE GENETICIST IN THE CROWD WILL GUESS THAT IN FACT THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00164-00075506-00075938 MOTHER WAS NOT HOMOZYGOUS BUT HEMIWE HAVE GUS AND THE SNP RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00165-00075938-00076287 CHAMPIONSHIP DATA CONFIRMED THERE WAS A SMALL DELETION THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00166-00076287-00076694 MOTHER HAD SHE PASSED ON TO THE CHILD AND THIS WAS THE CAUSE OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00167-00076694-00077383 HIS DISEASE. SO DUPLICATIONS CAN RESULT IN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00168-00077383-00077718 SUBTLE BUT IMPORTANT CHANGES IN GENE DOSAGE AND YOU CAN CRET A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00169-00077718-00078512 BED FILE. SO, THIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00170-00078512-00079777 TYPE OF -- YOU CAN SEE THERE IS MORE THAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00171-00079777-00080406 THE NORMAL 3 POPULATIONS WE SEE FOR THIS B ALLELE PLOT AND THIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00172-00080406-00080743 SEPARATION OF THESE TWO POPULATIONS OF SNPS IS BECAUSE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00173-00080743-00081106 IN FACT YOU HAVE ONE THAT IS TRIPLE B, ONE IS AAB, ONE IS -- RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00174-00081106-00081648 I'M SORRY, AAB, AAB AND AAA AND THIS TURNS OUT TO BE A CASE OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00175-00081648-00082082 MOW SAY SIMPLE AND THIS TYPE OF MOW SAY SIMPLE CAN BE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00176-00082082-00082567 QUANTITATED FAIRLY ACCURATELY EVEN MORE SO THAN YOU CAN DO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00177-00082567-00082987 WITH KARYOTYPES. SO CONSIDER THE AFFECT OF MOW RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00178-00082987-00083187 SAY SIMPLE ON SEQUENCING QUALITY. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00179-00083187-00083729 HOMOZYGOUS AND HETEROZYGOUS BASE CALLING USE THE RELATIVE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00180-00083729-00084092 PROPORTIONS OF SHORT SEQUENCE READS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00181-00084092-00084397 SO IF YOU HAVE MONTH SAY SIMPLE, IT WILL CHANGE PROPORTION AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00182-00084397-00084666 WILL AFFECT THE QUALITY OF BASE CALLING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00183-00084666-00085045 THEY MAY INDICATE REGIONS OF INTEREST IN THE GENOME AND MAY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00184-00085045-00085437 BE IMPORTANT SOMATICALLY EVOLVING CELLS LIKE CANCER RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00185-00085437-00086131 EXAMPLES WE SAW EARLIER. I THIRD THING IS HOMOZYGOSITY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00186-00086131-00086340 MAPPING. SO HERE IS A NORMAL B ALLELE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00187-00086340-00086806 PLOT. YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE ARE A FEW RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00188-00086806-00087189 GAPS WHERE THEY ARE AT THE CENTROMERES BUT SHEAR A FAMILY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00189-00087189-00087724 THAT HAS MANY LARGE GAPS AND THESE ARE REGIONS OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00190-00087724-00088174 HOMOZYGOSITY AND I CAN HIGHLIGHT THOSE BY PUTTING ARROWS IN THEM. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00191-00088174-00088399 SO THERE ARE MANY MORE THAN YOU WOULD EXPECT TO SEE IN A FAMILY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00192-00088399-00089037 THAT WAS COMPLETELY OUTBRED AND TOM WORK BY TOM IN OUR GROUP, IN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00193-00089037-00089329 HIS WORK HE TOOK A GROUP OF FAMILIES WITH A KNOWN AMOUNT OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00194-00089329-00089727 CONSEN 89ITY AND COMPARED THEM TO THE TOTAL SUM OF LINEAR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00195-00089727-00090043 ELEVENTH OF HOMOZYGOTES IN THE REGION. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00196-00090043-00090510 WITH THIS TYPE OF CALIBRATION YOU CAN DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00197-00090510-00091168 CONSEN BEGINNITY USING THE CHIP. IF YOU WANT TO INCORPORATE THIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00198-00091168-00091719 INTO YOUR DATA, YOU CAN USE THE ILUMINA TO LOOK AT PLOTS AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00199-00091719-00092112 THERE IS ALSO A TOOL CALLED, LINK. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00200-00092112-00092520 AND MANY THE CAPABILITIES IS THE ABILITY TO AUTO DETECT REGIONS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00201-00092520-00092950 OF HOMOZYGOSITY WHICH YOU CAN INCORPORATE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00202-00092950-00093498 HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A CASE, EARLY UDP SUCCESSES WHERE WE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00203-00093498-00093824 FOUND A NEW DISEASE AND IN THIS CASE, IT WAS THE PRESENCE OF A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00204-00093824-00094289 REGION OF HOMOZYGOSITY THAT ALLOWED US TO FIND THE GENE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00205-00094289-00094600 SO YOU CAN IDENTIFY THESE USING B ALLELE PLOTS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00206-00094600-00094832 YOU CAN LOOK AT JUST THE VARIANTS THAT FALL WITHIN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00207-00094832-00095355 HOMOZYGOUS REGION AND IN FACT, THAT IS PROBABLY MAKES UP THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00208-00095355-00095868 BULK OF THE SUCCESSFUL EXOME PAPERS THAT ARE AVAILABLE, IS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00209-00095868-00096279 EXOME PROJECTS DONE WITH HOMOZYGOSITY MAPPING AND IT MAY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00210-00096279-00096581 ALTER THE PLANNING OF NEXT GEN EXPERIMENTS AND TO BE FULLY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00211-00096581-00096985 FORTHCOMING, WE NEVER DID EXOME ON THE PREVIOUS SLIDE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00212-00096985-00097247 THAT STUDY BECAUSE WE FOUND A REGION THAT WE COULD JUST GO AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00213-00097247-00097585 LOOK AT THE GENE WITHOUT DOING EXOME SEQUENCING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00214-00097585-00097960 BUT IT CAN BE INCORPORATED INTO WHICH VARIANTS YOU'RE LOOKING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00215-00097960-00098174 AT. ALSO IN THINKING ABOUT THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00216-00098174-00098641 CONSEN BEGINNITY, OPTIMUM IS PROBABLY SECOND OR THIRD COUSINS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00217-00098641-00098919 OR FURTHER OUT. IF THE FAMILIES ARE TOO RELATED, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00218-00098919-00099367 YOU END UP WITH TOO MANY REGIONS AND THAT'S NOT A VERY EFFECTIVE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00219-00099367-00099893 FILTER FOR YOUR VARIANTS. SO FAR TALKING ABOUT ANALYSIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00220-00099893-00100306 WITH SNP HELPS YOU DOCK USING INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS BUT YOU RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00221-00100306-00100961 CAN ALSO USE BOOLEAN TOOLS, SUCH AS THE ONE THAT JAMIE SHOWED YOU RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00222-00100961-00101402 AND GENOME STUDIO HAS A SET OF TOOLS FOR DOING THESE INQUIRIES RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00223-00101402-00101779 WHERE YOU ASK IF A CERTAIN SET OF SNPS FOLLOWS RULES YOU IMPOSE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00224-00101779-00102226 BASED ON CRITERIA. AND THIS IS USUALLY BASED ON RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00225-00102226-00102507 FAIRLY STRAIGHTFORWARD GENETICS. SO IF THE MOTHER IS AB AND THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00226-00102507-00102907 FATHER IS AA, THEN A CHILD WHO IS AB HAD TO GET THE B ALLELE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00227-00102907-00103155 FROM THE MOTHER BECAUSE SHE WAS THE ONLY ONE THAT HAD A B ALLELE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00228-00103155-00103483 TO GIVE. AND IF AN ADJACENT LOCUS, THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00229-00103483-00104073 SAME IS TRUE, THEN IF SOME CHILDREN ARE AA AND SOME ARE AB, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00230-00104073-00104696 OR SOME ARE AAAB AND SOME ARE AB AND AA AT THE SECOND, THEN A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00231-00104696-00105030 RECOMBINATION IS SUGGESTED AND YOU CAN SEE THAT HERE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00232-00105030-00105464 SO THE PARENTAL GENOTYPE IS ABAB AND THE RECOMBINATION GENOTYPE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00233-00105464-00105993 IS AA/AB. SO TO SET UP A FACILITY TORE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00234-00105993-00106255 CHECK FOR THESE IS FAIRLY STRAIGHTFORWARD WITH A SMALL RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00235-00106255-00106429 FAMILY. AS YOU GET TO LARGER FAMILIES, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00236-00106429-00106743 YOU NEED MORE RULES TO INCORPORATE ALL THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00237-00106743-00107198 POSSIBILITIES. SO I'D LIKE TO CONTRAST THIS A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00238-00107198-00107646 LITTLE BIT WITH FORMAL LINKAGE ANALYSIS AND POSITIONAL MAPPING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00239-00107646-00108158 SUCH AS THAT, THAT WAS TALKED ABOUT EARLIER. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00240-00108158-00108572 CLASSIC LINKAGE ANALYSIS USUALLY USES FAIRLY ROBUST MARKERS, 10 RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00241-00108572-00108736 REPEATS AND THOSE SORTS OF THINGS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00242-00108736-00108963 THEY TEND TO BE FEWER AND MORE WIDELY SPADES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00243-00108963-00109513 THERE ARE ARE 440 IN THE MOST COMMON ABI SETS FOR INSTANCE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00244-00109513-00109990 AND THE ANALYSIS MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE CHANCE OF ADAM RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00245-00109990-00110241 RECOMBINATION BETWEEN THE MARKERS OR OTHER RECOMBINATION RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00246-00110241-00110599 EVENTS. WITH SNP-BASED LINKAGE MAPPING, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00247-00110599-00111075 THE MARKERS ARE LESS ROBUST. THEY CAN BE UNINFORMATIVE AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00248-00111075-00111428 THE SNP GENOTYPE CAN BE WRONG, HOWEVER, YOU HAVE A MUCH HIGHER RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00249-00111428-00111739 DENSITY OF MARKERS AND SO YOU HAVE MANY ASSAYS TO TEST FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00250-00111739-00112002 RECOMBINATIONS AND AT THE END OF THE DAY, THEY ARE DENSE ENOUGH RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00251-00112002-00112300 IT MAKES THE CHANCE OF ADAM RECOMBINATION BETWEEN THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00252-00112300-00112745 INFORMATIVE MARKERS UNLIKELY. SO YOU GET OUT A SLIGHTLY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00253-00112745-00113334 DIFFERENT KIND OF DATA. THIS IS A GRAPH THAT SHOWS THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00254-00113334-00113633 LOG OF THE ODDS RATIO SHOWN ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE BECAUSE THIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00255-00113633-00114102 WAS DONE IN A SMALL FAMILY. THE BLACK PLOT HERE, WHICH IS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00256-00114102-00114358 THE LOG OF THE ODDS RATIO, IT DOESN'T GO UP TO THE HIGH RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00257-00114358-00114740 SIGNIFICANTS LEVEL OF 3 YOU WOULD USE TO CONFIRM A PLACE IN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00258-00114740-00115032 THE WHOLE GENOME BUT REALLY WHAT I WANT TO DO IS CONTRAST THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00259-00115032-00115364 FACT OF THIS CONTINUOUS PLOT WITH THESE DISCRETE INTERVALS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00260-00115364-00115769 THAT YOU GET FROM RECOMBINATION MAPPING USING A CHIP. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00261-00115769-00116083 AND WHEN YOU LOOK AT THESE CLOSE UP, ONCE AGAIN, YOU CAN SEE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00262-00116083-00116417 THERE ARE THESE DISCRETE INTERVAL THAT IS ARE DEFINED BY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00263-00116417-00116923 THE SNP-BASED RECOMBINATION MAP. SO HERE IS AN EXAMPLE TO SHOW RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00264-00116923-00117053 HOW WE USED. ... RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00265-00117053-00117447 IF YOU DO YOUR PHENOTYPING, YOU CAN MAKE A LIST OF DEVELOPMENTAL RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00266-00117447-00117883 GENES AND LOOK AT THOSE. SO HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00267-00117883-00118122 PHENOTYPING HELPED US TO MAKE A DIAGNOSIS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00268-00118122-00118400 THIS IS A 19-YEAR-OLD FEMALE WITH THE BRAIN OF A 19-YEAR-OLD RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00269-00118400-00118752 FEMALE SLOWLY PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGIC DISEASE AND HER RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00270-00118752-00119064 COURSE OF SUGGEST IS LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00271-00119064-00119489 HOWEVER, THAT HAD BEEN EXCLUDED BY THE GOLD STANDARD OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00272-00119489-00119711 ENZYMATIC TESTING. EXOME SEQUENCING DETECTED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00273-00119711-00120020 CANDIDATE VARIANTS IN THAT GENE SO THE COMBINATION OF THOSE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00274-00120020-00120298 MOLECULAR RESULTS PLUS THE FACT THAT WE HAD A CLINICAL SUSPICION RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00275-00120298-00120430 FOR LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE PROMPTED US TO GO AND REDO THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00276-00120430-00120624 GOLD STANDARD TESTING. IN FACT, THAT HAD BEEN A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00277-00120624-00120854 INCORRECT CLINICAL RESULT AND THIS PATIENT HAD ENZYMATIC RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00278-00120854-00121297 ACTIVITY CONSISTENT WITH GENOME 1 GANG LOW SI DOSEIS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00279-00121297-00121803 IN THIS CASE, IT WAS THE COMBINATION OF THE PHENOTYPE AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00280-00121803-00122040 CAREFUL PHENOTYPING AND SUSPICIONS THAT GENERATED PLUS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00281-00122040-00122140 THE MOLECULAR DATA THAT HELPED US. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00282-00122140-00122448 ANOTHER VERY HEALTHY AND ONGOING DEBATE WE HAVE IN OUR LABORATORY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00283-00122448-00122901 IS TO WHETHER SINGLE EXOMES ARE SMALL PED GREASE FOR OUR FAMILY. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00284-00122901-00123219 CLEARLY THEY ARE LESS EXPENSIVE, FEWER TOOLS REQUIRED BUT YOU RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00285-00123219-00123526 WILL GENERATE MORE VARIANTS AND I HOPE TO SHE YOU THAT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00286-00123526-00124102 A SMALL PEDIGREE IS MORE EXPENSIVE AND ADDITIONAL TOOLS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00287-00124102-00124551 AND EXPERTISE ARE REQUIRED BUT YOU GET FEWER CANDIDATE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00288-00124551-00124842 VARIANTS. AND THE FILTRATION THAT YOU CAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00289-00124842-00125348 DO USING THAT PEDIGREE INFORMATION HAS A LOW ERROR RATE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00290-00125348-00125598 IF YOU HAVE A CORRECT GENETIC MODEL AND HIGH QUALITY DATA. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00291-00125598-00125975 YOU CAN THINK OF TWO WAYS OF USING THAT FAMILY DATA. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00292-00125975-00126408 YOU COULD ASK ME, WHY NOT JUST DO A SNP CHAMPIONSHIP AND DO THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00293-00126408-00126581 RECOMBINATION DATA? IT'S NOT THE SAME SET OF THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00294-00126581-00126967 VARIANTS YOU EXCLUDE BY FORCING INDIVIDUAL VARIANTS TO FOLLOW RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00295-00126967-00127152 SEGREGATION THAT HAS MANDELIAN CONSISTENCY. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00296-00127152-00127632 YOU GET A LARGER SET EXCLUDED BY DOING BOTH OF THESE THINGS THAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00297-00127632-00127870 BY JUST DOING ONE OF THEM. THIS GRAPH HAS PAIRED RESULTS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00298-00127870-00128205 SO FOR EVERY LINE UP IN THIS RED SECTION, THERE IS ANOTHER LINE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00299-00128205-00128489 DOWN IN THE BLACK SECTION. ALL OF THE RED TRACES ARE THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00300-00128489-00128749 PATH FILTERING FROM THE BEGINNING AND ENDING OF THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00301-00128749-00128978 PROJECT USING ONLY THE PROBE BAN WHEREAS THE BLACK TRACES ARE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00302-00128978-00129626 USING A PRO BAN PLUS THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00303-00129626-00130045 IS THE LOG ACCUMULATIVE NUMBER OF POST FILTRATION VARIANTS AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00304-00130045-00130417 ALONG THE BOTTOM OF ARE THE FILTERING STEPS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00305-00130417-00130804 IMPORTANTLY, THESE LAST TWO ARE CONTINUOUS COLUMNS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00306-00130804-00131202 THESE ARE THE HETEROZYGOTES AND THESE ARE THE HOMOVIE GOATS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00307-00131202-00131484 WHEN YOU ONLY USE THE PRO BAN FOR THESE FAMILIES, WE HAVE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00308-00131484-00131700 BETWEEN 100 AND 1000 CANDIDATE VARIANTS WHEN WE INCLUDED THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00309-00131700-00132034 FAMILY INFORMATION, WE GOT AROUND 10, SOMETIMES A LITTLE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00310-00132034-00132346 BIT MORE AND SOMETIMES LESS. THIS IS GOING TO VARY WITH THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00311-00132346-00132507 PARTICULAR PROJECT AND CHEMISTRY YOU'RE USING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00312-00132507-00132824 I WANTED TO GIVE YOU EVIDENCE THAT YOU GET IMPROVED FILTRATION RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00313-00132824-00132925 BY INCLUDING EXTRA FAMILY MEMBERS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00314-00132925-00133302 AND HERE IS ANOTHER WAY TO LOOK AT THE SAME THING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00315-00133302-00133538 SO HERE IS LOG OF NUMBER OF VARIANTS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00316-00133538-00133816 EACH ONE OF THESE IS A DIFFERENT EXOME PROJECT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00317-00133816-00134289 AND I'D LIKE YOU TO JUST FOCUS ON THE RED COLUMNS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00318-00134289-00134551 AND THE GENERAL PATTERN I'D LIKE TO POINT OUT IS THE SMALLER RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00319-00134551-00134773 SIMPLER FAMILIES WITH TRIOS ENDED UP GENERATING BETWEEN 100 RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00320-00134773-00135139 AND 1000 VARIANTS ON AVERAGE AND THE ONES THAT HAD MORE FAMILY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00321-00135139-00135469 MEMBERS INCLUDED GENERATED FEWER VARIANTS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00322-00135469-00136177 SO, OVER ALL, THIS TECHNIQUE CAN BE A VERY POWERFUL WAY OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00323-00136177-00136507 FILTERING YOUR DATA. SO AT THE END, WE WOULD SAY, USE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00324-00136507-00136873 EXOME DATA WHEN YOU HAVE ANY OTHER CLUES AVAILABLE OR SINGLE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00325-00136873-00137272 EXOME, SO IF YOU HAVE A PATHWAY, IF HAVE YOU GOT A HOMOZYGOUS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00326-00137272-00137678 REGION YOU MAPPED, IF YOU HAVE A GENE LIST, BY ALL MEANS, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00327-00137678-00138051 CONSIDER DOING A SINGLE EXOME BECAUSE YOU HAVE GOT OTHER MEANS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00328-00138051-00138390 OF DOING FILTERING. IF YOU HAVE NO CLUE GOING INTO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00329-00138390-00138753 THE FAMILY AND IF IT'S A SINGLE FAMILY, YOU MAY CONSIDER USING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00330-00138753-00138980 ADDITIONAL FAMILY MEMBERS ASSUMING GOOD PHENOTYPING IS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00331-00138980-00139184 AVAILABLE. AND FOR THIS TYPE OF MAPPING, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00332-00139184-00139484 ESPECIALLY FOR RECESSIVE CONDITIONS, IT HELPS TO HAVE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00333-00139484-00139915 BOTH PARENTS AND ONE SIBLING IN ADDITION TO THE PRO BAN. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00334-00139915-00140184 TRIOS ARE LESS USEFUL FOR EXCESSIVE MODELS IN PARTICULAR. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00335-00140184-00140498 SO WE TALKED ABOUT A COUPLE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00336-00140498-00140763 INTEGRATION. USE ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCE THAT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00337-00140763-00140978 IS YOU HAVE TO HELP FILTER YOUR LIST. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00338-00140978-00141248 FOR EXOME SEQUENCING, CONSIDER USING SNP ARRAYS FOR ALL THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00339-00141248-00141486 REASONS WE DISCUSSED. THE STUDY DESIGN SHOULD INCLUDE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00340-00141486-00141830 AS MUCH INFORMATION AS YOU CAN PUT IN FROM CAREFUL PHENOTYPING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00341-00141830-00142112 AND FAMILY HISTORY AND NEW APPROACHES ARE COMING OUT ONA RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00342-00142112-00142327 MONTHLY BASIS. SO YOU SHOULD DO A LITERATURE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00343-00142327-00142591 REVIEW IF YOU'RE STARTING A BIG NEW PROJECT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00344-00142591-00142991 SO, JUST A FEW WORDS ON SEQUENCE VALIDATION AND REANALYZING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00345-00142991-00143126 PROJECTS. THERE IS A COUPLE OF WAYS TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00346-00143126-00143321 THINKS ABOUT SEQUENCE VALIDATION AND I WAS VERY INTERESTED TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00347-00143321-00143571 HEAR THAT SOME OF THIS WAS EXPLORED IN THE CANCER TALK. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00348-00143571-00144040 SO, YOU CAN THINK ABOUT ONE TYPE OF VALIDATION IN THE SEQUENCING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00349-00144040-00144476 TO MAKE SURE WHATEVER YOU FOUND IN THE EXOME IS REAL. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00350-00144476-00144655 PICK A SUBSET OF THINGS YOU'RE INTERESTED IN. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00351-00144655-00145490 YOU MAY HAVE TO DO SEQUENCING IF YOU HAVE RETURNING RESULTS TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00352-00145490-00145726 FAMILIES. THE POINT I'D LIKE TO MAKE IS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00353-00145726-00146105 THE LIKELIHOOD OF VERIFICATION IS BASED ON YOUR FULFILLERRING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00354-00146105-00146652 TECHNIQUES THAT MAY HAVE COME OUT IN EARLIER TALKS AS WELL. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00355-00146652-00147118 FOR AUTO SOMAL RECESSIVE MODEL, WE CAN HAVE 90% OR MORE OF THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00356-00147118-00147433 VARIANTS DETECTED BY EXOME ANALYSIS VERIFIED WHEREAS FOR AN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00357-00147433-00147822 AUTO SOMAL DOMINANT MODEL WITH NEW DOMINANTS AND LESS ABILITY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00358-00147822-00148235 TO FILTER THE VARIANTS N-SOME CASES WE VARY FIDS 30% OR LESS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00359-00148235-00148697 SO YOU MAY SEE VARIATION IN HOW ACCURATE THE GENOTYPING IS BASED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00360-00148697-00149698 UPON WHAT TYPE OF FILTERING YOU USED. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00361-00149698-00149939 AND THE POINT FOR FUNCTIONAL VALIDATION THAT I WOULD LIKE TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00362-00149939-00150084 MAKE IS THAT FUNCTIONAL VALIDATION IS DETERMINING THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00363-00150084-00150478 BIOLOGICAL AFFECT OF A VARIANT AND THERE ARE NO METHOD THAT IS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00364-00150478-00150757 CAN REPLACE FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS FROM THE LABORATORY FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00365-00150757-00150913 PREVIOUSLY UNCHARACTERIZED VARIANTS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00366-00150913-00151336 DURING THE BREAK, I TALKED WITH A COUPLE OF PEOPLE ABOUT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00367-00151336-00151436 PATHOGENESIS PREDICTION SOFTWARE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00368-00151436-00151684 AND THIS IS A STUD FRE2012. YOU CAN -- RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00369-00151684-00151999 STUDY FROM 2012. THE POINT IS THIS CONFIRMED DATA RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00370-00151999-00152422 FROM EARLIER STUDIES THAT ALL OF THESE METHODS BASICALLY HAVE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00371-00152422-00152661 10-20% FALSE NEGATIVE AND 20-20% FALSE POSITIVE RATE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00372-00152661-00153045 THEY ARE NOT SO GOOD IN DETERMINING WHETHER AN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00373-00153045-00153458 INDIVIDUAL VARIANT IS PATHOGENIC OR DISEASE-CAUSING AND SHOULDN'T RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00374-00153458-00153905 BE RELIED ON FOR SUCH. EDITORS WILL ASK FOR EVIDENCE TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00375-00153905-00154230 FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES. THERE ARE PAPERS OUT THERE WHERE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00376-00154230-00154771 THEY DON'T BUT EVERY PAPER JUST ABOUT I THINK EVERY PAPER WE PUT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00377-00154771-00155227 OUT WITH EXOME DATA, THEY WANTED TO HAVE PROTEIN RNA MEASUREMENTS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00378-00155227-00155600 OR ENZYME ACTIVITY OR RESCUE EXPERIMENTS OR MODEL ORGANISMS, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00379-00155600-00155932 SOMETHING TO SHOW YOU FOUND THE RIGHT THING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00380-00155932-00156113 THE EXCEPTIONS ARE PROBABLY PREVIOUSLY WELL CHARACTERIZED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00381-00156113-00156313 VARIANTS AND MAYBE SEVERE VARIANTS IN WELL CHARACTERIZED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00382-00156313-00156601 GENES BUT EVEN FOR THE LATTER, YOU MAY HAVE TO HAVE SOME RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00383-00156601-00156851 EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE. SO WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU COME UP RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00384-00156851-00157070 EMPTY-HANDED? WE ALREADY HEARD ABOUT THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00385-00157070-00157361 ITERATIVE APPROACH WHICH I WOULD WHOLE HEARTEDLY ENDORSE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00386-00157361-00157626 YOU REALLY NEED TO REVISIT ALL OF THE ASSUMPTIONS YOU MADE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00387-00157626-00158054 ALONG THE LINE ABOUT WHO HAS THE DISEASE AND WHO DIDN'T HAVE THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00388-00158054-00158580 DISEASE, WHAT THE GENETIC MODEL WAS, WHAT THE FREQUENCY WAS FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00389-00158580-00158979 SOME OF YOUR FILTERS AND YOU NEED TO KNOW WHAT YOUR TECHNIQUE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00390-00158979-00159262 MEASURES AND DOESN'T. WE HEARD ALL THROUGH THE MORNING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00391-00159262-00159789 ABOUT THE FACT THAT TARGETING, CAPTURING, BASE CALLING, ALL OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00392-00159789-00160037 THESE THINGS COLLECT A PORTION OF THE TOTAL POSSIBLE WORLD OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00393-00160037-00160278 TRUE GENOTYPES AND THE FAMILY YOU'RE STUDYING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00394-00160278-00160533 EXPLORE THE SOURCES OF FALSE NEGATIVE RESULTS AND STUDY DATA RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00395-00160533-00160815 QUALITY AND COVERAGE. SO HERE IS ONE EXON AND PLOTTED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00396-00160815-00161198 ABOVE IT IS THE COVERAGE. THIS IS USING A FAIRLY OLD KIT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00397-00161198-00161475 THIS IS GETTING THIS COVERAGE CONSISTENCY GETTING BETTER. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00398-00161475-00161762 BUT YOU CAN SEE THAT THE COVERAGE VARIES A LOT EVEN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00399-00161762-00162053 ACROSS THIS EXON. AND THERE IS SOME KNOWN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00400-00162053-00162409 DETERMINANTS OF THIS PHENOMENON. GC CONTENT, SEQUENCE COMPLEXITY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00401-00162409-00162852 AND NEAR IDENTICAL REPEATS AND CHANGES IN REPRESENTATION DUE TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00402-00162852-00163341 UNEQUAL AMPLIFICATION, BUT I ASK YOU TO CONSIDER WHAT AN AVERAGE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00403-00163341-00163659 COVERAGE MEANS IN TERMS OF THIS TYPE OF GRANULARITY. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00404-00163659-00163905 THAT MAY NOT PROVIDE YOU THE TOTAL QUALITY STORY YOU NEED TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00405-00163905-00164097 GO FORWARD. GENOTYPING QUALITY AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00406-00164097-00164275 COMPLETENESS IN EXOME SEQUENCING IS COMPLEX AND IT CAN FAIL RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00407-00164275-00164380 DIFFERENTLY THAN SANGER SEQUENCING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00408-00164380-00164673 SO, YOU NEED TO THINK ABOUT A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00409-00164673-00165114 WHAT WENT INTO YOUR EXPERIMENT AND FOR MANY OF THEM THERE ARE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00410-00165114-00165519 SPECIFIC THINGS YOU CAN LOOK AT, FOR INSTANCE FOR TARGETING OR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00411-00165519-00165847 WHAT WAS THE STUDY DESIGNED TO CAPTURE, YOU CAN CREATE A BED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00412-00165847-00166069 FILE TO SHOW WHERE ALL THE BAITS WERE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00413-00166069-00166457 SO YOU CAN SEE WHAT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE TARGETED AND WHAT WAS NOT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00414-00166457-00166611 TARGETED. FOR CAPTURE AND COMPLEXITY, THIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00415-00166611-00166904 IS SOMEWHAT INVOLVED TOPIC BUT HISTORICAL DATA CAN BE USED. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00416-00166904-00167230 FOR SEQUENCING AND ALIGNMENT, YOU CAN USE COVERAGE AND OTHER RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00417-00167230-00167689 METRICS AND ALSO HISTORICAL DATA AND FOR BASE CALLING, YOU CAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00418-00167689-00168188 USE THE MPG SCORES WE TALKED ABOUT AND HISTORICAL DATA AS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00419-00168188-00168366 WELL. SO CLEARLY I MENTIONED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00420-00168366-00168851 HISTORICAL DATA THREE TIMES AND THE REASON IS BECAUSE AN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00421-00168851-00169455 ACCUMULATED SET OF DATA USING THE SAME TECHNIQUES IS AN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00422-00169455-00169965 INVALUABLE RESOURCE. THEY DO EXPIRE AS CAME UP IN THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00423-00169965-00170645 TALK BEFORE THE BREAK. SO, IF YOU HAVE GOT SOMETHING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00424-00170645-00170952 WHICH WAS CAPTURED USING MUCH, MUCH DIFFERENT CHEMISTRY, THAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00425-00170952-00171329 WHAT YOU'RE CURRENTLY USING, IT MAY BE LESS USEFUL BUT YOU RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00426-00171329-00171604 SHOULD ACCUMULATE AND STUDY DATASETS UNTIL THEY DIVERGE AS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00427-00171604-00171860 FAR AZTECNIQUE GOES BECAUSE THEY CAN BE VERY INSTRUCTIVE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00428-00171860-00172091 AN EXAMPLE OF THAT IS WE USE SOME OF OUR PREVIOUSLY COLLECTED RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00429-00172091-00172620 DATA FROM THE UDP PLUS DATA SHARED WITH US FROM CLIN SEEK RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00430-00172620-00172935 AND WE LOOKED AT SEVERAL HUNDRED AXIOMS AND LOOKED. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00431-00172935-00173263 WE USE THE FISHER'S EXACT TEST AND THE BON FERONY CORRECTION RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00432-00173263-00173416 DOING MULTIPLE TESTING HYPOTHESES LOOKING AT THESE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00433-00173416-00173554 SITES. AND THERE WERE TWO ERROR TYPES RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00434-00173554-00173774 THAT JUMPED OUT AT US. THERE IS MORE COMPLEX RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00435-00173774-00174173 INTERESTING THINGS TOO. ONE OF THESE WAS WHEN ALL OF THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00436-00174173-00174354 GENOTYPE CALLS WERE HOMOZYGOUS NONREFERENCE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00437-00174354-00174670 THAT WOULD SUGGEST THE REFERENCE SEQUENCE IS EITHER WRONG OR HAS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00438-00174670-00175012 A MINOR ALLELE IN IT. A SECOND TYPE OF ERROR THAT WE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00439-00175012-00175460 SAW IS WHEN ALL OF THE GENOTYPES WERE HETEROZYGOUS AND THAT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00440-00175460-00175855 SUGGESTS THAT TWO SIMILAR REGIONS WERE ALIGNED TO FORM A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00441-00175855-00176372 COMPRESSION AND THE FEW SPOTS THEY DIFFER SHOW UP AS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00442-00176372-00176814 HETEROZYGOTES AND WE COULD USE THIS DATA FROM OUR HISTORICAL RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00443-00176814-00177197 DATASET TO MAKE EXCLUSION LIST FOR FURTHER FILTERING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00444-00177197-00177659 WE DID ANOTHER EXPERIMENT WHERE WE ASKED THE QUESTION, GIVEN A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00445-00177659-00177994 SET OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE KNOWN DISORDER SO THIS IS THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00446-00177994-00178248 GENETIC HIT ROWGENEITY QUESTION, HOW WELL ARE THEY COVERED? RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00447-00178248-00178549 WE TOOK 114 EXOMES FROM 27 FAMILIES AND USED GENE LIST. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00448-00178549-00178867 ONE WAS A VARIETY OF MUSCLE DISORDERS AND THE SECOND WAS FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00449-00178867-00179372 HEREDITARY PASTIC PARAPAIR SIS. YOU SHOULD KNOW THAT EVEN THOUGH RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00450-00179372-00179618 THIS ISN'T ALWAYS TRUE, SOMETIMES CLINICIANS WILL ASSUME RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00451-00179618-00179922 IF A CLINICAL SEQUENCING TEST COMES BACK NEGATIVE, THEN ALL OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00453-00203114-00203408 QUALITY TOW DETECT ALL VARIANTS IN THOSE REGIONS. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00454-00203408-00203697 OR PUT IN SIMPLER TERMS, I CAN TAKE THAT DIAGNOSIS AND SET IT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00455-00203697-00204120 ASIDE AND MOVE ON TO ANOTHER DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATION. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00456-00204120-00204401 FOR THESE TWO GENE LIST, MIND YOU THIS IS USING SOMEWHAT OLDER RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00457-00204401-00205084 TECHNOLOGY, THE TARGETED CAPTURE KITS INCLUDED 47-73% OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00458-00205084-00205408 NUCLEOTIDES WITHIN THE GENE LIST AND THIS IS PROBABLY LOWER THAN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00459-00205408-00205707 AVERAGE. IT IS TRUE FOR THESE LIST. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00460-00205707-00206107 AND WHILE THE AVERAGE COVERAGE WAS HIGH, 40X TO 100X, 2-3% OF RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00461-00206107-00206350 THE NUCLEOTIDES HAD LESS THAN FULL COVERAGE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00462-00206350-00206662 MY POINT IS NOT THAT THESE TECHNIQUES ARE VERY, VERY ERROR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00463-00206662-00207033 PRONE AND DON'T USE THEM. YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE ASSAY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00464-00207033-00207532 CHARACTERISTICS AND KNOW WHAT IS MISSED. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00465-00207532-00207733 AND HERE IS A GREAT EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE THAT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00466-00207733-00208019 SO THIS IS WORK DONE BY ONE OF MY COLLABORATORS AND THIS WAS A RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00467-00208019-00208394 FULL ON CHARIOT RACE THE FIRST ONES IDENTIFIED THE GENE GETS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00468-00208394-00208688 THE GOOD PAPER. AND THIS WAS A LARGE REGION THAT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00469-00208688-00209132 WAS IDENTIFIED BY LINKAGE MAPPING AND MANY, MANY GENES RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00470-00209132-00209440 WERE SEQUENCED OVER A YEAR OR SEVERAL YEARS AND NOTHING WAS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00471-00209440-00209663 FOUND. EXOME SEQUENCING CAME ALONG. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00472-00209663-00210119 TAKE THIS PROJECT OUT OF THE FRIDGE LIKE WAS TALKED ABOUT AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00473-00210119-00210410 TRY EXOME SEQUENCING. DIDN'T FIND ANYTHING. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00474-00210410-00210714 SO THEN, ANOTHER MEMBER OF THE LAB WENT BACK AND LOOKED FOR RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00475-00210714-00211071 SPECIFIC REGION THAT IS HAD BEEN MISSED BY THE EXOME SEQUENCING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00476-00211071-00211364 AND IT TURNED OUT THAT THE ANSWER, OR THE CAUSE OF THE GENE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00477-00211364-00211756 WAS IN ONE OF THOSE SECTIONS MISSED BY THE EXOME SEQUENCING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00478-00211756-00211950 AND YOU MAY ASK WHO WON THE RACE? RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00479-00211950-00212196 THIS AND TWO OTHER PAPERS WERE SIMULTANEOUSLY PUBLISHED IN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00480-00212196-00212732 NATURE GENETICS. SO I GUESS IT WAS A TIE. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00481-00212732-00213002 SO FOR VALIDATION AND REANALYSIS AND SUMMARY, FUNCTIONAL RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00482-00213002-00213402 VALIDATION IS REQUIRED TO PROVE THAT A CANDIDATE YOU HAVE IS THE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00483-00213402-00213648 PATHOGENIC VARIANT. AND IF THERE ARE NO GOOD RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00484-00213648-00213959 CANDIDATES AT THE END OF THE ANALYSIS, USE THE ITERATIVE RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00485-00213959-00214282 APPROACH TALKED ABOUT TODAY. RESIST ASSUMPTIONS AND ANALYSIS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00486-00214282-00214561 PARAMETERS. USE HISTORICAL DATA AND STUDY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00487-00214561-00214900 THE QUALITY AND COVERAGE ISSUES OF YOUR PARTICULAR PROJECT EVEN RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00488-00214900-00215375 HISTORICAL DATA IF POSSIBLE. AND DATA QUALITY IS CONSTANTLY RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00489-00215375-00215833 IMPROVING BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN THAT EACH NEW TECHNIQUE WON'T RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00490-00215833-00216371 HAVE SOME SORT OF FAILURE MODES YOU NEED TO BE STUDIED. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00491-00216371-00216619 SO IN CONCLUSION, BE SURE TO GIVE PLENTY OF TIME TO RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00492-00216619-00216948 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN BEFORE YOU START YOUR PROJECT. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00493-00216948-00217190 CONSIDER USING ADD JUNK TECHNOLOGIES TO COMPLIMENT EXOME RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00494-00217190-00217617 ANALYSIS. PHENOTYPING IS CRITICAL, RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00495-00217617-00217825 ESPECIALLY WHEN USING FAMILY DATA. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00496-00217825-00218191 CONSIDER USING ADDITIONAL FAMILY MEMBERS IN CERTAIN CASES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00497-00218191-00218551 FUNCTIONAL PROOF OF PATHOGENICITY IS REQUIRED AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00498-00218551-00218833 ANALYZE THE DATA IN AN INTEGRATIVE MANNER ALTERING RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00499-00218833-00219246 ASSUMPTIONS AND FILTERING CONSTRAINTS AS YOU GO. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00500-00219246-00219558 SO I HAVE MANY PEOPLE TO THANK. I'M NOT GOING TO THANK THEM ALL RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00501-00219558-00219683 INDIVIDUALLY. THESE ARE FROM SEVERAL DIFFERENT RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00502-00219683-00220173 GROUPS, INCLUDING OUR OWN. I WOULD SAY TOM, NEIL, MEROT AND RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00503-00220173-00220660 CARRY ARE OUR CORE BIOINFORMATICS GROUP FOR THE UDP RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00504-00220660-00221004 NOW BUT WE FROM THE COLLABORATION WITH OTHER MEMBERS RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00505-00221004-00221423 OF THE NHGRI AND OTHER TRAIN MURAL COMMUNITIES. RSyGHSQ4Hy8-00506-00221423-00221792 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. RTqoIXNIVe0-00000-00000151-00000609 The next step we need to talk about in data science methods is coding, and I am going RTqoIXNIVe0-00001-00000609-00001072 to give you a very brief non-technical overview of coding in data science. RTqoIXNIVe0-00002-00001072-00001424 The idea here is that you are going to get in there and you are going to King of the RTqoIXNIVe0-00003-00001424-00001945 Jungle/master of your domain and make the data jump when you need it to jump. RTqoIXNIVe0-00004-00001945-00002341 Now, if you remember when we talked about the Data Science Venn Diagram at the beginning, RTqoIXNIVe0-00005-00002341-00002568 coding is up here on the top left. RTqoIXNIVe0-00006-00002568-00003047 And while we often think about sort of people typing lines of code (which is very frequent), RTqoIXNIVe0-00007-00003047-00003575 it is more important to remember when we talk about coding (or just computers in general), RTqoIXNIVe0-00008-00003575-00004153 what we are really talking about here is any technology that lets you manipulate the data RTqoIXNIVe0-00009-00004153-00004678 in the ways that you need to perform the procedures you need to get the insight that you want RTqoIXNIVe0-00010-00004678-00004841 out of your data. RTqoIXNIVe0-00011-00004841-00005332 Now, there are three very general categories that we will be discussing here on Datalab. RTqoIXNIVe0-00012-00005332-00005880 The first is apps; these are specialized applications or programs for working with data. RTqoIXNIVe0-00013-00005880-00006179 The second is data; or specifically, data formats. RTqoIXNIVe0-00014-00006179-00006526 There's special formats for web data, I will mention those in a moment. RTqoIXNIVe0-00015-00006526-00007173 And then, code; there are programming languages that give you full control over what the computer RTqoIXNIVe0-00016-00007173-00007386 does and how you interact with the data. RTqoIXNIVe0-00017-00007386-00007689 Let's take a look at each one very briefly. RTqoIXNIVe0-00018-00007689-00008034 In terms of apps, there are spreadsheets, like Excel or Google Sheets. RTqoIXNIVe0-00019-00008034-00008509 These are the fundamental data tools of probably a majority of the world. RTqoIXNIVe0-00020-00008509-00009073 There are specialized applications, like Tableau for data visualization, or SPSS, it is a very RTqoIXNIVe0-00021-00009073-00009642 common statistical package in the social sciences and in businesses, and one of my favorites, RTqoIXNIVe0-00022-00009642-00010206 JASP, which is a free open source analog of SPSS, which actually I think is a lot easier RTqoIXNIVe0-00023-00010206-00010426 to use and replicate research with. RTqoIXNIVe0-00024-00010426-00010711 And, there are tons of other choices. RTqoIXNIVe0-00025-00010711-00011420 Now, in terms of web data, it is helpful to be familiar with things like HTML, and XML, RTqoIXNIVe0-00026-00011420-00012134 and JSON, and other formats that are used to encapsulate data on the web, because those RTqoIXNIVe0-00027-00012134-00012514 are the things that you are going to have to be programming about to interact with when RTqoIXNIVe0-00028-00012514-00012749 you get your data. RTqoIXNIVe0-00029-00012749-00013028 And then there are actual coding languages. RTqoIXNIVe0-00030-00013028-00013432 R is probably the most common, along with Python; general purpose language, but it has RTqoIXNIVe0-00031-00013432-00013675 been well adapted for data use. RTqoIXNIVe0-00032-00013675-00014240 There's SQL, the structured query language for databases, and very basic languages like RTqoIXNIVe0-00033-00014240-00014809 C, C++, and Java, which are used more in the back-end of data science. RTqoIXNIVe0-00034-00014809-00015351 And then there is Bash, the most common command line interface, and regular expressions. RTqoIXNIVe0-00035-00015351-00015891 And we will talk about all of these in other courses here at Datalab. RTqoIXNIVe0-00036-00015891-00016319 But, remember this: tools are just tools. RTqoIXNIVe0-00037-00016319-00016774 They are only one part of the data science process. RTqoIXNIVe0-00038-00016774-00017421 They are a means to the end, and the end, the goal is insight. RTqoIXNIVe0-00039-00017421-00017829 You need to know where you are trying to go and then simply choose the tools that help RTqoIXNIVe0-00040-00017829-00018023 you reach that particular goal. RTqoIXNIVe0-00041-00018023-00018187 That’s the most important thing. RTqoIXNIVe0-00042-00018187-00018773 So, in sum, here’s a few things: number one, use your tools wisely. RTqoIXNIVe0-00043-00018773-00019140 Remember your questions need to drive the process, not the tools themselves. RTqoIXNIVe0-00044-00019140-00019584 Also, I will just mention that a few tools is usually enough. RTqoIXNIVe0-00045-00019584-00020234 You can do an awful lot with Excel and R. And then, the most important thing is: focus RTqoIXNIVe0-00046-00020234-00020866 on your goal and choose your tools and even your data to match the goal, so you can get RTqoIXNIVe0-00047-00020866-00021087 the most useful insights from your data. RY3Z166lK3o-00000-00000022-00000072 ok RY3Z166lK3o-00001-00000072-00000200 who's gonna take it who's gonna take it RY3Z166lK3o-00002-00000200-00000338 probably the one who took the first shot RY3Z166lK3o-00003-00000338-00000409 they don't miss RY3Z166lK3o-00004-00000409-00000504 Oh, he had a miss here RY3Z166lK3o-00005-00000504-00000646 a double miss. RY3Z166lK3o-00006-00000646-00000796 oh! triple miss. RY3Z166lK3o-00007-00000803-00000853 Oh, RY3Z166lK3o-00008-00000853-00000976 he takes him down RY3Z166lK3o-00009-00000976-00001030 [INTERNAL PAIN] RY3Z166lK3o-00010-00001030-00001256 far Skeleton takes out the near one RY3Z166lK3o-00011-00001256-00001306 and the RY3Z166lK3o-00012-00001306-00001360 crowd RY3Z166lK3o-00013-00001360-00001414 goes RY3Z166lK3o-00014-00001414-00001614 M I L D RZVnBN8ePBI-00000-00000192-00000648 It was sort of fortuitous that we ran into each other, but found out that were fellow RZVnBN8ePBI-00001-00000648-00001040 “JERKS” and it really goes back to my writing of “JERKS” and releasing that. RZVnBN8ePBI-00002-00001040-00001440 Can you kind of share the story of I guess how we ran into each other ? RZVnBN8ePBI-00003-00001440-00002039 Well, yes! I was in a conference, in a meeting room that was empty and Kirk Borne RZVnBN8ePBI-00004-00002039-00002288 was there and he said “are you a fellow speaker?”; RZVnBN8ePBI-00005-00002288-00002736 I said “no, I came to watch you because you put the Hubble telescope in space RZVnBN8ePBI-00006-00002736-00003000 and you seem an interesting person to talk to!” RZVnBN8ePBI-00007-00003000-00003288 So we had time to burn before everybody else arrived in the RZVnBN8ePBI-00008-00003288-00003456 room and he said “what do you want to talk about?” RZVnBN8ePBI-00009-00003456-00004079 I said: “all derivatives, I mean i'm interested - in you know - beyond acceleration because RZVnBN8ePBI-00010-00004079-00004576 everybody in the industry and in finance - and everything - talk about speed and acceleration RZVnBN8ePBI-00011-00004576-00004840 and i'm more interested in finding trends and see what's trending, RZVnBN8ePBI-00012-00004840-00005336 and see how you control acceleration… He said: ”Oh you're interested in JERKS!” RZVnBN8ePBI-00013-00005416-00006112 And my face was completely blank! I said “What‽”; my first question is “Did I hear you correctly?”; RZVnBN8ePBI-00014-00006112-00006344 The second question is “What the hell are you talking about?”; RZVnBN8ePBI-00015-00006408-00006584 and the third question is “Tell me more”. RZVnBN8ePBI-00016-00006656-00006976 And he said “Well i'm going to tell you, but the first thing I’m going to tell you RZVnBN8ePBI-00017-00006976-00007352 is I’m going to introduce to my friend Chris [Surdak] who wrote a book called “The JERK”. RZVnBN8ePBI-00018-00007352-00008000 And it's like “Yes, you got my attention; I got my KINDLE on my phone and as we're RZVnBN8ePBI-00019-00008000-00008424 talking I’m ordering your book… OK, this is what I’m reading tonight, OK!” RZVnBN8ePBI-00020-00008504-00008864 We started talking about why "JERKS" are important, RZVnBN8ePBI-00021-00008992-00009480 outside, not just in math and physics, but outside of the concept of math and physics. RZVnBN8ePBI-00022-00009480-00009744 He pointed me to your book, we had an interesting conversation, RZVnBN8ePBI-00023-00009744-00010320 then we connected through Linkedin and I read your other books, and it was - I hope - the RZVnBN8ePBI-00024-00010320-00010752 beginning of a good friendship, because we have a lot of things in common, in the way that we think, RZVnBN8ePBI-00025-00010992-00011432 yeah! We "JERKS" have to band together - right! - because - you know - oh yeah. RZVnBN8ePBI-00026-00011432-00011912 Yeah oh yeah, I think many of the people that watch me probably know Kirk [Borne] but I mean, RZVnBN8ePBI-00027-00011912-00012352 Kirk is just - I mean - he's literally - I think - isn't he like considered the most famous RZVnBN8ePBI-00028-00012352-00012896 uh influencer in social media around anything to do with transformation and digital and analytics. RZVnBN8ePBI-00029-00012896-00013432 He's a brilliant guy and it's funny you got - you know - people would probably pay a hundred bucks RZVnBN8ePBI-00030-00013432-00013704 a minute for the time that you got with them there so you got lucky! RZVnBN8ePBI-00031-00013847-00014352 Well, I was very early in the room and - you know - it's the big EXPO BIG DATA RZVnBN8ePBI-00032-00014352-00014800 in the” Excel, London” and people go to the booth and talk to people, RZVnBN8ePBI-00033-00014800-00015232 and I went directly to the conference room, because I wanted to have a seat in first row RZVnBN8ePBI-00034-00015232-00015704 and in fact I arrived before him, so he arrives and he said “Are you another fellow speaker?” RZVnBN8ePBI-00035-00015704-00016312 No!… The the whole thing is I studied BIG DATA AND SOCIAL ANALYTICS in in one of the RZVnBN8ePBI-00036-00016384-00017056 MOOG in “MIT MediaLab” , and I had a lot to learn talking about big data analytics, RZVnBN8ePBI-00037-00017056-00017576 and Kirk is the number one listed for AI BIG DATA ANALYTICS and all that stuff, and he was RZVnBN8ePBI-00038-00017576-00018032 doing one of his master classes, opening the whole session, the whole - the whole - congress RZVnBN8ePBI-00039-00018032-00018552 at the “Excel, London”, which is the event for artificial intelligence and big data, so it was RZVnBN8ePBI-00040-00018552-00019088 the person to be talking to, and when we switched to this subject I found it even more fascinating. RZVnBN8ePBI-00041-00019088-00019568 So now that you mentioned, you went to see him because of his background in RZVnBN8ePBI-00042-00019624-00019960 space telescopes and so forth, that's how I was exposed to "JERK”; RZVnBN8ePBI-00043-00019960-00020376 when I graduated of college and I went to work for Lockheed Martin building spacecraft, RZVnBN8ePBI-00044-00020376-00020840 it was among the things that we had to calculate, when we were designing spacecraft. RZVnBN8ePBI-00045-00020840-00021336 It's interesting: that the worst environment that a spacecraft goes through - except for RZVnBN8ePBI-00046-00021336-00021776 potentially being in space with radiation and so forth - but it's inside the nose cone RZVnBN8ePBI-00047-00021776-00022328 of the rocket as it's going up, and the biggest load is actually the acoustics, RZVnBN8ePBI-00048-00022328-00022640 it's the noise that's resonating inside of the nose cone. RZVnBN8ePBI-00049-00022640-00023064 It's not necessarily the vibration from the rocket itself, and so "JERK" was one of the things you RZVnBN8ePBI-00050-00023064-00023608 had to calculate. And you've read the book "JERK”, so I love the story about my one colleague, where RZVnBN8ePBI-00051-00023672-00024168 we're working on TERRA, it was the spacecraft that eventually kind of proved Global Warming, RZVnBN8ePBI-00052-00024168-00024768 or measured global warming, and my colleague - we had this colleague oriental guy PhD, RZVnBN8ePBI-00053-00024768-00025304 hardcore mathematician, absolutely no personal hygiene skills whatsoever - all right RZVnBN8ePBI-00054-00025504-00025864 typical rocket scientist, and and he comes up to us one day and he's like RZVnBN8ePBI-00055-00025864-00026304 “okay the design's going to fail in the ninth dimension, in the ninth derivative!” and we're RZVnBN8ePBI-00056-00026304-00026727 like “wait you’re nuts, who calculates the ninth dimension or the ninth derivative ?” RZVnBN8ePBI-00057-00026727-00027120 To your point, you were interested in derivatives and nobody really believed them, RZVnBN8ePBI-00058-00027120-00027408 but we're like well - you know - we don't want to make a two or three billion dollar RZVnBN8ePBI-00059-00027408-00027808 mistake so let's make a model and we'll test it out, and low and behold if he wasn't right… RZVnBN8ePBI-00060-00027808-00028144 We built a model of the structure, we threw it on a vibration table, RZVnBN8ePBI-00061-00028144-00028648 and the thing blew up like 20 seconds later so "JERK" is a real thing RZVnBN8ePBI-00062-00028760-00029095 And so when I came up with my second book, I wanted to use the title "JERK”, RZVnBN8ePBI-00063-00029239-00029583 a) because it would piss off my editor - and my publisher - right, which it did! RZVnBN8ePBI-00064-00029680-00030216 b) because it's a such a multi-purpose word - right - you can use, it's not the RZVnBN8ePBI-00065-00030216-00030480 double entendre, it's like the quadruple entendre! RZVnBN8ePBI-00066-00030688-00031280 And it also as the whole point of the book was looking at how in 2014 how could a UBER, how RZVnBN8ePBI-00067-00031280-00031944 could an AIRBNB, be so disruptive just by having an app, and so those people that build those apps RZVnBN8ePBI-00068-00031944-00032456 would self-proclaim: “Yeah I’m a JERK, I’m being a JERK, I’m doing JERKy kind of things…” and their RZVnBN8ePBI-00069-00032456-00032824 competition would be like “What a bunch of JERKS, they're doing stuff they're not supposed to do!” RZVnBN8ePBI-00070-00032824-00033304 So I mean it kind of all held together, and I think that too is the kind of work that RZVnBN8ePBI-00071-00033304-00033432 you've been interested in as well. RZVnBN8ePBI-00072-00033528-00034160 Yeah - and I’m particularly interested in reclaiming terms, so the the term “HACKER” RZVnBN8ePBI-00073-00034160-00034864 and the term “NERD” are terms that are reclaimed by the community as terms of pride; OK, there's a RZVnBN8ePBI-00074-00034864-00035552 famous song by Tim Minchin: “PREJUDICE” when he reclaims that name - the term “GINGER” - and he RZVnBN8ePBI-00075-00035552-00036040 makes a lot of other jokes about what other words you can write with the same letters, and it's RZVnBN8ePBI-00076-00036040-00036808 about the fact that a particular community owns a term. And I think that NERDS own the term NERD, RZVnBN8ePBI-00077-00036808-00037376 in the way as HACKER used to be the good guy - the TINKERER - that gets things together in the RZVnBN8ePBI-00078-00037376-00037984 same way the JERKS think “How can I disrupt this system in a way that I do re-engineering, not of RZVnBN8ePBI-00079-00037984-00038600 this particular piece, but of the whole ecosystem - yeah - and in in some way, the person that you RZVnBN8ePBI-00080-00038600-00039112 describe as "JERKS" in your book, are the people who don't think in terms of their own company, RZVnBN8ePBI-00081-00039112-00039664 that but they think in terms of the ECOSYSTEM; the ‘Ecosystem Economics” and the advantage of that RZVnBN8ePBI-00082-00039664-00040200 they do, is that they control the management of the ecosystem; Effectively: the AMAZONs, RZVnBN8ePBI-00083-00040200-00040792 the UBERs the AIRBNBs, all those people are the people who manage, and they manage the ECOSYSTEM, RZVnBN8ePBI-00084-00040792-00041248 control the information - not just within their company - but control the whole ecosystem… RZVnBN8ePBI-00085-00041304-00041608 That in the parallel I like - that's an interesting point - the RZVnBN8ePBI-00086-00041608-00041824 parallel I like to make is the movie THE MATRIX, RZVnBN8ePBI-00087-00041824-00042152 “there is no spoon”, right you're sitting there trying to say “well you can't bend RZVnBN8ePBI-00088-00042152-00042552 the spoon with your mind” and the JERK is saying “there is no spoon so I can do whatever I want” RZVnBN8ePBI-00089-00042664-00042968 And you know, one of the reasons I went to law school later in my career, RZVnBN8ePBI-00090-00042968-00043392 and part of that was because I saw the disruptive nature of a lot of data and analytics and RZVnBN8ePBI-00091-00043448-00043968 personalization engines and everything, and it's funny - you know - I’ll joke with all RZVnBN8ePBI-00092-00043968-00044296 these executives I meet with the traditional companies and i'm like “you have a “compliance RZVnBN8ePBI-00093-00044296-00044800 department” and their job is to say NO”; if I go to a "JERK" company like an Uber, RZVnBN8ePBI-00094-00044800-00045176 they have a “non-compliance department” and their job is to say “YES, and here's what it's going RZVnBN8ePBI-00095-00045176-00045704 to cost us in regulatory fines!” - right - and as long as that's a positive number it's worth doing, RZVnBN8ePBI-00096-00045768-00046344 but they recognize that their opportunity actually lies in doing the things that their competitors RZVnBN8ePBI-00097-00046344-00046888 don't believe are doable or they're being regulated and prevented from doing it etc etc. RZVnBN8ePBI-00098-00046960-00047280 Uber is illegal in like half the places they operate and they don't care RZVnBN8ePBI-00099-00047280-00047456 and that's part of what makes them so effective. RZVnBN8ePBI-00100-00047552-00048112 Yeah - you could argue that in terms of ecosystem, they have to provide a value RZVnBN8ePBI-00101-00048112-00048640 to the community, that is greater than the inconvenience to the community, for not RZVnBN8ePBI-00102-00048640-00049000 complying with the current regulation, to the point of the community demanding that RZVnBN8ePBI-00103-00049000-00049432 the current regulation be abolished, or not used or not enforced as much; RZVnBN8ePBI-00104-00049432-00050072 there are some ethical constraints on what you can do as a disruptor in an ecosystem; there are RZVnBN8ePBI-00105-00050072-00050688 those that care a lot, and there are those that care a bit less and the sustainability long-term… RZVnBN8ePBI-00106-00050688-00051136 APPLE is a good case of being a disrupter, but caring about the community of things, RZVnBN8ePBI-00107-00051192-00051640 and Yes, they disrupted a whole bunch of other people starting from IBM and company, RZVnBN8ePBI-00108-00051640-00052096 but they have a loyal community that supports the change that they're doing, RZVnBN8ePBI-00109-00052096-00052384 that supports the disruption that they are providing to the ecosystem. RZVnBN8ePBI-00110-00052496-00052824 And so when I came up with the idea of the TRINITIES - you know - the Analog RZVnBN8ePBI-00111-00052824-00053528 Trinity = Bureaucracy-Process-Rules; Digital Trinity = Mobility-SocialMedia-Analytics, RZVnBN8ePBI-00112-00053528-00054032 that was the key piece rather than saying I’m going to follow some arbitrary rule which RZVnBN8ePBI-00113-00054032-00054648 gives us the best average results on average, which is kind of what rules do, instead we use RZVnBN8ePBI-00114-00054648-00055216 analytics - just like you do - and we say “in this moment in time, here's the right thing to do”; RZVnBN8ePBI-00115-00055216-00055679 To your point about the community saying the risk reward equation, RZVnBN8ePBI-00116-00055679-00056248 it tips towards reward, so we're going to do it but that, but not on average, we're doing RZVnBN8ePBI-00117-00056248-00056824 it for every single instance of a possibility of engagement - right - that's what I call the RZVnBN8ePBI-00118-00056824-00057440 “Context Economy”: in this moment I need an UBER to pick up this person right here right now, RZVnBN8ePBI-00119-00057440-00057736 and then if an UBER driver shows up five minutes later, they get nothing! RZVnBN8ePBI-00120-00057840-00058255 Well this, there's a value in the treatment of ephemeral conditions. RZVnBN8ePBI-00121-00058320-00058736 You know the ephemeral conditions is what allows you to do “Yield Management”: RZVnBN8ePBI-00122-00058791-00059296 yield management is what airlines use to sell a seat, and you want to go tomorrow RZVnBN8ePBI-00123-00059296-00059736 in this particular flight, and you pay a thousand dollars, and the person next to you RZVnBN8ePBI-00124-00059736-00060320 paid five dollars for the same seat in the same flight in the same everything, because of yield RZVnBN8ePBI-00125-00060320-00060736 management techniques, that allow you to find what is the marginal cost for all these people. RZVnBN8ePBI-00126-00060800-00061312 I remember in in 1980s studying in the Operational Research Society, RZVnBN8ePBI-00127-00061312-00061800 and you say well, this is simplex method and these are the “Shadow Prices” and the shadow prices RZVnBN8ePBI-00128-00061800-00062255 are derivatives, are partial derivatives from one thing on the other one, and you go and say “OK, RZVnBN8ePBI-00129-00062255-00062936 I want to optimize a big model on Google Cloud and Tensorflow and everything else, and you're still RZVnBN8ePBI-00130-00062991-00063472 finding - you know - what is the best way to navigate, and you're working through derivatives, RZVnBN8ePBI-00131-00063472-00063800 so it is important to think in differential terms! RZVnBN8ePBI-00132-00063855-00064200 I had at one stage in my career, when I was doing project evaluations, RZVnBN8ePBI-00133-00064255-00064736 just before going to work for IBM as Product Manager for Spreadsheets - so RZVnBN8ePBI-00134-00064736-00065104 that gives an idea I used to do very serious project evaluations… RZVnBN8ePBI-00135-00065255-00065664 By the way thanks - I wanted you to do a segway into your career because it's fascinating you know RZVnBN8ePBI-00136-00065664-00066104 media labs etc etcetera… so please, delve deeply into the discussion: RZVnBN8ePBI-00137-00066160-00066464 Well the the point is that when RZVnBN8ePBI-00138-00066648-00067088 [un-audible] people think that you need to know the math, and the thing that you need to know is RZVnBN8ePBI-00139-00067088-00067568 to think differentially, so you have to say this is option a) and this is the alternative option RZVnBN8ePBI-00140-00067568-00068088 b) and you need to do the balance of what is the delta between one and the other one, so before RZVnBN8ePBI-00141-00068088-00068552 you build a spreadsheet you're thinking in your mind what are the different scenarios, of all the RZVnBN8ePBI-00142-00068552-00068944 intersections, of all the boolean elements, and you're calculating the derivative, then RZVnBN8ePBI-00143-00068944-00069448 you build the spreadsheet OK and if it's 1-2-3 or Excel - or whatever the hell - it doesn't matter! RZVnBN8ePBI-00144-00069448-00070120 OK, most people know the math and don't know the basics, so once you're trained to RZVnBN8ePBI-00145-00070120-00070440 think in differential terms, outside of the computer, RZVnBN8ePBI-00146-00070504-00071032 when you begin to think how to optimize with the computer, the thinking - the RZVnBN8ePBI-00147-00071032-00071400 way of thinking - allows you to do things that otherwise you would not be able to do RZVnBN8ePBI-00148-00071464-00071928 OK, so if you compare what am I doing in Gradient Descent, RZVnBN8ePBI-00149-00072072-00072384 to optimize the model, with what I was doing when I was using Simplex, RZVnBN8ePBI-00150-00072384-00072864 is the same method of navigating, one dimension at the time, and going one step at a time, and RZVnBN8ePBI-00151-00072864-00073256 if you think of TensorFlow, or the dedicated chip for “ML”, whatever they are doing the same thing RZVnBN8ePBI-00152-00073256-00073968 that with transmogrification of huge tables, that have a meaning, only if you think differentially RZVnBN8ePBI-00153-00074048-00074456 So there's a there's a whole branch of consulting that you can do ,which is what I’m trying to RZVnBN8ePBI-00154-00074456-00075032 do in my private life now, with a couple of other scientists and friends and associates, RZVnBN8ePBI-00155-00075096-00075632 we set up a small company. We're in stealth mode, so we haven't launched yet, so this is a bit of a RZVnBN8ePBI-00156-00075632-00076192 preview of what we're trying to do, but we try to go to a company and say “OK, what are your RZVnBN8ePBI-00157-00076192-00076696 KPIs and what's the KPI at a particular point, what is the growth of that KPI, RZVnBN8ePBI-00158-00076696-00077184 what is the acceleration of that KPI, and what are you going to do, to change that acceleration, RZVnBN8ePBI-00159-00077248-00077736 and the next questions are “why are you not doing that sooner; why do you not jump curves RZVnBN8ePBI-00160-00077736-00078120 from one to the other one sooner; what are the transition points beyond the hockey stick?”. RZVnBN8ePBI-00161-00078240-00078616 You know what's really interesting, because I’ve written about this extensively, and I have tons of RZVnBN8ePBI-00162-00078616-00079032 you know CEOs and CIO clients, that we talked to, and they were always talking about KPIs, RZVnBN8ePBI-00163-00079088-00079568 but you asked them “OK, well here's your KPI and it's - I don't know - Call Time Response, RZVnBN8ePBI-00164-00079568-00079904 or something meaningless like that, but they think it's important, and then you RZVnBN8ePBI-00165-00079904-00080368 say to them “Well how much does that number change in the last week month quarter year?” RZVnBN8ePBI-00166-00080368-00080928 Correct and if the number hasn't changed, why bother measuring it - right ? - because all RZVnBN8ePBI-00167-00080928-00081360 you're doing: you're measuring your ability to do nothing, or to remain the same, as opposed RZVnBN8ePBI-00168-00081360-00081928 to your ability to cause a change, to cause some improvement, and so what - you know - one of the RZVnBN8ePBI-00169-00081928-00082560 rules I found, my views with clients, is if your KPIs are stagnating, you need a new KPI, right? RZVnBN8ePBI-00170-00082560-00083040 You need to be looking for measuring, and encouraging change, RZVnBN8ePBI-00171-00083040-00083392 and so to your point - you know - if you're measuring is the KPI moving or not, RZVnBN8ePBI-00172-00083392-00083808 that's an indication that change is occurring in the organization, you're not stagnating RZVnBN8ePBI-00173-00083808-00084136 It's a really interesting way of thinking of it, actually well, you have to think RZVnBN8ePBI-00174-00084136-00084568 Total Quality Management [TQM], you know, the Ishikawa Diagrams, the fish diagrams, RZVnBN8ePBI-00175-00084568-00085128 where your KPI is the head of the fish, and you need to figure out how do I decompose that fish, RZVnBN8ePBI-00176-00085128-00085592 and in each of the branches in the spine, in the spinal cord of that fish, and in all the little RZVnBN8ePBI-00177-00085592-00086328 things, you're having partial derivatives, that you can fine tune, so you can calculate which RZVnBN8ePBI-00178-00086328-00087024 are the levers, and the things that you can take leverage on, to change your main KPI. Say that RZVnBN8ePBI-00179-00087024-00087744 your board of directors decided that they want to improve Net Customer Satisfaction, well it doesn't RZVnBN8ePBI-00180-00087744-00088208 matter - you know - that you measure that every day, if you don't do anything on the things that RZVnBN8ePBI-00181-00088208-00088640 change that perception, and then get people not to give you a 7 or 8, but to give you a 9 or a 10. RZVnBN8ePBI-00182-00088696-00089336 OK, because if everybody gives you a 7 or 8, your net satisfaction is “crap”. RZVnBN8ePBI-00183-00089336-00089888 So the the point I’m making, is we we use a technology called Graph Analysis, which is based RZVnBN8ePBI-00184-00089888-00090488 on Graph Databases, we use NEO4J, which is one of the most popular, and basically what you build, RZVnBN8ePBI-00185-00090488-00091048 is you build a Graph, you build the Ishikawa thing as a Graph, and say what is the component RZVnBN8ePBI-00186-00091048-00091480 and it's basically building a spreadsheet, you take a spreadsheet, how do you calculate that, RZVnBN8ePBI-00187-00091536-00091968 and you build that into a graph database, and then you begin to in automate the collection RZVnBN8ePBI-00188-00091968-00092312 of that information, in such a way that you can figure out what is trending, RZVnBN8ePBI-00189-00092312-00092680 what is trending is not what is growing, is what changed the speed of the growth, RZVnBN8ePBI-00190-00092752-00093112 and it changes the speed of the growth, the first change is acceleration, the second is RZVnBN8ePBI-00191-00093176-00093856 is “JOLT” or "JERK”, and and that's where you say “OK, something happened here” and then you go and RZVnBN8ePBI-00192-00093856-00094456 figure that what happened. OK, and you treat a positive change in the same way that you say RZVnBN8ePBI-00193-00094456-00095008 TQM for a failure, you have to figure out what happened that is so good, RZVnBN8ePBI-00194-00095096-00095560 that these changes propagated in the fish, from this thing to the head of the fish, RZVnBN8ePBI-00195-00095560-00096072 so that your KPI changed, otherwise you just enjoy success, and you don't know why. RZVnBN8ePBI-00196-00096136-00096464 You have to understand not just a failure but you have to understand the successes, RZVnBN8ePBI-00197-00096536-00096704 that's a good way of thinking that. RZVnBN8ePBI-00198-00096872-00097280 I mean you're practically giving the audience an MBA in 25 minutes, RZVnBN8ePBI-00199-00097280-00097904 Tthe other is like - what do you say graph analysis - the other thing too and this RZVnBN8ePBI-00200-00097904-00098352 impacts greatly data and analytics and just like data warehousing - which means the dumbest thing RZVnBN8ePBI-00201-00098352-00098776 you can ever do - but the other thing that's true is that if i'm collecting all this signal, RZVnBN8ePBI-00202-00098776-00099568 that i'm gonna analyze like 99.99999 of that data is utterly useless - right -because it's saying RZVnBN8ePBI-00203-00099568-00100128 things you know nothing really happened, if you think I use the example you have like the NEST RZVnBN8ePBI-00204-00100128-00100512 temperature controller in your house - right - and so you use it to remotely control the RZVnBN8ePBI-00205-00100512-00100952 temperature in your house and I’ll use Fahrenheit - because i'm in in America - but like if you set RZVnBN8ePBI-00206-00100952-00101696 the house to 70 degrees, and every 5 seconds nest says 70 degrees, 70 degrees, 70 degrees, it just RZVnBN8ePBI-00207-00101696-00102352 keeps saying 70 degrees, it's utterly worthless information, but and at one point it's going RZVnBN8ePBI-00208-00102352-00103024 to start saying, OK well 70 degrees, 80 degrees, 100 degrees, 150 degrees, your house is on fire!… RZVnBN8ePBI-00209-00103135-00103496 In that moment now I have some interesting data to do something with, but I better RZVnBN8ePBI-00210-00103496-00103935 see it immediately, and I better act on it, just as fast, so what's interesting is we RZVnBN8ePBI-00211-00103935-00104344 aggregate all this massive amounts of data, and the vast majority of, is utterly useless. RZVnBN8ePBI-00212-00104496-00104976 Well it's an interesting thing because the more you get to vast amount of data, RZVnBN8ePBI-00213-00104976-00105440 that doesn't change a lot, the more you should be processed that in the periphery: RZVnBN8ePBI-00214-00105511-00106128 the reason for that is the same reason that if you hit your knee it then you move the leg, and it's RZVnBN8ePBI-00215-00106128-00106688 called Reflex System, OK, people who are doing IOT [Internet of Things] at large scale for cities, RZVnBN8ePBI-00216-00106688-00107520 are saying “if I detect an alarm I need to process that as locally as possible for faster speed” and RZVnBN8ePBI-00217-00107520-00108111 we learn from nature: the speed to the signal is [circa] the speed of light, but it's faster RZVnBN8ePBI-00218-00108111-00108616 if it doesn't require your prefrontal cortex to require to move your hand, when you're going to RZVnBN8ePBI-00219-00108616-00109276 burn, because you say, you touch a hot stove, you move your hand first, and then you feel the pain. RZVnBN8ePBI-00220-00109276-00109840 Yes, that's how the reflex system works. OK, it's decentralized processing, RZVnBN8ePBI-00221-00109840-00110440 so - you know - I’m fascinated with working across domains of knowledge, RZVnBN8ePBI-00222-00110440-00110880 so if you want to explain somebody doing IOT, how to ????????? that, you get a biologist to RZVnBN8ePBI-00223-00110880-00111328 explain why the frog ?????? those days or why your knee moves, that…. and so on and RZVnBN8ePBI-00224-00111328-00111704 We were talking the other day in a pre-conversation that we had about RZVnBN8ePBI-00225-00111704-00112264 the signals that the brain gives, and how you can do metaphors, comparing the signal that RZVnBN8ePBI-00226-00112264-00112800 the brain gives or takes from the body, with the way people manage employees, OK RZVnBN8ePBI-00227-00112911-00113335 we're talking about Stress and Cortisol and Adrenaline, and all that stuff, RZVnBN8ePBI-00228-00113335-00113800 and if your style of management creates a dysfunctional culture, RZVnBN8ePBI-00229-00113856-00114383 the situation is not to change your senses, but to change the signals that you're giving, and some RZVnBN8ePBI-00230-00114383-00114864 of that signals are not electrical, some of the signals are hormonal - you know - if you create RZVnBN8ePBI-00231-00114864-00115640 a company where the mood is good, you're going to create hormones that are good that feel good. RZVnBN8ePBI-00232-00115640-00116424 OK, as opposed to and that things have beneficial effects even in a in a body that if you RZVnBN8ePBI-00233-00116520-00117072 use metaphorically you can say: “my organization is a living body, has some homeostasis, and some RZVnBN8ePBI-00234-00117072-00117600 cells ???????? form of certain controls, and my employees or the members of organization, are more RZVnBN8ePBI-00235-00117600-00118200 able to tolerate moments of stress, and will react better during a pandemic, for example will change RZVnBN8ePBI-00236-00118200-00118728 faster, and accelerate the digital transformation, and do things, if they are used to an environment RZVnBN8ePBI-00237-00118728-00119416 that is rewarding initiative, that is is it's tolerating risk-taking, it's a safe environment. RZVnBN8ePBI-00238-00119416-00119616 There's a study done in Google, that says that the RZVnBN8ePBI-00239-00119616-00120024 teams that work well, are those where it's safe to speak your mind and fail, RZVnBN8ePBI-00240-00120152-00120624 and Google is a reference system company, amongst 25 of the reasons for that too… RZVnBN8ePBI-00241-00120688-00121192 So George: I would recommend we write a paper on corp hormones, in corporate environments, RZVnBN8ePBI-00242-00121192-00121496 but we'd probably get shadow band, or something, so I don't know that we could do that RZVnBN8ePBI-00243-00121608-00122232 well but you're absolutely right, and when we were talking about that the other day, which kind of RZVnBN8ePBI-00244-00122232-00122928 led to doing the call today, so I wrapped up my operations model research, just a couple of weeks RZVnBN8ePBI-00245-00122928-00123383 ago, and now as I mentioned you, we're looking to do this research on the cybernetic organization, RZVnBN8ePBI-00246-00123456-00124088 what does a company look like around 2030, after we go through this sort of singularity, RZVnBN8ePBI-00247-00124088-00124568 over the next few years of combining humans and automation in this new form of organization, RZVnBN8ePBI-00248-00124656-00125111 and what we're envisioning is it's a very organic model, it's like a body, just RZVnBN8ePBI-00249-00125111-00125696 and so what you're just saying is so apropos, where instead of having this big hierarchical RZVnBN8ePBI-00250-00125696-00126152 structure and linear thinking and linear decision making and it's all very controlling, RZVnBN8ePBI-00251-00126152-00126576 it's going to be much more fluid, and it's going to be much more organic, in how it operates RZVnBN8ePBI-00252-00126704-00127159 and so you know so many of the things that you're touching upon feed into that and it's interesting RZVnBN8ePBI-00253-00127159-00127704 the more the better our mathematics the more we're going to enable ourselves to be more organic which RZVnBN8ePBI-00254-00127704-00128256 might almost seem counterintuitive but I love your thoughts on that too well if you look at DNA. RZVnBN8ePBI-00255-00128320-00129328 DNA is the ultimate matrix yeah if you if you think of that tensorflow and the tpus and RZVnBN8ePBI-00256-00129328-00129976 everything that google is doing or all the process you know we are going back to copy nature and if RZVnBN8ePBI-00257-00129976-00130568 you want to understand how things have evolved evolution is a very good thing the the evolution RZVnBN8ePBI-00258-00130568-00131376 of species and what organizations you know do not fight worse they fight for survival they RZVnBN8ePBI-00259-00131376-00131912 do fight competitors they do find other things but you're you're looking in a context in which RZVnBN8ePBI-00260-00131912-00132376 how well you cooperate with other organizations and with the ecosystem and how much you control RZVnBN8ePBI-00261-00132376-00132992 the ecosystem ecosystem controls you has much more impact in your ability to be effective RZVnBN8ePBI-00262-00133056-00133744 and survival than whatever you can do within your organization so we we go from an inbound RZVnBN8ePBI-00263-00133744-00134488 looking an organization to how do I fit in the big picture because to the consumer to the world the RZVnBN8ePBI-00264-00134488-00135048 world is made of consumers so the world of made is individual is not made of just organization RZVnBN8ePBI-00265-00135048-00135552 we deal with each other so ultimately your success depends on how well you're accepted by the people RZVnBN8ePBI-00266-00135688-00136184 yeah yeah money is a proxy for people at the end of the day well and then we talk about RZVnBN8ePBI-00267-00136184-00136672 the attention economy I i talk about that in "JERK" too where you know likes become RZVnBN8ePBI-00268-00136672-00137232 a currency and lo and behold it's happening right it was for many years it was annoying RZVnBN8ePBI-00269-00137232-00137632 that I felt "JERK" was right and now it's sort of gratifying that it's all proving to be right RZVnBN8ePBI-00270-00137632-00138136 but but literally I mean you know how do the how are the kardashians so popular and wealthy RZVnBN8ePBI-00271-00138136-00138728 it's because they're popular right and so some so many of those concepts are now coming really to RZVnBN8ePBI-00272-00138728-00139184 the fore and that's that's what again gratifying getting "JERKS"together and that's the point of re RZVnBN8ePBI-00273-00139184-00139672 of launching the channel is no kidding this stuff is really happening now and if you RZVnBN8ePBI-00274-00139672-00140072 want to understand this world that we're moving into you better get on board with this stuff... RZVnBN8ePBI-00275-00140072-00140144 We're coming up on 35 minutes i'm trying to be sensitive that these aren't too long so so RZVnBN8ePBI-00276-00140144-00140592 again going back to just the the notion of "JERK" and derivative thinking and so forth RZVnBN8ePBI-00277-00140760-00141256 if if you're going to share with you know the people that are following this stuff RZVnBN8ePBI-00278-00141256-00141632 kind of how do you could you use a lot of big technical words and i'm happy to say that I RZVnBN8ePBI-00279-00141632-00142104 followed that stuff but if someone is expressing interest in how do you do this how do you RZVnBN8ePBI-00280-00142104-00142576 how do you like engage in this sort of thought processes to apply new thinking to their business RZVnBN8ePBI-00281-00142656-00143240 give us like your top two or three suggestions top suggestion is to understand the basics you RZVnBN8ePBI-00282-00143240-00143800 have to have a direction in which you're moving and everybody knows what direction they're moving RZVnBN8ePBI-00283-00143864-00144392 or what direction you want to move at least people who are smart know how fast they're going people RZVnBN8ePBI-00284-00144392-00144848 who are smarter know how much they're putting the pedal on you know how much to the metal they're RZVnBN8ePBI-00285-00144848-00145528 going and we were really those who disrupt thing begin to say okay do I put a turbo in the car do I RZVnBN8ePBI-00286-00145528-00146168 put a bottle of nitro in the card am I doing drug races award how I leave my competitors behind how RZVnBN8ePBI-00287-00146168-00146840 how I get my company to have a leading edge on something those people in in any gambling RZVnBN8ePBI-00288-00146840-00147376 situation you will call them cheaters in business you call smart people that are "JERKS"disrupt the RZVnBN8ePBI-00289-00147376-00147896 business of everybody else who's doing the same that you were doing the day before so the ability RZVnBN8ePBI-00290-00147896-00148496 to control the acceleration of the company not just to put the metal to the floor but to change RZVnBN8ePBI-00291-00148496-00149104 the structure of the engine that is driving your own company that is what allow you to control the RZVnBN8ePBI-00292-00149104-00149544 speed and the acceleration that you're moving forward of course if you're going in the wrong RZVnBN8ePBI-00293-00149544-00150024 direction you're going to hit the wall regardless even faster okay but assuming that you have a RZVnBN8ePBI-00294-00150024-00150640 good idea assuming that you're going to manage it properly then we give you the instruments RZVnBN8ePBI-00295-00150640-00151088 to say okay it may be you start with a workshop you say what are the things that we're measuring RZVnBN8ePBI-00296-00151144-00151560 why are we measuring this has it changed how much has it's changed what are the companies RZVnBN8ePBI-00297-00151560-00152056 you build the chicago design when you do the fish and say what are the components that measure these RZVnBN8ePBI-00298-00152056-00152392 and what are the levers that you have to modify each of those components RZVnBN8ePBI-00299-00152632-00153272 that is such a key thing like if you don't have a lever to to manage that variable why RZVnBN8ePBI-00300-00153368-00154080 exactly leave it alone go away my point is if you don't have the thermostat in your house RZVnBN8ePBI-00301-00154080-00154552 and the aircon or the heater there's no point knowing exactly what temperature it is at one RZVnBN8ePBI-00302-00154552-00155096 particular point because you cannot do anything about it so I say I say this with my kids like RZVnBN8ePBI-00303-00155096-00155456 everyone always worries about what they're doing so i'm like worrying is not a parenting skill RZVnBN8ePBI-00304-00155456-00155856 right you there's no benefit from worrying you know we use that energy to actually teach them RZVnBN8ePBI-00305-00155856-00156272 something or whatever but it's the same sort of thing if you don't have a lever to deal with that RZVnBN8ePBI-00306-00156272-00157208 particular variable let it go well the thing is it's consuming your neurons managing something RZVnBN8ePBI-00307-00157208-00157840 managing between quotes managing something we actually cannot do anything about it okay so when RZVnBN8ePBI-00308-00157840-00158392 people say okay global warming or particles in the ozone and whatever and you say well what are RZVnBN8ePBI-00309-00158392-00158904 we going to do about it other than measure that because if you don't manage the speed at which you RZVnBN8ePBI-00310-00158904-00159672 reduce carbon in atmosphere we're going to burn like in hell so measuring it alone is the first RZVnBN8ePBI-00311-00159672-00160208 level of awareness okay and then maybe 12 steps depending on what program you're in but there RZVnBN8ePBI-00312-00160208-00160896 are many steps to go okay and and the steps that you have to do is one to be aware of where you are RZVnBN8ePBI-00313-00160896-00161448 the second way to where what speed you're going and and how are you changing that and what what RZVnBN8ePBI-00314-00161448-00162112 I find interesting is that most people focus on worrying and generating adrenaline and stress RZVnBN8ePBI-00315-00162112-00162696 and cortisol and all the things that you build in your head that says i'm accumulating stress RZVnBN8ePBI-00316-00162760-00163216 and it's like well hold on if you have adrenaline that could be good because RZVnBN8ePBI-00317-00163216-00163984 it prepares you for action but if you don't do anything about it it becomes toxic oh geez george RZVnBN8ePBI-00318-00164112-00164520 I love it well I i do some executive coaching okay i'm part of the executive coaching RZVnBN8ePBI-00319-00164520-00165128 I coach individuals that are way more intelligent than me okay i'm borderline mensah they allow me RZVnBN8ePBI-00320-00165128-00165688 just because I almost hit like the tennis ball if possible i'm bored elements I coach people who RZVnBN8ePBI-00321-00165688-00166336 have iq of 160. and I coach them on social skills and coaching on other things okay and when you RZVnBN8ePBI-00322-00166336-00166848 have an individual that is very intelligent you have to say you have to use your intelligence to RZVnBN8ePBI-00323-00166848-00167424 change things you cannot use your intelligence to understand and worry about things and what RZVnBN8ePBI-00324-00167424-00168016 happens is that most executives use information technology to worry about more things that they RZVnBN8ePBI-00325-00168016-00168800 are actually managing and by my definition of managing is effective change yes uh I took a class RZVnBN8ePBI-00326-00168904-00169416 many years ago with a professor called eddie obang who wrote a book called old change and he said RZVnBN8ePBI-00327-00169416-00170040 that strategic is not what you do that affects the future strategic is what you do every day RZVnBN8ePBI-00328-00170104-00170600 that makes more probable of all the possible future scenarios the one that you want RZVnBN8ePBI-00329-00170712-00171264 so you're in the business of altering the probabilities of doing something RZVnBN8ePBI-00330-00171336-00171792 so that the biasing that you do that the scenario that you want to do is more probable RZVnBN8ePBI-00331-00171848-00172504 so think of bias test and you say what can I do to make more probable what I want RZVnBN8ePBI-00332-00172616-00173232 and it's not it's not saying am I going right predicting what is going to happen in 2030 RZVnBN8ePBI-00333-00173304-00173944 my strategy would be what can I do today to make more probable that 2030 looks the way I RZVnBN8ePBI-00334-00173944-00174536 would like to to look exactly and the the way I paraphrase it sort of american sort of phrases RZVnBN8ePBI-00335-00174592-00175208 is you you fight flight or freeze right your response and the worst of those three options RZVnBN8ePBI-00336-00175208-00175776 is the freeze because as you said the adrenaline that's going to drive activity if you don't do RZVnBN8ePBI-00337-00175776-00176248 anything it's toxic and you're exactly right if I look at business intelligence and I look at RZVnBN8ePBI-00338-00176248-00176800 data analytics and metrics so many executives use all of this all this input and analysis RZVnBN8ePBI-00339-00176800-00177304 to freeze right and we have to analyze some more and we have to think some more and say no you RZVnBN8ePBI-00340-00177304-00177784 got to do something otherwise it becomes toxic it's such a great point if I can recommend the RZVnBN8ePBI-00341-00177784-00178432 book of a friend there's a researcher that wrote a book called literally why the can I not change RZVnBN8ePBI-00342-00178560-00179408 I said yeah sounds like my "JERK" yeah well and and basically what what the researcher is saying RZVnBN8ePBI-00343-00179408-00179944 is that I i met with her once and I say I i devised this technique for mentoring people and RZVnBN8ePBI-00344-00179944-00180440 coaching people to speak in public I know it works but I don't know why it works so she explained me RZVnBN8ePBI-00345-00180440-00181016 why my technique which was completely empirical and developed over 10 years worked because I i RZVnBN8ePBI-00346-00181016-00181568 knew that it worked but I didn't know why but basically what happened is when you engage your RZVnBN8ePBI-00347-00181568-00182136 prefrontal cortex there's a flow of brain of blood in your brain that takes blood from the amygdala RZVnBN8ePBI-00348-00182136-00182976 from the primate brain so the reaction to fight fight or phrase is do neither of these three is RZVnBN8ePBI-00349-00182976-00183656 start to think because the moment you start to think and you engage your prefrontal cortex you RZVnBN8ePBI-00350-00183656-00184248 take blood literally from when you take attention from the part of your brain that is creating that RZVnBN8ePBI-00351-00184248-00185096 reaction of firefighter fleece and the modern human is prepared by nature to fight and our RZVnBN8ePBI-00352-00185096-00185576 way of fighting in this millenniis not to fight with our hands but to fight with the prefrontal RZVnBN8ePBI-00353-00185576-00186456 cortex and we need to learn to react to things that are traditional fight flight or freeze with RZVnBN8ePBI-00354-00186456-00187016 saying what is the modern equivalent of picking the axle picking a stick and beating somebody RZVnBN8ePBI-00355-00187016-00187656 with a thing we need to react in a different way so there are metaphors that you say RZVnBN8ePBI-00356-00187656-00188304 how do I convert this energy and this adrenaline that I have in my bloodstream because i'm you know RZVnBN8ePBI-00357-00188304-00188976 I measure this and it's wrong and what do I do about it to active burning cellulose and burning RZVnBN8ePBI-00358-00188976-00189504 sugar in your brain and instead of doing physical activity to do the mental activity that gets you RZVnBN8ePBI-00359-00189504-00190032 out of that situation and if you put people in in a brain scanner you will think you'll see RZVnBN8ePBI-00360-00190032-00190728 that people who start to do brainy things reduce the level of anxiety while solving the problem RZVnBN8ePBI-00361-00190808-00191336 as opposed to being worried by the problem and being frozen because they cannot do it RZVnBN8ePBI-00362-00191336-00191848 there's a very simple thing that I this is a tip for those who speak in public RZVnBN8ePBI-00363-00191968-00192688 if you're counting how many people you're talking to you're not going to have fear why because your RZVnBN8ePBI-00364-00192688-00193192 brain is engaging can't you say okay one two three and you're delivering your chat in background RZVnBN8ePBI-00365-00193192-00193520 okay but you're looking at how many people more or less are in the room RZVnBN8ePBI-00366-00193616-00194200 you keep your brain doing any things to do that reduces your level of anxiety RZVnBN8ePBI-00367-00194256-00194800 in the case of the executives what you want is them to react using the prefrontal cortex RZVnBN8ePBI-00368-00194800-00195336 as opposed to react using the amygdala and the reptilian brain that says oh we are in crisis we RZVnBN8ePBI-00369-00195336-00195992 know you're in crisis your job is to fix it not to be worried about the crisis oh geez so george we RZVnBN8ePBI-00370-00195992-00196496 could go on for ages and and because no I intended because i'm gonna have you come back because this RZVnBN8ePBI-00371-00196496-00197088 is just gold I did a lot of that stuff is what came come up in the ops model research that I RZVnBN8ePBI-00372-00197088-00197672 did it's a recurring theme the the the need to act and so forth but I love how you put that context RZVnBN8ePBI-00373-00197672-00198264 in that that it's it's not just doing stuff it's thinking as you do it that's awesome oh my gosh RZVnBN8ePBI-00374-00198328-00198984 the time flies I can't wait to have you back again and thanks so much for the conversation... RaTH0b50yD4-00000-00000080-00001592 here very shortly RaTH0b50yD4-00001-00005216-00005712 okay again welcome everyone to the town hall this evening just as a couple things i'll introduce RaTH0b50yD4-00002-00005712-00006032 myself in a second but just since it's here on the title slide i'd like to remind everybody RaTH0b50yD4-00003-00006032-00006392 we're going to record this this evening just so everybody knows full disclosure we'll be doing RaTH0b50yD4-00004-00006392-00006856 that we're using webex event so if you haven't used it before it may be a little different than RaTH0b50yD4-00005-00006856-00007456 some of your typical video conferencing software or if you use webex meetings is slightly different RaTH0b50yD4-00006-00007456-00008008 a lot different one of the things though it does have a question and answer box labeled q a so you RaTH0b50yD4-00007-00008008-00008472 should be able to find a tab or a box depending on how you've got your setup where you can type RaTH0b50yD4-00008-00008472-00008824 in questions and answers we'll be monitoring that and that'll be the easiest way for you to RaTH0b50yD4-00009-00008824-00009320 ask questions of myself and and the two students that will be participating with us this evening RaTH0b50yD4-00010-00009456-00009872 again i just put a little outline here and i've got some some powerpoint slides mostly to let me RaTH0b50yD4-00011-00009872-00010160 make sure i don't forget what to talk about and don't want her off topic too far RaTH0b50yD4-00012-00010216-00010680 so my name is bill crossley i'm the j william uhrig and anastasia vournas head of aeronautics RaTH0b50yD4-00013-00010680-00011008 and astronautics here at purdue university i'm really happy that you can all join us tonight RaTH0b50yD4-00014-00011128-00011536 i'm going to try to give some quick updates about the school and as is often typical of RaTH0b50yD4-00015-00011536-00011960 faculty members i probably have too many slides so i'll watch my uh time pretty quickly i might skip RaTH0b50yD4-00016-00011960-00012448 a few things we asked a couple students to give you their perspectives so you can get a different RaTH0b50yD4-00017-00012448-00012832 view and it's one thing for the head to talk with you and i hope you think that my input's important RaTH0b50yD4-00018-00012896-00013376 but if a lot of you have questions about the student perspective particularly during covid both RaTH0b50yD4-00019-00013376-00013736 julia and zach will be able to help you with those and we'll try to save plenty of time for questions RaTH0b50yD4-00020-00013736-00014247 and answers here at the end of the of the meeting several of you sent in questions in advance and RaTH0b50yD4-00021-00014247-00014736 so we've got those as well and stacy clardie our communications director will help us do the q a RaTH0b50yD4-00022-00014736-00015272 at the end of today's event so let me get started i've got a couple notes here one is just a really RaTH0b50yD4-00023-00015272-00015912 quick reminder that we're finishing up our 75th anniversary back on july 1st in 1945 the school RaTH0b50yD4-00024-00015912-00016512 of aeronautics became its own independent academic unit growing out of the mechanical engineering and RaTH0b50yD4-00025-00016512-00016984 so again this is our 75th academic year we've been celebrating with lots of different virtual events RaTH0b50yD4-00026-00017048-00017480 a lot of faculty feature stories some really neat video messages from alumni and friends a RaTH0b50yD4-00027-00017480-00017984 timeline etc so if you haven't checked out our 75th anniversary yet i've got it on the screen RaTH0b50yD4-00028-00017984-00018520 here but you just need to google purdue ae 75th and you'll be able to find that pretty quickly RaTH0b50yD4-00029-00018520-00018928 and thanks to those who have contributed to those videos and those different messages RaTH0b50yD4-00030-00019168-00019592 i want to give a quick update on the program you know we've got mixed opinions about u.s. RaTH0b50yD4-00031-00019592-00020056 news and world report rankings they are important and people do look at them and so people i wanted RaTH0b50yD4-00032-00020056-00020552 to share those with everybody the 2021 rankings were actually released back in september so it was RaTH0b50yD4-00033-00020552-00021056 after the last time we had this town hall meeting so just give you a current update of where our RaTH0b50yD4-00034-00021056-00021520 colleagues think purdue's undergraduate program ranks and i phrase that on purpose that way RaTH0b50yD4-00035-00021576-00021992 the engineering specialty rankings are really based on department heads like myself RaTH0b50yD4-00036-00022128-00022536 reporting what we think are really outstanding programs in aerospace engineering RaTH0b50yD4-00037-00022536-00022904 and those get ranked based on the number of people that say we think this is an outstanding RaTH0b50yD4-00038-00022904-00023320 aerospace engineering program so the top ten are at right there's a few ties including us RaTH0b50yD4-00039-00023320-00023768 being tied with stanford at fifth place we were tied last year fourth place with embry RaTH0b50yD4-00040-00023768-00024144 riddle and you can look at that list and see how they've been we move around a little bit RaTH0b50yD4-00041-00024144-00024568 i think as long as we're in the top 10 that's really important because it means our reputation RaTH0b50yD4-00042-00024568-00025144 is really good top five is nice but some of it's a a completely popular contest but i have RaTH0b50yD4-00043-00025144-00025576 to admit there's part of it so being ranked by our colleagues pretty highly is really important RaTH0b50yD4-00044-00025656-00026192 the reputation score in the far column there is actually the reputation of the university sorry RaTH0b50yD4-00045-00026192-00026576 of the college of engineering as a whole at these different programs and our college of engineering RaTH0b50yD4-00046-00026576-00027168 is ranked ninth in the country in these rankings for undergraduate engineering so number five is RaTH0b50yD4-00047-00027168-00027552 i think we're a little bit better than number five but number five is quite admirable RaTH0b50yD4-00048-00027752-00028264 the graduate report they did the 2021 rankings they came out in march of 2020 RaTH0b50yD4-00049-00028320-00028688 and so we're expecting the 2022 rankings to come out here shortly we don't have them out RaTH0b50yD4-00050-00028688-00029295 yet but probably at the end of this month and so our standing is six for graduate program RaTH0b50yD4-00051-00029295-00029695 which is also again following the same discussion i had before i think was pretty good last year we RaTH0b50yD4-00052-00029695-00030160 tied with michigan somebody changed their vote maybe um maybe a new department head showed up RaTH0b50yD4-00053-00030160-00030856 i'm not sure exactly why that changes but we're not that far off from michigan last year and we're RaTH0b50yD4-00054-00030856-00031376 tied with him last year again the top ten is here at the right college of engineering as a whole has RaTH0b50yD4-00055-00031376-00031960 moved up to seven from eight between the 2020 and 2021 rankings so again i think purdue is a really RaTH0b50yD4-00056-00031960-00032560 good company and our aeronautics and astronauts program it's also a very good company here also RaTH0b50yD4-00057-00032560-00032976 thinking about our program i wanted to share this some of you who have talked with me have seen this RaTH0b50yD4-00058-00032976-00033544 and i showed something similar to this back in the fall um town hall if you're joining us for the RaTH0b50yD4-00059-00033544-00034016 first time i only have the history for the last 10 years and this is the fall official enrollment RaTH0b50yD4-00060-00034016-00034544 for each of these years you can see a general upward trend the top line is our total enrollment RaTH0b50yD4-00061-00034544-00034920 the middle line is our undergraduate enrollment and the bottom line is our graduate enrollment RaTH0b50yD4-00062-00034984-00035616 and in fall 2020 we are a record enrollment for for these categories 1546 students is a record RaTH0b50yD4-00063-00035688-00036120 and and also the number of graduate undergraduate students individually those are also records RaTH0b50yD4-00064-00036192-00036632 so it's it's kind of a good news we're very popular program both for graduate RaTH0b50yD4-00065-00036632-00037112 and undergraduate students and but it's also a challenge for us because it puts uh some pressure RaTH0b50yD4-00066-00037112-00037600 on us given the high enrollments so i've got a couple slides to just make sure i don't forget RaTH0b50yD4-00067-00037600-00038000 a few of these things looking ahead so right now i guess it's technically not looking ahead RaTH0b50yD4-00068-00038000-00038576 in spring but spring we know from asking what our enrollment is here right now we have 904 RaTH0b50yD4-00069-00038576-00038976 undergraduate students and 585 graduate students so the number of undergraduate RaTH0b50yD4-00070-00038976-00039536 students has dropped a little bit because going from fall semester to spring semester we have RaTH0b50yD4-00071-00039536-00040080 many students graduate but far fewer students move from first-year engineering into aeronautics and RaTH0b50yD4-00072-00040080-00040600 astronautics during the spring so that drop is not on unexpected graduate students is about the same RaTH0b50yD4-00073-00040600-00041112 because graduate students work basically on their pace of their research if they're doing a thesis RaTH0b50yD4-00074-00041112-00041672 so graduation rates tend to vary a little bit more than the undergraduates we've done RaTH0b50yD4-00075-00041672-00042288 some work to project for fall 2021 so that's the coming semester that start the next academic year RaTH0b50yD4-00076-00042376-00042984 our current projection again is both good and also maybe a little bit scary 1120 undergraduate RaTH0b50yD4-00077-00042984-00043896 students so sophomores through seniors in standing this will be you know basically since we had 956 RaTH0b50yD4-00078-00043896-00044536 in fall of 2020 and we'll have 1120 in the fall of 2021 this is still another big growth RaTH0b50yD4-00079-00044640-00045096 so you can see that difference there um and and it's great because it means we're popular so RaTH0b50yD4-00080-00045096-00045592 it's just something we want to pay attention to i think and i just share with everybody that of the RaTH0b50yD4-00081-00045592-00045960 different programs and aeronautics and astronauts we will likely continue to have the highest RaTH0b50yD4-00082-00045960-00046592 student to faculty ratio in the college so there's lots of things on social media and discussions RaTH0b50yD4-00083-00046592-00047016 about how mean and how tough we are to get into but part of it's driven by our demand and just the RaTH0b50yD4-00084-00047016-00047456 resources we've got available so i wanted to set that for everybody again it's i think it's a good RaTH0b50yD4-00085-00047544-00047928 good issue for us to have but it does present some challenges for us RaTH0b50yD4-00086-00048168-00048576 obviously we've been doing this in the covid 19 so i wanted to give some updates when i talked to RaTH0b50yD4-00087-00048576-00049040 you we were last time i did a a town hall again maybe not all of you are on that the last time RaTH0b50yD4-00088-00049040-00049648 i did this we were looking forward to just about starting the fall 2020 semester and we had a mix RaTH0b50yD4-00089-00049648-00050208 of on-campus and online options the on-campus classrooms were de-densified we have you know RaTH0b50yD4-00090-00050208-00050880 spacing at six feet apart for students occupancy in most rooms was 50 or less their max capacity RaTH0b50yD4-00091-00050880-00051352 we had lots of options for students take courses remotely to be fair even though we did it in a RaTH0b50yD4-00092-00051352-00051984 hurry in spring of 2020 to respond to the crisis we were still doing a lot of learning on the fly RaTH0b50yD4-00093-00052104-00052591 i think we did pretty well all of our ae lecture based courses had online experience options RaTH0b50yD4-00094-00052591-00053040 the lab courses still took place with greatly reduced numbers we had students wearing RaTH0b50yD4-00095-00053040-00053591 protective equipment in addition to face masks were appropriate and we pulled that off spring RaTH0b50yD4-00096-00053591-00054400 2021 was similar although we did shift to having more on per in-person options we still allowed RaTH0b50yD4-00097-00054400-00054864 students that needed to be online to do it online we still allowed