g_bNwt5u6fU-00000-00000050-00000750 What is peace for you? g_bNwt5u6fU-00001-00001001-00001501 Peace in Colombia means a process of deep democratization which g_bNwt5u6fU-00002-00001501-00002002 unfortunately we have not been able to achieve in many years that has a lot to do with g_bNwt5u6fU-00003-00002002-00002502 the physical implementation of human rights for the entire population of Colombia. g_bNwt5u6fU-00004-00002502-00003003 Peace in Colombia means that we can achieve, g_bNwt5u6fU-00005-00003003-00003503 as aspiring countries in the world, a state that guarantees g_bNwt5u6fU-00006-00003503-00004004 the rights of the population and not, instead, attack, where the demonstrations, g_bNwt5u6fU-00007-00004004-00004504 the actions of peasants, students, indigenous, g_bNwt5u6fU-00008-00004504-00005005 the actions of the victims are no longer considered g_bNwt5u6fU-00009-00005005-00005505 arguments or dangerous demonstrations and instead begin to be considered g_bNwt5u6fU-00010-00005505-00005999 elements builders of the country, the economy, the elements of the g_bNwt5u6fU-00011-00005999-00006499 democratic system builders. We believe that peace in Colombia, of course, also means, g_bNwt5u6fU-00012-00006499-00007000 at last, that we have these g_bNwt5u6fU-00013-00007000-00007500 rights that shape human dignity for the entire population, for everyone and especially g_bNwt5u6fU-00014-00007500-00008001 for those who have been sons and daughters of those who have been killed, who have been missing as a result of g_bNwt5u6fU-00015-00008001-00008501 his political activity, then, also means, the recognition of our condition g_bNwt5u6fU-00016-00008501-00009002 and from there the possibility that we can actively work to g_bNwt5u6fU-00017-00009002-00009502 transform, to prevent that consolidating the goals that have been wanted to consolidate with the extermination, g_bNwt5u6fU-00018-00009502-00010029 with the dispossession of the populations and so many social sectors in Colombia. gA6afcqn9ZM-00000-00000048-00000320 Today we continue our series on self-esteem. gA6afcqn9ZM-00001-00000320-00000826 The reason we are doing this miniseries is because many people in the PanicAttackRecovery.com gA6afcqn9ZM-00002-00000826-00001087 community have revealed self-esteem problems. gA6afcqn9ZM-00003-00001087-00001549 This makes sense because we believe self-esteem is at the heart of many difficulties. gA6afcqn9ZM-00004-00001549-00002086 We feel that if one can address this issue then he/she can improve life his/her life gA6afcqn9ZM-00005-00002086-00002282 in a variety of ways. gA6afcqn9ZM-00006-00002778-00003232 What you might be starting to note from watching our video series on self-esteem, is that when gA6afcqn9ZM-00007-00003233-00003602 we are not making suggestions that might seem that obvious. gA6afcqn9ZM-00008-00003602-00004257 This is because we believe the route to healthier self-esteem can be reached as a result of gA6afcqn9ZM-00009-00004257-00004816 healthy habits that can improve a variety of areas of your life, not just self-esteem. gA6afcqn9ZM-00010-00004816-00005376 This leads to our next suggestion: keeping commitments to yourself. gA6afcqn9ZM-00011-00005376-00005885 This is as simple as making sure that when you plan to do something, you actually do gA6afcqn9ZM-00012-00005885-00005985 it. gA6afcqn9ZM-00013-00005985-00006468 If you are constantly setting goals or making promises that you are going to do various gA6afcqn9ZM-00014-00006468-00006777 things and you don’t follow through, gA6afcqn9ZM-00015-00006777-00007427 this is going to really make you feel down, like you can’t ever have the wherewithal gA6afcqn9ZM-00016-00007427-00007527 to see things through. gA6afcqn9ZM-00017-00007527-00008164 The problem is that at times you won’t feel like following though, even with things you gA6afcqn9ZM-00018-00008164-00008322 enjoy doing. gA6afcqn9ZM-00019-00008322-00008622 So you have to push yourself at first. gA6afcqn9ZM-00020-00008622-00009120 Once you get going on something this can make all the difference in the world. gA6afcqn9ZM-00021-00009120-00009828 This relates to something called Anhedonia, which essentially refers to the loss of interest gA6afcqn9ZM-00022-00009828-00010246 in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. gA6afcqn9ZM-00023-00010246-00010485 This can happen to those with major depressive disorder. gA6afcqn9ZM-00024-00010485-00011335 However, to an extent a reduction in enjoyment can happen to those with anxiety and ADHD. gA6afcqn9ZM-00025-00011335-00011911 In such a case you might notice you just don’t feel like doing something you normally enjoy. gA6afcqn9ZM-00026-00011911-00012729 But the longer you remain away from an activity, the rustier you might become with the task. gA6afcqn9ZM-00027-00012729-00013200 This means that when you do feel motivated enough it is like you are starting all over gA6afcqn9ZM-00028-00013200-00013318 again. gA6afcqn9ZM-00029-00013318-00014044 The better alternative is to learn to set goals that are realistic for you and to ensure gA6afcqn9ZM-00030-00014044-00014410 that you accomplish them on a regular basis. gA6afcqn9ZM-00031-00014410-00014997 Keep your schedule light to begin with and then adjust it according to your individual gA6afcqn9ZM-00032-00014997-00015136 progress. gA6afcqn9ZM-00033-00015136-00015677 When we recommend goals, we recommend thinking about all aspects of your life: personal, gA6afcqn9ZM-00034-00015677-00015828 family, and professional. gA6afcqn9ZM-00035-00015828-00016219 By accomplishing goals you will feel much better. gA6afcqn9ZM-00036-00016219-00016617 This naturally can provide a boost for your self-esteem. gA6afcqn9ZM-00037-00016617-00017145 We hope that you have enjoyed this third video on self-esteem and look forward to presenting gA6afcqn9ZM-00038-00017145-00017344 a new video in the series next week. gA6afcqn9ZM-00039-00017344-00017807 To make sure that you don’t miss out on any of our content, please click on the card gA6afcqn9ZM-00040-00017807-00018209 on the upper right corner of this video and subscribe to our free newsletter. gBXis5e4QH0-00000-00000042-00000359 The Native File System API is now available and stable. gBXis5e4QH0-00001-00000435-00000680 There are new origin trials for WebHID gBXis5e4QH0-00002-00000680-00000995 and the multi-screen window placement API. gBXis5e4QH0-00003-00001053-00001241 There're some new stuff in CSS gBXis5e4QH0-00004-00001241-00001334 and plenty more. gBXis5e4QH0-00005-00001382-00001487 I'm Pete LePage. gBXis5e4QH0-00006-00001487-00001816 Let's dive in and see what's new for developers in Chrome 86. gBXis5e4QH0-00007-00001952-00002081 ♪ [music] ♪ gBXis5e4QH0-00008-00002367-00002635 Today, you can use the file input element gBXis5e4QH0-00009-00002635-00002769 to read a file from disk. gBXis5e4QH0-00010-00002834-00002989 To save changes, gBXis5e4QH0-00011-00002989-00003258 add download to an anchor tag gBXis5e4QH0-00012-00003258-00003521 and it'll show the file picker and then save the file. gBXis5e4QH0-00013-00003582-00004000 But there's no way to write back to that same file you opened. gBXis5e4QH0-00014-00004043-00004312 That workflow is annoying. gBXis5e4QH0-00015-00004346-00004438 It sucks. gBXis5e4QH0-00016-00004496-00004757 But with the Native File System API, gBXis5e4QH0-00017-00004757-00005192 you can call showOpenFilePicker which shows a file picker, gBXis5e4QH0-00018-00005192-00005539 then returns a file handle that you can use to read the file. gBXis5e4QH0-00019-00005592-00005764 To save a file to Disk, gBXis5e4QH0-00020-00005764-00006138 you can either use that same file handle that you got earlier, gBXis5e4QH0-00021-00006138-00006575 or call showSaveFilePicker to get a new file handle. gBXis5e4QH0-00022-00006611-00007037 Before writing, Chrome will check if the user has granted Write