students to not have to show up RaTH0b50yD4-00098-00054864-00055464 to class if they had they felt ill we didn't want them coming so there were ways to access content RaTH0b50yD4-00099-00055464-00056072 remotely and so there's a good balance there and we found that some students actually preferred RaTH0b50yD4-00100-00056072-00056479 the online delivery for all kinds of different reasons so there's a wide variety of student RaTH0b50yD4-00101-00056479-00057032 experiences there but you know i always hear some some stories that aren't so great but overall i RaTH0b50yD4-00102-00057032-00057384 think the experience for aeronautics and national ag students has really been positive given the RaTH0b50yD4-00103-00057384-00057952 current environment and we've had no evidence of any transmission of covid 19 in a classroom or RaTH0b50yD4-00104-00057952-00058479 an instructional laboratory we've got pretty good contract contact tracing here at purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00105-00058560-00059104 and when people have contracted covid it's been from usually from a group living RaTH0b50yD4-00106-00059232-00059600 you know situation like a cooperative housing or fraternity or sorority et cetera RaTH0b50yD4-00107-00059600-00059967 it's nothing from being in the classroom so being in the classroom has been pretty safe RaTH0b50yD4-00108-00059967-00060704 for our students when i did the fall meeting we had just started ramping back up our research and RaTH0b50yD4-00109-00060704-00061367 in fact i think purdue was ahead of most the large research intensive universities because by july RaTH0b50yD4-00110-00061367-00062024 we already had 5000 people back involved in on-campus in-person research we were almost RaTH0b50yD4-00111-00062024-00062552 back to 100 of our on-campus in-person research by the end of the fall 2020 semester in aero and RaTH0b50yD4-00112-00062552-00063048 astro so we were able to have our students in the labs working with faculty and research staff RaTH0b50yD4-00113-00063112-00063655 on their projects a lot of our computational analytical research has remained remote because RaTH0b50yD4-00114-00063655-00064128 that made sense in my case my students and i do mostly computational research so we were able to RaTH0b50yD4-00115-00064128-00064655 do that we've still been working remotely we have had cases where someone who's been working in an RaTH0b50yD4-00116-00064655-00065160 on-campus lab has been either exposed to someone with covid or has has been diagnosed with covid RaTH0b50yD4-00117-00065224-00065792 and so we have really good protocols to close down that space and and clean it and then get it back RaTH0b50yD4-00118-00065792-00066304 up and going after a certain period of time and so we again we haven't seen any transmission in RaTH0b50yD4-00119-00066304-00066920 the research spaces and i think we've done a good job with that so looking ahead summer is going to RaTH0b50yD4-00120-00066920-00067328 operate a lot like spring in aerodynamics and astronautics we have a small number of courses RaTH0b50yD4-00121-00067328-00067808 in the summer not zero but small and they'll have de-densified classrooms and they'll have online RaTH0b50yD4-00122-00067864-00068416 capability in fall though we're planning to move back to close to typical on-campus operations RaTH0b50yD4-00123-00068416-00068808 so i've got a bunch of bullets there to make sure that i make a few points clear RaTH0b50yD4-00124-00068808-00069240 purdue has been very good about saying look if we need to change we'll change so some of RaTH0b50yD4-00125-00069240-00069640 the decisions get made closer to last minute but i think that's smart given the situation RaTH0b50yD4-00126-00069720-00070264 right now the thinking is that everybody who wants a vaccine will have one by august we're still RaTH0b50yD4-00127-00070264-00070696 wrestling we being purdue i'm not in this team but the purdue medical team that's helping here RaTH0b50yD4-00128-00070792-00071216 is going to look at whether we think we need to require vaccinations to be on campus some RaTH0b50yD4-00129-00071216-00071744 of you may be aware we required the flu vaccine to get back onto campus last year to make sure RaTH0b50yD4-00130-00071744-00072312 that people didn't get flu and or covid at the same time so that's still in process intent is RaTH0b50yD4-00131-00072312-00072792 to move back to near 100 capacity classrooms we'll probably be wearing face masks and things but we RaTH0b50yD4-00132-00072792-00073368 think that the distancing may not be necessary so most of our courses will back to in-person RaTH0b50yD4-00133-00073368-00073880 delivery some of our courses make sense to just to be online regardless of covid so those may RaTH0b50yD4-00134-00073880-00074344 still stay online and again details will be coming over the summer how fall is going to work but i'm RaTH0b50yD4-00135-00074408-00074832 personally optimistic will be not back to where it was exactly before covid but much RaTH0b50yD4-00136-00074832-00075200 closer and so i think that'll be a better experience for the faculty and the students RaTH0b50yD4-00137-00075376-00075720 a couple highlights i want to do real quick and i can't give justice to everything going on in RaTH0b50yD4-00138-00075720-00076096 the schools so i just picked three things to talk about to give you kind of three different points RaTH0b50yD4-00139-00076168-00076560 one of them is that the board of trustees just approved the new building for our hypersonics RaTH0b50yD4-00140-00076560-00077032 facilities and purdue aeronautics national next is a leader in hypersonic testing capability RaTH0b50yD4-00141-00077112-00077560 we're in the process now of designing and developing a mach 8 quiet flow tunnel it'll be the RaTH0b50yD4-00142-00077624-00078104 the fastest quiet flow tunnel we're pretty famous for having the first mach 6 quiet flow tunnel RaTH0b50yD4-00143-00078160-00078696 so i'll have speeds of the right conditions to consider hypersonic flow our friends at northrop RaTH0b50yD4-00144-00078696-00079104 grumman facilitated donating us the high pulse which is in the picture here at the right it's a RaTH0b50yD4-00145-00079104-00079696 shock tunnel that doesn't necessarily do the same speed but it does the same enthalpy at mach 25 RaTH0b50yD4-00146-00079696-00080248 so in my layman's terms the mach 8 has the right speed but the wrong temperature the high pulse has RaTH0b50yD4-00147-00080248-00080728 the wrong speed but the right temperature to do the hypersonics i'm greatly oversimplifying for RaTH0b50yD4-00148-00080728-00081176 those who know about hypersonics but what it means is purdue's going to have outstanding capabilities RaTH0b50yD4-00149-00081176-00081664 here this very large building will also include some space for restricted research so we can do RaTH0b50yD4-00150-00081664-00082272 work that wouldn't be open to the public this is a neat story brandon terry here who's if you RaTH0b50yD4-00151-00082272-00082720 can see my cursor on the left in your picture is one of our phd students started a small company RaTH0b50yD4-00152-00082720-00083152 here supported by purdue in the research park they've developed a new solid rocket fuel and RaTH0b50yD4-00153-00083152-00083608 they're going to build a new facility and add 50 jobs to the community just kind of a neat RaTH0b50yD4-00154-00083608-00084000 someone coming to purdue getting their degree and doing well and adding back to the community RaTH0b50yD4-00155-00084000-00084568 so that's a neat story as well and our our alumni are scattered everywhere so many of us including RaTH0b50yD4-00156-00084568-00085072 myself watched the spacex demo 2 launched the international space station and the return RaTH0b50yD4-00157-00085072-00085496 and many of our alumni were honored by nasa for their contributions to that again i put RaTH0b50yD4-00158-00085496-00085920 a link down here if you follow us on social media you can find most of these stories but RaTH0b50yD4-00159-00085920-00086432 it's neat we've got alumni doing big things alumni staying in town and doing interesting things and RaTH0b50yD4-00160-00086432-00086880 we're adding to our research capabilities i know we're getting close on time here so let me give RaTH0b50yD4-00161-00086880-00087248 you a couple highlights of things some of the questions asked what are you looking forward RaTH0b50yD4-00162-00087248-00087720 to doing in the next year looking ahead so for the next academic year that's going to start RaTH0b50yD4-00163-00087720-00088208 in the fall we need to do something to continue to address these impacts of our large enrollment RaTH0b50yD4-00164-00088296-00088760 so we've been doing work to add a teaching fellows program where you give graduate students a chance RaTH0b50yD4-00165-00088760-00089336 to be mentored by a faculty member and put that student she or he in front of the classroom RaTH0b50yD4-00166-00089336-00089712 to actually teach which we think will prepare our students for faculty jobs if they're interested RaTH0b50yD4-00167-00089712-00090152 in that we're always looking to add additional teaching assistant positions above and beyond RaTH0b50yD4-00168-00090152-00090664 what the university pays for because we think that helps our student experience we're also in RaTH0b50yD4-00169-00090664-00091104 the process of trying to add several new faculty members in the tenure track and so i'm working on RaTH0b50yD4-00170-00091104-00091528 that at the moment i can't share details because we're in negotiations but i'm hoping to announce RaTH0b50yD4-00171-00091528-00092168 shortly we'll have several new additions to the faculty uh as we get back closer to real in-person RaTH0b50yD4-00172-00092224-00092600 meetings we want to keep supporting our student activities a lot of them came RaTH0b50yD4-00173-00092600-00093088 back as we figured out how to work with covid and with with our face masks and face shields and ppe RaTH0b50yD4-00174-00093160-00093496 and some of our student rocket launch teams have been quite active as an example RaTH0b50yD4-00175-00093496-00093824 but we're going to make sure we need to keep that going as we get back to more RaTH0b50yD4-00176-00093824-00094288 new normal setup one of the things that's also interesting is i think there's some things we've RaTH0b50yD4-00177-00094288-00094776 learned in being forced to go to online remote that actually have some best practices for just RaTH0b50yD4-00178-00094776-00095232 learning in general and so some of those are going to try to capture and maintain as we move forward RaTH0b50yD4-00179-00095312-00095864 and personally i've really started to look at the diversity inclusion in the school and i've been RaTH0b50yD4-00180-00095864-00096256 having several conversations with our students about their experiences and that's something we RaTH0b50yD4-00181-00096256-00096640 have lots of room to improve on and so i want to continue to work on that the next academic year RaTH0b50yD4-00182-00096768-00097216 looking forward we've got some big efforts in hypersonics our aerospace autonomy our u.s. RaTH0b50yD4-00183-00097216-00097656 research and test facility cislunar initiative all have exciting things going on i showed you RaTH0b50yD4-00184-00097656-00098160 the hypersonics building i can talk more about the other facilities zucrow labs which is just RaTH0b50yD4-00185-00098160-00098720 an outstanding facility and probably the world's best university propulsion laboratory facility has RaTH0b50yD4-00186-00098720-00099104 needs for growth that upgrades and we're going to help with our partners mechanical engineering to RaTH0b50yD4-00187-00099104-00099576 do that i'd like to see some meaningful change in the diversity of our faculty staff and students RaTH0b50yD4-00188-00099576-00100000 that's a much longer effort than just fixing that overnight but i do want to work on that we've got RaTH0b50yD4-00189-00100000-00100712 some ideas in play right now i think that our faculty really have have done a lot that can be RaTH0b50yD4-00190-00100712-00101088 recognized and we don't always have the resources to do that so i'm working on figuring out how to RaTH0b50yD4-00191-00101088-00101552 do that and as we grow the faculty if we want to get somebody to leave another university to come RaTH0b50yD4-00192-00101552-00102176 to purdue that recruitment requires some resources that we also need to work on and so that's in the RaTH0b50yD4-00193-00102176-00102632 plans for me i think we talk to other colleagues and often they're well established at another RaTH0b50yD4-00194-00102632-00103072 university and so we need to make it attractive for them to come to purdue if we want to do that RaTH0b50yD4-00195-00103144-00103680 and our curriculum i had this on as a short-term goal recently but as our enrollment goes up it RaTH0b50yD4-00196-00103680-00104144 gets harder for us to experiment we don't want to mess with something that's working but we do know RaTH0b50yD4-00197-00104144-00104528 our curriculum needs to be updated and so i've moved this a little bit to more medium and longer RaTH0b50yD4-00198-00104528-00105008 term to look at how do we evolve our curriculum to include more content that we think is relevant RaTH0b50yD4-00199-00105008-00105496 for today's aerospace engineers without losing the fundamentals that's not an easy thing to do RaTH0b50yD4-00200-00105496-00105983 and right now with the large class sizes i think we need to push this off be aware of it make some RaTH0b50yD4-00201-00105983-00106496 changes but push off a big overhaul a little bit out further in the future this is my last slide RaTH0b50yD4-00202-00106496-00107064 and i went a little bit over my intended time but often people ask us how can you engage with us so RaTH0b50yD4-00203-00107168-00107648 stacy who i mentioned stacy clardie does a great job with our social media we've got a new group RaTH0b50yD4-00204-00107648-00108072 on linkedin you may have already been able to join it but there's a specific one for aeronautics and RaTH0b50yD4-00205-00108072-00108480 astronautics purdue aerodynamics and astronautics on linkedin that's one that's got a lot of effort RaTH0b50yD4-00206-00108480-00108968 we've got twitter facebook instagram other stuff that i don't even know about i'm sure we're on RaTH0b50yD4-00207-00109088-00109424 the purdue day of giving is coming up and i know it always feels like we're always asking RaTH0b50yD4-00208-00109424-00109848 for money but it is it is expensive to run the school and keep us top-notch since the purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00209-00109848-00110328 day of giving us a chance to give directly to the school some of our facilities upgrades the RaTH0b50yD4-00210-00110328-00110816 student support faculty recognition those may be bigger gifts but if that's something you think RaTH0b50yD4-00211-00110816-00111280 is is in your capability to do you'd be happy to chat with you about how you could help us do that RaTH0b50yD4-00212-00111376-00111720 and then i know one of the things that a lot i've got a lot of alums i've looked at the attendee RaTH0b50yD4-00213-00111720-00112264 list and a lot of you are at places that like to hire our students and if you have internship RaTH0b50yD4-00214-00112264-00112848 opportunities or other opportunities make sure you let us know um sometimes we we can't always just RaTH0b50yD4-00215-00112848-00113256 go find those and sometimes we don't know what's going on and so if you can share those with us RaTH0b50yD4-00216-00113256-00113759 that would be huge a huge help for us we've got a nice set up to share information with RaTH0b50yD4-00217-00113759-00114200 our undergraduate students so with that i think i probably went a little bit too long but that was RaTH0b50yD4-00218-00114200-00114759 my quick overview so let me stop sharing here real quick and what i'd like to do next before we take RaTH0b50yD4-00219-00114759-00115152 q a is i like to introduce some of our students and so first i'm going to introduce to you RaTH0b50yD4-00220-00115488-00115880 julia kozlowski so julia is a senior here at aeronautics and astronautics and she's RaTH0b50yD4-00221-00115880-00116408 graduating in may and she's going to stay with us to study her master's degree focused in propulsion RaTH0b50yD4-00222-00116408-00116896 so she'll probably be out at zucrow labs that i mentioned um julia's got a neat story background RaTH0b50yD4-00223-00116896-00117352 she transferred to purdue in her sophomore year and she's since she's been here with us she's RaTH0b50yD4-00224-00117352-00117792 done a lot of work in rocketry propulsion research she's done a couple internships has been involved RaTH0b50yD4-00225-00117792-00118352 in outreach for k-12 she's currently the president of the purdue women in aerospace which is RaTH0b50yD4-00226-00118352-00118952 one of our big student organizations and and julia has done a great job hosting our virtual amelia RaTH0b50yD4-00227-00118952-00119440 earhart summit so we've done that in person for two years this is our third go at that RaTH0b50yD4-00228-00119440-00119968 the women in aerospace along with graduate women's gathering runs this event to showcase the diverse RaTH0b50yD4-00229-00119968-00120352 experiences and the diverse number of people that are in aerospace and that's been a great RaTH0b50yD4-00230-00120352-00120864 event going on this month so julia let me turn it over to you and i'll let you give a few words RaTH0b50yD4-00231-00121056-00121520 all right thank you so much professor crossley um can you all hear and see me okay RaTH0b50yD4-00232-00121672-00122128 i can hear you and see you fine julia okay great thank you uh so like professor crossley RaTH0b50yD4-00233-00122128-00122600 said my name is julia kozlowski i'm a senior in aeronautical and astronautical engineering here RaTH0b50yD4-00234-00122600-00123192 at purdue with the specialization in propulsion i'm originally from los angeles california and i RaTH0b50yD4-00235-00123192-00123776 transferred to purdue my sophomore year i learned my freshman year that i really loved propulsion RaTH0b50yD4-00236-00123776-00124232 and working on different propulsion systems and so i learned about produce RaTH0b50yD4-00237-00124232-00124704 different opportunities in propulsion both in and outside the classroom so i decided to transfer RaTH0b50yD4-00238-00124768-00125232 and my first year at purdue as a sophomore definitely involved some catching up on the RaTH0b50yD4-00239-00125232-00125728 first year engineering classes because i couldn't unfortunately get out of all of them but i started RaTH0b50yD4-00240-00125728-00126192 taking my first aeronautical and astronautical engineering classes that year and i was soon RaTH0b50yD4-00241-00126192-00126776 able to settle and feel a lot more comfortable at purdue and since coming here i've been a part of a RaTH0b50yD4-00242-00126776-00127344 lot of different organizations and clubs i was on the purdue space program liquid rocket team RaTH0b50yD4-00243-00127344-00127935 i was an undergraduate research assistant at zucrow under dr slava and i've also had various RaTH0b50yD4-00244-00127935-00128480 leadership positions in different clubs so a lot of these leadership positions involved outreach RaTH0b50yD4-00245-00128480-00129072 which is one of my passions i was a purdue space day volunteer and also outreach officer RaTH0b50yD4-00246-00129072-00129704 for an organization called purdue mars here at purdue and both of these positions involved RaTH0b50yD4-00247-00129704-00130320 exposing young kids to aerospace engineering and stem early on and that's something that's RaTH0b50yD4-00248-00130320-00130888 important to me because one of my former bosses told me that you know by exposing young kids to RaTH0b50yD4-00249-00130888-00131360 stem and engineering early on they're going to be the next generation of scientists and engineers RaTH0b50yD4-00250-00131360-00131928 it's really important to do that um this year like professor crossley said i'm proud to be president RaTH0b50yD4-00251-00131928-00132576 of the purdue women aerospace organization women airspace focuses on combating the gender RaTH0b50yD4-00252-00132576-00133176 disparity in the aerospace field and we do this by providing all aerospace students at purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00253-00133176-00133816 with opportunities and events in education networking and professionalism and it's been RaTH0b50yD4-00254-00133816-00134424 tough uh this year because of covid 19 as most things have moved virtually and actually right now RaTH0b50yD4-00255-00134424-00135088 is the busiest time for women in airspace and for me personally um due to the amelia earhart summit RaTH0b50yD4-00256-00135088-00135608 so i am one of the heads of the amelia earhart summit planning committee usually the amelia RaTH0b50yD4-00257-00135608-00136304 earhart summit is an in-person weekend-long event um with panels keynote speakers workshops RaTH0b50yD4-00258-00136304-00136904 and different interactive events so this year it's completely virtual and it is going on right RaTH0b50yD4-00259-00136904-00137496 now and so far we've had a lot of speakers from a lot of different places like spacex RaTH0b50yD4-00260-00137496-00138104 nasa virgin orbit virgin galactic microsoft professor crossley is one of our speakers we've RaTH0b50yD4-00261-00138104-00138736 also had some from cu boulder and mit essentially all these different places you can name and so RaTH0b50yD4-00262-00138736-00139344 a lot of these events included like panels where we talked about what you can do with an aerospace RaTH0b50yD4-00263-00139344-00139824 engineering degree the different diverse paths you can take in the aerospace community we also had a RaTH0b50yD4-00264-00139824-00140328 panel on the underrepresented groups in aerospace and sort of talking about their experiences RaTH0b50yD4-00265-00140408-00140840 and so like i said the summit is going on right now it's a pretty busy time and it's been tough to RaTH0b50yD4-00266-00140840-00141408 plan especially virtually but overall it's been a really fulfilling and successful experience for me RaTH0b50yD4-00267-00141408-00142024 and women in aerospace um so i want to take some time to talk about my experiences at purdue um RaTH0b50yD4-00268-00142024-00142680 during the covid 19 pandemic so i remember a year ago i was talking with one of my friends in aae RaTH0b50yD4-00269-00142680-00143152 about the pandemic what's been going on and he said that he thought we were going to get RaTH0b50yD4-00270-00143152-00143752 sent home and i was telling him you know we're kind of brushing it off because at this point RaTH0b50yD4-00271-00143752-00144344 it wasn't so bad there weren't many cases and you know of course later that day we got the email RaTH0b50yD4-00272-00144344-00144840 from purdue saying that we were going to get sent home and not come back after spring break RaTH0b50yD4-00273-00144840-00145304 and my first thought was oh no i lost that bet with my friend and then my second thought RaTH0b50yD4-00274-00145304-00145816 was this is going to be interesting this is going to be completely different something RaTH0b50yD4-00275-00145816-00146360 none of us had ever really dealt with before so when i was first at purdue i was thinking RaTH0b50yD4-00276-00146360-00146840 about how you know i made a lot of friends who were into the same things that i was i RaTH0b50yD4-00277-00146840-00147376 was challenged and i learned a lot my classes and i was in a lot of extracurriculars and suddenly RaTH0b50yD4-00278-00147376-00147960 everything was different i went back and flew back to los angeles and finished my semester RaTH0b50yD4-00279-00147960-00148664 online my zucrow research was cut short and all my friends were back at their respective hometowns RaTH0b50yD4-00280-00148728-00149360 but even though this was a very challenging and kind of sad time i want to talk about how purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00281-00149360-00149968 handled it and and i thought that you know a lot of my professors a lot of the faculty honestly RaTH0b50yD4-00282-00149968-00150608 did a really good job with the transition to virtual and now with hybrid classes i could tell RaTH0b50yD4-00283-00150608-00151120 that our professors really cared about us and that they really cared about how we were doing RaTH0b50yD4-00284-00151184-00151560 emotionally and mentally not just you know making sure we were getting the material to RaTH0b50yD4-00285-00151616-00152080 to learn um but also that you know we were doing okay with everything that was going on RaTH0b50yD4-00286-00152160-00152664 so this year i haven't had a lot of in-person classes i actually prefer to have the virtual RaTH0b50yD4-00287-00152664-00153248 classes just do the pandemic but i did have friends who had a lot of in-person classes and RaTH0b50yD4-00288-00153248-00153880 i was also in one in-person lab and every single time i went or one of them went we never felt RaTH0b50yD4-00289-00153880-00154600 unsafe on campus purdue did a really good job of de-densifying making sure we were social distance RaTH0b50yD4-00290-00154600-00155032 making sure we were wearing mass and you know keeping those coved cases numbers low which was RaTH0b50yD4-00291-00155032-00155544 honestly impressive but most importantly purdue has put this really big emphasis RaTH0b50yD4-00292-00155544-00156112 on mental and emotional health during this time which i as a student really really appreciated RaTH0b50yD4-00293-00156200-00156720 um so i want to get into some of the career goals i have and how purdue has helped me RaTH0b50yD4-00294-00156720-00157296 to grow in my career and in my education so i really want to work on rocket propulsion i want RaTH0b50yD4-00295-00157296-00158048 to work on the analysis or test of rocket engines um some of the past internships i have um i was at RaTH0b50yD4-00296-00158048-00158616 nasa jet propulsion laboratory for two summers as a mission design systems engineering intern RaTH0b50yD4-00297-00158680-00159352 and i actually completed final projects on trade studies of different spacecraft propulsion systems RaTH0b50yD4-00298-00159424-00160064 last summer i was at northrop grumman in the space propulsion group and actually i'm still RaTH0b50yD4-00299-00160064-00160680 part-time intern for them right now and i'll plan to go back there next summer and after graduating RaTH0b50yD4-00300-00160680-00161208 with my bs in may in the fall i'm going to be going to spacex as an associate engineer for RaTH0b50yD4-00301-00161208-00161816 the semester before returning to purdue in the spring for my master's so i want to say that RaTH0b50yD4-00302-00161816-00162544 purdue has had a big part if not the biggest part in getting me where i am today and where i'm going RaTH0b50yD4-00303-00162544-00163032 i think transferring here was the best decision i could have ever made for myself and my career RaTH0b50yD4-00304-00163136-00163656 i've definitely taken advantage of unique opportunities at purdue i gained skills in RaTH0b50yD4-00305-00163656-00164280 testing and dealing with hardware and rotating detonation engines at zucrow under professor slava RaTH0b50yD4-00306-00164336-00164864 i went to the industrial roundtable career fair and met northrop grumman RaTH0b50yD4-00307-00164864-00165432 recruiters and got connected with my current bosses who are actually purdue alumni and so RaTH0b50yD4-00308-00165432-00165952 you know they knew that because i went to purdue i had a solid education i had relevant skills that RaTH0b50yD4-00309-00165952-00166328 were going to be useful to me in industry and i could really be a good asset to their team RaTH0b50yD4-00310-00166416-00166888 and i also took place or took part in a virtual career fair this year and that's how i connected RaTH0b50yD4-00311-00166888-00167568 to a spacex recruiter and how i got my job for the fall um so lastly i just want to end with this RaTH0b50yD4-00312-00167568-00168048 since i've gotten to purdue and especially with the covid 19 pandemic purdue and the school RaTH0b50yD4-00313-00168048-00168608 of aae has continued to show me that i made a really good decision in transferring here and RaTH0b50yD4-00314-00168608-00169112 because i go here i have a super bright future ahead of me thank you all for your attention RaTH0b50yD4-00315-00169560-00170088 great thanks julia thank you let me introduce next uh the other the other student we wanted to have RaTH0b50yD4-00316-00170088-00170640 you hear from today so this next is zach marshall also senior here at aeronautics and astronautics RaTH0b50yD4-00317-00170640-00171304 graduating in may especially specializing in our design and our dynamics control areas of emphasis RaTH0b50yD4-00318-00171360-00171696 and if i understand correctly zach's going to be heading to the boeing company after he graduates RaTH0b50yD4-00319-00171696-00172224 in may during the 2020 calendar year he was the president of the purdue student branch RaTH0b50yD4-00320-00172224-00172704 of the american institute of aeronautics and astronautics and most of us know that as aiaa it's RaTH0b50yD4-00321-00172704-00173168 our professional society for aerospace engineers and if i can brag a bit on zach's behalf i know RaTH0b50yD4-00322-00173168-00173576 you didn't put this in the bulletin zach but he's also one of our astronaut scholars and one of this RaTH0b50yD4-00323-00173576-00174000 year's purdue engineering fellows recipients with that zach let me turn it over to you RaTH0b50yD4-00324-00174208-00174800 thank you professor hello everyone my name is zach marshall i'm originally from oregon park illinois RaTH0b50yD4-00325-00174800-00175280 about 20 miles southwest of chicago i'm a senior undergraduate student and i'll be graduating in RaTH0b50yD4-00326-00175280-00175608 may with dual degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from the school RaTH0b50yD4-00327-00175608-00176064 of aeronautics and astronautics and aerospace financial analysis from the school of aviation RaTH0b50yD4-00328-00176064-00176600 and transportation technology within aerospace engineering my major area of specialization is RaTH0b50yD4-00329-00176600-00177112 aerospace systems design and my minor area of specialization is dynamic control focusing on the RaTH0b50yD4-00330-00177112-00177576 aeronautics domain throughout my nearly four years of purdue three of which i've spent at the school RaTH0b50yD4-00331-00177576-00178136 of aeronautics and astronautics my fellow students and i have been afforded with world-class academic RaTH0b50yD4-00332-00178136-00178552 and professional development opportunities it goes without saying that this past year greatly RaTH0b50yD4-00333-00178552-00179048 disrupted my lives as students changing the way that we live and eat in university residents and RaTH0b50yD4-00334-00179048-00179528 dining halls the way we receive instruction the way that we are assessed even the way that we RaTH0b50yD4-00335-00179528-00180080 communicate with professors and our classmates at about this time last year i found our sudden shift RaTH0b50yD4-00336-00180080-00180584 to online classes added a layer of difficulty to already difficult coursework at the very beginning RaTH0b50yD4-00337-00180584-00181040 had its fair share of technical difficulties logistical issues and simple inefficiencies RaTH0b50yD4-00338-00181040-00181576 in relaying physical concepts through virtual means i'm going from fully in-person lectures RaTH0b50yD4-00339-00181576-00182080 to asynchronous online lectures as well as moving off campus back home within the span of a couple RaTH0b50yD4-00340-00182080-00182712 weeks was a quite dramatic change and definitely necessitated alterations to my study habits but RaTH0b50yD4-00341-00182712-00183160 i believe professors and students alike worked to make the best out of the hand that we were dealt RaTH0b50yD4-00342-00183312-00183768 in the fall 2020 semester i took seven courses with three of those being fully online the RaTH0b50yD4-00343-00183768-00184328 remaining four being in person with an online option i can echo what julia said about never RaTH0b50yD4-00344-00184328-00184984 having any any concern about my safety um in any part of my experience on campus at purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00345-00185080-00185576 and then with the exception of all my courses this semester uh with you with the exception of my RaTH0b50yD4-00346-00185576-00186080 senior seminar course this semester all my courses have been in person with live stream lectures RaTH0b50yD4-00347-00186136-00186536 and i appreciate that flexibility that the pandemic situation has actually afforded us RaTH0b50yD4-00348-00186608-00187104 namely the available availability of vector recordings that i may routinely reference to clear RaTH0b50yD4-00349-00187104-00187744 my understanding of a specific topic i believe our learning has adapted very smoothly to our new RaTH0b50yD4-00350-00187744-00188280 reality and i believe our increasingly effective use of web conferencing platforms has made RaTH0b50yD4-00351-00188280-00188768 the virtual transition point of strength rather than one of weakness for our school the school RaTH0b50yD4-00352-00188768-00189224 of aeronautics and astronautics empowers our education by supporting experiential learning and RaTH0b50yD4-00353-00189224-00189696 aerospace student organizations and leading edge undergraduate aerospace research in addition to RaTH0b50yD4-00354-00189696-00190224 our traditional learning in a classroom setting i have personally been active in both undergraduate RaTH0b50yD4-00355-00190224-00190728 research and student organizations for the past few years i've worked in the advanced aviation RaTH0b50yD4-00356-00190728-00191216 analytics institute for research center of research excellence at the purdue airport RaTH0b50yD4-00357-00191216-00191920 under the guidance of dr john mott working on u.s. uas aerospace separation conflict projects and faa RaTH0b50yD4-00358-00191920-00192264 airport cooperative research program university design competition teams RaTH0b50yD4-00359-00192336-00192832 i started this undergraduate research journey through the discovery park undergraduate research RaTH0b50yD4-00360-00192832-00193280 internship program and i can say that the nature of the projects i was assigned to and the great RaTH0b50yD4-00361-00193280-00193784 guidance of my research mentor have allowed me to explore and discover my passions within aerospace RaTH0b50yD4-00362-00193848-00194224 and they have absolutely been integral to my academic success RaTH0b50yD4-00363-00194224-00194752 in this program since another highlight of my time at peru has been serving two terms on the RaTH0b50yD4-00364-00194752-00195136 executive board of the purdue student branch of the american institute of aeronautics and RaTH0b50yD4-00365-00195136-00195608 astronautics first as treasurer and then as president for the 2020 calendar year RaTH0b50yD4-00366-00195664-00196128 joining and eventually leading purdue aiaa which is one of the largest aerospace student groups on RaTH0b50yD4-00367-00196128-00196608 campus and in the country by membership it was a truly transformative experience in terms of RaTH0b50yD4-00368-00196672-00197208 allowing for hands-on application concepts that we learn every day in lecture hall and despite RaTH0b50yD4-00369-00197208-00197728 our sudden transition to a virtual setting last year i'm proud that purdue aiaa exhibited a record RaTH0b50yD4-00370-00197728-00198352 growth of 45 year-over-year in membership revenue during the fall 2020 semester and has continued to RaTH0b50yD4-00371-00198352-00198896 support various design teams these design teams include a vertical flight systems team operating RaTH0b50yD4-00372-00198896-00199480 in the electric vertical takeoff and landing evtol space and a hybrid rocket team established in 2018 RaTH0b50yD4-00373-00199552-00199984 in partnership with another student organization purdue space program that's my knowledge has since RaTH0b50yD4-00374-00199984-00200432 made purdue the only school in the country with concurrent student-led liquid hybrid and southern RaTH0b50yD4-00375-00200432-00200984 field rocket teams also during my time at purdue a double a i had the pleasure of participating in RaTH0b50yD4-00376-00200984-00201512 youth outreach events such as bridge space day and purdue aviation day to inspire future generations RaTH0b50yD4-00377-00201512-00202056 of aerospace engineers and then with local national support from aiaa the pre-chapter RaTH0b50yD4-00378-00202056-00202520 also had the great honor of hosting guest speakers ranging from nasa astronauts to air force generals RaTH0b50yD4-00379-00202576-00203064 who are part of their wisdom on a membership basis and then we also host dozens of diverse RaTH0b50yD4-00380-00203064-00203688 aerospace companies who all recruit from our ranks outside of purdue a double a i'm also an active RaTH0b50yD4-00381-00203688-00204168 member of the producing sigma gamma tau national aerospace engineering honor society chapter as RaTH0b50yD4-00382-00204168-00204672 well as our pre-mortarboard through phi beta kappa and national scholarship foundation honor society RaTH0b50yD4-00383-00204752-00205232 the school of aeronautics and astronautics gives us a deep yet holistic understanding of aerospace RaTH0b50yD4-00384-00205232-00205719 concepts i believe that really positions us well to contribute in industry internships RaTH0b50yD4-00385-00205719-00206144 i've completed internship and mentorship programs in a variety of roles at republic RaTH0b50yD4-00386-00206144-00206696 airways and american airlines and i'm currently a part-time virtual student federal service e-intern RaTH0b50yD4-00387-00206696-00207264 within nasa's aeronautics research mission directorate these experiences in industry have RaTH0b50yD4-00388-00207264-00207792 greatly complemented and directly enhanced the knowledge that i glean from coursework RaTH0b50yD4-00389-00207792-00208328 and such internships and co-ops are heavily encouraged and enabled by aae staff and faculty RaTH0b50yD4-00390-00208408-00208896 upon graduation in may i am extremely thrilled to be joining the boeing company specifically within RaTH0b50yD4-00391-00208896-00209480 building defense space and security as a systems engineer based in st louis missouri especially RaTH0b50yD4-00392-00209480-00209888 in these challenging times i'm very grateful for the great online and in-person instruction from RaTH0b50yD4-00393-00209888-00210440 our wonderful aae professors as well as for the many fantastic opportunities that the school of RaTH0b50yD4-00394-00210440-00211104 aeronautics and astronautics continues to offer us as we reach this modern golden era of human space RaTH0b50yD4-00395-00211104-00211567 bike and rapidly approach impactful new frontiers and hypersonics and advanced air mobility RaTH0b50yD4-00396-00211567-00212080 among others it's an incredibly exciting time to be studying aerospace and i can't imagine a RaTH0b50yD4-00397-00212080-00212984 greater place to do so than right here at purdue school of aeronautics and astronautics thank you RaTH0b50yD4-00398-00213080-00213544 great thanks zach so julia maybe you can turn your camera back on i think the idea is we'll RaTH0b50yD4-00399-00213544-00213984 kind of try to address questions like i kind of we will address questions kind of like we're a panel RaTH0b50yD4-00400-00214080-00214448 and to help facilitate that stacy clardie is going to help us read some of those i RaTH0b50yD4-00401-00214448-00214840 see them popping up in the q a so stacy if you want to maybe we should manage the RaTH0b50yD4-00402-00214840-00215192 q a first since it's our live participants we can try to answer those and then we can RaTH0b50yD4-00403-00215192-00215784 answer some of the questions that were provided beforehand if we have time sure that sounds good RaTH0b50yD4-00404-00216048-00216216 i'm just kind of scrolling through RaTH0b50yD4-00405-00216816-00217384 okay so um one of our alums mark sleppy asked how are you planning to update the curriculum RaTH0b50yD4-00406-00217496-00217984 to allow aae students to start out strong in their careers in this new paradigm of the pie shape RaTH0b50yD4-00407-00217984-00218528 engineer and he describes the pie shape engineer bill if you need that i'm assuming this question RaTH0b50yD4-00408-00218528-00219056 is directed to you for curriculum yeah and i know mark so i think i know what he's talking about RaTH0b50yD4-00409-00219056-00219576 so you know we used to talk the industry and and academia often talked the industry really RaTH0b50yD4-00410-00219576-00220152 liked t-shaped engineers so especially aerospace engineers so you have a pretty good awareness RaTH0b50yD4-00411-00220152-00220696 of everything that goes on in an aerospace vehicle which is why we make our students RaTH0b50yD4-00412-00220696-00221096 who say oh i'm a structures person but we make them take aerodynamics and we make them take RaTH0b50yD4-00413-00221096-00221552 propulsion we make them take anyways control so they've got that and then we've had them RaTH0b50yD4-00414-00221552-00222216 concentrate in something so that's like the leg of the t so i i think maybe i can find out myself RaTH0b50yD4-00415-00222216-00222848 here but i think mark's referring to big data as the other leg and it makes it like a capital pi RaTH0b50yD4-00416-00223064-00223719 so how do we how do we handle like you know big data machine learning artificial intelligence RaTH0b50yD4-00417-00223719-00224264 all these things come up frequently so right now at purdue we've got some quote requirements for RaTH0b50yD4-00418-00224264-00224848 having data science in our curriculum and so it shows up in a small amount in a few of our classes RaTH0b50yD4-00419-00224952-00225567 and the challenge to mark and everybody else listening is how do we add that without removing RaTH0b50yD4-00420-00225567-00225919 something that we think is important so we're wrestling with that a little bit RaTH0b50yD4-00421-00226008-00226400 but i would like to be able to do now the details is always where the tricky part RaTH0b50yD4-00422-00226400-00226984 is but i think there's many topics like this where we should have smaller chunks of classes RaTH0b50yD4-00423-00227104-00227504 so if we can figure out how to do one credit modules that might make it easier RaTH0b50yD4-00424-00227504-00228088 do all students need like say nine credits of dynamics control maybe they only need RaTH0b50yD4-00425-00228088-00228576 seven or maybe they only need five but right now we're so built on the three credit model it's RaTH0b50yD4-00426-00228576-00228888 hard to take out something without feeling you're getting rid of all three credits RaTH0b50yD4-00427-00229016-00229488 so i'm not sure if i've answered mark's question directly but i think we've been trying to inject RaTH0b50yD4-00428-00229488-00230008 it in some of our existing courses particularly in what we call aae 301 the singles and systems class RaTH0b50yD4-00429-00230008-00230496 has some data analytics content and we could probably have a couple of modules that people RaTH0b50yD4-00430-00230496-00230976 could add on so they could do that and as we have these modules we might might be able to take some RaTH0b50yD4-00431-00230976-00231464 of our traditional courses and a student could get one or two credits out of that RaTH0b50yD4-00432-00231464-00231816 tricky part is making sure we can pull that off and also not getting rid of the RaTH0b50yD4-00433-00231816-00232264 fundamentals but that's our current thinking point as i mentioned during my presentation one of the RaTH0b50yD4-00434-00232264-00232767 challenges is the best way to do that is to pilot it with a couple students in an experimental class RaTH0b50yD4-00435-00232840-00233152 but at the moment we don't quite have the bandwidth to have a faculty member RaTH0b50yD4-00436-00233152-00233671 go off and do an experimental class with a small number of students that's a bit of a challenge RaTH0b50yD4-00437-00233792-00234144 so hopefully i caught that mark and thanks for joining us tonight mark by the way RaTH0b50yD4-00438-00234208-00234840 good to hear from you quite a few quite a few of the questions we got in advance um RaTH0b50yD4-00439-00234944-00235367 and we have some parents joining us tonight as well as alumni uh were about internship RaTH0b50yD4-00440-00235367-00235864 opportunities and and co-op opportunities and then beyond that job opportunities RaTH0b50yD4-00441-00235864-00236336 once our students graduate so let's just start with the internships here and and zach and julia RaTH0b50yD4-00442-00236336-00236823 you spoke to some amazing opportunities you've had in terms of internships and co-ops and those RaTH0b50yD4-00443-00236823-00237208 kind of things since you've been here how can you just maybe tell the folks how did you go RaTH0b50yD4-00444-00237208-00237744 about that what was that process like for you and maybe just offer some some tips for some RaTH0b50yD4-00445-00237744-00238184 of the parents listening tonight and what they can maybe talk to their their sons and daughters about RaTH0b50yD4-00446-00238400-00239080 yeah i can speak to some of that um i have definitely been in a position where you know RaTH0b50yD4-00447-00239080-00240000 i'm applying to 20 30 applications for internships one summer and you know not hearing anything back RaTH0b50yD4-00448-00240000-00240600 for a few months and you know getting disheartened and just having a ton of applications out there RaTH0b50yD4-00449-00240664-00241456 and some advice that i probably have is number one um i i'm one to like compare myself to other RaTH0b50yD4-00450-00241456-00241928 people and you know i've kind of learned to get over that a little bit but it can be hard you RaTH0b50yD4-00451-00241928-00242344 know when you see all of your friends getting internships and then you don't and you feel RaTH0b50yD4-00452-00242344-00242856 like you need one you know even like a freshman or sophomore when i had friends getting internships RaTH0b50yD4-00453-00242856-00243352 and you absolutely don't need an internship your summer of freshman year or sophomore year RaTH0b50yD4-00454-00243352-00243767 um but you feel like you need to when you have all these people around you getting them um RaTH0b50yD4-00455-00243767-00244176 honestly the best advice i can give is just to keep trying keep applying you're going to RaTH0b50yD4-00456-00244176-00244823 be sending 30 40 maybe even 50 applications one summer just to you know get noticed because it's RaTH0b50yD4-00457-00244823-00245432 it's very competitive um and that's something that i really had to sort of experience firsthand RaTH0b50yD4-00458-00245432-00245792 you know and i was like well i'm good you know i have good grades and i do all this stuff and you RaTH0b50yD4-00459-00245792-00246312 you'd think you know that would be enough but you know ae is very very competitive and that's just RaTH0b50yD4-00460-00246312-00246896 something that i had to you know kind of learn the hard way um another piece of advice is even RaTH0b50yD4-00461-00246896-00247423 the smallest little connections you may think that you know your kids don't have or current RaTH0b50yD4-00462-00247423-00248000 students don't have use them anyway because i i was lucky enough to get an internship really RaTH0b50yD4-00463-00248000-00248536 early on in my college career at nasa jpl and i totally did that by the smallest connection RaTH0b50yD4-00464-00248536-00248944 i thought i didn't have and i just thought it was a long shot but i went for it anyway RaTH0b50yD4-00465-00248944-00249400 and it ended up you know changing everything so even the smallest connections you think RaTH0b50yD4-00466-00249400-00249928 you don't have you really do and and they can make a really big difference um i hope that provides RaTH0b50yD4-00467-00249928-00250376 some perspective at least for me personally but zach go ahead if you have anything else to add RaTH0b50yD4-00468-00250488-00251119 well yes i totally agree with the volume part of that so casting a very wide net for internship RaTH0b50yD4-00469-00251119-00251632 applications especially is important from my experiences i would also say that when you submit RaTH0b50yD4-00470-00251728-00252232 either a portfolio or a cover letter and a resume to that prospective import employer RaTH0b50yD4-00471-00252232-00252840 tailor it specifically not just to the um the company but also to the posting the job requisite RaTH0b50yD4-00472-00252896-00253456 um there are a lot has been said about uh perhaps automated screening technologies that go through RaTH0b50yD4-00473-00253512-00254056 resumes themselves but ultimately i do believe that many of them banned in the hands of a human RaTH0b50yD4-00474-00254056-00254871 either a recruiter or a hiring manager themselves and including as many technical aspects of your RaTH0b50yD4-00475-00254871-00255416 history and relaying that in a brief um yet impactful manner is very important um i would say RaTH0b50yD4-00476-00255416-00256096 another cornerstone of of applying to internships and just getting into contact with recruiters is RaTH0b50yD4-00477-00256096-00256848 attending career fairs purdue is fantastic about those career fairs uh our larger our industrial RaTH0b50yD4-00478-00256848-00257288 roundtable is one of the largest student-run career fairs in the country then we have a few RaTH0b50yD4-00479-00257288-00257880 others throughout the spring semester as well and also student organizations um many of those RaTH0b50yD4-00480-00257880-00258560 have nights where we we host a company to come in and talk to our members and then again as julia RaTH0b50yD4-00481-00258560-00259256 said connections in any form that you can muster you'd be surprised how far they they can take you RaTH0b50yD4-00482-00259832-00260176 we actually had a question i don't know if you wanted me to add or RaTH0b50yD4-00483-00260176-00260519 if you were directing that toward the students too i mean some of the i RaTH0b50yD4-00484-00260519-00260888 mentioned really quickly is we do have contacts in industry who are willing to help RaTH0b50yD4-00485-00260944-00261488 provide advice and inputs about how to write your resume to get those jobs um we have a pretty RaTH0b50yD4-00486-00261488-00261840 strong mentoring program with our industrial advisory council and some of outstanding RaTH0b50yD4-00487-00261840-00262360 aerospace engineers can also help with that one of the challenges with a large student enrollment RaTH0b50yD4-00488-00262440-00262976 is that a faculty member like me can't just the physical time doesn't exist for me to sit down RaTH0b50yD4-00489-00262976-00263568 and spend half hour with every single student to provide that kind of help so that's kind of RaTH0b50yD4-00490-00263568-00264016 a challenge but we have ways to help students do to get that input through other mechanisms RaTH0b50yD4-00491-00264480-00264880 zach mentioned the career and career fairs and we had just gotten a question RaTH0b50yD4-00492-00264880-00265192 in advance so i just wanted to answer this really quickly asking whether the RaTH0b50yD4-00493-00265192-00265760 aerospace career expo would be rescheduled for later this semester and i reached out to aae RaTH0b50yD4-00494-00265848-00266432 sac and they said that it will not happen this semester but they're hoping that they RaTH0b50yD4-00495-00266432-00266912 can get some more companies to sign up in the fall and right now the date is early september RaTH0b50yD4-00496-00266912-00267320 for that that could change but that right now is kind of the general time frame okay RaTH0b50yD4-00497-00267448-00268112 moving on just figured i would answer that because it connected to something that we talked about um RaTH0b50yD4-00498-00268192-00268504 sorry i'm bouncing between the list i have in front of me and then and this RaTH0b50yD4-00499-00268504-00268928 uh in here as well bill i don't know if you can answer this what do we know what percentage of RaTH0b50yD4-00500-00268928-00269464 students receive internships as undergraduate graduates no we don't really because the students RaTH0b50yD4-00501-00269464-00269888 have to report that to us so some students tell us that but i don't think we have enough data to have RaTH0b50yD4-00502-00269888-00270664 a definitive answer for that unfortunately um but but you know anecdotally a lot of the students get RaTH0b50yD4-00503-00270664-00271088 internships but i don't know what the percentage is because because the reporting is so low RaTH0b50yD4-00504-00271360-00271784 so that's that's unfortunate i can't answer that one directly RaTH0b50yD4-00505-00271952-00272696 so there was another question uh for zach and julia about covid let me scroll here RaTH0b50yD4-00506-00272816-00273184 just how how is your remote and you spoke to this a little bit but RaTH0b50yD4-00507-00273256-00273672 how has learning by remote impacted your experience especially the ability to interact RaTH0b50yD4-00508-00273672-00274232 with your peers and get hands-on experience in labs zach do you want to start with that one RaTH0b50yD4-00509-00274392-00275048 yeah sure so um i'd like to think that the the core benefit of um transitioning to virtual RaTH0b50yD4-00510-00275048-00275576 format to remote learning is that uh we can connect with more people and we can gain a RaTH0b50yD4-00511-00275576-00276104 broader and more global perspective uh on the work that we are doing and the concepts that we are RaTH0b50yD4-00512-00276104-00276600 studying it allows for a bit more flexibility in workload distribution and self-pacing RaTH0b50yD4-00513-00276600-00277208 uh along with that self-pacing however comes self-discipline um i think in a virtual format RaTH0b50yD4-00514-00277208-00277720 as well we have improved collaboration and communication i know that sometimes the day at RaTH0b50yD4-00515-00277720-00278360 night if i were working on a group project a year ago i would have to schedule time to meet up with RaTH0b50yD4-00516-00278360-00278912 my group members in person and right now i can send them a very quick webex link and and iron out RaTH0b50yD4-00517-00278912-00279528 our issues um within minutes rather than walking to armstrong or doing something like that i'd also RaTH0b50yD4-00518-00279528-00280032 say that accessibility um has been improved within comfort and convenience of the way that we receive RaTH0b50yD4-00519-00280088-00280464 uh all of our education and then also individualized attention RaTH0b50yD4-00520-00280568-00281128 i think in the past some students may have been intimidated to attend office hours based on just RaTH0b50yD4-00521-00281128-00281632 the one-on-one dynamic with a professor but i've seen that through through the web more students RaTH0b50yD4-00522-00281632-00282192 have at least anecdotally have have been attending office hours uh and i think that's that's really RaTH0b50yD4-00523-00282192-00282840 a great thing uh there are some issues with with virtual trans virtual learning as well you RaTH0b50yD4-00524-00282840-00283296 could argue that there's a bit of a best personal connection um i think hybrid classes kind of take RaTH0b50yD4-00525-00283296-00283864 care of that and make it a bit more efficient and stable uh and then some subjects just can't be as RaTH0b50yD4-00526-00283864-00284512 rather readily conveyed in virtual format as they could be in a hands-on lab setting but there are RaTH0b50yD4-00527-00284512-00285080 numerous tools to to get around that and then also as we mentioned before crew has taken a ton of RaTH0b50yD4-00528-00285080-00285584 safety precautions and and making sure that all of our students who are attending uh in person RaTH0b50yD4-00529-00285584-00286392 to have sections uh have all the social distancing and face mask and protective control measures to RaTH0b50yD4-00530-00286392-00287184 ensure that there is no viral transmission and hopefully that will return in the near future RaTH0b50yD4-00531-00287608-00288208 um i can give some other thoughts on this uh kind of going back to what zach said i feel like it has RaTH0b50yD4-00532-00288208-00289064 been easier for me to for example like send emails to professors and i'm not saying in the past i was RaTH0b50yD4-00533-00289064-00289648 scared of it or anything but i feel like it's it's become more normal to like send emails so i'm not RaTH0b50yD4-00534-00289648-00290064 really afraid to just like you know i need help on something i'm just going to email them right away RaTH0b50yD4-00535-00290064-00290568 and and because people are usually on a computer a lot nowadays i usually get an answer pretty fast RaTH0b50yD4-00536-00290568-00291104 so there's a benefit in that and you don't end up with that fear of going to office hours and like RaTH0b50yD4-00537-00291104-00291640 being the only one there sort of thing something i can see can be difficult especially for younger RaTH0b50yD4-00538-00291640-00292032 students who maybe haven't been to school very long is finding people it's like do homework RaTH0b50yD4-00539-00292032-00292592 with or you know getting to know their classmates because maybe they're not going in person they're RaTH0b50yD4-00540-00292592-00293080 not meeting people they can't meet with them you know at walk or somewhere and do homework RaTH0b50yD4-00541-00293136-00293488 because that's how i got through a lot of my classes by doing homework together so a RaTH0b50yD4-00542-00293488-00294048 benefit for me has been you know i still have zoom calls with like my friends to do homework together RaTH0b50yD4-00543-00294112-00294648 but something that i know organizations like women airspace are trying to do is have these virtual RaTH0b50yD4-00544-00294648-00295232 social nights so that even though they're virtual you know freshmen sophomores people who are new RaTH0b50yD4-00545-00295232-00295752 to the major the school can still come and to get to know each other and find people in their RaTH0b50yD4-00546-00295752-00296368 classes and do their homework together you know via zoom because i can see how not having those RaTH0b50yD4-00547-00296368-00296872 in-person interactions all the time in classes can really you know then you're stuck kind of RaTH0b50yD4-00548-00296872-00297352 doing your homework by yourself um and in some classes i really just can't imagine doing it RaTH0b50yD4-00549-00297352-00298032 completely by yourself um but yeah it's it both houses benefits and and its disadvantages RaTH0b50yD4-00550-00298032-00298560 like zach pointed out um but i think most people now are probably pretty used to it RaTH0b50yD4-00551-00298560-00299088 but like professor costly said kind of hoping that next fall i won't be here but by the RaTH0b50yD4-00552-00299088-00299784 spring and then next year for everyone else um it'll kind of go back to normal RaTH0b50yD4-00553-00300232-00300552 bill let's shift this one to you and we've gotten quite a few questions RaTH0b50yD4-00554-00300552-00301112 again previously and i think coming in through the chat in the q a just about kind of the employment RaTH0b50yD4-00555-00301112-00301624 environment for students who are graduating from us can can you just maybe shed some insight into RaTH0b50yD4-00556-00301624-00302088 that what does that look like and sure yeah from what i've heard yeah we have again i rely on our RaTH0b50yD4-00557-00302088-00302488 industrial advisory council to help with this um we did a panel actually with several industrial RaTH0b50yD4-00558-00302488-00303120 advisory council members not too long ago um where they they talked about the job environment so i RaTH0b50yD4-00559-00303120-00303664 think locally there's some interesting challenges from covid right you know business has been RaTH0b50yD4-00560-00303664-00304232 knocked off off center trying to figure out how to do things including hiring and things remotely RaTH0b50yD4-00561-00304232-00304776 so i think there was a little bit of a lull but the aerospace industry broadly has a as an age RaTH0b50yD4-00562-00304776-00305496 issue and has for a while the average age of most aerospace companies and organizations is close to RaTH0b50yD4-00563-00305496-00305928 50 if not higher than 50 in some places so there's a great need for aerospace engineers going forward RaTH0b50yD4-00564-00306040-00306552 we've talked a lot of the sort of new what we call new entrants so on the space side that's RaTH0b50yD4-00565-00306552-00307352 the virgins the you know the origin spacex in fact it feels like spacex is just like a a purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00566-00307352-00307904 alumni association out in in southern california julia's laughing because she spent some time there RaTH0b50yD4-00567-00307904-00308304 um so we've got good ties with those companies and sending people there the traditionals i know RaTH0b50yD4-00568-00308304-00308672 boeing commercials got some struggles right now because the commercial industries had its issues RaTH0b50yD4-00569-00308728-00309176 and boeing's had its own issues but i think that will come back travel when richard aboulafia RaTH0b50yD4-00570-00309176-00309744 talked to us as one of our 75th anniversary talks he's a pretty well respected aviation analyst RaTH0b50yD4-00571-00309816-00310256 says that basically it's just on a medicated coma right now and once we get the ability to travel RaTH0b50yD4-00572-00310256-00310800 and vaccines are out and people start traveling once one business person starts traveling their RaTH0b50yD4-00573-00310800-00311224 competitors are going to start traveling he needs to come back that's a long answer to say i think RaTH0b50yD4-00574-00311224-00311816 it looks pretty rosy right now again the number of students getting jobs is all self-reported and RaTH0b50yD4-00575-00311816-00312392 so we only know that the students report to us if they got a job so i can't give you good numbers on RaTH0b50yD4-00576-00312392-00312968 exact percentage of how many people are actually getting jobs but i haven't as head i haven't heard RaTH0b50yD4-00577-00313032-00313624 any more complaints during covid than i did pre-covered about not getting jobs there's RaTH0b50yD4-00578-00313624-00314024 always some students who struggle to get jobs for all kinds of reasons they they're very picky about RaTH0b50yD4-00579-00314024-00314528 the job that they want and it's not available or something like that but i haven't heard any RaTH0b50yD4-00580-00314528-00315008 more complaints so i think that the job outlook looks pretty rosy and true also on the aerospace RaTH0b50yD4-00581-00315008-00315472 side we have a couple of alums that companies looking at urban air mobility which has got RaTH0b50yD4-00582-00315472-00315832 a lot of challenges but a lot of promise since there's a lot of money in that right now and we RaTH0b50yD4-00583-00315832-00316584 send a lot of our students off to companies like that too so i think overall it's pretty promising RaTH0b50yD4-00584-00316840-00317120 it's great to hear for everyone on the call i think uh RaTH0b50yD4-00585-00317208-00317632 let's let's shift back to julia and zach there's a specific question for both of you RaTH0b50yD4-00586-00317632-00318056 from kevin metrocavage one of our alums who works at nasa and he says RaTH0b50yD4-00587-00318056-00318584 he speaks with prospective aae students regularly and provides advice from his alumni and industry RaTH0b50yD4-00588-00318584-00319128 perspective but what kind of advice would you as current students provide to prospective students RaTH0b50yD4-00589-00319128-00319816 to best prepare them for their academic career in aae or in engineering in general RaTH0b50yD4-00590-00320256-00320848 julia go yeah i was like i can start on this so probably RaTH0b50yD4-00591-00320904-00321544 like the biggest pieces of advice um that i have for any prospective students are RaTH0b50yD4-00592-00321544-00321904 um at least some things that i've experienced i kind of mentioned this before RaTH0b50yD4-00593-00321904-00322488 i tend to compare myself a lot to other people people maybe who you know will grasp concepts RaTH0b50yD4-00594-00322488-00323096 sooner than i do maybe get jobs that i want things like that um really you're you know you're on your RaTH0b50yD4-00595-00323096-00323576 own timeline you're on your own chapter of your own book so you know really just just take your RaTH0b50yD4-00596-00323576-00324120 time with it and don't rush yourself because you know you're not everybody else so it's it's not RaTH0b50yD4-00597-00324120-00324424 you know you're not meant to compare yourself to other people because you're just you're not the RaTH0b50yD4-00598-00324424-00325304 same people um and something else is that ae is really tough and you know the people who make it RaTH0b50yD4-00599-00325416-00325880 in ae are not the people who succeed every single time they're not the people who get an a on every RaTH0b50yD4-00600-00325880-00326280 test they're not the people who you know get every single job they ever apply for they're not the RaTH0b50yD4-00601-00326280-00326840 people who never get rejected they're the people who you know fail get rejected and keep going RaTH0b50yD4-00602-00326840-00327376 because frankly i've ran into a lot of my own you know people i know people that i i'm friends with RaTH0b50yD4-00603-00327376-00327936 that you know and even i've done this before too i will fail or i'll you know get rejected from RaTH0b50yD4-00604-00327936-00328304 something or you know something will happen to me and it'll make me feel like i want to quit i'll be RaTH0b50yD4-00605-00328304-00328896 like i just want to quit i'm just not good enough you know and it's really you know it's really not RaTH0b50yD4-00606-00328896-00329312 that i should be succeeding at everything um i know i'm going back to spacex but elon musk RaTH0b50yD4-00607-00329312-00329816 said that you know you learn more from failures and differences some from successes and um he's RaTH0b50yD4-00608-00329816-00330560 crazy but he's right about that and um you know it it really is more about you failing and just RaTH0b50yD4-00609-00330560-00331040 learning from it and and keep moving on it's not really just about succeeding at everything RaTH0b50yD4-00610-00331040-00331504 because then you'll you'll never learn um so that's probably the best piece of advice i have RaTH0b50yD4-00611-00331784-00332232 yes to take on to that i would say that you you need to remember that failure is an event right RaTH0b50yD4-00612-00332232-00332784 not a person we all have our our difficulties along the way but it's it's how we bounce RaTH0b50yD4-00613-00332784-00333312 back from those and and compose ourselves when things aren't going right that will define how RaTH0b50yD4-00614-00333312-00333992 we perform in the future as terms of in terms of traditional academic success i would say that uh RaTH0b50yD4-00615-00333992-00334600 just doing what the professor usually tells you to do in the syllabus and in the first few uh course RaTH0b50yD4-00616-00334600-00335128 sessions is paramount so that includes for me just reading a textbook or sections of the textbook RaTH0b50yD4-00617-00335128-00335608 that i deem pertinent to whatever i'm studying attending office hours not being intimidated by RaTH0b50yD4-00618-00335704-00336320 the any dynamics there starting homework projects exams studying well before due dates and and just RaTH0b50yD4-00619-00336320-00336920 off of any my education with extracurricular experiences i know this very rich offering over RaTH0b50yD4-00620-00336920-00337480 a thousand student organizations uh both academic and social and supplementing whatever you're RaTH0b50yD4-00621-00337480-00338088 learning in class with the hands-on application of those concepts is really just important for RaTH0b50yD4-00622-00338088-00338776 uh academic development in in a holistic sense and then time management and dedication has been RaTH0b50yD4-00623-00338888-00339456 increasingly important during our virtual work from home um period here so establishing personal RaTH0b50yD4-00624-00339456-00339968 standards for work submission and and holding yourself to it is very important uh something that RaTH0b50yD4-00625-00339968-00340544 i try to do in everything that i do uh sometimes that does necessitate putting putting in long RaTH0b50yD4-00626-00340544-00341184 hours um but also remember to be as efficient and effective with your time um work smart in addition RaTH0b50yD4-00627-00341184-00341680 to working hard and then having self-control to set internal deadlines for assignments into RaTH0b50yD4-00628-00341680-00342280 the run those but also recognizing that your work style needs to be tailored to your personality and RaTH0b50yD4-00629-00342280-00342880 situation um and then we all need well-placed breaks and and other activities to increase RaTH0b50yD4-00630-00342880-00343592 uh the marginal utility we get out of our time so there's no one size uh suits all solution for RaTH0b50yD4-00631-00343680-00344232 uh for for academic success um but i'd say that uh just heeding the advice of RaTH0b50yD4-00632-00344232-00344832 professors the beginning of courses and not being deterred easily uh will take you quite far RaTH0b50yD4-00633-00345256-00345536 and don't be able to ask us for help we're not all that scary it might RaTH0b50yD4-00634-00345536-00345984 seem scary but i don't think we're really all that scary i hope i'm not that scary RaTH0b50yD4-00635-00346416-00346704 let's get to a couple research kind of base questions bill before RaTH0b50yD4-00636-00346704-00347088 before we have to wrap up here they were they were provided in advance just some updates so RaTH0b50yD4-00637-00347168-00347648 uh someone asked what is happening essentially what's what's happening with the the saab plant RaTH0b50yD4-00638-00347648-00348120 um with the new boeing air force trainer airplane do you have an update on that RaTH0b50yD4-00639-00348120-00348512 well so they're they're working on busy building the physical plant it's going to build parts of RaTH0b50yD4-00640-00348512-00349048 the fuselage and i as i understand they'll go on like trucks or trains out to st louis for RaTH0b50yD4-00641-00349048-00349560 for final assembly as the plan at the moment um and it's going to bring hopefully to bring RaTH0b50yD4-00642-00349560-00349864 some engineering jobs here but it's going to bring a lot of manufacturing i mean high skill RaTH0b50yD4-00643-00349864-00350384 manufacturing jobs but a lot of manufacturing jobs initially and saab's also been talking with purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00644-00350384-00350952 about other research activities right now they're kind of emphasizing emphasizing in the radar and RaTH0b50yD4-00645-00350952-00351416 secure communications things so aeronautics and astronautics doesn't have quite as big a role as RaTH0b50yD4-00646-00351416-00351984 electrical computer but we're hoping for other interactions with saab going forward so maybe RaTH0b50yD4-00647-00351984-00352320 a long answer they're putting the plan up right now and we'll start building shortly RaTH0b50yD4-00648-00352552-00353240 any in-space robotics research work at purdue now that you know of so it depends a little bit on on RaTH0b50yD4-00649-00353408-00353824 how you classify in space robotics but we do have faculty that are working on all kinds of different RaTH0b50yD4-00650-00353824-00354408 things you know for autonomy for spacecraft in flight one of our relatively new faculty members RaTH0b50yD4-00651-00354408-00355008 rain day she's been doing work uh it includes uh solar powered rovers for use on the moon part of RaTH0b50yD4-00652-00355008-00355576 a nasa study um i don't know that we have anybody working say like on the arm for the space station RaTH0b50yD4-00653-00355576-00356096 i don't know we have that level of detail but there are space robotics things writ large RaTH0b50yD4-00654-00356096-00356488 going on in purdue rendezvous and that sort of work is going on here at purdue RaTH0b50yD4-00655-00356728-00357584 one more though we got in advance of directly for you bill i'm pulling up my sheet here do you have RaTH0b50yD4-00656-00357584-00358120 what are your thoughts on the pace of innovation in aerospace technology is it fast enough what's RaTH0b50yD4-00657-00358120-00358784 the next giant leap so to speak and what can we do to boost it oh man so it depends on where you're RaTH0b50yD4-00658-00358784-00359152 sitting how you might view that but i think it's incredibly fast i think things are going RaTH0b50yD4-00659-00359152-00359976 really quick and sometimes it's hard to keep up with it um you know well like i i do some work RaTH0b50yD4-00660-00359976-00360360 related to urban air mobility and it's got a lot of challenges and one of the issues there is how RaTH0b50yD4-00661-00360360-00360720 are we going to certify those vehicles i know the fa is working hard with a lot of the companies RaTH0b50yD4-00662-00360720-00361160 to figure out how to do that but that's that's an example where i think the technology has outpaced RaTH0b50yD4-00663-00361336-00361792 some of our ability to get things going forward i think autonomy writ large is going to have a RaTH0b50yD4-00664-00361792-00362408 big big impact on the aerospace industry um you know if we make airplanes easier to fly RaTH0b50yD4-00665-00362408-00362968 maybe general aviation becomes a more traditional approach to to transportation over in a regional RaTH0b50yD4-00666-00362968-00363392 sense urban air mobility's got some big potential again i don't want to make it overly real RaTH0b50yD4-00667-00363456-00363800 i'm optimistic because i'm an aerospace engineer and i like aircraft and i think it's a neat idea RaTH0b50yD4-00668-00363800-00364352 but it's got some challenges but autonomy will make that possible autonomy might also make larger RaTH0b50yD4-00669-00364352-00364744 aircraft possible it'll be important for defense so that's that's a big one we're working on RaTH0b50yD4-00670-00364856-00365280 hypersonics is really big here at purdue that's important for national defense it's also important RaTH0b50yD4-00671-00365280-00365824 for access to space and re-entry to the earth but also entry into planetary atmospheres RaTH0b50yD4-00672-00365912-00366160 that's that's one where there's a lot of things we still need to learn RaTH0b50yD4-00673-00366304-00366904 um we got to do something about sustainable aviation so i'm interested in how we really RaTH0b50yD4-00674-00366904-00367552 hard to beat the energy density of petroleum-based fuel but how do we do how do we replace that and RaTH0b50yD4-00675-00367552-00368128 still get all the benefits from aerospace provide um i think they're too numerous i don't know if i RaTH0b50yD4-00676-00368128-00368584 could pick one that's the like the biggest thing there's a lot and i think that's also RaTH0b50yD4-00677-00368584-00368968 what's driving enrollment up right you know this spacex and blue origin have a lot of excitement RaTH0b50yD4-00678-00369040-00369744 but the opportunities at uh you know in autonomy and in making aviation sustainable and in RaTH0b50yD4-00679-00369744-00370264 providing broadband internet from satellites you know these are all things that are driving our RaTH0b50yD4-00680-00370264-00370664 enrollment because there's lots of opportunity i guess i'm over answering your questions stacy or RaTH0b50yD4-00681-00370664-00371200 the person's question but i can't pick one that's like the big thing i think it's going really RaTH0b50yD4-00682-00371200-00371720 fast i think the key is to make sure we're doing it safely that's maybe the bigger challenge RaTH0b50yD4-00683-00372168-00372488 so we are past eight o'clock now so there were a couple questions that were submitted RaTH0b50yD4-00684-00372488-00373080 in advance that we didn't get to i will go ahead and email answers to those questions RaTH0b50yD4-00685-00373080-00373520 to those folks so we can wrap up here tonight bill do you want to go ahead and close this out RaTH0b50yD4-00686-00373520-00373864 sure well and thanks i know there's a lot of questions we didn't get to so that's great it RaTH0b50yD4-00687-00373864-00374376 shows the excitement that our that our parents and students and friends and alums all have for us so RaTH0b50yD4-00688-00374376-00374776 i really appreciate your participation like stacy says we'll try to save these and we'll try to RaTH0b50yD4-00689-00374936-00375464 try to get these back uh some kind of response to you as best we can so again thanks to everyone for RaTH0b50yD4-00690-00375464-00375904 your support for aeronautics and astronautics in all kinds of ways your cheerleader support your RaTH0b50yD4-00691-00375904-00376440 willingness to send your your sons and daughters here for education if you're one of our alums for RaTH0b50yD4-00692-00376440-00376968 your support and continue to help us whether it's financially whether it's providing mentorship to RaTH0b50yD4-00693-00376968-00377512 one of our students helping us when when the purdue alum gets out to your your company and RaTH0b50yD4-00694-00377512-00377904 bringing them into the purdue family at that company i've always been amazed at how RaTH0b50yD4-00695-00377904-00378512 how tightly knit the boilermaker network is at an aerospace i occasionally i regret that i didn't RaTH0b50yD4-00696-00378512-00379000 do my undergrad here just given the connections that i see so with all that thank you so much for RaTH0b50yD4-00697-00379000-00379288 participating this evening i know we didn't get to everybody's questions so i apologize for that RaTH0b50yD4-00698-00379288-00379808 we'll be the best we can hope you all stay safe um when it's your turn to get your vaccine please go RaTH0b50yD4-00699-00379808-00380312 consider doing that so that we can all stay safe and hopefully we'll do one of these maybe before RaTH0b50yD4-00700-00380312-00380792 the fall semester and give you an update and then have a much rosy picture of things going forward RaTH0b50yD4-00701-00380792-00381200 thanks also to to julia and zach thank you so much for providing the student contacts RaTH0b50yD4-00702-00381256-00381600 for our participants that i really appreciate thanks for taking your time out RaTH0b50yD4-00703-00381600-00381944 if you have a homework now that's late tell them professor crossley made you do this tonight then RaTH0b50yD4-00704-00382024-00382384 they probably won't give you an extension but but you can still tell them it's my fault RaTH0b50yD4-00705-00382464-00383128 it's the stress free week so so we're good there you go so thank you i actually had a sure i had RaTH0b50yD4-00706-00383128-00383896 a question professor crossley can we put in our email to the chat in case they're like parents if RaTH0b50yD4-00707-00383896-00384392 you're willing to do that go ahead and do that before we close down okay thank you certainly RaTH0b50yD4-00708-00384512-00385184 and and if people don't want to get a hold of me they can my email is my last name at purdue.edu RaTH0b50yD4-00709-00385848-00385856 you RcKIS88_dsk-00000-00000730-00001007 WILL GO THROUGH MARCH 31st. RcKIS88_dsk-00001-00001007-00001014 WILL GO THROUGH MARCH 31st. RcKIS88_dsk-00002-00001014-00001134 WILL GO THROUGH MARCH 31st. GLAM WHILE SOME STUDENTS HAVE RcKIS88_dsk-00003-00001134-00001141 WILL GO THROUGH MARCH 31st. GLAM WHILE SOME STUDENTS HAVE RcKIS88_dsk-00004-00001141-00001267 WILL GO THROUGH MARCH 31st. GLAM WHILE SOME STUDENTS HAVE DECIDED TO LEAVE THE BRAINERD RcKIS88_dsk-00005-00001267-00001274 GLAM WHILE SOME STUDENTS HAVE DECIDED TO LEAVE THE BRAINERD RcKIS88_dsk-00006-00001274-00001494 GLAM WHILE SOME STUDENTS HAVE DECIDED TO LEAVE THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT SINCE THE RcKIS88_dsk-00007-00001494-00001501 DECIDED TO LEAVE THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT SINCE THE RcKIS88_dsk-00008-00001501-00001691 DECIDED TO LEAVE THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR, MORE RcKIS88_dsk-00009-00001691-00001698 PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR, MORE RcKIS88_dsk-00010-00001698-00001908 PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR, MORE STUDENTS HAVE JOINED THE EARLY RcKIS88_dsk-00011-00001908-00001915 BEGINNING OF THE YEAR, MORE STUDENTS HAVE JOINED THE EARLY RcKIS88_dsk-00012-00001915-00002025 BEGINNING OF THE YEAR, MORE STUDENTS HAVE JOINED THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION RcKIS88_dsk-00013-00002025-00002032 STUDENTS HAVE JOINED THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION RcKIS88_dsk-00014-00002032-00002062 STUDENTS HAVE JOINED THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM. RcKIS88_dsk-00015-00002062-00002068 CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM. RcKIS88_dsk-00016-00002068-00002302 CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM. ACCORDING TO THE BRAINERD RcKIS88_dsk-00017-00002302-00002308 PROGRAM. ACCORDING TO THE BRAINERD RcKIS88_dsk-00018-00002308-00002585 PROGRAM. ACCORDING TO THE BRAINERD DISPATCH, DURING THE BRAINERD RcKIS88_dsk-00019-00002585-00002592 ACCORDING TO THE BRAINERD DISPATCH, DURING THE BRAINERD RcKIS88_dsk-00020-00002592-00002776 ACCORDING TO THE BRAINERD DISPATCH, DURING THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOL MEETING ON MONDAY, RcKIS88_dsk-00021-00002776-00002782 DISPATCH, DURING THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOL MEETING ON MONDAY, RcKIS88_dsk-00022-00002782-00002916 DISPATCH, DURING THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOL MEETING ON MONDAY, MEMBERS WERE TOLD THAT WHILE RcKIS88_dsk-00023-00002916-00002922 PUBLIC SCHOOL MEETING ON MONDAY, MEMBERS WERE TOLD THAT WHILE RcKIS88_dsk-00024-00002922-00003139 PUBLIC SCHOOL MEETING ON MONDAY, MEMBERS WERE TOLD THAT WHILE SOME HAVE LEFT, 73 STUDENTS HAVE RcKIS88_dsk-00025-00003139-00003146 MEMBERS WERE TOLD THAT WHILE SOME HAVE LEFT, 73 STUDENTS HAVE RcKIS88_dsk-00026-00003146-00003313 MEMBERS WERE TOLD THAT WHILE SOME HAVE LEFT, 73 STUDENTS HAVE ENROLLED IN THE PRE-K PROGRAM. RcKIS88_dsk-00027-00003313-00003319 SOME HAVE LEFT, 73 STUDENTS HAVE ENROLLED IN THE PRE-K PROGRAM. RcKIS88_dsk-00028-00003319-00003426 SOME HAVE LEFT, 73 STUDENTS HAVE ENROLLED IN THE PRE-K PROGRAM. THE CLASS WITH THE MOST AMOUNT RcKIS88_dsk-00029-00003426-00003433 ENROLLED IN THE PRE-K PROGRAM. THE CLASS WITH THE MOST AMOUNT RcKIS88_dsk-00030-00003433-00003553 ENROLLED IN THE PRE-K PROGRAM. THE CLASS WITH THE MOST AMOUNT OF STUDENTS TO LEAVE WAS THE RcKIS88_dsk-00031-00003553-00003560 THE CLASS WITH THE MOST AMOUNT OF STUDENTS TO LEAVE WAS THE RcKIS88_dsk-00032-00003560-00003747 THE CLASS WITH THE MOST AMOUNT OF STUDENTS TO LEAVE WAS THE SENIOR CLASS WITH 14 STUDENTS RcKIS88_dsk-00033-00003747-00003753 OF STUDENTS TO LEAVE WAS THE SENIOR CLASS WITH 14 STUDENTS RcKIS88_dsk-00034-00003753-00003927 OF STUDENTS TO LEAVE WAS THE SENIOR CLASS WITH 14 STUDENTS DECIDING TO LEAVE THE SCHOOL RcKIS88_dsk-00035-00003927-00003933 SENIOR CLASS WITH 14 STUDENTS DECIDING TO LEAVE THE SCHOOL RcKIS88_dsk-00036-00003933-00004354 SENIOR CLASS WITH 14 STUDENTS DECIDING TO LEAVE THE SCHOOL SINCE OCTOBER. RcKIS88_dsk-00037-00004354-00004361 DECIDING TO LEAVE THE SCHOOL SINCE OCTOBER. RcKIS88_dsk-00038-00004361-00004471 DECIDING TO LEAVE THE SCHOOL SINCE OCTOBER. NINTH GREAT STUDENTS CONTINUE TO RcKIS88_dsk-00039-00004471-00004477 SINCE OCTOBER. NINTH GREAT STUDENTS CONTINUE TO RcKIS88_dsk-00040-00004477-00004814 SINCE OCTOBER. NINTH GREAT STUDENTS CONTINUE TO BE THE LARGEST CLASS WITH 557 RdXlIaS2Mcy-00000-00000105-00000282 Recording. Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00001-00000704-00000731 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00002-00000966-00001884 And then the other action item was for Toby to file an issue and a link to a Google doc with the organizational affiliation stuff, so that's that's done. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00003-00002106-00002334 I miss and miss any action items from last RdXlIaS2Mcy-00004-00002334-00002415 Time did it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00005-00002457-00002550 No, I don't think so. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00006-00002874-00003024 Okay, so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00007-00003150-00003225 So the next RdXlIaS2Mcy-00008-00003375-00003420 That RdXlIaS2Mcy-00009-00003797-00004038 So if people are typing up in the agenda, let's let's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00010-00004137-00004443 I just I just I just put it there so I wouldn't forget. Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00011-00004473-00004587 Okay, cool, cool, cool. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00012-00004590-00004731 That's all, that's all I'm doing. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00013-00004800-00005157 We're working our way through the agenda. I just wanted to put a marker there. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00014-00005190-00005220 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00015-00005268-00005757 I'm gonna I'm gonna drop that down into the notes for the for that sucker. Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00016-00005862-00005904 Oops. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00017-00006189-00006222 Cool. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00018-00006531-00007263 OK, so the org affiliation. So I've included in the Minutes as a link to that issue that Toby put together and a link to the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00019-00007481-00008214 The document. So the, the issue frankly just links off to the document. So there's not really much interesting in that bit right now. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00020-00008520-00009096 Did anybody did anybody contribute to this this document that wants to talk about it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00021-00009360-00009843 And looking at the issue of see that I had responded to her and he forgot about it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00022-00010005-00011007 I went through the long list of metrics that we had an added anything that we already had to here at the bottom where it says related metrics. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00023-00011505-00012537 So the other dimension here that I'm not seeing that I do know a significant is creation changing over time of individuals. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00024-00012798-00012828 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00025-00012849-00014085 So there's a point in time where individuals, you know, you take your snapshot in time, but a lot of the projects I've worked on, you know, people will change within the system and certain we've seen this in clinics. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00026-00014124-00014154 And RdXlIaS2Mcy-00027-00014385-00015207 The get DMC work that is there already has a notion of time windows associated with organizations. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00028-00015333-00015396 And RdXlIaS2Mcy-00029-00015516-00015696 standardizing on RdXlIaS2Mcy-00030-00015797-00016395 Some of that type of how we track organization affiliation and time bound it. I think it's something we should be looking at RdXlIaS2Mcy-00031-00016605-00016692 Being able to capture RdXlIaS2Mcy-00032-00016881-00017334 People don't just look at metrics at a point in time. They also tend to look at trends and historical RdXlIaS2Mcy-00033-00017463-00018135 So, okay, I'll add that to the to the huge metrics list and I'll ping you on that one. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00034-00018321-00018498 It's really just about getting the name RdXlIaS2Mcy-00035-00018516-00019089 And kind of the, the definite question associated with it that's it at the moment. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00036-00019095-00019155 Yeah, that's cool. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00037-00019161-00019869 Yeah sure that like you say, Don, and I've had discussions on this whole topic. Okay, for several years now. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00038-00020067-00020205 Right there, too. So RdXlIaS2Mcy-00039-00020259-00020298 I would RdXlIaS2Mcy-00040-00020307-00020949 I would say the mat. Instead of adding it to the list right now let's let's work in this in the stock. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00041-00020985-00021024 Sure. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00042-00021216-00021621 Just keep things in one place so that we're not working on them. And in both places. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00043-00021660-00022518 So I added it to their related. Oh yeah, I'm just create a new category I created a new category at the bottom called missing metrics. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00044-00022704-00022749 Um, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00045-00022800-00022866 Yeah, that's okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00046-00022926-00023199 We can clean that up. So, so what else is missing. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00047-00023289-00023862 Um, we respect as you were talking about these. Hey, remember we have some people working us RdXlIaS2Mcy-00048-00024162-00024843 Nine to peer peer review or extreme programming. So several companies working at the same time or several developers. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00049-00024873-00025059 Pair programming. Programming. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00050-00025143-00025974 And multiple applications. Yeah, specifically at a case, an example to think about for that one is Leonardo where they have a nice RdXlIaS2Mcy-00051-00026120-00026175 Associate RdXlIaS2Mcy-00052-00026232-00026820 And so they have their company and potentially will the normal affiliation. And so how does that get counted RdXlIaS2Mcy-00053-00026991-00027180 The other, the other one is contractors RdXlIaS2Mcy-00054-00027243-00027468 Haha work for hire. Yes. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00055-00027486-00027519 Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00056-00027780-00028143 You should create Cloud Foundry is where I've seen this. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00057-00028218-00028338 Yeah, the pair programming. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00058-00028785-00028833 And then RdXlIaS2Mcy-00059-00029112-00029976 We have found, but this is kind of tricky. Depending on the day to people that are affiliated to certain affiliation, but they want to be affiliated to another one so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00060-00030014-00030099 Happy are RdXlIaS2Mcy-00061-00030249-00030570 Actually being paid by no Victoria, but then RdXlIaS2Mcy-00062-00030687-00031070 They want to be tracked US Free Software Foundation, so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00063-00031266-00031707 This kind of limitation, perhaps. Yeah, so the question is, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00064-00031872-00032108 I think this dimension here where RdXlIaS2Mcy-00065-00032226-00032379 People should be able to self. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00066-00032495-00032892 provide input on their affiliations and metrics in some ways. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00067-00033120-00033579 And be able to correct it, and I certainly under GDPR types of issues down the road. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00068-00033816-00033951 We may need to consider that, too. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00069-00034632-00035145 There anything in here about organizations that are shepherds for the project. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00070-00035256-00035307 Kind of RdXlIaS2Mcy-00071-00035433-00035727 Like at the at the core, I know we have the elephant factor. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00072-00035871-00035928 But RdXlIaS2Mcy-00073-00036135-00036612 Organizations that are really responsible for shepherding this project along RdXlIaS2Mcy-00074-00036828-00036891 As defined RdXlIaS2Mcy-00075-00036894-00037017 Through a variety of things. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00076-00037239-00037911 Yeah, I think the case, the case or that might happen is of a project structures itself so that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00077-00037965-00039243 It puts a copyright into every one of you know anyone in this contributors files effectively having a shared copyright, they may want to be tracking things that way. Mm hmm. And through an organization, but it is definitely a spectrum. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00078-00039453-00040188 The other factor, I think, to put into here is how to handle if an organization changes over time. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00079-00040419-00040632 mergers, acquisitions. Mm hmm. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00080-00040959-00041229 So there's a shifting dynamic on that dimension as well. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00081-00041307-00041415 So well done. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00082-00041703-00041802 I guess in RdXlIaS2Mcy-00083-00041850-00042825 This she has lived through being in Frisco Motorola spun out to have Freescale that then got acquired by NXP and then went into a whole bunch. The next few went into a whole bunch of discussions with RdXlIaS2Mcy-00084-00042846-00043023 All you had to say was Motorola RdXlIaS2Mcy-00085-00043572-00043614 Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00086-00043881-00044778 So, okay, divide can, what did you mean the the project that structures copyright to share to cross contributors RdXlIaS2Mcy-00087-00044928-00045786 Best practices and copyright statements. There's an evolving thoughts going on there and certain projects will RdXlIaS2Mcy-00088-00045891-00047067 Basically, put a copyright statement on each file saying copyright contributors to this project, you know, Project X and then inside Project X, there is a file called contributors RdXlIaS2Mcy-00089-00047202-00047754 And everyone you know as they start contributing, they get added by their peers, something like that. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00090-00047898-00047952 So, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00091-00047973-00048408 They want they may want themselves to be formally affiliated with the project, rather than RdXlIaS2Mcy-00092-00048534-00049011 The companies are coming in from because we're doing this as community work or something like that, but RdXlIaS2Mcy-00093-00049152-00049176 You know, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00094-00049200-00050433 Brace them back to their Gmail and they have another account somewhere else. We know they're active, we might affiliate them with a company where they personally want to be affiliated with. As you know, Daniel says like FSF as opposed to the church. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00095-00050541-00050709 So that last part. Makes sense. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00096-00050739-00051258 It seems like it seems like there are like three axes of control for this information. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00097-00051339-00051954 One, one might be the standard that we want to stay is how we decide where people are doing the work for RdXlIaS2Mcy-00098-00052014-00053550 The other might be the developers preference and the third might be how a community manager wants to interpret affiliation, because I think I understood in conversations, different people see these affiliation things very differently, like how I would count your affiliation. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00099-00053850-00053940 Am I overthinking it RdXlIaS2Mcy-00100-00054012-00054801 There is even a fourth go for a corner case where we face, for instance, we've been building some dashboards. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00101-00054915-00055473 Some of the people waiting for that were asking us, if there are certain organizations that are not RdXlIaS2Mcy-00102-00055836-00057041 Asking for certain services or they are not aligned with whatever basically didn't want them to be part of the affiliation. So it's kind of, let's say, a service maybe from from the people pay for RdXlIaS2Mcy-00103-00057045-00057498 For just perhaps a fourth case that might be RdXlIaS2Mcy-00104-00057660-00058292 Someone that the one producing the matrix itself, but I then it can make sense. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00105-00058338-00058923 You don't know like a centralized service that would try to track affiliations across the broad collection of communities. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00106-00059079-00059958 So I'm not exactly so that the specific Gates was if you are not paying for the services that we are offering you will not be listed this RdXlIaS2Mcy-00107-00060126-00060351 Organization here. So, you know, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00108-00060537-00061239 But this is this is basically a way of proceeding by the one producing the dashboard right or controlling the dashboard. So RdXlIaS2Mcy-00109-00061398-00061827 Mean from a pure metrics perspective, maybe it doesn't make sense. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00110-00063396-00063566 So this is on top of your three RdXlIaS2Mcy-00111-00063645-00064014 Yeah. Yeah. So I mean, I don't know if we want to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00112-00064191-00064938 Kate dawn. Do you do any thoughts on like are these different types of ways of interpreting affiliation. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00113-00065196-00065604 Doing. Oh, do we just want to, what do we want to define, I guess. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00114-00065631-00065862 Yeah. So what I've done is I've created RdXlIaS2Mcy-00115-00065967-00066762 A section in the organizational affiliation metrics doc called missing metrics and I've just been listing listing all the ones that we've talked about RdXlIaS2Mcy-00116-00066909-00067260 So I think what we have to do first is probably RdXlIaS2Mcy-00117-00067533-00068385 Make sure that we have all of the or as many of the metrics we can possibly think of. And then I think it'll actually be kind of a RdXlIaS2Mcy-00118-00068517-00069396 Bigger exercise to look at some some focus areas related to organizational affiliation and put these into logical groupings. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00119-00069534-00069573 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00120-00069924-00070509 Because i think i think what you just said is part of it, but I think it certainly doesn't encompass all of the stuff that we have here on the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00121-00070647-00070896 For the organizational affiliation metrics. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00122-00070995-00071397 We definitely should make sure we stress that it's an, an organization, rather than a company RdXlIaS2Mcy-00123-00071436-00071463 Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00124-00071661-00071949 And because I think RdXlIaS2Mcy-00125-00072051-00072570 Organizations play or the role here that we capture companies are just a subset RdXlIaS2Mcy-00126-00072636-00073158 And then companies have multiple sub branches and things like that, too. So I don't know to what extent you want to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00127-00073275-00073653 Know wholly owned subsidiaries and secondary subsidiaries and that type of thing. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00128-00073800-00073872 That's good point. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00129-00075261-00075915 So somebody typed in at the bottom of this list contributor organizations listing and not as part of affiliation. I don't know what that means. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00130-00076764-00077040 I think that was what Daniel was talking about. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00131-00077151-00077805 You don't get listed or your company doesn't get this that if you are not officially a member or paying for the service. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00132-00077964-00078039 That was my RdXlIaS2Mcy-00133-00078150-00078333 Attempt to capture what Daniel was saying. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00134-00078351-00078381 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00135-00078492-00078546 I'm RdXlIaS2Mcy-00136-00080697-00081015 Okay, are we missing. We're missing anything else. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00137-00081027-00082026 So does anybody. I guess this is the point I was trying to bring up really I don't see it captured here, but in academia big one is core versus peripheral members. This shows up in academia, all the time. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00138-00082140-00082599 So does anybody care and this is that whole shepherding idea that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00139-00082737-00082983 You can have an organization kind of RdXlIaS2Mcy-00140-00083175-00084459 Appear as a large contributor over a brief period of time, but they're not really a committed number to a project right so you can have a lot of code being dumped in a short period of time. So the number of commits might be high. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00141-00084636-00086085 But they really might just be a peripheral organization that made a temporary entry into the core. Right. So do we care it. Does anybody care about this. This is all over academia about foreign peripheral structures. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00142-00086106-00086379 Yeah, I've written a lot of papers using that analysis. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00143-00086553-00087192 And i think i think it's a question of so that the challenge has been open sources been RdXlIaS2Mcy-00144-00087264-00087426 What you're going to count as core RdXlIaS2Mcy-00145-00087537-00088395 And if you want to show that without vetting it first, because the core is usually determined by communication x RdXlIaS2Mcy-00146-00088437-00089052 So the people who are most engaged in specific accept communication often end up defined as being in the core RdXlIaS2Mcy-00147-00089142-00090468 And usually, that's right. Sometimes you get it's not quite right. And it's obviously thresholds that have to be set on a project by project basis, so it's it's less absolute hurts. It's more RdXlIaS2Mcy-00148-00090609-00091377 It'll you know but signing somebody a category automatically will I think people would be interested in that. I think there might be pressing against it to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00149-00091548-00091620 You I'm RdXlIaS2Mcy-00150-00091632-00092235 I'm not familiar with this concept. Can you give me an example. What you mean my core peripheral and academia. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00151-00092316-00092859 And and related to that. Are you talking about core peripheral organizations. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00152-00092862-00093084 Or corn peripheral individuals who work. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00153-00093093-00093111 For RdXlIaS2Mcy-00154-00093351-00093423 Individuals RdXlIaS2Mcy-00155-00093495-00093525 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00156-00093597-00094092 So that even an organizational affiliation worked on on the organizational level. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00157-00094101-00094506 Where they yeah yeah that it it is a factor. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00158-00094641-00094782 If you well. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00159-00094818-00095013 All right, let's back up and answer Brian's question. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00160-00095166-00095859 So if you imagine just to associate ground. Have you seen associate Graham Brian like social network analysis. Okay, so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00161-00095865-00096561 We're sure so it's like a lot of dots and the people who in the middle are tightly connected and RdXlIaS2Mcy-00162-00096642-00096777 They are and RdXlIaS2Mcy-00163-00096783-00097728 The people outside are kind of the periphery. Sometimes you have two clusters in a project and the people who go between them are called the bridging people RdXlIaS2Mcy-00164-00097932-00098124 Or I can, I can shoot out some examples. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00165-00098127-00098847 No, I, I think I've got it in my head. Now I'm does that apply in this situation because RdXlIaS2Mcy-00166-00098895-00099108 Moving kind of call those RdXlIaS2Mcy-00167-00099294-00099357 I mean, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00168-00099393-00099444 So like if RdXlIaS2Mcy-00169-00099453-00099864 I wrong in thinking this is a similar to what we would call a drive by contribution. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00170-00100002-00100422 Sure, it could be so a peripheral Member could make a drive by contribution. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00171-00100521-00100569 Right. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00172-00100599-00100941 Kind of where temporarily, they kind of shoot up the list. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00173-00100956-00101730 Sorry, my, my flip to that is would a peripheral person or organization be making continual contributions. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00174-00101736-00102351 As possible. Okay, is that obviously is different from what I'm thinking, okay, yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00175-00102480-00102906 So it's really and you can wait. Sean was saying, you can kind of slice this a variety of ways. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00176-00102915-00103782 Yeah. Terms of how you would define a core member. I mean, it might be things like trying to identify if one organization kind of occupies all maintainer slots. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00177-00103958-00104043 In a project. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00178-00104067-00104472 Right, and they are responsible for approving all pull request say RdXlIaS2Mcy-00179-00104727-00105123 That they take a position of core right so it couldn't be defined in a variety of different ways. I just RdXlIaS2Mcy-00180-00105126-00106065 Yeah, and I could see this being useful because for some sort of like why why because, like, if we're talking about like private organizations like a company RdXlIaS2Mcy-00181-00106143-00107094 The dividing lines. Pretty easy, either you get a paycheck, or you don't. So that that definitions. Pretty easy, but I could also see RdXlIaS2Mcy-00182-00107154-00108381 An intra organizational analysis are most of the people contributing to this project from a certain team or there are people from the outside who have been chipping in as well. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00183-00108426-00108567 So yeah, I can see RdXlIaS2Mcy-00184-00108573-00108798 Where I could lay both ways. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00185-00108813-00109056 Okay, thank you. You're RdXlIaS2Mcy-00186-00109266-00110370 Okay, so I sort of summarize this as roles network structures relative to organizations parentheses course periphery maintain errs and other leaders centralized in certain orcs. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00187-00110463-00111219 In, in the same way that we have these you remember this on your analysis of the open source communities where we have that most of the people, not RdXlIaS2Mcy-00188-00111260-00112380 Small amount of people are doing most of the work. So we can basically characterize organizations in the same way. So probably a small amount of the annotations are doing a big amount of the work, so we can have the score. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00189-00112535-00112668 Really similar to this, but RdXlIaS2Mcy-00190-00112719-00112749 Just RdXlIaS2Mcy-00191-00112758-00114129 kind of throw it integrations right fit into several data sources and this is another thing. So we are, you know, well, I've only seen ensuring this is my first meeting. So we have already discussed about this, but we are talking about commits RdXlIaS2Mcy-00192-00114246-00114789 Around the document, but there are, of course, any a lot of data sources and different data sources so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00193-00114954-00115460 I'm on the bookies. I have a couple of extra years. I don't know if they apply here. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00194-00115521-00115791 So is it is it related to organizational affiliation. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00195-00115965-00116040 It is RdXlIaS2Mcy-00196-00116058-00116154 OK, but RdXlIaS2Mcy-00197-00116226-00116292 You'll say, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00198-00116466-00118065 So this is that the use cases, these are organizations being fair in the code review. So it was a good review for of course they've decided on a on a chance because there are limitations that are probably leaving these and they are they are the ones that have RdXlIaS2Mcy-00199-00118194-00118854 Maintained errs or cultural viewers and the gold reviewers are the ones that are adding new functionality at the very end, so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00200-00119094-00119316 What do you think is something that we can have here. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00201-00119418-00119472 You know, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00202-00119517-00119856 I'm adding a section called bigger things to think about. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00203-00119865-00121920 Okay, I'm up towards the top because I think in some of these. I think we may be need to better need we need to figure out how we want to distinguish between metrics that are describing organizational affiliation and metrics that are using that to do something else. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00204-00122001-00122186 You know what I mean. Because I think Daniels like RdXlIaS2Mcy-00205-00122190-00123246 Your, your example is not really, it's not really an organizational affiliation metric you're taking the organizational affiliation metrics and doing some analysis on them. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00206-00123308-00124425 And I think we need to decide whether or not those fit in this category or somewhere else, because I think that there are probably a lot of metrics that US organizational affiliation. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00207-00124476-00124623 Or additional analysis. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00208-00124878-00125442 code review fairness almost bleeds into the high school RdXlIaS2Mcy-00209-00125502-00125601 Yeah yeah RdXlIaS2Mcy-00210-00127371-00127500 I'm just typing this in here. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00211-00129564-00129833 Another similar concept related to this would be the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00212-00129972-00131036 Footprint or the influence but it's probably something based on once we have the characterization of companies, then we can go for for something else in this year. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00213-00131865-00133047 Yeah, that's good point. I think it does fit into kind of that same category. So I summarize this is which metrics are directly related to organizational affiliation versus other metrics that use organizational affiliation for additional analysis. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00214-00133173-00133509 And we need to decide where we put these and how we characterize them. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00215-00134010-00134040 Cool. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00216-00134295-00134493 Anything else, people can pick up that we're missing. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00217-00134835-00135018 This seems like a pretty good first pass RdXlIaS2Mcy-00218-00135120-00135183 Or does RdXlIaS2Mcy-00219-00135258-00135291 Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00220-00135561-00136041 It's plenty, plenty of stuff to dig in. Dig into on this, um, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00221-00136461-00136698 Now, as far as next steps I RdXlIaS2Mcy-00222-00136785-00136872 Guess. Oh, yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00223-00136914-00137088 Maybe you're going to answer it in next steps. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00224-00137094-00137124 You had RdXlIaS2Mcy-00225-00137304-00137607 You so it was it was about focus areas and where they slot in RdXlIaS2Mcy-00226-00137640-00137730 Yeah, maybe this RdXlIaS2Mcy-00227-00137751-00137868 Was actually my RdXlIaS2Mcy-00228-00137877-00139641 So, I think, is the next step. It would be nice to have somebody take a first pass at putting these in some focus areas. So maybe somebody who's done this for DMV or DNI who wants to take a look at these and see if we can put together some kind of a proposal to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00229-00139653-00140652 Me so I'm on this. Yeah. The so as you well know, I just the focus areas, it would sound like would be a slightly bit different here. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00230-00140745-00141789 Just in the sense that obviously DNI is the highest level working group with, say, six or seven focus areas in there and then obviously the goals and the questions in there. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00231-00141858-00142986 So when would common be the highest level here and then a focus area is called organizational affiliate or organizational things, whatever the proper name for that. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00232-00143055-00143268 As an metrics within there or RdXlIaS2Mcy-00233-00143376-00143673 Is there another layer in there. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00234-00143679-00144990 Um, that's a really good question. I was, I was thinking of the focus areas being organizational affiliation. But I also think that we somehow need to better organize these metrics within that focus area. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00235-00144999-00145377 Okay, I'm not sure if we have like subcategories within it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00236-00145485-00145878 Because I was thinking there. Some of these that are really closely related. So RdXlIaS2Mcy-00237-00145992-00146103 You have things like RdXlIaS2Mcy-00238-00146493-00147453 You know, for example, mergers and acquisitions and that's kind of, kind of related to, like, how do you handle subsidiaries and same organization. They're kind of like RdXlIaS2Mcy-00239-00147567-00147837 You know how to handle when the organization structure changes. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00240-00147894-00148929 Those might you might think of those kind of kind of together and then there's sort of the pair programming multiple affiliation contractors personal preference. So some of the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00241-00149148-00149448 Some of those kind of naturally sort of group together. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00242-00149649-00149835 I don't know. I mean, maybe we just want to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00243-00149994-00150597 So I looking at this list, it seems to me like they're all RdXlIaS2Mcy-00244-00150774-00151305 Factors when determining affiliation for the contributor RdXlIaS2Mcy-00245-00151347-00151566 These are all things to keep in mind. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00246-00151635-00151932 Yeah, know that there are different focus areas that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00247-00152037-00152340 Elsewhere. No, no, I would say it's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00248-00152442-00153699 Sorry, I would say it's under the affiliation organizational affiliation focus area like that would be the focus area, but I'm just wondering, because these because we have so many metrics do we want to organize them within that focus area. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00249-00154089-00155223 We could be really subtle, just in terms of you know how the focus areas have the tables. Yeah, the metrics and the questions. It could just be really subtle in terms of some headings on those in the table. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00250-00155337-00155697 Yeah, maybe we don't need to further organize it at all. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00251-00155829-00156255 Possibility to and just let people assemble them the way that they would like to assemble them. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00252-00156381-00156501 Then being the metrics. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00253-00156537-00157044 Yeah. Do people have a preference. I mean, I don't really know that I do. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00254-00157611-00158256 My if I had a preference, it would be a single focus area called organizational affiliation. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00255-00158289-00158325 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00256-00158355-00159156 That houses all metrics without us without a sub category at least that first pass RdXlIaS2Mcy-00257-00159189-00159330 Okay, cool. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00258-00159936-00160104 But that's just me. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00259-00160227-00160281 I'm RdXlIaS2Mcy-00260-00160464-00161205 In really the only rationale for that is just keeping it in line with the other working. That's the biggest, biggest factor for me. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00261-00162375-00163299 I think I spot two different aspects. One is how to be handled changes over time and the others how to be handled through each year contributor determines RdXlIaS2Mcy-00262-00163884-00164292 What is that for different like some categories. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00263-00164562-00164898 All of these concerns for determining RdXlIaS2Mcy-00264-00165000-00165888 Affiliation there's room that seems to be worried about what if affiliation changes. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00265-00166017-00166305 Because it gets merged acquired or RdXlIaS2Mcy-00266-00166407-00166500 People move jobs. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00267-00166605-00167673 And the other is lot of people have more than one affiliation and one to be affiliated with a specific project work for organization. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00268-00168552-00169155 So this is an exercise for you and try to determine if there are some categories. So right RdXlIaS2Mcy-00269-00169299-00169875 What, what are these I understand what you're saying. But what are these two items changes and RdXlIaS2Mcy-00270-00169974-00170142 overarching themes and RdXlIaS2Mcy-00271-00170454-00170577 Concerns, okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00272-00170778-00171768 But then we also. So those are just in the missing metrics. We also have the the related metrics up above. So the number of contributing organizations contributor diversity. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00273-00171996-00172125 Some of those as well. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00274-00172284-00173202 They fall into what you determined about as one determining what affiliation is and the other one using that affiliation and analysis. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00275-00173376-00174567 So I think what we have as missing metrics is how do we actually determine affiliation, whereas all the others are out of the US that affiliation. Once it's determined to analyze the data. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00276-00176034-00176754 I mean, I can see it. I just, I guess this is to the question of, do we need some categories to me. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00277-00177432-00179208 I do think what we probably want to do since Toby was kind of driving some of this effort that he couldn't make the meeting. I think before we decide what to do. I think maybe we should sync back up with with Toby let him read the notes or possibly possibly watch the video and RdXlIaS2Mcy-00278-00179454-00179607 See if he has any thoughts to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00279-00179685-00179811 Sounds like a good idea. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00280-00179844-00180765 I'm gonna have to drop off right now, but I just did want to see if people thought that sugar geographic affiliation was the topic to be included in this group as well. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00281-00180942-00181137 I yes RdXlIaS2Mcy-00282-00181179-00181215 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00283-00181431-00181518 I think, I think. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00284-00181638-00182880 You guys are start talking about another nicer know see gold in the thing. The other thing that I did what I thought that was something that it's probably worth exploring dimensions of unsafe with Google Doc as well. And if there's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00285-00182964-00183630 An open Google Doc, I'll add in there to the DNI what purpose or subtraction geographic diversity. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00286-00183798-00183885 Ah, OK. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00287-00184044-00184092 I'm RdXlIaS2Mcy-00288-00184401-00184494 From what what's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00289-00184644-00184950 What standpoint, sorry. And okay, has to leave. Um, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00290-00185175-00185298 Well, let's just table it let's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00291-00185313-00186288 Do it so that the problem or the instant issue I'm seeing is, I'm seeing a lot of contributors from Australia, but I know they're coming in from China. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00292-00186474-00187233 They're coming in and being able to track them more than just the server that their prime for that actually track where they're really affiliated with. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00293-00187371-00187536 New interesting case I've been seeing RdXlIaS2Mcy-00294-00187686-00187818 Thing you see that a lot too. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00295-00188013-00188454 Because of the way corporate VPN work the Bay Area is way over represented RdXlIaS2Mcy-00296-00188565-00189162 Data Wise. So there's a lot to think about with respect to how we how we handle geographic metrics. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00297-00189183-00189420 I think, more so than the DNI RdXlIaS2Mcy-00298-00189618-00190032 Looking at it from a diversity standpoint. Okay, now I think I understand where you're going with that. So let's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00299-00190236-00190353 Catch up with you another time. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00300-00190368-00190473 Right, right. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00301-00190494-00190551 Well, thanks. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00302-00191286-00191436 Okay, um, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00303-00191664-00192288 So I think, I think the action item on the organizational affiliation is RdXlIaS2Mcy-00304-00192429-00192762 For Toby to take a look at the work that we've done and sync up RdXlIaS2Mcy-00305-00192879-00193275 In the next in the next meeting. I think it's probably the action item. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00306-00194085-00194427 Okay, so the next bit I'm RdXlIaS2Mcy-00307-00194538-00194982 Sorry, who was who was taking notes to somebody want to add the action item for for Toby. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00308-00195165-00195333 Okay, cool. Um, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00309-00195561-00195684 Okay, so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00310-00195909-00196275 Thank you so much. Matt for going through and RdXlIaS2Mcy-00311-00196602-00196653 The RdXlIaS2Mcy-00312-00196767-00196971 Putting the working groups in there. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00313-00197004-00197250 Your think i think what I'll do, let me RdXlIaS2Mcy-00314-00197388-00197685 Using two computers. Let me share my screen for the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00315-00198888-00198954 Just find it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00316-00201798-00201951 Okay, so can you see that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00317-00202101-00202146 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00318-00202263-00202647 So what I thought we would do is RdXlIaS2Mcy-00319-00202929-00204102 Have a quick look, quick, quick look at these million metrics and see if there were any any that we wanted to, to focus on RdXlIaS2Mcy-00320-00204402-00204585 And this is geographic in here. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00321-00204675-00204951 Today, buddy. Search for remember RdXlIaS2Mcy-00322-00204975-00205023 It doesn't RdXlIaS2Mcy-00323-00205167-00205458 Work, but I think that's not RdXlIaS2Mcy-00324-00205523-00205554 Now, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00325-00205667-00205998 But they do have in the DNI work group. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00326-00206115-00206196 Dimensions. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00327-00206460-00206723 And geographic should be one of those RdXlIaS2Mcy-00328-00207144-00207804 We have under contributor demographics is the only mention of location. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00329-00208067-00208260 Yeah, I remember seeing it as a metric RdXlIaS2Mcy-00330-00208317-00208356 It's not a RdXlIaS2Mcy-00331-00208398-00208602 Contributor demographics was the metric RdXlIaS2Mcy-00332-00208617-00209123 Yeah, and then the description includes location. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00333-00209328-00209385 Um, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00334-00209610-00210023 Yeah, the other one that's not in this list, and it's related to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00335-00210369-00210648 Geographic affiliation also is RdXlIaS2Mcy-00336-00211230-00211973 timezones. Sorry, I was just reading the notes. I don't think we table the discussion on geographic affiliation. I think we said that it belongs here. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00337-00212088-00212492 Because it's different than sorry. I'm just gonna fix the notes. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00338-00212723-00213177 I think it's like Matt said we're tracking it as one one thing RdXlIaS2Mcy-00339-00214083-00214110 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00340-00214227-00214473 People are typing things in the nuts, we haven't actually talked about RdXlIaS2Mcy-00341-00214830-00215364 I was just gonna put time zones and because I think that's an element of geographical affiliation. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00342-00215478-00215634 I don't think that's anywhere in there. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00343-00215676-00215805 Yeah I don't either. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00344-00216798-00217152 I want to change the notes to sync with the DNI working group on it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00345-00217446-00217569 I think geographical RdXlIaS2Mcy-00346-00217935-00218076 Location reaching the entree RdXlIaS2Mcy-00347-00218076-00218364 Do you want to talk about what you mean what you meant by that. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00348-00218369-00219153 That is one of the dimensions of demographics that food has so we're tracking this information. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00349-00219390-00219738 But we have not specified a metric that actually uses this RdXlIaS2Mcy-00350-00219852-00219882 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00351-00220446-00222048 Yeah, because this seems to me like something that's important for a lot of things beyond DNI. And so I think it probably belongs in the common working group and then D and I would use this data as a part of some metric thats related to, you know, diversity of something RdXlIaS2Mcy-00352-00222369-00222492 How, how I see that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00353-00222852-00222906 I'm RdXlIaS2Mcy-00354-00223284-00223967 Just anybody. This is a pretty big list that we've got. And there are a lot of a lot of RdXlIaS2Mcy-00355-00224085-00224175 Gaps RdXlIaS2Mcy-00356-00224466-00224742 And there are a lot of repeats to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00357-00224859-00225141 Or at least really similar metrics. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00358-00225267-00225398 When I was going through this list. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00359-00225879-00226932 In the meantime, I have a, I have a question. So yeah, it's the following I i've seen at the very beginning that there is a link to the but she maturity model. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00360-00227250-00227592 Yeah, which maturity model guidelines for setting the maturity if operated RdXlIaS2Mcy-00361-00227742-00228288 I think we, we try to make kind of RdXlIaS2Mcy-00362-00228471-00228807 List of existing models because there are there are several of them. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00363-00229002-00230163 I didn't know if it even makes sense here in this discussion, because at least I'm aware of. So policies maturity model, which is part of the Eclipse Foundation. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00364-00230304-00230996 There were some r&d braids here in the European Union, as well as we're dealing with this. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00365-00231246-00231411 So this concept of RdXlIaS2Mcy-00366-00231525-00231858 Quality models for maturity models do we want to RdXlIaS2Mcy-00367-00232005-00232089 Get into them. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00368-00232491-00232662 Or who simply ignore them. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00369-00233079-00233358 So you suggesting like kind of building a maturity model. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00370-00233439-00233469 Know, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00371-00233586-00233723 Identifying what's out there. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00372-00233792-00234542 Yeah, yeah, basically, that one. It's kind of a state of the art in terms of, well, these are the models we have related to open source projects. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00373-00234762-00235125 Perhaps we can have some IDs or maybe they are nonsense. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00374-00235212-00236100 So I remember adding this to the list because I was thinking that these maturity models like Apache project. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00375-00236100-00236267 Mental Model and have RdXlIaS2Mcy-00376-00236277-00237102 Metrics built into them to determine the maturity level. So there might be ideas for metrics within the church. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00377-00237521-00238046 And also think where you land on a maturity model may be a metric as well. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00378-00238248-00239748 Yeah, I'm saying this because I've been a was years ago really involved in these models maturity and quality and so on. So I'm aware of some of them to at least to have a link of them. Maybe I was looking for some of them, but they didn't, didn't even exist. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00379-00239883-00240714 Yeah, I mean, I see the the Apache maturity model stuff here. Is that something that should be a DMD Sean RdXlIaS2Mcy-00380-00240801-00242139 Yeah, the Apache maturity model I i think it should, should our judgment. I think it's something that naturally would fit in that category. I think if it's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00381-00242294-00243579 Yeah, I mean I think naturally would fit in that category. I think you could also make the argument that maturity might encompass things other than the growth, maturity declined metrics and so I'd have to actually look at what the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00382-00243696-00243813 What the Apache model. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00383-00243933-00244089 Includes which I have not done. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00384-00244121-00244863 Okay um you or someone else from Jim. Do you want to just take an action item to have a look at that and see if it belongs in GMT. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00385-00244905-00245490 I will, I will do that right now. I will create a issue in GMT to look at the Apache maturity model. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00386-00245541-00246044 Okay. Actually, I'd actually previous just made a note to look at it myself, because it looks interesting. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00387-00246167-00246306 As a title. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00388-00246621-00248427 So Daniels question. I think it would be helpful to have a list of maturity models because of chaos is the place where people can understand Project Health then directing them to existing efforts like maturity models is something RdXlIaS2Mcy-00389-00248535-00249687 So I can just, I just pulled it up and there are parts of the maturity model that fit in literally every working group. There's a licensed and copyright model that would probably fit in risk. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00390-00249746-00250323 And there's a Community model that I think is likely to fall, partly in diversity and inclusion, at least. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00391-00250517-00250878 consensus building models, kind of a cultural metric. So there are RdXlIaS2Mcy-00392-00251013-00251733 The Apache maturity model is more than worth maturity in decline, but it does include growth, maturity in decline. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00393-00251964-00252987 I would be happy to take this and have the G amp D group can start work on the parts of it that are logically under the tree in decline. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00394-00253230-00253587 But I think when it comes to I think there's probably, you know, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00395-00253742-00253992 Like a license and copyrights definitely under risk. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00396-00254259-00254373 Maybe this is a RdXlIaS2Mcy-00397-00254550-00255729 World where one day we'll be able to take these maturity models that could patch maturity model not to our metrics and then create answers will RdXlIaS2Mcy-00398-00256089-00256131 Be cool RdXlIaS2Mcy-00399-00256350-00256590 I would say that I think RdXlIaS2Mcy-00400-00256788-00256848 So, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00401-00256959-00258246 So this is a bit odd for me because like Apache maturity model is it's not a metric in and of itself, or is that a way to categorize metrics, but seems like an odd thing to have an a list of a list of metrics. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00402-00258411-00260178 I also tend to think that we should probably discussions about things like like maturity models and things like that are probably a little bit outside of the scope of this group and maybe something we should be doing kind of on the on the project as a whole. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00403-00260294-00261885 But I also uh, I'll be honest, like with my practical practitioner hat on. I'm not sure that out of this list of things that we have here that figuring out which models things fit in is maybe I wouldn't say its highest priority. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00404-00261906-00261975 No, no. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00405-00261978-00262142 People other people that agree. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00406-00262209-00262797 Mean that if there's some examples on the website and the Apache maturity model has a very narrative kind of report. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00407-00262830-00263490 That's probably pulled from a qualitative analysis and lots of the kinds of metrics that the different working groups produce RdXlIaS2Mcy-00408-00263847-00264795 So, to your question, I think, I think it does fall under the aegis of cast to think about it, but I don't think it falls clearly into a working group. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00409-00264996-00265053 Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00410-00265065-00265389 I agree with you. Basically my perception is that quality models are RdXlIaS2Mcy-00411-00265542-00266988 At the very end, you know, really specific context. So they are perhaps more interested in licensing risk or or community sustainability. So depending on where you are. You will focus on certain metrics, our gold priority would be to focus on RdXlIaS2Mcy-00412-00267030-00267813 Those metrics and then at some point if someone is willing to build some quality model, perhaps we can we can have some characterization of those metrics and say, RdXlIaS2Mcy-00413-00267858-00268521 All of these set of metrics here are related to licenses and all of these are related to community. So you can build whatever you want with this. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00414-00268728-00269952 So it was more. I wanted to open this box with the, with the goal of saying, well, all of these success there is has they are a really massive for state of the art in quality models and so on. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00415-00270009-00270471 In open source software engineering. The point is, firstly, we want to go. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00416-00270606-00270981 Into them or they get the answer is we prefer not to enter them. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00417-00271158-00271941 And then at least what we can do is to learn from them. Several other metrics, they weren't using at some point and say, well, they weren't using this matrix. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00418-00272103-00272142 But RdXlIaS2Mcy-00419-00272238-00272457 I'll have a thought so. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00420-00272679-00272952 I think one of the things that has come out on this. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00421-00273060-00273966 As an action item for me is to cure rate this list, a little bit. So, I mean, it was I think the first thing was just to get that column to the right and that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00422-00273996-00274113 Doesn't look like much, but it's a RdXlIaS2Mcy-00423-00274113-00275109 Little bit of time. And I think so. Now, maybe the next thing would be to curate this list and kind of ask out loud, whether things like maturity models are actually a metric right RdXlIaS2Mcy-00424-00275223-00276870 And then kind of cleaning up the repeats that's on my to do list. What if we considered maturity models at and then my second point is, what if we considered maturity models at the young Tuesday weekly call not necessarily within a particular group at this point. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00425-00276897-00276990 That makes sense. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00426-00277035-00277869 That's, that's where I think that belongs rather than in this group. I mean, I think it's fine for somebody to go off in and look at kind of the state of the art and some of the stuff I just do. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00427-00277980-00278181 I see is kind of out of scope. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00428-00278235-00278586 We could consider that at the kind of the project at the whole RdXlIaS2Mcy-00429-00278781-00279429 Yeah. The other piece that I see as I as I looked down through this as kind of a theme is RdXlIaS2Mcy-00430-00279561-00279639 Licensing RdXlIaS2Mcy-00431-00279795-00280518 So there, there are a whole bunch of metrics related to licensing and there are a few others scattered throughout the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00432-00280521-00280650 The document that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00433-00280791-00281016 Don't seem to be clearly owned by a RdXlIaS2Mcy-00434-00281127-00281151 Not RdXlIaS2Mcy-00435-00281421-00282450 By work group. And so if somebody if somebody loves licensing and wanted to dig in. That's, that's one thing that I see as a possible RdXlIaS2Mcy-00436-00282606-00282780 Possible gap. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00437-00282951-00283260 It's clear. I think that would clearly go over to the risk RdXlIaS2Mcy-00438-00283458-00283503 In group. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00439-00283593-00283779 Mm hmm. For sure. Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00440-00284019-00284055 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00441-00284235-00284865 So do you want to take the AR to who wants to take the AR to start action item AR was an Intel thing. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00442-00285216-00285954 Extra required. So, who wants to take an action item to take a look at the the licensing bets and and figure out RdXlIaS2Mcy-00443-00286077-00286332 How to get those into the appropriate risk working group. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00444-00286437-00286686 And risk is still a subset of GMT, is that RdXlIaS2Mcy-00445-00286686-00286851 Still know it's its own working group. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00446-00286878-00287079 Okay, slowly getting off the ground. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00447-00287121-00287151 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00448-00287421-00288030 So, I mean, I guess the answer is the risk. Working Group will take that on as an action item. Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00449-00288084-00288411 And who who is kind of leading the efforts on the risk RdXlIaS2Mcy-00450-00288417-00288750 Well, Kate. Kate there and Sean's there and I'm cool. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00451-00288930-00289128 That's why I'm here to talk to you. If I have questions about it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00452-00289254-00289485 Keaton manner. Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00453-00289554-00289950 So we, we should probably get that is that on the participate page. I haven't seen that. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00454-00290004-00290175 Know, just honestly it's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00455-00290184-00290409 Been a lot about just finding time RdXlIaS2Mcy-00456-00290457-00290790 Yeah, we can meet. I mean, it's really just starting late RdXlIaS2Mcy-00457-00290799-00290835 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00458-00290865-00291705 Now, yeah. The, you know, we're trying to engage the Japan. And you mentioned at one on one of our calls how difficult that can be on phone calls and so RdXlIaS2Mcy-00459-00291753-00292485 We have some other folks that we're engaging right now as well and i think i think it's going to get some traction after the leadership summit. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00460-00292611-00292653 Cool. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00461-00292944-00293475 Um, another one that I saw that is kind of a kind of a theme is RdXlIaS2Mcy-00462-00293715-00293868 Like response. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00463-00294033-00294189 So a RdXlIaS2Mcy-00464-00294273-00294693 Times like response to issues or response to pull requests and who's RdXlIaS2Mcy-00465-00294693-00294810 The audience. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00466-00294831-00295743 Yeah, average issue resolution time average time to respond to a code merge request average time to first response to an issue average time of open issues. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00467-00295944-00296502 I think that I think that might might naturally lend itself to kind of a RdXlIaS2Mcy-00468-00296607-00296889 focus area that I think would be pretty important. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00469-00297357-00298680 That's going to do also depend on the nature of the question, too, because I could see that falling into GMT, and I could also see that falling into diversity and inclusion, because those are three things that might come up in the DNI question. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00470-00298752-00298968 Yeah, I mean I think that those are RdXlIaS2Mcy-00471-00299109-00300540 These are particular sort of what I would consider sir prototypical examples of things, a blog in this working group because I think that you could take these metrics and interpret them in different ways for DNI a risk for GMT. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00472-00300756-00301440 So I think they're ones that are probably common across most of the working groups, but I don't see any links to anything. So I don't see anybody RdXlIaS2Mcy-00473-00301488-00301689 Who's been kind of kind of working on that. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00474-00301839-00302760 But I think the first step would be to, you know, identify which of these metrics is like bug age. I don't know if that's the same as like resolution time. I don't know how we would RdXlIaS2Mcy-00475-00302874-00303042 How it would decide that, but RdXlIaS2Mcy-00476-00303327-00304035 Let's another one. I see as a as a possible thing for something to someone might want to work on. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00477-00304092-00304578 Is everybody. Interesting. Yeah, but he seems like one that would fit in growth, maturity in decline. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00478-00304827-00306420 If you will, what they can do here is we don't have some of these metrics already defined somewhere so I can, I can try to look for those definitions and try to produce some small paragraph for each of them. That means we have all of the time to x. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00479-00306498-00306531 Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00480-00306615-00307185 So that's why don't you create. Let's give you the action item to create an issue for it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00481-00307227-00307716 With a link to a Google Doc, where you can start developing that and then we can RdXlIaS2Mcy-00482-00307884-00308115 And then we can start collaborating on it. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00483-00308166-00308445 Okay, that does that work. That's kind of what we RdXlIaS2Mcy-00484-00308445-00308613 Did with the other. Okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00485-00308619-00308904 Yep, yep. You told me the the process. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00486-00309009-00309510 That we are following. So this is the perfect right I open a ticket and then a reference a Google Doc. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00487-00309567-00309600 Yeah. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00488-00309615-00309660 Well, okay. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00489-00309678-00310221 So is this about is this about giving details to the metric or is this about adding a new metric RdXlIaS2Mcy-00490-00310344-00310560 So my idea was, oh sorry, go ahead. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00491-00310605-00310668 Oh no, go ahead. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00492-00310803-00310998 Some idea was to add both basically RdXlIaS2Mcy-00493-00311031-00311889 Okay, because I think if I'm I'll put something in here. Yeah, if you're adding detail to an existing metric RdXlIaS2Mcy-00494-00311916-00311955 Mm hmm. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00495-00312138-00312396 I just, I put one here. I mean this is just the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00496-00312498-00312612 For closed issues. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00497-00312723-00313029 But there's a template that we use to provide detail. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00498-00313290-00314082 Yeah, where Sean's going to put together a template for that. But I think the first step is figuring out which which metrics fit in those RdXlIaS2Mcy-00499-00314097-00314508 Are today mean and then we can use the template to put put in the details. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00500-00314523-00314613 Okay, no problem. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00501-00314658-00314934 Yeah, but I think the, the first step is to at least RdXlIaS2Mcy-00502-00314952-00315339 To even figure out which of the metrics in this big list. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00503-00315342-00316191 Here fall into that kind of response time because there are like, Oh, here's another one percentile distribution. The first response time RdXlIaS2Mcy-00504-00316428-00317670 So there are a bunch of them in here that relate to that that we need to at least figure out what the scope of it is, and for the ones that Daniels already has some definition on we can start with that and then put that into the template later. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00505-00317847-00317916 That makes sense. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00506-00318093-00319596 So before you run out of time. I wanted to pose the question and what we can offer people couldn't like this meeting to participate. Is there something you want to discuss on the mailing list is the RdXlIaS2Mcy-00507-00319755-00320082 action items we would like people to pick up the shoes to address. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00508-00320619-00321477 I would say, I mean, if there are any metrics in this list that haven't been haven't been defined the somebody wants to pick up or if they want to. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00509-00321630-00322890 Collaborate with us on some of the organizational diversity stuff or once Daniel gets the pull request and or not, the pull request issue and the the doc. People can start collaborating on that as well. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00510-00323283-00323964 I mean, at this point, we're just sort of getting organized so it's there aren't any things that are like super tangible like someone could go off and do this. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00511-00324165-00324804 I think we'll have those soon. So once we once we get a little bit organized around the organizational diversity. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00512-00324849-00325941 I think we can start sort of farming those out like we have with the DNI working group and sort of just give those two people to to start defining once you have the template and everything. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00513-00326142-00326448 Okay, I have another meeting in one minute, so I RdXlIaS2Mcy-00514-00326511-00326724 I definitely need to drop RdXlIaS2Mcy-00515-00326814-00326973 Well, we are at the end of time. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00516-00327036-00327402 Exactly. I must stop sharing. Thanks everybody. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00517-00327426-00327456 Bye. RdXlIaS2Mcy-00518-00327558-00327588 Bye. RfhmPCznetQ-00000-00000084-00000362 Let's take just a moment to talk about how we do RfhmPCznetQ-00001-00000362-00000608 arithmetic with mixed numbers. RfhmPCznetQ-00002-00000758-00001036 Don't do arithmetic with mixed numbers. RfhmPCznetQ-00003-00001068-00001352 Mixed numbers are very convenient for counting RfhmPCznetQ-00004-00001352-00001478 things out. RfhmPCznetQ-00005-00001536-00001852 They are very inconvenient for arithmetic. RfhmPCznetQ-00006-00001904-00002064 What do we do instead? RfhmPCznetQ-00007-00002136-00002520 We rewrite our mixed numbers as improper fractions. RfhmPCznetQ-00008-00002520-00002853 We do our arithmetic and then we convert RfhmPCznetQ-00009-00002853-00003027 back to a mixed number. RfhmPCznetQ-00010-00003228-00003834 So, for example, if we wanted to multiply RfhmPCznetQ-00011-00003894-00004484 one and two-thirds, times two and a half, RfhmPCznetQ-00012-00004794-00005328 we would convert to improper fractions, right? RfhmPCznetQ-00013-00005328-00005818 One is three-thirds plus two, that's five-thirds. RfhmPCznetQ-00014-00005916-00006058 Two and a half. RfhmPCznetQ-00015-00006092-00006522 Two is four-halves plus one is five-halves. RfhmPCznetQ-00016-00006726-00006912 We do our arithmetic. RfhmPCznetQ-00017-00006912-00007295 Multiplying fractions, so multiply the numerators. RfhmPCznetQ-00018-00007384-00007620 Multiply the denominators. RfhmPCznetQ-00019-00007688-00007972 And then convert back to a mixed number. RfhmPCznetQ-00020-00007972-00008188 We need to do division for that. RfhmPCznetQ-00021-00008510-00008842 Six goes into twenty-five four times. RfhmPCznetQ-00022-00009204-00009952 So, we have four whole things and one-sixth. RfhmPCznetQ-00023-00010238-00010490 We could also do our mixed number arithmetic RfhmPCznetQ-00024-00010490-00010622 on the calculator. RfhmPCznetQ-00025-00010752-00011258 We could say, making sure that our mixed number RfhmPCznetQ-00026-00011259-00011661 is in parentheses and thinking carefully about what RfhmPCznetQ-00027-00011661-00012089 the mixed number means, one and two-thirds RfhmPCznetQ-00028-00012089-00012505 is one plus two-thirds. RfhmPCznetQ-00029-00012766-00013262 Two and a half is two plus one-half. RfhmPCznetQ-00030-00013640-00013897 We'll give our answer first as a fraction. RfhmPCznetQ-00031-00013930-00014463 That gives us the twenty-five sixths. RfhmPCznetQ-00032-00014813-00014958 Um, hmm. RfhmPCznetQ-00033-00014958-00015247 Well, let's give that as a decimal so we can see RfhmPCznetQ-00034-00015247-00015444 what the whole number part is. RfhmPCznetQ-00035-00015554-00015888 And then, what did we do again? RfhmPCznetQ-00036-00015950-00016824 We want numbers - ah, fPart. RfhmPCznetQ-00037-00016918-00017112 And to get that number in, RfhmPCznetQ-00038-00017206-00017544 second and the negative sign for answer. RfhmPCznetQ-00039-00017952-00018200 And then we convert just the fraction part RfhmPCznetQ-00040-00018201-00018327 to a fraction. RfhmPCznetQ-00041-00018354-00018728 Four and one-sixth. RfhmPCznetQ-00042-00018790-00018964 And that's all there is to it. RfhmPCznetQ-00043-00019040-00019302 If we don't have any particular reason for wanting RfhmPCznetQ-00044-00019303-00019570 a mixed number, we could also just leave RfhmPCznetQ-00045-00019570-00019874 our answer as twenty-five sixths. RfjDu2dbtPI-00000-00000096-00001872 Benin Morocco Cape Verde Ivory Coast Senegal Kenya Liberia Cameroon Malawi Ghana Rwanda Western RfjDu2dbtPI-00001-00001872-00003360 Sahara Central African Republic Seychelles Egypt Namibia Mauritania Zimbabwe Zambia Lesotho Sierra RfjDu2dbtPI-00002-00003360-00004782 Leone Sao Tome and Principe Burkina Faso Comoros Somalia Algeria Chad Sudan Botswana Guinea-Bissau RfjDu2dbtPI-00003-00004782-00006036 Angola Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Mali Eswatini Niger Tanzania RfjDu2dbtPI-00004-00006138-00007445 Eritrea Togo South Sudan Uganda Gabon Madagascar Nigeria Mozambique Mauritius RfjDu2dbtPI-00005-00007530-00008886 Guinea Ethiopia South Africa Djibouti Libya Republic of the Congo Gambia Tunisia Burundi RhchFT65hO0-00000-00000000-00000200 rain RhchFT65hO0-00001-00000200-00000400 rain sounds RhchFT65hO0-00002-00000400-00000600 relaxation RhchFT65hO0-00003-00000600-00000800 relaxing music RhchFT65hO0-00004-00000800-00001000 sleep music RhchFT65hO0-00005-00001000-00001200 stress relief RhchFT65hO0-00006-00001200-00001400 rainstorm RhchFT65hO0-00007-00001400-00001600 whitenoise RhchFT65hO0-00008-00001600-00001800 white noise RhchFT65hO0-00009-00001800-00002082 thunderstorm RhchFT65hO0-00010-00002082-00002200 water RhchFT65hO0-00011-00002200-00002400 nature sounds RhchFT65hO0-00012-00002400-00002600 focus RhchFT65hO0-00013-00002600-00002800 meditation music RhchFT65hO0-00014-00002800-00003000 peaceful music RhchFT65hO0-00015-00003000-00003200 study RhchFT65hO0-00016-00003200-00003400 sleeping RiTRrd8p5eu-00000-00000000-00000403 Gomi has caught the frog~ RiTRrd8p5eu-00001-00049003-00049403 I removed the frog from eating and sent it ^^ Rkce2NqVhvk-00000-00000434-00000484 music Rkce2NqVhvk-00001-00000940-00001446 Hey Kiss Hair Don't Care back at it again with another video Rkce2NqVhvk-00002-00001540-00001814 Like share comment subscribe Rkce2NqVhvk-00003-00001912-00002012 Music SoHUW8laVNA-00000-00002054-00002254 BROTHER'S STORY SEASON 3 SoHUW8laVNA-00001-00004200-00004400 EP.1: HOW TO CELEBRATE TET AT HOME SoHUW8laVNA-00002-00004500-00004700 Hey, bro! SoHUW8laVNA-00003-00004769-00005266 Every time you see me, nothing will settle down. Did you meet me here, what happened? SoHUW8laVNA-00004-00005327-00005556 Oh my god, I think I'm telling you the truth... SoHUW8laVNA-00005-00005893-00006093 ...do you know now that Tet is coming? SoHUW8laVNA-00006-00006177-00006377 Well, these days I don't know... SoHUW8laVNA-00007-00006426-00006736 Tet is coming and I have not prepared anything yet. SoHUW8laVNA-00008-00006818-00007018 So that's what it is. SoHUW8laVNA-00009-00007148-00007470 That's why I'm like that! SoHUW8laVNA-00010-00007473-00008206 Now you can listen to me sing a rap song about Tet holiday, but not a crap rap! Now ready to listen! SoHUW8laVNA-00011-00008411-00008930 Rap chill Tet (light version Composed and performed: Son Lim SoHUW8laVNA-00012-00020540-00021093 There! And now you hear me tell you all about this rap? SoHUW8laVNA-00013-00021199-00021803 Hazz, I'm telling the truth, I don't understand anything after listening to your rap. SoHUW8laVNA-00014-00022115-00022830 Hazz, I'm serious, every time I finish rapping, even everyone won't understand what's going on. SoHUW8laVNA-00015-00022873-00023180 Well, now let me make it clear! SoHUW8laVNA-00016-00023330-00023753 It's a new year and you don't know what to do. Now you can... SoHUW8laVNA-00017-00023902-00024040 ...you can... SoHUW8laVNA-00018-00024091-00024410 ...you can have to do some trends at home, SoHUW8laVNA-00019-00024454-00025010 or you and your parents gather around a pot of banh tet and banh chung. SoHUW8laVNA-00020-00025033-00025233 That's why it's called Tet! SoHUW8laVNA-00021-00025292-00025492 Um, so Tet... AND WHERE IS THE LUCKY MONEY? SoHUW8laVNA-00022-00025545-00025745 Well, the thing about lucky money this year... SoHUW8laVNA-00023-00025810-00026313 ...this year's show is over, so there's no lucky money this year! SoHUW8laVNA-00024-00026362-00026416 YOU LITTLE DIRT BOY!!!!! SoHUW8laVNA-00025-00032200-00032336 Hey, Lim! SoHUW8laVNA-00026-00032358-00032558 What's up, man? I said the video is over, bro! SoHUW8laVNA-00027-00032639-00032839 We're out! SoHUW8laVNA-00028-00032865-00032946 Is it over? SoHUW8laVNA-00029-00032979-00033253 It's over, Lim! SoHUW8laVNA-00030-00033290-00033490 FINALLY WHAT WE OUT? SoHUW8laVNA-00031-00033523-00033650 End of episode 1! SoHUW8laVNA-00032-00033672-00033903 You're trolled, son! SoHUW8laVNA-00033-00033952-00034036 What the... SoHUW8laVNA-00034-00034056-00034373 Well, you're right, episode one is over, you're right, you're not fooling me S1P0wSlz0lc-00000-00001315-00001516 PATTY HARTWICK: The most important advice S1P0wSlz0lc-00001-00001516-00001810 I would give colleagues thinking of teaching in this space, S1P0wSlz0lc-00002-00001810-00002162 and actually something I should listen to myself, S1P0wSlz0lc-00003-00002162-00002467 should I teach there again, is, you really S1P0wSlz0lc-00004-00002467-00002785 need to go in there with a concrete task, S1P0wSlz0lc-00005-00002785-00003166 and with somebody who knows the technology, and maybe S1P0wSlz0lc-00006-00003166-00003261 another teacher. S1P0wSlz0lc-00007-00003261-00003547 And you need to just do some-- S1P0wSlz0lc-00008-00003547-00003649 play with it. S1P0wSlz0lc-00009-00003649-00004033 But you have to be unhurried. S1P0wSlz0lc-00010-00004033-00004264 The technology needs to be working. S1P0wSlz0lc-00011-00004264-00004636 And you need somebody that knows the technology and somebody S1P0wSlz0lc-00012-00004636-00004993 that knows the pedagogy, and what the expected outcomes are. S1P0wSlz0lc-00013-00004993-00005404 So that's really what I tried to do the first term. S1P0wSlz0lc-00014-00005404-00005620 But the technology wasn't working, at the time, S1P0wSlz0lc-00015-00005620-00005890 because the classroom wasn't officially open yet. S1P0wSlz0lc-00016-00005890-00006076 And then I never went back to do that S1P0wSlz0lc-00017-00006076-00006319 and I regretted that the whole term. S1P0wSlz0lc-00018-00006319-00006673 But I never made the time to go back and do that. S1P0wSlz0lc-00019-00006673-00007258 So really practicing the task, and with other teachers S1P0wSlz0lc-00020-00007258-00007544 would be ideal, because maybe they could say, S1P0wSlz0lc-00021-00007544-00007777 oh you should try this, or I tried this S1P0wSlz0lc-00022-00007777-00007898 and it worked really well. S1P0wSlz0lc-00023-00007898-00008155 So I think there are so many different things S1P0wSlz0lc-00024-00008155-00008257 you can do in there. S1P0wSlz0lc-00025-00008257-00008537 And I know I was only just scratching the surface. S1P0wSlz0lc-00026-00008537-00008683 MICHAEL MAC NEIL: The advice that I S1P0wSlz0lc-00027-00008683-00008905 would give to colleagues, first of all, S1P0wSlz0lc-00028-00008905-00009259 is get to know the technology. S1P0wSlz0lc-00029-00009259-00010007 There's a lot of technical gadgets in the classroom. S1P0wSlz0lc-00030-00010007-00010414 And if you are not fully familiar with them S1P0wSlz0lc-00031-00010414-00010645 you're going to feel a little bit intimidated. S1P0wSlz0lc-00032-00010645-00010985 You may not use as much as you would otherwise. S1P0wSlz0lc-00033-00010985-00011296 So getting to know them in advance S1P0wSlz0lc-00034-00011296-00011837 is, I think, a really important thing to do. S1P0wSlz0lc-00035-00011837-00012181 The other thing is, I think it's a good idea S1P0wSlz0lc-00036-00012181-00012343 to ask the students how they would S1P0wSlz0lc-00037-00012343-00012550 like to use the classroom. S1P0wSlz0lc-00038-00012550-00012922 So get them involved and thinking about things that they S1P0wSlz0lc-00039-00012922-00013090 might want to do in the class. S1P0wSlz0lc-00040-00014006-00014346 BRUCE TSUJI: If I had to give any advice to my colleagues S1P0wSlz0lc-00041-00014346-00014702 there'd be a couple of points, unfortunately. S1P0wSlz0lc-00042-00014702-00014951 Unfortunately, one of the key pieces of advice S1P0wSlz0lc-00043-00014951-00015372 is to ignore the technology that's in there. S1P0wSlz0lc-00044-00015372-00015860 I found, personally, that the technology that S1P0wSlz0lc-00045-00015860-00016211 was equipped in that particular classroom, S1P0wSlz0lc-00046-00016211-00016605 tended to get in the way, rather than enhance S1P0wSlz0lc-00047-00016605-00017048 any of the teaching and learning that went on in that classroom. S1P0wSlz0lc-00048-00017048-00017285 A couple of simple examples. S1P0wSlz0lc-00049-00017285-00017642 It seemed like over the course of the semester S1P0wSlz0lc-00050-00017642-00018255 the smart board worked less than it didn't work. S1P0wSlz0lc-00051-00018255-00018401 So in other words, most of the time S1P0wSlz0lc-00052-00018401-00018617 it didn't seem to be operating correctly. S1P0wSlz0lc-00053-00018617-00019238 When it was operating correctly, often me or one of my students S1P0wSlz0lc-00054-00019238-00019574 would be displaying some PowerPoint on it, S1P0wSlz0lc-00055-00019574-00019910 and to try to expand on a point, they would place their hand S1P0wSlz0lc-00056-00019910-00020019 on the board. S1P0wSlz0lc-00057-00020019-00020178 And then what would happen, of course, S1P0wSlz0lc-00058-00020178-00020411 is the PowerPoint would advance. S1P0wSlz0lc-00059-00020411-00020695 Exactly the opposite of what was desired. S1P0wSlz0lc-00060-00020695-00020837 JEFF MANTHORPE: I think the advice S1P0wSlz0lc-00061-00020837-00021428 I would give to people teaching in Tory 431 S1P0wSlz0lc-00062-00021428-00021821 that is a little bit different about that room S1P0wSlz0lc-00063-00021821-00022754 is that it is a bit of a different dimension from what S1P0wSlz0lc-00064-00022754-00022958 you are used to teaching in. S1P0wSlz0lc-00065-00022958-00023471 Most classrooms are relatively narrow and deep. S1P0wSlz0lc-00066-00023471-00023984 Tory 431 is relatively shallow and very broad. S1P0wSlz0lc-00067-00023984-00024596 So if you tend to be a person who is relatively wooden S1P0wSlz0lc-00068-00024596-00025661 and stay close to the computer, and desk, and lectern area, S1P0wSlz0lc-00069-00025661-00025927 I would encourage you to get away from that. S1P0wSlz0lc-00070-00025927-00026423 And even if you're doing relatively standard type S1P0wSlz0lc-00071-00026423-00027064 lecture delivery in your course, in that room, S1P0wSlz0lc-00072-00027064-00027889 be much more mobile and move around to engage the students, S1P0wSlz0lc-00073-00027889-00028442 because the students who are on the right and left side S1P0wSlz0lc-00074-00028442-00028910 of the room are really out of your periphery. S1P0wSlz0lc-00075-00028910-00029381 And so you need to move around, and look around to really draw S1P0wSlz0lc-00076-00029381-00029537 them in, and keep them engaged. S1P0wSlz0lc-00077-00029537-00029717 PETRA WATZLAWIK-LI: Well, this kind of room S1P0wSlz0lc-00078-00029717-00030101 is really beneficial if you're trying to get students engaged, S1P0wSlz0lc-00079-00030101-00030535 and to get them to talk to each other, talk with the professor, S1P0wSlz0lc-00080-00030535-00030718 and not just listen. S1P0wSlz0lc-00081-00030718-00031052 So if it's just a lecture class, this room S1P0wSlz0lc-00082-00031052-00031270 is not going to enhance it really, S1P0wSlz0lc-00083-00031270-00031562 because if you're the one doing all the talking, S1P0wSlz0lc-00084-00031562-00031817 and they're just looking at you, it actually might not S1P0wSlz0lc-00085-00031817-00032147 be a great situation, because sometimes their backs are S1P0wSlz0lc-00086-00032147-00032339 towards that part of the room. S1P0wSlz0lc-00087-00032339-00032552 So if somebody wants to use this room it's S1P0wSlz0lc-00088-00032552-00032726 because they want to get students S1P0wSlz0lc-00089-00032726-00033104 engaged with each other, with the material, S1P0wSlz0lc-00090-00033104-00033269 with the professor. S1P0wSlz0lc-00091-00033269-00033680 And really, it becomes communication and talking S1P0wSlz0lc-00092-00033680-00033830 about the information that you're S1P0wSlz0lc-00093-00033830-00034153 trying to get people to learn. S2uanPMcUBU-00000-00000000-00000200 Grafting Lemon Trees S2LaOTfNbO8-00000-00000000-00000333 There's not a lot of entrepreneurs that talk about their faith and S2LaOTfNbO8-00001-00000333-00000702 that's what first, when I when I first looked into your stuff that's what drew me S2LaOTfNbO8-00002-00000702-00001071 into you. I'm like, "Man, I like how he's not afraid to speak about it." It's S2LaOTfNbO8-00003-00001071-00001559 interesting this whole social media. I mean I went all in two years ago but S2LaOTfNbO8-00004-00001559-00001926 there was a period of time, I'd just gone all in on social media. I was kind of in S2LaOTfNbO8-00005-00001926-00002331 a weird place business-wise. There was a lot of uncertainty. A lot of chaos. Stuff S2LaOTfNbO8-00006-00002331-00002763 going on. And trying to figure out, like back when we talked about you know, is S2LaOTfNbO8-00007-00002763-00003248 insurance my passion? That was when I was really tormented by that. Like am I, is S2LaOTfNbO8-00008-00003248-00003528 this what I'm supposed to be doing for the rest of my life? Like be in the insurance business? S2LaOTfNbO8-00009-00003794-00004304 One Friday, I was leaving my office. I was driving up to Asheville, North Carolina. S2LaOTfNbO8-00010-00004304-00004530 My wife was up there. It's where her S2LaOTfNbO8-00011-00004530-00004827 family is. She had gone up earlier that day and we're going to grill out with her S2LaOTfNbO8-00012-00004827-00005310 family that night. Got done with my day and headed up the road to Asheville, S2LaOTfNbO8-00013-00005310-00005682 North Carolina from Greenville, South Carolina. And in order to do that you S2LaOTfNbO8-00014-00005682-00006150 have to basically go you know up a mountain. I go through this part of the S2LaOTfNbO8-00015-00006150-00006528 mountains where I always loose service. And it was around that time that I just S2LaOTfNbO8-00016-00006528-00006936 had been in this place in my life where I just couldn't figure out what I was S2LaOTfNbO8-00017-00006936-00007322 really supposed to be doing. I own an insurance agency and we're having S2LaOTfNbO8-00018-00007322-00007631 all this success and I started documenting my life on social media six S2LaOTfNbO8-00019-00007631-00007970 months prior but things hadn't really picked up with momentum and that it's S2LaOTfNbO8-00020-00007970-00008304 it's just that beginning phase and just trying to figure out like what was I S2LaOTfNbO8-00021-00008304-00008595 what am I supposed to do what am I born to do? And there was kind of just a S2LaOTfNbO8-00022-00008595-00009329 heavy just kind of just a heavy heavy period of time for me. And I remember as S2LaOTfNbO8-00023-00009329-00010146 I was driving down the road I began to pray. And not just a, you know, a S2LaOTfNbO8-00024-00010146-00010785 prayer like you would do before a quick meal. But was just crying and very S2LaOTfNbO8-00025-00010785-00011367 emotional and praying out loud and just asking God to to tell me what it is S2LaOTfNbO8-00026-00011367-00011747 that I'm supposed to be doing. Like I need you to tell me I need you to show S2LaOTfNbO8-00027-00011747-00012060 me what I'm supposed to be doing because I feel like I'm doing some of the right S2LaOTfNbO8-00028-00012060-00012561 things but I just I need to feel like this is what I'm meant to do what you've S2LaOTfNbO8-00029-00012561-00013002 meant for me to do. And so I need you to show me right now. I need you to tell me S2LaOTfNbO8-00030-00013002-00013463 right now. What am I supposed to be doing? And so S2LaOTfNbO8-00031-00013463-00013769 right about that time was when I was coming back on the other side of the S2LaOTfNbO8-00032-00013769-00014240 mountain getting closer to Asheville when I got service back. And I'd been S2LaOTfNbO8-00033-00014240-00014846 texting with my wife as I was going up the road; not that that's a good thing to do: S2LaOTfNbO8-00034-00014846-00015335 texting and driving. But that's what I was doing and she had had a long day as S2LaOTfNbO8-00035-00015335-00015836 well with our daughter. I think our daughter was kind of being uh not easy S2LaOTfNbO8-00036-00015836-00016372 to handle that day. And this was back when I still drank and so I was asking S2LaOTfNbO8-00037-00016372-00016667 her you know we were going to be grilling out that night with her family. I asked S2LaOTfNbO8-00038-00016667-00017267 her if I should stop and pick up some beer on the way. And she said, "Sure.," And I S2LaOTfNbO8-00039-00017267-00017708 said, "Or beer and tequila?" Because you know her day had been as difficult as S2LaOTfNbO8-00040-00017708-00018110 mine. Maybe it would take a little bit something stronger that evening to calm S2LaOTfNbO8-00041-00018110-00018557 the nerves. And so that was the last question I had asked her before had lost S2LaOTfNbO8-00042-00018557-00018932 service. I said, "Or beer and tequila?" And right as I said that I came on the other S2LaOTfNbO8-00043-00018932-00019316 side of the mountain and got service back. My phone vibrated in my lap at that S2LaOTfNbO8-00044-00019316-00019616 very second and I picked it up and there's a text from my wife and said S2LaOTfNbO8-00045-00019616-00020075 "preach." And so as I'm asking God what do you what do you want? What am I supposed S2LaOTfNbO8-00046-00020075-00020657 to be doing with my life? He said, "Preach." I can remember looking at that text and S2LaOTfNbO8-00047-00020657-00020806 just thinking S2LaOTfNbO8-00048-00020960-00021610 "Come again?" This doesn't make any any sense whatsoever. And what I realized S2LaOTfNbO8-00049-00021610-00022182 over the next year was that it didn't say be a preacher. It said, "Preach." and S2LaOTfNbO8-00050-00022182-00022740 you can preach from any platform. Social media being one of the absolute best. And S2LaOTfNbO8-00051-00022740-00023300 my style being that of, you know, the entrepreneur, influencer, but that there's S2LaOTfNbO8-00052-00023300-00023723 something different. And slowly over time being able to put these messages S2LaOTfNbO8-00053-00023723-00024046 out there to where I can take someone, kind of like with Mosaic (Church), where it's not S2LaOTfNbO8-00054-00024046-00024412 in-your-face. Like "Do you know where you're going when you die?" But slowly S2LaOTfNbO8-00055-00024412-00024634 over time like, "There's something different about that guy." "What is it S2LaOTfNbO8-00056-00024634-00024953 about that guy?" And all of a sudden they see these little things that are kind of S2LaOTfNbO8-00057-00024953-00025370 faith-based or faith related and they're like, "Huh he goes to church?" "Huh. S2LaOTfNbO8-00058-00025370-00025793 He's posting this stuff?" Then slowly over time being able to, you know, really S2LaOTfNbO8-00059-00025793-00026327 change people. And so isn't it interesting that as I sit here today and S2LaOTfNbO8-00060-00026327-00027080 having just gotten back from Nicaragua, where I was able to literally preach to S2LaOTfNbO8-00061-00027080-00027602 you know a couple of hundred Nicaraguans and in this small barrio S2LaOTfNbO8-00062-00027602-00028451 church. And kind of have this come full circle this moment two years ago. It goes S2LaOTfNbO8-00063-00028451-00029213 to show that when you ask for something, when you ask for the answer, that you S2LaOTfNbO8-00064-00029213-00029764 have to be willing to not only listen, to be able to hear that answer, but then S2LaOTfNbO8-00065-00029764-00030326 also to put in the work and execute on what that answer is telling you to do. S2LaOTfNbO8-00066-00030326-00030978 And what that answer is guiding you. What direction that answer is guiding you in. S5arWBG9tCY-00000-00000600-00002098 She is recognisable for her long corkscrew curls in her glossy fashion photoshoots, with her most recent triumph being her LOVE calendar debut. S5arWBG9tCY-00001-00002248-00003758 But Winnie Harlow, 23, was keen to show off her latest look in a series of glamorous posts on Wednesday after she seemingly cut off her luscious locks. S5arWBG9tCY-00002-00003908-00005471 Quite the social media sensation with 2,800,000 followers on , the catwalk model her edgy pixie cut to fans in a slew of stunning pictures. S5arWBG9tCY-00003-00005621-00007148 Scroll down for video The short hairdo best showcased Winnie's striking model looks, which she accentuated with heavy eyeliner and a nude slick of lipstick. S5arWBG9tCY-00004-00007298-00008696 Fashionista Winnie treated fans to a cheeky glimpse of her toned tummy as she hiked up her cream turtleneck jumper to expose some serious skin. S5arWBG9tCY-00005-00008846-00010152 The style maven also slipped her svelte figure into a black faux fur coat, teamed with jeans and boots for her fashionable parade. S5arWBG9tCY-00006-00010302-00011596 A handful of her 2,800,000 fans posed the question of whether Winnie was wearing a wig cut in a pixie style. S5arWBG9tCY-00007-00011746-00014194 Leading the way, one fan wrote: 'I've somehow never been a big fan of short hair but everytime I see you with this hairdo I wanna run to the nearest scissors and chop my hair off!✂️ (obviously I will not run with scissors, that's dangerous) Long story short; you're rocking this look!' S5arWBG9tCY-00008-00014344-00015971 Another remarked: 'Is that your natural hair or a custom wig? It really is becoming on your face. It's making me consider changing from natural to relaxer.' S5arWBG9tCY-00009-00016121-00017852 It is not the first time Winnie has rocked a pixie cut this year as she made the cut during the Cannes Film Festival 2017 in May 2017 before growing back her locks in the winter months. S5arWBG9tCY-00010-00018002-00019162 The stunning beauty made her debut in the hotly anticipated LOVE calendar released in the lead up to Christmas. S5arWBG9tCY-00011-00019312-00021458 Of the opportunity, Winnie said: 'This is my first year shooting the love advent calendar. I probably watched every video from last year's calendar just wishing that I could be a part of it and admiring the sexiness of each girl casted.(sic) S5arWBG9tCY-00012-00021608-00023685 'When I got the call to do it this year I screamed. It was so surreal to be shooting it! I told everyone on set to forgive me if I was acting different on set because I really wanted to fully submerge myself into this sex pot character.' S5arWBG9tCY-00013-00023835-00025161 Revealing she relied upon a touch of Dutch courage to get into her character, Winnie said she felt like Britney Spears during filming. S5arWBG9tCY-00014-00025311-00026644 'I requested a bit of tequila so i could get more limber and we killed it. I felt like I was in my very own music video.' S65ZY26Kbp0-00000-00000006-00000535 It’s the time of the year again that all kinds of local audio shows are organised all S65ZY26Kbp0-00001-00000535-00000714 over the world. S65ZY26Kbp0-00002-00000714-00001342 In my country we have the Dutch Audio Event, the successor of earlier shows at the same S65ZY26Kbp0-00003-00001342-00001727 venue, De Koningshof in Veldhoven. S65ZY26Kbp0-00004-00001727-00002474 The organisers have made it to a very successful show, having 66 exhibitors in a total of 62 S65ZY26Kbp0-00005-00002474-00002645 conference rooms. S65ZY26Kbp0-00006-00002645-00002993 Almost 50% more than last year! S65ZY26Kbp0-00007-00002993-00003640 And there is live music by Cousin Hatfield and Ensemble Ferme Celli in the auditorium. S65ZY26Kbp0-00008-00003640-00004214 Furthermore there will be a presentation by Grimm Audio’s Eelco Grimm and Guido Tent S65ZY26Kbp0-00009-00004214-00004877 while I will do a presentation on the different sorts of network players there are. S65ZY26Kbp0-00010-00004877-00005346 The great thing is that both presentations will be in the auditorium too. S65ZY26Kbp0-00011-00005346-00005837 In previous year presentations had to take place in a limited space, limiting the number S65ZY26Kbp0-00012-00005837-00006209 of people able to comfortably follow the presentations. S65ZY26Kbp0-00013-00006209-00006854 Due the success of the show it was now feasible to hire the Auditorium, which makes me - and S65ZY26Kbp0-00014-00006854-00007229 hopefully you - very happy, as you will understand. S65ZY26Kbp0-00015-00007229-00007661 This year I will go into the different kinds of solutions there are for streaming quality S65ZY26Kbp0-00016-00007661-00008007 audio over the network. S65ZY26Kbp0-00017-00008007-00008782 And there are more reasons to visit the show: Talking about speakers, DALI will demo their S65ZY26Kbp0-00018-00008782-00009464 price-no-object loudspeaker, the Kore, B&W their new 700 series, Klipsch the Reference S65ZY26Kbp0-00019-00009464-00010320 Premiere speakers, Yamaha the NS200A speakers and PMC their top Fact model, the Fenestria. S65ZY26Kbp0-00020-00010320-00010872 The latter will be demoed on the Halcro mono power amps and the new MolaMola Lupo phono S65ZY26Kbp0-00021-00010872-00010996 stage. S65ZY26Kbp0-00022-00010996-00011643 Talking of MolaMola, Bruno Putzeys will be present at the Kii Audio booth, Peter Lyngdorf S65ZY26Kbp0-00023-00011643-00012107 at the Steinway Lyngdorf booth and Mark Raggett at the Latham Audio booth. S65ZY26Kbp0-00024-00012107-00012978 QAudio brings Sveinung Male, Norma Audio Nico Rosi, Avantgarde Armin Krauss, AVM Peter Gabriel S65ZY26Kbp0-00025-00012978-00013243 and Audio Note Martin Grennel. S65ZY26Kbp0-00026-00013243-00013478 And then I’m only half way the long list. S65ZY26Kbp0-00027-00013478-00014016 A clear indication that the international High-End industry takes the Dutch Audio Event S65ZY26Kbp0-00028-00014016-00014116 seriously. S65ZY26Kbp0-00029-00014116-00014734 And in contrast to some regional shows people from outside The Netherlands are welcomed. S65ZY26Kbp0-00030-00014734-00015034 Everyone speaks at least Dutch and English. S65ZY26Kbp0-00031-00015034-00015362 By the way, my presentation will be in Dutch. S65ZY26Kbp0-00032-00015362-00015423 Hope to see you there. S6R3UwqKo4u-00000-00000000-00000506 Hi I'm Ben Conniff and I'm the president of Luke's Lobster. Right now I'm going to S6R3UwqKo4u-00001-00000506-00000849 show you how to break down a whole steamed lobster. S6R3UwqKo4u-00002-00000849-00001275 So the first thing we're going to do is pull off the claws to get these claws S6R3UwqKo4u-00003-00001275-00001371 off. S6R3UwqKo4u-00004-00001371-00002039 You just want to basically grab and pull them this way and they'll just come right S6R3UwqKo4u-00005-00002039-00002115 off. S6R3UwqKo4u-00006-00002115-00002527 Now we're going to pull off the tail. The easiest way to break this tail off: S6R3UwqKo4u-00007-00002528-00002922 One hand on the body, one hand on the tail, and just twist in opposite directions S6R3UwqKo4u-00008-00002922-00003519 like so, and again it just breaks off, nice and easy. S6R3UwqKo4u-00009-00003588-00003911 i'm going to show you how to break into each of these claws and knuckles to get S6R3UwqKo4u-00010-00003911-00004236 the meat out. So there's a piece of cartilage right in the fattest part of S6R3UwqKo4u-00011-00004236-00004326 the claw. S6R3UwqKo4u-00012-00004326-00004695 It's connected to this thumb. And what we're hoping to do is pull that S6R3UwqKo4u-00013-00004695-00004995 cartilage out without disrupting the meat. S6R3UwqKo4u-00014-00005048-00005418 So, the best way to do that is to pull the thumb back like this... S6R3UwqKo4u-00015-00005475-00005868 very slowly...and then just S6R3UwqKo4u-00016-00006063-00006486 slowly work it out...and there it comes. S6R3UwqKo4u-00017-00006778-00007144 Now you're going to remove the knuckles S6R3UwqKo4u-00018-00007262-00007562 and then we want to crack into this S6R3UwqKo4u-00019-00007758-00008370 using your standard lobster cracker, or if you don't have that, a rock or a hammer or S6R3UwqKo4u-00020-00008370-00008925 anything you can find. We're going to crack it in a few places to make it as easy as S6R3UwqKo4u-00021-00008925-00009405 possible. And now, just take it apart by hand. S6R3UwqKo4u-00022-00009456-00009756 Pull out some nice sizable chunks here. S6R3UwqKo4u-00023-00010260-00010560 Now we're going to go after the knuckle. S6R3UwqKo4u-00024-00010560-00010989 Crack it in a few places so that it's easy to break open S6R3UwqKo4u-00025-00011192-00011672 You want to be careful here, there are some spiky parts of these knuckles and S6R3UwqKo4u-00026-00011673-00011767 claws. S6R3UwqKo4u-00027-00011767-00012229 You don't want to cut yourself, so just keep an eye on what you're doing. And it's time to S6R3UwqKo4u-00028-00012229-00012375 return to the tail. S6R3UwqKo4u-00029-00012375-00013261 The easiest way to get it out is to pull off these fins and just put your thumb S6R3UwqKo4u-00030-00013261-00013572 right into the hole that you create by doing that. S6R3UwqKo4u-00031-00013572-00014428 Find the meat and just push on it. As you push, you will see the tail meat all come S6R3UwqKo4u-00032-00014428-00015040 out the other end, and there you go. You have a nice entire piece of S6R3UwqKo4u-00033-00015040-00015481 tail meat there. You can take each one of these individual legs off, S6R3UwqKo4u-00034-00015535-00016087 bite on it, and basically suck out meat as you go, all the way through all these S6R3UwqKo4u-00035-00016087-00016173 legs. S6R3UwqKo4u-00036-00016174-00016554 I recommend serving this with nothing more than a little bit of melted butter S6R3UwqKo4u-00037-00016554-00016779 with lemon squeezed into it. S6R3UwqKo4u-00038-00016779-00017079 Dip that lobster in, and go ahead and eat it. S6R3UwqKo4u-00039-00017143-00017745 There's a lot of other ways to use that meat, and our favorite obviously is to S6R3UwqKo4u-00040-00017745-00017923 make a lobster roll with the knuckle and claws. S6R3UwqKo4u-00042-00018210-00018603 Hey guys, I'm Nell Casey, the food editor at Gothamist. Thank you so much for watching. S6R3UwqKo4u-00043-00018603-00019008 Click to subscribe to our YouTube channel for more delectable videos and S6R3UwqKo4u-00044-00019008-00019308 let us know in the comments where in New York City you'd like to see us film next! S6R3UwqKo4u-00045-00019308-00019446 I'll catch y'all on the flip side. S9gO-1f1948-00000-00000024-00000520 Hey everybody, how's it going? My name is Mayuko and welcome back to my channel where we talk about S9gO-1f1948-00001-00000520-00001144 tech career and life. So today, again, we're going to talk about salary negotiations. So i posted a video S9gO-1f1948-00002-00001144-00001584 recently about Whether to Negotiate your Salary and so today we're going gonna follow up and talk S9gO-1f1948-00003-00001584-00002136 about how to exactly do that. And this is from my conversation that i had with Sarah, who is the Lead S9gO-1f1948-00004-00002136-00002744 Negotiator at levels.fyi. She was on Muko's Corner, my show about leading a life that feels more S9gO-1f1948-00005-00002744-00003296 you in both your life and tech career. Sarah, again, just has like, so much great information from her S9gO-1f1948-00006-00003296-00003840 time as a tech recruiter at Amazon, Facebook, and Google to talk about the do's and don'ts S9gO-1f1948-00007-00003840-00004368 about how to negotiate a salary. So the topics covered today will be like: how do you answer what S9gO-1f1948-00008-00004368-00004912 are your salary expectations, and exactly what medium is best for having these conversations. S9gO-1f1948-00009-00004912-00005408 And before we get started, i wanted to say thank you to the sponsor of today's video, Skillshare. As S9gO-1f1948-00010-00005408-00005920 we're kind of in the mood to like, learn new skills like how to negotiate your salary, Skillshare is S9gO-1f1948-00011-00005920-00006400 an incredible platform to learn a lot of great things. It's an online learning community for S9gO-1f1948-00012-00006400-00006880 creative and curious people where millions come together to take the next step in their creative S9gO-1f1948-00013-00006880-00007359 journey. Skillshare is curated specifically for learning, meaning there's no ads and they're S9gO-1f1948-00014-00007359-00007856 always launching new premium classes so you can stay focused and follow wherever your creativity S9gO-1f1948-00015-00007856-00008384 takes you. And it's less than ten dollars a month with an annual premium subscription. While we're S9gO-1f1948-00016-00008384-00008928 kind of on the topic of money, i found a really great course for how to build good money habits S9gO-1f1948-00017-00008928-00009448 Justin Bridges, who's a fashion photographer and former finance pro, made this course Modern Money S9gO-1f1948-00018-00009448-00009920 Habits: Five Steps to Build the Life You Want. The course includes gaining insight about your S9gO-1f1948-00019-00009920-00010464 current spending habits and then also identifying small changes that prevent debt and then creating S9gO-1f1948-00020-00010464-00010936 a realistic plan for retirement. And of course because i know you all are tech people, or curious S9gO-1f1948-00021-00010936-00011424 about tech, they have tons of great classes about coding as well. So check out Skillshare and the S9gO-1f1948-00022-00011424-00011952 first 1000 of my subscribers to click the link in the description will get a free trial of premium S9gO-1f1948-00023-00011952-00012496 membership so you can explore your creativity. Thanks again to Skillshare and now let's dive in. S9gO-1f1948-00024-00012496-00013152 Mayuko: Okay next i want to talk more about how do you actually negotiate. Specifically, i have a S9gO-1f1948-00025-00013152-00013647 lot of questions about this, but i guess like the first question that i had... i think this was one of S9gO-1f1948-00026-00013647-00014328 the questions that i really was curious about when we first started talking was: when a recruiter asks S9gO-1f1948-00027-00014328-00014872 you what are your salary expectations, what's the best way, what's the golden answer, S9gO-1f1948-00028-00014928-00015552 the do's and don'ts of how to respond to thatquestion? Sarah: Don't give them that number. Don't give S9gO-1f1948-00029-00015552-00016063 them that range, because like i said, the range is really large. You don't know where you land in S9gO-1f1948-00030-00016063-00016640 that compensation band and so i would recommend push back on that recruiter and ask: S9gO-1f1948-00031-00017000-00017248 and you don't have to answer anything S9gO-1f1948-00032-00017248-00017520 either. If you don't know the answer, just let them know, S9gO-1f1948-00033-00018240-00018608 And then, you know, usually recruiters are pretty respectful of that. S9gO-1f1948-00034-00018608-00019176 Another thing too is, if you're in the state of Washington or California as the candidate, when you S9gO-1f1948-00035-00019176-00019664 request for a compensation band, legally speaking they have to share the minimum wage with you S9gO-1f1948-00036-00019664-00020288 And recently with Denver too, they passed a law where for any employer, when they post a job description, S9gO-1f1948-00037-00020288-00020912 they have to mention like, the minimum salary range too. So the recruiter can push for it, the recruiter S9gO-1f1948-00038-00020912-00021424 can ask, there isn't anything in place that, you know, tells them that they can't ask, but as the S9gO-1f1948-00039-00021424-00022000 candidate you're not obligated to answer that question. Mayuko: that's reallygood to know. I think in the past, i recommended S9gO-1f1948-00040-00022000-00022712 to you, all my viewers, that you should say "i expect to be compensated competitively" which is fine, but S9gO-1f1948-00041-00022712-00023144 i think, instead, flipping the question to them, because as soon as you put out a number out S9gO-1f1948-00042-00023144-00023704 there, you basically might already be giving yourself away at a discount, which is great S9gO-1f1948-00043-00023704-00024064 for the company, because then they're like "wow we get someone at this caliber for this cheap, great! S9gO-1f1948-00044-00024064-00024440 let's just like keep going with their number!" when in fact, you're actually worth a lot more. S9gO-1f1948-00045-00024440-00024872 Sarah: Exactly, and it's just like, you know, once you give a number, the recruiter will hold you to it S9gO-1f1948-00046-00024872-00025560 So if you say 230k in total compensation, they will give you exactly that, like, nothing more, nothing S9gO-1f1948-00047-00025560-00026000 less. And let's say you start interviewing with another company, and they give you 300k. S9gO-1f1948-00048-00026000-00026520 You can't come back and be like, "well just kidding, like, now i want 300k". You know, now the recruiter S9gO-1f1948-00049-00026520-00027095 can say, "wow he came back, you know, and tell me the other competing offer, which means that he really S9gO-1f1948-00050-00027095-00027608 he or she really wants this position. I'm not gonna move the needle, and they will eventually cave and S9gO-1f1948-00051-00027608-00028152 it's the best offer. You know, if i'm a really aggressive recruiter, they'll do that. And then S9gO-1f1948-00052-00028152-00028757 another thing too, when they give you the range, don't say yes, don't say no. Let's say you flip itback on them and say S9gO-1f1948-00053-00029104-00029664 and let's say the recruiter tells you, "All right well the range is 100k-120k, how does S9gO-1f1948-00054-00029664-00030248 that sound to you? Do you like this number? Avoid saying, "yeah no that sounds great" or S9gO-1f1948-00055-00030248-00030816 "no that's really low" Keep things a little bit more open-ended by saying, "that's a really good start" S9gO-1f1948-00056-00030816-00031472 So that yeah, you open that door to yourself to negotiate later. Mayuko: For sure, yeah, it's like you leave it as S9gO-1f1948-00057-00031472-00032120 lukewarm as possible, for as long as possible iswhat i'm hearing. Sarah: Exactly. With negotiation, you S9gO-1f1948-00058-00032120-00032560 want to be... you want to use really neutral verbage here. You don't want to under S9gO-1f1948-00059-00032560-00033048 share, but you don't want to over share at thesame time. Mayuko: So then at what point do you actually S9gO-1f1948-00060-00033048-00033680 give a number, or like who's the... who should be the first one to give a number then, i guess? S9gO-1f1948-00061-00033680-00034264 Sarah: So even at the very end when the recruiter, you know, shares with you the good news like, "all right S9gO-1f1948-00062-00034264-00034760 the team really loves you, they thought you do really well in (ABCD), they see a lot of growth potential S9gO-1f1948-00063-00034760-00035248 in you," you know, "we're ready to move on to the offer stage, what are you looking for?" Even at S9gO-1f1948-00064-00035248-00035792 that stage, i still would recommend: don't give your number. You want to take this call S9gO-1f1948-00065-00035792-00036328 to really understand their compensation philosophy. They can't just be pushing for a number when S9gO-1f1948-00066-00036328-00036768 when they don't tell you what goes into it, right? You can't make a decision S9gO-1f1948-00067-00036768-00037296 without being informed, so push it back on them and say: "truthfully, you know, i've been really busy S9gO-1f1948-00068-00037296-00037720 prepping for the interview, i haven't put much thought into it. If you don't mind... S9gO-1f1948-00069-00038480-00038712 Youknow, once they go over everything again, S9gO-1f1948-00070-00038712-00039152 you can just push it back on them one more time saying, "you know, this is a little bit newer for me S9gO-1f1948-00071-00039152-00039736 and everyone has a different compensation structure, i know i'm not comparing apples to apples. If you S9gO-1f1948-00072-00039736-00040288 don't mind just sharing the numbers with me first, it would be super productive or effective or super S9gO-1f1948-00073-00040288-00040800 helpful for me, i would greatly appreciate it." Mayuko: it's almost like a game of poker. I'm just like, S9gO-1f1948-00074-00040800-00041256 waiting for them to fold, just like waiting and waiting and waiting waiting, and then having S9gO-1f1948-00075-00041256-00041760 them be the first to show their hand. Sarah: Exactly, andlike once the recruiter has to explain everything S9gO-1f1948-00076-00041760-00042392 for you, they'll just like be i might as well just share a number now. S9gO-1f1948-00077-00042480-00042872 Mayuko: Right, and like you mentioned, at that stage, you've already gone through the entire interview S9gO-1f1948-00078-00042872-00043344 process, you got a sense for the company culture, you got a sense of what they're looking for in S9gO-1f1948-00079-00043344-00043952 this role, you have their compensation philosophy together. You can piece all of those together, even, S9gO-1f1948-00080-00043952-00044600 that when they give you a number, you have the data and information to be able to confidently say S9gO-1f1948-00081-00044600-00045192 "Actually, based on what i know and what i've learned, i think i'm this much instead." Sarah: Exactly, and S9gO-1f1948-00082-00045192-00045752 you want to do a lot of the asking good questions during that call. Like asking about the bonus S9gO-1f1948-00083-00045752-00046312 structure: how does that work typically, when is the payout, is it once a year, is it twice a year, S9gO-1f1948-00084-00046376-00046800 is there any other bonuses on top of, you know, what you guys offer, and things like S9gO-1f1948-00085-00046800-00047368 that. And for companies that don't offer a bonus, that's the perfect window for you to use that S9gO-1f1948-00086-00047368-00047984 as leverage against them like, "hey since you don't offer me any bonuses, what i want to be mindful S9gO-1f1948-00087-00047984-00048552 of is inflation, and you know living costs are just keep going up. So essentially if i don't S9gO-1f1948-00088-00048552-00049064 take this into consideration now, the longer i stay with the company, essentially the less my S9gO-1f1948-00089-00049064-00049624 take-home pay is going to be, and i don't want to be in a position where salary is a thing for me to S9gO-1f1948-00090-00049680-00050184 have to leave the company, so i hope you understand where i'm coming from." They can't say no to that S9gO-1f1948-00091-00050184-00050728 you're going to be the biggest [jerk] if you say no after that request, right? Mayuko: that's true! S9gO-1f1948-00092-00050792-00051391 Use all of that knowledge you learned in AP Econ to talk about inflation, to talk about S9gO-1f1948-00093-00051391-00051967 money, and use all of that to your advantage. This whole conversation of this back and forth between S9gO-1f1948-00094-00051967-00052520 yourself and a recruiter, recruiter has a hiring manager and other folks behind them to S9gO-1f1948-00095-00052520-00053055 make decisions about all of this, but what's the best format to be having this conversation? S9gO-1f1948-00096-00053055-00053648 Sarah: Good question. So typically what i would recommendis to do that over via email. After the S9gO-1f1948-00097-00053648-00054176 recruiter tells you, we would love to move forward, they go over the compensation structure with you, S9gO-1f1948-00098-00054176-00054728 perks and benefits, let them know "this is a lot of good information, let me just take some time to process S9gO-1f1948-00099-00054728-00055120 all of this and get back to you later. Would that make sense for you/would that work for you?" S9gO-1f1948-00100-00055184-00055848 As a recruiter, for myself, it's so much easier to, you know, kind of follow the thought process S9gO-1f1948-00101-00055848-00056304 because sometimes it's really hard to like, maybe when i'm on the phone, someone just pinged me, i S9gO-1f1948-00102-00056304-00056944 got distracted, maybe they were asking me 140 but i misheard them and i wrote down 104, for example. S9gO-1f1948-00103-00057000-00057464 So just to have everything on paper is so much easier for the recruiter to you know S9gO-1f1948-00104-00057464-00058032 not make any like, mistakes when it comes to numbers there. And let's say if i have to get an approval S9gO-1f1948-00105-00058032-00058608 from their manager, it's so much easier for me to just kind of forward that email to the manager S9gO-1f1948-00106-00058608-00059167 or the compensation team. So as a candidate, you have so much more control over your narrative S9gO-1f1948-00107-00059167-00059752 because you could be saying the perfect thing, but communication goes both ways. It's also dependent S9gO-1f1948-00108-00059752-00060272 on what/how the other side is perceiving that message. So if this person misunderstood what you were S9gO-1f1948-00109-00060272-00060824 saying, and this person is relaying all this information to the team, you don't know what ran S9gO-1f1948-00110-00060824-00061367 what went wrong in that process, like things can go sideways really fast. Or maybe this recruiter just S9gO-1f1948-00111-00061367-00061855 explained something completely off and the manager, she could take it the wrong way S9gO-1f1948-00112-00061855-00062296 and that's kind of what could potentially jeopardize your relationship with the manager. S9gO-1f1948-00113-00062296-00062936 It makes life so much easier on you to do it over via email, because a lot of the time too, i i would S9gO-1f1948-00114-00062936-00063440 see this happen with my friends where they, you know, i'll prep them like "ask for this much" and S9gO-1f1948-00115-00063440-00063879 they were like "yep nope i got it" and then we would rehearse it and then when they're on the phone S9gO-1f1948-00116-00063879-00064408 they get so nervous that they start to like discount themselves like "well, i guess like i mean S9gO-1f1948-00117-00064408-00065384 i kind of want 300k, but like i would be okay with 250" and i'm just like "oh no" i'm just like "oh whattt" S9gO-1f1948-00118-00065640-00066168 The best analogy to think of this too is when you send the recruiter an email, S9gO-1f1948-00119-00066168-00066784 and then you have a call with them after. It's just the analogy of like when you watch a movie, and you S9gO-1f1948-00120-00066784-00067296 reading the book before the movie is so much easier to understand, right? Versus if you just watch the S9gO-1f1948-00121-00067296-00067736 movie and you've never read the book before, you have no idea what's going on S9gO-1f1948-00122-00067736-00068272 in the movie. So that's like kind of taking the call without priming the recruiter, like what S9gO-1f1948-00123-00068272-00068696 you're going to talk about, and you have to explain everything live, they're just going to sit there S9gO-1f1948-00124-00068696-00069464 and be like okay like "i guess it makes sense but i'm not sure" So email is the best way to go: S9gO-1f1948-00125-00069464-00069984 easier for you to lay out your thought process there, much easier for the recruiter to share all S9gO-1f1948-00126-00069984-00070448 that information with the team. You have so much more control over your narrative. Mayuko: Thank you all S9gO-1f1948-00127-00070448-00070880 so much for watching the video i really hope you liked it. Make sure to check out the other video i S9gO-1f1948-00128-00070880-00071360 did about salary negotiations featuring sarah, and if you'd like to just watch the recording of the S9gO-1f1948-00129-00071360-00071832 live stream i did on Muko's Corner, then you can become a member today by clicking the join button S9gO-1f1948-00130-00071832-00072336 down below and get access to the full recording. My members help make Muko's corner a reality and S9gO-1f1948-00131-00072336-00072792 also supports me in my channel, and allows me to do what i do. And if you haven't already, the other S9gO-1f1948-00132-00072792-00073336 way you can support me is by clicking subscribe. So take care and i'll see you in the next video byeeeee SrzxLkQwoRY-00000-00000600-00001432 hey guys drew with geoarm and i am back to talk to you about the m2m mqo3-lte and its connection SrzxLkQwoRY-00001-00001432-00002216 into the dsc impassa wireless security system super easy to do on this four wires so what SrzxLkQwoRY-00002-00002216-00002624 we're going to do prior to doing anything here is make sure that you've killed power to your system SrzxLkQwoRY-00003-00002624-00003104 obviously mine is powered down but in order to kill power you need to unplug the power supply and SrzxLkQwoRY-00004-00003104-00003536 then you need to get the panel opened up by going into these two little slots at the very top here SrzxLkQwoRY-00005-00003664-00004040 and then kind of sliding your flathead screwdriver in and pulling the screen towards you SrzxLkQwoRY-00006-00004096-00004688 once you do that it'll pop it open like so and then we can get into it so once you open it up SrzxLkQwoRY-00007-00004688-00005032 you'll see the interior of this we're not going to be worried about this side right now so we're SrzxLkQwoRY-00008-00005032-00005648 going to put this over to the side here once we do that we're going to look inside we're going to SrzxLkQwoRY-00009-00005648-00006072 see our wiring terminals here and i'm going to go ahead and flip it this way so that you can see it SrzxLkQwoRY-00010-00006072-00006456 the battery is disconnected as well so we're powered down now we're going to be SrzxLkQwoRY-00011-00006456-00007176 using these wiring terminals here specifically we're going to be using aux plus aux minus r SrzxLkQwoRY-00012-00007176-00007728 and t which stand for ring and tip so what we're going to do is grab our communicator after the SrzxLkQwoRY-00013-00007728-00008280 panel's been opened and powered down and as you guys can see i've pre-wired this communicator so SrzxLkQwoRY-00014-00008280-00009024 it's going to be four connections total so we have two strips of 22 gauge two conductor in this case SrzxLkQwoRY-00015-00009024-00009384 it's four conductor but i didn't cut these back because i actually am going to use this again so SrzxLkQwoRY-00016-00009448-00010080 you guys can ignore these connections here only these matter so the red wire is going to go to SrzxLkQwoRY-00017-00010080-00010624 plus or positive and the black wire is going to go to minus or negative by the way you will have SrzxLkQwoRY-00018-00010624-00011096 to come up with your own wire it does not have a wire and it won't ship with it because no one SrzxLkQwoRY-00019-00011096-00011552 knows how long the run will be so you will be you will be responsible for getting wire SrzxLkQwoRY-00020-00011632-00012192 so we have red to plus black for minus then we have red for ring and black for tip SrzxLkQwoRY-00021-00012320-00012784 once you've confirmed those connections you can go ahead and get it wired back to the panel SrzxLkQwoRY-00022-00012784-00013568 itself so we'll start with the power connections themselves right now so we'll take the red wire SrzxLkQwoRY-00023-00013568-00014328 and that red wire is going to run into aux plus go ahead and get that in there which is right here SrzxLkQwoRY-00024-00014456-00014791 and once you're able to slide that in there go ahead and tighten it down SrzxLkQwoRY-00025-00015352-00015584 okay SrzxLkQwoRY-00026-00016896-00017360 of at an angle but once you're able to get it in just tighten it down SrzxLkQwoRY-00027-00017760-00018384 okay and get your black wire your black wire is going to be going right next to it into aux minus SrzxLkQwoRY-00028-00019432-00019784 you're going to go on to the next set of two connections SrzxLkQwoRY-00029-00019936-00020640 so once you get that go ahead and you're going to be wiring the red wire into ring or r SrzxLkQwoRY-00030-00020960-00021352 and remember you're probably going to want to be pulling these out of like a punch out or through SrzxLkQwoRY-00031-00021352-00021784 the back of the back plate or something like that so that way these wires are in the way when you SrzxLkQwoRY-00032-00021784-00022600 go to close your cover i'm only just showing you this way for quick wiring but yeah you want to SrzxLkQwoRY-00033-00022600-00023984 pull it through the back on this one all right so now we're going to go with our black wire to tip SrzxLkQwoRY-00034-00024192-00025384 once you've made that connection in there go ahead and tighten it down SrzxLkQwoRY-00035-00025792-00026327 okay and once your connections are all done then what we're going to do is we're going to go ahead SrzxLkQwoRY-00036-00026327-00027112 and get the actual communicator put together here so now we have the communicator wired into the SrzxLkQwoRY-00037-00027112-00027639 panel we need to get our antenna connected which we're going to do like so there's your connection SrzxLkQwoRY-00038-00027639-00028424 you just go ahead and screw that on right there once you've confirmed that's on you can go ahead SrzxLkQwoRY-00039-00028424-00028783 and get your antenna out of the way now the last thing we have to do is get our internet SrzxLkQwoRY-00040-00028783-00029320 plugged in which we'll plug in right here as you can see so we'll get our internet cable SrzxLkQwoRY-00041-00029320-00029927 and we'll just snap it in at this point you are wired in and you are ready to give us a call SrzxLkQwoRY-00042-00029927-00030424 and get this activated go ahead and power your system on if you guys have any questions or any SrzxLkQwoRY-00043-00030424-00031183 comments please leave them below take care make sure to subscribe to our youtube page and click SrzxLkQwoRY-00044-00031183-00031768 the show more tab underneath the video where you can view valuable links pertaining to this product SrzxLkQwoRY-00045-00031832-00032383 similar how-to videos and our low-cost no contract alarm monitoring services SthtLr1CDE0-00000-00000000-00000200 Robbi kholaq SuPOj1blSeU-00000-00000000-00000348 [MUSIC PLAYING] SuPOj1blSeU-00001-00005566-00005721 ANGELA BARBEE: I'm honored to receive SuPOj1blSeU-00002-00005721-00005889 the distinguished engineering Alumni SuPOj1blSeU-00003-00005889-00006117 Award from Purdue University. SuPOj1blSeU-00004-00006117-00006291 It means a lot to be acknowledged SuPOj1blSeU-00005-00006291-00006615 by a university that has given me such a strong base SuPOj1blSeU-00006-00006615-00006881 and enabled me to accomplish so much. SuPOj1blSeU-00007-00006881-00007152 And for that, I'm grateful. SuPOj1blSeU-00008-00007152-00007520 So I want to share a little bit about my Purdue journey. SuPOj1blSeU-00009-00007520-00007773 Early in my career, I was fortunate to be awarded SuPOj1blSeU-00010-00007773-00008084 a full fellowship to graduate school with the option SuPOj1blSeU-00011-00008084-00008331 to attend one of many prestigious engineering SuPOj1blSeU-00012-00008331-00008727 institutions, and Purdue was at the top of my list. SuPOj1blSeU-00013-00008727-00008949 I actually wanted to attend Purdue SuPOj1blSeU-00014-00008949-00009246 as an undergraduate student, but I missed the application SuPOj1blSeU-00015-00009246-00009684 deadline while I was in high school, and I was devastated. SuPOj1blSeU-00016-00009684-00009954 Although I had stellar grades and a strong aptitude SuPOj1blSeU-00017-00009954-00010329 for engineering, as a teenager I just didn't have the guidance SuPOj1blSeU-00018-00010329-00010620 or support to ensure I followed all of the steps needed SuPOj1blSeU-00019-00010620-00010836 for the admission process. SuPOj1blSeU-00020-00010836-00011133 And don't get me wrong, I had excellent parents. SuPOj1blSeU-00021-00011133-00011250 They were very supportive. SuPOj1blSeU-00022-00011250-00011584 However, this whole process was foreign to them as well. SuPOj1blSeU-00023-00011584-00011757 My father was a successful business SuPOj1blSeU-00024-00011757-00011994 owner of an automotive shop, which he achieved SuPOj1blSeU-00025-00011994-00012216 through hard work and perseverance, SuPOj1blSeU-00026-00012216-00012504 and he had a very strong analytical mind, SuPOj1blSeU-00027-00012504-00012621 but he didn't go to college. SuPOj1blSeU-00028-00012621-00013008 And my mom, she was an absolute wizard with numbers. SuPOj1blSeU-00029-00013008-00013185 She was an educator, but she only SuPOj1blSeU-00030-00013185-00013527 took a few college classes via night school SuPOj1blSeU-00031-00013527-00013803 as together they both raised me along SuPOj1blSeU-00032-00013803-00014079 with my two older siblings. SuPOj1blSeU-00033-00014079-00014472 So, as part of the graduate fellowship requirements, SuPOj1blSeU-00034-00014472-00014787 I had to be accepted into a minimum of five Ivy League SuPOj1blSeU-00035-00014787-00015072 institutions, and then I had an opportunity SuPOj1blSeU-00036-00015072-00015272 to interview with each of them so I could decide SuPOj1blSeU-00037-00015272-00015447 which one I wanted to attend. SuPOj1blSeU-00038-00015447-00015768 So when I arrived at Purdue's campus SuPOj1blSeU-00039-00015768-00015990 to interview some of the faculty and staff, SuPOj1blSeU-00040-00015990-00016522 I was immediately impressed with one professor in particular. SuPOj1blSeU-00041-00016522-00016698 He was very casual in his approach, SuPOj1blSeU-00042-00016698-00017037 but his brilliance and passion for dynamics and vibration, SuPOj1blSeU-00043-00017037-00017220 it drew me in. SuPOj1blSeU-00044-00017220-00017409 He spoke to me as if I was already SuPOj1blSeU-00045-00017409-00017706 part of the Purdue family, and I remember SuPOj1blSeU-00046-00017706-00018069 his enthusiasm when he began talking SuPOj1blSeU-00047-00018069-00018318 to me about potential research that I could do SuPOj1blSeU-00048-00018318-00018645 and the great space that I would have in the Herrick labs, SuPOj1blSeU-00049-00018645-00019029 and his entire disposition was impressive to me, SuPOj1blSeU-00050-00019029-00019410 and that Professor was Dr. Chuck Krousgrill, who SuPOj1blSeU-00051-00019410-00019872 also became my major professor for my graduate research. SuPOj1blSeU-00052-00019872-00020031 And I've been asked many times like, SuPOj1blSeU-00053-00020031-00020181 who's your favorite professor, which SuPOj1blSeU-00054-00020181-00020508 is a tough question because I've had great experiences with so SuPOj1blSeU-00055-00020508-00020758 many for different reasons. SuPOj1blSeU-00056-00020758-00021165 However, my relationship with Dr. Krousgrill was exceptional. SuPOj1blSeU-00057-00021165-00021342 He was tough. SuPOj1blSeU-00058-00021342-00021696 That's for sure, but I knew he was completely SuPOj1blSeU-00059-00021696-00021930 invested in my success. SuPOj1blSeU-00060-00021930-00022119 I remember one semester I was just SuPOj1blSeU-00061-00022119-00022324 overwhelmed with the engineering curriculum, SuPOj1blSeU-00062-00022324-00022807 and I just needed something to help balance the demand, SuPOj1blSeU-00063-00022807-00023001 and so I signed up for a tennis class. SuPOj1blSeU-00064-00023001-00023313 Now, I will take to my grave the method SuPOj1blSeU-00065-00023313-00023709 I used to get Dr. Krousgrill's approval without his knowledge. SuPOj1blSeU-00066-00023709-00023982 However, one day I had to come clean. SuPOj1blSeU-00067-00023982-00024249 I was meeting with him, reviewing some test results, SuPOj1blSeU-00068-00024249-00024522 when he decided to have a full on lecture SuPOj1blSeU-00069-00024522-00024906 with me regarding a complex vibration method, SuPOj1blSeU-00070-00024906-00025047 and I kept watching the clock. SuPOj1blSeU-00071-00025047-00025215 I kept glancing over the clock because I SuPOj1blSeU-00072-00025215-00025467 needed to make it to this tennis class SuPOj1blSeU-00073-00025467-00025745 because getting a grade in tennis class was easy. SuPOj1blSeU-00074-00025745-00026166 You got an A If you made all the classes and you weren't late. SuPOj1blSeU-00075-00026166-00026451 If you missed any classes or was late, SuPOj1blSeU-00076-00026451-00026713 your grade dropped to a B. If you missed multiple classes, SuPOj1blSeU-00077-00026713-00027177 you know, down to a C. So I just couldn't afford to get anything SuPOj1blSeU-00078-00027177-00027480 less than an A in this class, but it was clear SuPOj1blSeU-00079-00027480-00027762 that Dr. Krousgrill was not even close to wrapping up SuPOj1blSeU-00080-00027762-00028200 this impromptu lecture, and he caught me looking at the clock. SuPOj1blSeU-00081-00028200-00028442 And I remember he asked if there was someone else I needed SuPOj1blSeU-00082-00028442-00028862 to be, and I confessed and told him about the tennis class, SuPOj1blSeU-00083-00028862-00029216 and he graciously let me go so I could be on time, SuPOj1blSeU-00084-00029216-00029564 but little did I know that he would collect on that bill. SuPOj1blSeU-00085-00029564-00029843 The next time I met with him, he significantly SuPOj1blSeU-00086-00029843-00030068 increased my workload, and I remember SuPOj1blSeU-00087-00030068-00030239 he kind of gave me this smile and said, SuPOj1blSeU-00088-00030239-00030389 you know, I figured any grad student SuPOj1blSeU-00089-00030389-00030535 that had time for tennis, you know, SuPOj1blSeU-00090-00030535-00030692 I must be grossly underestimating SuPOj1blSeU-00091-00030692-00030944 the amount of workload they could handle, SuPOj1blSeU-00092-00030944-00031112 and that was Dr. Krousgrill, right? SuPOj1blSeU-00093-00031112-00031402 He took full advantage of a teachable moment SuPOj1blSeU-00094-00031402-00031676 because he later explained to me if I had just been transparent, SuPOj1blSeU-00095-00031676-00031927 you know, that he would have supported me taking the tennis SuPOj1blSeU-00096-00031927-00032006 class. SuPOj1blSeU-00097-00032006-00032243 However, since I was not forthright, SuPOj1blSeU-00098-00032243-00032556 you know, there were consequences to my behavior. SuPOj1blSeU-00099-00032556-00032798 And I've told that story before because, for me, I SuPOj1blSeU-00100-00032798-00033101 learned a great lesson which I carry with me SuPOj1blSeU-00101-00033101-00033281 in my professional career. SuPOj1blSeU-00102-00033281-00033470 It's just far better to be up front SuPOj1blSeU-00103-00033470-00033704 and argue your case than to attempt SuPOj1blSeU-00104-00033704-00033933 to be elusive and disingenuous. SuPOj1blSeU-00105-00033933-00034301 So, Dr. Krousgrill, in addition to engineering concepts SuPOj1blSeU-00106-00034301-00034601 and methods, thank you for teaching me about integrity SuPOj1blSeU-00107-00034601-00034796 and discipline and grace. SuPOj1blSeU-00108-00034796-00035093 It's very evident why you have been the recipient of so SuPOj1blSeU-00109-00035093-00035355 many best teaching awards. SuPOj1blSeU-00110-00035355-00035742 So, now fast forward after obtaining my masters of science SuPOj1blSeU-00111-00035742-00035972 in mechanical engineering with a concentration in noise SuPOj1blSeU-00112-00035972-00036206 and vibration, my career continued SuPOj1blSeU-00113-00036206-00036503 to progress through a variety of different roles, SuPOj1blSeU-00114-00036503-00036716 but there were two in particular that SuPOj1blSeU-00115-00036716-00036957 