permission. gBXis5e4QH0-00023-00007080-00007330 If Write permission hasn't been granted, gBXis5e4QH0-00024-00007330-00007580 Chrome will prompt the user first. gBXis5e4QH0-00025-00007620-00008003 Calling showDirectoryPicker will open the directory, gBXis5e4QH0-00026-00008003-00008185 allowing you to get a list of files gBXis5e4QH0-00027-00008185-00008426 or create new files in that directory, gBXis5e4QH0-00028-00008455-00008765 perfect for things like IDEs, media players, gBXis5e4QH0-00029-00008765-00008986 and things that interact with a lot of files. gBXis5e4QH0-00030-00009010-00009247 Of course, before you can write anything, gBXis5e4QH0-00031-00009247-00009483 the user must grant Write permission. gBXis5e4QH0-00032-00009540-00009922 There's a lot more to the API, so check out the article on web.dev. gBXis5e4QH0-00033-00010013-00010277 There are two origin trials that I want to call out. gBXis5e4QH0-00034-00010333-00010751 Human interface devices, commonly referred to as HID, gBXis5e4QH0-00035-00010751-00011136 take input from or provides output to humans. gBXis5e4QH0-00036-00011215-00011481 There's a long tail of human interface devices gBXis5e4QH0-00037-00011481-00011733 that are just too new, too old, gBXis5e4QH0-00038-00011733-00012122 or uncommon to be accessible by this system's device drivers. gBXis5e4QH0-00039-00012189-00012654 The WebHID API, now available as an origin trial, solves this gBXis5e4QH0-00040-00012654-00013005 by providing a way to access these devices in JaveScript. gBXis5e4QH0-00041-00013083-00013572 With WebHID, web-based games can take full advantage of game pads gBXis5e4QH0-00042-00013572-00013782 including all the buttons, the joysticks, gBXis5e4QH0-00043-00013782-00014176 sensors, triggers, LEDs, Rumble Paks and more. gBXis5e4QH0-00044-00014235-00014596 Web-based video chat apps can use the telephony buttons gBXis5e4QH0-00045-00014596-00014927 on specialized speakers to start or end calls, gBXis5e4QH0-00046-00014927-00015120 mute the audio and more. gBXis5e4QH0-00047-00015153-00015618 Of course, powerful APIs like this can only interact with devices gBXis5e4QH0-00048-00015618-00015951 when the user explicitly chooses to allow it. gBXis5e4QH0-00049-00015981-00016248 Check the description for more details, examples, gBXis5e4QH0-00050-00016248-00016447 and how you can get started. gBXis5e4QH0-00051-00016495-00016771 Today, you can get the properties of the screen gBXis5e4QH0-00052-00016771-00017192 that the browser window is on by calling window.screen. gBXis5e4QH0-00053-00017192-00017470 But what if you have a multi-monitor setup? gBXis5e4QH0-00054-00017556-00018118 Sorry, the browser will only tell you about the screen that it's currently on. gBXis5e4QH0-00055-00018186-00018689 The multi-screen window placement API starts an origin trial in Chrome 86. gBXis5e4QH0-00056-00018742-00019155 It allows you to enumerate the screens connected to your machine gBXis5e4QH0-00057-00019155-00019457 and place windows on specific screens. gBXis5e4QH0-00058-00019546-00019904 Being able to place windows on specific screens is critical gBXis5e4QH0-00059-00019904-00020306 for things like presentation apps, financial service apps, and more. gBXis5e4QH0-00060-00020390-00020776 Before you can use the API, you'll need to request permission. gBXis5e4QH0-00061-00020776-00021084 If you don't, the browser will prompt the user gBXis5e4QH0-00062-00021084-00021226 when you first try to use it. gBXis5e4QH0-00063-00021274-00021717 Once the user has grant permission, calling window.getScreens gBXis5e4QH0-00064-00021717-00022085 returns a promise that resolves with an array of screen objects. gBXis5e4QH0-00065-00022161-00022526 I can then use that information when calling requestFullscreen gBXis5e4QH0-00066-00022526-00022743 or placing new windows. gBXis5e4QH0-00067-00022792-00023093 Tom has all the details in an article on web.dev. gBXis5e4QH0-00068-00023191-00023718 The new CSS selector focus visible, lets you opt into the same heuristics gBXis5e4QH0-00069-00023718-00023873 that the browser uses gBXis5e4QH0-00070-00023873-00024262 when deciding whether to display the default focus indicator. gBXis5e4QH0-00071-00024340-00024866 You can customize the color, size, or type of number or bullets gBXis5e4QH0-00072-00024866-00025266 for lists with the CSS marker pseudo element. gBXis5e4QH0-00073-00025311-00025683 And Chrome Dev Summit will be coming to a screen near you. gBXis5e4QH0-00074-00025683-00025981 So stay tuned to this channel for more information. gBXis5e4QH0-00075-00026081-00026569 All the details, including links, docs, and specs, are in the updates post gBXis5e4QH0-00076-00026569-00026695 linked in the description. gBXis5e4QH0-00077-00026745-00026947 Check out the latest Chrome DevTools video gBXis5e4QH0-00078-00026947-00027190 and don't forget to subscribe. gBXis5e4QH0-00079-00027190-00027283 I'm Pete Le Page gBXis5e4QH0-00080-00027283-00027502 and as soon as Chrome 87 is released, gBXis5e4QH0-00081-00027502-00027834 I'll be right here to tell you what's new in Chrome. gBXis5e4QH0-00082-00027945-00028088 ♪ [music] ♪ gD5z9hDJ6PY-00000-00000048-00000664 On December 29, the Ministry of Finance, the General Administration of Customs, gD5z9hDJ6PY-00001-00000664-00001312 and the State Administration of Taxation jointly announced the "Notice on the "Zero Tariff" Policy gD5z9hDJ6PY-00002-00001312-00001744 for Transportation vehicles including Yachts in the Hainan Free Trade Port", gD5z9hDJ6PY-00003-00001832-00002352 marking the release of the second "Zero Tariff" product list of the Hainan Free Trade Port. gD5z9hDJ6PY-00004-00002352-00002456 [FTP in progress] China Announced Hainan Zero Tariff” for imported vehicles including yachts gD5z9hDJ6PY-00005-00002456-00003016 According to the "Notice", a "zero-tariff" positive list was made for imported ships, gD5z9hDJ6PY-00006-00003016-00003304 aircraft, vehicles and other operational gD5z9hDJ6PY-00007-00003304-00003736 vehicles including yachts regarding transportation and tourism business. gD5z9hDJ6PY-00008-00003815-00004264 The policy will be implemented from the date of announcement of the border closing of the gD5z9hDJ6PY-00009-00004264-00004864 whole Hainan Island. The “Notice” pointed out that before Hainan’s closing, enterprises registered in gD5z9hDJ6PY-00010-00004864-00005464 Hainan with independent legal personality that engaged in transportation and tourism business gD5z9hDJ6PY-00011-00005464-00006008 (for aviation companies, they must mainly be based on the Hainan Free Trade Port for operation), gD5z9hDJ6PY-00012-00006008-00006584 will be exempt from import duties, import value-added taxes and consumption taxes gD5z9hDJ6PY-00013-00006584-00007184 if they import ships, aircraft, vehicles and other operational vehicles including yachts. gD5z9hDJ6PY-00014-00007240-00007728 "Zero-tariff" vehicles including yachts are subject to positive list management. gD5z9hDJ6PY-00015-00007728-00008112 The first list includes passenger and freight motor vehicles, gD5z9hDJ6PY-00016-00008112-00008488 trailers and semi-trailers, airplanes and other aircraft, gD5z9hDJ6PY-00017-00008544-00009208 ships and some 100 8-digit tax items. The list is dynamically adjusted by the Ministry of Finance, gD5z9hDJ6PY-00018-00009208-00009760 the General Administration of Customs, and the State Administration of Taxation in conjunction gD5z9hDJ6PY-00019-00009760-00010264 with relevant departments in accordance with Hainan's actual needs and regulatory conditions. gEjK25CpNeu-00000-00000003-00000392 What's up, guys! Welcome back to another video today's video is my January TBR gEjK25CpNeu-00001-00000392-00000840 and the first episode of the TBR games gEjK25CpNeu-00002-00000840-00000963 if you haven't heard I'm going to have gEjK25CpNeu-00003-00000963-00001270 games pick my TBR throughout the year gEjK25CpNeu-00004-00001270-00001440 