were most memorable for me. SuPOj1blSeU-00116-00036957-00037223 The first is when I was selected to return back SuPOj1blSeU-00117-00037223-00037391 to Purdue University on a one year SuPOj1blSeU-00118-00037391-00037652 special assignment as a visiting professor, SuPOj1blSeU-00119-00037652-00038036 or i.e., an engineer in residence program. SuPOj1blSeU-00120-00038036-00038351 I taught the introduction to mechanical engineering design, SuPOj1blSeU-00121-00038351-00038885 ME4263, and then senior design, ME463, SuPOj1blSeU-00122-00038885-00039162 and I supervised a graduate student research project, SuPOj1blSeU-00123-00039162-00039455 and I also participated in a ton of outreach activities, SuPOj1blSeU-00124-00039455-00039767 including the inaugural year for the diversity council SuPOj1blSeU-00125-00039767-00040022 for mechanical engineering. SuPOj1blSeU-00126-00040022-00040292 It was an honor to bring my industry experience back SuPOj1blSeU-00127-00040292-00040728 to campus and help shape the minds of college students. SuPOj1blSeU-00128-00040728-00040940 It was also great to experience the university SuPOj1blSeU-00129-00040940-00041069 in a different way. SuPOj1blSeU-00130-00041069-00041393 I saw firsthand the passion and commitment of the faculty SuPOj1blSeU-00131-00041393-00041684 and staff to provide a quality education SuPOj1blSeU-00132-00041684-00041885 and stellar experience to the students, SuPOj1blSeU-00133-00041885-00042236 and why Purdue's reputation as a prestigious world class SuPOj1blSeU-00134-00042236-00042620 engineering institution is so important as well as very SuPOj1blSeU-00135-00042620-00042884 well earned. SuPOj1blSeU-00136-00042884-00043043 So, it was after this assignment when SuPOj1blSeU-00137-00043043-00043295 I was asked and eagerly accepted an opportunity SuPOj1blSeU-00138-00043295-00043571 to be a member of the mechanical engineering advisory board, SuPOj1blSeU-00139-00043571-00043820 and it's been my pleasure to serve the university SuPOj1blSeU-00140-00043820-00044012 in this capacity. SuPOj1blSeU-00141-00044012-00044279 And then my second the most impactful career achievement SuPOj1blSeU-00142-00044279-00044654 was my appointment to the executive global chief of staff SuPOj1blSeU-00143-00044654-00044972 for the electrical systems infotainment SuPOj1blSeU-00144-00044972-00045251 and electrification of automotive vehicles. SuPOj1blSeU-00145-00045251-00045647 I had oversight of the execution of a new global advanced SuPOj1blSeU-00146-00045647-00045788 battery laboratory. SuPOj1blSeU-00147-00045788-00046067 And at the time, it was the largest and most SuPOj1blSeU-00148-00046067-00046352 technological advanced automotive battery lab SuPOj1blSeU-00149-00046352-00046796 in the world, and this state of the art test facility SuPOj1blSeU-00150-00046796-00047027 was critical to expediting the introduction SuPOj1blSeU-00151-00047027-00047219 of electrical and hybrid vehicles SuPOj1blSeU-00152-00047219-00047618 during a very tough time in the automotive industry. SuPOj1blSeU-00153-00047618-00047837 And as part of this role, I also served SuPOj1blSeU-00154-00047837-00048119 as one of the technical liaisons to high level government SuPOj1blSeU-00155-00048119-00048545 officials, including President Obama's automotive task force, SuPOj1blSeU-00156-00048545-00048833 the governor of Michigan, and an array of senators and members SuPOj1blSeU-00157-00048833-00048980 of Congress. SuPOj1blSeU-00158-00048980-00049169 The influence of this role contributed SuPOj1blSeU-00159-00049169-00049430 to the acquisition of multi-million dollar government SuPOj1blSeU-00160-00049430-00049853 incentives as well as the automotive government bailout. SuPOj1blSeU-00161-00049853-00050219 So, a little bit more about my background. SuPOj1blSeU-00162-00050219-00050612 I've worked in research and development, creative design, SuPOj1blSeU-00163-00050612-00050913 product development engineering, manufacturing, SuPOj1blSeU-00164-00050913-00051134 and portfolio planning. SuPOj1blSeU-00165-00051134-00051515 I've led global teams in North America and South America, Asia SuPOj1blSeU-00166-00051515-00051620 and Europe. SuPOj1blSeU-00167-00051620-00051900 And in addition to my automotive career, SuPOj1blSeU-00168-00051900-00052141 I've had an exciting career in the plumbing industry SuPOj1blSeU-00169-00052141-00052496 where I served as vice president of new product development SuPOj1blSeU-00170-00052496-00052916 and engineering for Global Faucets for Kohler Company, SuPOj1blSeU-00171-00052916-00053167 and later appointed to their vice president SuPOj1blSeU-00172-00053167-00053467 of advanced development for their global kitchen and bath SuPOj1blSeU-00173-00053467-00053594 group. SuPOj1blSeU-00174-00053594-00053945 And I just recently accepted an exciting role SuPOj1blSeU-00175-00053945-00054344 as the senior vice president of technology and global R&D SuPOj1blSeU-00176-00054344-00054529 for Weber Grill. SuPOj1blSeU-00177-00054529-00054914 So, I attribute much of my amazing career SuPOj1blSeU-00178-00054914-00055157 to my Purdue foundation. SuPOj1blSeU-00179-00055157-00055553 It challenged the way that I think. SuPOj1blSeU-00180-00055553-00055930 It helped me possess a spirit of curiosity and innovation SuPOj1blSeU-00181-00055930-00056504 and an ability to demonstrate a strong technical competency. SuPOj1blSeU-00182-00056504-00056984 I'd like to close by expressing my gratitude to Dr. Patricia SuPOj1blSeU-00183-00056984-00057374 Davies and Dr. Stuart Bolton for nominating me SuPOj1blSeU-00184-00057374-00057641 for the distinguished engineering alumni award. SuPOj1blSeU-00185-00057641-00058091 Dr. Davies has been a shining example of phenomenal leader SuPOj1blSeU-00186-00058091-00058247 in engineering. SuPOj1blSeU-00187-00058247-00058472 She was my first exposure to a leader SuPOj1blSeU-00188-00058472-00058883 who was a bold and unapologetic advocate for women SuPOj1blSeU-00189-00058883-00059378 in engineering, and I channel her SuPOj1blSeU-00190-00059378-00059692 on more than one occasions in my career. SuPOj1blSeU-00191-00059692-00059987 So, Dr. Davies, I thank you for blazing the trail SuPOj1blSeU-00192-00059987-00060149 for so many of us. SuPOj1blSeU-00193-00060149-00060647 And to Dr. Bolton, who is an amazing expert in acoustics, SuPOj1blSeU-00194-00060647-00060959 I appreciate your mentoring and the patience SuPOj1blSeU-00195-00060959-00061175 you showed me as a student and also SuPOj1blSeU-00196-00061175-00061646 while I was an engineer in residence on campus. SuPOj1blSeU-00197-00061646-00061958 I'm much appreciative of the committee for selecting me SuPOj1blSeU-00198-00061958-00062195 as one of the honorees. SuPOj1blSeU-00199-00062195-00062454 However, I didn't make this journey alone. SuPOj1blSeU-00200-00062454-00062735 None of my achievements could be possible without an army SuPOj1blSeU-00201-00062735-00063210 of people who helped shape my life, my family and my friends, SuPOj1blSeU-00202-00063210-00063476 mentors and sponsors who stood by my side SuPOj1blSeU-00203-00063476-00063701 through all the peaks and valleys. SuPOj1blSeU-00204-00063701-00064052 And most importantly, to my parents, now deceased, SuPOj1blSeU-00205-00064052-00064325 provided me such a solid foundation. SuPOj1blSeU-00206-00064325-00064492 They allowed my voice to be heard. SuPOj1blSeU-00207-00064492-00064746 They encouraged me to challenge the status quo, SuPOj1blSeU-00208-00064746-00064970 and they convinced me that I could do SuPOj1blSeU-00209-00064970-00065255 absolutely anything I desired. SuPOj1blSeU-00210-00065255-00065633 I feel blessed to have had the opportunity to realize a dream SuPOj1blSeU-00211-00065633-00066068 and to not only graduate from but also be of service to such SuPOj1blSeU-00212-00066068-00066269 a great university. SuPOj1blSeU-00213-00066269-00066669 I will forever hold Purdue in my heart. SuPOj1blSeU-00214-00066669-00067100 Thank you, and boiler up. SuPOj1blSeU-00215-00067100-00067375 [MUSIC PLAYING] Sxh1sii2cyI-00000-00000059-00001804 T-minus 10, 9 ,8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 and launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket as NASA SyTdpffzaRu-00000-00000000-00000200 shares of subsidiary acquired during the course of the year S-867eVPPzM-00000-00000148-00000476 Music S-867eVPPzM-00027-00008387-00008687 Miss u S-867eVPPzM-00057-00016994-00017094 Music S-867eVPPzM-00061-00018035-00018146 Miss all S--LvOI45nu-00000-00001902-00002709 Warning Angel of death S_7FR1kAvTU-00000-00000913-00001381 For lab 03, we are going to create a book review, which is going to allow you to use S_7FR1kAvTU-00001-00001381-00001607 several text effects. S_7FR1kAvTU-00002-00001607-00001998 This is a sample page of something that you might include in your book review. S_7FR1kAvTU-00003-00001998-00002401 It has a lot of different options here for text. S_7FR1kAvTU-00004-00002401-00002763 What I want to do is to go through what each one of them does. S_7FR1kAvTU-00005-00002763-00003304 So I'm working in Firefox and I'm going to right click and select View Page Source. S_7FR1kAvTU-00006-00003304-00003597 This will let me see how my source code was created. S_7FR1kAvTU-00007-00003597-00004225 To make it easier to view, we're hitting control plus plus, which will increase the size of S_7FR1kAvTU-00008-00004225-00004473 the font for the page. S_7FR1kAvTU-00009-00004473-00004986 I've added a few things that aren't necessarily visible here. S_7FR1kAvTU-00010-00004986-00005908 You can see I've got several tools, and you can see where my h1 tags are, my h2, my paragraphs. S_7FR1kAvTU-00011-00005908-00006069 This just sort of breaks it down. S_7FR1kAvTU-00012-00006069-00007113 I have a black quote here, paragraphs, address, so you can see some of the elements coming S_7FR1kAvTU-00013-00007113-00007213 up. S_7FR1kAvTU-00014-00007213-00007514 It doesn't show everything but it does show block level elements. S_7FR1kAvTU-00015-00007514-00007753 So that you can see where I'm adding things in here. S_7FR1kAvTU-00016-00007753-00008324 Because this is an unordered list, which is actually for navigation. S_7FR1kAvTU-00017-00008324-00008795 So let's just take a look comparing the source code to the results. S_7FR1kAvTU-00018-00008795-00009474 Again, we're using HTML5, so I'm using the doctype of html with the language of English. S_7FR1kAvTU-00019-00009474-00010096 And in my head I declare the charset utf-8, which is what we use in America, and the title S_7FR1kAvTU-00020-00010096-00010310 is "Lab 3: Book Review". S_7FR1kAvTU-00021-00010310-00010797 And that shows up right here - Lab 03: Book Review. S_7FR1kAvTU-00022-00010797-00011200 Then I have an id, a div with an id of container. S_7FR1kAvTU-00023-00011200-00011813 I'm doing this to get you in a habit of containing everything, all of your content into a container. S_7FR1kAvTU-00024-00011813-00012513 Once we start using CSS, we can then put that container set to maximum size, center it, S_7FR1kAvTU-00025-00012513-00012828 change colors, do some cool formatting. S_7FR1kAvTU-00026-00012828-00013432 Then I have the header, which is the masthead of my page and inside of it I have a navigational S_7FR1kAvTU-00027-00013432-00013656 structure with an unordered list. S_7FR1kAvTU-00028-00013656-00014136 And this list has links to on-page references. S_7FR1kAvTU-00029-00014136-00014579 So here I have my masthead. S_7FR1kAvTU-00030-00014579-00015675 Book review and links, which will take me to on-page references. S_7FR1kAvTU-00031-00015675-00015883 And that closes my header section. S_7FR1kAvTU-00032-00015883-00015983 Then we have an article. S_7FR1kAvTU-00033-00015983-00016574 Remember, an article can be hold out of the page and republished elsewhere. S_7FR1kAvTU-00034-00016574-00017189 It has several sections, which act as chapters. S_7FR1kAvTU-00035-00017189-00017608 So I have h2 with an id of plot. S_7FR1kAvTU-00036-00017608-00018083 That's what this is linking to. S_7FR1kAvTU-00037-00018083-00018316 Some information about the plot. S_7FR1kAvTU-00038-00018316-00018743 Then I have characters, and you'll notice in the characters, I'm actually using the S_7FR1kAvTU-00039-00018743-00019425 definition here to define these terms. S_7FR1kAvTU-00040-00019425-00020006 "Goddess of poetry, and the Morrgan, goddess of war" And the definition makes it appear S_7FR1kAvTU-00041-00020006-00020307 as italics but you could change styling on that later. S_7FR1kAvTU-00042-00020307-00021050 You'll notice here, I also have an abbreviation for the Celtic god, so I'm using the abbreviation S_7FR1kAvTU-00043-00021050-00021968 here and if we scroll over, you'll see that I used the abbreviation and I used the title, S_7FR1kAvTU-00044-00021968-00022568 which is what makes Celtic appear right there. S_7FR1kAvTU-00045-00022568-00023543 Then I have my character, series, author, I'm using strong to put an emphasis on Kevin S_7FR1kAvTU-00046-00023543-00024544 Hearne, and then I talk about him and I put in a block quote. S_7FR1kAvTU-00047-00024544-00025257 Apparently it doesn't like my closing of my paragraph here. S_7FR1kAvTU-00048-00025257-00025407 This is interesting. S_7FR1kAvTU-00049-00025407-00025794 This is one of those funky things where it depends on how it's reading the rules because S_7FR1kAvTU-00050-00025794-00026235 I can put a block quote in a paragraph but Firefox doesn't like it. S_7FR1kAvTU-00051-00026235-00026956 So it's indicating that it considers this to be an error that there's a little quote S_7FR1kAvTU-00052-00026956-00027056 going on in that. S_7FR1kAvTU-00053-00027056-00027357 So you can have it in a paragraph or not. S_7FR1kAvTU-00054-00027357-00028087 In here I have a block quote, I've also added the quotes to make the quotes appear and then S_7FR1kAvTU-00055-00028087-00029035 I've used the cite option, to cite my source "Kevin Hearne from the book Hounded". S_7FR1kAvTU-00056-00029035-00029560 Now I did capture this image, which under fair uses is as an academic thing and I'm S_7FR1kAvTU-00057-00029560-00030069 referring to the actual book by Kevin Hearne, so it's generally considered appropriate to S_7FR1kAvTU-00058-00030069-00030704 use the image of his cover, when providing a review of his book. S_7FR1kAvTU-00059-00030704-00031785 This is a figure, and this is my figure caption, so I have my figcaption here. S_7FR1kAvTU-00060-00031785-00032347 And then again I'm having an issue here where it doesn't like me to have all of this in S_7FR1kAvTU-00061-00032347-00032575 one paragraph. S_7FR1kAvTU-00062-00032575-00033595 Again, I have some bad habits from working with HTML back since 1997, that hasn't generally S_7FR1kAvTU-00063-00033595-00033971 been allowed and you'll see that it renders just fine. S_7FR1kAvTU-00064-00033971-00034150 It's backwardly compatible. S_7FR1kAvTU-00065-00034150-00034461 And then I have my address. S_7FR1kAvTU-00066-00034461-00034838 This is my e-mail address. S_7FR1kAvTU-00067-00034838-00035500 And this should have, it's not appearing here as a link, so I've got a minor error here. S_7FR1kAvTU-00068-00035500-00035668 I'm going to show you how to correct that. S_7FR1kAvTU-00069-00035668-00036261 And then I have my "Page published", with the date and time. S_7FR1kAvTU-00070-00036261-00036651 The published date "December 26th, 2013". S_7FR1kAvTU-00071-00036651-00037016 And I've put that in small which refers to the fine print. S_7FR1kAvTU-00072-00037016-00037155 That's all in the footer. S_7FR1kAvTU-00073-00037155-00037360 So let's go take a quick look at my errors. S_7FR1kAvTU-00074-00037360-00038110 And I prefer working in Dreamweaver. S_7FR1kAvTU-00075-00038110-00038427 I'm going to open up my index page. S_7FR1kAvTU-00076-00038427-00039098 And you'll notice I have that Hounded picture here inside of my folder and I'll show you S_7FR1kAvTU-00077-00039098-00039283 how I got that in a minute. S_7FR1kAvTU-00078-00039283-00039761 But I had a few errors that aren't showing up as errors in Dreamweaver. S_7FR1kAvTU-00079-00039761-00040898 So here, my mailto should have been in a form of a link. S_7FR1kAvTU-00080-00040898-00042018 So it's "a href=", I should have put that in quotes. S_7FR1kAvTU-00081-00042018-00042784 No, not two Es. S_7FR1kAvTU-00082-00042784-00042957 Close this. S_7FR1kAvTU-00083-00042957-00043910 Add my name and close that. S_7FR1kAvTU-00084-00043910-00044323 That should update that to make it a link. S_7FR1kAvTU-00085-00044323-00044423 Ok, that's good. S_7FR1kAvTU-00086-00044423-00045722 Now, it was not happy with my paragraph here but I'm starting here so this should simply S_7FR1kAvTU-00087-00045722-00046355 close at this point. S_7FR1kAvTU-00088-00046355-00047140 And it also did not like the paragraphs surrounding the block quote. S_7FR1kAvTU-00089-00047140-00047386 So we'll just get rid of them. S_7FR1kAvTU-00090-00047386-00047813 And that shouldn't really impact the way that it looks. S_7FR1kAvTU-00091-00047813-00049058 In Dreamweaver I can now save this and I can just choose Put, and that will upload it. S_7FR1kAvTU-00092-00049058-00049893 And when you're checking these to see if your changes worked, you need to make sure to refresh. S_7FR1kAvTU-00093-00049893-00050000 That appears to have worked. S_7FR1kAvTU-00094-00050000-00050688 And if I view my page source, I should not have any errors. S_7FR1kAvTU-00095-00050688-00051372 Ok, so that's a little bit of how to change things, re-upload, check to see if you have S_7FR1kAvTU-00096-00051372-00051511 errors. S_7FR1kAvTU-00097-00051511-00051909 And I will have a separate video on how to get a screen capture to get the cover for S_7FR1kAvTU-00098-00051909-00052236 your own book review. S_Dp8kjVLuY-00000-00000000-00000454 This series of figures is from a fan to fans, i'm not looking to offend anyone and it's not a masterpiece either S_Dp8kjVLuY-00001-00000454-00000746 I just started using stop-motion, i hope you like it. Remember to read the description S_Dp8kjVLuY-00002-00000894-00001100 B: Surely here is Steam smythe S_Dp8kjVLuY-00003-00001152-00001336 B: I have to fix this situation quickly S_Dp8kjVLuY-00004-00001512-00001972 K: What happens, Tennyson? do you have any problem? S_Dp8kjVLuY-00005-00002066-00002204 B: Of course i have a problem S_Dp8kjVLuY-00006-00002206-00002562 B: It's Heatblast time, i'll throw a fireball and we'll end this S_Dp8kjVLuY-00007-00002562-00002812 K: I'm done of your verbiage S_Dp8kjVLuY-00008-00003232-00003368 K: Easy S_Dp8kjVLuY-00009-00003684-00004054 B: I- I don't get it, K- Kevin, what's happening to him? S_Dp8kjVLuY-00010-00004182-00004302 B: Um, well S_Dp8kjVLuY-00011-00004356-00004472 B: I'll start S_Dp8kjVLuY-00012-00004586-00005026 B: and I defeat all the villains around the world and the universe S_Dp8kjVLuY-00013-00005032-00005312 with only 10 years old i have the most powerful device S_Dp8kjVLuY-00014-00005678-00006112 B: I'm Ben Tennyson and with only 10 years old i have the most powerful device of the universe S_Dp8kjVLuY-00015-00006114-00006324 That's right fellas, the omnitrix S_Dp8kjVLuY-00016-00006384-00006662 I had already said it?, i'll put you in context S_Dp8kjVLuY-00017-00006662-00007006 Who did you just saw is Kevin 11, is the bully of my school S_Dp8kjVLuY-00018-00007006-00007263 And he tries to ruin all my heroic plans S_Dp8kjVLuY-00019-00007263-00007607 He's kinda mocking and never stops making sick jokes S_Dp8kjVLuY-00020-00007619-00007900 he always jokes with things he shouldn't S_Dp8kjVLuY-00021-00007900-00008050 He strives to make fun of me S_Dp8kjVLuY-00022-00008063-00008338 I thought that Steam smythe was there S_Dp8kjVLuY-00023-00008338-00008666 but in reality everything was behind him, making fun of me one more time S_Dp8kjVLuY-00024-00008824-00009115 And that's why all of this is shoking me S_Dp8kjVLuY-00025-00009149-00009401 What's really his idea? S_Dp8kjVLuY-00026-00009401-00009714 Why chase me? He will be up to something? S_Dp8kjVLuY-00027-00009933-00010217 I'm really trying to be a nice person to him S_Dp8kjVLuY-00028-00010217-00010518 Because his life is not easy, but he doesn't see that S_Dp8kjVLuY-00029-00010518-00010731 he just hate me for being me S_Dp8kjVLuY-00030-00010772-00011146 Sometimes i want to be someone else S_Dp8kjVLuY-00031-00011148-00011458 Um... someone more classic S_Dp8kjVLuY-00032-00011458-00011740 Someone more original Shock Blast: Uh... Ben? S_Dp8kjVLuY-00033-00011826-00011990 Shock Blast: Ben is that you? S_GLprH4R4I-00000-00000010-00000080 >> DENNIS: AMONG OTHER MINNESOTA S_GLprH4R4I-00001-00000080-00000086 >> DENNIS: AMONG OTHER MINNESOTA S_GLprH4R4I-00002-00000086-00000230 >> DENNIS: AMONG OTHER MINNESOTA RECIPIENTS OF THE GREEN RIBBON S_GLprH4R4I-00003-00000230-00000236 >> DENNIS: AMONG OTHER MINNESOTA RECIPIENTS OF THE GREEN RIBBON S_GLprH4R4I-00004-00000236-00000693 >> DENNIS: AMONG OTHER MINNESOTA RECIPIENTS OF THE GREEN RIBBON AWARD INCLUDE EDGE WOOD EARLY S_GLprH4R4I-00005-00000693-00000700 RECIPIENTS OF THE GREEN RIBBON AWARD INCLUDE EDGE WOOD EARLY S_GLprH4R4I-00006-00000700-00000757 RECIPIENTS OF THE GREEN RIBBON AWARD INCLUDE EDGE WOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD. S_GLprH4R4I-00007-00000757-00000764 AWARD INCLUDE EDGE WOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD. S_GLprH4R4I-00008-00000764-00000867 AWARD INCLUDE EDGE WOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD. >> DENNIS: WHILE IT'S NATIONAL S_GLprH4R4I-00009-00000867-00000874 CHILDHOOD. >> DENNIS: WHILE IT'S NATIONAL S_GLprH4R4I-00010-00000874-00001167 CHILDHOOD. >> DENNIS: WHILE IT'S NATIONAL STROKE AWARENESS MONTH, MEDICAL S_GLprH4R4I-00011-00001167-00001174 >> DENNIS: WHILE IT'S NATIONAL STROKE AWARENESS MONTH, MEDICAL S_GLprH4R4I-00012-00001174-00001431 >> DENNIS: WHILE IT'S NATIONAL STROKE AWARENESS MONTH, MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL AT CUYUNA REGIONAL S_GLprH4R4I-00013-00001431-00001438 STROKE AWARENESS MONTH, MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL AT CUYUNA REGIONAL S_GLprH4R4I-00014-00001438-00001571 STROKE AWARENESS MONTH, MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL AT CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER ARE OFFERING WAYS S_GLprH4R4I-00015-00001571-00001578 PROFESSIONAL AT CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER ARE OFFERING WAYS S_GLprH4R4I-00016-00001578-00001768 PROFESSIONAL AT CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER ARE OFFERING WAYS FOR YOU TO BE ON TOP OF YOUR S_GLprH4R4I-00017-00001768-00001775 MEDICAL CENTER ARE OFFERING WAYS FOR YOU TO BE ON TOP OF YOUR S_GLprH4R4I-00018-00001775-00001861 MEDICAL CENTER ARE OFFERING WAYS FOR YOU TO BE ON TOP OF YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE. S_GLprH4R4I-00019-00001861-00001868 FOR YOU TO BE ON TOP OF YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE. S_GLprH4R4I-00020-00001868-00002038 FOR YOU TO BE ON TOP OF YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE. FREE BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING S_GLprH4R4I-00021-00002038-00002045 BLOOD PRESSURE. FREE BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING S_GLprH4R4I-00022-00002045-00002182 BLOOD PRESSURE. FREE BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING WAS BEING OFFERED TODAY AT THE S_GLprH4R4I-00023-00002182-00002188 FREE BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING WAS BEING OFFERED TODAY AT THE S_GLprH4R4I-00024-00002188-00002338 FREE BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING WAS BEING OFFERED TODAY AT THE MEDICAL CENTER IN CROSBY FROM 10 S_GLprH4R4I-00025-00002338-00002345 WAS BEING OFFERED TODAY AT THE MEDICAL CENTER IN CROSBY FROM 10 S_GLprH4R4I-00026-00002345-00002469 WAS BEING OFFERED TODAY AT THE MEDICAL CENTER IN CROSBY FROM 10 TO 6 P.M. S_GLprH4R4I-00027-00002469-00002475 MEDICAL CENTER IN CROSBY FROM 10 TO 6 P.M. S_GLprH4R4I-00028-00002475-00002629 MEDICAL CENTER IN CROSBY FROM 10 TO 6 P.M. A STROKE OCCURS WHEN A CLOT S_GLprH4R4I-00029-00002629-00002635 TO 6 P.M. A STROKE OCCURS WHEN A CLOT S_GLprH4R4I-00030-00002635-00002782 TO 6 P.M. A STROKE OCCURS WHEN A CLOT BLOCKS A BLOOD VESSEL, WHICH S_GLprH4R4I-00031-00002782-00002789 A STROKE OCCURS WHEN A CLOT BLOCKS A BLOOD VESSEL, WHICH S_GLprH4R4I-00032-00002789-00002902 A STROKE OCCURS WHEN A CLOT BLOCKS A BLOOD VESSEL, WHICH PREVENTS THE BRAIN FROM S_GLprH4R4I-00033-00002902-00002909 BLOCKS A BLOOD VESSEL, WHICH PREVENTS THE BRAIN FROM S_GLprH4R4I-00034-00002909-00003099 BLOCKS A BLOOD VESSEL, WHICH PREVENTS THE BRAIN FROM RECEIVING BLOOD AND OXYGEN. S_GLprH4R4I-00035-00003099-00003106 PREVENTS THE BRAIN FROM RECEIVING BLOOD AND OXYGEN. S_GLprH4R4I-00036-00003106-00003226 PREVENTS THE BRAIN FROM RECEIVING BLOOD AND OXYGEN. REDUCING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND S_GLprH4R4I-00037-00003226-00003233 RECEIVING BLOOD AND OXYGEN. REDUCING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND S_GLprH4R4I-00038-00003233-00003353 RECEIVING BLOOD AND OXYGEN. REDUCING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND WEIGHT CAN HELP REDUCE YOUR S_GLprH4R4I-00039-00003353-00003360 REDUCING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND WEIGHT CAN HELP REDUCE YOUR S_GLprH4R4I-00040-00003360-00003500 REDUCING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND WEIGHT CAN HELP REDUCE YOUR CHANCE OF HAVING A STROKE. S_GLprH4R4I-00041-00003500-00003506 WEIGHT CAN HELP REDUCE YOUR CHANCE OF HAVING A STROKE. S_GLprH4R4I-00042-00003506-00003686 WEIGHT CAN HELP REDUCE YOUR CHANCE OF HAVING A STROKE. >> LOTS OF PEOPLE -- PEOPLE THAT S_GLprH4R4I-00043-00003686-00003693 CHANCE OF HAVING A STROKE. >> LOTS OF PEOPLE -- PEOPLE THAT S_GLprH4R4I-00044-00003693-00003900 CHANCE OF HAVING A STROKE. >> LOTS OF PEOPLE -- PEOPLE THAT HAVE THEIR FIRST STROKE ARE S_GLprH4R4I-00045-00003900-00003907 >> LOTS OF PEOPLE -- PEOPLE THAT HAVE THEIR FIRST STROKE ARE S_GLprH4R4I-00046-00003907-00004057 >> LOTS OF PEOPLE -- PEOPLE THAT HAVE THEIR FIRST STROKE ARE OFTEN NOT AWARE THEY EVEN HAVE S_GLprH4R4I-00047-00004057-00004064 HAVE THEIR FIRST STROKE ARE OFTEN NOT AWARE THEY EVEN HAVE S_GLprH4R4I-00048-00004064-00004150 HAVE THEIR FIRST STROKE ARE OFTEN NOT AWARE THEY EVEN HAVE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. S_GLprH4R4I-00049-00004150-00004157 OFTEN NOT AWARE THEY EVEN HAVE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. S_GLprH4R4I-00050-00004157-00004264 OFTEN NOT AWARE THEY EVEN HAVE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. IF YOU'RE SCREENING IT AND S_GLprH4R4I-00051-00004264-00004270 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. IF YOU'RE SCREENING IT AND S_GLprH4R4I-00052-00004270-00004424 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. IF YOU'RE SCREENING IT AND PEOPLE ARE AWARE SOONER, THEN S_GLprH4R4I-00053-00004424-00004431 IF YOU'RE SCREENING IT AND PEOPLE ARE AWARE SOONER, THEN S_GLprH4R4I-00054-00004431-00004744 IF YOU'RE SCREENING IT AND PEOPLE ARE AWARE SOONER, THEN YOU CAN HELP PREVENT STROKE. S_GLprH4R4I-00055-00004744-00004751 PEOPLE ARE AWARE SOONER, THEN YOU CAN HELP PREVENT STROKE. S_GLprH4R4I-00056-00004751-00004868 PEOPLE ARE AWARE SOONER, THEN YOU CAN HELP PREVENT STROKE. >> DENNIS: FREE BLOOD PRESSURE S_GLprH4R4I-00057-00004868-00004874 YOU CAN HELP PREVENT STROKE. >> DENNIS: FREE BLOOD PRESSURE S_GLprH4R4I-00058-00004874-00004961 YOU CAN HELP PREVENT STROKE. >> DENNIS: FREE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND EDUCATION WILL BE S_GLprH4R4I-00059-00004961-00004968 >> DENNIS: FREE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND EDUCATION WILL BE S_GLprH4R4I-00060-00004968-00005091 >> DENNIS: FREE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND EDUCATION WILL BE HELD AGAIN ON FRIDAY, THE 19th S_bTXilCUGE-00000-00000003-00000654 Hello my name is Anne Gould and I'm from Wokingwordz Media and I'm a journalist S_bTXilCUGE-00001-00000654-00001344 a video trainer and I do video production as well. So the reason I'm S_bTXilCUGE-00002-00001344-00001848 making this video is because I'm very aware that there is a sort of a new S_bTXilCUGE-00003-00001848-00002400 phobia, a new fear that's sweeping the internet right now and this is fear of S_bTXilCUGE-00004-00002400-00003081 being in front of a video camera. Now it can strike anyone it can strike actors S_bTXilCUGE-00005-00003081-00003489 you know Shakespearean actors that are really happy to go on a S_bTXilCUGE-00006-00003489-00004053 professional stage and talk in front of sort of thousands of people and S_bTXilCUGE-00007-00004053-00004478 do their lines and then they find themselves on camera and they go S_bTXilCUGE-00008-00004478-00004948 on camera and they really don't like the way they look. This fear can strike S_bTXilCUGE-00009-00004948-00005394 professionals, academics who are at the very S_bTXilCUGE-00010-00005394-00006164 top of their game very able to give lectures to lecture hall full of S_bTXilCUGE-00011-00006164-00006702 students or their contemporaries and then S_bTXilCUGE-00012-00006702-00007109 this little device which is called a smartphone trips them up and makes them S_bTXilCUGE-00013-00007109-00007602 terrified. It can strike people like me my background is print S_bTXilCUGE-00014-00007602-00008054 journalism but I've always been sort of one of those backs backroom boys that S_bTXilCUGE-00015-00008054-00008403 you know sort of gets on and sort of head down ferrits away types S_bTXilCUGE-00016-00008403-00008972 like crazy and you know doesn't doesn't really show their face to the world. S_bTXilCUGE-00017-00008972-00009557 But now video technology means that we've got to get in front of the camera S_bTXilCUGE-00018-00009557-00010082 and we've got to be able to talk. Now lots of people say oh they are all these S_bTXilCUGE-00019-00010082-00010506 tips and tricks and you know and we can get it right for you S_bTXilCUGE-00020-00010506-00010889 we can sort the lighting out we can sort out the audio S_bTXilCUGE-00021-00010889-00011336 we can get hair done makeup and you know you know S_bTXilCUGE-00022-00011336-00011729 exactly what your script is. All yes all those things sort of help but S_bTXilCUGE-00023-00011729-00012132 you know but if you've got this stuff that's going on in your head S_bTXilCUGE-00024-00012132-00012754 that's saying I'm hang on a minute I really don't look like that and S_bTXilCUGE-00025-00012754-00013080 actually do I look that bad? All those things don't S_bTXilCUGE-00026-00013080-00013609 help. So I was actually in that situation myself S_bTXilCUGE-00027-00013609-00014306 and I you know really didn't know what what was going on and because I like to S_bTXilCUGE-00028-00014306-00014747 dig away at things and find out the reasons why I came across some really S_bTXilCUGE-00029-00014747-00015337 good science and once I understood that I was able to sort of get over this S_bTXilCUGE-00030-00015337-00015862 hurdle and realise it was what S_bTXilCUGE-00031-00015862-00016384 some people call the reptile brain playing tricks on ourselves. Now we S_bTXilCUGE-00032-00016384-00016931 all know very well what we look like don't we? You look in the mirror S_bTXilCUGE-00033-00016931-00017303 every single morning and you know and probably if you're a woman you've S_bTXilCUGE-00034-00017303-00017609 probably looked in the mirror more than once during the day S_bTXilCUGE-00035-00017609-00017948 to check your hair, to check your makeup, to check S_bTXilCUGE-00036-00017948-00018428 how your clothes are looking and and as you S_bTXilCUGE-00037-00018428-00018812 get older you sort of like look in the mirror with maybe a S_bTXilCUGE-00038-00018812-00019241 little bit of fear because you think oh my goodness me you know the hair is not S_bTXilCUGE-00039-00019241-00019664 doing the right thing they suddenly become frizzy or there are some gray S_bTXilCUGE-00040-00019664-00020131 hairs that I don't like or there's some lines or wrinkles and or S_bTXilCUGE-00041-00020131-00020545 you know maybe you're just not as slim as you once were - and yes I'm in S_bTXilCUGE-00042-00020545-00021176 that club, yes I'm there. But I know what I look like and then I was started doing S_bTXilCUGE-00043-00021176-00021809 this research and discovered that actually my brain has been tricking me S_bTXilCUGE-00044-00021809-00022451 all my life as to what I look like and this explains why I don't like pictures S_bTXilCUGE-00045-00022451-00022960 of myself and why I don't like all sorts of things about S_bTXilCUGE-00046-00022960-00023356 being on video because what happens is is when you look at yourself in the S_bTXilCUGE-00047-00023356-00023866 mirror you see a reflection and you think that that you look like that S_bTXilCUGE-00048-00023866-00024656 reflection, but in fact you don't, because it's all the other way around. Now the S_bTXilCUGE-00049-00024656-00025466 way that this ties in with our reptile brain is that ancient S_bTXilCUGE-00050-00025466-00025937 man was living in the savannas or plains or S_bTXilCUGE-00051-00025937-00026258 you know they all they had caves and you know there were lot of wild animals S_bTXilCUGE-00052-00026258-00026672 about and you know and life was generally dangerous. S_bTXilCUGE-00053-00026672-00027257 Our brains evolved to be able to spot something that wasn't quite right S_bTXilCUGE-00054-00027257-00027733 in though bushes so you know there's a bit of funny rustling in the bushes and S_bTXilCUGE-00055-00027733-00028232 it might just be very slight the the anomaly but we'd S_bTXilCUGE-00056-00028232-00028811 notice it and the reason was that behind those bushes might lurk S_bTXilCUGE-00057-00028811-00029180 a nasty predator you know a sabre -toothed tiger that was going to sort of leap out S_bTXilCUGE-00058-00029180-00029900 and eat us up and so our brains evolved to spot that problem and so that it gave S_bTXilCUGE-00059-00029900-00030352 us a bit of time to turn around and leg it fast back into it into our cave or to a S_bTXilCUGE-00060-00030352-00031007 place of safety. Now it's that mechanism that that is triggered when we see S_bTXilCUGE-00061-00031007-00031505 ourselves on camera and we think actually we don't look like that, we S_bTXilCUGE-00062-00031505-00031966 actually look like the person that we see in the mirror every day but in fact S_bTXilCUGE-00063-00031966-00032429 our brains are under an illusion that S_bTXilCUGE-00064-00032429-00032915 in fact what we think we look like we don't S_bTXilCUGE-00065-00032915-00033605 actually look like so so that there's that little mechanism going on. There's S_bTXilCUGE-00066-00033605-00033926 another thing about the way we sound. S_bTXilCUGE-00067-00033926-00034244 Now when I learnt to do video I did a course S_bTXilCUGE-00068-00034244-00034676 with the world's leading video journalist this is about five years ago S_bTXilCUGE-00069-00034676-00034982 and you know I have to say it was the best thing I ever did in the whole of my S_bTXilCUGE-00070-00034982-00035600 life and it was four days, it was really intense, it was at the S_bTXilCUGE-00071-00035600-00036230 Guardian newspaper in London and they taught us a few things S_bTXilCUGE-00072-00036230-00036635 about shooting video and threw us out on the street, saying go and shoot video. S_bTXilCUGE-00073-00036635-00037085 Now as a journalist I was actually able to go and find stories S_bTXilCUGE-00074-00037085-00037625 with not too much difficulty but you know and you know I was able to come back and S_bTXilCUGE-00075-00037625-00037994 you know we looked at the footage and we got some S_bTXilCUGE-00076-00037994-00038447 a very useful critique I would say, and then we had to edit it and we had S_bTXilCUGE-00077-00038447-00038876 lots of help you know doing all the sort of technical stuff and and then they S_bTXilCUGE-00078-00038876-00039466 said go and put a voiceover on this and and I'm went ooh I don't like the way I S_bTXilCUGE-00079-00039466-00040061 sound, so I obviously I did the voiceover S_bTXilCUGE-00080-00040061-00040462 because I'd paid a lot of money for the course but what happened was that I S_bTXilCUGE-00081-00040462-00041347 discovered that we don't hear our own voices the way that everybody S_bTXilCUGE-00082-00041347-00042025 else hears them. What we hear is the sound in our head and we hear the voice S_bTXilCUGE-00083-00042025-00042506 waves that come out from here and into our ears, so everybody else hears us in a S_bTXilCUGE-00084-00042506-00043031 slightly different way and of course when you're recorded that's what you S_bTXilCUGE-00085-00043031-00043402 hear so when you come back to do the edit your think ," No, no I don't sound S_bTXilCUGE-00086-00043402-00044240 like that". Well actually you do, so how do you get over this? Well for me I think S_bTXilCUGE-00087-00044240-00044641 learning about the science and there is more science but I'm aware that you know S_bTXilCUGE-00088-00044641-00045106 I've sort of been talking quite a while now that that learning about S_bTXilCUGE-00089-00045106-00045622 all this science has has really helped me get in front of the camera and not S_bTXilCUGE-00090-00045622-00046315 feel so terrified. The other thing I say to people my students is that actually S_bTXilCUGE-00091-00046315-00046912 people aren't there to look at you and say oh my S_bTXilCUGE-00092-00046912-00047519 goodness me her hair is a bit grey or or whatever, they're there to S_bTXilCUGE-00093-00047519-00048062 listen to your expertise and to learn from you so I think you S_bTXilCUGE-00094-00048062-00048487 need to try and detach yourself a little bit from being on the S_bTXilCUGE-00095-00048487-00048988 video and your message because it's your message that's the most S_bTXilCUGE-00096-00048988-00049416 important thing. And ..... S_bTXilCUGE-00097-00050133-00050833 and you know I've just spoken for eight minutes non-stop and my brain went S_bTXilCUGE-00098-00050833-00051376 blank and this is another problem that happens but actually you know if that S_bTXilCUGE-00099-00051376-00051978 little problem occurs you can fix it in the edit and that's why I think that S_bTXilCUGE-00100-00051978-00052470 when you're making video you actually need to actually absorb a whole load of S_bTXilCUGE-00101-00052470-00052963 extra skills because you know that if you sort of make a hiccup you can change S_bTXilCUGE-00102-00052963-00053575 it and you can change it easily and you know hey you can always S_bTXilCUGE-00103-00053575-00054105 record something again but my top tip is is that you need to start making video S_bTXilCUGE-00104-00054105-00054610 and you need to start making those videos and the more you edit videos of S_bTXilCUGE-00105-00054610-00055041 yourself and the more times that you hear yourself on the screen and in fact S_bTXilCUGE-00106-00055041-00055557 the more times you start to talk the better it will be in the long run. So S_bTXilCUGE-00107-00055557-00056041 good luck and if you've got any questions I am very very happy to answer S_bTXilCUGE-00108-00056041-00056274 them SAv2OdN1QVY-00000-00000000-00000397 Look, this is the top floor. Is this the top floor? SAv2OdN1QVY-00001-00000397-00000597 Because… oh, and I also… SANJn59YzL0-00000-00000016-00000616 now and i'm gonna parallel this now to just just jump into nil and with your book because SANJn59YzL0-00001-00000616-00001024 now we're almost what it's almost been like a year we're coming up on a year in a few months SANJn59YzL0-00002-00001096-00001720 right of of nil what have you just just give me give me your thought like what have you seen SANJn59YzL0-00003-00001807-00002520 uh and you know do you think this is still a positive with with niu just just yeah yeah yeah SANJn59YzL0-00004-00002600-00003544 yeah um any kind of segue to you and what you were talking about um with protecting your livelihood SANJn59YzL0-00005-00003544-00004448 and your legacy i think for us when i say us the black brown communities we've been i don't want to SANJn59YzL0-00006-00004448-00005176 say we've been taught this but we're short-sighted we only see things as fast gratification what can SANJn59YzL0-00007-00005176-00005584 i get now what can i make now well if i start this business i start this brand it's going to SANJn59YzL0-00008-00005584-00006416 pay me x amount of dollars now and so we we don't invest the time or the money if necessary you know SANJn59YzL0-00009-00006416-00007184 to properly educate ourselves and properly put um provisions in place that will actually help us to SANJn59YzL0-00010-00007256-00007688 to reap the benefits that we think we want or that we think we're going to see SANJn59YzL0-00011-00007800-00008600 now um and i i can go so far in depth of why i feel like that is that is the case i know we SANJn59YzL0-00012-00008600-00009128 are centuries behind our white brothers and sisters on their family you know families SANJn59YzL0-00013-00009128-00009728 having the education and the know-how of creating long-term sustainability in the different vehicles SANJn59YzL0-00014-00009728-00010400 of how to do that but it doesn't mean that we are inept or incapable incapable or too inferior SANJn59YzL0-00015-00010400-00010904 to be able to do it because there are black and brown individuals who have been able to do that SANJn59YzL0-00016-00010904-00011536 so now it's just being able to re educate ourselves around some things but also having SANJn59YzL0-00017-00011536-00012080 the confidence to have the real hard conversations with our families and our friends especially if SANJn59YzL0-00018-00012080-00012784 you happen to be that person um that have come into a particular fortune or your own ideas and SANJn59YzL0-00019-00012784-00013304 business have helped you to create a fortune it's your responsibility to have that confidence and SANJn59YzL0-00020-00013304-00013888 to have those real conversations so that you can actually protect the legacy that you have created SANJn59YzL0-00021-00013944-00014624 um and so to segue that with name image and likeness i do think is a good idea but i it SANJn59YzL0-00022-00014624-00015440 is it has its problems as do anything one thing i one myth i do want to dispel for folks is that SANJn59YzL0-00023-00015552-00016440 name image and likeness is not new it's not a new concept it's something that's been around forever SANJn59YzL0-00024-00016496-00017360 um but as far as it being in the space of college sports and allowing college athletes to monetize SANJn59YzL0-00025-00017432-00018184 on you know their own celebrity it's new in that sense right so traditionally it's athletic SANJn59YzL0-00026-00018184-00018832 associations and universities the coaches and whomever else everybody but the athlete that have SANJn59YzL0-00027-00018832-00019624 been um paid handsomely because of the i want to say sacrifice and the athleticism of the athlete SANJn59YzL0-00028-00019704-00020352 so now with this new law that has either been enacted in multiple states or proposed in multiple SANJn59YzL0-00029-00020352-00020880 states it's basically saying that as a student athlete you do have the right to make money SANJn59YzL0-00030-00020880-00021240 based on your name your image and or your likeness SANJn59YzL0-00031-00021312-00021880 um but it can't be from your school or someone who's tied to your school so it has to be SANJn59YzL0-00032-00021880-00022480 you making a deal with a third party so when we're talking about and i'm just going to sum it up as SANJn59YzL0-00033-00022480-00022992 nil so if you guys hear name image and likeness nil some people refer to it as nli because SANJn59YzL0-00034-00022992-00023656 nil and other languages means none nothing if you hear neil yeah so you might hear people say nli SANJn59YzL0-00035-00023752-00024440 um but yeah so your nil is essentially your intellectual property rights SANJn59YzL0-00036-00024440-00025240 and there are multiple states that statutorily already have um rules on the books to allow you to SANJn59YzL0-00037-00025320-00025992 either license your your rights which we call your publicity rights to a third party or SANJn59YzL0-00038-00026072-00026783 secondary party whomever it may be for um what is the verbiage um for commercial game SANJn59YzL0-00039-00026856-00027456 so that's really what you're what you know nil is and then some of the statues if you look at SANJn59YzL0-00040-00027456-00028176 it it will possibly even talk about having an intellectual or publicity right based on state or SANJn59YzL0-00041-00028176-00028695 federal so if they're talking about state then you may end up having to also look at your particular SANJn59YzL0-00042-00028695-00029239 state uh right of publicity if your state has one to kind of fill in the gaps for that but SANJn59YzL0-00043-00029295-00030232 essentially that's what it is um i think that there are problems because we're dealing with SANJn59YzL0-00044-00030232-00030880 student athletes who for the most part are busy especially if we're talking about SANJn59YzL0-00045-00030880-00031432 popular sport athletes um football is the first one that comes to mind because a lot of us know SANJn59YzL0-00046-00031536-00032160 what the environment is you know for football athletes it's constant practice constant SANJn59YzL0-00047-00032264-00033112 game day and very little time for anything else and so um when we're looking at the time that is SANJn59YzL0-00048-00033112-00034056 available to a student athlete having a business or creating a brand throws in another layer of SANJn59YzL0-00049-00034056-00034568 issues that i don't know if they are technically ready for but that's also one of the reasons why SANJn59YzL0-00050-00034568-00035256 we have to make sure we properly educate our children um on communication on team building SANJn59YzL0-00051-00035256-00035848 on um understanding how and when to ask the right questions so you know you got the right person SANJn59YzL0-00052-00035848-00036696 working for you the one thing that scares me the most about name image and likeness is it could SANJn59YzL0-00053-00036696-00037376 create an earlier time frame for athletes to be taken advantage of than their counterparts SANJn59YzL0-00054-00037376-00038192 in the pro in the pros you get what i'm saying um but on the flip side it could do the opposite it SANJn59YzL0-00055-00038192-00038704 could help these athletes to build something that could create a beautiful foundation for SANJn59YzL0-00056-00038704-00039256 their future where they don't have to depend on going pro 4. now for some athletes who may not SANJn59YzL0-00057-00039256-00039808 get because it's not going to be a majority of athletes who get these huge brand deals SANJn59YzL0-00058-00039912-00040512 um but for those who don't it this is still an opportunity for you and if if you are a SANJn59YzL0-00059-00040512-00041000 student athlete trying to figure out okay do i take advantage of this rule or do i not SANJn59YzL0-00060-00041000-00041592 i would say yes because there's still something called networking and creating relationships SANJn59YzL0-00061-00041688-00042408 that could be worth more to you than any amount of money especially once you leave college so we know SANJn59YzL0-00062-00042408-00043024 that a lot of athletes especially popular sport athletes who haven't had time to do an internship SANJn59YzL0-00063-00043024-00043720 or um you know have a particular job or other extracurricular activities beside their sport SANJn59YzL0-00064-00043816-00044552 traditionally would graduate or not even graduate without any plans whatsoever which also means not SANJn59YzL0-00065-00044552-00045120 having real relationships that they could um i don't want to say monetize but that they could SANJn59YzL0-00066-00045120-00045600 take advantage of you know what i'm saying to at least see what are some opportunities that i could SANJn59YzL0-00067-00045600-00046216 do can i call joe blow over here and see if maybe you know they got an opening in this office so SANJn59YzL0-00068-00046216-00046696 i i do think there are good things that could happen with nil but on the flip side there are a SANJn59YzL0-00069-00046696-00047344 lot of things that could go wrong but it's also i feel like it's also responsibility of the athletic SANJn59YzL0-00070-00047344-00047968 associations the schools um to really educate student athletes around all of the parameters SANJn59YzL0-00071-00047968-00048440 not just a few not just the things that are going to make the school money but all of the things SANJn59YzL0-00072-00048440-00048920 so that they can be properly prepared to pretty much step into the shoes of being an entrepreneur SChsGPF6z3A-00000-00000072-00000432 i have made a new update. if any questions are removed, SChsGPF6z3A-00001-00000432-00001000 you can now make videos for 30 minutes, not 60 minutes, like it was about 20 minutes ago, SChsGPF6z3A-00002-00001000-00001592 and not never, like it was around 30 minutes ago, when it was eventually allowed. SCkf-ETPRJE-00000-00000032-00000424 Hello Vikings and welcome back to another Assassin's Creed Valhalla video in this SCkf-ETPRJE-00001-00000424-00001088 episode we are gonna go through new trophies of the mastery challenges well trophies is SCkf-ETPRJE-00002-00001144-00001912 wrong word better word would be a trophy so just one i don't know why but yeah just one and the SCkf-ETPRJE-00003-00001912-00002616 trophy it is called full master and what we need we need to earn all gold medals available in SCkf-ETPRJE-00004-00002616-00003488 mastery challenge so as one unit master challenge so that actually makes me think there will be no SCkf-ETPRJE-00005-00003488-00004296 shrines like we can see here they were found in England a little bit northwest from Ravensthorpe SCkf-ETPRJE-00006-00004376-00005032 a long time ago at that point thanks to Kaylee from dark striders comments channel SCkf-ETPRJE-00007-00005112-00005648 huge shout out to both of them Dark Strider's channel link will be in description box down below SCkf-ETPRJE-00008-00005712-00006464 so be sure to check him out before moving on remember to hit the like hit the sub turn on SCkf-ETPRJE-00009-00006464-00007144 the notifications so whatever miss anything that i upload and i will be doing guides for the new SCkf-ETPRJE-00010-00007144-00007968 mastered challenges like i did for old ones there will be playlist card in the upper right corner of SCkf-ETPRJE-00011-00007968-00008672 the screen right now if you still are missing some gold medals from the previous mastery challenges SCkf-ETPRJE-00012-00009072-00009728 and like i said earlier what makes me think there is no shrines or shrine this time SCkf-ETPRJE-00013-00009728-00010472 well as you might already know there is a cave really close of Ravensthorpe in the mountains SCkf-ETPRJE-00014-00010536-00011304 after completing all the quests for Hildiran we are going there and we can actually open the door. SCkf-ETPRJE-00015-00011304-00011992 Running door the last of the rock has been cleared now you will see the full entryway SCkf-ETPRJE-00016-00012328-00012832 this was here the whole time we built our settlement so close to it and had no idea SCkf-ETPRJE-00017-00012904-00013519 there are no coincidences when the gods are involved everything happens as needed SCkf-ETPRJE-00018-00013800-00014216 i cannot see how to open it that is because Freyja built it SCkf-ETPRJE-00019-00014216-00014760 so that only someone with the strength and will of the all father himself could open SCkf-ETPRJE-00020-00014760-00015640 it ah so that is why you put me through so many trials exactly now take this and hold it aloft SCkf-ETPRJE-00021-00016752-00018384 there that is what we have come for reach out and take the orb Eivor SCkf-ETPRJE-00022-00019112-00019736 good now hand it to me after the questline we are getting into the cave we are getting the SCkf-ETPRJE-00023-00019736-00020640 over inside and there will be three portals one in the left one in the right and one in front of us SCkf-ETPRJE-00024-00020792-00021480 when we are actually asking how Hildiran is progressing with Odin's eye she will tell us this SCkf-ETPRJE-00025-00021648-00022272 but you are stronger and now have access to my weapons and armor seems like it was worth it SCkf-ETPRJE-00026-00022328-00023152 continue to train hugerheim will always be open to you how are you progressing with odin's eye good SCkf-ETPRJE-00027-00023256-00023840 i will let you know when i have unlocked its secrets so still nothing and that was from SCkf-ETPRJE-00028-00023840-00024416 this week also the shop is still empty i really think we are getting something into the store SCkf-ETPRJE-00029-00024416-00024776 when the new master challenges will hit us and i strongly believe SCkf-ETPRJE-00030-00024864-00025536 we are gonna see new master challenges in a week or two and now i really think we are going to go SCkf-ETPRJE-00031-00025536-00026304 through these portals using the power of odin's eye so all three portals we have three challenges SCkf-ETPRJE-00032-00026368-00027127 bear raven and wolf even the colors they are indicating that that might be actually the SCkf-ETPRJE-00033-00027127-00028183 case but take that with grain of salt for now wolf pack let's roll the outro SCkf-ETPRJE-00034-00028976-00029464 thanks for watching remember to hit the like hit the sub turn on the notifications SCkf-ETPRJE-00035-00029464-00029992 so you won't ever miss anything that i upload or when i go live also vikings SCkf-ETPRJE-00036-00029992-00030983 have fun stay safe be strong hope to see you in the next one Skatha over and out, bye bye SCvnZ10OiyY-00000-00009020-00009090 Smart vacuum machine SCvnZ10OiyY-00001-00010460-00010780 This is the layout of the Jewel, 4 Affiliated buildings Three are linked, and the 4th is separated SCvnZ10OiyY-00002-00010860-00010910 our departure from terminal 3 SCvnZ10OiyY-00003-00011240-00011450 initially, we're going to pass on terminal 1, where the Jewel mall located SCvnZ10OiyY-00004-00011480-00011590 Nouf and I, we reach the most beautiful airport in the world. SCvnZ10OiyY-00005-00012020-00012440 Changi Airport ranked first place by Sky Trax 7 times respectively. SCvnZ10OiyY-00006-00012620-00013619 As we've mentioned that the airport contains 4 Affiliated buildings, three are linked, and the 4th is separated. SCvnZ10OiyY-00007-00013750-00014000 And currently, the fifth building is under construction SCvnZ10OiyY-00008-00014200-00015260 The best service provided by the airport is the early chick-in SCvnZ10OiyY-00009-00015469-00015980 and now we're going to enter and start discovering. SCvnZ10OiyY-00010-00016010-00016410 Imagine that, the airport costs them One and a quarter billion dollars SCvnZ10OiyY-00011-00016430-00017080 In 2018, the airport has been visited by more than 66 million visitors. SCvnZ10OiyY-00012-00017180-00017260 This service provided in Terminal 1 SCvnZ10OiyY-00013-00039020-00039260 Even for the accessories, they invented what? SCvnZ10OiyY-00014-00039360-00039440 a vending machine SCvnZ10OiyY-00015-00039540-00039740 Nouf! Buy me something. SCvnZ10OiyY-00016-00039840-00040540 Another service provided by the Jewel is the Yotel Hotel SCvnZ10OiyY-00017-00042784-00042984 And another more service is Spa SCvnZ10OiyY-00018-00049528-00050560 The airport considered a very entertainment spot, so try to make it earlier for more than 3 hours to take a tour. SCvnZ10OiyY-00019-00050648-00051216 and I advise you to don't forget to shop and miss your flight :) SCvnZ10OiyY-00020-00051216-00051608 Thus, our journey in Singapore is over SCvnZ10OiyY-00021-00051608-00052176 don't forget to leave a comment, share, like, and subscribe, if you like the video. SCzGheObU4Q-00000-00000108-00000656 Zajcu37 представляет. Перевёл Мистер GF. Приятного просмотра SCzGheObU4Q-00001-00001030-00001140 Скрытые секреты SCzGheObU4Q-00002-00004386-00004526 Той Чика SCzGheObU4Q-00003-00004870-00005034 Что происходит? SCzGheObU4Q-00004-00005112-00005408 Слишком много всего произошло за последнее время SCzGheObU4Q-00005-00005910-00006042 Подожди! SCzGheObU4Q-00006-00006048-00006176 Я чувствую это! SCzGheObU4Q-00007-00006182-00006282 Я чувствую его боль! SCzGheObU4Q-00008-00006386-00006523 О чем ты говоришь? SCzGheObU4Q-00009-00006764-00006900 Фокси! SCzGheObU4Q-00010-00006984-00007058 Он мертв! SCzGheObU4Q-00011-00007180-00007398 Я чувствую, что он уходит! SCzGheObU4Q-00012-00007431-00007572 Как это возможно? SCzGheObU4Q-00013-00007638-00007738 Я не знаю SCzGheObU4Q-00014-00008322-00008426 Нет! SCzGheObU4Q-00015-00008614-00008798 Оставь меня! SCzGheObU4Q-00016-00010648-00010808 Что это? SCzGheObU4Q-00017-00011513-00011633 Марионетка! SCzGheObU4Q-00018-00011694-00011906 Я должна тебе кое-что показать! SCzGheObU4Q-00019-00012484-00012654 Телепорт работает SCzGheObU4Q-00020-00012722-00012944 Портативное устройство эффективно SCzGheObU4Q-00021-00013019-00013436 Мне все еще нужно проверить, правильно ли работают дополнительные устройства SCzGheObU4Q-00022-00013488-00013669 У меня очень мало времени SCzGheObU4Q-00023-00013741-00014084 Надо спешить, иначе все будет напрасно SHkniMDGT-A-00000-00000212-00001226 I feel that we as a species and as a generation have the responsibility to deeply understand SHkniMDGT-A-00001-00001226-00001669 and let at printed record for the future generations about what's going on now in Venezuela and SHkniMDGT-A-00002-00001669-00001972 what have happened in the past two decades. SHkniMDGT-A-00003-00001972-00002836 It is very important than we create enough literature so that future generations and SHkniMDGT-A-00004-00002836-00003289 our own are able to sufficiently understand what is going on. SHkniMDGT-A-00005-00003289-00003964 And maybe there is no better way to communicate a social and historical events that literature. SHkniMDGT-A-00006-00003964-00004773 Because literature and art in general have the ability to connect with people to a very SHkniMDGT-A-00007-00004773-00004992 deep, personal level. SHkniMDGT-A-00008-00004992-00005536 It allows us not only to speak with solid statistical and factual data, but it allows SHkniMDGT-A-00009-00005536-00005894 us to tell it from a very human point of view. SHkniMDGT-A-00010-00005894-00006411 This story is told from the point of view of four families that genuinely live the experience SHkniMDGT-A-00011-00006411-00006696 and struggled the events that the book describes. SHkniMDGT-A-00012-00006696-00007125 This book allows the reader to feel the experience and struggles of these four families in their SHkniMDGT-A-00013-00007125-00007328 own skin. SHkniMDGT-A-00014-00007328-00007731 Speaking from the point of view of this families allowed the writers to create a story that SHkniMDGT-A-00015-00007731-00008374 is historically very precise, but also very human and very rough and powerful. SHkniMDGT-A-00016-00008374-00009003 It allows the reader to capture the delicacy of the subtle moments in the life of the characters SHkniMDGT-A-00017-00009003-00009710 and also to feel the pain and understand the magnitude of the events that occurred. SHkniMDGT-A-00018-00009710-00010288 It's a very real and very intimate reading experience. SHkniMDGT-A-00019-00010288-00010550 It is a very human book. SHkniMDGT-A-00020-00010550-00011056 And I think it is that way because it had been inspired by the personal experience of SHkniMDGT-A-00021-00011056-00011645 Carolina and her own family and friends who were part of the story. SHkniMDGT-A-00022-00011645-00012402 Many of them were forced to leave their families and hometowns and move to a different countries SHkniMDGT-A-00023-00012402-00012549 looking for opportunities. SHkniMDGT-A-00024-00012549-00013293 In these personal experience along with a very deep and responsible research, allowed SHkniMDGT-A-00025-00013293-00014124 the writers to create this piece of work that I feel that really deserves to be read for SHkniMDGT-A-00026-00014124-00014363 as much people as possible. SHkniMDGT-A-00027-00014363-00014975 Please join this community today and help us to reach our goal and turned this book SHkniMDGT-A-00028-00014975-00015529 into a reality, so that we can share this story with as many people as possible around SHkniMDGT-A-00029-00015529-00015676 the world. SHkniMDGT-A-00030-00015676-00016324 If you are not in the position to economically help now, you can help us by sharing the video SHkniMDGT-A-00031-00016324-00016924 with your relatives, your family and friends, so that we all together can take this message SHkniMDGT-A-00032-00016924-00017131 around the world. SIGCZXyCi5E-00000-00000567-00000917 11 Tips for businesses with long names SIGCZXyCi5E-00001-00000917-00001014 to design logos SIGCZXyCi5E-00002-00001014-00001237 that look professional and unique. SIGCZXyCi5E-00003-00001264-00001461 (Also, make sure to check out the blog SIGCZXyCi5E-00004-00001461-00001721 for examples of famous logos SIGCZXyCi5E-00005-00001721-00001988 with long company names to inspire you.) SIGCZXyCi5E-00006-00001995-00002198 Tip #1 - Keep it simple. SIGCZXyCi5E-00007-00002218-00002419 The brain processes a logo’s SIGCZXyCi5E-00008-00002419-00002816 visual elements in 400 milliseconds. SIGCZXyCi5E-00009-00002839-00003003 That's the amount of time SIGCZXyCi5E-00010-00003003-00003303 you have to make the first impression. SIGCZXyCi5E-00011-00003313-00003456 This means avoiding SIGCZXyCi5E-00012-00003456-00003636 unnecessary embellishments SIGCZXyCi5E-00013-00003636-00003807 like shadows, gradients SIGCZXyCi5E-00014-00003807-00003987 and other effects. SIGCZXyCi5E-00015-00003987-00004130 A clean, straightforward SIGCZXyCi5E-00016-00004130-00004247 logo will communicate SIGCZXyCi5E-00017-00004247-00004527 professionalism and sophistication. SIGCZXyCi5E-00018-00004531-00004698 Tip #2 - Use SIGCZXyCi5E-00019-00004698-00004831 clean, simple fonts SIGCZXyCi5E-00020-00004831-00005008 that are easy to read. SIGCZXyCi5E-00021-00005008-00005178 One of the most important things SIGCZXyCi5E-00022-00005178-00005258 to consider SIGCZXyCi5E-00023-00005258-00005388 when choosing a font for SIGCZXyCi5E-00024-00005388-00005615 logos is readability. SIGCZXyCi5E-00025-00005618-00005759 You want potential clients SIGCZXyCi5E-00026-00005759-00006036 to be able to read your company name SIGCZXyCi5E-00027-00006036-00006216 when looking at your logo. SIGCZXyCi5E-00028-00006216-00006483 The words need to be quick to grasp SIGCZXyCi5E-00029-00006483-00006613 at first glance. SIGCZXyCi5E-00030-00006613-00006966 So, avoid using fancy or script fonts SIGCZXyCi5E-00031-00006983-00007250 that can be really difficult to decipher. SIGCZXyCi5E-00032-00007257-00007580 Next, make sure the spacing is right. SIGCZXyCi5E-00033-00007594-00007667 An important SIGCZXyCi5E-00034-00007667-00007997 element of typography is spacing. SIGCZXyCi5E-00035-00008001-00008181 Too much or too little space SIGCZXyCi5E-00036-00008181-00008284 between the letters SIGCZXyCi5E-00037-00008284-00008438 and the words can make your logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00038-00008438-00008605 look unfinished. SIGCZXyCi5E-00039-00008615-00008675 Next. SIGCZXyCi5E-00040-00008675-00008938 Avoid using too many colors. SIGCZXyCi5E-00041-00008948-00009089 Another way to keep a logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00042-00009089-00009229 looking professional SIGCZXyCi5E-00043-00009229-00009429 and not too busy is to limit SIGCZXyCi5E-00044-00009429-00009642 the number of colors that you use. SIGCZXyCi5E-00045-00009649-00009733 Although I'm SIGCZXyCi5E-00046-00009733-00010033 a big fan of rainbows and bright colors, SIGCZXyCi5E-00047-00010036-00010186 using too many colors in SIGCZXyCi5E-00048-00010186-00010367 branding is a different story. SIGCZXyCi5E-00049-00010367-00010467 But keep this in mind SIGCZXyCi5E-00050-00010467-00010640 this is the most important part: SIGCZXyCi5E-00051-00010640-00010850 if it works in black and white, SIGCZXyCi5E-00052-00010850-00011117 I promise you it will work in color. SIGCZXyCi5E-00053-00011134-00011261 I typically recommend SIGCZXyCi5E-00054-00011261-00011511 using one main color for the logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00055-00011514-00011725 with a variety of other colors SIGCZXyCi5E-00056-00011725-00011795 in your color SIGCZXyCi5E-00057-00011795-00011911 palette to give you SIGCZXyCi5E-00058-00011911-00012112 flexibility in your branding. SIGCZXyCi5E-00059-00012142-00012282 This will help your logo appear SIGCZXyCi5E-00060-00012282-00012562 cohesive and easy to understand. SIGCZXyCi5E-00061-00012572-00012859 Next, build a cohesive color scheme. SIGCZXyCi5E-00062-00012896-00013013 When choosing colors SIGCZXyCi5E-00063-00013013-00013166 for your logo, it's important SIGCZXyCi5E-00064-00013166-00013416 to create a cohesive color scheme too. SIGCZXyCi5E-00065-00013419-00013630 This means picking colors that work SIGCZXyCi5E-00066-00013630-00013880 well together and complement each other. SIGCZXyCi5E-00067-00013900-00014197 Next, avoid using too many fonts. SIGCZXyCi5E-00068-00014227-00014337 As with colors, SIGCZXyCi5E-00069-00014337-00014437 you want to limit SIGCZXyCi5E-00070-00014437-00014624 the numbers of fonts SIGCZXyCi5E-00071-00014624-00014804 that you use in your logo. SIGCZXyCi5E-00072-00014804-00014954 Too many fonts can make SIGCZXyCi5E-00073-00014954-00015265 a long logo look busy and complicated. SIGCZXyCi5E-00074-00015265-00015445 So here's a challenge for you: SIGCZXyCi5E-00075-00015445-00015742 Stick to one or two fonts maximum SIGCZXyCi5E-00076-00015765-00016052 and be sure to choose fonts that work SIGCZXyCi5E-00077-00016052-00016156 well together. SIGCZXyCi5E-00078-00016156-00016209 Next, SIGCZXyCi5E-00079-00016209-00016483 make sure the proportions are balanced. SIGCZXyCi5E-00080-00016509-00016606 Another important SIGCZXyCi5E-00081-00016606-00016803 aspect of a logo with a long SIGCZXyCi5E-00082-00016803-00017027 name is proportion. SIGCZXyCi5E-00083-00017027-00017107 For instance, SIGCZXyCi5E-00084-00017107-00017330 you can choose to use your first name SIGCZXyCi5E-00085-00017330-00017454 as the main focus SIGCZXyCi5E-00086-00017454-00017557 and your last name SIGCZXyCi5E-00087-00017557-00017764 as a secondary element. SIGCZXyCi5E-00088-00017764-00017977 Often the proportion of your elements SIGCZXyCi5E-00089-00017977-00018124 can make all the difference SIGCZXyCi5E-00090-00018124-00018241 in helping your logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00091-00018241-00018531 look visually appealing and easy to read. SIGCZXyCi5E-00092-00018545-00018815 Next, add an icon. SIGCZXyCi5E-00093-00018838-00019005 If you're struggling with the long SIGCZXyCi5E-00094-00019005-00019152 name’s challenge, SIGCZXyCi5E-00095-00019152-00019305 you may want to consider SIGCZXyCi5E-00096-00019305-00019506 adding an icon to your logo. SIGCZXyCi5E-00097-00019509-00019579 This can help SIGCZXyCi5E-00098-00019579-00019706 break up the words SIGCZXyCi5E-00099-00019706-00019786 and make your logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00100-00019786-00019973 more visually interesting. SIGCZXyCi5E-00101-00019973-00020183 Also, make sure that you choose an icon SIGCZXyCi5E-00102-00020183-00020380 that represents your brand well. SIGCZXyCi5E-00103-00020380-00020540 When working with new clients, SIGCZXyCi5E-00104-00020540-00020673 I always take the time SIGCZXyCi5E-00105-00020673-00020780 to understand SIGCZXyCi5E-00106-00020780-00020987 the business’ mission, vision SIGCZXyCi5E-00107-00020987-00021094 and core values SIGCZXyCi5E-00108-00021094-00021321 so that we create a brand design SIGCZXyCi5E-00109-00021327-00021528 that is authentic and intentional. SIGCZXyCi5E-00110-00021551-00021785 Next, choose a layout that works. SIGCZXyCi5E-00111-00021805-00021961 There are many different ways SIGCZXyCi5E-00112-00021961-00022248 to layout your text in your visuals. SIGCZXyCi5E-00113-00022265-00022362 Your brand designer SIGCZXyCi5E-00114-00022362-00022552 might consider a horizontal logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00115-00022552-00022689 layout, specially SIGCZXyCi5E-00116-00022689-00022889 if your company name is long. SIGCZXyCi5E-00117-00022889-00023056 But having a horizontal logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00118-00023056-00023353 is not the only option for long names. SIGCZXyCi5E-00119-00023360-00023596 If you want your logo to be truly unique, SIGCZXyCi5E-00120-00023596-00023723 you may want to consider SIGCZXyCi5E-00121-00023723-00024044 stacking it or a circular logo. SIGCZXyCi5E-00122-00024067-00024257 Finally, my last tip for you. SIGCZXyCi5E-00123-00024257-00024577 Use negative space to your advantage. SIGCZXyCi5E-00124-00024617-00024687 Negative space SIGCZXyCi5E-00125-00024687-00024898 is the empty space around SIGCZXyCi5E-00126-00024898-00025178 and between the elements of logos. SIGCZXyCi5E-00127-00025191-00025305 When used correctly, SIGCZXyCi5E-00128-00025305-00025418 it can help to create SIGCZXyCi5E-00129-00025418-00025528 more balanced SIGCZXyCi5E-00130-00025528-00025829 and visually appealing logo elements. SIGCZXyCi5E-00131-00025845-00025885 Yay! SIGCZXyCi5E-00132-00025885-00025999 I hope this helps SIGCZXyCi5E-00133-00025999-00026196 you see all the amazing logo SIGCZXyCi5E-00134-00026196-00026496 design opportunities for long names. SIGCZXyCi5E-00135-00026516-00026750 If you're curious to see how I design SIGCZXyCi5E-00136-00026750-00027016 long name logos, check out my portfolio. SIGCZXyCi5E-00137-00027030-00027167 And if you are more of a SIGCZXyCi5E-00138-00027167-00027320 do-it-yourself business SIGCZXyCi5E-00139-00027320-00027547 owner, head over to the blog SIGCZXyCi5E-00140-00027547-00027737 for a couple of examples SIGCZXyCi5E-00141-00027737-00027864 and also check out SIGCZXyCi5E-00142-00027864-00028074 Get Your Brand Together Training SIGCZXyCi5E-00143-00028094-00028154 I have on my website. SLtw-JNhO78-00000-00000497-00001167 Hello, this is Jiny from Jiny Diet! V^_^V Hello~ SLtw-JNhO78-00001-00001181-00001641 Today's workout routine will target an area that you all love :) SLtw-JNhO78-00002-00001641-00001735 Right? SLtw-JNhO78-00003-00001735-00001828 The lower belly pooch! SLtw-JNhO78-00004-00001828-00002292 Today's exercise will flatten your lower belly pooch for flat lower abs! SLtw-JNhO78-00005-00002292-00002422 Woohoo!! SLtw-JNhO78-00006-00002422-00002776 From my YouTube channel, I've made other flat stomach workouts SLtw-JNhO78-00007-00002776-00002999 There are two routines SLtw-JNhO78-00008-00002999-00003303 Both routines are based on plank variations SLtw-JNhO78-00009-00003303-00003967 It concentrates on targeting the lower abs that are not as frequently used as the upper abs SLtw-JNhO78-00010-00003967-00004397 If you have trouble engaging your lower abs for other ab workouts SLtw-JNhO78-00011-00004397-00005041 By following these routines, both your core and lower abs will be engaged SLtw-JNhO78-00012-00005041-00005428 For an effective workout to target your abs! SLtw-JNhO78-00013-00005428-00005932 And for today's video, the level of difficulty is 3 out of 5 stars! It's relatively easy! SLtw-JNhO78-00014-00005932-00006446 Instead of limiting the movements according to the level of difficulty on your lower abs SLtw-JNhO78-00015-00006446-00006860 I will be helping you to find and use the muscles in your lower abs SLtw-JNhO78-00016-00006860-00007440 First, we will find it through 'easier' workouts and as we slowly raise the level of difficulty SLtw-JNhO78-00017-00007440-00007861 You'll be able to eventually feel the burn in your lower abs :) SLtw-JNhO78-00018-00007861-00008131 And so, the brief explanation before the workout is very important! SLtw-JNhO78-00019-00008131-00008688 The explanation is very easy to understand so even if you're not used to it, please follow it! SLtw-JNhO78-00020-00008688-00009335 And always remember to apply the important point from the explanation throughout the workout! SLtw-JNhO78-00021-00009335-00009469 Let's go! SLtw-JNhO78-00022-00009763-00009963 Let's begin the workout SLtw-JNhO78-00023-00010009-00010320 There are 3 rounds to this routine SLtw-JNhO78-00024-00010320-00010643 Each movement will be 20 seconds long SLtw-JNhO78-00025-00010714-00011064 Lie down on your mat facing upwards with your knees bent SLtw-JNhO78-00026-00011214-00011344 Round 1 SLtw-JNhO78-00027-00011404-00011504 Breathing SLtw-JNhO78-00028-00011561-00011778 In order to effectively target your lower belly SLtw-JNhO78-00029-00011778-00012245 The most important point in today's routine is your 'breathing' SLtw-JNhO78-00030-00012245-00012629 Throughout the movements, make sure your pelvis is not over tilted SLtw-JNhO78-00031-00012682-00012886 Make sure your lower back is not hovering SLtw-JNhO78-00032-00012886-00013640 As you exhale, try to engage the muscles in your abs, especially from your lower abs SLtw-JNhO78-00033-00013680-00014003 A more important point from maintaining a neutral position is SLtw-JNhO78-00034-00014003-00014434 To concentrate on flattening your stomach as you exhale SLtw-JNhO78-00035-00014434-00014704 By trying to flatten your lower belly SLtw-JNhO78-00036-00014704-00015025 You will be able to start engaging the muscles in your core SLtw-JNhO78-00037-00015025-00015475 It won't be easy to continue to engage your lower belly SLtw-JNhO78-00038-00015475-00015652 In that case, you can place your hands on your lower belly SLtw-JNhO78-00039-00015652-00016329 Concentrate on exhaling and flattening your stomach as you engage your abs SLtw-JNhO78-00040-00016376-00016900 Imagine a deflating balloon as you engage your abs as you exhale SLtw-JNhO78-00041-00016900-00017357 Flattening your stomach will be your number 1 priority throughout the movements today! SLtw-JNhO78-00042-00017454-00017624 Table top breathing SLtw-JNhO78-00043-00017624-00018068 Slowly bring your bent knees forward in a right angle SLtw-JNhO78-00044-00018081-00018431 From a side view, your pelvis should be at a right angle SLtw-JNhO78-00045-00018431-00018735 The angle on your knees should also be a right angle SLtw-JNhO78-00046-00018835-00019155 You shouldn't feel any strain on your glutes from this position SLtw-JNhO78-00047-00019155-00019639 Remember to flatten your stomach and keep your lower back flat on the mat SLtw-JNhO78-00048-00019639-00020280 As you breathe, concentrate on flattening your lower belly as you exhale SLtw-JNhO78-00049-00020323-00020890 The weight from your legs will work as a natural weight as you exhale and flatten your stomach SLtw-JNhO78-00050-00020890-00021137 This will engage your lower abs SLtw-JNhO78-00051-00021137-00021531 Remember to breathe slowly in order to awake the muscles in your lower abs! SLtw-JNhO78-00052-00021581-00021698 Leg stretch SLtw-JNhO78-00053-00021721-00022122 Exhale as you extend your legs SLtw-JNhO78-00054-00022122-00022439 It's important to keep your legs straight but remember the main point! SLtw-JNhO78-00055-00022439-00022936 It's more important to keep your stomach flat as you stretch out your legs SLtw-JNhO78-00056-00022969-00023390 Also, it's not exactly better to lower your legs SLtw-JNhO78-00057-00023390-00023737 If you happen to lower your legs to the point your core can't support them SLtw-JNhO78-00058-00023737-00024044 This will create an extraneous strain on your lower back SLtw-JNhO78-00059-00024044-00024561 The height of your legs should be determined by how well you can continue to flatten your stomach SLtw-JNhO78-00060-00024561-00024981 I recommend extending your legs to the height that I'm demonstrating here! SLtw-JNhO78-00061-00025815-00025909 Femur arc SLtw-JNhO78-00062-00025909-00026489 This time, maintain the right angle with your bent knees as you tap on the floor SLtw-JNhO78-00063-00026489-00027200 Similarly, exhale as you flatten your stomach and tap your feet to the floor SLtw-JNhO78-00064-00027233-00027787 Make sure to continue to flatten your stomach when your feet approaches the ground SLtw-JNhO78-00065-00027787-00028004 If you begin to lose control of engaging of your core SLtw-JNhO78-00066-00028004-00028401 Place your hands on your lower belly and continue to look to engage your core SLtw-JNhO78-00067-00029205-00029366 Cross leg stretch SLtw-JNhO78-00068-00029399-00029873 This time, extend one leg at a time as you exhale SLtw-JNhO78-00069-00029896-00030250 Make sure you are exhaling as you stretch your legs SLtw-JNhO78-00070-00030286-00030353 Exhale SLtw-JNhO78-00071-00030473-00030527 Exhale SLtw-JNhO78-00072-00030527-00030790 This is a little easier than the previous movement SLtw-JNhO78-00073-00030790-00031284 Remember to concentrate on flattening your stomach throughout the workout SLtw-JNhO78-00074-00031968-00032085 Cross femur arc SLtw-JNhO78-00075-00032085-00032622 This time, we will be pointing our toes with our knees bent one leg at a time SLtw-JNhO78-00076-00032622-00032966 Make sure your toes reach the floor SLtw-JNhO78-00077-00032966-00033316 Similarly, engage your core to prevent your body from shaking SLtw-JNhO78-00078-00033316-00033763 Remember to especially focus on flattening your lower belly! SLtw-JNhO78-00079-00034791-00034904 Round 2 SLtw-JNhO78-00080-00035111-00035422 Round 2 is slightly more difficult SLtw-JNhO78-00081-00035458-00035632 Table top and curl up SLtw-JNhO78-00082-00035632-00035999 Keep your knees bent at a right angle as you flatten your tummy SLtw-JNhO78-00083-00035999-00036279 Place your hands behind your head as you prepare for the next movement SLtw-JNhO78-00084-00036329-00036720 In this position, raise your upper body as you exhale SLtw-JNhO78-00085-00036760-00037077 Make sure your legs are not forcing your glutes to be engaged SLtw-JNhO78-00086-00037100-00037711 If you don't engage your core while raising your upper body, this could actually cause your belly to stick out SLtw-JNhO78-00087-00037711-00038171 So remember to flatten your tummy as you come up! SLtw-JNhO78-00088-00038171-00038498 Even if you can't flatten it all the way, it's still better to try! SLtw-JNhO78-00089-00038498-00038838 As long as you keep this in mind, that'll be good enough! SLtw-JNhO78-00090-00038878-00039409 It might feel awkward but remember to continue to flatten your stomach! SLtw-JNhO78-00091-00039539-00039699 Leg stretch plus SLtw-JNhO78-00092-00039729-00039986 Keep your upper body at its peak height SLtw-JNhO78-00093-00039986-00040390 Exhale as you extend your legs SLtw-JNhO78-00094-00040390-00041077 This movement will further engage your core so although it may be difficult, I know you can do it! SLtw-JNhO78-00095-00041121-00041458 Even if your upper body is struggling to keep up, continue to try! SLtw-JNhO78-00096-00041458-00041948 Imagine lifting your torso higher as you extend your legs at the same time SLtw-JNhO78-00097-00041948-00042482 Remember to flatten your stomach as you exhale as well SLtw-JNhO78-00098-00042589-00042779 Cross leg stretch plus SLtw-JNhO78-00099-00042779-00043239 We will continue to have our upper body in a raised position throughout round 2 SLtw-JNhO78-00100-00043266-00043616 This time, we will extend our legs one at a time SLtw-JNhO78-00101-00043616-00044197 Round 2 is the same SLtw-JNhO78-00102-00044848-00044944 Femur arc plus SLtw-JNhO78-00103-00044944-00045231 Keep your upper body raised SLtw-JNhO78-00104-00045231-00045558 Keep your knees bent as you tap your toes on the floor SLtw-JNhO78-00105-00045558-00045875 Like before, exhale as you flatten your stomach SLtw-JNhO78-00106-00045875-00046112 Make sure to fully tap your toes to the floor SLtw-JNhO78-00107-00046112-00046649 It's best to lower your feet to the point where you can continue to engage your abs SLtw-JNhO78-00108-00046649-00047227 Your upper body might feel weak as you lower your legs but keep trying to keep them raised! SLtw-JNhO78-00109-00047280-00047424 Cross femur arc plus SLtw-JNhO78-00110-00047450-00047627 This is the last movement for round 2! SLtw-JNhO78-00111-00047627-00047984 Once again, strengthen your core as you keep your upper body up SLtw-JNhO78-00112-00048004-00048485 Keep your knees bent at a right angle as you interchange tapping your toe to the floor SLtw-JNhO78-00113-00048485-00048982 Keep your gaze at a diagonal angle and it would be better to keep your chin down! SLtw-JNhO78-00114-00049576-00049702 Round 3 SLtw-JNhO78-00115-00049976-00050263 This is getting a little more difficult, but you can do it! :) SLtw-JNhO78-00116-00050263-00050550 Keep it up! It's the last round! SLtw-JNhO78-00117-00050613-00050814 Curl up and leg stretch SLtw-JNhO78-00118-00050844-00051091 Hands behind your head, prepare your knees at a right angle SLtw-JNhO78-00119-00051117-00051604 As you exhale, raise your upper body and extend your legs SLtw-JNhO78-00120-00051688-00051961 Today's main point is very important SLtw-JNhO78-00121-00051961-00052345 As it gets more difficult, rather than trying to do large movements SLtw-JNhO78-00122-00052345-00052695 Concentrate on the main point to keep flattening your stomach SLtw-JNhO78-00123-00052695-00052992 Exhaling as you keep your stomach flat SLtw-JNhO78-00124-00052992-00053660 Remember to engage your lower belly as you raise your upper body and extend your legs SLtw-JNhO78-00125-00053813-00053973 Curl up and femur arc SLtw-JNhO78-00126-00054027-00054724 This time, as you raise your upper body, keep your knees bent as you touch your toes to the floor SLtw-JNhO78-00127-00054724-00055298 After this, we only have one more workout left! I know you can do this so don't give up! SLtw-JNhO78-00128-00056332-00056476 Double leg stretch SLtw-JNhO78-00129-00056539-00056880 First raise your upper body and stretch out your legs afterwards SLtw-JNhO78-00130-00056880-00057283 Raise your hands over your hand and we will maintain this position for 20 seconds SLtw-JNhO78-00131-00057283-00057507 Rather than just holding on to this position SLtw-JNhO78-00132-00057507-00058158 Imagine your stomach is sinking to the floor as you concentrate on engaging your core! SLtw-JNhO78-00133-00059112-00059272 You've done well! SLtw-JNhO78-00134-00059389-00059736 Hug your knees together as you catch your breath SLtw-JNhO78-00135-00059953-00060213 *Clap clap clap* Congratulations to everyone who finished the workout! SLtw-JNhO78-00136-00060213-00060306 You've done so well! bb SLtw-JNhO78-00137-00060306-00060560 Here's how you can follow today's routine! SLtw-JNhO78-00138-00060560-00060677 For my lovely subscribers and viewers SLtw-JNhO78-00139-00060677-00060957 Today's routine is focused on flattening your stomach SLtw-JNhO78-00140-00060957-00061287 It's a routine to find how to engage your core better SLtw-JNhO78-00141-00061287-00061628 If you haven't been engaging your lower belly very much SLtw-JNhO78-00142-00061628-00062419 I would suggest doing one set of today's routine before you continue to do your ab workout! SLtw-JNhO78-00143-00062419-00062725 Or if you already have other preferred ab routines SLtw-JNhO78-00144-00062725-00063473 I would suggest for you to remember and apply today's main point on flattening your stomach for your other ab workouts! SLtw-JNhO78-00145-00063473-00063907 Then you'll think, "Oh wow, this feels different today" as you do your workout! SLtw-JNhO78-00146-00063907-00064270 Now this has been Jiny from Jiny Diet <3 SLtw-JNhO78-00147-00064270-00064567 (Flashy hand gestures) SLtw-JNhO78-00148-00064567-00064901 Bye for now~ *waving* SpMi3JGV3Z0-00000-00000600-00002314 The Queen's Speech was the most watched TV show of Christmas Day 2017 The annual address was watched by 7.6million viewers on the BBC, ITV and Sky SpMi3JGV3Z0-00001-00002464-00004430 Her Majesty beat competition from Mrs Brown's Boys and Strictly Come Dancing She is the ruler of Great Britain and now her majesty is also the Queen of Christmas TV after her annual address was crowned the nation's most-watched show. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00002-00004580-00006573 The Queen's Christmas Day message drew a combined audience of 7.6 million, across BBC1, ITV and Sky, making it the most popular programme and pipping madcap comedy Mrs Brown's Boys. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00003-00006723-00008572 The Queen's broadcast on BBC1 attracted 5.9 million, as well as 1.6 million on ITV and around 175,000 on Sky (excluding plus-one channels). SpMi3JGV3Z0-00004-00008722-00010110 It beat the BBC's Mrs Brown's Boys which drew in 6.8million viewers when it aired at 3.58pm yesterday. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00005-00010260-00011696 The Queen's Speech also beat out competition from EastEnders and Strictly Come Dancing to become the most watched show of Christmas Day 2017. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00006-00011846-00013784 According to TV ratings, 6.5 million tuned in for Strictly's festive episode, a decrease from 2016 when an average audience of 7.2 million watched Len Goodman's final appearance on the panel. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00007-00013934-00016116 In contrast, EastEnder's dramatic Christmas special drew in 6.3 million viewers. BBC1 enjoyed six of the top 10 shows on Christmas Day, with figures expected to rise over the coming days as TV fans watch on catch-up. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00008-00016266-00017762 In her speech, The Queen went out of her way to welcome Meghan Markle to the Royal Family as she said she looked forward to welcoming 'new members' into the family in the New Year. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00009-00017912-00019708 A framed photograph of the bride-to-be with Prince Harry was displayed with other family pictures as the monarch spoke, and the couple also featured in video footage aired at the end of the festive broadcast. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00010-00019858-00021104 She will also have been talking about the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's new child which is due to be born in April 2018. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00011-00021254-00022800 Doctor Who - featuring Jodie Whittaker's debut as the Time Lord and Peter Capaldi's finale - brought in 5.7 million viewers for BBC1. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00012-00022950-00025620 ITV's best performing show was Coronation Street, at 4.8 million, excluding plus-one. BBC News got 4.2 million viewers, and The Highway Rat, the adaptation of the much-loved book by Julia Donaldson and illustrator Axel Scheffler, drew in 4 million viewers on BBC1. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00013-00025770-00027110 ITV's Emmerdale got 3.5 million viewers, while fellow ITV drama Victoria attracted 2.5 million. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00014-00027260-00029219 Charlotte Moore, director of BBC content, said: 'Millions of people chose BBC1 on Christmas Day and came together to enjoy the top six most popular programmes from comedy, drama and entertainment.' SpMi3JGV3Z0-00015-00029369-00030942 Channel 4 said The Great British Bake Off festive special attracted the broadcaster's biggest Christmas Day overnight audience since modern records began in 2002. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00016-00031092-00032886 It won an average audience of 3.1 million viewers, peaking with 3.4 million, beating the previous Channel 4 record-holder Home Alone in 2016, which drew three million viewers. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00017-00033036-00034424 Last year the festive Bake Off on BBC1, before the show moved to Channel 4, had an average of 6.3 million viewers. SpMi3JGV3Z0-00018-00034574-00035837 The figures for this year's Christmas TV are likely to change, as they don't including catch up or on demand viewers. SQm2E3fx4FY-00000-00000883-00001350 Oftentimes it contradicts everyday experiences, like the more you go into quantum physics SQm2E3fx4FY-00001-00001455-00002180 the more you start to realize that everything is a perception. You have complete control over your state of mind. SQm2E3fx4FY-00002-00002352-00002882 Some of you might have seen that movie, What the Bleep Do We Know?!, which is really great because they'll take it and start SQm2E3fx4FY-00003-00002883-00003380 to trace it back. Even from the perceptions, to the SQm2E3fx4FY-00004-00003439-00004164 neurotransmitters, and the chemistry that's going on in the brain, is all connected. And if you take it into consciousness that those SQm2E3fx4FY-00005-00004195-00004986 neurotransmitters in the brain, and those chemical changes in the brain and hypothalamus and everything those are all, what did I say? The body SQm2E3fx4FY-00006-00005055-00005169 follows SQm2E3fx4FY-00007-00005169-00005582 instructions of the mind. What you do comes from what you think. Even the SQm2E3fx4FY-00008-00005655-00005848 neurotransmitters in the brain and SQm2E3fx4FY-00009-00005848-00006159 the electrical impulses are all coming from consciousness. SQm2E3fx4FY-00010-00006210-00006881 The seat of all causation, the seat of all power, comes back to the mind and consciousness. SQm2E3fx4FY-00011-00006984-00007316 We talk about the heart, we're talking about unification of consciousness, SQm2E3fx4FY-00012-00007317-00007965 this is just another word, but once you start to realize that pain is a false perception. SQm2E3fx4FY-00013-00007981-00008672 I mean if I had grown up with somebody teaching me when I was little that pain is a false perception, I SQm2E3fx4FY-00014-00008746-00008972 would probably go, "Ow ow ow ow, SQm2E3fx4FY-00015-00009090-00009211 okay, SQm2E3fx4FY-00016-00009211-00009551 it's a false perception, what does it mean? Help me, help me." SQm2E3fx4FY-00017-00009729-00010367 Like Eddie Murphy, "Help me help me." You know, and if I had a nice wise teacher they would say, SQm2E3fx4FY-00018-00010399-00011105 "Yes, your pain, your perception of pain is coming from consciousness." And it's not just your experience of your emotional pain, SQm2E3fx4FY-00019-00011110-00011343 it's not just your experience of physical pain, SQm2E3fx4FY-00020-00011347-00012026 but if you perceive animals in pain, if you perceive anything in the entire world in pain, SQm2E3fx4FY-00021-00012046-00012473 it's coming from perception. That takes a lot of work, that SQm2E3fx4FY-00022-00012541-00012921 contradicts our human experience. You know we say, "Wait a minute, SQm2E3fx4FY-00023-00012966-00013618 I just watched Aunt Edna and she doesn't walk very well, she's blind and she just stepped on my dog's tail." SQm2E3fx4FY-00024-00013663-00014246 Yeep yeep yeep, the dog yelped and everything and it seemed like a pretty good cause and effect relationship. SQm2E3fx4FY-00025-00014272-00014907 You know that's like 220 pounds going down on that tail over there, and I heard my dog SQm2E3fx4FY-00026-00014907-00015215 yelp and I could see what was happening. I'm no dummy. SQm2E3fx4FY-00027-00015216-00016007 I'm a human being I could see that. No, cause effect relationships, you know, we're so wound into believing SQm2E3fx4FY-00028-00016075-00016802 there's causes in form, there's effects in form. Even in our sciences, in our physics, for every action, there's a reaction. SQm2E3fx4FY-00029-00016876-00016995 All of SQm2E3fx4FY-00030-00016995-00017612 science, and I'm talking Newtonian science, I'm not talking quantum, but all of Newtonian physics is false. SQm2E3fx4FY-00031-00017701-00018317 And if anybody's going into the career of science, we can have a talk afterward and I can save you a little bit of time, SQm2E3fx4FY-00032-00018388-00018977 because quantum physics is where it's at, if you're going into science. And if you're going into spirituality SQm2E3fx4FY-00033-00019111-00019306 forgiveness, meditation, SQm2E3fx4FY-00034-00019306-00019604 stilling the mind, that's where it's at, that's where it's happening. SQm2E3fx4FY-00035-00019626-00020534 You really want to wake up and come to that, you know, it's tried and true, it's proven. You know I've found it, the proof is in the experience. SQm2E3fx4FY-00036-00020590-00020997 But you can see how we have to question everything that we perceive, SQm2E3fx4FY-00037-00021064-00021530 because that gets us into false empathy, when we start to empathize with pain. SQm2E3fx4FY-00038-00021559-00021882 We're perceiving the pain and we're perceiving it as SQm2E3fx4FY-00039-00021945-00022241 even beyond who we believe we are to be, human beings. SQm2E3fx4FY-00040-00022345-00022883 Suffering animals, I was a vegetarian for years, I had all right reasons. SQm2E3fx4FY-00041-00022972-00023547 In fact, somebody cornered me, they said, "Why don't you eat that meat at this barbeque?" And I said, SQm2E3fx4FY-00042-00023595-00024245 "I'll tell you why" and then I'd unload for an hour, an hour and a half, of all my reasons, SQm2E3fx4FY-00043-00024354-00024493 ecologically, SQm2E3fx4FY-00044-00024493-00024861 in terms of pain, in terms of all these things, but again I SQm2E3fx4FY-00045-00024934-00025134 had to wise up. SQm2E3fx4FY-00046-00025160-00025636 I had to get quantum. I had to go deeper inside and start to realize I have to take responsibility SQm2E3fx4FY-00047-00025656-00026424 for what I'm perceiving. I can't put it out on them anymore, I can't blame them because the blame game is not SQm2E3fx4FY-00048-00026475-00026675 waking me up, it's not getting me happy. SQm2E3fx4FY-00049-00026730-00027495 I just have more grievances when I'm playing the blame game, and then I get, you learn more education, more things that are happening, SQm2E3fx4FY-00050-00027530-00027880 ooh, conspiracies and things, wicked things that are happening. SQm2E3fx4FY-00051-00027914-00028616 You just collect more grievances, more grievances, and get angrier, and angrier, and angrier. SQm2E3fx4FY-00052-00028647-00029141 That's not going to get you back into nirvana or the Kingdom of Heaven by getting angrier. SQm2E3fx4FY-00053-00029208-00029836 Once you start to reel it in, to start to take full responsibility for your mind in every circumstance, SQm2E3fx4FY-00054-00029892-00030184 without exception, then you get really happy, SQm2E3fx4FY-00055-00030249-00030411 because SQm2E3fx4FY-00056-00030411-00030876 you're not going to buy it, you're not going to buy the bait anymore. SRjxN48ytgM-00000-00000000-00000746 [FREE] kankan + glo type beat "FIJI" SRKogkUnfoA-00000-00000150-00000700 [music] SRKogkUnfoA-00001-00000761-00001450 Good morning, everybody. Welcome to Speaking Chinese class. I'm your SRKogkUnfoA-00002-00001496-00001939 instructor in this class. My name is Catherine. SRKogkUnfoA-00003-00001980-00002140 [Chinese] Good morning, everbody. SRKogkUnfoA-00004-00002190-00002733 [Chinese] Welcome to Speaking Chinese class. SRKogkUnfoA-00005-00002760-00003170 [Chinese] taste it sour, taste it bitter, SRKogkUnfoA-00006-00003190-00003370 [Chinese] taste it spicy, taste it salty, SRKogkUnfoA-00007-00003420-00003770 [Chinese] learn the five groups of taste SRKogkUnfoA-00008-00003860-00004370 Well done! Look how much you SRKogkUnfoA-00009-00004430-00004800 have learned today. Use the language skills SRKogkUnfoA-00010-00004830-00005000 you develop in this class in your SRKogkUnfoA-00011-00005050-00005600 everyday activities. So much progress you have made! SRKogkUnfoA-00012-00005640-00006110 Focus on the positive. Congratulate yourself for SRKogkUnfoA-00013-00006150-00006722 learning Chinese. See you next week. STK97JQmZqg-00000-00000000-00001000 reaction to bts special & funny talent kpop [vgk] | kpop reactor STOpx47BPyQ-00000-00000960-00001368 hello fellow welcome back to our channel it's me Black R or Renzahar STOpx47BPyQ-00001-00001368-00001896 today we're going to play dead to spies a game where the westerner going to STOpx47BPyQ-00002-00001896-00002488 invade the southeast asia because they have the spices or what no STOpx47BPyQ-00003-00002736-00003264 dead 2 spies all i know about this game is we are going to become a spy STOpx47BPyQ-00004-00003264-00003879 inside the russian something like operational bases and something like that and disclaimer i'm STOpx47BPyQ-00005-00003879-00004344 going to say this is my first video using english as my first language and i hope you can understand STOpx47BPyQ-00006-00004344-00004888 what i'm saying with this my broken english correct me if i'm wrong and let's go go go go STOpx47BPyQ-00007-00004984-00005672 okay as you can see here on the first stage we're going to jump it's easy we have just to STOpx47BPyQ-00008-00005672-00006431 jump like this and like this okay come on okay i can do it it's easy it's just jumping the obstacle STOpx47BPyQ-00009-00006431-00007104 so far the control is good when you have to jump and it's supposed to be easy come on you embarrass STOpx47BPyQ-00010-00007104-00007816 me come on all right that's how it's supposed to be just a jump right all right let's climb it up STOpx47BPyQ-00011-00007816-00008528 so far so good everybody can master the tutorial in one go now we're going down you know this is STOpx47BPyQ-00012-00008528-00008960 like a life right sometimes you're in the top and then you're in the bottom of the next day STOpx47BPyQ-00013-00009032-00009672 while me i'm pretty sure i love the being in the top if you know what i mean right right right STOpx47BPyQ-00014-00009672-00010288 let's continue we're going to finish this tutorial so this is the time where we are in the bottom STOpx47BPyQ-00015-00010288-00011040 right we crawling crawling like a lizard maybe what is that even make sense look at these guys STOpx47BPyQ-00016-00011120-00011616 let me show you how to do this sometimes people are going to show off what they can STOpx47BPyQ-00017-00011616-00012366 and then the next day they just regret it look at this plank and jump theory into practice my friend STOpx47BPyQ-00018-00013072-00013736 ah come on man people are watching this oh the recoil is so bad alright STOpx47BPyQ-00019-00013960-00014328 the recoil make it more realistic but for me it really annoys me STOpx47BPyQ-00020-00014416-00015160 alright this is a rifle you know more damage but more control in my shooting career i prefer a STOpx47BPyQ-00021-00015160-00015847 smaller weapon right let's go to the next weapon what we going here a sniper my favorite in call STOpx47BPyQ-00022-00015847-00016664 of duty i always play as a sniper hit them from afar oh shaking shaking i know this is going to STOpx47BPyQ-00023-00016664-00017200 be realistic i know the recoil and the breathing it's kind of annoying you know but a challenge STOpx47BPyQ-00024-00017200-00017832 is a challenge and i have to do this all right how to come on stop shaking it will annoys me STOpx47BPyQ-00025-00017952-00018664 oh apparently we can hold the breath oh i forgot it let's go to the next mission STOpx47BPyQ-00026-00018744-00019192 all right now we're playing with the grenade who doesn't love grenade i love grenade STOpx47BPyQ-00027-00019192-00019808 i try it and nobody see that nobody see that it's just my hand is wet i promise you i can do better STOpx47BPyQ-00028-00019808-00020600 you don't believe me okay let's try it again take the one grenade and see and that's boom right i STOpx47BPyQ-00029-00020600-00021136 told you right do you know how to end the conflict throw them a grenade at some case may be a nuclear STOpx47BPyQ-00030-00021136-00021888 and they will stop the fighting right away if you don't believe me you have to try it okay i believe STOpx47BPyQ-00031-00021888-00022520 that's too far whenever you fail you should try again and never surrender because in the end you STOpx47BPyQ-00032-00022520-00023272 can achieve what you want so my friend anywhere anytime just believe on the process because STOpx47BPyQ-00033-00023272-00023912 in the end you will get it the pain the struggle it will be worth it trust me even it's annoying STOpx47BPyQ-00034-00023912-00024592 but you can do this like me come on come on see in the end you can achieve it you have to believe it STOpx47BPyQ-00035-00025072-00025983 in this life there's only suffering hey that's pretty good i think we are done with weapon here STOpx47BPyQ-00036-00025983-00026536 let's go to the next mission anyway i gotta tell you that if you're new to this STOpx47BPyQ-00037-00026536-00027136 little channel you can subscribe us or just giving us some like some comment and share it STOpx47BPyQ-00038-00027136-00027792 to your friends so i can be happy about that so let's we continue to the game right now we can STOpx47BPyQ-00039-00027792-00028456 appreciate the environment where this is really good also i'm really into anime kind of graphic STOpx47BPyQ-00040-00028824-00029056 i think i prefer using the knife instead the gun STOpx47BPyQ-00041-00029127-00030120 so far so good so okay try again keep trying as we said before right one and we crouching now STOpx47BPyQ-00042-00030272-00031104 okay it's not that easy after all two hours later i really missed the time where my life was easier STOpx47BPyQ-00043-00031104-00031776 let's go to the next mission oh so we can drive this is what i'm talking about STOpx47BPyQ-00044-00031832-00032552 let's neutralize that man we have to be slow and quiet and then take this guy from behind STOpx47BPyQ-00045-00032608-00033384 easy easy and then that's the chloroform work for you we neutralize this man easily of course STOpx47BPyQ-00046-00033384-00034128 easily this is a tutorial alright let's turn the body all right how to do this okay oh no STOpx47BPyQ-00047-00034128-00034864 [ __ ] i just have to put him in the box can you please just get inside the box please come on man STOpx47BPyQ-00048-00034864-00035584 it's only a tutorial but it's really pissed me off after thousands of attempts i just have to use my STOpx47BPyQ-00049-00035584-00036360 brain oh god life is not hard we make it hard what can i get from this tutorial is you have STOpx47BPyQ-00050-00036360-00037008 to work smart not work hard because you really need how to do this not to do this in the hard STOpx47BPyQ-00051-00037008-00037736 way you just have to use your brain after all and i guess that's why never skip tutorial or you will STOpx47BPyQ-00052-00037736-00038336 face the consequences and always give your best when you do what you're doing right now i believe STOpx47BPyQ-00053-00038336-00038856 that in the end we can understand all the control in the game because we already played the tutorial STOpx47BPyQ-00054-00038920-00039656 let's neutralize this man alright almost close what the hell man what the hell come on STOpx47BPyQ-00055-00039968-00040048 ladies and gentlemen STOpx47BPyQ-00056-00040488-00040784 all right all right i will do better next time now it's STOpx47BPyQ-00057-00041096-00041712 no more playing and i'll show you how it done then from behind fast and quick like that STOpx47BPyQ-00058-00041768-00042592 see it is easy my friend so i've been wondering what should i do if i throw him like this STOpx47BPyQ-00059-00042592-00043584 and genius my friend genius and hope that's right thank you desmond spending time in animus STOpx47BPyQ-00060-00043584-00044368 finally paid off well i guess it's like playing skyrim or fallout where we can take all the STOpx47BPyQ-00061-00044368-00044984 utensils anytime you want it and then this is we're going to take some utensils here STOpx47BPyQ-00062-00045352-00046088 hmm all right now we are being stealthy it is because i've been playing assassin's creed mgs STOpx47BPyQ-00063-00046088-00046720 fallout and horizon where you can be stealthy and i prefer doing it stealthy ask Red R if you STOpx47BPyQ-00064-00046720-00047552 don't believe me now now easy we going to distract them with something let's throw them something out STOpx47BPyQ-00065-00047552-00048392 there go go go get it and i'll be slowly casually walking inside this bunker okay come on hurry up STOpx47BPyQ-00066-00048392-00049184 like walking in the park keep crouching because it can reduce the noise and always close the door STOpx47BPyQ-00067-00049240-00049848 okay lockpick is it something like a fallout or skyrim oh i swear i've been doing this STOpx47BPyQ-00068-00049848-00050464 before it really has different mechanism of lock picking but i guess it will do look at STOpx47BPyQ-00069-00050464-00050992 this guy he's sleeping on the work duty see that's what you get while you're sleeping STOpx47BPyQ-00070-00051064-00052064 now i am you yu you me me yu what the f come on let's go you don't recognize my face but i'm using STOpx47BPyQ-00071-00052064-00052632 the comrade clothes it's kind of fun that you can find enemy outfit and then you become one of them STOpx47BPyQ-00072-00052767-00053279 hey why are you stopping me i'm the one of your comrade what the hell man he's supposed STOpx47BPyQ-00073-00053279-00053912 to let me in i guess we gotta find another soviet outfit look at that that is senpai STOpx47BPyQ-00074-00053984-00054896 senpai please notice me i'm right behind you you should be careful senpai because i'm at your back STOpx47BPyQ-00075-00055048-00055967 oh alright that's good new uniform new rank and don't forget the document it's important once STOpx47BPyQ-00076-00055967-00056704 again they don't recognize my face alright so as i believe this game have a little bit element of STOpx47BPyQ-00077-00056704-00057400 hitman oh we finished the tutorial after all if i don't even know the title of the game i believe STOpx47BPyQ-00078-00057400-00058167 this is the hitman but in world war so that's it guys i do really hope you enjoyed this video and STOpx47BPyQ-00079-00058167-00058679 if you do please consider to giving a likes comment and share this video to your friend STOpx47BPyQ-00080-00058679-00059096 and hey if you're new to this channel please subscribe us and turn on the STOpx47BPyQ-00081-00059096-00059793 notification so you won't miss our new videos and that's all fellas it's me Black R goodbye SUeeBJ-5_ek-00000-00000901-00001395 Many of us like to use citation generators like EasyBib or citation managers like Endnote SUeeBJ-5_ek-00001-00001395-00001514 and Zotero. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00002-00001514-00001801 They make creating a list of sources so easy! SUeeBJ-5_ek-00003-00001801-00002270 But they do make mistakes, so you always need to double check that the citation is accurate. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00004-00002270-00002734 One common issue with automatically generated APA citations is that they do not always have SUeeBJ-5_ek-00005-00002734-00003036 the article title in sentence case. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00006-00003036-00003364 Sentence case is where you capitalize the first word of the title, the first word of SUeeBJ-5_ek-00007-00003364-00003635 the subtitle, proper nouns, and acronyms. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00008-00003635-00004118 Here is an example of a citation automatically generated by a library database: SUeeBJ-5_ek-00009-00004118-00004480 Notice that the entire article title is in all caps. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00010-00004480-00005016 In order to have a correct citation, I need to change the capitalization to this: SUeeBJ-5_ek-00011-00005016-00005673 I can either retype the entire title, or I can cheat and use Microsoft word. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00012-00005673-00006162 To change the title to sentence case I need to copy the title (using control-C on a PC SUeeBJ-5_ek-00013-00006162-00007086 or command-C on a Mac) and paste it into Microsoft Word (using Control-V or command-V). SUeeBJ-5_ek-00014-00007086-00007526 Then I can select all of the text and click this icon: SUeeBJ-5_ek-00015-00007526-00007953 It will look the same on a PC or Mac. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00016-00007953-00008217 Choose “Sentence Case.” SUeeBJ-5_ek-00017-00008217-00008490 See that my title is closer to what I need. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00018-00008490-00009696 All I need to do is capitalize the W in the subtitle, NCAA, and Sherman Act. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00019-00009696-00010124 The journal title in my citation is already correctly formatted already in title case SUeeBJ-5_ek-00020-00010124-00010564 capitalization, so I do not need to make any changes there. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00021-00010564-00011114 To change the article capitalization in Endnote, I simply need to click the title to view the SUeeBJ-5_ek-00022-00011114-00011449 entire record. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00023-00011449-00011839 Then I can click the title again to make changes. SUeeBJ-5_ek-00024-00011839-00012480 To change the capitalization in Zotero, I can click the title I'm interested in, and SUeeBJ-5_ek-00025-00012480-00013774 then click the title again on the right to make changes. SVLEaL8KeGY-00000-00000026-00000323 hello and welcome to Deutmeyer Consulting Services. SVLEaL8KeGY-00001-00000323-00000627 My name is Patty and I will be providing you with SVLEaL8KeGY-00002-00000627-00001005 yet another great time-saving tool. SVLEaL8KeGY-00003-00001005-00001326 Have you ever tried same words or same phrase SVLEaL8KeGY-00004-00001326-00001657 over and over again in Microsoft Word? SVLEaL8KeGY-00005-00001657-00002160 Well you know, we can save me a little bit of time by creating a macro, SVLEaL8KeGY-00006-00002160-00002556 assigning a shortcut key to it; and you never have to type that again. SVLEaL8KeGY-00007-00002556-00003192 So let's get started! Open up your version of Microsoft Word, this is 2010. SVLEaL8KeGY-00008-00003192-00003540 On the ribbons, select the developer ribbon, SVLEaL8KeGY-00009-00003540-00003982 and we are going to record a macro. SVLEaL8KeGY-00010-00003982-00004357 A macro is just simply s short little piece of script SVLEaL8KeGY-00011-00004357-00004657 that records that repetitive work. SVLEaL8KeGY-00012-00004657-00004984 Very easy to do. SVLEaL8KeGY-00013-00004984-00005318 Press record macro. Give it a name. SVLEaL8KeGY-00014-00005318-00005712 I want to assign SVLEaL8KeGY-00015-00005712-00006107 a keyboard shortcut so I'll press the keyboard icon. SVLEaL8KeGY-00016-00006107-00006473 Give it a shortcut. SVLEaL8KeGY-00017-00006473-00007000 Press controll + d. Make sure you save SVLEaL8KeGY-00018-00007000-00007361 in Normal.dotm, not the document SVLEaL8KeGY-00019-00007361-00007733 so you can use it in other documents. Press assign and SVLEaL8KeGY-00020-00007733-00008043 you'll see it shows in the "Current keys", SVLEaL8KeGY-00021-00008043-00008408 and when we hit close it will start recording a macro. SVLEaL8KeGY-00022-00008408-00008777 I want to create a shortcut SVLEaL8KeGY-00023-00008777-00009140 for inserting SVLEaL8KeGY-00024-00009140-00009443 our link to our web page, so that's what I'll do. SVLEaL8KeGY-00025-00009443-00010143 I've typed in the text. SVLEaL8KeGY-00026-00010153-00010453 I'm going to press Control + a SVLEaL8KeGY-00027-00010453-00010822 on my keyboard. Selectt insert SVLEaL8KeGY-00028-00010822-00011167 and hyperlink and then enter the URL. SVLEaL8KeGY-00029-00011167-00011554 Press OK. I have the link SVLEaL8KeGY-00030-00011554-00011878 created. Go back to the developer ribbon SVLEaL8KeGY-00031-00011878-00012292 and press stop recording. I'm done, SVLEaL8KeGY-00032-00012292-00012663 I've created my simple macro. This can be done SVLEaL8KeGY-00033-00012663-00012989 for a lot more robust features. For example, SVLEaL8KeGY-00034-00012989-00013316 formatting the same document SVLEaL8KeGY-00035-00013316-00013641 or paragraph or item over and over again. SVLEaL8KeGY-00036-00013641-00014063 To view your macro, press SVLEaL8KeGY-00037-00014063-00014419 Macros. You'll see the SVLEaL8KeGY-00038-00014419-00014787 macro I've created is here. Under the title I gave it. SVLEaL8KeGY-00039-00014787-00015311 You can at it the macro. Now why would we edit the macro? SVLEaL8KeGY-00040-00015311-00015704 to clean it up. It records every move you make, SVLEaL8KeGY-00041-00015704-00016183 so for example, if I would hit enter and I didn't want it to hint enter SVLEaL8KeGY-00042-00016183-00016495 I can come can and delete it. You can take out some of SVLEaL8KeGY-00043-00016495-00017084 these I'm necessary spaces. The reason that we do that is simply SVLEaL8KeGY-00044-00017084-00017493 to make your macro a more concise code. SVLEaL8KeGY-00045-00017493-00017834 Because the less space SVLEaL8KeGY-00046-00017834-00018167 or used area we have the faster your SVLEaL8KeGY-00047-00018167-00018479 macro will work. Then press Save. SVLEaL8KeGY-00048-00018479-00018864 We can close this. I'm going to clear it out. SVLEaL8KeGY-00049-00018864-00019237 Press Control + d on my keyboard because SVLEaL8KeGY-00050-00019237-00019642 that is the keyboard shortcut we assigned to it. And their SVLEaL8KeGY-00051-00019642-00019959 walla, my macro will do this SVLEaL8KeGY-00052-00019959-00020434 every time in a new Word document. SVLEaL8KeGY-00053-00020434-00020819 I hope you found this tip useful and check back with Deutmeyer Consulting Services SVLEaL8KeGY-00054-00020819-00021087 for more regular tips. Have a wonderful day! SYxrdZGx1EQ-00000-00000000-00000056 welcome SYxrdZGx1EQ-00001-00000056-00000544 this is just some stream i wanted to do because i have not done one in a while SYxrdZGx1EQ-00002-00000544-00001016 i hope you enjoyed this stream even though were just talking in the chat SYxrdZGx1EQ-00003-00001016-00001128 anyway, enjoy :) SYcDmToX9Qk-00000-00000120-00000175 hi friends Sal_6InHMAI-00000-00000010-00000316 Hello guys, I'm Benny, Dano's master coach Sal_6InHMAI-00001-00000330-00000566 Followed by Squat challenge and Lunge challenge, Sal_6InHMAI-00002-00000566-00000824 We're about to start Inside lunge (inner thigh workout), aka INSSA LUNGE Sal_6InHMAI-00003-00000824-00001060 10 Rep Every Day Challenge Sal_6InHMAI-00004-00001060-00001414 You won't give up on this. Let's begin! Sal_6InHMAI-00005-00001414-00001546 Every Day 10 Reps Inside Lunge Challenge! Sal_6InHMAI-00006-00001546-00002020 Take a step back with your right leg, crossing it behind your left Sal_6InHMAI-00007-00002020-00002462 Bend your right knee until it's in align with the back of your left foot Sal_6InHMAI-00008-00002484-00002692 Stabilize your stance and stand up. Sal_6InHMAI-00009-00002692-00002784 That's all! Sal_6InHMAI-00010-00002804-00002906 Let's do 10 reps Sal_6InHMAI-00011-00002920-00003010 Lower the hips slowly Sal_6InHMAI-00012-00003078-00003211 Simply stand up, that's right! Sal_6InHMAI-00013-00003254-00003454 Inhale as you lower down, exhale as you come up Sal_6InHMAI-00014-00003454-00003740 If you're losing balance Sal_6InHMAI-00015-00003740-00003974 go slower than my count Sal_6InHMAI-00016-00004008-00004316 What's more important than reps is...watch this! Sal_6InHMAI-00017-00004316-00004420 that you feel that burn on your front inner thigh Sal_6InHMAI-00018-00004434-00004562 Touch it. Can you feel it? Sal_6InHMAI-00019-00004578-00004704 That's right! and return to start Sal_6InHMAI-00020-00004704-00005188 Keep engaging your front inner thigh and gluteus medius Sal_6InHMAI-00021-00005280-00005624 You may also modify by bending your knees less Sal_6InHMAI-00023-00005736-00005908 Alright, here comes the last one Sal_6InHMAI-00024-00005922-00006000 Stay there! Sal_6InHMAI-00025-00006018-00006246 Pulse 1 inch up and down 1 inch Sal_6InHMAI-00026-00006246-00006392 Let's try bouncing 5 times , 2 Sal_6InHMAI-00027-00006430-00006480 3 Sal_6InHMAI-00029-00006536-00006598 4 Sal_6InHMAI-00030-00006602-00006652 5 Sal_6InHMAI-00031-00006652-00006852 Amazing job guys (clap, clap) Sal_6InHMAI-00032-00006854-00006968 Let's repeat on the other side Sal_6InHMAI-00033-00007008-00007136 You're looking good Sal_6InHMAI-00034-00007194-00007736 A quick reminder. Place your left knee in line with your front foot Sal_6InHMAI-00035-00007736-00007914 And press yourself up Sal_6InHMAI-00036-00007914-00008022 Let's do this Sal_6InHMAI-00037-00008059-00008326 This move will challenge your stability Sal_6InHMAI-00038-00008344-00008948 because it activates different muscles on your lower body that improve balance Sal_6InHMAI-00039-00009046-00009192 Nice job guys Sal_6InHMAI-00040-00009236-00009466 Inhale and exhale Sal_6InHMAI-00041-00009484-00009562 Stop there! Sal_6InHMAI-00042-00009562-00009884 Your powerhouse is in your right inner thigh and outer hip Sal_6InHMAI-00043-00009954-00010382 Now you begin panting and feel burning sensation on your thighs? Sal_6InHMAI-00044-00010382-00010516 Let's bounce Sal_6InHMAI-00045-00010516-00010566 1 Sal_6InHMAI-00046-00010606-00010660 2 Sal_6InHMAI-00047-00010686-00010744 3 Sal_6InHMAI-00048-00010768-00010818 4 Sal_6InHMAI-00049-00010818-00010868 5 Sal_6InHMAI-00050-00010868-00011150 Well done! (clap clap) Sal_6InHMAI-00051-00011150-00011542 Do you feel stronger on your hips and inner thighs? Sal_6InHMAI-00052-00011542-00011728 That's right! Sal_6InHMAI-00053-00011754-00011822 Every Day 10 Reps Inside Lunge Challenge! Sal_6InHMAI-00054-00011846-00012040 So guys, our goal was Sal_6InHMAI-00055-00012040-00012190 to break your habitual pattern of working out no more than three days Sal_6InHMAI-00056-00012190-00012600 and to try one movement for 10 reps everyday Sal_6InHMAI-00057-00012600-00012896 I will see you tomorrow again with Inside Lunge Challenge Sal_6InHMAI-00058-00012896-00013004 Good bye! Sal_6InHMAI-00059-00013022-00013224 You'll come back again tomorrow, right? Sal_6InHMAI-00060-00013284-00013424 Free Shipping Sal_6InHMAI-00061-00013536-00013636 Chicken Breast Mini Ball Sal_6InHMAI-00062-00013778-00013916 Vietnamese Pho, only 175kcal Sal_6InHMAI-00064-00014190-00014378 Chicken breat Gonyak Dumplings Sal_6InHMAI-00065-00014430-00014610 Dano's Signature Bentobox Sal_6InHMAI-00066-00014656-00014806 Free Shipping SaMGw81--3M-00000-00000087-00001376 (Music plays) SaMGw81--3M-00001-00001461-00001912 Dave: What have we got here? No, there’s nothing there actually. Just joking. SaMGw81--3M-00002-00001912-00002285 But this, this is the perfect habitat for Bush Stone-curlews, quite a rare native bird: SaMGw81--3M-00003-00002305-00002633 fallen timber, native grasses is just what they need. SaMGw81--3M-00004-00002656-00002896 Now Stacey, are you up for an adventure? SaMGw81--3M-00005-00002896-00002956 Stacey: I sure am. SaMGw81--3M-00006-00002956-00003213 Dave: I reckon you can try and find some for us. What do you think? SaMGw81--3M-00007-00003213-00003293 Stacey: Yes. SaMGw81--3M-00008-00003369-00003960 Okay, so Dr Dave has sent us down here, just outside Burrumbuttock to look for the Bush Stone-curlew. SaMGw81--3M-00009-00003985-00004597 Wow, let’s just be really quiet here. This has been a real challenge. SaMGw81--3M-00010-00004637-00005015 Because they’re a vulnerable species they are rarely found in our catchment. SaMGw81--3M-00011-00005097-00005887 Oh, is that one? Oh wow, I think there's three. That’s amazing. As they’re usually found in pairs. SaMGw81--3M-00012-00005938-00006203 So that must be the mum, the dad and the baby. SaMGw81--3M-00013-00006250-00006886 It’s great news that farmers, land care groups, schools and communities have been working together SaMGw81--3M-00014-00006886-00007019 to help protect this special bird. SaMGw81--3M-00015-00007019-00007253 Dr Dave’s going to love this. SaMGw81--3M-00016-00007287-00007853 Dave: Well done, Stacey. These guys are actually quite scarce in southern New South Wales now. SaMGw81--3M-00017-00007906-00008552 You can see they’ve got a large nocturnal eye, long legs, with quite knobby knees. SaMGw81--3M-00018-00008574-00009300 In the daytime, they spend their time nibbling on insects, spiders, seeds and little green shoots, SaMGw81--3M-00019-00009300-00009740 moving out into open grassy paddocks, and that puts them at risk from the big bad fox. SaMGw81--3M-00020-00009907-00010149 Stacey: They lay their eggs out in open paddocks. SaMGw81--3M-00021-00010180-00010653 This means the eggs become vulnerable to trampling by stock, like cattle and horses. SaMGw81--3M-00022-00011236-00011523 Dave: So it’s a really good idea to leave those fallen logs and branches around SaMGw81--3M-00023-00011523-00011845 and the Bush Stone-curlew can keep on surviving. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00000-00000000-00000680 "Does running a Bitcoin full node and / or a Lightning node at home attract hackers to my IP address... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00001-00000680-00001208 and home network. Also, could it reveal my ownership of bitcoin and attract physical attacks?" Sc58rwqZmlQ-00002-00001208-00001654 "Are pre-configured full node starter kits safe to use for non-technical people, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00003-00001654-00002290 or is this against the point of running a full node and thus non-technical people should abandon the idea?" Sc58rwqZmlQ-00004-00002290-00002588 This is a great set of questions. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00005-00002588-00003506 Running a Bitcoin full node on your home network will possibly make it obvious to the world... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00006-00003506-00003829 that you have an interest in Bitcoin. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00007-00003829-00004494 If your security depends on nobody knowing that you have an interest in Bitcoin, we have a term for that: Sc58rwqZmlQ-00008-00004494-00005088 in [information] security circles, that is called "security-by-obscurity," and it is not [really] security. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00009-00005088-00005902 Security-by-obscurity basically relies on people not knowing about either the layout of your network, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00010-00005902-00006444 the security tools you are using, what you are interested in, or what kind of assets you have. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00011-00006444-00007072 It is the weakest form of security. It [doesn't provide zero benefit]. [It is a good idea] to have some obscurity. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00012-00007072-00007692 It is not a bad thing to do. But if you only rely on that for your security, then you have a big problem. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00013-00007692-00008678 If it is fairly easy to access your Bitcoin wallet or compromise your Windows machine, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00014-00008678-00009218 then you will fall victim to attacks that are broad-based. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00015-00009218-00009828 Someone could write a virus to troll as many Windows machines as possible, millions around the world. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00016-00009828-00010220 Or even Macs, Linux machines, and other devices. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00017-00010220-00011214 [The virus could] look for specific things, like files called "wallet.dat" or entries in the clipboard that look like... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00018-00011214-00011730 Base58 encoded Bitcoin addresses or private keys. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00019-00011730-00012560 Then they attack those machines. It is not really the targeted attacks that are the main problem, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00020-00012560-00013109 but these types of viruses and Trojans are now being distributed broadly. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00021-00013110-00013718 The chances of your machine [being infected] depends on how well you secure your computer. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00022-00013718-00014397 Whether someone knows you have bitcoin, won't [necessarily] make you more or less a target of attack. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00023-00014397-00015244 At the moment, everyone is being attacked. [What] you should do is maintain your operating system. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00024-00015244-00015808 Apply the security updates as soon as they come out. Always. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00025-00015808-00016269 Don't install all kinds of weird software, when you don't know where it has come from. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00026-00016269-00016902 Be careful with the settings of your firewall, to protect access from the outside. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00027-00016902-00017512 Use strong passwords on your operating system and all of the websites you visit. Use a password manager. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00028-00017512-00018286 All of these standard security practices will strengthen the security of your home network. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00029-00018286-00019156 If you are really worried about advertising the presence of a Bitcoin node, you can use a Tor hidden node, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00030-00019156-00019812 where your Bitcoin node only communicates over Tor. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00031-00019812-00021098 That obscures the origin and destination of your Bitcoin protocol related interactions your node [participates in]. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00032-00021098-00021798 You should really not think of obscurity as [the best and only] security mechanism [to use]. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00033-00021798-00022280 As for the second part of the question, which is about full node starter kits, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00034-00022280-00022778 they are a great way to get involved in [Bitcoin] by running your own full node. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00035-00022778-00023938 They make it easy for you to install in the first place, by buying this mini-PC running some version of Linux... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00036-00023938-00024500 and has a Bitcoin client implementation (which is usually Bitcoin Core) on it. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00037-00024500-00024970 [You can] just plug it into your home network, configure the wireless, and boom: you have a node. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00038-00024970-00025308 It will run, sync [with the network], and all the things you expect it to do. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00039-00025308-00025850 Just because you have bought it pre-configured doesn't mean you can't gradually develop the expertise to... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00040-00025850-00026494 log on to that system, upgrade the Bitcoin Core software, and configure it differently. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00041-00026494-00026868 Eventually, you will learn more and more about how to manage that Bitcoin system, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00042-00026868-00027366 things that you would need to do anyway if you are running your own Bitcoin node from scratch. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00043-00027366-00027942 So it is a great way to get started easily, and it doesn't stop you from expanding your knowledge... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00044-00027942-00028244 and doing more with the node you have installed. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00045-00028244-00028898 Overall, I think it is a good idea. You can do it fairly easily and inexpensively. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00046-00028898-00029286 The next question is closely related to the previous one. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00047-00029286-00030132 "If I've understood correctly, Bitcoin full nodes listen, find, and connect to other nodes via port 8333." Sc58rwqZmlQ-00048-00030132-00030680 "What does this mean from a security perspective? Could ISPs block traffic along those ports?" Sc58rwqZmlQ-00049-00030680-00031124 "How would Bitcoin nodes find each other if we use different ports?" Sc58rwqZmlQ-00050-00031124-00031498 "Or have all these lessons been learned from the peer-to-peer torrenting community... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00051-00031498-00031806 and we can just follow in their footsteps?" Sc58rwqZmlQ-00052-00031806-00032618 Mark, that is a great question. While the default standard port for Bitcoin is 8333, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00053-00032618-00033200 you don't need to use that port for your Bitcoin node and you can change ports. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00054-00033200-00033722 If, for whatever reason, that port was blocked, you can just configure it to use a different port. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00055-00033722-00034492 When your Bitcoin node connects to other nodes it finds on the network, it advertises its own presence. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00056-00034492-00034840 It will tell other nodes that they can connect to it. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00057-00034842-00035492 It is not just propagating its IP address, it is also propagating its port number. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00058-00035492-00036106 The full node connection string in the Bitcoin protocol is the IP address and the port number. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00059-00036106-00036720 If you put your Bitcoin node on a non-standard port, it will advertise its IP address and the non-standard port, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00060-00036720-00036882 so that others can find it. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00061-00036882-00037246 [Nodes] will connect to it on any port it may be on. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00062-00037246-00038066 The default port is 8333, but you don't need to use it. Is it more secure to not use the default? Perhaps. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00063-00038066-00038694 If your node is advertising an open port on 8333, then it is obviously a Bitcoin node. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00064-00038694-00039920 If it is advertising an open port on 6325, 2513, or any other port number, does that mean you are... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00065-00039920-00040208 hiding the fact that you are running [a Bitcoin node]? No. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00066-00040208-00040998 A port scanner could connect to port 2513, send a TCP/IP packet and see what comes back. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00067-00040998-00041386 Port scanners have the ability to do what is called "fingerprinting." Sc58rwqZmlQ-00068-00041386-00041872 From that fingerprinting, they can find out not only what application is responding on the other side, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00069-00041872-00042254 by looking at certain response patterns, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00070-00042254-00042956 but also what operating system and TCP/IP stack is on the other side of the connection. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00071-00042956-00043680 You are not hiding anything by changing ports; it is still easy to discover that you are running Bitcoin Core. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00072-00043680-00044442 Port scanning software [can even figure out] the version number and fingerprint that quite easily. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00073-00044442-00045438 If you really want to hide the presence of Bitcoin on your node, then you should run it as a hidden Tor node. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00074-00045438-00046074 That is the only way to really hide it, and is much better than changing your port number. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00075-00046074-00046450 To the other part of your question, what happens if ISPs block that port? Sc58rwqZmlQ-00076-00046450-00047170 You just use a different port. That is the kind of cat-and-mouse games most ISPs don't play anymore. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00077-00047170-00047742 They don't play it is because they have realized it is very difficult to maintain that game. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00078-00047742-00048380 If they would keep blocking ports that correspond to difference services, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00079-00048380-00049288 all of the services will end up migrating to ports 80 and 443, so that they look like web servers. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00080-00049288-00050242 They can't really block your access to port 443, which is HTTPS, or port 80, which would disrupt web browsing. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00081-00050242-00051204 Some ISPs will block all incoming ports, but in that case, you can use a VPN or proxy to forward things. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00082-00051204-00051929 They can't solve that either. If they start looking at the traffic to determine if it is Bitcoin or HTTP traffic, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00083-00051929-00052867 to figure out how to block one versus the other, then you encrypt the traffic and run it over an SSL proxy or VPN, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00084-00052867-00053205 into a country where ports are not blocked. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00085-00053205-00053738 The bottom line is, it is very difficult to control access to different applications. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00086-00053738-00054314 If you have a general-purpose computer and a packet-forwarding network like the internet, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00087-00054314-00055012 you can hide traffic in a number of different protocols, in such a way that it becomes a cat-and-mouse game. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00088-00055012-00055240 Even in places like China and North Korea, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00089-00055240-00055779 where they have very effective firewalls and dedicate enormous resources [to censorship], Sc58rwqZmlQ-00090-00055779-00056600 those who are willing to take the risk to evade and bypass these restrictions are able to do so. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00091-00056600-00057286 The biggest risk there is not that they will find your port; it is that your neighbor will snitch on you for doing this. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00092-00057286-00057712 You could end up in jail or a gulag or worse. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00093-00057712-00058358 The technical aspect, of evading port blockers, deep-packet inspection, and things like that, Sc58rwqZmlQ-00094-00058358-00058879 have been learned by the peer-to-peer community, as you indicated Mark. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00095-00058879-00059455 Therefore, there isn't really a great risk of ISPs blocking those ports. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00096-00059455-00059916 If they want to start playing this cat-and-mouse game, we have a big tool set [to counter the blocking]. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00097-00059916-00060710 As I have said before, if people start attacking Bitcoin in this way, it will trigger the evolution of Bitcoin into... Sc58rwqZmlQ-00098-00060710-00061905 a more stealthy, anonymous, and evasive protocol, and it will keep evolving in response [to attacks]. Sc58rwqZmlQ-00099-00061905-00062424 The only reason it doesn't [already] do these things today, is because it doesn't need to [yet]. SgtNoSYstuo-00000-00000554-00001830 Chicken Kofta Gravy SgtNoSYstuo-00001-00001830-00002546 Minced Chicken 500 Gms SgtNoSYstuo-00004-00012900-00014062 Add Minced Chicken and grind SgtNoSYstuo-00005-00014062-00016668 Add an Egg and mix well SgtNoSYstuo-00009-00032086-00034728 Add the Ground paste and saute SgtNoSYstuo-00014-00059094-00061000 Chicken Kofta Gravy is ready. This goes well with Chapati, Parota, Biriyani, Coconut rice.. SgtNoSYstuo-00015-00061000-00061860 Try this and post your comments. Like, share and Subscribe. Thanks for watching Si30kgPaSNc-00000-00000550-00001365 good morning guys everybody welcome to the channel so this disclaimer straight Si30kgPaSNc-00001-00001365-00001777 off you guys who don't like the long stories Si30kgPaSNc-00002-00001777-00002616 switch off go to another video so many of you subscribers have asked for the Si30kgPaSNc-00003-00002616-00003134 stories and you've asked can you have the longer stories so you have a choice Si30kgPaSNc-00004-00003134-00003726 now people switch off move on what stick around you'll love me and Si30kgPaSNc-00005-00003726-00004667 hate me for this one I'm sure so this story is about a gentleman called Si30kgPaSNc-00006-00004667-00005180 Michael I'm going to call him Mike it's a real story Si30kgPaSNc-00007-00005180-00006422 this gentleman is American 65 years old divorced retired and I won't give you Si30kgPaSNc-00008-00006422-00006865 all the his history he was in the financial market Si30kgPaSNc-00009-00006865-00007611 he'd been to Thailand three times before after his divorce decided he wanted to Si30kgPaSNc-00010-00007611-00008618 retire to Thailand and he put his everything in place he was in the Si30kgPaSNc-00011-00008618-00009077 position where he had a state government pension whatever it was for America Si30kgPaSNc-00012-00009077-00009849 which was bringing him in two thousand US dollars a month on top of that he had Si30kgPaSNc-00013-00009849-00010656 inheritance his divorce was a wealthy lady he had ten million baht in the bank Si30kgPaSNc-00014-00010656-00011318 which is two hundred and fifty thousand pounds three hundred twenty thousand US Si30kgPaSNc-00015-00011318-00011778 dollars four hundred fifty thousand America Australia Dollars something like this in Si30kgPaSNc-00016-00011778-00012590 the bank in America and he decided that's it it's time he's moving he got on a plane Si30kgPaSNc-00017-00012590-00012994 say goodbye to everyone in America Si30kgPaSNc-00018-00012994-00013945 over to the land of smiles he decided Jomtien just south of Pattaya and he Si30kgPaSNc-00019-00013945-00014531 rented a condominium mmm he opened it a bank account he had a retirement visa Si30kgPaSNc-00020-00014531-00015194 what extension retirement visa and everything sets up so he found a condo Si30kgPaSNc-00021-00015194-00015973 with a swimming pool not far from the beach he rented bank set up everything Si30kgPaSNc-00022-00015973-00016865 fine he had a couple of friends in you in Pattaya similar age to himself and he Si30kgPaSNc-00023-00016865-00017657 started settling down in the area most days he'd go for a nice long walk quite Si30kgPaSNc-00024-00017657-00018332 often he would end up just drinking coffee or breakfast and the restaurants Si30kgPaSNc-00025-00018332-00018695 and things and wander around for the day he wasn't into the nightlife he wasn't Si30kgPaSNc-00026-00018695-00019261 going out at night drinking and womanizing the battery went Si30kgPaSNc-00027-00019261-00020072 he wasn't really looking for love it was 65 he thought maybe he'd had the Si30kgPaSNc-00028-00020072-00020675 odd girlfriend now and then and he had his friends so life was good money in Si30kgPaSNc-00029-00020675-00021413 the bank everything was sorted he had no children and an ex-wife but that was Si30kgPaSNc-00030-00021413-00022207 over the family nothing just him on his own he was at five foot ten average Si30kgPaSNc-00031-00022207-00023009 build healthy and had a great life it was set up for perfect retirement in Si30kgPaSNc-00032-00023009-00023909 Thailand now these things happen when you're in Thailand and even though you Si30kgPaSNc-00033-00023909-00024509 didn't intend to meet a woman he found himself one afternoon with his two Si30kgPaSNc-00034-00024509-00025334 friends those guys from America similar age on Beach Road in Pattaya they were Si30kgPaSNc-00035-00025334-00025708 just sat down quite often they find themselves there Si30kgPaSNc-00036-00025708-00026302 just sat down people watching or watching the Sun go down just Si30kgPaSNc-00037-00026302-00027005 generally chatting away and this one day in the afternoon it must have been about Si30kgPaSNc-00038-00027005-00027605 five-ish in the afternoon his friends were going off to a bar and he didn't Si30kgPaSNc-00039-00027605-00028120 want to go he said not going to bother today I'm just going to relax here and Si30kgPaSNc-00040-00028120-00028870 watch the world go by so his friends went off and Mike sat there for nearly Si30kgPaSNc-00041-00028870-00029338 an hour and he noticed in the corner of his eye Si30kgPaSNc-00042-00029338-00030191 a tall girl like 20 feet away just leaned against a tree on the telephone Si30kgPaSNc-00043-00030191-00031127 and was facing the the beach and he just looks at her and this girl just turned Si30kgPaSNc-00044-00031127-00031949 around looked at him straight in the eyes and smiled and then turned back Si30kgPaSNc-00045-00031949-00032752 around and carried on talking on the phone at this point Mike thought very Si30kgPaSNc-00046-00032752-00033416 tall very slim very long dark hair wearing a dress not like the normal Si30kgPaSNc-00047-00033416-00034028 clothes that you're going to see girls on Beach Road wearing but he suspected Si30kgPaSNc-00048-00034028-00034700 this was a ladyboy because being tall but he was intrigued there is something Si30kgPaSNc-00049-00034700-00035353 different about this person anyway this girl finished on a phone call Si30kgPaSNc-00050-00035353-00035990 and just moved forward to the concrete sort of wall edge wall and walked around Si30kgPaSNc-00051-00035990-00036719 the wall she was sat on the wall facing the beach and she just sat there looking Si30kgPaSNc-00052-00036719-00037565 into the distance and Mike it's just you're intriged is it a lady boy is it Si30kgPaSNc-00053-00037565-00038207 a girl what's the story his friends had gone off to a bar And Si30kgPaSNc-00054-00038207-00038952 he got up and he walked across and he said hello and introduced himself so Si30kgPaSNc-00055-00038952-00039860 that Mike and this girl said my name is Kung, Kung nice to meet you Si30kgPaSNc-00056-00039860-00040905 and Mike said you're very tall and Kung spoke fabulous English really Si30kgPaSNc-00057-00040905-00041430 really good English pronunciation is everything really good and Kung looks at him Si30kgPaSNc-00058-00041430-00041883 and smiled and said lots of people think I'm a ladyboy because I'm so tall Si30kgPaSNc-00059-00041883-00042936 but I'm not and smiled at him again at this point Mike was ready to sit down Si30kgPaSNc-00060-00042936-00043512 and have a chat but Kung stood up and said really sorry I've got to go now Si30kgPaSNc-00061-00043512-00044031 nice to meet you Mike Michael I think he called him my great nice to meet you Si30kgPaSNc-00062-00044031-00045191 Michael maybe see you again and walked off that was hook number one Michael Si30kgPaSNc-00063-00045191-00045831 looked at her walking off she was gorgeous absolutely he didn't know Si30kgPaSNc-00064-00045831-00046362 anything about it it's just the way she was dressed in a nice dress the way she Si30kgPaSNc-00065-00046362-00047366 walks held her frame her long flowing hair her smile was piercing apparent and Si30kgPaSNc-00066-00047366-00048030 he she was stood there with his mouth open and as Kung walked off to the edge Si30kgPaSNc-00067-00048030-00048396 of the road before crossing and she just turned back gave him that smile again Si30kgPaSNc-00068-00048396-00049454 and then disappeared that was in Mike's head all night he went off home had food Si30kgPaSNc-00069-00049454-00050166 all night all he could keep thinking about was couldn't smile this tall Si30kgPaSNc-00070-00050166-00050827 elegant unusial girl just by the way she had Si30kgPaSNc-00071-00050827-00051369 a dress on late afternoon on Beach Road Si30kgPaSNc-00072-00051483-00051927 she wasn't normal just didn't little different Si30kgPaSNc-00073-00051927-00052687 anyway it's better whole night thinking about and the next day he thought he's Si30kgPaSNc-00074-00052687-00053123 got to go and find out more he went nice to meet her getting to know what she Si30kgPaSNc-00075-00053123-00053737 does where she lives nothing about her at all he didn't know how He was going to meet her Si30kgPaSNc-00076-00053737-00054362 he's going to have to go back to the same place he told his friends met them Si30kgPaSNc-00077-00054362-00054997 again as usual told them all about this encounter and they just laughed and Si30kgPaSNc-00078-00054997-00055873 anyway off he went on his own back to beach road sat there all afternoon Si30kgPaSNc-00079-00055879-00056312 no Kung all afternoon that was driving him Si30kgPaSNc-00080-00056312-00057161 mad now and she didn't appear off he went home again meal he's becoming Si30kgPaSNc-00081-00057161-00057895 infatuated by just the thought of not knowing the tease it was just sending him potty Si30kgPaSNc-00082-00057895-00058870 he was that one smile had hooked him it just intrigued and nosy he went Si30kgPaSNc-00083-00058870-00059279 back the next day again spent three or four hours in the afternoon on Beach Si30kgPaSNc-00084-00059279-00060116 Road and then again about five-ish he spotted Kung walking along the beach Si30kgPaSNc-00085-00060116-00060725 towards him from the dolphin roundabout end from the dusset resort and coming Si30kgPaSNc-00086-00060725-00061327 along towards him he was somewhere around SOI post office about that sort of area Si30kgPaSNc-00087-00061327-00061937 the beach side and he spotted her and she walks along back to the same place Si30kgPaSNc-00088-00061937-00062701 she sat before she got round the concrete bit sat down she glanced over Si30kgPaSNc-00089-00062701-00063283 a little bit at the left hand side saw Michael and smiled but then turned Si30kgPaSNc-00090-00063283-00063537 away again Si30kgPaSNc-00091-00063684-00064603 and he's ah that's it he's straight over straight across how Kung how are you great Si30kgPaSNc-00092-00064603-00065614 to see you again may I sit down and he said them and they got chatted know very Si30kgPaSNc-00093-00065614-00066598 very clever lady this Kung very clever she told him she was 42 as soon as he'd Si30kgPaSNc-00094-00066598-00066853 asked some personal questions she'd deflect him Si30kgPaSNc-00095-00066853-00067534 I'm 42 no family she admitted to that but an older brother and couple years Si30kgPaSNc-00096-00067534-00068155 older than me but deflected everything back to him and she started questioning Si30kgPaSNc-00097-00068155-00069316 him and Mike just Blurted out his whole life story in about 20 minutes to her and she Si30kgPaSNc-00098-00069316-00070114 just smiled at him and listened didn't say anything why he told her his life Si30kgPaSNc-00099-00070114-00070560 story in 20 minutes I don't know but he did Si30kgPaSNc-00100-00070560-00071283 at this point kung said it's lovely to hear about your story Si30kgPaSNc-00101-00071283-00072369 Michael I've gotta go maybe I'll see you again up she got off she goes again Si30kgPaSNc-00102-00072369-00072859 as same gets to the edge of the pavement where she is going to cross over Si30kgPaSNc-00103-00072859-00073843 turns around smiles at him and goes thats it hook number two she now knows that Si30kgPaSNc-00104-00073843-00074670 Michael is here to stay he's got a rented condo he's not going anywhere Si30kgPaSNc-00105-00074835-00075559 he's absolutely devastated he stood there he's just watched her walk away Si30kgPaSNc-00106-00075559-00076355 again and he still knows hardly anything about her ok she's 42 Si30kgPaSNc-00107-00076355-00076766 doesn't know what she does for a living he doesn't know if she's got a partner Si30kgPaSNc-00108-00076766-00077408 he doesn't know where she lives I think and he stood there and has Si30kgPaSNc-00109-00077408-00078133 realized what he's just done yet he has no information he's exactly the same Si30kgPaSNc-00110-00078133-00079220 he's back to square one and even more so besotted by Kung instead of pushing and Si30kgPaSNc-00111-00079220-00080095 questioning and getting information he gave it all silly boy silly boy so off Si30kgPaSNc-00112-00080095-00080591 he goes meets up with his friends that evening tells let me bumped into this Si30kgPaSNc-00113-00080591-00081188 girl again didn't quite tell them everything the guys were embarrassment Si30kgPaSNc-00114-00081188-00081935 because he had didn't know anything had a meal with them and he went home again Si30kgPaSNc-00115-00081935-00082886 all night all he could think about was this girl come tall slim beautiful again Si30kgPaSNc-00116-00082886-00083690 that day she been dressed in a different dress but very smart here he was he was Si30kgPaSNc-00117-00083690-00084233 just falling for her but he didn't know she might be married you might have you Si30kgPaSNc-00118-00084233-00084922 know she said had no family and just a brother but she might have a husband so Si30kgPaSNc-00119-00084922-00085475 he back to square one again next day yep you guessed it he's back in Beach Road Si30kgPaSNc-00120-00085475-00085979 this time he's gone later because she seems to turn out of about 5 and luckily Si30kgPaSNc-00121-00085979-00086744 for Mike Michael she did appear again back to the same seat he straight over Si30kgPaSNc-00122-00086744-00087611 again this time she said straight away high Michael smiled Michael Si30kgPaSNc-00123-00087611-00088037 needs to get some information and he's just come straight out with it are you Si30kgPaSNc-00124-00088037-00088964 married no are you involved with a man no and again she's deflecting started to Si30kgPaSNc-00125-00088964-00089337 deflect but he's come back said I'd love to know some information Si30kgPaSNc-00126-00089337-00089858 a bit more about you what do you do for a living at this point Si30kgPaSNc-00127-00089858-00090924 Kung drip fed him some information she'd been working in Pattaya for 20 years or Si30kgPaSNc-00128-00090924-00091587 just over and all she said was it in the massage industry all she said that's all Si30kgPaSNc-00129-00091587-00092517 she gave him and Mike new she was thinking about getting up and going so he said to Si30kgPaSNc-00130-00092517-00093377 her can I take you for a meal Kung said love to but not today how about Si30kgPaSNc-00131-00093377-00094208 lunch tomorrow Mike would grab at anything he take anything any offer at this point Si30kgPaSNc-00132-00094208-00094851 it's probably tongues hanging out with his drooling with his mouth open so yet Si30kgPaSNc-00133-00094851-00095664 they've arranged a restaurant along the beach a Thai restaurant Western and Thai and they arrange to meet to Si30kgPaSNc-00134-00095664-00096492 meet at two o'clock the next lunch time Kungs got up smiled say goodbye shook Si30kgPaSNc-00135-00096492-00097147 his hand walked off again the ritual turns around smiles crosses the road and Si30kgPaSNc-00136-00097147-00098025 Gone Mike's like a school is just like a kid he's jumping up and down with joy he's Si30kgPaSNc-00137-00098025-00099278 got a date with a girl he met on beach Road in Pattaya she said he just yeah Si30kgPaSNc-00138-00099281-00099960 well she's different she's special she has to be special he's just totally Si30kgPaSNc-00139-00099960-00100536 different wearing the dress in the daytime Beach Road not asking him for Si30kgPaSNc-00140-00100536-00101100 anything not pushing him for anything he's asked for days he's got a lunch she Si30kgPaSNc-00141-00101100-00101747 didn't want the evening meal mmm why I don't know Si30kgPaSNc-00142-00101801-00102268 if he goes for his evening meal meets his friends tells them he's got a date Si30kgPaSNc-00143-00102268-00102800 and they've just rips into him rotten these two friends of his have been there Si30kgPaSNc-00144-00102800-00103582 for a while what how you've got dates with a girl you met on Beach Road they Si30kgPaSNc-00145-00103582-00104158 just they think this is hilarious that you know the normal is just totally not Si30kgPaSNc-00146-00104158-00104980 the normal and they can ease they can see he's absolutely fallen for anyway Si30kgPaSNc-00147-00104980-00105500 they rip into him all evening he goes home and starts thinking about what they Si30kgPaSNc-00148-00105500-00106159 said and he's like work she can't be a girl works in a bar no she can't be a Si30kgPaSNc-00149-00106159-00106777 freelancer she's she would come straight home with me I give us some money and Si30kgPaSNc-00150-00106777-00107429 that would be that she's not asked for anything she's different she's special Si30kgPaSNc-00151-00107429-00108545 she's going to be mmm next day comes Michaels smarten's himself up some nice Si30kgPaSNc-00152-00108545-00109544 trousers on nice shirt he's at the restaurant 30-minute early he sat on the Si30kgPaSNc-00153-00109544-00109858 front table so it's almost next to the pavement but you can see the beach Si30kgPaSNc-00154-00109858-00110647 across the road and exactly on 2 o clock kung comes walking around the corner Si30kgPaSNc-00155-00110647-00111430 right on time to the minute she's walked into the restaurant he stood up and Si30kgPaSNc-00156-00111430-00112035 waved at her Kung comes over he's gone round moved her seat for her Si30kgPaSNc-00157-00112035-00112820 gentleman put her at the table and sat down opposite Her and they order a drink and they Si30kgPaSNc-00158-00112820-00113667 look at the menu and he's immediately into question mode Si30kgPaSNc-00159-00113690-00114218 come on Kung tell me about your life what's, everything he's asking Si30kgPaSNc-00160-00114218-00114705 and she's like I don't really like talking about my personal life Si30kgPaSNc-00161-00114705-00115604 to strangers okay I don't really know you and I'm not all that comfortable at Si30kgPaSNc-00162-00115604-00116276 this point and how that that's just like slap in your face Michael you just slow Si30kgPaSNc-00163-00116276-00117250 down boy I can't believe it you look anyway they order food and if Si30kgPaSNc-00164-00117250-00118132 kung had leant across the table and just rubbed their hand down his face Si30kgPaSNc-00165-00118132-00118850 with a bit of affection I'm sure Michael would have reached a climax there and Si30kgPaSNc-00166-00118850-00120010 then Kung had him eating out of her hand drooling at whoever at her every spoken Si30kgPaSNc-00167-00120010-00121560 word hook three totally hooked she knew that he was besotted now at this moment Si30kgPaSNc-00168-00121560-00122236 nearly finished the food Michael is exploding he's just like not Si30kgPaSNc-00169-00122236-00123164 thinking straight he turns around to Kung and says I fallen for your looks Si30kgPaSNc-00170-00123164-00124166 and your personality and just fallen for you you're a gorgeous so different if I Si30kgPaSNc-00171-00124166-00124690 gave you two thousand baht would you come back to my apartment Si30kgPaSNc-00172-00124917-00125688 what do you think the reaction was mm 2000 baht this is a few years ago there's a Si30kgPaSNc-00173-00125688-00127100 lot of money 3/4 away through the food Kung stood up and said to Michael Si30kgPaSNc-00174-00127100-00128250 I'm not that sort of girl Michael you misunderstood or not read Si30kgPaSNc-00175-00128250-00128883 the situation I'm just not that sort of person and she's about Michael it Si30kgPaSNc-00176-00128883-00129464 immediately spotted she's about to walk and that's it gone Si30kgPaSNc-00177-00129473-00130449 luckily Michael straight into action full apology jumped up said god knows Si30kgPaSNc-00178-00130449-00130811 what but begged her to stay and was so apologetic Si30kgPaSNc-00179-00130811-00131499 didn't mean it in this way I'm so sorry oh my and please I love to get to know Si30kgPaSNc-00180-00131499-00131961 you better please please begging her Kung just Si30kgPaSNc-00181-00131961-00133041 stood there looking at him with daggers and she said ok I understand a lot of Si30kgPaSNc-00182-00133041-00133854 guys come here for girls and believe they can purchase skills I do understand Si30kgPaSNc-00183-00133854-00134295 I understand your mistake maybe I've come across in the wrong way Si30kgPaSNc-00184-00134295-00135170 she said I didn't mean to and she sat back down and carried on eating Si30kgPaSNc-00185-00135170-00135962 Michael's just his heart is in his mouth god I've nearly lost her and then starts Si30kgPaSNc-00186-00135962-00136703 spewing out more rubbish about of his life and and now he's lonely he's saying and Si30kgPaSNc-00187-00136703-00137760 looking for love hook four Kung is sat there he has just dropped Si30kgPaSNc-00188-00137760-00138471 himself right in it his whole life story everything and now his feelings and at Si30kgPaSNc-00189-00138471-00139233 this point she's totally in control Si30kgPaSNc-00190-00139349-00140457 so that's part one I told you you hate me see you in part two bye for now Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00000-00000220-00000597 Welcome, again, everybody! Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00001-00000597-00001033 Some really fun stuff appearing on the forums this week. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00002-00001033-00001565 One of the really great projects which was created by I believe our sole Bulgarian participant Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00003-00001565-00002284 in the course, Slav Ivanov, wrote a great post about picking an optimizer for style Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00004-00002284-00002442 transfer. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00005-00002442-00003183 This post came from a forum discussion in which I made an off-hand remark, about how Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00006-00003183-00003847 I know that in theory BFGS (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) is a deterministic optimizer, uses a line Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00007-00003847-00004284 search, it approximates the Hessian, it ought to work on this kind of deterministic problem Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00008-00004284-00004837 better, but I hadn't tried it myself and I hadn't seen anybody try it, so maybe somebody Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00009-00004837-00004951 should try it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00010-00004951-00005251 I don't know if you've noticed, but pretty much every week I say something like that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00011-00005251-00005644 a number of times and every time I do I'm always hoping that somebody might go, I wonder Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00012-00005644-00005757 that as well. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00013-00005757-00006520 So Slav did wonder and he posted a really interesting blog post about that exact question. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00014-00006520-00007252 I was thrilled to see that the blog post got a lot of pickup. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00015-00007252-00008168 On the machine learning Reddit, it got 55 upvotes, which for that subreddit put it in Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00016-00008168-00008525 2nd place on the front page. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00017-00008525-00009463 It also got picked up by the WildML mailing list weekly summary of interesting things Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00018-00009463-00010339 in AI, as the 2nd post that was listed, so that was great. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00019-00010339-00010718 For those of you that have looked at it and kind of wondered what is it about this post Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00020-00010718-00011402 that causes it to get noticed whereas other ones don't ... I'm not sure I know the secret Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00021-00011402-00011920 but as soon as I read it I thought, Okay I think a lot of people are going to read this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00022-00011920-00012370 It gives some background, it assumes an intelligent reader, it assumes an intelligent reader who Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00023-00012370-00012697 doesn't necessarily know all about this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00024-00012697-00013038 Something like you guys 6 months ago. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00025-00013038-00013906 It describes this is what it is, this is where this kind of thing is used, gives some examples, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00026-00013906-00014759 and then goes ahead and sets up the question of different optimization algorithms and then Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00027-00014759-00015387 shows lots of examples of learning curves as well as pictures that come out of these Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00028-00015387-00015715 different experiments. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00029-00015715-00016245 Hopefully it's been a great experience for Slav as well because in the Reddit thread Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00030-00016245-00016978 there's all kinds of folks pointing out other things he could try, questions that weren't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00031-00016978-00017881 quite clear, and summarized in that thread are a list of things that could be done next. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00032-00017881-00018198 It kind of opened up a whole interesting question. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00033-00018198-00019040 Another post (I'm not even sure if it's officially posted yet, I got the early-bird version from Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00034-00019040-00019409 Brad), is this crazy thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00035-00019409-00020106 Here is Kanye drawn using a brush of Jean-Luc Picard. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00036-00020106-00020750 In case you're wondering if that's really him, I will show you a zoomed in version - it Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00037-00020750-00021092 really is Jean-Luc Picard. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00038-00021092-00021675 This is a really interesting idea because he points out that generally speaking when Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00039-00021675-00022439 you try to use a non-artwork as your style image, it doesn't actually give very good Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00040-00022439-00022555 results. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00041-00022555-00023171 Here's another example of non-artwork, doesn't give good results. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00042-00023171-00023579 It's kind of interesting, but it's not quite what he was looking for. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00043-00023579-00024003 But if you tile it, you totally get it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00044-00024003-00024896 So here's Kanye using a Nintendo N-controller brush. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00045-00024896-00025669 So then he tried out this Jean-Luc Picard and got okay results and kind of realized Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00046-00025669-00026058 that actually the size of the texture is pretty critical. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00047-00026058-00026407 I've never seen anybody do this before. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00048-00026407-00026961 I think when this image gets shared on Twitter, it's going to go everywhere. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00049-00026961-00027345 It's just the freakiest thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00050-00027345-00027747 Freaky is good. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00051-00027747-00028348 I think I warned you about your projects when I first mentioned them as being very easy Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00052-00028348-00028852 to overshoot a little bit and spend weeks and weeks talking about what you're eventually Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00053-00028852-00028952 going to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00054-00028952-00029481 You've had a couple of weeks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00055-00029481-00029799 Really it would have been nice to have something done by now, rather than spending a couple Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00056-00029799-00030019 of weeks wondering about what to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00057-00030019-00030389 So if your team's being a bit slow agreeing upon something, just start working on something Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00058-00030389-00030551 yourself. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00059-00030551-00031406 Or as a team, pick something you can do by next Monday and write up something brief about Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00060-00031406-00031506 it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00061-00031506-00031951 So for example, if you're thinking, We might do the $1 million dollar Data Science Bowl. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00062-00031951-00032281 That's fine, you're not going to finish it by Monday. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00063-00032281-00032900 But maybe by Monday you can have written a blog post introducing what you can learn in Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00064-00032900-00033023 a week about medical imaging. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00065-00033023-00033293 Oh, it turns out it uses something called Daikon. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00066-00033293-00033646 Here are the Python Daikon libraries, and we tried to use them and these were the things Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00067-00033646-00034091 that got us kind of confused, and these are the ways we solved them, and here's a Python Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00068-00034091-00034693 notebook which shows you some of the main ways you can look at these, for instance. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00069-00034693-00035002 Split up your project into little tiny pieces. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00070-00035002-00035316 It's like when you enter a Kaggle competition. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00071-00035316-00036014 I always tell people submit every single day and try and put in at least half an hour a Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00072-00036014-00036276 day to make it slightly better than yesterday. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00073-00036276-00036598 So how do you put in the first day's submission? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00074-00036598-00037178 What I always do on the first day is to submit the benchmark script, just generally like Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00075-00037178-00037278 all 0's. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00076-00037278-00037601 And then the next day I try to improve it, so I put in all 0.5's. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00077-00037601-00038041 And the next day I try and improve it, be like Okay what's the average for Cats, what's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00078-00038041-00038202 the average for Dogs, something like that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00079-00038202-00038802 And if you do that every day for 90 days, you'll be amazed at how much you can achieve. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00080-00038802-00039350 Whereas if you wait 2 months and spend all that time reading papers and theorizing and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00081-00039350-00039725 thinking about the best possible approach, you'll discover that you don't get any submissions Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00082-00039725-00039825 in. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00083-00039825-00040165 Or you finally get your perfect submission in and it goes terribly and now you don't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00084-00040165-00040578 have time to make it better. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00085-00040578-00041112 I think those tips are equally useful for Kaggle competitions as well as for making Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00086-00041112-00041818 sure that at the end of this part of the course, you have something that you're proud of. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00087-00041818-00042422 Something that you think you did a good job in a small amount of time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00088-00042422-00042914 If you try and publish something every week on the same kind of topic, you'll be able Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00089-00042914-00043130 to keep going further and further on that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00090-00043130-00043822 I don't know what Slav's plans are, but maybe next week he'll follow up on some of the interesting Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00091-00043822-00043995 research angles that came up on the Reddit. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00092-00043995-00044643 Or maybe Brad will follow up on additional ideas from his post. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00093-00044643-00045663 Okay, there's a Lesson 10 wiki up already which has the notebooks; just do a git-pull Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00094-00045663-00046033 on the github repo to get the most up-to-date. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00095-00046033-00046159 I don't know if any of you saw a few months ago there was a deep learning paper that was Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00096-00046159-00046259 summarized as having trouble with training your deep learning algorithm off-again on-again. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00097-00046259-00046359 Basically the paper said that if you restart gradient descent, turning everything off and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00098-00046359-00046459 then on again. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00099-00046459-00046810 Another thing I wanted to point out is that in study group (we've been having study groups Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00100-00046810-00047276 each Friday here, and I know some of you have had study groups elsewhere around the Bay Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00101-00047276-00048030 Area), one of you asked me, I don't understand this Gram matrix stuff, I don't get it, what's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00102-00048030-00048130 going on? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00103-00048130-00048521 I understand the symbols, I understand the math, but I don't understand what's going Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00104-00048521-00048621 on. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00105-00048621-00048907 And I said, Maybe if you had a spreadsheet it would all make sense. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00106-00048907-00049393 He just kind of went, Oh, I'm doing it in Python, I think it's nice... Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00107-00049393-00049755 I said, Maybe if you had a spreadsheet, it would all make sense. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00108-00049755-00049973 He said, Maybe I'll create a spreadsheet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00109-00049973-00050166 I said, Yes, do that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00110-00050166-00050605 And 20 minutes later, I went to him and said, Well how do you feel about Gram matrices now? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00111-00050605-00050794 And he goes, I totally understand them. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00112-00050794-00051036 And I looked over, and he had created a spreadsheet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00113-00051036-00051372 This is the spreadsheet he created. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00114-00051372-00051952 It's a very simple spreadsheet where here's the pixels, just like 1, -1, and 0. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00115-00051952-00052269 It has two filters that are either 1 or -1. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00116-00052269-00052866 He has the flattened convolutions next to each other. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00117-00052866-00053286 And then he's created the little dot product matrix. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00118-00053286-00054055 And so I haven't been doing so much Excel stuff myself, but I think you learn a lot Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00119-00054055-00054227 more by trying it yourself. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00120-00054227-00054791 Particularly if you try it yourself and you can't figure out how to do it in Excel. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00121-00054791-00055516 I love Excel, so if you ask me questions about Excel we will have a great time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00122-00055516-00056003 So I'm not going to put that one on the forum for now because I think it's so easy to create Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00123-00056003-00056466 and you get so much more out of doing it yourself, for anybody who's still not quite understanding Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00124-00056466-00056948 what Gram matrices are. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00125-00056948-00058413 So last week, we talked about the idea of learning with larger datasets. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00126-00058413-00059014 Our goal was to try and replicate the DeVISE paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00127-00059014-00059668 And to remind you, the DeVISE paper is the one where we do a regular CNN, but the thing Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00128-00059668-00060392 that we're trying to predict is not a one-hot encoding of the category, but it's the word Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00129-00060392-00060737 vector for the category. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00130-00060737-00061075 So it's an interesting problem. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00131-00061075-00061622 One of the things that's interesting about it is we have to use all of ImageNet, which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00132-00061622-00061766 has its own challenges. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00133-00061766-00062415 So last week we got to the point where we had created the word vectors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00134-00062415-00062939 Remember, the word vectors we then had to map to ImageNet categories. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00135-00062939-00063372 There are 1,000 ImageNet categories, so we have to create the word vector for each one. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00136-00063372-00063729 We didn't quite get all of them to match, we got something like 2/3 of them to match, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00137-00063729-00064200 so we went through 2/3 of ImageNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00138-00064200-00064504 We've got as far as reading the filenames for ImageNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00139-00064504-00065811 Then we're going to resize our images, so we're going to resize all our images to 224x224. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00140-00065811-00066430 I think it's a good ideal to do some of this preprocessing up front. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00141-00066430-00067134 Something that TensorFlow and PyTorch both do (and Keras recently started doing) is that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00142-00067134-00067798 if you use a generator, it actually does the image preprocessing in a number of separate Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00143-00067798-00068093 threads in parallel behind the scenes. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00144-00068093-00068555 So some of this is a little less important than it was 6 months ago, when Keras didn't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00145-00068555-00068655 do that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00146-00068655-00069305 It used to be we had to spend a long time waiting for our data to get processed before Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00147-00069305-00069538 it could get into the CNN. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00148-00069538-00070620 Having said that, particularly image resizing, when you've got large jpg's, just reading Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00149-00070620-00071028 them off the harddisk and resizing them can take quite a bit of time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00150-00071028-00071598 So I always like to do all that resizing up front and end up with something in a nice Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00151-00071598-00071930 convenient bcolz array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00152-00071930-00072657 Amongst other things it means that, unless you have enough money to have a huge NVMe Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00153-00072657-00073251 or SSD drive which you can put the entirety of ImageNet on, you probably have your big Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00154-00073251-00073873 datasets on some pretty slow spinning disk or slow RAID array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00155-00073873-00074236 So one of the nice things about doing the resizing first is that it makes it a lot smaller Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00156-00074236-00074507 and you probably can then fit it on your SSD. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00157-00074507-00074679 There's lots of reasons that I think this is good. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00158-00074679-00075642 So I'm going to resize all of the ImageNet images, put them in a bcolz array on my SSD. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00159-00075642-00076400 So here's the path and dpath is the path to my fast SSD mount point. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00160-00076400-00077116 We talked briefly about there are the things that actually do the resizing, and we're going Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00161-00077116-00077257 to do a different kind of resizing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00162-00077257-00077796 In the past, we've done the same kind of resizing that Keras does, which is to add a black border. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00163-00077796-00078177 Like if you start with something that's not square and you make it square, you resize Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00164-00078177-00079065 the largest axis to be the size of your square, which means you're left with a black border. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00165-00079065-00079838 I was concerned that any model where you have that A) is going to have learn to model the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00166-00079838-00080391 black border, and B) that you're kind of throwing away information, you're not using the full Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00167-00080391-00080500 size of the image. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00168-00080500-00081262 Indeed, pretty much every other library or paper I've seen uses a different approach, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00169-00081262-00081931 which is to resize the smaller side of the image to the square. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00170-00081931-00082537 Now the larger size is too big for your square, so you crop off the top and bottom, or crop Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00171-00082537-00082637 off the left and right. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00172-00082637-00082914 This is called "center cropping" approach. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00173-00082914-00083722 Question: I understand your point about needing to learn the border. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00174-00083722-00084749 Then you said after that you're throwing away data, but it seems you're not throwing away Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00175-00084749-00084849 data. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00176-00084849-00084969 Answer: That's true. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00177-00084969-00085461 What you're doing is throwing away compute. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00178-00085461-00085925 Like with the one where you do center crop, you have a complete 224 thing full of meaningful Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00179-00085925-00086025 pixels. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00180-00086025-00086476 Whereas with a black border, you have like a 180x224 bit with meaningful pixels and a Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00181-00086476-00086744 whole bunch of black pixels Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00182-00086744-00086855 Question: Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00183-00086855-00087467 Answer: That can be a problem. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00184-00087467-00089202 It works well for ImageNet because ImageNet things are generally somewhat centered. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00185-00089202-00089335 These things are all compromises. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00186-00089335-00089769 But I've got to say, since I switched to using this approach I feel like my models are trained Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00187-00089769-00090191 a lot faster and am getting better results, certainly on super-resolution. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00188-00090191-00090870 I said that week that we're going to start looking at parallel processing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00189-00090870-00091242 If you're wondering about last week's homework, we're going to get there, but some of the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00190-00091242-00091962 techniques we're about to learn, we're going to use to do last week's homework even better. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00191-00091962-00092062 So don't worry. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00192-00092062-00093014 I've got a CPU with something like 10 cores on it and each of those cores have hyperthreading, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00193-00093014-00093339 so it means each of those cores can do kind of two things at once. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00194-00093339-00093995 I really want to be able to have a couple of processes going on each one resizing images, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00195-00093995-00094448 that's called parallel processing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00196-00094448-00094961 Just to remind you, this is as opposed to vectorization, or SIMD, which is where a single Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00197-00094961-00095250 thread operates on a bunch of things at a time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00198-00095250-00095648 We learnt that to get SIMD working, you just have to install pillow-simd. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00199-00095648-00096408 It just happens, 600% speedup, I tried it, it works. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00200-00096408-00096917 As well as a 600% speedup, we're also going to get another 10X or 20X speedup by doing Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00201-00096917-00097212 parallel processing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00202-00097212-00097928 The basic approach to parallel processing in Python3 is to set up something called either Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00203-00097928-00098249 a process pool or a thread pool. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00204-00098249-00098862 The idea here is that we've got a number of little programs running threads, or processes, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00205-00098862-00099299 and when we set up that pool we say how many of those little programs do we want to fire Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00206-00099299-00099464 up. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00207-00099464-00100480 Then what we do is we say, Okay now I want you to use all of those workers to do some Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00208-00100480-00100620 thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00209-00100620-00100939 And the easiest way to do a thing in Python3 is to use map. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00210-00100939-00101337 How many of you have used map? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00211-00101337-00101848 So for those of you who haven't, map is a very common functional programming construct Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00212-00101848-00102370 that's found its way into lots of other languages, which simply says, Loop through a collection Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00213-00102370-00102940 and call a function on every thing in that collection and return a new collection which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00214-00102940-00103163 is the result of calling that function on that thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00215-00103163-00103852 In our case, the function is resize, and the collection is ImageNet images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00216-00103852-00104479 In fact the collection is a bunch of numbers, 0,1,2,3,4 and so forth. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00217-00104479-00105224 And what the resize image is going to do is open that image off disk. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00218-00105224-00105839 It's turning the number "3" into the third image resized to 224x224, and it will return Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00219-00105839-00105990 that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00220-00105990-00106629 So the general approach here, this is what it looks like to do parallel processing in Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00221-00106629-00106841 Python. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00222-00106841-00107505 It may look a bit weird, we're going result equals exec.map, resize_img is the function Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00223-00107505-00107698 I want and range(i, min(i+step, n)) is the thing I want to map over. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00224-00107698-00108085 Then I'm saying for each thing in that list do something. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00225-00108085-00108859 Wait, does that make you think this list has to have enough memory for every single resized Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00226-00108859-00108978 image? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00227-00108978-00109254 And the answer is, No, no it doesn't. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00228-00109254-00109987 One of the things that Python3 uses a lot more is using these things they call generators, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00229-00109987-00110558 which is something that looks like a list but it's lazy, it only creates that thing Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00230-00110558-00110708 when you ask for it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00231-00110708-00111077 So as I append each image, it's going to give me that image. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00232-00111077-00111532 And if this mapping is not yet finished creating it, it will wait. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00233-00111532-00112032 So this approach looks like it's going to use heaps of memory, but it doesn't. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00234-00112032-00112732 It uses only the minimum amount of memory necessary and it does everything in parallel. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00235-00112732-00113633 So resize_img is something that is going to open up the image, it's going to turn it into Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00236-00113633-00114059 a Numpy array and then it's going to resize it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00237-00114059-00114482 So then the resize does the center cropping that we just mentioned, and then after it's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00238-00114482-00114754 resized, it's going to get appended. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00239-00114754-00115005 What does append image (app_img) do? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00240-00115005-00115203 So this is a bit weird. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00241-00115203-00115467 What's going on here? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00242-00115467-00116187 What it does is it's going to stick it into what we call a pre-allocated array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00243-00116187-00116516 So we're learning a lot of computer science here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00244-00116516-00116914 Anybody that's done computer science before will be familiar with all of this already, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00245-00116914-00117077 if you haven't you probably won't. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00246-00117077-00117861 It's important to know that the slowest thing in your computer, generally speaking, is allocating Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00247-00117861-00117967 memory. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00248-00117967-00118409 It's finding some memory, it's reading stuff from that memory, it's writing to that memory, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00249-00118409-00118759 unless of course, it's like cache or something. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00250-00118759-00119265 Generally speaking, if you create lots and lots of arrays and then throw them away again, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00251-00119265-00119544 that's likely to be really really slow. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00252-00119544-00120113 So what I wanted to do was to create a single 224x224 array which is going to contain my Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00253-00120113-00120836 resized image, and then I'm going to append that to my bcolz tensor. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00254-00120836-00121720 So the way you do that in Python is wonderfully easy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00255-00121720-00122401 You can create a variable from this thing called threading.local [tl=threading.local()]. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00256-00122401-00123070 tl is something that looks a bit like a dictionary, but it's a very special kind of dictionary. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00257-00123070-00123594 It's going to create a separate copy of it for every thread or process. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00258-00123594-00124047 Normally when you've got lots of things happening at once, it's going to be a real pain because Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00259-00124047-00124670 if two things try to use it at the same time you get bad results or even crashes. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00260-00124670-00125364 But if you allocate a variable like this, it automatically creates a separate copy in Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00261-00125364-00125464 every thread. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00262-00125464-00125795 And you don't have to worry about locks, you don't have to worry about race conditions, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00263-00125795-00125936 whatever. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00264-00125936-00126703 So once I've created this special threading.local variable, I then create a placeholder inside Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00265-00126703-00127192 it, which is just an array of 0's of size 224x224x3. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00266-00127192-00127704 And later on, I create my big bcolz array (which is where I'm going to put everything Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00267-00127704-00128369 eventually) and to append the image, I grab the bit of the image that I want and I put Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00268-00128369-00129421 it into that preallocated threaded local variable (tl) and then I append that to my bcolz array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00269-00129421-00130261 So there's lots of detail here in terms of like using parallel processing effectively. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00270-00130261-00130679 I wanted to kind of briefly mention it, not because I think somebody who hasn't studied Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00271-00130679-00131053 computer science is now going to go, Okay I totally understood all that, but to give Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00272-00131053-00131573 you some of the things to search for and learn about over the next week if you haven't done Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00273-00131573-00131799 any parallel programming before. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00274-00131799-00132166 You're going to need to understand local storage and race conditions and ... Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00275-00132166-00134232 In Python, there's something called a global interpreter lock (which is one of the many Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00276-00134232-00134798 awful things about Python, possibly its most awful thing), which is in theory two things Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00277-00134798-00135502 cannot happen at the same time, because Python wasn't really written in a thread-safe way. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00278-00135502-00136121 The good news is that lots of libraries are written in a thread-safe way. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00279-00136121-00136632 So if you're using a library where most of its work is being done in C, as is the case Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00280-00136632-00137025 with pillow-simd, actually then you don't have to worry about that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00281-00137025-00137512 I can prove it to you even because I drew a little picture. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00282-00137512-00138046 Here is the result of serial vs parallel. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00283-00138046-00139103 The serial without simd version is 6X bigger than this, 2000 images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00284-00139103-00140125 With SIMD, it's 25 seconds. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00285-00140125-00140700 With the process pool it's 8 seconds for 3 workers, for 6 workers it's 5 seconds, so Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00286-00140700-00140800 on and so forth. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00287-00140800-00141429 For the thread pool, it's even better, 3.6 seconds for 12 workers, 3.2 seconds for 16 Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00288-00141429-00141529 workers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00289-00141529-00142036 Now your mileage will vary, depending on what CPU you have. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00290-00142036-00142463 Given that quite a lot of you are using the P2 still (unless you've got your deep learning Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00291-00142463-00142911 box up and running), you'll have the same performance as other people using the P2, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00292-00142911-00143385 but you should try something like this which is to try different numbers of workers and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00293-00143385-00143842 see what's the optimal for that particular CPU. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00294-00143842-00143942 Once you've done that, you know. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00295-00143942-00144347 Once I got beyond 16, I didn't get any improvements. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00296-00144347-00144858 So I know that on that computer a thread pool of size 16 is a pretty good choice. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00297-00144858-00145399 As you can see, once you get into the right general vicinity, it doesn't vary too much. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00298-00145399-00145864 Question: ... two threads per core ... Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00299-00145864-00146236 Answer: Roughly that, yeah. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00300-00146236-00146470 So that's the general approach here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00301-00146470-00146634 Run through something in parallel. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00302-00146634-00146983 Each time append it to my bcolz array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00303-00146983-00147355 At the end of that, I've got a bcolz array that I can use again and again. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00304-00147355-00147595 So I don't rerun that code very often anymore. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00305-00147595-00148235 I've got all of ImageNet resized into each of 72x72, 224 and 288. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00306-00148235-00149688 I give them different names and I just use them. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00307-00149688-00149994 Question: Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00308-00149994-00150670 Answer: In fact I think that's what Keras does, now that I think about it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00309-00150670-00150953 I think it squishes. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00310-00150953-00151109 Here's one of these things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00311-00151109-00151280 I'm not quite sure. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00312-00151280-00151867 My guess was that I don't think it's a good idea because you're now going to have dogs Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00313-00151867-00152504 of various different squish levels and your CNN is going to have to learn that thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00314-00152504-00153261 It's got another type of symmetry to learn about, level of squishiness. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00315-00153261-00154022 Whereas if we keep everything at the same kind of aspect ratio, I think it's going to Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00316-00154022-00154599 be easier to learn so we'll get better results with less epochs of training. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00317-00154599-00154919 That's my theory and I'd be fascinated to see somebody do a really in-depth analysis Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00318-00154919-00155649 of like black borders vs center cropping vs squishing in ImageNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00319-00155649-00156287 From now on, we can just open the bcolz array and there we go. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00320-00156287-00156670 We're now ready to create our model, and I'll run through this pretty quickly because most Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00321-00156670-00156820 of this is pretty boring. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00322-00156820-00157515 The basic idea here is we need to create an array of labels, called vecs, which contains Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00323-00157515-00158624 for every image in my bcolz array needs to contain the target word vector for that image. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00324-00158624-00159558 Just to remind you, last week we randomly ordered the filenames so this bcolz array Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00325-00159558-00159979 is in random order. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00326-00159979-00160437 So we've got our labels, which is the word vectors for every image. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00327-00160437-00160822 We need to do our normal preprocessing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00328-00160822-00161472 This is a handy way to preprocess in the new version of Keras. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00329-00161472-00162201 We're using the normal Keras ResNet model (ResNet50), the one that comes in Keras.applications. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00330-00162201-00162835 It doesn't do the preprocessing for you, but if you create a lambda layer that does the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00331-00162835-00163462 preprocessing, then you can use that lambda layer as the input tensor. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00332-00163462-00164128 So this whole thing now will do the preprocessing automatically, without you having to worry Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00333-00164128-00164228 about it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00334-00164228-00164328 So that's a good little trick. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00335-00164328-00164777 I'm not sure it's quite as neat as what we did in Part 1, where we put it in the model Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00336-00164777-00165355 itself, but at least this way we don't have to maintain a whole separate version of all Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00337-00165355-00166484 of the models, so that's kind of what I'm doing nowadays. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00338-00166484-00167061 When you're working on really big datasets, you don't want to process things any more Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00339-00167061-00167366 than necessary, any more times than necessary. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00340-00167366-00167770 I know ahead of time that I'm going to want to do some fine-tuning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00341-00167770-00168522 So what I decided to do was I decided this is the particular layer where I'm going to Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00342-00168522-00169227 do my fine-tuning, so I decided to first create a model which started at input and went as Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00343-00169227-00169611 far as this layer (res5a_branch2a). Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00344-00169611-00170377 So my first step was to create that model and save the results of that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00345-00170377-00170876 The next step will be to take that intermediate step and to take it to the next stage I want Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00346-00170876-00171103 to fine-tune to and then say that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00347-00171103-00171385 So it's a little shortcut. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00348-00171385-00171867 There's a couple of really important intricacies to be aware of though. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00349-00171867-00172672 The first one is you'll notice that ResNet and Inception are not used very often in transfer Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00350-00172672-00172870 learning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00351-00172870-00173434 Again this is something which I've not seen studied, and I think this is a really important Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00352-00173434-00173874 thing to study, is which of these things work best for transfer learning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00353-00173874-00174355 But I think one of the difficulties is just ResNet and Inception are harder. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00354-00174355-00174913 And the reason they're harder is that if you look at ResNet you've got lots and lots of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00355-00174913-00175237 layers which make no sense on their own. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00356-00175237-00176047 They keep on splitting into 2 bits and merge again, splitting into 2 bits Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00357-00176047-00176727 So what I did was I looked at the Keras source code to kind of find out how is each block Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00358-00176727-00176851 named. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00359-00176851-00177737 Because what I want to do is say, Okay, we've got a ResNet block, we've just had a merge, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00360-00177737-00178485 it goes out and does a couple of convolutions, and it comes back and does an addition. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00361-00178485-00179001 And basically, I want to get, I want to grab one of these. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00362-00179001-00179716 Unfortunately, for some reason, Keras does not name these merged cells. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00363-00179716-00180371 So what I had to do was get the next cell and then go back by 1. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00364-00180371-00180874 It kind of shows you how little people have been working with ResNet and transfer learning; Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00365-00180874-00181644 literally the only bits to transfer learn from are nameless in one of the most popular, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00366-00181644-00182382 probably the most popular, thing in transfer learning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00367-00182382-00182713 There's a second complexity when working with ResNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00368-00182713-00183274 We haven't discussed this much but ResNet actually has 2 kinds of ResNet blocks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00369-00183274-00183860 One is this kind, which is an identity block. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00370-00183860-00185164 And the second kind is a ResNet convolution block, which they also call a bottleneck block. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00371-00185164-00185823 And what this is is it's pretty similar (one thing that goes up through a couple of convolutions, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00372-00185823-00186289 then it gets added together), but the other side is not an identity, the other side is Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00373-00186289-00186579 a single convolution. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00374-00186579-00187517 In ResNet, they throw in one of these every half dozen blocks or so. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00375-00187517-00187651 Why is that? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00376-00187651-00188370 The reason is that if you only have identity blocks then all it can really do is to continually Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00377-00188370-00188730 fine-tune where it's at so far. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00378-00188730-00189296 We've learned quite a few times now that these identity blocks, basically they map to the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00379-00189296-00189396 residual. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00380-00189396-00189951 They continually fine-tune the types of features that we have so far. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00381-00189951-00190440 Whereas these bottleneck blocks actually force it from time to time to kind of create a whole Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00382-00190440-00191087 different type of features, because there is no identity path through here, the shortest Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00383-00191087-00191420 path still goes through a single convolution. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00384-00191420-00191858 So when you think about transfer learning from ResNet, you kind of need to think about, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00385-00191858-00192588 Okay, Should I transfer learn from an identity block, or after, or from a bottleneck block, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00386-00192588-00192742 or after? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00387-00192742-00193235 Again I don't think anybody's studied this, or at least I haven't seen anybody write it Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00388-00193235-00193335 down. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00389-00193335-00193922 I've played around with it a bit and I'm not sure I have a totally decisive suggestion Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00390-00193922-00194162 for you. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00391-00194162-00195367 My guess is that the best point to grab in ResNet is the end of the block immediately Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00392-00195367-00195648 before the bottleneck block. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00393-00195648-00196298 And the reason for that is that at that level of receptive field (obviously because each Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00394-00196298-00197047 bottleneck block is changing the receptive field) and at that level of semantic complexity Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00395-00197047-00197328 this is the most sophisticated version of it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00396-00197328-00197728 It has been through a whole bunch of identity blocks to get there, and gradually fine-tune, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00397-00197728-00198309 fine-tune, fine-tune, bottleneck ... fine-tune, fine-tune, fine-tune, bottleneck. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00398-00198309-00198945 My belief is you want to get just before that bottleneck is the best place to transfer learn Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00399-00198945-00199100 from. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00400-00199100-00199339 So that's what this is. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00401-00199339-00200133 This is the spot just before the last bottleneck layer in ResNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00402-00200133-00200909 So it's pretty late and so as we know very well from Part 1 with transfer learning when Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00403-00200909-00201322 you're doing something that's not too different, and in this case we're switching from one-hot Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00404-00201322-00201708 encoding to word vectors, which is not too different. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00405-00201708-00202209 You probably don't want to transfer learn from too early, so that's why I picked this Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00406-00202209-00203151 fairly late stage, just before the final bottleneck. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00407-00203151-00203824 The second complexity here is that this bottleneck block has these dimensions (14,14,1024), the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00408-00203824-00204235 output is 14 by 14 by 1024. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00409-00204235-00204414 So we have about a million images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00410-00204414-00205329 So a million by 14 by 14 by 1024 is more than I want to deal with. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00411-00205329-00206048 So I did something very simple, which was I popped in one more layer after this, which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00412-00206048-00206491 is an average pooling layer, 7 by 7. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00413-00206491-00207155 So that's going to take my 14 by 14 output and turn it into a 2 by 2 output. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00414-00207155-00207790 So let's say one of those activations was looking for birds' eyeballs, then it's saying Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00415-00207790-00208275 in each of the 14 by 14 spots how likely is it that this is a bird's eyeball. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00416-00208275-00209076 After this, it's now saying in each of these 4 spots, on average how much do those cells Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00417-00209076-00209346 look like birds eyeballs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00418-00209346-00209788 So this is losing information. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00419-00209788-00210446 If I had a bigger SSD and more time, I wouldn't have done this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00420-00210446-00210866 But it's a good trick, right, when you're working with these fully convolutional architectures Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00421-00210866-00211417 you can pop an average pooling layer anywhere and decrease the resolution to something that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00422-00211417-00211687 you feel you could deal with. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00423-00211687-00212386 So in this case, this was my decision - to go to 2 by 2 by 1024. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00424-00212386-00212986 Answer: We have quite a few times. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00425-00212986-00213921 Which is basically the merge was the thing that does the "+" here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00426-00213921-00215842 That's the trick to making it into a ResNet block, is having the addition of the identity Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00427-00215842-00216867 with the result of going through a couple convolutions. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00428-00216867-00218092 Answer: There's not exactly a best-practice for that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00429-00218092-00219098 In a sense, every single successful architecture gives you some insights about that because Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00430-00219098-00219902 every one of them eventually has to end up with 1000 categories if it's ImageNet or 3 Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00431-00219902-00220100 channels of 0,255 continuous if it's generative. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00432-00220100-00220298 So the best thing you can really do is two things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00433-00220298-00220454 One is to kind of look at the successful architectures. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00434-00220454-00221201 Another thing is, although this week is the last week we're going to be looking at images, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00435-00221201-00221998 I am going to briefly open next week with a quick run-through of some of the things Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00436-00221998-00222227 you can look at to learn more. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00437-00222227-00222436 One of them is going to be a paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00438-00222436-00223098 I've got two different papers which have best practices really nice descriptions like we've Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00439-00223098-00224416 did 100 different things and here are the 100 different results. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00440-00224416-00225392 All this stuff is pretty artisanal. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00441-00225392-00225748 Answer: Yes, and that's compressed. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00442-00225748-00226396 Uncompressed it's like a couple of hundred Gig. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00443-00226396-00227782 Answer: I'm not going to load it into memory, you'll see. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00444-00227782-00228348 That's exactly the right segue I way looking for, so thank you. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00445-00228348-00228914 So what we're going to do now is we're going to run this model that we've just built, just Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00446-00228914-00229280 call basically .predict on it and save the predictions. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00447-00229280-00229732 The problem is that the size of those predictions is going to be bigger than the amount of RAM Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00448-00229732-00230261 I have, so I need to do it a batch at a time and save it a batch at a time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00449-00230261-00230934 I've got a million things, each one with this many activations. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00450-00230934-00231054 This is going to happen quite often. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00451-00231054-00231488 You'll either be working on a smaller computer, or you're working with a bigger dataset, or Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00452-00231488-00232036 you're working with a dataset where you're using a larger number of activations. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00453-00232036-00232288 This is actually very easy to handle. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00454-00232288-00232971 You just create your bcolz array where you're going to store it and then all I do is I go Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00455-00232971-00233802 through from 0 to the length of my array (my source array) a batch at a time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00456-00233802-00234591 So this is creating numbers 0, 0+128, 128+128, and so on and so forth. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00457-00234591-00235491 And then I take the slice of my source array from 0 to 128, 128 to 256 an so forth. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00458-00235491-00236125 So this is going to create a slice of my bcolz array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00459-00236125-00236942 Well actually this is going to create a generator which is going to have all of those slices. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00460-00236942-00237260 And being a generator it's going to be lazy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00461-00237260-00237898 So I can then enumerate through each of these slices and I can append to my bcolz array Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00462-00237898-00238526 the result of predicting just on that one batch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00463-00238526-00239531 So you've seen predict, and evaluate and fit and so forth and the generator versions. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00464-00239531-00240137 Also in Keras, there's generally an on_batch version, so there's a train_on_batch, and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00465-00240137-00240292 a predict_on_batch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00466-00240292-00240840 What these do is they basically have no smarts to them at all, it's just like the most basic Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00467-00240840-00240940 thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00468-00240940-00241230 It's basically just going to take whatever you give it and call predict on this thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00469-00241230-00241792 It won't shuffle it, or batch it, it's just going to throw it directly into the computation. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00470-00241792-00242444 So this is going to take our model and it's going to call predict on just this batch of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00471-00242444-00242544 data. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00472-00242544-00243019 And then from time-to-time, I'll print out how far I've got, just so that I'll know how Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00473-00243019-00243119 I'm going. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00474-00243119-00243640 Also, from time-to-time I call .flush, that's the thing in bcolz that actually writes it Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00475-00243640-00244378 to disk, that's to make sure it's continuously written to disk. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00476-00244378-00244813 One of the nice things I can do here is I can do some data augmentation as well. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00477-00244813-00245381 So I've added a direction parameter and what I'm going to do is I'm going to have a second Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00478-00245381-00245910 copy of all of my images which is flipped horizontally. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00479-00245910-00248535 I think I screwed this up ... To flip things horizontally, if we pass in a -1 here then Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00480-00248535-00249011 it's going to flip it horizontally. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00481-00249011-00249629 That explains why some of my results haven't been quite as good as I hoped. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00482-00249629-00250231 So when you run this, we're going to end up with a big bcolz array that's going to contain Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00483-00250231-00251128 2 copies of every resized ImageNet image, the activations at the layer one layer before Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00484-00251128-00251315 this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00485-00251315-00251885 So I call it once with direction forwards and once with direction backwards. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00486-00251885-00252828 A the end of that, I've now got nearly 2 million images for activations of 2 by 2 by 1024. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00487-00252828-00253879 So that's pretty close to the end of ResNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00488-00253879-00254419 I've then just copied and pasted from the Keras code the last few steps of ResNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00489-00254419-00254719 So this is the last few blocks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00490-00254719-00255306 I added in one extra identity block just because I had a feeling it might help things along Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00491-00255306-00255406 a little bit. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00492-00255406-00255571 Again, people have not really studied this yet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00493-00255571-00256207 I haven't had a chance to properly experiment, but it seemed to work quite well. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00494-00256207-00256559 This is basically copied and pasted from Keras' code. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00495-00256559-00257221 I then need to copy the weights in Keras for those last few layers of ResNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00496-00257221-00257814 So now I'm going to repeat the same process again, which is to call predict on these last Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00497-00257814-00258348 few layers, and the input will be the output from the previous one. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00498-00258348-00258898 We went like 2/3 of the way into ResNet and got those activations, then put those activations Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00499-00258898-00259385 in to the last few stages of ResNet to get those activations. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00500-00259385-00260371 The outputs from this are actually just a vector of length 2048 which does fit in my Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00501-00260371-00260976 RAM, so I didn't bother with calling predict_on_batch, I just call .predict. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00502-00260976-00261384 If you do this at home and you don't have enough memory, you can just use predict_on_batch Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00503-00261384-00261489 trick again. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00504-00261489-00262757 Anytime you run out of memory when calling predict, you can always just use this pattern. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00505-00262757-00263656 So at the end of all that, I've got the activations from the penultimate layer of ResNet, and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00506-00263656-00264333 so I can do our usual transfer learning trick of creating a linear model. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00507-00264333-00265104 And my linear model is now going to try to use the number of dimensions in my word vectors Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00508-00265104-00265258 as its output. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00509-00265258-00265878 And you'll see it doesn't have any activation function, that's because I'm not doing one-hot-encoding. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00510-00265878-00266599 My word vectors can be any size numbers, so I just leave it as linear. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00511-00266599-00266709 And then I compile it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00512-00266709-00266863 And then I fit it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00513-00266863-00267418 And so this linear model is now my very first ... you know, this is almost the same as what Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00514-00267418-00267825 we did in Lesson 1, in Dogs vs Cats. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00515-00267825-00268807 We're fine-tuning a model to a slightly different target to what it was originally trained with. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00516-00268807-00269360 It's just that we're doing it with a lot more data, so we have to do it more thoughtfully. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00517-00269360-00269771 There's one other difference here which is I'm using a custom loss function. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00518-00269771-00270274 And the loss function I'm using is cosine distance (cos_distance). Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00519-00270274-00270679 You can look that up at home if you're not familiar with it, but basically cos_distance Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00520-00270679-00271211 says for these two points in space, what's the angle between them, rather than how far Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00521-00271211-00271368 away are they. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00522-00271368-00271773 The reason we're doing that is we're about to start using K-nearest neighbors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00523-00271773-00272258 In K-nearest neighbors we're going to basically say, Here's the word vector we predicted, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00524-00272258-00272681 which is the word vector which is closest to it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00525-00272681-00273222 It turns out that in really really high dimensional space, the concept of how far away something Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00526-00273222-00273489 is is nearly meaningless. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00527-00273489-00273926 The reason why is that in really really high dimensional space, everything sits on the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00528-00273926-00274285 edge of that space. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00529-00274285-00274810 Basically because you can imagine like as you add each additional dimension, the probability Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00530-00274810-00275016 that something's on the edge in that dimension. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00531-00275016-00275614 Let's say that the probability it sits right on the edge is 1/10, then if you go 1 dimension, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00532-00275614-00275930 you've got a probability of 1/10 that it's on the edge in 1 dimension. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00533-00275930-00276598 In 3 dimensions, it's basically multiplicatively decreasing the probability that that happens. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00534-00276598-00277013 So in a few hundred dimensional space, everything is on the edge. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00535-00277013-00277518 And when everything's on the edge everything is kind of an equal distance away from each Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00536-00277518-00277698 other, more or less. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00537-00277698-00277888 So distances aren't very helpful. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00538-00277888-00278333 But the angle between things will vary. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00539-00278333-00278874 So when you're doing anything with trying to find nearest neighbors, it's a really good Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00540-00278874-00279602 idea to train things using cosine distance (cos_distance), and this is the formula for Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00541-00279602-00279724 cos_distance. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00542-00279724-00280095 Again, this is one of those things where I'm skipping over something where you could probably Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00543-00280095-00280346 spend a week in undergrad studying. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00544-00280346-00280743 There's heaps of information about cosine distance on the web. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00545-00280743-00281039 So for those of you who are very familiar with it, I won't waste your time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00546-00281039-00281611 For those of you not, it's a very very good idea to become familiar with this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00547-00281611-00282204 Feel free to ask on the forums if you can't find any material that makes sense. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00548-00282204-00282464 So we've fitted our linear model. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00549-00282464-00282679 As per usual, we've saved our weights. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00550-00282679-00282899 And we can see how we're going. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00551-00282899-00283539 So what we've got now is something where we can feed in an image and it will spit out Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00552-00283539-00283775 a word vector. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00553-00283775-00284167 But it's something that looks like a word vector, it has the same dimensionality as Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00554-00284167-00284997 a word vector but it's very unlikely that it's going to be the exact same vector as Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00555-00284997-00285252 one of our 1000 target word vectors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00556-00285252-00285946 If the word vector for a Pug is this list of 200 floats, even if we have a perfectly Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00557-00285946-00286291 Pug-y Pug, we're not going to get that exact list of 2000 floats. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00558-00286291-00286594 We'll have something that is similar. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00559-00286594-00287025 And when we say "similar" we probably mean that the cosine distance between the perfect Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00560-00287025-00287467 iconic Pug and our Pug is pretty small. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00561-00287467-00288804 So that's why after we get our predictions, we then have to use nearest neighbors as a Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00562-00288804-00289430 second step, to basically say for each of those predictions, what are the 3 word vectors Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00563-00289430-00289927 that are the closest to that prediction. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00564-00289927-00290509 We can now take those nearest neighbors and find out for a bunch of our images, what are Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00565-00290509-00290721 the 3 things it might be. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00566-00290721-00291415 For example, for this image here its best guess was trombone. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00567-00291415-00291649 Next was flute and third was cello. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00568-00291649-00292234 So this gives us some hope that this approach seems to be working okay. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00569-00292234-00292607 It's not great yet, but it's recognized these things as musical instruments. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00570-00292607-00292931 And its third guess was in fact the correct musical instrument. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00571-00292931-00293464 So we know what to do next, what we do next is to fine-tune more layers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00572-00293464-00294052 And because we have already saved the intermediate results from an earlier layer, that fine-tuning Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00573-00294052-00294495 is going to be much faster to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00574-00294495-00294804 Two more things I'll briefly mention. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00575-00294804-00295005 There's a couple of different ways to do nearest neighbors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00576-00295005-00295650 One is called the brute-force approach, which is literally, Okay what is the nearest word Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00577-00295650-00296165 vector for this word vector, go through every one and see how far away it is. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00578-00296165-00296630 There's another approach, which is approximate nearest neighbors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00579-00296630-00297065 And when you've got lots and lots of things you're trying to look for nearest neighbors, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00580-00297065-00297650 the brute-force approach is going to be n-squared time, it's going to be super-slow. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00581-00297650-00298170 Whereas approximate nearest neighbors are generally approximately log-n time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00582-00298170-00298736 So orders of magnitude faster, if you've got a large dataset. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00583-00298736-00299315 The particular approach I'm using here is called Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH). Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00584-00299315-00299618 It's a fascinating and wonderful algorithm. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00585-00299618-00300088 Anybody who's interested in algorithms, I strongly recommend you go read about it, let Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00586-00300088-00300434 me know if you need a hand with it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00587-00300434-00301091 My favorite kind of algorithms are these approximate algorithms. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00588-00301091-00301463 In data science, you almost never need to know something exactly. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00589-00301463-00302006 Yet nearly every algorithm that people learn at university (and certainly high school) Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00590-00302006-00302106 are exact. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00591-00302106-00302656 We learn exact nearest neighbor algorithms, exact indexing algorithms, exact median algorithms. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00592-00302656-00303301 Pretty much for every algorithm out there, there's an approximate version that runs an Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00593-00303301-00303621 order of n or log-n/n faster. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00594-00303621-00304076 And one of the cool things is that once you start realizing that you suddenly discover Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00595-00304076-00304456 that all of the libraries you've been using for ages were written by people who didn't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00596-00304456-00304630 know this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00597-00304630-00305020 And then you realize that for every sub-algorithm they've written they could have used an approximate Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00598-00305020-00305510 version, the next thing you know you've got something that runs 1000 times faster. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00599-00305510-00306064 The other cool thing about approximate algorithms is that they're generally written to provably Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00600-00306064-00306334 be accurate to within "so close". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00601-00306334-00306723 And it can tell you with your parameters how close is "so close". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00602-00306723-00307273 Which means that if you want to make it more accurate, you run it more times, with like Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00603-00307273-00307432 different random seeds. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00604-00307432-00308049 And so this thing called LSHForest is a Locality Sensitive Hashing Forest, which means it creates Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00605-00308049-00308330 a bunch of these locality sensitive hashes. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00606-00308330-00308804 And the amazingly great thing about approximate algorithms is that each time you create another Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00607-00308804-00309520 version of it, you're exponentially increasing or multiplicatively increasing the accuracy, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00608-00309520-00309838 but only linearly increasing the time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00609-00309838-00310733 So if the error on one call of LSH was (1-b), then the error on two calls is (1-b) squared, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00610-00310733-00311110 and the error on three calls is (1-b) cubed. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00611-00311110-00311830 And the time you're taking is now 2*n or 3*n. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00612-00311830-00312377 So when you've got something that you can make as accurate as you like with only linear Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00613-00312377-00312731 increase in time, it's incredibly powerful. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00614-00312731-00312985 So this is a great approximation algorithm. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00615-00312985-00313690 I wish we had more time, I'd love to tell you all about it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00616-00313690-00314181 So I generally use LSHForest when I'm doing nearest neighbors, because it's arbitrarily Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00617-00314181-00314626 close and much faster when you've got word vectors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00618-00314626-00315301 The reason that, the time that becomes important is when I move beyond ImageNet, which I'm Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00619-00315301-00315448 going to do now. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00620-00315448-00316106 So let's say I've got a picture and I don't just want to say which one of the 1000 ImageNet Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00621-00316106-00316808 categories is it, but which one of the 100,000 WordNet nouns is it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00622-00316808-00316954 That's a much harder thing to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00623-00316954-00317413 And that's something that no previous model could do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00624-00317413-00317824 When you trained an ImageNet model, the only thing it could do was recognize pictures of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00625-00317824-00318180 things that were in ImageNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00626-00318180-00318710 But now, we've got a word vector model and so we can put in an image that spits out a Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00627-00318710-00319200 word vector and that word vector could be closer to things that are not in ImageNet Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00628-00319200-00319346 at all. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00629-00319346-00319885 Or it could be some higher level of the hierarchy, so you could look for a dog rather than a Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00630-00319885-00319985 Pug. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00631-00319985-00320425 Or a plane, rather than a 747. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00632-00320425-00320858 So here we bring in the entire set of word vectors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00633-00320858-00321303 I'll have to remember to share these with you because these are actually quite hard Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00634-00321303-00321535 to create. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00635-00321535-00321982 This is where I definitely want LSHForest because this would be pretty slow. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00636-00321982-00322269 And we can now do the same thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00637-00322269-00322511 Not surprisingly, it's got worse. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00638-00322511-00322989 The thing that was actually cello, cello's not even in the top 3. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00639-00322989-00323089 So this is a harder problem. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00640-00323089-00323601 So let's try fine-tuning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00641-00323601-00324175 Fine-tuning is the final trick I'm going to show you. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00642-00324175-00325756 Answer: You might remember last week we looked at creating our word vectors, and what we Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00643-00325756-00326935 did was actually I created a list. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00644-00326935-00327489 I went to WordNet and I downloaded the whole of WordNet, and then I figured out which things Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00645-00327489-00327869 are nouns and I used a regex to parse out those and then I saved that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00646-00327869-00328808 So, yes, we actually have the entirety of WordNet nouns. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00647-00328808-00329463 Answer: Because it's not a good enough model yet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00648-00329463-00330209 Now that there's 80,000 nouns, there's a lot more ways to be wrong. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00649-00330209-00330561 So when it only has to say, Which of these 1000 things is it? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00650-00330561-00330661 That's pretty easy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00651-00330661-00330832 Which of these 80,000 things is it? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00652-00330832-00331613 That's pretty hard. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00653-00331613-00332379 So to fine-tune it, it looks very similar to our usual way of fine-tuning things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00654-00332379-00333332 Which is that we take our two models and stick them back to back, and we're now going to Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00655-00333332-00333715 train the whole thing rather than just a linear model. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00656-00333715-00334501 Now the problem is that the input to this model is too big to fit in RAM. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00657-00334501-00335313 So how are we going to call fit or fit_generator when we have an array that's too big to fit Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00658-00335313-00335413 into RAM? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00659-00335413-00335874 Well, one obvious thing to do would be to pass in the bcolz array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00660-00335874-00336456 Because to most things in Python a bcolz array looks just like a regular array, doesn't really Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00661-00336456-00336633 look any different. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00662-00336633-00338007 But here's the problem -- the way a bcolz array is actually stored is it's actually Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00663-00338007-00338709 stored in a directory (as I'm sure you've noticed), and in that directory it's got something Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00664-00338709-00339110 called chunk length, "chunklen" actually. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00665-00339110-00339707 I set it to 32 when I created these bcolz arrays. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00666-00339707-00340478 What it does is it takes every 32 images and it puts them in to a separate file. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00667-00340478-00341808 So each one of these has 32 images in it, or 32 of the leading axis of the array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00668-00341808-00342868 Now, if you then try to take this whole array and pass it .fit in Keras with shuffle, it's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00669-00342868-00343246 going to try and grab one thing from here, and one thing from here, one thing from here, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00670-00343246-00343366 and one thing from here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00671-00343366-00344061 And here's the bad news, for bcolz to get one thing out of a chunk it has to read and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00672-00344061-00344223 decompress the whole thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00673-00344223-00344688 It has to read and decompress 32 images in order to give you the one image you asked Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00674-00344688-00344788 for. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00675-00344788-00344911 That would be a disaster. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00676-00344911-00345189 That would be ridiculously horribly slow. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00677-00345189-00346001 We didn't have to worry about that when we called predict_on_batch, because we were not Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00678-00346001-00347349 shuffling, but we were going in order, it was never grabbing a single image out of the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00679-00347349-00347449 chunk. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00680-00347449-00347827 But now that we want to shuffle, it would. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00681-00347827-00348750 So what we've done is, somebody actually on the Kaggle forum, provided something called Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00682-00348750-00349033 a bcolz array iterator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00683-00349033-00350009 And the bcolz array iterator, which was kindly discovered on the forums actually by somebody Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00684-00350009-00350718 named MPJansen, originally written by this fellow (Thiago Ramon Gonsalves Montoya). Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00685-00350718-00351914 What it does is provides a Keras-compatible generator which grabs an entire chunk at a Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00686-00351914-00352022 time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00687-00352022-00352396 So it's a little bit less random. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00688-00352396-00353002 Given that this has 2,000,000 images and the chunk length is 32, then it's going to basically Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00689-00353002-00353560 create a batch of chunks, rather than a batch of images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00690-00353560-00353973 And so that means we have none of the performance problems. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00691-00353973-00354541 And particularly because, remember originally we randomly shuffled our files, so this thing Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00692-00354541-00354721 is randomly shuffled anyway. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00693-00354721-00355018 So this is a good trick. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00694-00355018-00355529 So you'll find the bcolz array iterator on github. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00695-00355529-00355794 Feel free to take a look at the code, it's pretty straightforward. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00696-00355794-00356776 There was a few issues with the original version so MPJansen and I tried to fix it up and I've Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00697-00356776-00357084 written some tests for it and he's written some documentation for it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00698-00357084-00358156 But if you just want to use it, it's as simple as writing this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00699-00358156-00358781 iterator-blah equals BcolzArrayIterator(data, labels, shuffle=True, batch_size=whatever), Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00700-00358781-00359400 and you can just call fit_generator as per usual, passing in that iterator, and that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00701-00359400-00359649 iterator's number of items. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00702-00359649-00360444 So to all of you guys who've been asking how do I deal with data that's bigger than memory, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00703-00360444-00361046 this is how you do it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00704-00361046-00361402 Hopefully that will make life easier for a lot of people. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00705-00361402-00362193 So we fine-tune it for a while, we do some annealing for a while, and this basically Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00706-00362193-00362368 runs overnight, for me. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00707-00362368-00362750 Takes about 6 hours to run. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00708-00362750-00363318 So I come back the next morning and I just copy and paste my K nearest neighbors, and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00709-00363318-00363706 I call predict, get my predictive word vectors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00710-00363706-00364347 For each word vector I then pass it in to nearest neighbors, this is my 1000 categories. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00711-00364347-00364993 Lo and behold, we now have cello in the top spot, as we hoped. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00712-00364993-00365556 How did it go in the harder problem of looking at the 100,000 nouns or so in English? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00713-00365556-00365673 Pretty good. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00714-00365673-00365923 It got this one right. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00715-00365923-00366681 And just pick another one at random, it said throne and that sort of looks like a throne. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00716-00366681-00366838 So it's looking pretty good. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00717-00366838-00367114 So here's something interesting. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00718-00367114-00367770 Now that we have brought images and words into the same space, let's play with it some Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00719-00367770-00367921 more. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00720-00367921-00369038 So why don't we use nearest neighbors with those predictions. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00721-00369038-00370780 Answer: To the word2vec vector, which Google created, but the subset of those which are Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00722-00370780-00371627 nouns according to WordNet, mapped to their synset IDs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00723-00371627-00372501 Answer: The word vectors are just the word2vec word vectors that we can download off the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00724-00372501-00372601 Internet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00725-00372601-00372789 They were pre-trained by Google. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00726-00372789-00373139 Answer: They're embeddings. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00727-00373139-00373953 They are not really weights, they're embeddings. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00728-00373953-00374303 Answer: Yes, exactly. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00729-00374303-00375223 So we're saying here is this image, spits out a vector from the thing we just trained. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00730-00375223-00375850 We have 100,000 word2vec word vectors for all the nouns in English. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00731-00375850-00376382 Which one of those is the closest to the thing that came out of our model. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00732-00376382-00378354 And the answer was "throne". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00733-00378354-00378489 Let's do something interesting. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00734-00378489-00379306 Let's create a nearest neighbors, not for all the word2vec vectors, but for all of our Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00735-00379306-00379595 image predicted vectors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00736-00379595-00379722 And now, we can do the opposite. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00737-00379722-00380009 Let's take a word we pick at random. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00738-00380009-00380751 Let's look it up in our word2vec dictionary and let's find the nearest neighbors to that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00739-00380751-00380939 in our images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00740-00380939-00381425 There it is. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00741-00381425-00381633 So this is pretty interesting. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00742-00381633-00381944 There are the top 3. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00743-00381944-00382597 You can now find the images that are the most like whatever word you come up with. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00744-00382597-00383003 So that's crazy, but we can do crazier. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00745-00383003-00383152 Here is a random thing I picked. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00746-00383152-00383582 Notice I picked it from the validation set in ImageNet, so we've never seen this image Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00747-00383582-00383682 before. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00748-00383682-00384151 Honestly when I opened it up my heart sank because I don't know what it is. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00749-00384151-00384474 So this is a problem. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00750-00384474-00384707 What is that? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00751-00384707-00384864 Manta Ray. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00752-00384864-00385540 So I didn't pick it, but what we can do is we can call .predict on that image and then Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00753-00385540-00385936 we can do a nearest neighbors on all of our other images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00754-00385936-00386394 There's the first, there's the second. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00755-00386394-00386807 And the third one is even somebody putting their hand on it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00756-00386807-00387580 Which is slightly crazy, but that is what the original one looked like. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00757-00387580-00388375 In fact, I ran it again on a different image. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00758-00388375-00389174 Here, I took this one. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00759-00389174-00389465 I actually looked around for something pretty weird, and this is pretty weird, right. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00760-00389465-00389708 Is this a net or is this a fish? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00761-00389708-00390310 So when we then ask for nearest neighbors, we get fish in nets. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00762-00390310-00391363 So it's like sometimes deep learning is so magic, you go, How can that possibly work? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00763-00391363-00392736 Answer: Yeah, yeah. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00764-00392736-00392986 Only a little bit. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00765-00392986-00393279 Maybe in a future course we might look at that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00766-00393279-00393670 Maybe even in your numerical linear algebra course we might be looking at that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00767-00393670-00394074 I don't think we'll cover it in this course. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00768-00394074-00394526 But do look at Dask, it's super-cool. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00769-00394526-00395757 Answer: No, not at all. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00770-00395757-00396108 These are actually labeled as this particular kind of fish. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00771-00396108-00396616 That's the other thing, it's not only found fish in nets, it's found more or less the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00772-00396616-00397023 same breed of fish in the nets. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00773-00397023-00398234 But when we call .predict on those it created a word vector which was probably halfway between Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00774-00398234-00398575 that kind of fish and a net. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00775-00398575-00398946 Because it doesn't know what to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00776-00398946-00399248 Sometimes when it sees things like that it would have been marked in ImageNet as a net Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00777-00399248-00399427 and sometimes as a fish. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00778-00399427-00399929 And so the best way to minimize the loss function would be to kind of hedge. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00779-00399929-00400338 So it hedged and as a result the images that were closest were the ones which actually Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00780-00400338-00400665 were halfway between the two. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00781-00400665-00400918 So it's kind of a convenient accident. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00782-00400918-00403474 Answer: You absolutely can and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00783-00403474-00403574 I have. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00784-00403574-00404210 But for nearest neighbors I haven't found anything nearly as good as cosine, and that's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00785-00404210-00404555 true in all of the things I looked up as well. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00786-00404555-00405088 By the way, I should mention that when you use locality sensitive hashing in Python by Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00787-00405088-00405575 default it uses something that's equivalent to cosine metrics, that's why nearest neighbors Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00788-00405575-00405693 works. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00789-00405693-00406281 Question: ... more than one word? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00790-00406281-00406518 Answer: Yes. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00791-00406518-00406636 Exactly. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00792-00406636-00407093 Starting next week we're going to be learning about sequence-to-sequence models and memory Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00793-00407093-00407215 and attention methods. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00794-00407215-00407824 They're going to show us how we can take an input such as a sentence in English and spit Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00795-00407824-00408100 out an output such as a sentence in French. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00796-00408100-00408543 This particular case study we're going to be spending 2 or 3 weeks on. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00797-00408543-00408877 When you combine that with this, you get image captioning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00798-00408877-00409458 I'm not sure if we're going to have time to do it ourselves, but it will literally be Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00799-00409458-00410068 trivial for you guys to take the two things and combine them and do image captioning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00800-00410068-00411134 It's just those two things mixed together. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00801-00411134-00411700 Before we take a break I want to show you the homework. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00802-00411700-00412312 The homework, hopefully you guys noticed I gave you some tips because it's a really challenging Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00803-00412312-00412412 one. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00804-00412412-00412908 Even though in a sense it's kind of straight-forward, which is take everything that we've already Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00805-00412908-00413418 learnt about super-resolution and slightly change the loss function so that it does perceptual Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00806-00413418-00413885 losses for style transfer instead, the details are tricky. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00807-00413885-00414017 I'm going to quickly show you two things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00808-00414017-00414346 First of all, I'm going to show you how I did the homework, because I actually hadn't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00809-00414346-00414592 done it last week. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00810-00414592-00414982 Luckily I have enough RAM that I could read the two things into memory. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00811-00414982-00415756 Once again, you can just do that to a bcolz array to turn it into a Numpy array in memory. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00812-00415756-00416168 So one thing I did was I created my upsampling block to get rid of the checkerboard patterns. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00813-00416168-00416638 That was literally as simple as saying, UpSampling2D and then a 1x1 conv. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00814-00416638-00417007 So that got rid of my checkerboard patterns. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00815-00417007-00418043 The next thing I did was I changed my loss function and I decided before I tried to do Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00816-00418043-00418729 style transfer with the perceptual losses, let's try and do super-resolution with multiple Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00817-00418729-00419259 content loss layers, because that's one thing that I'm going to have to do for style transfer Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00818-00419259-00419506 is to be able to use multiple layers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00819-00419506-00419950 I always like to start with something that works and make small little changes so it Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00820-00419950-00420168 keeps working at every point. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00821-00420168-00420897 So in this case I thought, let's first of all slightly change the loss function for Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00822-00420897-00421222 super-resolution so that it uses multiple layers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00823-00421222-00421416 So here's how I did that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00824-00421416-00422583 I changed my vgg content so that it created a list of outputs (conv1 the first, second Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00825-00422583-00423535 and third blocks), and then I changed my loss function so it went through and added the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00826-00423535-00423851 mean square difference for each of those three layers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00827-00423851-00424217 I also decided to add a weight, just for fun. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00828-00424217-00424871 I decided to go [0.1,0.8,0.1] because this is the layer that they used in the paper, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00829-00424871-00425414 but let's have a little bit of more precise super-resolution and a little bit of more Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00830-00425414-00425893 semantic super-resolution and see how it goes. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00831-00425893-00426439 I created this function for a more general sort of mean-square-error (mean_sqr_b). Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00832-00426439-00426556 And that was basically it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00833-00426556-00427070 So other than that line and that line everything else was the same. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00834-00427070-00427526 So that gave me super-resolution working on multiple layers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00835-00427526-00428205 One of the things I found fascinating is that this was the original low-res. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00836-00428205-00428760 It's done a good job of upscaling it, but it's also fixed up the weird white balance, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00837-00428760-00429039 which really surprised me. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00838-00429039-00429505 It's taken this obviously over-yellow shot and this is what ceramic should look like, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00839-00429505-00429618 it should be white. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00840-00429618-00430108 And somehow it's kind of adjusted everything so that the serviette in the background has Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00841-00430108-00430560 gone from a yellow-brown here to a nice white, as well as these cups here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00842-00430560-00430993 It's figured out that these slightly pixelated things are actually meant to be upside-down Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00843-00430993-00431093 handles. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00844-00431093-00431489 This is on only 20,000 images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00845-00431489-00432352 I'm very surprised that it's fixing the color because we never asked it to. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00846-00432352-00432875 But I guess it knows what a cup's meant to look like and so this is what it decided to Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00847-00432875-00433226 do, to make a cup look the way it's meant to look. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00848-00433226-00433866 So that was pretty cool. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00849-00433866-00434235 So then to go from there to style transfer was pretty straight-forward. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00850-00434235-00434558 I had to read in my style, as before. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00851-00434558-00435258 This is the code to do the special kind of ResNet block where we use valid convolutions, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00852-00435258-00435835 which means we lose 2 pixels each time and so therefore we have to do a center crop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00853-00435835-00436254 Don['t forget, lambda layers are great for this kind of thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00854-00436254-00436727 Whatever code you can write, tuck it into a lambda layer and suddenly it's a Keras layer. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00855-00436727-00437279 So I do my center crop (res_crop_block), this is now a ResNet block which does valid convs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00856-00437279-00437721 This is basically all exactly the same. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00857-00437721-00438191 We have to do a few downsamplings, then our computations and our upsamplings, just like Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00858-00438191-00438546 the supplemental paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00859-00438546-00439079 So the loss function looks a lot like the loss function did before but we've got two Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00860-00439079-00439179 extra things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00861-00439179-00439389 One is the Gram matrix. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00862-00439389-00439927 So here is a version of the Gram matrix which works a batch at a time (gram_matrix_b). Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00863-00439927-00440271 If any of you tried to do this a single image at a time you would have gone crazy with how Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00864-00440271-00440371 slow it took. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00865-00440371-00440521 I saw a few of you trying to do that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00866-00440521-00440906 So here's the batchwise version of Gram matrix. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00867-00440906-00441514 And the second thing I needed to do was somehow feed in my style target. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00868-00441514-00442425 Another thing I saw some of you do was feed in the style target every time, feed in that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00869-00442425-00442712 array into your loss function. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00870-00442712-00443414 Now you can obviously calculate your style target by just calling .predict with the thing Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00871-00443414-00443825 which gives you all of your different style target layers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00872-00443825-00444143 But the problem is this thing here returns a Numpy array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00873-00444143-00444382 It's a pretty big Numpy array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00874-00444382-00444837 Which means that then when you want to use it as a style target in training, it has to Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00875-00444837-00445139 copy that back to the GPU. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00876-00445139-00445389 And copying to the GPU is very, very, very slow. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00877-00445389-00445659 And this is a really big thing to copy to the GPU. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00878-00445659-00446179 So if any of you tried this and I saw some of you try it, it took forever. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00879-00446179-00446618 So here's the trick - call .variable on it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00880-00446618-00447218 Turning something into a variable sticks it on the GPU for you. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00881-00447218-00447857 So once you've done that you can now treat this as a list of symbolic entities which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00882-00447857-00448196 are the GPU versions of this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00883-00448196-00448664 So I can now use this inside my GPU code. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00884-00448664-00449782 So here my style targets I can use inside my loss function and it doesn't have to do Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00885-00449782-00450089 any copying backwards and forwards. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00886-00450089-00450558 So there's a subtlety, but if you don't get that subtlety right you're going to be waiting Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00887-00450558-00451001 for a week or so for your code to finish. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00888-00451001-00451434 So those were the little subtleties which were necessary to get this to work. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00889-00451434-00452239 Once you get it to work, it does exactly the same thing basically as before. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00890-00452239-00452704 Where this gets combined with DeVISE is I wanted to try something interesting, which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00891-00452704-00453693 is in the original perceptual losses paper they trained it on the MSCOCO dataset, which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00892-00453693-00453793 has 80,000 images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00893-00453793-00454556 I wanted to know what would happen if we trained it on all of ImageNet, so I did. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00894-00454556-00455024 So I decided to train a super-resolution network on all of ImageNet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00895-00455024-00455784 The code is all identical so I'm not going to explain it other than you'll notice that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00896-00455784-00456429 we don't have the [:] here anymore because we don't want to try to read in the entirety Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00897-00456429-00456870 of ImageNet into RAM, but these are still bcolz arrays. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00898-00456870-00457706 All the other code is identical until we get to here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00899-00457706-00458166 So I used a BcolzArrayIterator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00900-00458166-00459629 I can't just call .fit because .fit (or .fit_generator) assumes that your iterator is returning your Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00901-00459629-00459850 data and your labels. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00902-00459850-00460095 In our case we don't have data and labels. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00903-00460095-00460508 We have two things that both get fed in as two inputs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00904-00460508-00460893 And our labels are a list of 0's. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00905-00460893-00461666 So here's the trick, and this answers your earlier question about how do you do multi-input Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00906-00461666-00461889 models on large datasets. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00907-00461889-00462222 And the answer is create your own training loop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00908-00462222-00462822 Create your own training loop which loops through a bunch of iterations and then you Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00909-00462822-00463396 can grab as many batches of data from as many different iterators as you like and then call Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00910-00463396-00463597 train on batch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00911-00463597-00464172 So in my case, my BcolzArrayIterator is going to return my high-resolution and low-resolution Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00912-00464172-00464354 batch of images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00913-00464354-00464881 So I go through a bunch of iterations, grab one batch of high-res and low-res images and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00914-00464881-00465495 pass them as my two inputs to train on batch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00915-00465495-00466446 So this is the only code I changed, other than changing .fit_generator to actually call Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00916-00466446-00466755 in train. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00917-00466755-00467329 So as you can actually see this took me 4.5 hours to train. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00918-00467329-00467838 Then I decreased the learning rate and I trained for another 4.5 hours. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00919-00467838-00468160 Actually I did it overnight last night and I only had enough time to do about half of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00920-00468160-00468447 ImageNet, this isn't even the whole thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00921-00468447-00468679 But check this out. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00922-00468679-00469637 Take that model and we're going to call .predict on this is the original high-res image, here's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00923-00469637-00470218 the low-res version and here's the version that we've created. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00924-00470218-00470716 As you can see, it's done a pretty extraordinarily good job. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00925-00470716-00471193 When you look at the original ball, there was this kind of vague yellow thing here, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00926-00471193-00471547 it's kind of turned it into a nice kind of inscription. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00927-00471547-00472077 You can see that the eyes were like two gray blobs and it's kind of turned it into some Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00928-00472077-00472529 eyes. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00929-00472529-00472968 You could just tell that that's an "A", maybe if you look carefully, now it's very clearly Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00930-00472968-00473068 an "A". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00931-00473068-00473693 So you can see it does an amazing job of upscaling it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00932-00473693-00474385 Cooler still this is a fully convolutional net and not is specific to any particular Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00933-00474385-00474535 to any input resolution. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00934-00474535-00475497 So what I can do is I can create another version of the model using our high-res as the input. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00935-00475497-00476566 So now we're going to call .predict with the high-res input and that's what we get back. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00936-00476566-00477597 So like look at that, we can now see all of this detail on the basketball where none of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00937-00477597-00477735 that really existed here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00938-00477735-00478100 Like it was there, but it was pretty hard to see what it was. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00939-00478100-00478537 Look at before, look at her hair, it was kind of this gray blob here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00940-00478537-00479622 Here you can see it knows, it's like little bits of pulled-back hair. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00941-00479622-00480203 Like we can take any sized image and we can make it bigger. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00942-00480203-00480827 This to me is one of the most amazing results I've seen in deep learning. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00943-00480827-00481343 We trained something on nearly all of ImageNet, it's a single epoch, so there's definitely Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00944-00481343-00481864 no overfitting and it's able to able to recognize what hair is meant to look like when it's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00945-00481864-00482047 pulled back into a bun. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00946-00482047-00482418 Pretty extraordinary results I think. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00947-00482418-00483403 Something else which I only realized later is that it's all a bit fuzzy, and there's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00948-00483403-00484112 an arm in the background that's fuzzy, and the model knows that that's meant to stay Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00949-00484112-00484212 fuzzy, right. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00950-00484212-00484731 It knows what out-of-focus things look like. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00951-00484731-00485535 Equally cool is not just how like that "A" is now incredibly precise and accurate but Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00952-00485535-00485852 the fact that it knows that blurry things stay blurry. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00953-00485852-00486432 I don't know if you're as amazed at this as I am but I thought that this is a pretty cool Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00954-00486432-00486702 result. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00955-00486702-00487193 We could run this over a 24 hour period or maybe two epochs over all of the Internet Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00956-00487193-00487396 and get even better still. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00958-00491459-00492997 I realized in my manually created loss function I was already doing a mean square error in Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00959-00492997-00493716 the loss function, but then when I told Keras to make that thing as close to 0 as possible, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00960-00493716-00494204 I had to also give it a loss function and I was giving it MSE, and effectively that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00961-00494204-00494507 was like squaring my squared errors, it seemed wrong. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00962-00494507-00495183 So I've changed it to 'mae' (mean absolute error), so when you look back over the notebooks, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00963-00495183-00495301 that's why. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00964-00495301-00495953 Because this is just to say, Hey get the loss as close to 0 as possible, I didn't really Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00965-00495953-00496306 want to re-square it, that didn't make any sense. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00966-00496306-00496850 So that's why you'll see that minor change. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00967-00496850-00497521 The other thing to mention is that I did notice that when I retrained my super-resolution Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00968-00497521-00498183 on my new images that didn't have the black border, it gave good results much much faster. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00969-00498183-00498575 So I really think that thing of like learning to put the black border back in seemed to Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00970-00498575-00498813 take quite a lot of effort for it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00971-00498813-00499526 So again, hopefully some of you are going to look into that in more detail. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00972-00499526-00500041 So we're going to learn about adversarial networks, generative adversarial networks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00973-00500041-00500796 And this will kind of close off our deep dive into generative models as applied to images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00974-00500796-00501408 Just to remind you, the purpose of this has been to learn about generative models, not Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00975-00501408-00501872 just to specifically learn about super-resolution or artistic style. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00976-00501872-00502317 But remember, these things can be used to create all kinds of images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00977-00502317-00502929 So one of the groups is interested in taking a 2D photo and trying to turn it into something Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00978-00502929-00503364 that you can rotate in 3D, or at least show a different angle of that 2D photo. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00979-00503364-00503825 That's a great example of something that this should totally work for. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00980-00503825-00504196 It's just a mapping from one image to some different image. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00981-00504196-00504618 What would this image look like from above versus from the front. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00982-00504618-00505435 Keep in mind the purpose of this, just like in Part 1 we learned about classification Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00983-00505435-00505797 which you could use for a thousand things, now we're learning about generative models Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00984-00505797-00506079 that you can use for a different thousand things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00985-00506079-00506827 Now any generative model you can build you can make it better by adding on top of it Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00986-00506827-00507122 a GAN, a Generative Adversarial Network. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00987-00507122-00507518 This is something I don't really feel like it's been fully appreciated. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00988-00507518-00508120 People I've seen generally treat GANs as a different way of fitting a generative model. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00989-00508120-00508679 But I think of this more as like why not create your generative model using the kind of techniques Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00990-00508679-00509379 we've been talking about then ... Think of it this way, think about all the artistic Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00991-00509379-00510183 style stuff we're doing, like my terrible attempt at a Simpson's cartoon version of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00992-00510183-00510691 a picture, it looked nothing like The Simpsons. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00993-00510691-00510995 So what would be one way to improve that? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00994-00510995-00511537 One way to improve that would be to create 2 networks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00995-00511537-00512314 There would be one network that takes our picture, which is actually not The Simpsons, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00996-00512314-00512685 and takes another picture that is The Simpsons. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00997-00512685-00513432 And maybe we can train a neural network that takes those 2 images and spits out something Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00998-00513432-00514147 saying, Is that a real Simpsons image or not? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-00999-00514147-00514897 This thing we'll call the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01000-00514897-00515260 So we could easily train a discriminator right now. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01001-00515260-00515734 It's just a classification network, just use the same techniques we used in Part 1. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01002-00515734-00516391 We feed it the 2 images and it's going to spit out a "1" if it's a real Simpsons cartoon Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01003-00516391-00516830 and a "0" if it's Jeremy's crappy generative model of The Simpsons. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01004-00516830-00517278 That's easy, we know how to do that right now. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01005-00517278-00518110 So, okay, go ahead and build that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01006-00518110-00518605 Now, go and build another model ... Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01007-00518605-00519413 Answer: There's two images as inputs, yeah. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01008-00519413-00520087 No, you would feed it one thing that's The Simpsons and one thing that's a generative Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01009-00520087-00520187 output. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01010-00520187-00520766 It's up to you to feed it one of each. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01011-00520766-00521137 Alternatively, you could feed it one thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01012-00521137-00521605 In fact, probably easier is to just feed it one thing and it spits out, Is it The Simpsons, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01013-00521605-00521725 or Isn't it The Simpsons. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01014-00521725-00521946 And you could just mix and match them. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01015-00521946-00522207 Actually it's the later that we're going to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01016-00522207-00522358 That's probably easier. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01017-00522358-00522842 So let's redraw this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01018-00522842-00523356 We're going to have one thing which is either Not a Simpsons or Is a Simpsons. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01019-00523356-00523574 And we're going to kind of have a mix of 50-50 of those two. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01020-00523574-00524431 And we're going to have something come out saying, What do you think, is it real or not. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01021-00524431-00524882 So this thing, this discriminator, from now on we'll probably just generally be calling Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01022-00524882-00524982 it "D". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01023-00524982-00525115 So it's a thing called "D". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01024-00525115-00525332 We can think of that as a function. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01025-00525332-00526355 D is a function that takes some input x (which is an image, right) and spits out a "1" or Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01026-00526355-00526688 a "0", or maybe a probability. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01027-00526688-00527423 So what we could now do is create another neural network. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01028-00527423-00527866 And what this neural network is going to do is it's going to take as input some random Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01029-00527866-00529021 noise, just like all of our generators have so far, and it's going to spit out an image. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01030-00529021-00530083 And the loss function is going to be if you take that image and stick it through D, did Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01031-00530083-00530287 you manage to fool it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01032-00530287-00530817 Could you create something where in fact we wanted to say, Oh yeah. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01033-00530817-00530917 Totally. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01034-00530917-00531219 That's a real Simpsons. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01035-00531219-00531749 So if that was our loss function ... The generator, we'll call it "G". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01036-00531749-00532255 It's just something exactly like our perceptual losses style transfer model. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01037-00532255-00532471 Could be exactly the same model. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01038-00532471-00533005 The loss function is now going to be, take the output of that and stick it through D Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01039-00533005-00533343 (the discriminator) and try to trick it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01040-00533343-00533934 So the generator is doing well if the discriminator is getting in wrong. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01041-00533934-00534598 So one way to do this would be to take our discriminator and train it as best as we can Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01042-00534598-00535028 to recognize the difference between our crappy Simpsons and real Simpsons. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01043-00535028-00535546 And then get a generator and train it to trick that discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01044-00535546-00535925 But now at the end of that, it's probably still not very good because you realize that Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01045-00535925-00536425 actually your discriminator didn't have to be very good before because my Simpsons generators Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01046-00536425-00536530 were so bad. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01047-00536530-00537189 So I could now go back and retrain the discriminator based on my better generated images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01048-00537189-00537459 And then I could go back and retrain the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01049-00537459-00537773 And back and forth I go. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01050-00537773-00538358 That is the general approach of a GAN, is to keep going back between two things, which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01051-00538358-00539086 is training a discriminator and training a generator using a discriminator as a loss Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01052-00539086-00539186 function. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01053-00539186-00540111 So we've got one thing which is a discriminator on some image and another thing which is a Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01054-00540111-00541129 discriminator on a generator on some noise. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01055-00541129-00542288 Answer: In practice, these things are going to spit out probabilities. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01056-00542288-00542788 Okay, that's the general idea. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01057-00542788-00543686 In practice they found it very difficult to do this like train a discriminator as best Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01058-00543686-00543809 as we can. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01059-00543809-00543909 Stop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01060-00543909-00544040 Train the generator as best as we can. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01061-00544040-00544140 Stop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01062-00544140-00544355 And so on and so forth. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01063-00544355-00545636 So instead what the original GAN paper, called "Generative Adversarial Nets" and here you Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01064-00545636-00546327 can see they've actually specified this loss function, so here it is in notation. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01065-00546327-00546992 They call it minimizing the generator whilst maximizing the discriminator, this is what Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01066-00546992-00547408 minmax is referring to. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01067-00547408-00547742 What they do in practice is they do it a batch at a time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01068-00547742-00547842 So they have a loop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01069-00547842-00548252 We're going to go through a loop and do a single batch, go through the discriminator, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01070-00548252-00548585 that same batch stick it through the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01071-00548585-00548803 So we're going to do it a batch at a time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01072-00548803-00549033 So let's look at that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01073-00549033-00549479 So here's the original GAN from that paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01074-00549479-00549579 And we're gong to do it on MNIST. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01075-00549579-00550125 And what we're going to do is we're going to start from scratch to create something Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01076-00550125-00551171 which can create images which the discriminator cannot tell whether they're real or fake. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01077-00551171-00551592 And it's a discriminator which has learnt to be good at discriminating real from fake Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01078-00551592-00551885 pictures of MNIST images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01079-00551885-00552417 So we load it into MNIST and the first thing they do in the paper is they just use a standard Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01080-00552417-00552614 multi-layer percepteron. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01081-00552614-00553282 I'm just going to skip over that and let's get to the percepteron. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01082-00553282-00553541 So here's our generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01083-00553541-00553857 It's just a standard multi-layer percepteron. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01084-00553857-00554266 And here's our discriminator, which is also a standard multi-layer percepteron. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01085-00554266-00554910 The generator has a sigmoid activation, so in other words we're going to spit out an Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01086-00554910-00555112 image where all of the pixels are between 0 and 1. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01087-00555112-00555628 So if you want to print it out, just multiply it by 255, I guess. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01088-00555628-00555908 So there's our generator, there's our discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01089-00555908-00556247 There's then the combination of the two. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01090-00556247-00556643 So take the generator and stick it into the discriminator, we can just use sequential Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01091-00556643-00556743 for that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01092-00556743-00557222 This is actually therefore the loss function that I want on my generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01093-00557222-00557658 So generate something and see if you can fool the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01094-00557658-00558154 So there's all my architectures set up. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01095-00558154-00558495 So the next thing I need to do is set up this thing called "train" which is going to do Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01096-00558495-00558757 this adversarial training. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01097-00558757-00559066 Let's go back and have a look at train. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01098-00559066-00559434 So what train is going to do is it's going to go through a bunch of epochs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01099-00559434-00560039 Notice here I wrap it in this tqdm, this is the thing that creates the progress bar. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01100-00560039-00560262 Doesn't do anything else, just creates the progress bar. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01101-00560262-00560536 We learned about that last week. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01102-00560536-00561100 The first thing I need to do is to generate some data to feed the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01103-00561100-00561522 So I create a little function for that, and here's my little function (data_D), and it's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01104-00561522-00562080 going to create a little bit of data that's real and a little bit of data that's fake. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01105-00562080-00562188 So my real data. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01106-00562188-00562958 Okay, let's go into my actual training set and grab some randomly selected MNIST digits. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01107-00562958-00563284 That's my real bit. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01108-00563284-00563563 And then, let's create some fake. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01109-00563563-00564276 So "noise" is a function that I've just created up here which gets 100 random numbers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01110-00564276-00564769 So let's create some noise, call G.predict. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01111-00564769-00564948 And then so I concatenate the two together. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01112-00564948-00565221 So now I've got some real data and some fake data. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01113-00565221-00565809 And so this is going to try and predict whether or not something is fake. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01114-00565809-00566094 So "1" means fake and "0" means real. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01115-00566094-00566942 So I'm going to return my data and my labels, which is a bunch of 0's to say they're all Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01116-00566942-00567267 real and a bunch of 1's to say they're all fake. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01117-00567267-00567450 So there's my discriminator data. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01118-00567450-00568555 So go ahead and create a set of data for the discriminator and do one batch of training. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01119-00568555-00568884 Now I'm going to do the same thing for the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01120-00568884-00569404 But when I train the generator, I don't want to change the discriminator's weights. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01121-00569404-00569870 So make_trainable simply goes through each layer and says it's not trainable, to make Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01122-00569870-00570652 my discriminator non-trainable and do one batch of training where I'm taking noise as Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01123-00570652-00571401 my inputs and my goal is to get the discriminator to think that they are actually real. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01124-00571401-00571837 So that's why I'm passing in a bunch of 0s, because remember 0 means real. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01125-00571837-00572117 And that's it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01126-00572117-00572315 And then make the discriminator trainable again. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01127-00572315-00572506 So keep working through this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01128-00572506-00573077 Train the discriminator on a batch of half real half fake. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01129-00573077-00573770 Then train the generator to try and trick the discriminator using all fake. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01130-00573770-00573937 Repeat. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01131-00573937-00574079 So that's the training loop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01132-00574079-00574365 That's the basic GAN. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01133-00574365-00574850 Because we use tqdm we get a nice progress bar. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01134-00574850-00574969 We can plot out. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01135-00574969-00575471 I kept track of the loss at each step so there's our loss for the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01136-00575471-00575670 And there's our loss for the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01137-00575670-00575962 So the question is what do these loss curves mean? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01138-00575962-00576230 Are they good or bad? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01139-00576230-00576444 How do we know. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01140-00576444-00576921 The answer is for this kind of GAN, they mean nothing at all. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01141-00576921-00577430 The generator could get fantastic but it could be because the discriminator is terrible. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01142-00577430-00577894 They don't really know whether each one is good or not, so like even the order of magnitude Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01143-00577894-00578015 of both of them is meaningless. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01144-00578015-00578298 So these curves mean nothing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01145-00578298-00578511 The direction of the curves mean nothing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01146-00578511-00578779 And this is one of the real difficulties with training GANs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01147-00578779-00579707 Here's what happens when I plot 12 randomly selected random noise vectors stuck through Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01148-00579707-00579807 there. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01149-00579807-00580216 We have not got things to look terribly like MNIST digits and they also don't look terribly Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01150-00580216-00580505 much like they have a lot of variety. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01151-00580505-00581267 This is called "mode collapse". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01152-00581267-00581578 Very common problem when training GANs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01153-00581578-00582236 And what it means is that the generator and the discriminator have kind of reached a stalemate. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01154-00582236-00582648 Neither of them basically knows how to go from here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01155-00582648-00583126 And in terms of optimization, we've basically found a local minimum. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01156-00583126-00583442 So, okay, that was not very successful. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01157-00583442-00583599 Can we do better? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01158-00583599-00584799 So the next major paper that came along was this one, "Unsupervised Representation Learning Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01159-00584799-00585184 with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01160-00585184-00585946 So this created something they call DCGANs and the main page that we have to look at Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01161-00585946-00586678 here is page 3, where they say "Core to our approach is" doing these three things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01162-00586678-00587217 And basically what they do is they do exactly the same thing as GANs, but they do 3 things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01163-00587217-00587755 One is to use the kind of, in fact all of them is to learn the tricks that we've been Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01164-00587755-00587895 learning for generative models. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01165-00587895-00588651 Use an all convolutional net, get rid of maxpooling and use strided convolutions instead, get Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01166-00588651-00589047 rid of fully connected layers and use lots of convolutional features instead and add Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01167-00589047-00589234 in batch norm. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01168-00589234-00590023 And then use a CNN rather than NLP, so here is that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01169-00590023-00590428 This will look very familiar, it looks just like lesson's stuff. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01170-00590428-00591501 So the generator is going to take in a random grid of inputs, it's going to do a BatchNorm, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01171-00591501-00591903 upsample (you'll notice I'm doing even newer than this paper, I'm doing the UpSampling Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01172-00591903-00592761 approach because we know that's better), upsample, 1x1 conv, BatchNorm, upsample, 1x1 conv, BatchNorm, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01173-00592761-00593132 and then a final conv layer. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01174-00593132-00593270 Discriminator basically does the opposite. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01175-00593270-00594069 Which is some 2x2 subsamplings, so no downsampling in the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01176-00594069-00594649 Another trick that is mentioned (I think it is mentioned in the paper) is before you do Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01177-00594649-00595187 the back-and-forth batch for the discriminator, and a batch for generator, is to train the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01178-00595187-00595521 discriminator for a fraction of an epoch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01179-00595521-00595915 Like do a few batches through the discriminator so at least it knows how to recognize the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01180-00595915-00596384 difference between a random image and a real image a little bit. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01181-00596384-00596792 So you can see here, I actually just start by calling discriminator .fit (CNN_D.fit) Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01182-00596792-00597156 with just a very small amount of data. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01183-00597156-00597622 So this is just kind of like bootstrapping the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01184-00597622-00598438 And then I just go ahead and call the same train as we had before with my better architectures. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01185-00598438-00598763 And again these curves are kind of totally meaningless. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01186-00598763-00599404 But we have something which if you squint you could almost convince yourself that's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01187-00599404-00599569 a "5". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01188-00599569-00600502 So until a week or two before this course started, this was kind of about as good as Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01189-00600502-00600605 we had. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01190-00600605-00601171 People were much better at the artisanal details of this than I was, and indeed there's a whole Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01191-00601171-00601792 page called ganhacks which had lots of tips. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01192-00601792-00602539 But then a couple weeks before this class started (as I mentioned in the first class), Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01193-00602539-00602859 along came the Wasserstein GAN. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01194-00602859-00603240 And the Wasserstein GAN got rid of all these problems. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01195-00603240-00603974 And here is the Wasserstein GAN paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01196-00603974-00604573 And this paper is quite an extraordinary paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01197-00604573-00605193 It's particularly extraordinary because (and I think I mentioned this in the first class Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01198-00605193-00605890 of this part), most papers either tend to be math theory which goes nowhere or kind Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01199-00605890-00606329 of nice experiments and engineering, where the theory bit is kind of hacked on at the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01200-00606329-00606625 end and kind of meaningless. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01201-00606625-00607103 This paper is entirely driven by theory. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01202-00607103-00607570 And then the theory, they go on to show this is what the theory means, this is what we Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01203-00607570-00607794 do, and suddenly all the problems go away. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01204-00607794-00608172 The loss curves are going to actually mean something and we're going to be able to do Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01205-00608172-00608847 what I said we wanted to do right at the start of this GAN section which is to train the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01206-00608847-00609310 discriminator a whole bunch of steps, and then do a generator, and then the discriminator Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01207-00609310-00609561 a whole bunch of steps, and then do a generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01208-00609561-00609701 And all that is going to suddenly start working. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01209-00609701-00610119 How do we get it to work? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01210-00610119-00611107 So in fact, despite the fact that this paper is both long and full of equations and theorems Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01211-00611107-00611541 and proofs, and there's a whole bunch of appendices at the back with more theorems and proofs, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01212-00611541-00611820 there's actually only two things you need to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01213-00611820-00612170 One is remove the log from the loss file. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01214-00612170-00612715 Rather than using cross-entropy loss, we're just going to use mean square error. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01215-00612715-00612817 That's one change. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01216-00612817-00613538 And the second change is we're going to constrain the weights so that they lie between -.01 Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01217-00613538-00613689 and +.01. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01218-00613689-00614089 We're going to constrain the weights to make them small. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01219-00614089-00614772 Now in the process of saying that's all we're going to do is to not give credit to this Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01220-00614772-00614872 paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01221-00614872-00615163 Because what this paper is they figured out that's what we need to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01222-00615163-00615651 And on the forums, some of you have been reading through this paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01223-00615651-00616318 I've already given you some tips, there's a really great walk-through, I'll put it on Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01224-00616318-00616780 our wiki, that explains all the math from scratch, but basically what the math says Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01225-00616780-00617203 is this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01226-00617203-00617691 The loss function for a GAN is not really the loss function you put into Keras. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01227-00617691-00618181 Like we thought we were just putting in a cross-entropy loss function, but in fact for Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01228-00618181-00618590 a GAN what we really care about is the difference between two distributions. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01229-00618590-00618936 The difference between the discriminator and the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01230-00618936-00619534 And the difference between two loss functions has a very different shape than the loss function Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01231-00619534-00619785 on its own. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01232-00619785-00620178 So it turns out that the difference between the two loss functions, the two cross-entropy Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01233-00620178-00620646 loss functions is something called the Jensen-Shannon distance. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01234-00620646-00621377 And this paper shows that that loss function is hideous. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01235-00621377-00622438 It is not differentiable and it does not have a nice smooth shape at all. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01236-00622438-00622953 So this kind of explains why it is that we keep getting this mode collapse and failing Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01237-00622953-00623125 to find nice minimums. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01238-00623125-00623657 Basically, mathematically this loss function does not behave the way a good loss function Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01239-00623657-00623894 should. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01240-00623894-00624426 Previously we've not come across anything like this because we've been training a single Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01241-00624426-00624673 function at a time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01242-00624673-00625035 We really understand those loss functions, mean-square-error, cross-entropy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01243-00625035-00625635 Even though we haven't always derived the math in detail, plenty of people have. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01244-00625635-00626033 We know that they're nice and smooth and they have pretty nice shapes and they do what you Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01245-00626033-00626134 want them to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01246-00626134-00626832 In this case, by training two things adversarily to each other we're actually doing something Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01247-00626832-00627508 quite different and this paper just absolutely fantastically shows, with both examples and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01248-00627508-00628061 with theory, why that's just never going to work. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01249-00628061-00629894 Answer: Yes but even the cosine distance ... So the cosine distance is the difference between Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01250-00629894-00630363 two things whereas these distances that we're talking about here are the distances between Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01251-00630363-00630902 two distributions, which is a much more tricky problem to deal with. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01252-00630902-00631402 The cosine distance, actually if you look at the notebook during the week you'll see Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01253-00631402-00632163 it's basically the same as the Euclidean distance but you normalize the data first, so it has Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01254-00632163-00632635 all the same nice properties as the Euclidean distance. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01255-00632635-00633695 So one thing that's fun is that the authors of this paper released their code in PyTorch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01256-00633695-00634392 Luckily, PyTorch the first kind of pre-release came out in mid-January. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01257-00634392-00634780 You won't be surprised to hear that one of the authors of the paper is the main author Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01258-00634780-00635405 of PyTorch, so he was writing this before he even released the code. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01259-00635405-00635882 There's lots of reasons we want to learn PyTorch anyway so here's a good reason. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01260-00635882-00636323 So let's look at the Wasserstein GAN in PyTorch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01261-00636323-00636775 Most of the code, in fact other than this, pretty much all of the code I'm showing you Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01262-00636775-00637326 in this part of the course is very loosely based on lots of bits of other code which Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01263-00637326-00637755 I had to massively rewrite because all of it was wrong and hideous. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01264-00637755-00638311 This code I actually only did some minor refactoring to simplify things, so this is actually very Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01265-00638311-00638411 close to their code. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01266-00638411-00639048 So it was a very nice paper with very nice code. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01267-00639048-00640250 So before we look at the Wasserstein GAN in PyTorch, let's look briefly at PyTorch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01268-00640250-00640889 Basically what you're going to see is that PyTorch looks a lot like Numpy, which is nice. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01269-00640889-00641525 We don't have to create a computational graph using variables and placeholders and later Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01270-00641525-00641784 on and launch in a session and blah blah blah. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01271-00641784-00642534 I'm sure you've seen by now with Keras with TensorFlow you try to print something out, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01272-00642534-00643061 maybe an output, it just prints out like "Tensor" and tells you home many dimensions it has. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01273-00643061-00643601 That's because all that thing is is the symbolic part of a computational graph. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01274-00643601-00643746 PyTorch doesn't work that way. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01275-00643746-00644180 PyTorch has what's called a define-by-run framework. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01276-00644180-00645121 It's basically designed to be so fast to take your code and compile it that you don't have Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01277-00645121-00645337 to create that graph in advance. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01278-00645337-00645888 Like every time you run a piece of code, it puts it on the GPU, runs it, sends it back, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01279-00645888-00646027 all in one go. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01280-00646027-00646319 So it makes things look very simple. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01281-00646319-00646812 This is a slightly cut down version of the PyTorch tutorial that PyTorch provides on Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01282-00646812-00647276 their website so you can grab that from there. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01283-00647276-00647646 So rather than creating np.array, you create torch.Tensor. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01284-00647646-00647940 But other than that, it's identical. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01285-00647940-00648932 So here's a random torch.Tensor. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01286-00648932-00649661 Rather than .shape it's got .size. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01287-00649661-00649838 But you can see it looks very similar, right. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01288-00649838-00650481 And so unlike in TensorFlow or Theano, we can just say "x+y" and there it is. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01289-00650481-00651404 We don't have to say "z=x+y", "f=function(x,y)", takes x and y as inputs and there is its output... Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01290-00651404-00651750 No, just go "x+y" and there it is. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01291-00651750-00652082 So you can see why it's called define-by-run. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01292-00652082-00652399 We just provide the code and it just runs it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01293-00652399-00652894 Generally speaking most operations in Torch as well as having this infix version, there's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01294-00652894-00653173 also a prefix version. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01295-00653173-00653446 These two are exactly the same thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01296-00653446-00654198 You can often add an "out=" and that puts the results in this pre-allocated memory. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01297-00654198-00654629 We've already talked about why it's really important to pre-allocate memory. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01298-00654629-00654925 It's particularly important on GPUs. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01299-00654925-00655362 So if you write your own algorithms in PyTorch, you'll need to be very careful of this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01300-00655362-00655861 Perhaps the best trick is that you can stick an underscore on the end of most things and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01301-00655861-00656015 it causes it to do it in-place. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01302-00656015-00656642 This is basically y plus equals x. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01303-00656642-00656821 So there's some good little tricks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01304-00656821-00657246 You can do slicing just like Numpy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01305-00657246-00658092 You can turn Numpy stuff into Torch tensors (and vice versa) by simply going .numpy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01306-00658092-00658907 One thing to be very aware of is that "a" and "b" are now referring to the same thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01307-00658907-00659710 So if I now add underscore to in-place a plus equals 1, it also changes b. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01308-00659710-00660417 Vice versa you can turn Numpy into Torch by calling Torch from Numpy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01309-00660417-00660541 And again, same thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01310-00660541-00661144 If you change the Numpy, it changes the Torch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01311-00661144-00661406 All of that so far has been running on the CPU. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01312-00661406-00661934 To turn anything into something that runs on the GPU you chuck .cuda at the end of it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01313-00661934-00662585 So this "x+y" just ran on the GPU. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01314-00662585-00663262 Where things get cool is that something like this knows not just how to do that piece of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01315-00663262-00663568 arithmetic, but it also knows how to take a gradient of that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01316-00663568-00664251 So to make anything into something which calculates gradients, you just take your Torch tensor, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01317-00664251-00664742 wrap it in Variable and add this parameter to it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01318-00664742-00665173 From now on, anything I do to x, it's going to remember what I did so that it can take Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01319-00665173-00665344 the gradient of it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01320-00665344-00665503 So for example, x+2. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01321-00665503-00665886 I get back 3, just like a normal tensor. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01322-00665886-00666832 So a variable and a tensor have the same API, except that I can keep doing things to it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01323-00666832-00667126 Squared times 3, .mean. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01324-00667126-00667651 Later on, I can go .backward and .grad and I can get the gradient. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01325-00667651-00668178 So that's the critical difference between a tensor and a variable. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01326-00668178-00668846 They have exactly the same API, except variable also has .backward and .grad gets you the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01327-00668846-00668946 gradient. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01328-00668946-00669601 So when I say .grad, the reason that this is "dout/dx" is because I typed "out.backward()". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01329-00669601-00670512 So this is the thing that the derivative is with respect to. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01330-00670512-00670624 So this is kind of crazy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01331-00670624-00671101 You can do things like while loops and get the gradients of them. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01332-00671101-00671726 So this kind of thing, pretty tricky to do with TensorFlow or Theano, these kind of computation Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01333-00671726-00671826 graph approaches. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01334-00671826-00672657 So it gives you a whole lot of flexibility to define things in much more natural ways. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01335-00672657-00673519 So you can write PyTorch just like you're writing regular old Numpy stuff. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01336-00673519-00674021 It has plenty of libraries so if you want to create a neural network, here's how you Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01337-00674021-00674242 do a CNN. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01338-00674242-00674671 I warned you early on that if you don't know about OO and Python you need to learn it and Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01339-00674671-00674926 so here's why. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01340-00674926-00675334 Because in PyTorch, everything's kind of done using OO. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01341-00675334-00675465 I really like this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01342-00675465-00676461 Like in TensorFlow, they kind of invent their own weird way of programming, rather than Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01343-00676461-00676582 use Python OO. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01344-00676582-00677030 Whereas PyTorch just goes, Oh we already have these features in a language, let's just use Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01345-00677030-00677130 them. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01346-00677130-00677501 It's way easier, in my opinion. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01347-00677501-00677886 So to create a neural net, you create a new class. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01348-00677886-00678842 You derive from Module and then in the constructor, you create all of the things that have weights. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01349-00678842-00679549 So conv1 is now something that has some weights, it's a 2D conv. conv2 is something with some Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01350-00679549-00679649 weights. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01351-00679649-00679826 fc1 is something with some weights. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01352-00679826-00680284 So there's all of your layers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01353-00680284-00680702 And then you get to say exactly what happens in your forward pass. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01354-00680702-00681265 Now because max_pool2d doesn't have any weights and relu doesn't have any weights, there's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01355-00681265-00681692 no need to define them in the initializer. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01356-00681692-00681866 You can just call them as functions. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01357-00681866-00682603 But these things have weights, so they need to be stateful in the system. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01358-00682603-00683185 So in my forward pass, you literally just define what are the things that happen. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01359-00683185-00683538 .view is the same as .reshape. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01360-00683538-00683944 So like the whole API has different names for everything. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01361-00683944-00684463 It was mildly annoying for the first week, but you kind of get used to it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01362-00684463-00684604 So .reshape is called .view. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01363-00684604-00685099 During the week, if you try to use PyTorch and you like, How do you say blah in PyTorch, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01364-00685099-00685449 and you can't find it, feel free to post on the forum. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01365-00685449-00686071 Having said that, PyTorch has its own discourse based forum (https://discuss.pytorch.org). Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01366-00686071-00686519 As you can see, it is just as busy and friendly as our forums. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01367-00686519-00686798 People are posting on these all the time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01368-00686798-00687428 So I find it a really great, helpful community. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01369-00687428-00688361 So feel free to ask over there or over here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01370-00688361-00689426 So you can then put all of that computation onto the GPU by calling .cuda. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01371-00689426-00689915 You can then take some input, put that on the GPU with .cuda. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01372-00689915-00690721 You can then calculate your derivatives, calculate your loss. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01373-00690721-00691378 And then later on you can optimize it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01374-00691378-00691844 This is just one step of the optimizer, so we have to kind of put that in a loop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01375-00691844-00692072 So there's the basic pieces. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01376-00692072-00692674 At the end here there's a process, but I think more fun will be to see the process in a Wasserstein Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01377-00692674-00692777 GAN. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01378-00692777-00692877 So here it is. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01379-00692877-00693609 I've kind of got this torch_utils thing that you'll find in github which has the basic Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01380-00693609-00694085 stuff you'll want for Torch all there, so you can just import that. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01381-00694085-00694526 So let's get the Wasserstein GAN working. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01382-00694526-00695121 So we set up the batch size, the size of our image, the size of our noise vector. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01383-00695121-00695507 Look how cool it is, I really like this. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01384-00695507-00695799 This is how you import datasets. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01385-00695799-00696228 It has a datasets module already in the torch-vision library. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01386-00696228-00697001 Here's the CIFAR10 dataset, it will automatically download it to this path for you if you say Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01387-00697001-00697101 "download=True". Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01388-00697101-00697815 And rather than having to figure out how to do the preprocessing, you can create a list Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01389-00697815-00698014 of transforms. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01390-00698014-00698301 So I think this is a really lovely API. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01391-00698301-00698847 The reason that this is so new yet has such a nice API is because this comes from a Lua Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01392-00698847-00699124 library called Torch that's been around for many years. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01393-00699124-00699790 So these guys started off by copying what they already had and what already worked well. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01394-00699790-00700190 So I think this is very elegant. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01395-00700190-00700465 I've got two different things you can look at here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01396-00700465-00700565 They're both from the paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01397-00700565-00700937 One is CIFAR10 with these tiny little images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01398-00700937-00701516 Another is something we haven't seen before which is called LSUN, which is a really nice Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01399-00701516-00701616 dataset. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01400-00701616-00702849 It's a huge dataset with millions of images, 3 million bedroom images, for example. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01401-00702849-00703065 So we can use either one. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01402-00703065-00703292 This is pretty cool. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01403-00703292-00703803 We can then create a DataLoader, say how many workers to use (we already know what workers Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01404-00703803-00704154 are) and this is all built in to the framework. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01405-00704154-00704623 Now that you know how many workers your GPU or CPU likes to use, you can just go ahead Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01406-00704623-00704778 and put that number in here. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01407-00704778-00705213 You can use your CPU to load in this data in parallel in the background. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01408-00705213-00705738 We're going to start with CIFAR10, so we've got 47 thousand of those images. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01409-00705738-00706651 So I have just put the definitions of the discriminator and generator architectures Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01410-00706651-00706972 into a separate Python file, dcgan.py. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01411-00706972-00707442 We're going to skip over very quickly because it's really straightforward. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01412-00707442-00708197 Here's a conv block that consists of a Conv2d, a BatchNorm2d and a leakyReLU. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01413-00708197-00709071 So in my initializer I can go ahead and say, Okay we'll start with a conv block. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01414-00709071-00709400 Optionally we have a few extra conv blocks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01415-00709400-00709546 This is really nice. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01416-00709546-00710636 Here's a while loop that says keep adding more upsampling blocks Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01417-00710636-00710967 until you've got as many as you need. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01418-00710967-00711669 So that's a nice kind of use of a while loop to simplify creating our architecture. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01419-00711669-00712233 And then a final conv block at the end to actually create the thing we want. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01420-00712233-00712535 And then this is pretty nifty. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01421-00712535-00713678 If you pass in ngpu>1, then it will call parallel.data.parallel passing in those gpu_ids and it will do automatic Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01422-00713678-00713889 multi-GPU training. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01423-00713889-00714635 So this is by far the easiest multi-GPU training I've ever seen. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01424-00714635-00715538 So that's it, that's the forward pass. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01425-00715538-00716447 Answer: We'll learn more about this over the next couple of weeks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01426-00716447-00717103 In fact, given that we're a little short of time, let's discuss that next week and let Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01427-00717103-00717344 me know if you don't think we cover it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01428-00717344-00717536 Okay, here's the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01429-00717536-00717680 Looks very similar. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01430-00717680-00718374 Again there's a while loop to make sure we've gone through the right number of deconv blocks. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01431-00718374-00718721 So this is actually interesting. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01432-00718721-00719202 This would probably be better off with an upsampling block followed by a 1x1 convolution. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01433-00719202-00719560 So maybe at home you could try this and see if you get better results because this has Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01434-00719560-00719794 probably got the checkerboard pattern problem. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01435-00719794-00720261 Okay, so there's our generator and our discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01436-00720261-00720640 It's only 75 lines of code. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01437-00720640-00720830 Nice and easy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01438-00720830-00721142 You know, everything's a little bit different in PyTorch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01439-00721142-00722061 If we want to say what initializer to use, again we're going to kind of use more decoupled. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01440-00722061-00722506 Maybe at first it's a little more complex, but there's less things you have to learn. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01441-00722506-00723115 In this case we can call something called .apply, which takes some function and passes Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01442-00723115-00723357 it to everything in our architecture. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01443-00723357-00724030 So this function is something that says, Is this a Conv2d or a ConvTranspose2d, if so Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01444-00724030-00724248 use this initialization function. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01445-00724248-00724610 Or if it's a BatchNorm, use this initialization function. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01446-00724610-00724924 So again, everything's a little bit different. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01447-00724924-00725715 There isn't a separate initializer parameter; this is in my opinion much more flexible, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01448-00725715-00726135 I really like it. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01449-00726135-00726667 So as before we need something that creates some noise. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01450-00726667-00727144 So let's go ahead and create some fixed noise. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01451-00727144-00727709 We're going to have an optimizer for the discriminator, we've got an optimizer for the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01452-00727709-00727997 Here is something that does one step of the discriminator, right. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01453-00727997-00728290 So we're going to call the forward pass and then we're going to call the backward pass, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01454-00728290-00728645 and then we return the error. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01455-00728645-00728992 Just like before, we've got something called make_trainable. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01456-00728992-00729579 This is how we make something trainable or not trainable in PyTorch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01457-00729579-00729774 And just like before, we have a train loop. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01458-00729774-00730481 The train loop has got a little more going on, partly because of the Wasserstein GAN, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01459-00730481-00730581 partly because of PyTorch. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01460-00730581-00731054 But the basic ideal is the same. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01461-00731054-00732248 For each epoch, for each batch, make the discriminator trainable. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01462-00732248-00732735 And then this is the number of iterations to train the discriminator for. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01463-00732735-00733199 So remember I told you one of the nice things about the Wasserstein GAN is that we don't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01464-00733199-00733575 have to do 1 batch discriminator, 1 batch generator, 1 batch discriminator, 1 batch Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01465-00733575-00734115 generator, but we can actually train the discriminator properly with a bunch of batches. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01466-00734115-00735389 And in the paper, they suggest using 5 iterations, or 5 batches of discriminator training each Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01467-00735389-00735816 time through the loop, unless you're still on the first 25 iterations. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01468-00735816-00736447 If you're still in the first 25 iterations, do 100 batches. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01469-00736447-00736795 And they also say, from time-to-time do 100 batches. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01470-00736795-00737023 So it's kind of nice. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01471-00737023-00737609 By having the flexibility here to change things, we can do exactly what the paper wants us Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01472-00737609-00737709 to do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01473-00737709-00738226 So basically, first we're going to train the discriminator carefully. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01474-00738226-00738637 And we will also from time-to-time train the discriminator very carefully. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01475-00738637-00738990 Otherwise, we'll just do 5 batches. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01476-00738990-00739405 So this is where we go ahead and train the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01477-00739405-00740262 And you'll see here we clamp (this is the same as clip) the weights in the discriminator Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01478-00740262-00740458 to fall in this range. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01479-00740458-00740882 And if you're interested in reading the paper, the paper explains that basically the reason Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01480-00740882-00741840 for this is that their assumptions are only true in this kind of small area. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01481-00741840-00742394 So that's why we have to make sure the weights stay in this small area. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01482-00742394-00742782 So then we go ahead and do a single step with the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01483-00742782-00743050 Then we create some noise. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01484-00743050-00743459 And then we do a single step with the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01485-00743459-00744422 We get our fake data for the discriminator and we can subtract the fake from the real Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01486-00744422-00744624 to get our error with the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01487-00744624-00744911 So there's 1 step of the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01488-00744911-00745669 We do that either 5 or 100 times. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01489-00745669-00746186 Make our discriminator not trainable and then do one step of the generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01490-00746186-00746835 You can see here we call generator with some noise and then pass it into the discriminator Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01491-00746835-00747008 to see if we tricked it or not. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01492-00747008-00747630 So during the week you can look at these two different versions and you're going to see Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01493-00747630-00748104 the PyTorch and the Keras version are basically the same thing. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01494-00748104-00748486 The only difference is ... two things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01495-00748486-00749244 One is the presence of this clamping and the second is that the loss function is mean-square-error, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01496-00749244-00749567 rather than cross-entropy. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01497-00749567-00749832 So let's see what happens. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01498-00749832-00750735 Here is some examples from CIFAR10. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01499-00750735-00751751 And so they're certainly a lot better than our crappy DCGAN MNIST examples, but they're Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01500-00751751-00751925 not great. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01501-00751925-00752163 Why are they not great? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01502-00752163-00752815 Probably the reason they're not great is because CIFAR10 has quite a few different kinds of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01503-00752815-00753017 categories of different kinds of things. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01504-00753017-00753474 And so it doesn't really know what it's going to be drawing a picture of. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01505-00753474-00753593 Sometimes I guess it kind of figures it out. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01506-00753593-00753782 Like I guess this must be a plane, I think. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01507-00753782-00754373 But a lot of the time it hedges and kind of draws a picture of something that kind of Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01508-00754373-00755000 looks like it might be a reasonable picture but it's not a picture of anything in particular. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01509-00755000-00755626 On the other hand, the LSUN dataset has 3 million bedrooms. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01510-00755626-00756421 So we would hope that when we train the Wasserstein GAN on LSUN bedrooms we might get better results. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01511-00756421-00756836 Here's the real CIFAR10, by the way. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01512-00756836-00757550 So here are our fake bedrooms. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01513-00757550-00758025 And they are pretty freaking awesome. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01514-00758025-00758846 So literally these started out as random noise, and every one has been turned into ... like Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01515-00758846-00759096 that's definitely a bedroom. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01516-00759096-00759196 And they're all different. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01517-00759196-00759698 And then here is the real bedrooms, to compare. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01518-00759698-00760896 So we can see here, imagine if we took this and stuck it on the end of any kind of generator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01519-00760896-00761594 You could really use this to make your generator much more believable. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01520-00761594-00762219 Any time you look at it and say, Oh that doesn't look like the real X, maybe you could try Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01521-00762219-00762957 using a WGAN to try and make it look more like a real X. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01522-00762957-00763959 So this paper is so new and like so important ... Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01523-00763959-00764859 So here's the other thing, the loss function for these actually makes sense. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01524-00764859-00765419 The discriminator and the generator loss functions actually decrease as they get better. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01525-00765419-00765720 So you can actually tell if your thing is training properly. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01526-00765720-00766571 You can't exactly compare two different architectures to each other still, but you can certainly Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01527-00766571-00766698 see that the training curves are working. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01528-00766698-00767662 So now that we have (in my opinion) a GAN that actually really works reliably works Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01529-00767662-00768508 for the first time ever, I feel that this changes the equation for what generators can Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01530-00768508-00768622 and cannot do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01531-00768622-00769182 And this has not been applied to anything yet. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01532-00769182-00770088 So you can take any old paper that produces 3D outputs or segmentations or vector outputs Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01533-00770088-00770817 or colorization and add this and it would be great to see what happens because none Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01534-00770817-00770934 of that's been done before. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01535-00770934-00771903 It's not been done before because we haven't had a good way to train GANs before. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01536-00771903-00772609 You know I think this is kind of something where anybody who's interested in a project, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01537-00772609-00772901 yeah, this would be a great project. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01538-00772901-00773397 And something that maybe you can do reasonably quickly. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01539-00773397-00773944 Another thing you could do as a project is to convert this into Keras. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01540-00773944-00774659 You can take the Keras DCGAN notebook that we've already got and change the loss function Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01541-00774659-00775318 and the weight clipping and try training on this LSUN bedroom dataset and you should get Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01542-00775318-00775464 the same results. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01543-00775464-00776001 And then you can add this on top of any of your Keras stuff. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01544-00776001-00776332 There's so much that you could do this week. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01545-00776332-00777078 I don't feel I want to give you an assignment per se because there's 1000 assignments you Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01546-00777078-00777178 could do. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01547-00777178-00777709 As per usual, you should go back and look at the papers. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01548-00777709-00778098 The original GAN paper is a fairly easy read. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01549-00778098-00778972 There's a section called Theoretical Results which is kind of like the pointless math bit, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01550-00778972-00779100 like here's some theoretical stuff. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01551-00779100-00779577 It's actually interesting to read this now because you go back and you look at this stuff Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01552-00779577-00779968 where they prove various nice things about their GAN. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01553-00779968-00780612 So they talk about how the generative model perfectly replicates the data generating process. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01554-00780612-00781338 It's interesting to go back and look and say, They've proved these things but it turned Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01555-00781338-00781934 out to be pointless, it still didn't work, it didn't really work. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01556-00781934-00782461 It's kind of interesting to look back and say how is it ... That's not to say this isn't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01557-00782461-00782561 a good paper. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01558-00782561-00782997 It's a good paper, but it is interesting to see like when is the theoretical stuff useful Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01559-00782997-00783103 and when not. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01560-00783103-00783856 Then you look at the Wasserstein GAN theoretical sections and it spends a lot of time talking Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01561-00783856-00784181 about why their theory actually matters. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01562-00784181-00784649 So they have this really cool example where they say, Let's create something really simple. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01563-00784649-00785103 What if you wanted to learn parallel lines. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01564-00785103-00785748 And they show why it is that the old way of doing GANs can't learn parallel lines. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01565-00785748-00786403 Then they show how their different objective function can learn parallel lines. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01566-00786403-00787064 So I think anybody who's kind of interested in getting into the theory a little bit, it's Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01567-00787064-00787963 very interesting to look at why the Proof of Convergence showed something, but it didn't Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01568-00787963-00788180 show something that turned out to matter. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01569-00788180-00788699 Whereas in this paper, the theory turned out to be super-important and basically created Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01570-00788699-00789101 something that allowed GANs to work for the first time. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01571-00789101-00789661 So there's lots of stuff you can get out of these papers if you're interested. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01572-00789661-00790206 In terms of the notation, we might look at some of the notation a little bit more next Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01573-00790206-00790306 week. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01574-00790306-00792124 But if we look for example at the, let's see if we can find the algorithms sections. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01575-00792124-00792598 I think in general, the bit I find most useful, not being much of a math guy, is the bit when Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01576-00792598-00792698 they actually write the pseudo-code. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01577-00792698-00793449 Even that is useful to learn some kind of nomenclature. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01578-00793449-00794209 So for each iteration, for each step ... What does this mean, sample noise samples from Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01579-00794209-00794352 noise prior? Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01580-00794352-00795061 So there's a lot of probability nomenclature which you can very quickly translate. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01581-00795061-00795813 A prior simply means np.random.something. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01582-00795813-00796457 So in this case, probably like np.random.normal. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01583-00796457-00796906 This just means some random number generator that you get to pick. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01584-00796906-00797363 This one here, sample from a data generating distribution. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01585-00797363-00797649 That means randomly pick some stuff in your array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01586-00797649-00798424 So these are the two steps, generate some random numbers and then randomly select things Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01587-00798424-00798797 from your array. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01588-00798797-00799284 And the bit where it talks about the gradient you can kind of largely ignore, except the Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01589-00799284-00799517 bit in the middle is your loss function. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01590-00799517-00800536 So you can see here, these things here is your noise, so noise, generator on noise, Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01591-00800536-00800944 discriminator on generator on noise, so there's the bit where we're trying to fool the discriminator. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01592-00800944-00801384 And we're trying to make that trigger, that's why we do 1 minus. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01593-00801384-00801849 And then here's getting the discriminator to be accurate, because these x's is the real Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01594-00801849-00801989 data. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01595-00801989-00802525 So that's the math version of what we just learned. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01596-00802525-00803229 The Wasserstein GAN also has an algorithm section and so it's kind of interesting to Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01597-00803229-00803584 compare the two. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01598-00803584-00804178 So here we go, here's the Wasserstein GAN, here's the algorithm and basically this says Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01599-00804178-00804829 exactly the same thing as the last one said, but I actually find this one a bit clearer. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01600-00804829-00805265 Sample from the real data, sample from your priors. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01601-00805265-00805697 Hopefully that's enough to get going. Sj0Ge_PUT_Y-01602-00805697-00806132 Look forward to talking on the forums and see how everybody gets along. Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00000-00001476-00002100 this morning I'd like to talk with you about the doctrine of eyes in the fourth way there's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00001-00002100-00002676 obviously Doctrine and the doctrine of eyes is a basic doctrine of the fourth Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00002-00002676-00003162 way that everybody who finds out about the fourth way anybody who gets involved with Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00003-00003162-00003582 the system has to know pretty much right from the very beginning is this doctrine Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00004-00003582-00004194 of eyes so I thought we'd go over this how many eyes have we got in us ospensky once Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00005-00004194-00004944 asked and he went on to say have we 20 or 30 and then he said we have hundreds of thousands Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00006-00004944-00005640 the concept hundreds of thousands is difficult for us because essentially we consider ourselves to be Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00007-00005640-00006240 one eye I am me it's me but do you have different facets yes but they're different facets of me Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00008-00006306-00006845 I have different moods I have different thoughts I have different feelings but I'm still me I'm Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00009-00006845-00007512 still really one big eye who's really always the same and you can look at it from different sides Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00010-00007512-00008070 isn't that pretty much how we view ourselves and this is the problem the doctrine of eyes and the Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00011-00008070-00008766 Fourth Way says this is not so this is not the way it is at all that this is imaginary eye because of Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00012-00008766-00009504 the action of buffers we don't see these different eyes as distinct we simply see them as part of the Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00013-00009504-00010080 whole we retain our belief that we have only one eye that always acts and feels basically Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00014-00010080-00010710 in the same way when this happens it does this when that happens it does that if somebody is Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00015-00010710-00011436 unkind to it may get angry but it's patient and tolerant and forgiving that's who we are right Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00016-00011436-00011934 most of us don't look at ourselves like well who I am all the time most of the time is I'm just a Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00017-00011934-00012438 miserable curmudgeon who jumps down everybody's throat at every chance I get I'm sorry even if Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00018-00012438-00012888 you say you think that about yourself you're a liar because that's not how you really think Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00019-00012888-00013313 about yourself you may have a blip on the radar screen comes up once in a while and you think Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00020-00013313-00013728 oh I'm a terrible person but you don't really believe it because when somebody treats you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00021-00013728-00014280 like a terrible person you get offended that's usually a pretty sure indication that you don't Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00022-00014280-00014868 really believe that about yourself so this is imaginary eye that prevents us from changing Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00023-00014868-00015630 when asked if these eyes weren't imaginary he said eyes were real beings in us real persons ospensky Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00024-00015630-00016158 said this so somebody asked him well aren't aren't these eyes just imaginary he said oh no oh no the Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00025-00016158-00016842 eyes are not imaginary your imaginary the eyes are real the eyes are real persons really living Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00026-00016842-00017538 inside of you we have to get this idea out of our heads that an eye has to have a body they're not Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00027-00017538-00018114 little people living inside of you they are little identities living inside of you little egos living Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00028-00018114-00018846 inside of you each eye is a small living person in oneself each eye has a thinking emotional and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00029-00018846-00019470 moving part it has a center of gravity which may be more in one part than another part just like Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00030-00019470-00019932 everyone you know as a center of gravity that may be more in one part than another part some people Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00031-00019932-00020340 their center of gravity is in their thinking part some people their center of gravity is in their Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00032-00020340-00020976 feeling part some people their center of gravity is in their moving part how that would relate in Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00033-00020976-00021486 say a school setting is there are some students that a teacher would deal with intellectually some Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00034-00021486-00021984 students a teacher would deal with emotionally and some students a teacher would deal with in Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00035-00021984-00022494 a moving way in a tactile Way by touching or by getting the person up and moving and that Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00036-00022494-00022920 would be their best way of learning another person their best way of learning would be intellectual Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00037-00022920-00023292 another person their best way of learning would be something emotional that would impress them Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00038-00023292-00023832 emotionally and a good teacher would know that and then teach their students accordingly makes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00039-00023832-00024420 sense doesn't it you've taught your children so you know that each of them are different and you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00040-00024420-00024942 may have the same curriculum for them but you have to approach each one in a different way if you're Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00041-00024942-00025440 going to Be an Effective Teacher and if they're going to be effective students each eye is a Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00042-00025440-00026112 distinct being that takes charge of us speaking through our mouth calling itself I at different Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00043-00026112-00026952 times so here we have this person I call James Parkinson who thinks that he is one person and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00044-00026952-00027516 this doctrine of I says no he's not one person he's really a body and a psychology containing Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00045-00027516-00028116 hundreds of thousands of little people little eyes in there and whichever one happens to be in Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00046-00028116-00028674 control at the moment is the one that's using the mouth and saying whatever it's saying or feeling Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00047-00028674-00029195 whatever it's feeling or thinking whatever it's thinking some of these eyes are very harmful some Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00048-00029195-00029832 are indifferent and some are useful how do you know with your which we don't know and the reason Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00049-00029832-00030288 we don't know is because we don't even know they exist all you have right now is me saying they Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00050-00030288-00030845 exist until you have been able to verify this for yourself all you have is the belief the doctrine Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00051-00030845-00031410 and we know what good Doctrine is it's like no good at all if that's all you have and if you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00052-00031410-00031920 never do anything with it Doctrine is something that needs to be applied and verified if you don't Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00053-00031920-00032418 apply it and verify it then it becomes poisonous and eventually it will poison your whole body Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00054-00032418-00033012 it'll make you sick all moods feelings actions and words come from different eyes in yourself Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00055-00033090-00033672 we have no individuality we don't we don't like that people don't like to be told they have Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00056-00033672-00034176 no individuality it's like yes I do I'm unique there's no one else like me in the whole world Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00057-00034176-00034902 God made me and God doesn't make junk I'm a king's kid I am like a snowflake yes and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00058-00034902-00035502 I am like a fingerprint I'm individual there's nothing else in the universe like me yep you're Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00059-00035502-00035940 special just like everybody else so that's a big one to get past because we don't like Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00060-00035940-00036552 getting pissed having no individuality real eye big eye that controls all other eyes arranging Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00061-00036552-00037158 them in their right order doesn't really exist in us at this point how can we prove that no Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00062-00037158-00037638 mostly you can't keep your word mostly you can't do anything you say you're going to do something Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00063-00037638-00038064 like well I'm never going to speak to that person again well I'm never going to fall into that trap Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00064-00038064-00038448 again well I'm never going to do this well I'll never forgive that person can you really do that Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00065-00038514-00039006 and a lot of people think they can and you can think you can you can believe you can and you'll Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00066-00039006-00039462 believe it until you see that you don't and the only way you'll ever see that you don't is if you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00067-00039462-00039960 begin to question whether or not what you believe is true whether or not what you believe is real Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00068-00039960-00040500 and you'll never question that unless there's something inside of you that requires a little Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00069-00040500-00040896 bit more from Life something inside of you says there's got to be something more to life than Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00070-00040896-00041508 just this life there's got to be some other reason for existence than just going to work making money Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00071-00041508-00041940 coming home and spending it then going to work and making money coming home and spending it and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00072-00041940-00042414 trying to find something enjoyable about that and it's true The Whole World's doing it that's why Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00073-00042414-00042894 entertainment is so popular okay well I made the money now what should I do well you go spend it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00074-00042894-00043284 well I got enough shoes I got enough clothes I got the car I got the house I got this I got that now Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00075-00043284-00043962 what do I do with it well travel well why once you get there there you are or well go get entertained Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00076-00043962-00044550 go out to eat go to the movies go to a show go get entertained go to Las Vegas and get rid of some Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00077-00044550-00045078 of your money there or go to Las Vegas and get rid of all of your money there whatever it's easier to Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00078-00045078-00045738 observe eyes acting on thoughts at first observe that you think in a certain way about someone it's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00079-00045738-00046284 an eye that's thinking that you take as yourself think of a person some person well think of me Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00080-00046284-00046740 here I am standing in front of you can you see Can You observe that you think about me in a certain Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00081-00046740-00047244 way you think about me and you'll have certain thoughts and if you think about me often enough Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00082-00047244-00047808 you'll notice that those thoughts are repetitive there'll be categories he's really a great guy Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00083-00047808-00048468 he's really a jerk there'll be categories that those thoughts will fall into and In This Moment Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00084-00048468-00048948 well he's really a great guy today because he's really being a great guy he told me that my hair Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00085-00048948-00049446 looks nice he likes my pants he told me I was doing a good job or he smiled at me or he patted Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00086-00049446-00049938 me on the back or he hugged me he's a great guy but then there was the day that he told me that Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00087-00049938-00050418 I was ugly and my mother dressed me funny boy he was a real jerk that day he must have got up on Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00088-00050418-00050868 the wrong side of the bed so he's really a great guy but sometimes he gets in these moods and he's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00089-00050868-00051396 really not so great well he's a great guy to me but he treats Sybil like she's got six hits Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00090-00051396-00051810 [Music] Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00091-00051810-00052602 yeah Curtis got a good point when we think like that and we think well he's this he just got up Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00092-00052602-00053004 on the wrong side of the bed he's just in a mood he's just in a snit oh he's being nice today it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00093-00053004-00053574 keeps us from ever seeing what in US is receiving whatever stimulus we're getting from outside and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00094-00053574-00054090 how what in US is arranging it it gives us no responsibility whatsoever for what comes into Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00095-00054090-00054767 us which puts us in a very mechanical State yeah we receive it as if we have one eye but you have Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00096-00054767-00055398 many exactly we receive it as if we have one eye We Are One the same all the time but you are not Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00097-00055398-00056004 good point so we start off observing thoughts because that's the easiest to do when you don't Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00098-00056004-00056586 see this trick that's constantly being played on you we take the thoughts that we're having Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00099-00056586-00057120 as ourselves that's what I think well I think this well I think that so when we don't see this trick Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00100-00057120-00057462 that's being played on us there were really many different persons living in here there Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00101-00057462-00057954 are many different people living in here little people with individual personalities with their Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00102-00057954-00058524 own thoughts their own feelings and their own movements when we believe that we are one that's a Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00103-00058524-00059034 trick that's being played on us and then we think that whatever thoughts we're hearing in our heads Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00104-00059034-00059526 are our thoughts whatever voices we're hearing in our heads well that's my voice that's what I think Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00105-00059526-00060054 well that's what I feel we think I'm thinking this this is how I think but what we don't know Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00106-00060054-00060510 is that something is thinking for you and you're not thinking at all we hear these thoughts these Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00107-00060510-00061038 eyes as if we were thinking them the truth is we only think we think we're not really thinking and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00108-00061038-00061440 you've been able to observe this from time to time and I've said okay think about it and you can't Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00109-00061536-00062340 the idea is just too far above you and you cannot grasp it I can't reach it Miss Joshua would say Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00110-00062340-00062772 Joshua get that buck I can't reach it and what did that mean when Joshua remember that does anybody Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00111-00062772-00063191 remember that there was a bug on the floor and Connie said Joshua's a little guy a really little Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00112-00063191-00063816 guy I could hardly talk Connie said get that bug Josh he was afraid of the bug and it was about a Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00113-00063816-00064374 foot away from him I can't reach it and we thought that was really funny and what I can't reach it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00114-00064374-00064962 meant was I don't want to touch that bug that bug might hurt me and I don't want to touch that bug I Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00115-00064962-00065405 don't want to be hurt I don't want to be bitten or stung or get cooties or whatever bugs do I Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00116-00065405-00065904 don't want any part of it I can't reach it and he believed it he believed he couldn't reach it or Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00117-00065904-00066534 we believe that would work and that's the way we are we have all these beliefs and we buy into them Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00118-00066534-00067122 and one of the beliefs that we have bought into totally is that this imaginary eye is real I it's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00119-00067122-00067740 really me and what we find through observation is that's not the the way it is at all but it takes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00120-00067740-00068286 a long time to observe that and it takes an even longer time to realize it and to begin to operate Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00121-00068286-00068904 from it I think this is one of the greatest mistakes that we can make in this work well I Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00122-00068904-00069588 think is one of the greatest mistakes that we can make in this work because when we say well I think Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00123-00069588-00070296 I think this what we're doing is we're identifying with the little person the little I in there Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00124-00070296-00070806 that is doing the thinking at the moment we're identifying with that and once we've identified Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00125-00070806-00071526 with that we have given it all of our power it's like a king taking his ring which has the king's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00126-00071526-00072072 seal on it and giving it to somebody and saying there you go and that whoever that is goes out in Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00127-00072072-00072558 any place they put that seal that's the king's word and that's a law and that's the way it is Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00128-00072558-00073152 in that land that person is effectively the king of the land but then they only have it for a few Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00129-00073152-00073644 moments and then someone else gets the ring and the ring is like just tossed up into a crowd and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00130-00073644-00074064 whoever grabs it is the one that gets to seal something with it and that's the law right now Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00131-00074064-00074676 this is our condition there's a multitude within us and whoever gets the mouth has the king's seal Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00132-00074676-00075318 for the moment and whatever they get to say is law for the moment think about what people hear Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00133-00075318-00075780 from you they hear something from you and like that's what you think that's what they think Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00134-00075780-00076368 they think well that's what that person thinks that's who that person is is it rarely if ever Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00135-00076368-00076956 we'll say rarely because if I say no it's not it never is then you just get argumentative about Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00136-00076956-00077562 that and that doesn't help anybody we have to practice inner separation and it can't be done Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00137-00077562-00078186 when we're taking everything that happens in the sphere of thoughts as I you cannot practice inner Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00138-00078186-00078624 separation if every single thought that comes into your head you say well I think this because you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00139-00078624-00079026 see that you're identified with every thought that blows into your mind I've told you before remember Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00140-00079026-00079824 I used to say that our minds are like a playground and you know recess time the playground's full and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00141-00079824-00080274 then recess is over the playground is empty so then what happens when the playground is empty Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00142-00080274-00080826 well trash blows through the wind kicks up and papers flow through and cups and this and that and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00143-00080826-00081216 if we jump on one of them and saying oh this is me oh this is me oh this is what I think oh this Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00144-00081216-00081804 is what I feel and that's the condition that we're in when the playground is full whichever one we're Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00145-00081804-00082260 touching at the time that's me when the playground is empty then it's whatever blows through Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00146-00082332-00082884 because the playground is never really empty our minds are never really empty we're aware of what's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00147-00082884-00083484 going on in them or we're not most of the time we're not at any rate we are identifying with Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00148-00083484-00084072 whatever it is that's going on in there and that keeps us from ever being able to practice inner Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00149-00084072-00084876 separation eyes transmit feeling into the sphere of emotions eyes transmit thoughts into the sphere Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00150-00084876-00085638 of thinking eyes transmit feelings into the sphere of emotions now the problem with the feelings why Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00151-00085638-00086202 we start with thoughts is because they're easier to catch feelings are not easier to catch they're Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00152-00086202-00086688 harder to catch and the reason they're harder to catch is because feelings are injected into Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00153-00086688-00087282 the emotional sphere nearly directly there's very little thinking involved in it it's just Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00154-00087282-00087756 too fast for thoughts feelings are too fast for thoughts have you noticed that you can feel much Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00155-00087756-00088302 faster than you can think somebody says something you may not even know what they said you may not Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00156-00088302-00088866 be able to hear what they said but you have a gut reaction to it that didn't feel good what did you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00157-00088866-00089418 mean by that we may not even have heard the word words but we got the feeling that didn't feel good Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00158-00089418-00089958 the look on the person's face they had an angry look on their face and they said something and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00159-00089958-00090408 we got the feeling that we were in trouble we got the feeling that they were mad at us we got Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00160-00090408-00090864 the feeling that we weren't good enough we don't even know what they said so we had no thoughts Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00161-00090864-00091404 to back it up feelings operate quickly and they are independent most of the time from thoughts Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00162-00091404-00091866 so that's why we start with thinking they're direct and they hardly touch thinking at all Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00163-00091938-00092574 now some of these feelings can exhaust us some of them can make us lose confidence in ourselves some Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00164-00092574-00093318 of those feelings can make us depressed or low in spirit or like throwing in the towel giving up Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00165-00093318-00093804 just like I've had it I can't I'll never get to do this I've heard this from everybody over the Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00166-00093804-00094368 past few weeks I'm never gonna make it this stuff that they're too much there are too many eyes in Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00167-00094368-00094968 here I can't identify them all I can't stop them I don't have any power to do anything about this Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00168-00094968-00095460 and those are all feelings that are being injected into the emotional sphere but eyes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00169-00095526-00096264 so when the thoughts no longer work what does on the feelings when an eye says to Steve don't mess Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00170-00096264-00096768 with me I'll walk you out of here and Steve goes well Who you calling you you dummy if Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00171-00096768-00097254 you're calling me you then you're not me so you're already giving yourself away so that Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00172-00097254-00097866 I disappears for a while but then feelings don't then it starts to operate in feelings and then you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00173-00097866-00098280 feel like you're never going to make it and then you feel like you're powerless and then you feel Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00174-00098280-00098694 like there are too many of them then you feel like you're overwhelmed and then you feel like giving Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00175-00098694-00099222 up and then you feel depressed and then you feel like you have no confidence in yourself because Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00176-00099222-00100152 you can't do anything and so the battle continues exciting huh oh the funny thing is it's not funny Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00177-00100152-00100620 I guess these eyes that are acting on us are nourishing themselves at our expense all the Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00178-00100620-00101262 time that they're stealing our mouths stealing our feelings stealing our right to ourself they are Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00179-00101262-00101772 nourishing themselves let's say that there's an eye in here that well let's not say it there's an Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00180-00101772-00102408 eye in here that can sign checks it goes shopping because it feels depressed so it goes shopping Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00181-00102408-00103061 and it buys all this stupid useless stuff and it doesn't have the money for it but it signs a check Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00182-00103061-00103811 anyway writes the check signs it and signs my name to it then the check bounces and the bank calls me Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00183-00103811-00104226 up but that eye is nowhere to be found when it comes to answering the phone I have to answer Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00184-00104226-00104790 the phone which is this other eye this responsible eye or this eye that calls itself responsible and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00185-00104790-00105288 it calls the other one irresponsible it answers the phone and it says what do you mean I didn't Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00186-00105288-00105833 write a check like that and they say well here's the check your check's bounce try all this stuff Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00187-00105833-00106283 well somebody must have stole my checkbook well that's a forgery but it's sure enough it's your Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00188-00106283-00106788 signature or your credit card probably easier with a credit card people use their credit card and go Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00189-00106788-00107220 what's this for they get the bill go what's this for I don't remember this then they go to their Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00190-00107220-00107700 husband and wife hey you what did you do when it's actually they just can't remember which I Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00191-00107700-00108300 was using the credit card that day which I was on a binge that day we deal with food we do it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00192-00108300-00108900 with sex we do it with clothes we do it with I mean people are out there doing it all the time Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00193-00108972-00109464 it's what makes this Society keep going that's why what a consumer Society is all about Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00194-00109559-00110088 so we've got to practice this inner separation if we could remember ourselves always These Eyes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00195-00110088-00110700 could have no power over us as it is we hardly ever challenge them so they run our emotional Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00196-00110700-00111450 lives as we are in our current state we are not able to remember ourselves from time to time Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00197-00111450-00112140 during a day let alone all the time all day if you could remember yourself all day if you could Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00198-00112140-00112835 remember these eyes were vying for your mouth or control all day then you could separate from Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00199-00112835-00113532 them and say well no you're not going to get your way no but we can't and because we can't we have Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00200-00113532-00114072 this difficulty with this inner separation because they have power over us because we're identified Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00201-00114072-00114492 with them one of the things about the feelings now the thoughts are much easier to deal with one of Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00202-00114492-00114990 the things about the feelings is you can't tell when an eye has injected its feelings into your Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00203-00114990-00115854 emotional sphere unless you notice a sudden drop in your level of being or a sudden loss of force Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00204-00115854-00116526 suddenly you just feel oh I need a nap if we're quick enough we can catch it then if we can catch Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00205-00116526-00117083 it then we can do something about it but if we don't catch it then if we're not quick enough then Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00206-00117083-00117678 we've got problems These Eyes take possession and it could take us days to get rid of them we've got Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00207-00117678-00118259 to learn to walk within ourselves very carefully remember I saw that movie a long time ago Four Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00208-00118259-00118974 Feathers I think it was and in that movie one of the things that this Muslim guy says to this Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00209-00118974-00119658 English guy is you walk the earth too proudly and that made a huge impression on me because I Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00210-00119658-00120324 realized that we civilized man walks the Earth too proudly we do not have what we think we have we do Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00211-00120324-00120918 not possess the power that we think we possess every once in a while nature comes up with a Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00212-00120918-00121698 tornado a tsunami a hurricane a fire an earthquake a disaster and we realize we do not have the power Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00213-00121698-00122309 that we think we possess we are not the Arbiters of our destiny we are not in control of the planet Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00214-00122309-00122880 we are not who we think we are but look what has to happen for us to get there and then it's only Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00215-00122880-00123318 temporary because it doesn't take long for us to start thinking that we're in charge of everything Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00216-00123318-00124061 again and usually when we start cleaning up how many times have you missed it that loss that drop Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00217-00124061-00124661 in level or that sudden loss of force and then it took you days to snap out of it how many times Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00218-00124661-00125106 have you missed it when you could have caught it and you went down into the valley of the shadow Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00219-00125106-00125754 of death and it took you days to get out too many too many to count so we'd rather forget about it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00220-00125832-00126504 there's no use arguing with nasty eyes one moment of being asleep in a difficult situation lets Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00221-00126504-00126924 in this kind of eyes and then we see and feel everything in their own peculiar way Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00222-00126996-00127452 fall asleep for a moment in a difficult situation and they'll swamp you then we Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00223-00127452-00128040 see and feel everything in their own peculiar way all our work in this work is separating from Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00224-00128040-00128520 wrong eyes everything that we do is about one thing and one thing only how to separate from Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00225-00128520-00129011 these wrong eyes that are ruining our lives that are destroying our happiness that are destroying Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00226-00129011-00129611 the possibility of us waking up to this moment and to the miraculous realm in which we actually Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00227-00129611-00130296 could be living if we get out of our imaginations about Who We Are Who imaginary I says we are and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00228-00130296-00130824 who imaginary eyes as everyone else is and what everything is for it's all of our thoughts all of Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00229-00130824-00131352 our feelings everything that comes into US is all filtered by this imaginary eye so that we Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00230-00131352-00131874 have no idea what's real and what's not real all we have is what this imaginary eye says is real Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00231-00131874-00132420 and it changes its mind as many hundreds of thousands of times as there are little eyes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00232-00132420-00132912 that make it up to change their mind to change their position whoever's in charge at the moment Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00233-00132978-00133470 so this is essentially the doctrine of eyes that the work teaches we start first with thoughts and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00234-00133470-00133956 later with emotions a struggle begins in oneself between different eyes right eyes and wrong eyes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00235-00133956-00134598 and you all are into that struggle right now you have studied this way long enough to be into the Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00236-00134598-00135006 struggle there are right eyes and there are wrong eyes and you know what they are and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00237-00135006-00135462 the wrong eyes sometimes just overcome you and there's nothing you can do about it and sometimes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00238-00135462-00136044 the right eyes went out and at this point it appears to be just happening from time to time Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00239-00136044-00136536 but that's how it appears that's not the way it is your efforts are what I'm giving you the Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00240-00136536-00137052 opportunity to have the right eyes went out from time to time this work is a system of observation Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00241-00137052-00137556 that comes from conscious Humanity conscious humanity is very simply those who have gone Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00242-00137556-00138126 through the Battle of eyes and attained their goal they're the people who have gone before us who've Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00243-00138126-00138600 discovered this went through the Battle of eyes attained their goal and came out on the other side Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00244-00138600-00139356 whole one with real eye a real will a real ability to do there are people who have done that we look Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00245-00139356-00139872 at them as great Masters spiritual leaders those are the people who've done it they went through Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00246-00139872-00140418 the battle that you must go through if you want to get there where they are that's conscious Humanity Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00247-00140418-00141042 this system of observation comes from them if we make no effort to recall better States we're Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00248-00141042-00141678 going to be dragged down if when you experience this sudden loss this sudden drop if you make no Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00249-00141678-00142086 effort to recall a better State you're going to be dragged down at that point you've got to make Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00250-00142086-00142446 an effort to recall a better State you've got to reach for something higher you've got to reach Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00251-00142446-00142914 for the Rope that's hanging overhead that's your lifeline and that rope is this work these ideas Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00252-00142914-00143466 that you can get hold of one of these ideas it can be enough to keep you from being dragged down you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00253-00143466-00143952 may not be able to haul yourself up but at least you won't be dragged down and that sometimes Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00254-00143952-00144618 is the best that we can do it's our choice see this is the way it should be if we don't recall Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00255-00144618-00145164 a better state if we don't reach up and grab that rope then we should be dragged down if it were any Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00256-00145164-00145782 other way it would be wrong if it were any other way this wouldn't work if it were any other way Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00257-00145782-00146526 there would be no possibility for us to ever get to something whole something real Oneness it's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00258-00146526-00147240 our choice internally we have the power of choice if you're in a bad State you right now in the bad Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00259-00147240-00147882 State even have the Power of Choice you don't have to believe it you don't have to give total consent Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00260-00147882-00148722 to it you don't have to go completely with it you can say this will pass this is not I I have been Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00261-00148722-00149574 swamped by something I did give consent to it I find myself here in this stinking dark smelly Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00262-00149574-00150126 place but I don't want to be here even though there's nothing that I can do to get out of it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00263-00150126-00150594 I am not going to believe that there'll be this way forever I'm not going to give my consent to it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00264-00150594-00151116 I will not continue to believe what the thoughts and the feelings are telling me already you can Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00265-00151116-00151428 see that you've separated you're saying buff thoughts on the feelings not my thoughts and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00266-00151428-00151998 my feelings already you've separated already begun to become a little more free this is what I mean Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00267-00151998-00152676 by recalling a better State recalling the truth we can think one way or another when we can do Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00268-00152676-00153252 nothing we cannot believe or not give complete consent to the Invaders you can't do anything Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00269-00153252-00153708 about it if you're in it and you can't remember I've seen you in it I have been in it where Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00270-00153708-00154092 there's nothing I could do about it it's just like I was in it and I was helpless I could not Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00271-00154092-00154632 pull myself out then don't give complete consent to it don't believe in it totally don't give any Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00272-00154632-00155184 more power to the Invaders that have already taken you captive that's the beginning that's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00273-00155184-00155628 what we can do be patient with yourself when you realize that you're all wrong but you don't know Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00274-00155628-00156270 how to get out just be patient with yourself bring the puppy back lighten up this will pass this will Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00275-00156270-00156870 not last forever if you will separate from it if you will look at it and say wait a second this Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00276-00156870-00157404 isn't me I'm stuck in this I've fallen into this pit I may not be able to climb out right now but Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00277-00157404-00157902 if I wait here help will come if I will wait here quietly if I will not thrash around and Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00278-00157902-00158580 try and do all this other stuff and not give up help will come yeah it's a good feeling isn't it Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00279-00158580-00159084 after a time you get into a better state if you don't give consent and to believe everything that Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00280-00159084-00159528 you're being told and everything you feel that's the trick man don't believe everything you told Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00281-00159528-00160062 don't believe every thought you have don't believe every feeling you have and say I to it don't own Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00282-00160062-00160500 everything that comes into your head or into your sphere of emotions or in your sphere of thinking Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00283-00160584-00161052 when we realize beyond the shadow of a doubt that we have different eyes in us and yet Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00284-00161052-00161622 we remain separate from them then we begin to understand this work on a practical side that's Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00285-00161622-00162198 the Practical side of this the intellectual side the doctrinal side we talked about the Practical Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00286-00162198-00162840 side is when you actually can begin to realize Beyond any doubt that you are not one that you Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00287-00162840-00163338 are many that you are just filled with hundreds of thousands of different eyes like little people Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00288-00163338-00163854 with their own will with their own wants with their own Thoughts with their own feelings with Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00289-00163854-00164496 their own desires with their own agendas and you can remain separate from them you can back away Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00290-00164496-00164958 and look at them then you've begun to get with the Practical side of this work is about you've had Sj-HIw2Z1S8-00291-00164958-00165492 glimpses of it you've had moments where you could it's a beginning it's where we start take heart T0g9Z3s16sQ-00000-00004865-00005104 Hyperlink T0g9Z3s16sQ-00001-00006541-00006743 Hey, my love. I just arrived... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00002-00006772-00007246 I arrived at twelve and something at the airport, babe. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00003-00007279-00007593 I did very well, I almost lost my bags T0g9Z3s16sQ-00004-00007673-00007940 I don't know how I will get them back. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00005-00008019-00008617 The city is very beautiful, the public transport, babe, everything is very very very beautiful T0g9Z3s16sQ-00006-00008640-00009071 I loved it. And that's it, my love. I arrived to the house that is very nice... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00007-00009094-00009733 It is an apartment and I think it is on the center of the city... I think T0g9Z3s16sQ-00008-00009733-00010337 And it is very nice. There's a University in front of it. And it is very nice, very very beautiful. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00009-00010362-00010860 Mi negrita, and... I don't know... Now that i'm here I will meet meet goals T0g9Z3s16sQ-00010-00010969-00011796 I will meet my dreams, and do what I came to do, basically, babe. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00011-00011854-00012308 Mi negrita, I hope you have a beautiful night. I love you so much, and let's talk T0g9Z3s16sQ-00012-00012308-00012761 tomorrow via Skype. I love you, babe. I love you. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00013-00014545-00014774 My love... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00014-00015136-00015286 Love, Do you hear me? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00015-00015542-00015769 My love... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00016-00015935-00016159 I don't see you... Now I do! T0g9Z3s16sQ-00017-00016159-00016441 - I do hear you! - How are you? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00018-00016441-00016677 - It was a test. - How are you, my love? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00019-00016983-00017318 - I'm doing ok, love. How about you? - My love... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00020-00017318-00017757 - I hear you after a while... I mean, you speak here, and then you speak in the screen. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00021-00017790-00018341 - It is something... - Well, now it is Ok. Forget it! Forget it! T0g9Z3s16sQ-00022-00018416-00018852 - It is now fixed... How are you? - Negrita, How are you? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00023-00018920-00019411 - Very well, babe. How about you? How are you? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00024-00019411-00019695 - What? - How are you? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00025-00019870-00020475 - I'm about to punch the computer... - Why? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00026-00020596-00020903 - But fine. - Why? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00027-00022207-00022369 Hey, babe. Good evening. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00028-00022400-00022872 I hope you're doing fine, Negrita. Hey, I got a job! T0g9Z3s16sQ-00029-00022872-00023352 And now I can get the legal papers... well, I can start to do the paperwork, T0g9Z3s16sQ-00030-00023352-00023935 And now, having the definitive permanence, I could get more opportunities for better things... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00031-00023982-00024400 And do things that I was not able to do back in Colombia. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00032-00024459-00024873 And I even bought a basketball! I have been playing these last days. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00033-00024911-00025636 I have been having fun, and I remembered when... I was your basketball teacher for, like, one day. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00034-00025686-00025872 And that was when I met you. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00035-00026423-00026795 - ...Or that you started at 7 in the morning. - No... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00036-00026940-00027763 - Because, look, calculating, my love... I go to bed at 3am because I talk with you. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00037-00027787-00028351 - So those are... "3, 4, 5, 6, 7", four hours! - But we don't talk until 3, but until 12. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00038-00028397-00028649 - No, that's Impossible. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00039-00028696-00029191 I woke up, I took a shower, I ate breakfast, then I went to Susi's house to study. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00040-00029213-00029668 - Then Carol Joined us and we had lunch - What did you have for lunch, mi negrita? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00041-00029787-00030326 - Black beans with rice and meat... and a salad. - Delicious! T0g9Z3s16sQ-00042-00030408-00031086 - ... But nothing compares to my mom's blackberry juice. - No, nothing like my mom's blackberry juice. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00043-00031180-00031530 - ... Is that, when it's 11 o'clock here, it's 1 in the morning there. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00044-00031555-00032051 - Yes... that's the big problem. But, babe, I love talking with you, so... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00045-00032250-00032693 - But I think that it is better for you to sleep. - But I prefer to talk with you. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00046-00033751-00034013 Hey, babe. I just arrived from work. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00047-00034075-00034809 I had a very hard day, I got home too late and now I will start to study. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00048-00034922-00035246 I want to be a big boy now. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00049-00035364-00035839 And, my love, I don't know... This city is making me tired. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00050-00035839-00036258 It is super fast... People seems to be always in a hurry. Very very hurried. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00051-00036370-00037114 So, I have to adapt myself to... the rhythm of this city, my love. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00052-00039792-00039951 Your hair is about to catch fire, Joan. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00053-00041383-00041803 - Happy birthday, mi negrito - Mi negrito! T0g9Z3s16sQ-00054-00041824-00042324 Happy birthday to you... ...Have a happy birthday T0g9Z3s16sQ-00055-00042375-00042774 - Birthday! - Oh, I forgot a part, well, but... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00056-00042794-00043452 - I wish you keep on celebrating - Until the year 3000! T0g9Z3s16sQ-00057-00043516-00044849 - One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00058-00044888-00045655 - Eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00059-00045655-00046340 Eighteen, nineteen! - I'm done, babe. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00060-00047792-00048047 Hey, babe. I just arrived from outside. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00061-00048185-00048714 And I got an offer to be the boss at the shop where I am working. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00062-00048788-00049278 I also have to take the admission test for college. I need to study a little more, and... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00063-00049298-00049680 I think that being the boss at the shop is taking me a lot of time. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00064-00049713-00050211 And things are getting more complicated because... It is with indefinite time. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00065-00050281-00051070 If I accept, we have to wait more time to see each other and I don't want that, my love. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00066-00051135-00051754 I miss you a lot, babe. I want to see you. I don't know what to do, my love. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00067-00054333-00054891 My love... my love, I... I'm laying in my bed, I... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00068-00054997-00055469 I think I'm going to sleep soon. Well, I don't know, I don't think I can actually sleep. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00069-00055490-00055859 I'm not feeling very well. I'm feeling very bad. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00070-00056101-00056717 And... I dont' know, and... I don't know, my love. I'm not feeling ok. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00071-00056991-00057336 I miss you, my love. I need you so much. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00072-00057416-00057783 I love you... I love you very much. I love you. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00073-00057923-00058318 I hope you have fun. That you have a great day tomorrow. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00074-00058422-00058694 I hope you can rest. Have fun. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00075-00058866-00059017 Bye, my love. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00076-00062946-00063564 My love... and that image about giving up... what was that? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00077-00064512-00064757 Have you ever thought about giving up? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00078-00065066-00065157 Sometimes. T0g9Z3s16sQ-00079-00065237-00065381 And why? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00080-00065852-00066245 I don't know... Sometimes I feel little things. - You feel what? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00081-00066420-00066867 I feel little things. - For my mistakes? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00082-00067039-00067376 - No... - So, what are you talking about? T0g9Z3s16sQ-00083-00068748-00068924 Tell me, negra... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00084-00071164-00071293 My love... T0g9Z3s16sQ-00085-00071476-00071973 I'm not so sure about them right now... - But it is because of my mistakes, right? T0xjKIHmr7U-00000-00000000-00000269 when I remember summer festivals [Music] T1N6g-1lY9M-00000-00000006-00000083 Korobka T4yl8xgGPGE-00000-00000000-00000400 PLS SUBSCRIBE AND LIKE HIT THE NOTIFICATION T4YDHfI3uh8-00000-00001029-00001575 Donald Trump Just Gave a DIRE Warning to America�We are ALL in Trouble! T4YDHfI3uh8-00001-00001575-00001747 By Danny Gold. T4YDHfI3uh8-00002-00001747-00002101 Donald Trump wants America to become safe again. T4YDHfI3uh8-00003-00002101-00002567 He wants us to have jobs, opportunities, families, and happiness. T4YDHfI3uh8-00004-00002567-00002977 But, before he can do that he needs you all to know one HUGE Fact� T4YDHfI3uh8-00005-00002977-00003543 �YOU KNOW, IF YOU HAVE SOMETHING REALLY IMPORTANT, WRITE IT OUT AND HAVE IT DELIVERED T4YDHfI3uh8-00006-00003543-00003821 BY COURIER, THE OLD-FASHIONED WAY. T4YDHfI3uh8-00007-00003821-00004160 BECAUSE I�LL TELL YOU WHAT: NO COMPUTER IS SAFE.