just popping in really quick to say that gEjK25CpNeu-00005-00001440-00001902 I did have a whole video explaining this it'll just be my resolutions video I'm gEjK25CpNeu-00006-00001902-00002334 kind of up in the air with videos right now so this is the announcement video I gEjK25CpNeu-00007-00002334-00002763 guess but I do have an official announcement video about the TBR games gEjK25CpNeu-00008-00002763-00003207 just wanted to clear that up really quick now continue the video gEjK25CpNeu-00009-00003207-00003582 it's not going to be monthly it's honestly just gonna be when I have the time to do it gEjK25CpNeu-00010-00003582-00004088 and I can't wait to bring you the first installment of this series gEjK25CpNeu-00011-00004090-00004358 and this is Bookopoly gEjK25CpNeu-00012-00004358-00004610 the first half of this video is a tutorial gEjK25CpNeu-00013-00004610-00004821 I filmed the process of me creating my board gEjK25CpNeu-00014-00004822-00005122 I strictly made this because when i was looking up how gEjK25CpNeu-00015-00005122-00005553 to make a Bookopoly board I didn't see any and so I decided to make one so gEjK25CpNeu-00016-00005553-00005969 you can continue watching if you would like to watch the tutorial portion but I gEjK25CpNeu-00017-00005969-00006408 will have a timestamp on the screen of when I start talking about my TBR and gEjK25CpNeu-00018-00006408-00006692 actually playing the game gEjK25CpNeu-00019-00006692-00006820 before I start, I want to shout out some Booktubers gEjK25CpNeu-00020-00006820-00007272 that I know do game related videos starting with Becca and the books who gEjK25CpNeu-00021-00007272-00007678 I'm pretty sure is the person that started this trend so I will link her gEjK25CpNeu-00022-00007679-00008133 video down below and her channel I really love this it's really fun but I gEjK25CpNeu-00023-00008133-00008548 didn't think I would be able to stick to it for the whole year like her so that's gEjK25CpNeu-00024-00008548-00009088 why I started doing games because I was inspired by Library of Alexa who has gEjK25CpNeu-00025-00009090-00009288 games pick her TBR gEjK25CpNeu-00026-00009288-00009497 I loved watching all of her TBR videos gEjK25CpNeu-00027-00009497-00009688 recently she did a TBR video gEjK25CpNeu-00028-00009688-00010084 where she created a carnival she bobbed for apples, she did the balloon gEjK25CpNeu-00029-00010084-00010340 darts, everything and it was so fun gEjK25CpNeu-00030-00010340-00010593 and I have some ideas that I wanted to do in gEjK25CpNeu-00031-00010593-00011088 2020 so I thought that games would be perfect so go check out Alexa's video I gEjK25CpNeu-00032-00011088-00011421 just know that there's a lot of people on booktube who do Bookopoly, it's not gEjK25CpNeu-00033-00011421-00011860 original so I don't anyone to think I'm stealing someone's idea because I feel gEjK25CpNeu-00034-00011862-00012234 like everyone does this now but I did want to just shout out two of those gEjK25CpNeu-00035-00012234-00012544 booktubers and let's get into the tutorial gEjK25CpNeu-00036-00012564-00012968 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00037-00012968-00013302 First, I created my Community Chest and chance cards gEjK25CpNeu-00038-00013302-00013850 the chance cards have different prompts such as to read a middle-grade book or to read a book that gEjK25CpNeu-00039-00013856-00014191 was published the year I started my booktube channel gEjK25CpNeu-00040-00014191-00014532 for the Community Chest cards, I created prompts that would navigate me on the board gEjK25CpNeu-00041-00014532-00014866 whether I would have to advance one place or go back three spaces gEjK25CpNeu-00042-00014946-00015336 I wrote the prompts on blank paper but you could easily use index cards too gEjK25CpNeu-00043-00015469-00015880 next is the biggest part of the project which is creating the board gEjK25CpNeu-00044-00015880-00016084 For the board, you will need a Monopoly board gEjK25CpNeu-00045-00016084-00016310 this is optional but it really helped me gEjK25CpNeu-00046-00016310-00016692 I'm a visual person so being able to have the Monopoly board as a visual gEjK25CpNeu-00047-00016692-00016952 while I created my board really helped me gEjK25CpNeu-00048-00016952-00017088 so next you need dice it's gEjK25CpNeu-00049-00017088-00017562 recommended to use two pairs of die but I only had one so I only used one gEjK25CpNeu-00050-00017562-00017810 Next, is a white poster board gEjK25CpNeu-00051-00017810-00018216 a pencil for outlining, a ruler and any coloring supplies you'd like to use gEjK25CpNeu-00052-00018216-00018484 starting off, I got the Monopoly board and I just gEjK25CpNeu-00053-00018484-00018850 placed it next to me so that I would be able to look back and forth as I was gEjK25CpNeu-00054-00018858-00019240 creating and it really helped me create the dimensions of the board that I gEjK25CpNeu-00055-00019254-00019656 wanted to make so then I really started getting in with the dimensions gEjK25CpNeu-00056-00019656-00019986 I'll have them up on the screen but really if you have a Monopoly board gEjK25CpNeu-00057-00019986-00020550 it'll be so much easier just to use those dimensions but I just did that for gEjK25CpNeu-00058-00020550-00020940 the whole board and I ended up cutting my board in the middle just so that it gEjK25CpNeu-00059-00020940-00021602 would be smaller and the Monopoly board that I had was about this size it is 16 x 10 gEjK25CpNeu-00060-00021710-00021938 next I created the labels for the chance gEjK25CpNeu-00061-00021938-00022332 and Community Chest cards and I outlined the whole board in black sharpie gEjK25CpNeu-00062-00022332-00024600 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00063-00024600-00024932 I should start off by saying that I am NOT the most artistic person when it gEjK25CpNeu-00064-00024932-00025384 comes to drawing but I don't own a printer so I wasn't able to print things gEjK25CpNeu-00065-00025384-00025864 out but I would suggest that if you are an artsy person or you're able to print gEjK25CpNeu-00066-00025864-00026420 out the logo you should do that but it's really up to you but I just decided to gEjK25CpNeu-00067-00026420-00026804 trace the Monopoly logo from the Monopoly board I had gEjK25CpNeu-00068-00026804-00027032 and I created Bookopoly, the logo gEjK25CpNeu-00069-00027048-00027852 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00070-00027868-00028224 I also just touched up some of the line work that I messed up gEjK25CpNeu-00071-00028225-00028600 just to make sure that everything looked clear gEjK25CpNeu-00072-00028600-00028744 because I wanted to mimic the gEjK25CpNeu-00073-00028744-00029239 traditional Monopoly board I created the jail and this is something I'm so proud of gEjK25CpNeu-00074-00029239-00029412 I love this SO much gEjK25CpNeu-00075-00029412-00029648 I'm going to be explaining the rules later in this video gEjK25CpNeu-00076-00029648-00030064 but when you hit the jail you have to read the lowest-rated book on your gEjK25CpNeu-00077-00030064-00030208 Goodreads TBR gEjK25CpNeu-00078-00030212-00030552 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00079-00030552-00030916 and next comes to the fun part where I was able to color in the gEjK25CpNeu-00080-00030916-00031352 whole board but I did run into an issue which was that I forgot to leave space gEjK25CpNeu-00081-00031380-00031864 for these spaces where it would be the chance and Community Chest because those gEjK25CpNeu-00082-00031864-00032237 are different I really didn't do a lot of research before I did this I really gEjK25CpNeu-00083-00032237-00032636 just like went into it blind I did have some inspiration from a couple other gEjK25CpNeu-00084-00032636-00033134 booktubers but in general I just kind of did what I wanted to do and I realized gEjK25CpNeu-00085-00033134-00033560 