� T4YDHfI3uh8-00008-00004160-00004665 Trump, who was talking to reporters during his New Years Eve party, was discussing the T4YDHfI3uh8-00009-00004665-00005182 Russian hacking allegations when he dropped the major bombshell on America. T4YDHfI3uh8-00010-00005182-00005658 Trump was pointing out the fact that the Russian hacking charges that Obama is ready to re-start T4YDHfI3uh8-00011-00005658-00005994 the Cold War over are unreliable at best. T4YDHfI3uh8-00012-00005994-00006533 First of all, it does not take a genius hacking network to hack an email network by using T4YDHfI3uh8-00013-00006533-00006709 phishing emails. T4YDHfI3uh8-00014-00006709-00007123 Not only that but REAL hackers are almost impossible to track without catching them T4YDHfI3uh8-00015-00007123-00007234 in the act. T4YDHfI3uh8-00016-00007234-00007750 It�s amazing that the CIA takes YEARS to figure out who runs the website Pirate Bay T4YDHfI3uh8-00017-00007750-00008134 but discovered Russia in just a week, don�t you think? T4YDHfI3uh8-00018-00008134-00008528 And not to mention that MOST foreign hacking is straight from Beijing. T4YDHfI3uh8-00019-00008528-00009113 So, while you can�t give up the internet, you should listen to Donald Trump�s words. T4YDHfI3uh8-00020-00009113-00009577 Important documents are NOT safe on computers and especially emails. T4YDHfI3uh8-00021-00009577-00010078 Share Trump�s message to all the people you know and love to keep them safe too. T4YDHfI3uh8-00022-00010078-00011447 See Trump's announcement video from the link in the article below T4YDHfI3uh8-00023-00011447-00011500 in our description. T5pR1tgo9Yk-00000-00001026-00001571 In this video we will take a look on how to use the command line interface in linux. T5pR1tgo9Yk-00001-00001571-00002122 The command line interface can be accessed via ssh for a remote server or via the terminal if T5pR1tgo9Yk-00002-00002122-00002370 you have local access to the machine. T5pR1tgo9Yk-00003-00002398-00002710 The first thing you should get used to is the man page. T5pR1tgo9Yk-00004-00002710-00003174 Every command on linux has kind of an operating manual which can be accessed T5pR1tgo9Yk-00005-00003182-00003739 by typing m a n and the name of the command separated by blank. In this example I will T5pR1tgo9Yk-00006-00003739-00004309 show you how to copy files. For this purpose I use the command c p. The manpage shows you T5pR1tgo9Yk-00007-00004309-00004620 that you have to give a source file and a destination. T5pR1tgo9Yk-00008-00005156-00005546 The command p w d shows me the path there I am located. l s shows the content of the directory. With c d I can change the T5pR1tgo9Yk-00009-00005550-00006092 l s shows the content of the directory. With c d I can change the directory. T5pR1tgo9Yk-00010-00006500-00006986 In my downloads folder I create a file called usefulvid which I copy now on T5pR1tgo9Yk-00011-00006986-00007336 a second file called usefulvid_copy. T5pR1tgo9Yk-00012-00008696-00009220 This is it. You have now learned how to access the manpage of a command and how to copy files T5pR1tgo9Yk-00013-00009220-00009374 with the linux command line. T8fsgF013EA-00000-00002688-00002788 00:26 T8fsgF013EA-00001-00002788-00002888 anyway thanks for joining us on today's T8fsgF013EA-00002-00002888-00002988 00:28 T8fsgF013EA-00003-00002988-00003101 video listen man in my opinion there are T8fsgF013EA-00004-00003101-00003201 00:30 T8fsgF013EA-00005-00003201-00003301 some great sport cars out there but T8fsgF013EA-00006-00003301-00003401 00:32 T8fsgF013EA-00007-00003401-00003501 there are not a lot of great daily T8fsgF013EA-00008-00003501-00003601 00:34 T8fsgF013EA-00009-00003601-00003701 driver exotics and I say that's you know T8fsgF013EA-00010-00003701-00003801 00:36 T8fsgF013EA-00011-00003801-00003901 only with because I love cars so much I T8fsgF013EA-00012-00003901-00004001 00:38 T8fsgF013EA-00013-00004001-00004104 think about driving a Bentley T8fsgF013EA-00014-00004104-00004204 00:40 T8fsgF013EA-00015-00004204-00004304 convertible like that's a great car but T8fsgF013EA-00016-00004304-00004404 00:42 T8fsgF013EA-00017-00004404-00004504 you know that's a lot to be moving T8fsgF013EA-00018-00004504-00004604 00:44 T8fsgF013EA-00019-00004604-00004704 around all the time as your daily car T8fsgF013EA-00020-00004704-00004804 00:46 T8fsgF013EA-00021-00004804-00004904 getting in and out in and out in and out T8fsgF013EA-00022-00004904-00005004 00:47 T8fsgF013EA-00023-00005004-00005282 or drive in maybe an Aventador or you T8fsgF013EA-00024-00005282-00005382 00:53 T8fsgF013EA-00025-00005382-00005482 know something super exotic like that T8fsgF013EA-00026-00005482-00005582 00:54 T8fsgF013EA-00027-00005582-00005682 we're parking and you get the doors and T8fsgF013EA-00028-00005682-00005782 00:56 T8fsgF013EA-00029-00005782-00005882 try to get in and out because you're T8fsgF013EA-00030-00005882-00005982 00:57 T8fsgF013EA-00031-00005982-00006082 laying on the ground and what-have-you T8fsgF013EA-00032-00006082-00006182 00:59 T8fsgF013EA-00033-00006182-00006282 this is a game-changer for all of that T8fsgF013EA-00034-00006282-00006382 01:01 T8fsgF013EA-00035-00006382-00006481 this is the world's greatest selling T8fsgF013EA-00036-00006481-00006581 01:03 T8fsgF013EA-00037-00006581-00006681 exotic daily sports car ever built and T8fsgF013EA-00038-00006681-00006781 01:06 T8fsgF013EA-00039-00006781-00006881 on top of it if you haven't really T8fsgF013EA-00040-00006881-00006981 01:08 T8fsgF013EA-00041-00006981-00007098 experienced in 911 and the only reason T8fsgF013EA-00042-00007098-00007198 01:10 T8fsgF013EA-00043-00007198-00007298 I'm telling you all this is because I T8fsgF013EA-00044-00007298-00007398 01:12 T8fsgF013EA-00045-00007398-00007520 did not understand these cars I thought T8fsgF013EA-00046-00007520-00007620 01:15 T8fsgF013EA-00047-00007620-00007722 they were polished Volkswagen Beetle I T8fsgF013EA-00048-00007722-00007822 01:17 T8fsgF013EA-00049-00007822-00007922 said you know what this is a Volkswagen T8fsgF013EA-00050-00007922-00008022 01:18 T8fsgF013EA-00051-00008022-00008122 Beetle it's way overpriced T8fsgF013EA-00052-00008122-00008222 01:20 T8fsgF013EA-00053-00008222-00008371 no way is this thing gonna be great I T8fsgF013EA-00054-00008371-00008471 01:23 T8fsgF013EA-00055-00008471-00008613 have to tell you what man completely T8fsgF013EA-00056-00008613-00008713 01:25 T8fsgF013EA-00057-00008713-00008821 changed my mind and this example right T8fsgF013EA-00058-00008821-00008921 01:28 T8fsgF013EA-00059-00008921-00009034 here we're gonna walk around and talk T8fsgF013EA-00060-00009034-00009134 01:30 T8fsgF013EA-00061-00009134-00009234 about some of the stuff that's on it but T8fsgF013EA-00062-00009234-00009334 01:31 T8fsgF013EA-00063-00009334-00009434 what tripped me up was I just looked up T8fsgF013EA-00064-00009434-00009534 01:33 T8fsgF013EA-00065-00009534-00009660 before we did the video how much is a 20 T8fsgF013EA-00066-00009660-00009760 01:36 T8fsgF013EA-00067-00009760-00009876 20 that we're doing the video today how T8fsgF013EA-00068-00009876-00009976 01:38 T8fsgF013EA-00069-00009976-00010304 much a new 20 20 base base 911 with just T8fsgF013EA-00070-00010304-00010404 01:42 T8fsgF013EA-00071-00010404-00010504 some leather seats and that's it no T8fsgF013EA-00072-00010504-00010604 01:45 T8fsgF013EA-00073-00010604-00010784 upgraded wheels no heated seats no T8fsgF013EA-00074-00010784-00010884 01:47 T8fsgF013EA-00075-00010884-00010984 navigation none of the other nice things T8fsgF013EA-00076-00010984-00011084 01:49 T8fsgF013EA-00077-00011084-00011184 that are on this car right here one T8fsgF013EA-00078-00011184-00011284 01:51 T8fsgF013EA-00079-00011284-00011403 hundred thousand dollars for a base car T8fsgF013EA-00080-00011403-00011503 01:53 T8fsgF013EA-00081-00011503-00011882 c4s 140 now come on man a turbo is T8fsgF013EA-00082-00011882-00011982 01:58 T8fsgF013EA-00083-00011982-00012109 almost two hundred thousand two hundred T8fsgF013EA-00084-00012109-00012209 02:00 T8fsgF013EA-00085-00012209-00012309 thousand you throw some options on a T8fsgF013EA-00086-00012309-00012409 02:02 T8fsgF013EA-00087-00012409-00012509 turbo and you're over two hundred T8fsgF013EA-00088-00012509-00012609 02:03 T8fsgF013EA-00089-00012609-00012709 thousand these cars have gotten T8fsgF013EA-00090-00012709-00012809 02:05 T8fsgF013EA-00091-00012809-00012909 ridiculously expensive and that's why T8fsgF013EA-00092-00012909-00013009 02:07 T8fsgF013EA-00093-00013009-00013109 these right here are such a great buy T8fsgF013EA-00094-00013109-00013209 02:09 T8fsgF013EA-00095-00013209-00013309 the 19-inch alloys on here Michelin's on T8fsgF013EA-00096-00013309-00013409 02:12 T8fsgF013EA-00097-00013409-00013509 there and the reason i bring up the T8fsgF013EA-00098-00013509-00013609 02:14 T8fsgF013EA-00099-00013609-00013709 michelin is that's how actually how I T8fsgF013EA-00100-00013709-00013809 02:15 T8fsgF013EA-00101-00013809-00013909 buy cars I start with the tire so you T8fsgF013EA-00102-00013909-00014009 02:17 T8fsgF013EA-00103-00014009-00014109 say well tone why do you start with the T8fsgF013EA-00104-00014109-00014209 02:18 T8fsgF013EA-00105-00014209-00014309 tires on the car they say you know what T8fsgF013EA-00106-00014309-00014409 02:19 T8fsgF013EA-00107-00014409-00014509 if it's my baby I'm gonna put the very T8fsgF013EA-00108-00014509-00014609 02:22 T8fsgF013EA-00109-00014609-00014709 best tire so I can put on the car right T8fsgF013EA-00110-00014709-00014809 02:23 T8fsgF013EA-00111-00014809-00014909 I'm not gonna overpay for them but I'm T8fsgF013EA-00112-00014909-00015009 02:25 T8fsgF013EA-00113-00015009-00015109 gonna put great tires on it if it's a T8fsgF013EA-00114-00015109-00015209 02:26 T8fsgF013EA-00115-00015209-00015309 least turn in and I'm just getting ready T8fsgF013EA-00116-00015309-00015409 02:28 T8fsgF013EA-00117-00015409-00015509 to flip it and get rid of it right I'm T8fsgF013EA-00118-00015509-00015609 02:30 T8fsgF013EA-00119-00015609-00015709 putting the cheapest Chinese tires I can T8fsgF013EA-00120-00015709-00015809 02:32 T8fsgF013EA-00121-00015809-00015909 find on there just so it passes T8fsgF013EA-00122-00015909-00016009 02:33 T8fsgF013EA-00123-00016009-00016109 inspection and I don't get dinged when I T8fsgF013EA-00124-00016109-00016209 02:35 T8fsgF013EA-00125-00016209-00016309 when I turn the car in so that's where I T8fsgF013EA-00126-00016309-00016409 02:37 T8fsgF013EA-00127-00016409-00016509 start with all my cars on tires T8fsgF013EA-00128-00016509-00016609 02:39 T8fsgF013EA-00129-00016609-00016709 I know somebody cared about the car T8fsgF013EA-00130-00016709-00016809 02:41 T8fsgF013EA-00131-00016809-00016909 alright so Porsche paint quality very T8fsgF013EA-00132-00016909-00017009 02:42 T8fsgF013EA-00133-00017009-00017109 very nice they take some serious pride T8fsgF013EA-00134-00017109-00017209 02:44 T8fsgF013EA-00135-00017209-00017309 in building these cars these cars I've T8fsgF013EA-00136-00017309-00017409 02:47 T8fsgF013EA-00137-00017409-00017509 had cars with over a hundred thousand T8fsgF013EA-00138-00017509-00017609 02:49 T8fsgF013EA-00139-00017609-00017709 miles on them and 30 years old and T8fsgF013EA-00140-00017709-00017809 02:51 T8fsgF013EA-00141-00017809-00017909 they're still solid and tight inside T8fsgF013EA-00142-00017909-00018009 02:53 T8fsgF013EA-00143-00018009-00018109 anyway I get up I get all distracted and T8fsgF013EA-00144-00018109-00018209 02:57 T8fsgF013EA-00145-00018209-00018309 what-have-you but look how clear that is T8fsgF013EA-00146-00018309-00018409 02:58 T8fsgF013EA-00147-00018409-00018509 you can read every letter beautifully T8fsgF013EA-00148-00018509-00018609 03:02 T8fsgF013EA-00149-00018609-00018709 nice and crisp but that's what you want T8fsgF013EA-00150-00018709-00018809 03:03 T8fsgF013EA-00151-00018809-00018909 not that you can see the letters but you T8fsgF013EA-00152-00018909-00019009 03:05 T8fsgF013EA-00153-00019009-00019109 can see every letter alright so when I T8fsgF013EA-00154-00019109-00019209 03:07 T8fsgF013EA-00155-00019209-00019309 say a practical car and exotic here's T8fsgF013EA-00156-00019309-00019409 03:09 T8fsgF013EA-00157-00019409-00019509 what some of the reasons why first off T8fsgF013EA-00158-00019509-00019609 03:10 T8fsgF013EA-00159-00019609-00019709 this is beautifully finished in here CD T8fsgF013EA-00160-00019709-00019809 03:13 T8fsgF013EA-00161-00019809-00019909 changer if you wanted that also the T8fsgF013EA-00162-00019909-00020009 03:15 T8fsgF013EA-00163-00020009-00020109 computers in there as well batteries T8fsgF013EA-00164-00020109-00020209 03:17 T8fsgF013EA-00165-00020209-00020309 right here okay T8fsgF013EA-00166-00020309-00020409 03:18 T8fsgF013EA-00167-00020409-00020509 there's room for huge amounts of storage T8fsgF013EA-00168-00020509-00020609 03:21 T8fsgF013EA-00169-00020609-00020709 here like soft bags and then the T8fsgF013EA-00170-00020709-00020809 03:23 T8fsgF013EA-00171-00020809-00020909 backseat you can throw more stuff in T8fsgF013EA-00172-00020909-00021009 03:25 T8fsgF013EA-00173-00021009-00021109 there or if you want to they fold down T8fsgF013EA-00174-00021109-00021209 03:26 T8fsgF013EA-00175-00021209-00021309 and give you all this great-looking T8fsgF013EA-00176-00021309-00021409 03:28 T8fsgF013EA-00177-00021409-00021509 coupe likes look but also room for T8fsgF013EA-00178-00021509-00021609 03:31 T8fsgF013EA-00179-00021609-00021709 storage too and Angie's just a minute T8fsgF013EA-00180-00021709-00021809 03:33 T8fsgF013EA-00181-00021809-00021909 ago said we're gonna go look at the T8fsgF013EA-00182-00021909-00022009 03:35 T8fsgF013EA-00183-00022009-00022109 storage so she was headed that way and I T8fsgF013EA-00184-00022109-00022209 03:37 T8fsgF013EA-00185-00022209-00022309 said oh my god they stole the engine T8fsgF013EA-00186-00022309-00022409 03:39 T8fsgF013EA-00187-00022409-00022509 anyway it was pretty funny at the time T8fsgF013EA-00188-00022509-00022609 03:41 T8fsgF013EA-00189-00022609-00022709 hopefully it's still funny down and - T8fsgF013EA-00190-00022709-00022809 03:43 T8fsgF013EA-00191-00022809-00022909 close the hood so you don't get T8fsgF013EA-00192-00022909-00023009 03:44 T8fsgF013EA-00193-00023009-00023109 handprints all over it the trick is on T8fsgF013EA-00194-00023109-00023209 03:46 T8fsgF013EA-00195-00023209-00023309 the emblem that's it boom alright so the T8fsgF013EA-00196-00023309-00023409 03:50 T8fsgF013EA-00197-00023409-00023509 spoiler here we put this up just so you T8fsgF013EA-00198-00023509-00023609 03:51 T8fsgF013EA-00199-00023609-00023709 can see it because 99% of time it's T8fsgF013EA-00200-00023709-00023809 03:53 T8fsgF013EA-00201-00023809-00023909 gonna come up and down up and down up T8fsgF013EA-00202-00023909-00024009 03:54 T8fsgF013EA-00203-00024009-00024109 and down because it's motorized it's T8fsgF013EA-00204-00024109-00024209 03:56 T8fsgF013EA-00205-00024209-00024309 based on speed right around 70 miles an T8fsgF013EA-00206-00024309-00024409 03:57 T8fsgF013EA-00207-00024409-00024509 hour this comes up pushes the rear end T8fsgF013EA-00208-00024509-00024609 04:00 T8fsgF013EA-00209-00024609-00024709 down so what for some high speed driving T8fsgF013EA-00210-00024709-00024809 04:02 T8fsgF013EA-00211-00024809-00024909 you get some stability and you don't get T8fsgF013EA-00212-00024909-00025009 04:03 T8fsgF013EA-00213-00025009-00025109 air underneath the car and lift the car T8fsgF013EA-00214-00025109-00025209 04:05 T8fsgF013EA-00215-00025209-00025309 and handles much better I just wanted to T8fsgF013EA-00216-00025309-00025409 04:06 T8fsgF013EA-00217-00025409-00025509 see what it looks like but when you're T8fsgF013EA-00218-00025509-00025608 04:07 T8fsgF013EA-00219-00025608-00025708 in the car the rear view mirror doesn't T8fsgF013EA-00220-00025708-00025808 04:09 T8fsgF013EA-00221-00025808-00025908 see it it can't see it so you don't know T8fsgF013EA-00222-00025908-00026008 04:11 T8fsgF013EA-00223-00026008-00026108 what it's up or not it looks great but T8fsgF013EA-00224-00026108-00026208 04:13 T8fsgF013EA-00225-00026208-00026308 you can drive around with it up there's T8fsgF013EA-00226-00026308-00026408 04:14 T8fsgF013EA-00227-00026408-00026508 a switch on the left side kick panel T8fsgF013EA-00228-00026508-00026608 04:15 T8fsgF013EA-00229-00026608-00026708 right there and you can either leave it T8fsgF013EA-00230-00026708-00026808 04:17 T8fsgF013EA-00231-00026808-00026908 up or leave it in automatic mode and T8fsgF013EA-00232-00026908-00027008 04:19 T8fsgF013EA-00233-00027008-00027108 it'll do its thing so secondly this is T8fsgF013EA-00234-00027108-00027208 04:23 T8fsgF013EA-00235-00027208-00027308 kind of cool that a lot of people don't T8fsgF013EA-00236-00027308-00027408 04:25 T8fsgF013EA-00237-00027408-00027508 know that there's a third brake light T8fsgF013EA-00238-00027508-00027608 04:27 T8fsgF013EA-00239-00027608-00027708 right here okay also a third brake light T8fsgF013EA-00240-00027708-00027808 04:29 T8fsgF013EA-00241-00027808-00027908 mounted inside the spoiler because the T8fsgF013EA-00242-00027908-00028008 04:31 T8fsgF013EA-00243-00028008-00028108 spoiler comes up and blocks the third T8fsgF013EA-00244-00028108-00028208 04:33 T8fsgF013EA-00245-00028208-00028308 brake light and this one takes over a T8fsgF013EA-00246-00028308-00028408 04:34 T8fsgF013EA-00247-00028408-00028508 little trick little tip huh T8fsgF013EA-00248-00028508-00028608 04:36 T8fsgF013EA-00249-00028608-00028708 that I just learned myself everything is T8fsgF013EA-00250-00028708-00028808 04:38 T8fsgF013EA-00251-00028808-00028908 fairly easy to get to here because T8fsgF013EA-00252-00028908-00029008 04:40 T8fsgF013EA-00253-00029008-00029108 you're not really gonna work on this car T8fsgF013EA-00254-00029108-00029208 04:41 T8fsgF013EA-00255-00029208-00029308 right oil dipstick coolant washer fluid T8fsgF013EA-00256-00029308-00029408 04:44 T8fsgF013EA-00257-00029408-00029508 stuff like that T8fsgF013EA-00258-00029508-00029608 04:46 T8fsgF013EA-00259-00029608-00029708 I wash it a little front but anyway the T8fsgF013EA-00260-00029708-00029808 04:48 T8fsgF013EA-00261-00029808-00029908 other accoutrements T8fsgF013EA-00262-00029908-00030008 04:50 T8fsgF013EA-00263-00030008-00030108 you know those products in here and then T8fsgF013EA-00264-00030108-00030208 04:52 T8fsgF013EA-00265-00030208-00030308 the T8fsgF013EA-00266-00030308-00030408 04:52 T8fsgF013EA-00267-00030408-00030508 vehicles are service underneath there's T8fsgF013EA-00268-00030508-00030608 04:54 T8fsgF013EA-00269-00030608-00030708 a nice little flat pan that as soon as T8fsgF013EA-00270-00030708-00030808 04:56 T8fsgF013EA-00271-00030808-00030908 you take the pan off everything is T8fsgF013EA-00272-00030908-00031008 04:58 T8fsgF013EA-00273-00031008-00031108 exposed you can get it to everything and T8fsgF013EA-00274-00031108-00031208 04:59 T8fsgF013EA-00275-00031208-00031308 see how nice it is there all right all T8fsgF013EA-00276-00031308-00031408 05:02 T8fsgF013EA-00277-00031408-00031508 right so come join me in here one of the T8fsgF013EA-00278-00031508-00031608 05:05 T8fsgF013EA-00279-00031608-00031708 things about these cars that that is a T8fsgF013EA-00280-00031708-00031808 05:08 T8fsgF013EA-00281-00031808-00031908 big selling feature is a lot of small T8fsgF013EA-00282-00031908-00032008 05:10 T8fsgF013EA-00283-00032008-00032108 cars or sports cars because they're T8fsgF013EA-00284-00032108-00032208 05:12 T8fsgF013EA-00285-00032208-00032308 small in general don't have any room T8fsgF013EA-00286-00032308-00032408 05:14 T8fsgF013EA-00287-00032408-00032508 here we have enormous around mountain T8fsgF013EA-00288-00032508-00032608 05:16 T8fsgF013EA-00289-00032608-00032708 six one I can barely reach the pedals so T8fsgF013EA-00290-00032708-00032809 05:19 T8fsgF013EA-00291-00032809-00032909 there's a lot of room inside these cars T8fsgF013EA-00292-00032909-00033009 05:20 T8fsgF013EA-00293-00033009-00033109 great stack here and some of the T8fsgF013EA-00294-00033109-00033209 05:23 T8fsgF013EA-00295-00033209-00033309 features and options we're talking about T8fsgF013EA-00296-00033309-00033409 05:24 T8fsgF013EA-00297-00033409-00033509 is climate control right of course T8fsgF013EA-00298-00033509-00033609 05:25 T8fsgF013EA-00299-00033609-00033709 standard but this one has heated seats T8fsgF013EA-00300-00033709-00033809 05:27 T8fsgF013EA-00301-00033809-00033909 this car has an upgraded exhaust system T8fsgF013EA-00302-00033909-00034009 05:30 T8fsgF013EA-00303-00034009-00034109 8,000 RPM tax center right in front of T8fsgF013EA-00304-00034109-00034209 05:32 T8fsgF013EA-00305-00034209-00034309 your face 200 mile an hour speedometer T8fsgF013EA-00306-00034309-00034409 05:35 T8fsgF013EA-00307-00034409-00034509 it's just a beautifully equipped car T8fsgF013EA-00308-00034509-00034609 05:37 T8fsgF013EA-00309-00034609-00034709 even some creature comforts like that T8fsgF013EA-00310-00034709-00034809 05:39 T8fsgF013EA-00311-00034809-00034909 for cupholders that are right there and T8fsgF013EA-00312-00034909-00035009 05:41 T8fsgF013EA-00313-00035009-00035109 I just think that in the world of daily T8fsgF013EA-00314-00035109-00035209 05:42 T8fsgF013EA-00315-00035209-00035309 driver exotics you get your six-speed T8fsgF013EA-00316-00035309-00035409 05:44 T8fsgF013EA-00317-00035409-00035509 handy it just seems to fit right it fits T8fsgF013EA-00318-00035509-00035609 05:46 T8fsgF013EA-00319-00035609-00035709 in your hand and it's a very comfortable T8fsgF013EA-00320-00035709-00035809 05:49 T8fsgF013EA-00321-00035809-00035909 comfortable Drive fast you drive to the T8fsgF013EA-00322-00035909-00036009 05:51 T8fsgF013EA-00323-00036009-00036109 track and then go to Monday and pick up T8fsgF013EA-00324-00036109-00036209 05:53 T8fsgF013EA-00325-00036209-00036309 the kids at school alright so we'll T8fsgF013EA-00326-00036309-00036409 05:55 T8fsgF013EA-00327-00036409-00036509 close up this what I call a daily driver T8fsgF013EA-00328-00036509-00036609 05:58 T8fsgF013EA-00329-00036609-00036709 exotic we had a triple black car black T8fsgF013EA-00330-00036709-00036809 05:59 T8fsgF013EA-00331-00036809-00036909 leather black beautiful paint 19 inch T8fsgF013EA-00332-00036909-00037009 06:02 T8fsgF013EA-00333-00037009-00037109 alloys a lot of nice features inside T8fsgF013EA-00334-00037109-00037209 06:04 T8fsgF013EA-00335-00037209-00037309 like the heated seats in the upgraded T8fsgF013EA-00336-00037309-00037409 06:07 T8fsgF013EA-00337-00037409-00037509 sound system the six-speed manual just T8fsgF013EA-00338-00037509-00037609 06:10 T8fsgF013EA-00339-00037609-00037709 feels so good at your hand this has an T8fsgF013EA-00340-00037709-00037809 06:11 T8fsgF013EA-00341-00037809-00037909 upgraded exhaust on it as well right I T8fsgF013EA-00342-00037909-00038009 06:14 T8fsgF013EA-00343-00038009-00038109 just feel like in the world of cars Man T8fsgF013EA-00344-00038109-00038209 06:17 T8fsgF013EA-00345-00038209-00038309 4 this is not a lot of money compared to T8fsgF013EA-00346-00038309-00038409 06:20 T8fsgF013EA-00347-00038409-00038509 so many other things and the great thing T8fsgF013EA-00348-00038509-00038609 06:22 T8fsgF013EA-00349-00038609-00038709 about it is this will never be a $5,000 T8fsgF013EA-00350-00038709-00038809 06:24 T8fsgF013EA-00351-00038809-00038909 car unless of course it gets totaled but T8fsgF013EA-00352-00038909-00039009 06:26 T8fsgF013EA-00353-00039009-00039109 anyway what I mean by that is these are T8fsgF013EA-00354-00039109-00039209 06:28 T8fsgF013EA-00355-00039209-00039309 always selling for a great value because T8fsgF013EA-00356-00039309-00039409 06:30 T8fsgF013EA-00357-00039409-00039509 the new cars continue to go up in value T8fsgF013EA-00358-00039509-00039609 06:31 T8fsgF013EA-00359-00039609-00039709 it drags these up with it right price T8fsgF013EA-00360-00039709-00039809 06:33 T8fsgF013EA-00361-00039809-00039909 wise and that's why they're such a great T8fsgF013EA-00362-00039909-00040009 06:35 T8fsgF013EA-00363-00040009-00040109 value so anyway call 301 eight one six T8fsgF013EA-00364-00040109-00040209 06:38 T8fsgF013EA-00365-00040209-00040309 one thousand tell you all about this T8fsgF013EA-00366-00040309-00040409 06:39 T8fsgF013EA-00367-00040409-00040509 beautiful Porsche 911 don't forget to if T8fsgF013EA-00368-00040509-00040609 06:42 T8fsgF013EA-00369-00040609-00040709 you would share that video down there T8fsgF013EA-00370-00040709-00040809 06:43 T8fsgF013EA-00371-00040809-00040909 and like it and don't forget to watch T8fsgF013EA-00372-00040909-00041009 06:46 T8fsgF013EA-00373-00041009-00041109 the test drive video that we're getting T8fsgF013EA-00374-00041109-00041209 06:47 T8fsgF013EA-00375-00041209-00041309 ready to go on next T8fsgF013EA-00376-00041309-00041409 07:19 T8fsgF013EA-00377-00041409-00041641 [Music] T8fsgF013EA-00378-00041641-00041921 07:33 T8fsgF013EA-00379-00041921-00042199 [Applause] T8fsgF013EA-00380-00042199-00042478 07:34 T8fsgF013EA-00381-00042478-00042756 [Music] T8fsgF013EA-00382-00042756-00043035 07:50 T8fsgF013EA-00383-00043035-00043313 [Applause] T8fsgF013EA-00384-00043313-00043592 08:16 T8fsgF013EA-00385-00043592-00043869 [Music] T8fsgF013EA-00386-00043869-00044149 08:25 T8fsgF013EA-00387-00044149-00044428 you T8fsgF013EA-00388-00044428-00044985 Quick tips: T8fsgF013EA-00389-00044985-00047492 - Ctrl+I adds italic formatting and Ctrl+B adds bold formatting. T9BdVGkadrE-00000-00000000-00000202 Alright, so which way do I go? T9BdVGkadrE-00001-00000204-00000453 There's a sign. T9BdVGkadrE-00002-00000456-00000824 But to be honest, I don't know which way to the beach. T9BdVGkadrE-00003-00000824-00000968 I think there's a beach here, T9BdVGkadrE-00004-00000971-00001456 taking a trail that I've been here once before, T9BdVGkadrE-00005-00001459-00001955 but I have to turn around because it was so wet and so it's finally drying up. T9BdVGkadrE-00006-00001957-00002272 Last time I was here, I just was basically impossible to pass. T9BdVGkadrE-00007-00002274-00002524 And I'm going for this little hike because T9BdVGkadrE-00008-00002526-00003088 I want a place where it's nice and quiet so I can test out this new wireless T9BdVGkadrE-00009-00003090-00003429 microphone system here that I've got from Single. T9BdVGkadrE-00010-00003432-00003634 I already reviewed one of the systems T9BdVGkadrE-00011-00003636-00004050 before, but let's just say it had its problems. T9BdVGkadrE-00012-00004053-00004426 After watching that video, they send me their new version and they T9BdVGkadrE-00013-00004429-00004658 were like, Please, Tom, please test it out. T9BdVGkadrE-00014-00004661-00005162 I promise you, we fixed all the problems that we have with the number one. T9BdVGkadrE-00015-00005165-00005470 Alright. There's another split here in the road. T9BdVGkadrE-00016-00005472-00005584 I T9BdVGkadrE-00017-00005660-00006088 guess I'm going to go to the left and there's like parts in here that look T9BdVGkadrE-00018-00006088-00006296 like a straight out jungle from the jungle book. T9BdVGkadrE-00019-00006299-00006618 But it is beautiful actually in here. T9BdVGkadrE-00020-00006620-00006844 It's like an interesting landscape. T9BdVGkadrE-00021-00006847-00007081 There's a lot of pine trees, palmetos, T9BdVGkadrE-00022-00007084-00007634 a lot of them and some Cypress, not too many Oaks or anything like that. T9BdVGkadrE-00023-00007637-00007941 I think I'm getting close because as you T9BdVGkadrE-00024-00007944-00008208 can see it's more of these kind of men grows, these little straps. T9BdVGkadrE-00025-00008211-00008752 The ground is getting wet and be honest, I'm not sure which way to pass, T9BdVGkadrE-00026-00008755-00009088 but I hear motorboat, so I guess I'm close to the water. T9BdVGkadrE-00027-00009728-00009976 All right. T9BdVGkadrE-00028-00010188-00010290 Alright. T9BdVGkadrE-00029-00010293-00010538 I made it to the beach. T9BdVGkadrE-00030-00010541-00010684 Slippery here. T9BdVGkadrE-00031-00010687-00010878 Well, it's not really a beach. T9BdVGkadrE-00032-00010881-00011062 More like kind of a muddy thing. T9BdVGkadrE-00033-00011065-00011478 I'm guessing at high tide this was under water right now. T9BdVGkadrE-00034-00011481-00011878 It's kind of like I said, it's kind of like this mud. T9BdVGkadrE-00035-00011880-00012068 But you know what I think we'll have to do? T9BdVGkadrE-00036-00012068-00012229 I'm gonna test out the mics here. T9BdVGkadrE-00037-00012232-00012470 Well, right there right now. A fish. T9BdVGkadrE-00038-00012473-00012584 Oh again, a fish. T9BdVGkadrE-00039-00012587-00012813 They're just jumping out of the water. T9BdVGkadrE-00040-00012816-00013056 And then there's birds over there. T9BdVGkadrE-00041-00013056-00013294 But they're also kind of I guess they're waiting for the fish. T9BdVGkadrE-00042-00013296-00013408 So T9BdVGkadrE-00043-00013456-00013684 first I'm going to test out this system T9BdVGkadrE-00044-00013687-00014006 at different distances and see how it performs. T9BdVGkadrE-00045-00014009-00014366 By the way, I'm using the one that has the one transmitter. T9BdVGkadrE-00046-00014369-00014682 This is the Sing two one. T9BdVGkadrE-00047-00014685-00015296 There's also since G two a two, which basically just has a slightly bigger T9BdVGkadrE-00048-00015299-00015666 case and it has two transmitters, the two microphones. T9BdVGkadrE-00049-00015669-00015944 But they both are rated to work at the same distance. T9BdVGkadrE-00050-00015947-00016312 So anyways, I'm going to walk back and let's see how well it works. T9BdVGkadrE-00051-00016328-00016538 Slippery here today. T9BdVGkadrE-00052-00016541-00016666 All right. T9BdVGkadrE-00053-00016669-00017144 According to Google Earth, I am 46ft away from the camera. T9BdVGkadrE-00054-00017147-00017290 Since how it sounds. T9BdVGkadrE-00055-00017292-00017436 I mean, it should have no issues. T9BdVGkadrE-00056-00017439-00017878 Connecting at this distance is really nothing, no interference between us. T9BdVGkadrE-00057-00017881-00018346 Now I wonder what's gonna start cutting out if I turn around right now. T9BdVGkadrE-00058-00018348-00018544 The transmitter is basically going through T9BdVGkadrE-00059-00018547-00018958 my body and I'm going to turn back to the camera. T9BdVGkadrE-00060-00018961-00019552 So yeah again, you guys can hear right now better and see how it performs anyways. T9BdVGkadrE-00061-00019555-00019736 Let me walk further. T9BdVGkadrE-00062-00020012-00020128 Oh T9BdVGkadrE-00063-00020204-00020228 man. T9BdVGkadrE-00064-00020231-00020516 Okay, I keep on sliding on this stick is is not a beach. T9BdVGkadrE-00065-00020519-00020806 I thought this was gonna be a nice quiet beach. T9BdVGkadrE-00066-00020808-00021206 Plus I don't know if you guys can see what there's all these fish jumping like crazy. T9BdVGkadrE-00067-00021209-00021524 Anyway, let's see what the distance is here. T9BdVGkadrE-00068-00021528-00022090 So I am right now 100ft away from the camera, 100ft away. T9BdVGkadrE-00069-00022093-00022204 This is how it sounds. T9BdVGkadrE-00070-00022205-00022310 Direct line of sight. T9BdVGkadrE-00071-00022313-00022546 And actually it's pretty damn windy right now. T9BdVGkadrE-00072-00022549-00023050 So hopefully this little microphone windshield is doing his job. T9BdVGkadrE-00073-00023053-00023402 All right, let me turn around now again and see so sideways. T9BdVGkadrE-00074-00023405-00023786 So it's not like perfect line of side. T9BdVGkadrE-00075-00023789-00024292 But now I'm going to turn it pay back and let's see if that. T9BdVGkadrE-00076-00024408-00025044 And now this is again direct line of sight a hundred feet away from the camera. T9BdVGkadrE-00077-00025047-00025232 Let me go further. T9BdVGkadrE-00078-00025536-00025816 Alright, the fish are going crazy. T9BdVGkadrE-00079-00025819-00026464 I am 180ft away from the camera and I'm basically in a swamp. T9BdVGkadrE-00080-00026466-00026544 It that again. T9BdVGkadrE-00081-00026547-00026826 I thought this would be a nice Sandy Beach. T9BdVGkadrE-00082-00026827-00027322 What my God, less my flip flops are stuck in the mud. T9BdVGkadrE-00083-00027325-00027544 Oh my God. Okay, they're really getting stuck. T9BdVGkadrE-00084-00027544-00027739 So I don't think I can stay here for too long. T9BdVGkadrE-00085-00027742-00027924 Plus there might be alligators here. T9BdVGkadrE-00086-00027924-00028112 Actually there was a warning that there's T9BdVGkadrE-00087-00028112-00028395 alligators in this area, so I should probably get out of here. T9BdVGkadrE-00088-00028398-00028754 But this is again 180ft a direct line of sight. T9BdVGkadrE-00089-00028757-00028995 This is how it sounds and I'm going T9BdVGkadrE-00090-00028998-00029538 to turn around with my back if I can my stuck. T9BdVGkadrE-00091-00029541-00029898 Okay, that was me with my back turned around T9BdVGkadrE-00092-00029900-00030010 and. T9BdVGkadrE-00093-00030013-00030376 All right, let's go back to the camera. Wait. T9BdVGkadrE-00094-00030377-00030616 Oh my God, I almost fell down. T9BdVGkadrE-00095-00030624-00030874 Well, let's maybe go and find a nicer area. T9BdVGkadrE-00096-00030877-00031032 That's a bit more dry. T9BdVGkadrE-00097-00031033-00031256 So I'm 130ft right now. T9BdVGkadrE-00098-00031258-00031608 130ft. T9BdVGkadrE-00099-00031676-00031876 Okay, T9BdVGkadrE-00100-00031900-00032320 if I make it out of here without lending on this mud, then I'll be very happy. T9BdVGkadrE-00101-00032322-00032389 All right. T9BdVGkadrE-00102-00032392-00032846 So anyways, as you guys can see, I got all the way up to 180ft. T9BdVGkadrE-00103-00032848-00033084 Let's go find somewhere more dry where I T9BdVGkadrE-00104-00033084-00033366 can kind of show you and kind of talk about the details of the system. T9BdVGkadrE-00105-00033369-00033974 Alright, I made it out of the swamp and we get another split on the road. T9BdVGkadrE-00106-00033977-00034290 You know, I'm just gonna stick and keep on going left. T9BdVGkadrE-00107-00034292-00034464 They worked out before me while Sara T9BdVGkadrE-00108-00034467-00034786 worked out before, so hopefully keeps on working out. T9BdVGkadrE-00109-00034789-00034892 All right. T9BdVGkadrE-00110-00034895-00035336 I found somewhere in shade somewhere I can sit down and talk about this anyway. T9BdVGkadrE-00111-00035339-00035590 I got the sing two that I'm still using. T9BdVGkadrE-00112-00035592-00036058 So basically all the audio in this video is used through this elite unit. T9BdVGkadrE-00113-00036060-00036318 Except right now I'm using their included T9BdVGkadrE-00114-00036321-00036784 Lav mic so I have it up here and it just plugs into the transmitter. T9BdVGkadrE-00115-00036786-00037086 So it's kind of nice that they include the Lav mic T9BdVGkadrE-00116-00037089-00037376 and it's the same for when you get the single unit, T9BdVGkadrE-00117-00037379-00037962 meaning with the one transmitter or the double unit, which is this one. T9BdVGkadrE-00118-00037965-00038486 And as you'll notice, like the cases for both of these, this is the sync G two. T9BdVGkadrE-00119-00038488-00038766 A one. This is the sync to a two. T9BdVGkadrE-00120-00038769-00038908 I mean, it has two units. T9BdVGkadrE-00121-00038910-00039334 It's just slightly longer case because it has an extra transmitter. T9BdVGkadrE-00122-00039336-00039590 And it's kind of nice that they gave you these cases. T9BdVGkadrE-00123-00039592-00039794 You know, everything kind of fits in there. T9BdVGkadrE-00124-00039797-00040056 You have all the cables and actually some T9BdVGkadrE-00125-00040056-00040410 of the things that I like about this is that they include, like I said, the lab. T9BdVGkadrE-00126-00040412-00040584 If you get the version with the two T9BdVGkadrE-00127-00040586-00040968 transmitters, you get two labs, you get the wind screens for the labs, too. T9BdVGkadrE-00128-00040971-00041492 You even get this USBC cable that you basically use this to charge. T9BdVGkadrE-00129-00041495-00041714 So you plug each of these things here T9BdVGkadrE-00130-00041717-00042008 on the side you have for plugging in the USB C. T9BdVGkadrE-00131-00042010-00042274 But what's nice is that you basically have one cable. T9BdVGkadrE-00132-00042277-00042474 You plug that to your USB, T9BdVGkadrE-00133-00042477-00043012 and then you plug these three ends to your like I said, if you have the double unit, T9BdVGkadrE-00134-00043015-00043494 the two transmitter, one receiver or the other one who just comes with this. T9BdVGkadrE-00135-00043496-00043604 So that's kind of nice. T9BdVGkadrE-00136-00043607-00044338 They give you also all the windscreens for the actual microphone transmitters. T9BdVGkadrE-00137-00044341-00044782 So you can kind of protect the builtin microphone from the wind. T9BdVGkadrE-00138-00044785-00045006 And that is just kind of attach is very T9BdVGkadrE-00139-00045009-00045584 similar to the original Road wireless go, which is not the best way. T9BdVGkadrE-00140-00045586-00045866 Maybe, like, as you can see if T9BdVGkadrE-00141-00045868-00046108 I pull too much on it, it will actually fall off. T9BdVGkadrE-00142-00046110-00046548 So I wish this was kind of a better way to kind of maybe click it in there T9BdVGkadrE-00143-00046551-00047018 something like what the Road improved on their version two. T9BdVGkadrE-00144-00047021-00047344 You also get the audio cables. T9BdVGkadrE-00145-00047347-00047582 So you get basically T9BdVGkadrE-00146-00047585-00048196 TRRS audio cable and Tr, you know, the one for mobile devices, audio cable. T9BdVGkadrE-00147-00048197-00048372 So you have both of them and it has T9BdVGkadrE-00148-00048375-00048746 a little but here so you can adjust the length of this. T9BdVGkadrE-00149-00048748-00049052 Now the system is rated open line of sight. T9BdVGkadrE-00150-00049054-00049326 That's supposed to work at almost 500ft. T9BdVGkadrE-00151-00049329-00050030 But in direct line of sight, they're rating it at 164, I think, feet, T9BdVGkadrE-00152-00050033-00050452 but it doesn't have a sample like the wireless go to doesn't have any T9BdVGkadrE-00153-00050452-00050800 internal recordings that you can do, like, basically backup recordings. T9BdVGkadrE-00154-00050800-00051122 Now, if you don't care about that and you want to save yourself a lot of money, T9BdVGkadrE-00155-00051125-00051566 this is almost it's going to be almost like half the price of the Role system. T9BdVGkadrE-00156-00051569-00051836 That is definitely something to look into. T9BdVGkadrE-00157-00051839-00052196 And like I said, there's the A one which has the one transmitter. T9BdVGkadrE-00158-00052199-00052410 I think there's like 100 something dollars T9BdVGkadrE-00159-00052413-00053110 or the A two with the two transmitters and the one receiver that is around $200. T9BdVGkadrE-00160-00053112-00053305 But again, the prices do always change. T9BdVGkadrE-00161-00053308-00053648 So for the latest prices and at the different places you can find T9BdVGkadrE-00162-00053651-00054008 at just check out the links in the description of the video. T9BdVGkadrE-00163-00054011-00054160 Now, as far as the build, T9BdVGkadrE-00164-00054163-00054614 it's very similar to the previous version of this or to the Road wireless go T9BdVGkadrE-00165-00054616-00054922 and many of these other sort of compact wireless microphone system. T9BdVGkadrE-00166-00054925-00055148 So you've got a pairing button up here T9BdVGkadrE-00167-00055151-00055498 on one side of the transmitter, which honestly, T9BdVGkadrE-00168-00055500-00055800 I've never had to use because they just automatically seem to pair up. T9BdVGkadrE-00169-00055800-00056194 But you have it there. I guess if you ever do lose signal, T9BdVGkadrE-00170-00056197-00056552 you have a high pass filter and then on the other side, T9BdVGkadrE-00171-00056554-00056917 you have your power button, which also doubles as the mute button. T9BdVGkadrE-00172-00056920-00057182 And you have a USBC connection so you can T9BdVGkadrE-00173-00057185-00057636 charge that the transmitter and you have a little mic in at a three and a half T9BdVGkadrE-00174-00057639-00058050 millimeter mic, so you can plug in the lavalier microphone that's included. T9BdVGkadrE-00175-00058052-00058424 Or you can also use any other level or microphone that you might already have. TvVMRDu0Qey-00000-00001376-00002000 what is it now why does one summon a witcher to inquire about the gossip currently flowing about TvVMRDu0Qey-00001-00002000-00002776 the court I have a problem with a beast ah you the one posted the notice go on then spit it out TvVMRDu0Qey-00002-00002776-00003440 what's it about first my dear witcher we must establish ground rules given the vast difference TvVMRDu0Qey-00003-00003440-00004056 in our respective social positions I'm sorry to say I take umbrage at the familiar tone you take TvVMRDu0Qey-00004-00004144-00004776 I expect deference I expect you to address me as sir or better yet as Monsieur de bobo TvVMRDu0Qey-00005-00004872-00005384 listen friend there's an enormous difference between us but it's not about status TvVMRDu0Qey-00006-00005440-00006016 it's about me having two swords on my back and you having none so I'll call TvVMRDu0Qey-00007-00006016-00007184 you whatever I want and you either deal with that or solve your monster problem yourself TvVMRDu0Qey-00008-00007504-00007792 the call I shall file a complaint with your guilt TvVMRDu0Qey-00009-00007944-00008280 make sure you address it to customer service care morin TvVMRDu0Qey-00010-00008280-00008960 kedwin now talk before I change my mind and go TvVMRDu0Qey-00011-00009200-00009880 naughtlings in their manners very well let us get this over with something has infested my vineyard TvVMRDu0Qey-00012-00010024-00010416 great let me go prepare my something oil then i beg your partner TvVMRDu0Qey-00013-00010496-00011168 need more information than that where was this something seen any witnesses bodies to examine TvVMRDu0Qey-00014-00011168-00011664 therein lies the rub none has seen the beast we've only heard signs of its TvVMRDu0Qey-00015-00011664-00012216 presence a strange scratching and shrieks neither are there any corpses to inspect TvVMRDu0Qey-00016-00012272-00012928 men simply disappear without the trace who's disappeared if you don't mind my asking TvVMRDu0Qey-00017-00013104-00013791 most recently some farmhand i believe despite the vast difference in social status you remember TvVMRDu0Qey-00018-00013791-00014416 the farmhand's name maybe no you must speak to my wife she has more collegial relations TvVMRDu0Qey-00019-00014416-00014928 with this household help she's away at the moment visiting her mother but should return forthwith TvVMRDu0Qey-00020-00015072-00015640 noises you mentioned where do they come from well everywhere TvVMRDu0Qey-00021-00015800-00016392 but they must clearly auto pull in the wine cellar means the monster must dwell underground TvVMRDu0Qey-00022-00016504-00017336 hmm when are the noises loudest in the night just as they were years ago when the buildings quaked TvVMRDu0Qey-00023-00017432-00017928 another expert agreed to look into the matter then but was never thereafter seen or heard of TvVMRDu0Qey-00024-00018024-00018576 oh that should suffice with the questions now tell me will you take the contract yay or nay TvVMRDu0Qey-00025-00018640-00020208 depends what kind of reward are we talking about um fine seems i must take the loss TvVMRDu0Qey-00026-00020264-00021040 agreed fine i'll do it need to look around here first then i'll want to talk to madame de bourbon TvVMRDu0Qey-00027-00021040-00021392 very well i shall inform you once she has returned TvVMRDu0Qey-00028-00021392-00021960 meanwhile the key to the sell-off just whatever you do please do not disturb the wine barrels TvVMRDu0Qey-00029-00022384-00022584 sacrifice TvVMRDu0Qey-00030-00022816-00023296 what is the meaning of this i'm paying you to say a monster not demolish my property TvVMRDu0Qey-00031-00023376-00023856 property's falling apart on its own well with all the tunnels under it i'd fill those in soon if TvVMRDu0Qey-00032-00023856-00024552 you don't want your building to collapse tunnels filter my farm how did tunnels appear down there TvVMRDu0Qey-00033-00024736-00025144 something dug them a large creature also killed a few kiki moors down there and TvVMRDu0Qey-00034-00025144-00025504 destroyed their eggs considered a half favor won't cost you much TvVMRDu0Qey-00035-00025648-00026160 kiki more eggs yes of course good work indeed a reward is due TvVMRDu0Qey-00036-00026576-00027232 madame de bourbon i presume here you know something about the missing farmhand jean-luc yes TvVMRDu0Qey-00037-00027304-00027856 we went to examine this year's seedlings something had been nibbling at them then we heard these odd TvVMRDu0Qey-00038-00027856-00028544 noises john luke went to reconnoiter and never returned where'd you last see jean-luc madame TvVMRDu0Qey-00039-00028616-00029664 exactly in in the fields north of here by the wood new seedlings there i was under the distinct TvVMRDu0Qey-00040-00029664-00030295 impression we had planted them all on the south slope almost all my dear i requested that some TvVMRDu0Qey-00041-00030295-00030983 be planted to the north by the grove just the remainders madame could you describe jean luke TvVMRDu0Qey-00042-00031088-00032008 tall exceedingly well built hair black as pitch dear concentrate there is not a peasant that is TvVMRDu0Qey-00043-00032008-00032608 not well built they work in the fields all day he means scars birthmarks that sort of thing TvVMRDu0Qey-00044-00032864-00033256 then none i suppose but he did wear a pendant around his neck TvVMRDu0Qey-00045-00033328-00034176 a silver one silver jewelry on a farmhand it was a gift i believe all that is what he claimed TvVMRDu0Qey-00046-00034392-00035184 should be enough to go on then what are you freaking round here for get to work TvVMRDu0Qey-00047-00036496-00036720 bread's really stale been here a while TvVMRDu0Qey-00048-00037040-00037184 blanket was laid out here TvVMRDu0Qey-00049-00037888-00038064 footprints two sets TvVMRDu0Qey-00050-00039352-00039800 track split woman turned back here man kept going TvVMRDu0Qey-00051-00040328-00040784 man's footprints lead here TvVMRDu0Qey-00052-00041712-00042184 blood human TvVMRDu0Qey-00053-00043720-00044008 piece of carapace horned gray shell TvVMRDu0Qey-00054-00044840-00044984 large deep tracks TvVMRDu0Qey-00055-00045728-00046384 claw marks straight dull perfect for digging TvVMRDu0Qey-00056-00047072-00049184 fell trees as if something rolled over them so is shalemar only they dig tunnels and move like that TvVMRDu0Qey-00057-00051824-00052464 shelmar's lair gotta be drags its victims here pretty fresh some of them gonna have TvVMRDu0Qey-00058-00052464-00053384 to brew some bait need the blood of a recent victim and some of the mushrooms that grow here TvVMRDu0Qey-00059-00053648-00054784 fresh corpse must be jean-luc crushed ribs cracked skull shalemar did this no two ways about it TvVMRDu0Qey-00060-00058736-00058984 come on show me your claws TvVMRDu0Qey-00061-00060688-00061784 ah TvVMRDu0Qey-00062-00062032-00063184 dammit TvVMRDu0Qey-00063-00065184-00065984 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00064-00066872-00067384 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00065-00067440-00068784 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00066-00070480-00071584 wow TvVMRDu0Qey-00067-00073000-00074384 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00068-00074568-00075784 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00069-00076288-00077184 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00070-00077448-00078584 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00071-00081376-00081384 foreign TvVMRDu0Qey-00072-00085296-00085584 is TvVMRDu0Qey-00073-00085656-00086984 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00074-00087504-00088384 huh TvVMRDu0Qey-00075-00088584-00089784 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00076-00090384-00091184 dammit TvVMRDu0Qey-00077-00091336-00092584 um TvVMRDu0Qey-00078-00093960-00095384 come on TvVMRDu0Qey-00079-00096664-00096784 um TvVMRDu0Qey-00080-00098488-00099584 god TvVMRDu0Qey-00081-00101912-00102384 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00082-00102911-00103783 so TvVMRDu0Qey-00083-00104368-00105183 uh TvVMRDu0Qey-00084-00106416-00107983 wow wow TvVMRDu0Qey-00085-00111688-00112183 foreign TvVMRDu0Qey-00086-00112624-00113583 not TvVMRDu0Qey-00087-00115144-00116383 ah TvVMRDu0Qey-00088-00116992-00117248 i just gotta jump off its head go get my TvVMRDu0Qey-00089-00117248-00117783 reward TvVMRDu0Qey-00090-00119328-00119472 you can we talk TvVMRDu0Qey-00091-00119688-00120056 you'll best be bearing good news get on with it TvVMRDu0Qey-00092-00120200-00120583 got rid of the beast that was giving you trouble it was a shelmar TvVMRDu0Qey-00093-00120832-00121456 whatever could that be kind of like a cross between a mole and a caterpillar TvVMRDu0Qey-00094-00121456-00121624 just big as a barn TvVMRDu0Qey-00095-00121959-00122456 well master witcher you make a poor first impression but ultimately proved your worth TvVMRDu0Qey-00096-00122559-00122735 there your reward TvVMRDu0Qey-00097-00123176-00124104 as for jean-luc afraid he's dead sorry who oh him trifulous losses go i shall soon find TvVMRDu0Qey-00098-00124104-00125888 another to take his place right after all he is just a peasant not a mature blah blah so long TyLW9NvQPeo-00000-00001666-00001998 Music used: The Land Of The Wizard by Per Kiilstofte TyLW9NvQPeo-00001-00002928-00003670 Invisible Studio TyLW9NvQPeo-00002-00005246-00005482 Maps TyLW9NvQPeo-00003-00006040-00007668 Mine Run TyLW9NvQPeo-00004-00009792-00010256 RUN FIRST TyLW9NvQPeo-00005-00011320-00011792 AVOID TRAPS TyLW9NvQPeo-00006-00014228-00014724 COLLECT POWERUPS TyLW9NvQPeo-00007-00015280-00015502 What a great map, isn't it! TyLW9NvQPeo-00008-00015532-00015762 You will be able to download it after... TyLW9NvQPeo-00009-00015782-00016247 Stop! Likes? Are you serious? TyLW9NvQPeo-00010-00016358-00016780 You can download this map right now! The link in the description. TyLW9NvQPeo-00011-00017160-00017476 ***Achievement unlocked:*** ***Leave a like*** TyLW9NvQPeo-00012-00018828-00019216 WIN TyLW9NvQPeo-00013-00019252-00019696 Team: Invisible Studio TyLW9NvQPeo-00014-00019696-00020084 Сoncept: Damodigy TyLW9NvQPeo-00015-00020084-00020398 Builders: Damodigy Azarattum TyLW9NvQPeo-00016-00020398-00020622 Commands: Azarattum TyLW9NvQPeo-00017-00020622-00020768 Map: MineRun TyLW9NvQPeo-00019-00020966-00021100 THANKS FOR WATCHING! SUBSCRIBE! TyLW9NvQPeo-00020-00021100-00021428 ***Achievement unlocked:*** ***Subscribe*** TyLW9NvQPeo-00021-00021990-00022272 New videos will be coming soon... TyLW9NvQPeo-00022-00022272-00022558 ***Achievement unlocked:*** ***Watch until the end*** TBvu07erlZg-00000-00000000-00000248 What the European Commission is telling us is that TBvu07erlZg-00001-00000248-00000738 important regulators like the European Banking Authority can be completely captured TBvu07erlZg-00002-00000746-00001070 by the economic sectors that they are supposed to regulate. TBvu07erlZg-00003-00001202-00001655 Following the 2008 financial crisis the then Commission President said that TBvu07erlZg-00004-00001676-00002184 there is a need to re-balance the influence of the financial sector in EU policies TBvu07erlZg-00005-00002198-00002440 with the influence of citizens. TBvu07erlZg-00006-00002440-00002718 The Commission President that made this beautiful declaration TBvu07erlZg-00007-00002718-00003084 was called Durão Barroso and - as we all know - he ended up in Goldman Sachs. TBvu07erlZg-00008-00003084-00003564 This problem, that is an endemic problem in several European institutions, TBvu07erlZg-00009-00003579-00004180 becomes infinitely more serious each time we debate the financial system and their regulators. TBvu07erlZg-00010-00004180-00004668 It's ridiculous and it would be laughable if this wasn't such a serious matter, TBvu07erlZg-00011-00004676-00005064 the restriction of not using the information that he accumulated TBvu07erlZg-00012-00005064-00005654 in 8 years working for the European Banking Authority in his new job of lobbying issues TBvu07erlZg-00013-00005666-00006146 where the European Banking Authority is a central regulator. TBvu07erlZg-00014-00006146-00006552 Mr Farkas will be paid for using this information TBvu07erlZg-00015-00006559-00006995 the salary that he is going to receive is the price for this information. TBvu07erlZg-00016-00007012-00007323 What the European Commission came tell us here is that TBvu07erlZg-00017-00007323-00007673 the principle of independence of the regulator basically means that TBvu07erlZg-00018-00007688-00008159 the democratic institutions that European citizens have elected can't do anything. TBvu07erlZg-00019-00008159-00008574 This means that important regulators like the European Banking Authority TBvu07erlZg-00020-00008594-00009084 can be completely captured by the economic sectors that they regulate. TBvu07erlZg-00021-00009084-00009452 Even if this subject is a serious one, I cannot help but smile TBvu07erlZg-00022-00009466-00009854 when the right to work is invoked. Right to work? TBvu07erlZg-00023-00009854-00010450 What we 're debating here is the right to pass directly from a regulator to a position of lobby. TBvu07erlZg-00024-00010450-00010862 If European workers were as protected by the European institutions as TBvu07erlZg-00025-00010882-00011488 they're protecting this man who's now a lobbyist, Europe would be in a much better state. TFJzD_v9l3U-00000-00000390-00001038 data definitely is a tool that we use to drive instruction we take an NWEA test TFJzD_v9l3U-00001-00001038-00001578 3 times a year and so that's one way that we'll group our students and on a TFJzD_v9l3U-00002-00001578-00002490 day-to-day level we use Lexia, ST Math, and NWEA has a program where we can have TFJzD_v9l3U-00003-00002490-00002891 our -- our students take a skills locator which will break down TFJzD_v9l3U-00004-00002891-00003288 individually where they're struggling and then we'll kind of group our TFJzD_v9l3U-00005-00003288-00003765 students that way and provide small group instruction and then the cool TFJzD_v9l3U-00006-00003765-00004224 thing about that is that site provides mastery checks so we can see who's TFJzD_v9l3U-00007-00004224-00004611 gaining the knowledge that they need and then kind of readjusting our groups that TFJzD_v9l3U-00008-00004611-00004722 way as well TFJzD_v9l3U-00009-00004722-00005298 ...the groups do change, we grouped them initially based on NWEA but then as we get TFJzD_v9l3U-00010-00005298-00005631 farther away from NWEA those groups obviously changed a little bit we have TFJzD_v9l3U-00011-00005631-00005979 students now at this point of the year who are emailing us and saying hey I don't TFJzD_v9l3U-00012-00005979-00006363 think NWEA review was helpful for me this is not something I need to do right TFJzD_v9l3U-00013-00006363-00006611 now, isn't there any way you could switch me into a different group TFJzD_v9l3U-00014-00006611-00006912 I want to review what the other group is doing and so in the beginning of the TFJzD_v9l3U-00015-00006912-00007239 year that never, never would have happened and it's really cool that we TFJzD_v9l3U-00016-00007239-00007878 have that happening now but it's based on NWEA and then I switch based on TFJzD_v9l3U-00017-00007878-00008331 science if I feel like I need to but for 8th grade they're pretty stagnant as of TFJzD_v9l3U-00018-00008331-00008667 a couple of weeks ago when we just switched and they're going to continue TFJzD_v9l3U-00019-00008667-00009009 to be so throughout until our next NWEA TGeVn9IeIc8-00000-00000000-00000400 hey my name is marc lorenz like this TGeVn9IeIc8-00001-00000400-00000700 If I were to show you who you are from TGeVn9IeIc8-00002-00000700-00000900 negative energies from negative TGeVn9IeIc8-00003-00000900-00001200 thoughts must emotions and blockages TGeVn9IeIc8-00004-00001200-00001300 can free TGeVn9IeIc8-00005-00002500-00003000 who knows that not everyone of us was TGeVn9IeIc8-00006-00003000-00003300 ever at a point in life where you TGeVn9IeIc8-00007-00003300-00003700 he just feels bad and TGeVn9IeIc8-00008-00003700-00003800 this is this state of consciousness TGeVn9IeIc8-00009-00003800-00004000 just a very natural one TGeVn9IeIc8-00010-00004000-00004100 state of consciousness confess the TGeVn9IeIc8-00011-00004100-00004300 state of consciousness that we are good TGeVn9IeIc8-00012-00004300-00004500 feel and are happy and then you can TGeVn9IeIc8-00013-00004500-00004900 of course, the opposite TGeVn9IeIc8-00014-00004900-00005200 the art is it his life too TGeVn9IeIc8-00015-00005200-00005400 design that we as often as possible in TGeVn9IeIc8-00016-00005400-00005600 are in this happy state and TGeVn9IeIc8-00017-00005600-00005900 this joy and as rarely as possible TGeVn9IeIc8-00018-00005900-00006300 if it goes into this negative state TGeVn9IeIc8-00019-00006300-00006500 in some scenes this is called TGeVn9IeIc8-00020-00006500-00007000 positive energy and negative energy TGeVn9IeIc8-00021-00007000-00007200 and you say so often when you look at TGeVn9IeIc8-00022-00007200-00007400 feels bad then you are ours TGeVn9IeIc8-00023-00007400-00007600 negative energy drops TGeVn9IeIc8-00024-00007600-00007700 you can do it safely if you have a dream TGeVn9IeIc8-00025-00007700-00007900 comes and these are people and these TGeVn9IeIc8-00026-00007900-00008100 people just argued before TGeVn9IeIc8-00027-00008100-00008400 and roared and so on TGeVn9IeIc8-00028-00008400-00008600 then you feel a second after TGeVn9IeIc8-00029-00008600-00008800 Danube area came in here TGeVn9IeIc8-00030-00008800-00009000 a negative mood is through TGeVn9IeIc8-00031-00009000-00009300 has a sixth sense and has that sense TGeVn9IeIc8-00032-00009300-00009600 each and this negative energy is TGeVn9IeIc8-00033-00009600-00009700 existent because we can feel them too TGeVn9IeIc8-00034-00009700-00009900 if we have nothing to do with what TGeVn9IeIc8-00035-00009900-00010200 straight in the frame went on too TGeVn9IeIc8-00036-00010200-00010300 and who don't know that there is something TGeVn9IeIc8-00037-00010300-00010500 could go in and feel immediately TGeVn9IeIc8-00038-00010500-00010600 Something is wrong here I feel TGeVn9IeIc8-00039-00010600-00011000 himself equally bad TGeVn9IeIc8-00040-00011000-00011400 and that is that, that is consciously in the field TGeVn9IeIc8-00041-00011400-00011500 what exists and goes in this video TGeVn9IeIc8-00042-00011500-00011700 It's where I show a method TGeVn9IeIc8-00043-00011700-00011900 how you feel about these negative TGeVn9IeIc8-00044-00011900-00012400 consciousness falls too TGeVn9IeIc8-00045-00012400-00012800 exist calibrated out one could TGeVn9IeIc8-00046-00012800-00013100 maneuver out and say that TGeVn9IeIc8-00047-00013100-00013300 works with the 417 heart should TGeVn9IeIc8-00048-00013300-00013700 frequency that should feature frequency TGeVn9IeIc8-00049-00013700-00013900 it has been around since ancient times TGeVn9IeIc8-00050-00013900-00014100 already found that back then TGeVn9IeIc8-00051-00014100-00014400 these frequencies the combination TGeVn9IeIc8-00052-00014400-00014700 between 369 and building up are then TGeVn9IeIc8-00053-00014700-00014900 a very special frequency tone sequence TGeVn9IeIc8-00054-00014900-00015000 cause certain TGeVn9IeIc8-00055-00015000-00015200 characteristics in human TGeVn9IeIc8-00056-00015200-00015500 consciousness changes TGeVn9IeIc8-00057-00015500-00015800 even nikola tesla knew that at the time TGeVn9IeIc8-00058-00015800-00016000 yes and the 417 heart should feature TGeVn9IeIc8-00059-00016000-00016300 frequency is known for it is said so TGeVn9IeIc8-00060-00016300-00016600 that the frequency of the universe the TGeVn9IeIc8-00061-00016600-00016900 frequency of creation and this TGeVn9IeIc8-00062-00016900-00017100 frequency has the focus or the special TGeVn9IeIc8-00063-00017100-00017400 property that it takes you away from the negative TGeVn9IeIc8-00064-00017400-00017700 energies of blockages and so on TGeVn9IeIc8-00065-00017700-00017900 in other words, it just frees us TGeVn9IeIc8-00066-00017900-00018000 all come to him when in life in TGeVn9IeIc8-00067-00018000-00018200 at the moment where we just feel bad TGeVn9IeIc8-00068-00018200-00018500 feel and what a couple is doing today TGeVn9IeIc8-00069-00018500-00018700 just not good to me then you can TGeVn9IeIc8-00070-00018700-00018900 hear this frequency and immediately TGeVn9IeIc8-00071-00018900-00019200 after that it will dissolve TGeVn9IeIc8-00072-00019200-00019340 but it won't conclude TGeVn9IeIc8-00073-00019200-00019600 that afterwards you look different TGeVn9IeIc8-00074-00019600-00019800 state of consciousness behaves but it TGeVn9IeIc8-00075-00019800-00020000 can also life events TGeVn9IeIc8-00076-00020000-00020300 occur immediately afterwards TGeVn9IeIc8-00077-00020300-00020500 that basically make you up TGeVn9IeIc8-00078-00020500-00020800 EU states which you may already have TGeVn9IeIc8-00079-00020800-00021100 Longer in there and free you TGeVn9IeIc8-00080-00021100-00021300 get out of there I have to do it myself TGeVn9IeIc8-00081-00021300-00021600 when i heard this frequency a TGeVn9IeIc8-00082-00021600-00021900 own the tea experience with this TGeVn9IeIc8-00083-00021900-00022100 made frequency and there I open TGeVn9IeIc8-00084-00022100-00022300 count my own channel on marco TGeVn9IeIc8-00085-00022300-00022600 that can all own experience report TGeVn9IeIc8-00086-00022600-00022800 also today TGeVn9IeIc8-00087-00022800-00022900 link below this video you can TGeVn9IeIc8-00088-00022900-00023100 watch the video TGeVn9IeIc8-00089-00023100-00023300 but a very exciting experience TGeVn9IeIc8-00090-00023300-00023600 where I myself have a great insight TGeVn9IeIc8-00091-00023600-00023900 had in terms of cooperation TGeVn9IeIc8-00092-00023900-00024100 between the whole energy fields and TGeVn9IeIc8-00093-00024100-00024300 how to look like me through this TGeVn9IeIc8-00094-00024300-00024600 frequency even of it from a pattern TGeVn9IeIc8-00095-00024600-00024900 what I had freed and that was TGeVn9IeIc8-00096-00024900-00025100 a full resolution that is now easy TGeVn9IeIc8-00097-00025100-00025300 is no longer existent and we TGeVn9IeIc8-00098-00025300-00025600 people are consistently in such TGeVn9IeIc8-00099-00025600-00025800 patterns are knitted and these patterns are TGeVn9IeIc8-00100-00025800-00026200 yes always active and this frequency helps TGeVn9IeIc8-00101-00026200-00026500 stop from loosening these patterns TGeVn9IeIc8-00102-00026500-00026800 okay well where does it help anyway TGeVn9IeIc8-00103-00026800-00027100 release of negative energies the TGeVn9IeIc8-00104-00027100-00027400 purify aura sagthen the TGeVn9IeIc8-00105-00027400-00027600 change so positive changes TGeVn9IeIc8-00106-00027600-00027900 bring about life or the ones from it TGeVn9IeIc8-00107-00027900-00028200 bring positive timeline then TGeVn9IeIc8-00108-00028200-00028300 deal better with changes because TGeVn9IeIc8-00109-00028300-00028400 many people have difficulty with TGeVn9IeIc8-00110-00028400-00028700 Bypassing Changes TGeVn9IeIc8-00111-00028700-00029000 especially in this inso in this TGeVn9IeIc8-00112-00029000-00029300 Chronicle crisis we are all going through now TGeVn9IeIc8-00113-00029300-00029500 have come come come big TGeVn9IeIc8-00114-00029500-00029700 changes and there is nothing we can do TGeVn9IeIc8-00115-00029700-00030000 do against it and there you can TGeVn9IeIc8-00116-00030000-00030300 easily attune to it and the TGeVn9IeIc8-00117-00030300-00030400 resolution of stressful emotional and TGeVn9IeIc8-00118-00030400-00030700 mental patterns that I mentioned TGeVn9IeIc8-00119-00030700-00031000 address or focus of these frequencies TGeVn9IeIc8-00120-00031000-00031100 and even if you think that you yourself TGeVn9IeIc8-00121-00031100-00031300 I don't have any TGeVn9IeIc8-00122-00031300-00031600 you have a lot and you have it TGeVn9IeIc8-00123-00031600-00031900 not even aware of it TGeVn9IeIc8-00124-00031900-00032100 good that special or is that TGeVn9IeIc8-00125-00032100-00032300 unique to this is supposed to fischer TGeVn9IeIc8-00126-00032300-00032500 frequency is when you cared for the others TGeVn9IeIc8-00127-00032500-00032600 you know joe frequencies then you know TGeVn9IeIc8-00128-00032600-00032900 that this is a very special series TGeVn9IeIc8-00129-00032900-00033200 is and it is an adventure series TGeVn9IeIc8-00130-00033200-00033400 that means the music and everything is TGeVn9IeIc8-00131-00033400-00033600 build on each other and will there TGeVn9IeIc8-00132-00033600-00033800 a story told and at this TGeVn9IeIc8-00133-00033800-00034400 I tried this story entirely TGeVn9IeIc8-00134-00034400-00034500 very exciting to do and that is TGeVn9IeIc8-00135-00034500-00035000 is about the resolution on the TGeVn9IeIc8-00136-00035000-00035200 dissolving negative patterns and thus TGeVn9IeIc8-00137-00035200-00035400 can you imagine this frequency TGeVn9IeIc8-00138-00035400-00035700 as a guided meditation only without TGeVn9IeIc8-00139-00035700-00035900 speak yes so I do not tell but TGeVn9IeIc8-00140-00035900-00036100 you will experience this story for yourself TGeVn9IeIc8-00141-00036100-00036300 to experience this guided action though TGeVn9IeIc8-00142-00036300-00036500 I'm not saying that's that TGeVn9IeIc8-00143-00036500-00036800 interesting about this frequency because TGeVn9IeIc8-00144-00036800-00037000 this frequency starts at the ocean in hawaii TGeVn9IeIc8-00145-00037000-00037300 So the whole thing is of course with a TGeVn9IeIc8-00146-00037300-00037400 especially 38 the audio sound recorded TGeVn9IeIc8-00147-00037400-00037600 so if you have headphones you hear from TGeVn9IeIc8-00148-00037600-00037900 everywhere that the sea from behind TGeVn9IeIc8-00149-00037900-00038100 noise and that's the full 360 TGeVn9IeIc8-00150-00038100-00038300 degree of movement as if you were really there TGeVn9IeIc8-00151-00038300-00038600 pushes that through the whole begins in TGeVn9IeIc8-00152-00038600-00038800 hawaii on the beach and you go one TGeVn9IeIc8-00153-00038800-00039100 water into that there is TGeVn9IeIc8-00154-00039100-00039300 exactly seven phases to the first phase TGeVn9IeIc8-00155-00039300-00039400 is you are then on the beach and goes TGeVn9IeIc8-00156-00039400-00039600 then into TGeVn9IeIc8-00157-00039600-00039900 and the sea in and then comes the TGeVn9IeIc8-00158-00039900-00040300 second phase where you submerge under TGeVn9IeIc8-00159-00040300-00040600 water then you just come say TGeVn9IeIc8-00160-00040600-00040800 depth of water based on it goes into a TGeVn9IeIc8-00161-00040800-00041100 underwater city and in this TGeVn9IeIc8-00162-00041100-00041300 underwater city come between music TGeVn9IeIc8-00163-00041300-00041400 and you will really notice okay me TGeVn9IeIc8-00164-00041400-00041700 am now in an underwater city of TGeVn9IeIc8-00165-00041700-00041900 music he will show that thanks TGeVn9IeIc8-00166-00041900-00042200 now back up and then there TGeVn9IeIc8-00167-00042200-00042500 surfaced you don't land there TGeVn9IeIc8-00168-00042500-00042900 where you are under but in a TGeVn9IeIc8-00169-00042900-00043200 on a tropical island and there TGeVn9IeIc8-00170-00043200-00043480 You gesture into the forest on this island TGeVn9IeIc8-00171-00043200-00043500 into TGeVn9IeIc8-00172-00043500-00043800 listen to these tropical animals this TGeVn9IeIc8-00173-00043800-00044100 whole different animal species and there TGeVn9IeIc8-00174-00044100-00044306 you refer and then you fly into TGeVn9IeIc8-00175-00044100-00044400 heaven TGeVn9IeIc8-00176-00044400-00044500 yes you can do the whole thing as a cleaning TGeVn9IeIc8-00177-00044500-00044800 denotes besides you imagine that you TGeVn9IeIc8-00178-00044800-00045100 stand where you are and then you go TGeVn9IeIc8-00179-00045100-00045300 into the water and cleans you there TGeVn9IeIc8-00180-00045300-00045600 yourself through this underwater city from TGeVn9IeIc8-00181-00045600-00045800 all your emotions from these TGeVn9IeIc8-00182-00045800-00046100 whole negative beliefs TGeVn9IeIc8-00183-00046100-00046300 energy fields and then dives into a TGeVn9IeIc8-00184-00046300-00046500 different reality on in the anatomical TGeVn9IeIc8-00185-00046500-00046600 island and these birds this to their TGeVn9IeIc8-00186-00046600-00046900 you and make and just make a new one TGeVn9IeIc8-00187-00046900-00047100 at weltbild a new feeling of who TGeVn9IeIc8-00188-00047100-00047500 I am where am I and so on TGeVn9IeIc8-00189-00047500-00047800 then it goes into flight and you TGeVn9IeIc8-00190-00047800-00048000 then fly away from TGeVn9IeIc8-00191-00048000-00048200 this island everything is quieter and you TGeVn9IeIc8-00192-00048200-00048300 hear and the wind and fly in the TGeVn9IeIc8-00193-00048300-00048500 heaven to the wanted TGeVn9IeIc8-00194-00048500-00048700 this is so to speak TGeVn9IeIc8-00195-00048700-00048900 catapult to a higher or TGeVn9IeIc8-00196-00048900-00049300 other timeline and the removal of TGeVn9IeIc8-00197-00049300-00049500 all these energy fields yes and then TGeVn9IeIc8-00198-00049500-00049700 it goes on in the seventh fiber where you TGeVn9IeIc8-00199-00049700-00049900 internet free 1000 thereby something TGeVn9IeIc8-00200-00049900-00050200 very special prepared for you and TGeVn9IeIc8-00201-00050200-00050400 you fly in the free TGeVn9IeIc8-00202-00050400-00050700 there is also a cosmic music TGeVn9IeIc8-00203-00050700-00050900 and resembles I there from the TGeVn9IeIc8-00204-00050900-00051200 nasa organ original recordings from TGeVn9IeIc8-00205-00051200-00051400 universe for you there you fed TGeVn9IeIc8-00206-00051400-00051500 you will not only get there TGeVn9IeIc8-00207-00051500-00051800 can imagine that you are really through TGeVn9IeIc8-00208-00051800-00052000 you fly the cosmos you also hear what TGeVn9IeIc8-00209-00052000-00052300 developer is audible in the cosmos and TGeVn9IeIc8-00210-00052300-00052400 this is probably the one that always goes from TGeVn9IeIc8-00211-00052400-00052600 the volume down and on in such a way TGeVn9IeIc8-00212-00052600-00052700 wants and at the end the last eight TGeVn9IeIc8-00213-00052700-00052800 minutes TGeVn9IeIc8-00214-00052800-00053100 this ferry disappears completely and TGeVn9IeIc8-00215-00053100-00053400 you only hear the music of TGeVn9IeIc8-00216-00053400-00053700 free and in these last 20 TGeVn9IeIc8-00217-00053700-00053900 minutes I also had my mine TGeVn9IeIc8-00218-00053900-00054300 experience and the other video TGeVn9IeIc8-00219-00054300-00054500 introduce exactly or the results TGeVn9IeIc8-00220-00054500-00054700 and this is how frequency worked TGeVn9IeIc8-00221-00054700-00054900 a great adventure and you can do it TGeVn9IeIc8-00222-00054900-00055100 really see as another at TGeVn9IeIc8-00223-00055100-00055300 cleaning and as a distance from TGeVn9IeIc8-00224-00055300-00055500 negative systems TGeVn9IeIc8-00225-00055500-00055800 you go and purify the water TGeVn9IeIc8-00226-00055800-00056000 calibrate you there nine dead the TGeVn9IeIc8-00227-00056000-00056200 Wasserstadt then comes somewhere else TGeVn9IeIc8-00228-00056200-00056400 beautiful place probably heavenly fill and TGeVn9IeIc8-00229-00056400-00056600 conditions and then you fly your TGeVn9IeIc8-00230-00056600-00056900 heaven and away from them TGeVn9IeIc8-00231-00056900-00057000 whole energies and systems and then TGeVn9IeIc8-00232-00057000-00057200 are you free and there is that TGeVn9IeIc8-00233-00057200-00057600 is also the frequency of creation and TGeVn9IeIc8-00234-00057600-00057900 on there you will be connected with TGeVn9IeIc8-00235-00057900-00058000 the universe connects you and caster TGeVn9IeIc8-00236-00058000-00058300 a new time, so to speak TGeVn9IeIc8-00237-00058300-00058800 and then experience something completely TGeVn9IeIc8-00238-00058800-00059000 interesting and yes and after that catches TGeVn9IeIc8-00239-00059000-00059200 then really a new timeline because TGeVn9IeIc8-00240-00059200-00059400 I've got it I'll become another TGeVn9IeIc8-00241-00059400-00059800 kept what happened then TGeVn9IeIc8-00242-00059800-00060100 not only physically but also on the TGeVn9IeIc8-00243-00060100-00060300 trip mental and then overnight TGeVn9IeIc8-00244-00060300-00060500 wake up a physical experience where TGeVn9IeIc8-00245-00060500-00060700 led where you realize that TGeVn9IeIc8-00246-00060700-00060800 your physical reality completely new TGeVn9IeIc8-00247-00060800-00061200 adapted and to a new one TGeVn9IeIc8-00248-00061200-00061400 timeline gets good that's it TGeVn9IeIc8-00249-00061400-00061600 I wish you much joy with the TGeVn9IeIc8-00250-00061600-00061700 should the frequency i could do a lot TGeVn9IeIc8-00251-00061700-00061900 talk more about it but let's go TGeVn9IeIc8-00252-00061900-00062000 the website and separates it all TGeVn9IeIc8-00253-00062000-00062200 I got all of them at another TGeVn9IeIc8-00254-00062200-00062400 information in the text and man TGeVn9IeIc8-00255-00062400-00062500 definitely watch the usage video TGeVn9IeIc8-00256-00062500-00062700 at TGeVn9IeIc8-00257-00062700-00062900 whatever I upload in parallel TGeVn9IeIc8-00258-00062900-00063200 that you just got this frequency right TGeVn9IeIc8-00259-00063200-00063400 uses and most effectively with it TGeVn9IeIc8-00260-00063400-00063600 so your results produce a lot TGeVn9IeIc8-00261-00063600-00063800 fun and until the next video TGeVn9IeIc8-00262-00063800-00064200 [Music] TGeVn9IeIc8-00263-00064200-00065000 [Laughter] TGeVn9IeIc8-00264-00065000-00065100 [Music] TJAroIjkimc-00000-00001440-00001512 i just closed TJAroIjkimc-00001-00001752-00002984 bend down TJAroIjkimc-00002-00005680-00005704 you're TJAroIjkimc-00003-00007095-00007495 so my top tip for conventional deadlift is always make sure TJAroIjkimc-00004-00007720-00008424 make sure the bathtub is as close to your body as possible make sure TK3oqYlCocM-00000-00000017-00000551 This is the Immigrant Story of Micaela Sanchez and her family. TK3oqYlCocM-00001-00000551-00001238 Originally from Lima, Peru, they came to the United State, in specific Salt Lake City, TK3oqYlCocM-00002-00001238-00001932 Utah, when Micaela was only four years old and the year was 2000. TK3oqYlCocM-00003-00001932-00002472 Micaela is pictured on the left here in one of the last photos she has from Peru. TK3oqYlCocM-00004-00002472-00003071 Not to long after taking this picture her and her family relocated to a whole new culture TK3oqYlCocM-00005-00003071-00003411 and to a whole new way of life. TK3oqYlCocM-00006-00003411-00003953 This story begins when Micaela and her family touched down in Salt Lake City, Utah. TK3oqYlCocM-00007-00003953-00004415 Since Micaela was only four when she moved away from Lima, Peru, she doesn’t remember TK3oqYlCocM-00008-00004415-00004678 much of her life back there. TK3oqYlCocM-00009-00004678-00005300 Instead she remembers how her family carried the culture of Peru to Salt Lake City and TK3oqYlCocM-00010-00005300-00005721 also how they assimilated to their new culture. TK3oqYlCocM-00011-00005721-00006385 When Micaela, her brother Andreas, her father Luis, and her mother Silvia first arrived TK3oqYlCocM-00012-00006385-00007138 in Salt Lake City, Utah they lived near Conwood Heights and Micaela remembers when her family TK3oqYlCocM-00013-00007138-00007653 started to interact with the new culture they all started to change, her father and her TK3oqYlCocM-00014-00007653-00007793 mother especially. TK3oqYlCocM-00015-00007793-00008457 In her first few years living in her new culture in Salt Lake, Micaela remembers seeing less TK3oqYlCocM-00016-00008457-00008782 and less of her father Luis. TK3oqYlCocM-00017-00008782-00009385 Micaela remembers only seeing him at night when he came home from his job as a personal TK3oqYlCocM-00018-00009385-00009696 contractor. TK3oqYlCocM-00019-00009696-00010136 In their first few years living in Utah, Michael remembers just how stressed her mother and TK3oqYlCocM-00020-00010136-00010765 father were with their new work load, trying to learn the new language of English, and TK3oqYlCocM-00021-00010765-00011064 trying to learn the in and outs of the new culture. TK3oqYlCocM-00022-00011064-00011596 However, along with the negatives came some positives. TK3oqYlCocM-00023-00011596-00011961 Sanchez family moved to a nicer part of town called Suncrest. TK3oqYlCocM-00024-00011961-00012596 Michael’s parents, Silvia and Luis, started to make the most of their new life. TK3oqYlCocM-00025-00012596-00013115 They started to buy designer clothes, take vacations, buy a couple of cars, and develop TK3oqYlCocM-00026-00013115-00013668 their dream house, all things that weren’t available Peru. TK3oqYlCocM-00027-00013668-00014243 This when Micaela realized the two identities within her family, the American side and the TK3oqYlCocM-00028-00014243-00014416 Peruvian side. TK3oqYlCocM-00029-00014416-00014995 From a viewers perspective, the Sanchez family looked like an everyday middle class family TK3oqYlCocM-00030-00014995-00015579 with a couple of cars, a pretty decent house, and a little bit of spending money. TK3oqYlCocM-00031-00015579-00016168 However, within the Sanchez residence, the culture was Peruvian. TK3oqYlCocM-00032-00016168-00016650 Her father still listened to Peruvian music, her mother still cooked Peruvian food, and TK3oqYlCocM-00033-00016650-00017190 the textiles and artwork around the house were mainly Peruvian. TK3oqYlCocM-00034-00017190-00017581 And of course they spoke in Spanish. TK3oqYlCocM-00035-00017581-00018233 This is a perfect example of how an immigrant family, like the Sanchez family, can come TK3oqYlCocM-00036-00018233-00018842 to the United States of America, assimilate to the culture to a certain degree, but also TK3oqYlCocM-00037-00018842-00019131 retain the culture of their home land. TK3oqYlCocM-00038-00019131-00019926 Sure, the Sanchez family came here, they became American, and they became citizens, but they TK3oqYlCocM-00039-00019926-00020433 will always retain the Peruvian side of their identity for the rest of their lives. TLwQHSj3SCg-00000-00000166-00000380 NAVAL BEACH UNIT 7 SUPPORTS A VARIETY OF TLwQHSj3SCg-00001-00000380-00000480 MISSIONS. TLwQHSj3SCg-00002-00000480-00000680 INCLUDING WORKING WITH AND TRAINING THEIR TLwQHSj3SCg-00003-00000680-00000880 COUNTERPARTS IN THE JAPAN MARITIME SELF DEFENSE TLwQHSj3SCg-00004-00000880-00000990 FORCE. TLwQHSj3SCg-00005-00000990-00001261 LANDING CRAFT AIR CUSHION 21 AND THE JAPANESE LCAC TLwQHSj3SCg-00006-00001261-00001498 UNIT 1 CAME TOGETHER FOR THE FIRST TIME FOR TLwQHSj3SCg-00007-00001498-00001718 CONTINGENCY OPERATION EXERCISES. TLwQHSj3SCg-00008-00001718-00002085 WE HAVE TO CONNECT WITH U.S. TLwQHSj3SCg-00009-00002085-00002455 COUNTRY FOR PROTECTING THE JAPANESE LAND, TLwQHSj3SCg-00010-00002455-00002822 SO IT SHOWS FRIENDSHIP WITH U.S. TLwQHSj3SCg-00011-00002822-00002959 AND JAPANESE. TLwQHSj3SCg-00012-00002959-00003176 BOTH UNITS CONDUCTED FORMATION RUNS AND TLwQHSj3SCg-00013-00003176-00003403 EVENTUALLY LANDED IN THE WELL DECK OF THE JAPANESE TLwQHSj3SCg-00014-00003403-00003703 DEFENSE SHIP SHIMOKITA TO CROSS DECK CRAFTS. TLwQHSj3SCg-00015-00003703-00004000 BEING ABLE TO INTEGRATE WITH THE JAPANESE NAVY TLwQHSj3SCg-00016-00004000-00004361 JUST GETS TO A POINT WHERE WE'LL BE ABLE TO MOVE MORE TLwQHSj3SCg-00017-00004361-00004561 MARINES ASHORE, AND THEIR EQUIPMENT, TLwQHSj3SCg-00018-00004561-00004864 AND HAVE THE JAPANESE THERE TO BACK US UP AND TLwQHSj3SCg-00019-00004864-00004964 VICE VERSA. TLwQHSj3SCg-00020-00005031-00005178 PETTY OFFICER SARAH VILLEGAS, TLwQHSj3SCg-00021-00005178-00005388 FLEET ACTIVITIES SASEBO, JAPAN. TLNJVRuVmsY-00000-00000000-00000400 Hello everyone. I've been sick for the past couple days TLNJVRuVmsY-00001-00000400-00000600 *Dramatic cough* TLNJVRuVmsY-00002-00000600-00000900 Today I have a fun challenge prepared for you TLNJVRuVmsY-00003-00000900-00001300 Let's see if I can win in a race against an elevator. I am here for the challenge TLNJVRuVmsY-00004-00001300-00001550 I am here at a 10 story apartment building TLNJVRuVmsY-00005-00001550-00001880 It's not really a difficult challenge for me (what are you even saying?) TLNJVRuVmsY-00006-00001880-00002339 If it's 63 building (63 story building in S. Korea), that's like a mid level challenge? TLNJVRuVmsY-00007-00002360-00002530 Ready... Get set... TLNJVRuVmsY-00008-00002530-00002800 GO! TLNJVRuVmsY-00009-00002890-00003100 This is insane TLNJVRuVmsY-00010-00003160-00003700 We actually rehearsed earlier and up to the 3rd floor he was winning TLNJVRuVmsY-00011-00003800-00004184 I am watching him in the action camera TLNJVRuVmsY-00012-00004400-00004820 It's so fast TLNJVRuVmsY-00013-00005150-00005401 k I am on the 10th floor TLNJVRuVmsY-00014-00005700-00005890 The elevator won TLNJVRuVmsY-00015-00006395-00006495 hello? LOL TLNJVRuVmsY-00016-00006523-00006623 LOL Hello? TLNJVRuVmsY-00017-00006702-00006900 Thought you said you'll win the first try LOL TLNJVRuVmsY-00018-00006900-00007050 You're crawling LOL TLNJVRuVmsY-00019-00007050-00007300 Challenge failed TLNJVRuVmsY-00020-00007509-00007700 LOL breathe, breathe TLNJVRuVmsY-00021-00007750-00008300 Let's switch it up. we're going to race down from the 10th floor to the 1st floor TLNJVRuVmsY-00022-00008320-00008600 Racing down I can win for sure You sure you can win? YA TLNJVRuVmsY-00023-00008600-00008880 3... 2...1 TLNJVRuVmsY-00024-00008880-00009000 GO! TLNJVRuVmsY-00025-00009200-00009500 Wow this is impossible TLNJVRuVmsY-00026-00009500-00009900 He's trying so hard LOLOL TLNJVRuVmsY-00027-00010300-00011300 *struggling* TLNJVRuVmsY-00028-00011700-00011900 I have arrived on the 1st floor TLNJVRuVmsY-00030-00013300-00013450 Mr.Malwang where are you? TLNJVRuVmsY-00031-00013683-00013783 FAILED TLNJVRuVmsY-00032-00013810-00013912 FAILED TLNJVRuVmsY-00033-00014400-00014513 *vomits* LOL TLNJVRuVmsY-00034-00014600-00014804 It's because I am sick FAILED TLNJVRuVmsY-00035-00014804-00014900 FAILED.... TLNJVRuVmsY-00036-00014900-00015200 Malwang's challenge win in a race against an elevator. FAIL TLNJVRuVmsY-00037-00015200-00015400 low.. baRRR TLNJVRuVmsY-00038-00015600-00015800 Please subscribe~ TSC9Aj7kAp4-00000-00000072-00000728 okay students uh we have launched the ibps so marketing course for this year we are providing TSC9Aj7kAp4-00001-00000728-00001376 the classes for pre and the mains exams and we are covering each and every topic all the subjects TSC9Aj7kAp4-00002-00001376-00001904 so there are video classes that you can watch anytime and then there are live sessions we are TSC9Aj7kAp4-00003-00001904-00002464 providing the study material that you can download on your dashboard right you can download the pdfs TSC9Aj7kAp4-00004-00002528-00003080 there are mock test series we are providing 10 full-length tests for both pre and the mains exams TSC9Aj7kAp4-00005-00003144-00003600 then there are unit tests and we are providing special attention to the professional knowledge TSC9Aj7kAp4-00006-00003600-00004112 section so students we are not just providing the courses for the marketing there are course for the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00007-00004112-00004728 courses for the hr and the law officer right systematic study plan is provided and we TSC9Aj7kAp4-00008-00004728-00005288 provide the interview preparation guidance right once the exams are over we are going to provide TSC9Aj7kAp4-00009-00005288-00005880 you interview preparation course right so list of our students who crack the exams using the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00010-00005936-00006672 bank exams today's courses in previous years in 2021 there were just 60 vacancies and TSC9Aj7kAp4-00011-00006672-00007472 out of those 60 six students were from our batch and then in 2020 119 students finally TSC9Aj7kAp4-00012-00007559-00008031 got selected all these students that took our courses and they cracked their respective exams TSC9Aj7kAp4-00013-00008031-00008712 right and in 2019 all these students so we have an experience of like six years to TSC9Aj7kAp4-00014-00008776-00009800 for teaching for ibpso marketing in 2021 2020 2019 so this year we got 535 vacancies for TSC9Aj7kAp4-00015-00009800-00010424 only marketing so marketing so it's a golden opportunity i would say right so if there is TSC9Aj7kAp4-00016-00010424-00010984 any doubt in your mind you can drop us a whatsapp message nine zero six seven two zero TSC9Aj7kAp4-00017-00010984-00011608 one triple zero this is our whatsapp number now let's get back to the session thank you TSC9Aj7kAp4-00018-00011864-00012368 so the direction says each of the question given below consists of a statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00019-00012368-00012816 or a question and two statements number one and two are given below TSC9Aj7kAp4-00020-00012816-00013272 so like this is this is a kind of general statement but uh you can um you may see TSC9Aj7kAp4-00021-00013432-00014088 two or three or maybe four statements clubbed with a question so what is it there like uh like in TSC9Aj7kAp4-00022-00014088-00014584 this question you'll be uh given a statement and following the statement there will be a question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00023-00014584-00014936 that there are two mixture like this there are two measure m and n and what will be the total TSC9Aj7kAp4-00024-00014936-00015456 quantity of mixture and in the beginning so total quantity of mixture end in the beginning right so TSC9Aj7kAp4-00025-00015456-00015960 the mixture is containing spirit and water and you have to tell the total quantity of the mixture so TSC9Aj7kAp4-00026-00015960-00016432 this is the question to answer this question there will be some statements given like statement first TSC9Aj7kAp4-00027-00016432-00017040 and statement two so you need to find out whether the information given in statement one alone is TSC9Aj7kAp4-00028-00017040-00017568 sufficient or state or information or data given in statement two alone is sufficient to answer TSC9Aj7kAp4-00029-00017568-00018136 that question asked right or you you you require both the statements or neither of the statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00030-00018136-00018856 can answer this answer this question so these are some types of situations here so this is a general TSC9Aj7kAp4-00031-00018856-00019416 general kind of you know directions and directions for the questions clubbed with two statements TSC9Aj7kAp4-00032-00019416-00019904 there's a general kind of selection you may you may see three or four statements come up with TSC9Aj7kAp4-00033-00019904-00020456 a question as well for that case obviously the options will be something some different but you TSC9Aj7kAp4-00034-00020456-00021032 may get the idea that what kind of options will you see when you see a statement club with two TSC9Aj7kAp4-00035-00021032-00021608 statements here for instance like uh give answer a if the statement one is alone too sufficient TSC9Aj7kAp4-00036-00021608-00022112 to answer the question and answer b if statement two is alone is sufficient to answer the question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00037-00022176-00022712 and answer c if the data either in statement one or in statement two either one using either one of TSC9Aj7kAp4-00038-00022712-00023408 the statements is sufficient to answer answer d if both statements are required answer e if statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00039-00023408-00023864 if the data in statement one and two together are necessary so this is a general kind of instruction TSC9Aj7kAp4-00040-00023864-00024360 for a question club with two statements and you might see some different options uh when um TSC9Aj7kAp4-00041-00024456-00025168 when you see a three or four statements with a single question okay so uh to say uh by while TSC9Aj7kAp4-00042-00025168-00025624 saying this by saying this you can get a rough idea what kind of options do you see you know TSC9Aj7kAp4-00043-00025624-00026224 in these kinds of questions okay so let's try to find out uh how to tackle this question and TSC9Aj7kAp4-00044-00026224-00026808 how to approach this question first and foremost information that is required or you can say the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00045-00026808-00027664 tip that is required is never try to find out the exact value exact numerical value of any answer TSC9Aj7kAp4-00046-00027664-00028016 for example if you're saying what will in the question first what will be the total TSC9Aj7kAp4-00047-00028016-00028560 mixed quantity of mixture and you need not find the exact value of quantity of mixture in like TSC9Aj7kAp4-00048-00028560-00029176 10 liters 12 meter 50 liter whatever it is users need to find out can the information can the data TSC9Aj7kAp4-00049-00029176-00030032 which is given in the statements is sufficient again that data we use to find out the answer TSC9Aj7kAp4-00050-00030032-00030512 right you just need to find out that you don't need to solve the whole question you just need to TSC9Aj7kAp4-00051-00030512-00031376 have a idea that can scan the statement a single statement or combining two statements can be you TSC9Aj7kAp4-00052-00031376-00031944 know done to find out the answer so let's start with the session here let's start with question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00053-00031944-00032527 number first it says there are two mixtures of spirit and water so there are two mixtures TSC9Aj7kAp4-00054-00032695-00033408 of spirit and modern those two mixtures are named m and n those two mix mixtures are named m and m TSC9Aj7kAp4-00055-00033408-00034040 okay and these mixtures contain spirit and water they have two uh two constituents TSC9Aj7kAp4-00056-00034040-00034432 spirit and water so let's just say make sure one is containing TSC9Aj7kAp4-00057-00034432-00035424 s1 and w1 and similarly s2 and w2 are two constituents of n right so now it also says TSC9Aj7kAp4-00058-00035424-00036400 the quantities of spirit in both the mixtures is 460 units so i can say s1 plus s2 is equal to 460 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00059-00036520-00037176 okay now the ratio of spirit and water the statement first says this ratio of spirit and TSC9Aj7kAp4-00060-00037176-00037840 water in the mixture n is three ratio five so in the mixture n the spirit the ratio of the spirit TSC9Aj7kAp4-00061-00037840-00038640 and water is 3 ratio 5 so i can say it is like this and let's just say it is 3x and 5x right now TSC9Aj7kAp4-00062-00038640-00039384 the quantity of water in the mixture m is 340 units so the value of w1 will be equal to 340 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00063-00039640-00040488 right so can we can we see that only the statement first can is sufficient to answer the question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00064-00040552-00041144 because you can see you can see s1 plus 3x is equal to 360. that's it this is the question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00065-00041200-00041912 this is the information here and also can we use this information any uh you know anyway i don't TSC9Aj7kAp4-00066-00041912-00042368 think so because what will be the total quantity of mixture and this is the question so i need to TSC9Aj7kAp4-00067-00042368-00043120 find out what will be the value of 8x so anyhow if you can if i can find out if i can find out TSC9Aj7kAp4-00068-00043240-00043952 the value of x here so i can say that but the value of w one is given right TSC9Aj7kAp4-00069-00044056-00044576 and we have a equation here so until and unless i find out i find out the value of s one TSC9Aj7kAp4-00070-00044576-00045192 i can't say what will be the value of x right so statement one and one is of no use here TSC9Aj7kAp4-00071-00045272-00046016 now statement second if the if one seventh of mixture n is mixed with mixture m so one TSC9Aj7kAp4-00072-00046016-00046736 seventh of mixture m that is one by seven of s1 plus 340 it is added to mixture TSC9Aj7kAp4-00073-00046888-00047440 oh no uh one by seventh of mixture and that is 8x right TSC9Aj7kAp4-00074-00047640-00048760 plus mixture m that is s1 plus 340 s1 plus 340 right it is equal to TSC9Aj7kAp4-00075-00048944-00049816 630 it is equal to 6 30 so can i uh can i find out the value of x here TSC9Aj7kAp4-00076-00050000-00050592 well that is obvious here because you can see s1 and x are two variables here in equation one and TSC9Aj7kAp4-00077-00050592-00051072 here also you can see s1 plus this x these are two variables here so for two variables there TSC9Aj7kAp4-00078-00051072-00051616 are two equations and we can easily find out the value of x and s one as well so if we if we can TSC9Aj7kAp4-00079-00051616-00051920 find out the values well what is the value of x so we can easily find out what is the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00080-00051920-00052544 value of 3x and 5x as well so hence i can find out what will be the total quantity of mixture TSC9Aj7kAp4-00081-00052544-00053279 n in this case and i want these two equations to find out that answer and these two equations TSC9Aj7kAp4-00082-00053279-00053696 the first equation was given by the statement first and the second equation is TSC9Aj7kAp4-00083-00053696-00054336 is given by the by the statement second so i can say that both these statements are required TSC9Aj7kAp4-00084-00054416-00054808 and both the statements are required to answer the question both the statements are required TSC9Aj7kAp4-00085-00054808-00055384 to answer the question so i i will say statement one both the statements one and both the statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00086-00055440-00055928 and statement two are required to answer the question okay let's move to the next question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00087-00056128-00056896 so three persons x y and z each cover a certain distance of t kilometers y takes five hours TSC9Aj7kAp4-00088-00056896-00057584 less than x to cover the given distance and find the speed of y TSC9Aj7kAp4-00089-00057679-00058567 okay so we have question here so uh that y takes five hours less than x y bar is less than x to uh TSC9Aj7kAp4-00090-00058800-00059312 to do to do this and uh to cover the distance and we have to find out the speed of y TSC9Aj7kAp4-00091-00059391-00060144 for that the statements are given like y running with a speed of 50 meters per second covers the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00092-00060144-00060952 given distance in 2.5 apps so i can easily find out what is the value of distance here and that TSC9Aj7kAp4-00093-00060952-00061791 will be equal to distance is equal to speed into time so we can find out the value of distance here TSC9Aj7kAp4-00094-00061888-00062496 now to find out the speed of y i can say that uh the distance is required and divided by TSC9Aj7kAp4-00095-00062576-00063120 time taken by y to cover that distance is also required so we have found out the value of we TSC9Aj7kAp4-00096-00063120-00063696 have find out the value of distance and it is also clear that statement first first statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00097-00063696-00064112 is not sufficient to answer the question because it only tells us about the distance TSC9Aj7kAp4-00098-00064184-00064984 right now let's see the test what is the statement second says it says if the speed of y had been 20 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00099-00064984-00065576 25 percent less so whatever the speed of y let's just say the speed of original speed TSC9Aj7kAp4-00100-00065576-00066408 was s y one and now the change speed is s by 2 so it if the speed of y had been 20 percent TSC9Aj7kAp4-00101-00066408-00066992 25 percent less so that means the ratio will be four ratio three right yeah section four x TSC9Aj7kAp4-00102-00067320-00068088 of is speed of x and similarly speed of x if uh speed of x had been 25 percent more TSC9Aj7kAp4-00103-00068160-00068896 then i can say uh sx1 was the original speed of x and sx2 is a changed one so 25 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00104-00068896-00069280 more that means four ratio five this will be the ratio and i can say TSC9Aj7kAp4-00105-00069336-00070184 if the original speed was four y then now the change speed will be five seconds TSC9Aj7kAp4-00106-00070720-00071232 now we already know that both x and y are covering the equal distance so distance is same for them TSC9Aj7kAp4-00107-00071424-00071992 right and he is also saying now if the distance is same then speed is directly proportional to time TSC9Aj7kAp4-00108-00072048-00072592 and now he is saying the time is time taken by them is also equal how is it possible then TSC9Aj7kAp4-00109-00072856-00073456 can anyone tell me if distance is constant if distance uh covered by both entities is same TSC9Aj7kAp4-00110-00073456-00074200 and time taken is also same then obviously their speed the speed will also be equal speed will also TSC9Aj7kAp4-00111-00074200-00075104 be equal and that means that the second one that the second their change speeds are equal right TSC9Aj7kAp4-00112-00075104-00075680 because if it had been if the speed of i had been 25 percent less that means 3x and if the speed TSC9Aj7kAp4-00113-00075680-00076376 of x had been 25 more that means 5y if if this would have been the speeds then on then in that TSC9Aj7kAp4-00114-00076376-00076968 condition both of them would have taken the equal time so this means this the chain speeds is also TSC9Aj7kAp4-00115-00076968-00077896 equal so 3x is equals to 5y and it means x ratio y we can find out x ratio y is equal to 5 over 3. TSC9Aj7kAp4-00116-00078152-00079184 okay so is it of any help here is it of any any help here like x over y okay so that we have the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00117-00079184-00080008 ratio and it has also been said that y takes 5 r's less than x so it is talking about the original TSC9Aj7kAp4-00118-00080008-00080856 time taken by y and original times taken by x so we have a relation here so i can say t by 1 is TSC9Aj7kAp4-00119-00080856-00081880 equals to t x 1 minus 5 right this is the equation so t by 1 minus d x 1 should be equal to 5 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00120-00082112-00082672 right and that will be equal to distance traveled divided by speed TSC9Aj7kAp4-00121-00082672-00082912 and distance level divided by speed TSC9Aj7kAp4-00122-00083128-00083920 right so distance tell by speed first weight is 4x uh first speed of 5 is 4 x original speed of TSC9Aj7kAp4-00123-00083920-00084592 y is 4 x and original speed of x is 4 y is equals to 5 and we can find out and and also we have the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00124-00084680-00085016 the relation between x and y here in this in this equation as well TSC9Aj7kAp4-00125-00085072-00085392 and we have in this equation as well we have two variables TSC9Aj7kAp4-00126-00085456-00086080 we already know the value of d here right if we take the information of uh first statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00127-00086080-00086648 if we use the information first statement that is distance if we use d here if we use d here TSC9Aj7kAp4-00128-00086648-00087168 so we can and there will be only uh two variables x and y here and for that two equations will also TSC9Aj7kAp4-00129-00087168-00087688 be there so we can easily find out what will be the value of x and y here and once we find out TSC9Aj7kAp4-00130-00087688-00088352 the value of x and y we can find out the original values of speed of y and speed of x as well and so TSC9Aj7kAp4-00131-00088352-00089088 i can say that clubbing first and second we can find out what is the answer to the question asked TSC9Aj7kAp4-00132-00089368-00089600 but it TSC9Aj7kAp4-00133-00091232-00091696 and don't stop there uh you know explore for some other options as TSC9Aj7kAp4-00134-00091696-00091968 well so that you can see what are the total possible options TSC9Aj7kAp4-00135-00092344-00092584 the third statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00136-00092800-00093552 if the speed of x had been 25 percent less so let's just say original sx or change that TSC9Aj7kAp4-00137-00093552-00094200 speed with x x 2 so if it had been 25 percent less that means the ratio will be 4 ratio 3 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00138-00094256-00094832 right or i can say 4 that or three z values only right TSC9Aj7kAp4-00139-00095248-00095488 so then it would have taken nine hours more TSC9Aj7kAp4-00140-00095592-00095992 so now the distance being covered by x in both the condition is same TSC9Aj7kAp4-00141-00096096-00096760 right here in this option distance covered by x in both the condition is same right and TSC9Aj7kAp4-00142-00096760-00097344 soul speed will be inversely proportional to time so i can say tx1 and tx2 the ratio will be equal TSC9Aj7kAp4-00143-00097344-00097984 to 3 ratio 4 now the difference here is 1 unit and the value of one unit is given here 9 so i TSC9Aj7kAp4-00144-00097984-00098800 can easily find out what will be the value of time here so time will be time will be dx1 like 27 here TSC9Aj7kAp4-00145-00098800-00099496 tx2 36 here right we can easily find out the value of dx1 and dx2 and once we find out the value of TSC9Aj7kAp4-00146-00099496-00100512 tx1 i can easily find out the value of i can easily find out the value of here t y 1 as well TSC9Aj7kAp4-00147-00100728-00101472 right t y 1 as well because t y 1 is equal to 2 x 1 minus 5 this is the uh this is the information TSC9Aj7kAp4-00148-00101472-00102136 given in the statement itself right so now i can find out the value of t y 1 s as well TSC9Aj7kAp4-00149-00102136-00102816 and i have find out the value of distance as well in the first statement so now clubbing the first TSC9Aj7kAp4-00150-00102880-00103359 and third statement as well if i clap the first statement that is the distance i have found out TSC9Aj7kAp4-00151-00103359-00103735 and third statement is giving the information about time taken TSC9Aj7kAp4-00152-00103735-00104416 by y so if i clap the first and third statements then also i can find out the answer to this TSC9Aj7kAp4-00153-00104416-00105208 question so i can say clubbing either first or second or either first and second TSC9Aj7kAp4-00154-00105511-00106335 or first and third i can easily find out the value clear TSC9Aj7kAp4-00155-00106544-00107152 so i hope you have uh you have understood this question so this is the way we should approach the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00156-00107152-00107824 questions of data sufficiency now let's move to the next question find the cost price of TSC9Aj7kAp4-00157-00107824-00108511 item set what is the cost price of item set now item set is marked up by sixty percent TSC9Aj7kAp4-00158-00108511-00109200 so marked up by sixty percent means the ratio of marked price to cost price will be equal to TSC9Aj7kAp4-00159-00109311-00110111 8 ratio 5 right it will be equal to 8 ratio 5 and also the first statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00160-00110111-00110664 says now using only first i cannot say i cannot find out the value of c because only ratio is TSC9Aj7kAp4-00161-00110664-00111200 given horizon values might be some might be anything right we we just know the ratio as TSC9Aj7kAp4-00162-00111311-00112048 as uh as at this moment so right i cannot find out the value of cpr using the statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00163-00112048-00112711 one alone now statement second says selling price of the item set is more than 3700 now it is more TSC9Aj7kAp4-00164-00112711-00113680 than 2700 it may it might have any value like 2700 20 700 2750 2800 2900 or maybe one lakh two TSC9Aj7kAp4-00165-00113680-00114448 left it may have any value it isn't certain so it isn't giving giving me any certain information any TSC9Aj7kAp4-00166-00114448-00114983 certain information is not being provided by the second information so i cannot use this statement TSC9Aj7kAp4-00167-00115104-00115840 now the third statement profit earned on selling item set profit earned on selling item set TSC9Aj7kAp4-00168-00115840-00116400 is x percent and where x is any integer which is which is greater than or equal TSC9Aj7kAp4-00169-00116400-00117016 to 20 it is greater than or equal to 20 so there are many many many and many figures many TSC9Aj7kAp4-00170-00117016-00117432 numbers which are greater than and equal to 20 if you don't know about the profit TSC9Aj7kAp4-00171-00117432-00118032 percentage i here also no certain information is given so i cannot use this statement either TSC9Aj7kAp4-00172-00118183-00118904 right now for the fourth statement says item set is sold at 33.5 discount TSC9Aj7kAp4-00173-00118904-00119911 so from here i can only find out the ratio between ratio between mp and spm right and using these TSC9Aj7kAp4-00174-00119911-00120432 two statements first and forth i can find out the value or the combined ratio of mpcp and sp TSC9Aj7kAp4-00175-00120496-00121280 but but i cannot find out any numerical value because for finding the numerical value of cp TSC9Aj7kAp4-00176-00121280-00122016 here i need to have at least one numerical value either for discount right or for profit or for mp TSC9Aj7kAp4-00177-00122016-00122600 or for sp any one numerical value is required to find out the cost price of latency i have only the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00178-00122600-00123240 combined ratios i don't have any numerical value so i cannot find out the cost price of item set TSC9Aj7kAp4-00179-00123240-00123904 so neither of the statements none of the statements is sufficient to answer the question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00180-00124064-00124768 none of the statements is sufficient this is the answer here if the question would like that TSC9Aj7kAp4-00181-00124768-00125216 uh find out the cost price of item set if the discount is like this if the discount is like TSC9Aj7kAp4-00182-00125216-00125735 this or or the value of profit is given then i could have said the clubbing first and fourth TSC9Aj7kAp4-00183-00125735-00126304 statement i can find out that uh find out the combined ratio of mpcp and sp and here and hence TSC9Aj7kAp4-00184-00126304-00126783 i can find out the value what will be the value of discount in the terms of ratio and i can com TSC9Aj7kAp4-00185-00126783-00127264 i can equate it to the numerical value of t and i can easily find out what would be the value of TSC9Aj7kAp4-00186-00127264-00128016 cp here but nothing like this is given right and this were the case then combining first and fourth TSC9Aj7kAp4-00187-00128016-00128656 we could have find the find out the answer but now here in this situation i cannot find out any TSC9Aj7kAp4-00188-00128656-00129296 numerical value for the cross price of atom set clear okay so now let's move to the next question TSC9Aj7kAp4-00189-00129544-00130392 find the total amount invested by mr a so i can say is asking the principle TSC9Aj7kAp4-00190-00130600-00131296 principle so principle we have to find out and a statement first says a and b invested TSC9Aj7kAp4-00191-00131296-00131936 their amount at simple interest and compound interest respectively and the difference between TSC9Aj7kAp4-00192-00131936-00132816 the interest received by both after three years is 1500 so time here is given three years and also um TSC9Aj7kAp4-00193-00132816-00133688 let's say the interest obtained by a b right and interest obtained by a is 1500 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00194-00133912-00133962 okay TSC9Aj7kAp4-00195-00134280-00134768 so let's just say that it is i b minus i a is equal to 1500 okay TSC9Aj7kAp4-00196-00134912-00135672 so but can this statement be used to answer the question because we don't know the rate percentage TSC9Aj7kAp4-00197-00135896-00136432 right we don't know the rate percentage here we don't know what was the uh what was the principle TSC9Aj7kAp4-00198-00136432-00137096 for e and what was the principle for b so how can i use this information so this is of no use here TSC9Aj7kAp4-00199-00137096-00137456 similarly statement second the total amount received by mr b TSC9Aj7kAp4-00200-00137456-00138088 after two years is 4000 at compound interest so time here is given and then also interest is also TSC9Aj7kAp4-00201-00138088-00138808 given so amount is also given but what can i do if i don't know the amount the principal value for b TSC9Aj7kAp4-00202-00138808-00139408 right so both the statements are of no use here i cannot use any statement to find the answer TSC9Aj7kAp4-00203-00139408-00140376 so none of the statements can be can be used for answering the question okay now let's move to the TSC9Aj7kAp4-00204-00140376-00140936 next question and it is the last question of the session number of females in 2011 is what TSC9Aj7kAp4-00205-00140936-00141784 percentage of number of males in 2010 okay if the ratio of number of males to females in 2010 is TSC9Aj7kAp4-00206-00141784-00142816 three ratio two so i can say in 2010 the male to female ratio is three ratio two is three ratio two TSC9Aj7kAp4-00207-00142960-00143672 right and the difference is difference between them is 500 so i can say the difference here is TSC9Aj7kAp4-00208-00143672-00144200 1 and the value of 1 will be equal to 500 so i can easily find out what will be the value TSC9Aj7kAp4-00209-00144200-00144936 total number of male that will be equal to 1500 and female will be equal to 1000 right like this TSC9Aj7kAp4-00210-00145072-00145728 and statement second says but let's see let's just see here that statement one load is not sufficient TSC9Aj7kAp4-00211-00145728-00146416 because here in this question in the statement information is given only about 2010 only TSC9Aj7kAp4-00212-00146416-00147248 and i have to find out the ratio of females in 2011 and males in 2010 right so nothing no TSC9Aj7kAp4-00213-00147248-00147768 information is given about 2011 so statement one is not sufficient so now let's just see TSC9Aj7kAp4-00214-00147768-00148400 about statement second in 2011 the male to female ratio will be equal to six ratio five TSC9Aj7kAp4-00215-00148464-00149016 right and there is 20 percent growth in the number of males in 2011 as compared to 2010. TSC9Aj7kAp4-00216-00149088-00149696 so in 2010 number of meals were 1500 10 growth 20 growth we can easily find out TSC9Aj7kAp4-00217-00149768-00150408 what will be the value of number of males in 2011 right and once we can find out once we have found TSC9Aj7kAp4-00218-00150408-00151056 out the value of male in 2011 i can easily find out what will be the value of females here in 2011 TSC9Aj7kAp4-00219-00151176-00151904 right and hence i can find out the required ratio as well so it is evident here that TSC9Aj7kAp4-00220-00151904-00152432 state both the statements 1 and 2 are necessary to answer the question clear TSC9Aj7kAp4-00221-00152488-00152968 i need to find the exact value i can just say that in this information using the information TSC9Aj7kAp4-00222-00152968-00153544 of both the statements i can find out the answer so this is sufficient right so like this we can TSC9Aj7kAp4-00223-00153544-00154112 solve the questions of data sufficiency i i hope you have understood the concept and approach here TSC9Aj7kAp4-00224-00154168-00154600 and if you have any questions any query you can raise it and it will be resolved right TSC9Aj7kAp4-00225-00154600-00155288 and now you can purchase for more uh for more detail you know explanation of of the questions TSC9Aj7kAp4-00226-00155288-00155824 like this and for practicing more and more uh questions like this and again you know getting TSC9Aj7kAp4-00227-00155984-00156648 getting the questions and uh practice sets like this and uh to learn everything in detail and TSC9Aj7kAp4-00228-00156648-00157040 comprehensive manner you can purchase our badge you can subscribe to the batch and TSC9Aj7kAp4-00229-00157112-00157488 it will be a lot more beneficial for you to clear the examination