that I didn't color coordinate like most people do some people color coordinate gEjK25CpNeu-00086-00033564-00034061 based on genre like pink is for romance or red is for thriller I didn't do that gEjK25CpNeu-00087-00034061-00034608 I just colored it whatever I wanted and next time I wouldn't do that but I just gEjK25CpNeu-00088-00034608-00034772 ended up doing gEjK25CpNeu-00089-00034784-00035008 mistake on my part but I don't think it's that big of a deal gEjK25CpNeu-00091-00043008-00043568 okay welcome to my board tour I'm just going to go through this pretty quickly gEjK25CpNeu-00092-00043568-00044150 so here we go! first, we have Go which is just like the regular monopoly where gEjK25CpNeu-00093-00044150-00044518 if I hit go I just have to restart and just reroll the dice gEjK25CpNeu-00094-00044518-00044789 Next is Net Galley pick gEjK25CpNeu-00095-00044789-00045088 where I have to read a book off with my Net Galley shelf gEjK25CpNeu-00096-00045088-00045436 next is gift which is just a book that was gifted to me gEjK25CpNeu-00097-00045484-00045696 for all the railroads, you have to read a book that gEjK25CpNeu-00098-00045696-00046272 involves travel may it be vacation, just a road trip, flying, anything like that gEjK25CpNeu-00099-00046272-00046664 name in the title is pretty self-explanatory but it is just to read a book gEjK25CpNeu-00100-00046664-00046808 with a name in the title gEjK25CpNeu-00101-00046808-00047099 five star prediction is a book that I predict I gEjK25CpNeu-00102-00047100-00047268 would give a five star rating gEjK25CpNeu-00103-00047400-00047568 next is set outside the US where you just have gEjK25CpNeu-00104-00047568-00047784 to read a book that is set outside the US gEjK25CpNeu-00105-00047784-00048104 a chance card I have to go here and pick a chance card gEjK25CpNeu-00106-00048156-00048623 jail, if I hit jail I have to read a book that is the lowest gEjK25CpNeu-00107-00048624-00049121 rated on my Goodreads shelf but if I'm just visiting that switches where I have gEjK25CpNeu-00108-00049124-00049508 to read the highest rated on my Goodreads want to read shelf gEjK25CpNeu-00109-00049508-00049991 historical fiction and then we have Community Chest where I just have to go here and it gEjK25CpNeu-00110-00049991-00050603 tells me what to do either I go forward or go backward or I have to go to Go or Jail gEjK25CpNeu-00111-00050604-00050764 anything gEjK25CpNeu-00112-00050776-00051184 next is to read a sequel then a new to you author, which is just gEjK25CpNeu-00113-00051184-00051364 a new author that I haven't read before gEjK25CpNeu-00114-00051364-00051664 an audiobook, a library book, a chance card, gEjK25CpNeu-00115-00051664-00051924 set outside the US gEjK25CpNeu-00116-00051924-00052167 For Goodreads pick,I'm going back to my want to read shelf gEjK25CpNeu-00117-00052167-00052555 and I'm putting in the number of books on that shelf into a gEjK25CpNeu-00118-00052560-00052984 number generator, picking the random number and whatever book is on the Shelf gEjK25CpNeu-00119-00052985-00053408 I have to read next is free parking which is a freebie where it can read any gEjK25CpNeu-00120-00053408-00053516 books I want gEjK25CpNeu-00121-00053516-00053822 Instagram pick is to just run a poll on my Instagram story of gEjK25CpNeu-00122-00053822-00054084 two books and having my followers pick gEjK25CpNeu-00123-00054084-00054476 next, is a sports-related book, 2019 release, gEjK25CpNeu-00124-00054476-00055024 a book has own voices then we're back to the railroad, another chance card, gEjK25CpNeu-00125-00055032-00055520 to read a graphic novel a Community Chest card and to go to jail gEjK25CpNeu-00126-00055560-00056040 then, the last batch is to read an arc, an own voices book gEjK25CpNeu-00127-00056040-00056188 this is another freebie gEjK25CpNeu-00128-00056312-00056764 um this is the light I forgot what it means in Monopoly but this is to gEjK25CpNeu-00129-00056767-00056912 read a book that was recently hyped gEjK25CpNeu-00130-00056912-00057076 another graphic novel gEjK25CpNeu-00131-00057172-00057428 read a book by a trans or non-binary author gEjK25CpNeu-00132-00057428-00057779 a nonfiction book and last is a book with gEjK25CpNeu-00133-00057779-00057979 pink on the cover gEjK25CpNeu-00134-00057979-00058120 so that was the tour of my board, I hope you guys enjoyed it gEjK25CpNeu-00135-00058122-00058312 and let's get back to the video gEjK25CpNeu-00136-00058312-00058524 so that was the process of me making the board gEjK25CpNeu-00137-00058524-00058926 it was really fun but really time-consuming it took me like four or gEjK25CpNeu-00138-00058926-00059040 five days to do it gEjK25CpNeu-00139-00059040-00059228 the fact that I was filming it is why it gEjK25CpNeu-00140-00059236-00059564 took longer but it was really fun and I hope you guys enjoyed it gEjK25CpNeu-00141-00059564-00059824 now let's get to my TBR gEjK25CpNeu-00142-00059824-00060048 I ended up rolling five times so let's go to the first roll gEjK25CpNeu-00143-00060079-00061744 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00144-00061832-00062400 The first roll I landed on one and I was so happy about this because I got Net Galley pick gEjK25CpNeu-00145-00062400-00062708 and there is a book on Net Galley that I've been meaning to read because it gEjK25CpNeu-00146-00062708-00062904 actually came out today gEjK25CpNeu-00147-00062904-00063376 today is January first and this book is It's My Life by Stacie Ramey gEjK25CpNeu-00148-00063376-00063679 I have been meaning to get to this this is about a girl named Jenna gEjK25CpNeu-00149-00063679-00064117 who has cerebral palsy. Jenna finds out that her cerebral palsy was caused by an gEjK25CpNeu-00150-00064117-00064640 injury during birth and she ends up getting furious with her parents and gEjK25CpNeu-00151-00064641-00065079 this is where this synopsis really rubs me the wrong way gEjK25CpNeu-00152-00065079-00065579 so I'm hoping that the representation is good. I don't know how good I'm going gEjK25CpNeu-00153-00065579-00065918 to be with wrap-ups this year just because last year I didn't really do gEjK25CpNeu-00154-00065918-00066326 them but maybe I'll do quarterly wrap ups for those as well because I'm gonna gEjK25CpNeu-00155-00066326-00066779 be doing them for my graphic novels but for now I'm just not sure what I'm gonna gEjK25CpNeu-00156-00066779-00067130 be doing with wrap ups but if you want to know my thoughts definitely follow me gEjK25CpNeu-00157-00067130-00067180 on Goodreads gEjK25CpNeu-00158-00067180-00068044 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00159-00068044-00068496 next, I landed on set outside the US and for this I picked her The Girl on the Train gEjK25CpNeu-00160-00068497-00069012 by Paula Hawkins and I found out that this is set in London, England gEjK25CpNeu-00161-00069012-00069444 This is an author that I mentioned in my 20 authors I would like to read in 2020 [video] gEjK25CpNeu-00162-00069444-00069788 I'm excited to start off the year checking off one of the authors from my list gEjK25CpNeu-00163-00069788-00070676 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00164-00070680-00071160 For the third roll, I landed on chance and the card said one word title so I have gEjK25CpNeu-00165-00071161-00071514 to read a book with a one word title and I don't know which book I'm going to gEjK25CpNeu-00166-00071514-00071728 pick but it's gonna be one of these gEjK25CpNeu-00167-00071728-00072006 so I have Noggin John Corey Whaley, gEjK25CpNeu-00168-00072006-00072541 Unleaving bye Melissa Ostrom, Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson and Breadcrumbs by Anne Ursu gEjK25CpNeu-00169-00072541-00073036 I've had most of these books on my shelves for a couple years but the gEjK25CpNeu-00170-00073036-00073425 book I think I'm going to go with is Noggin by John Corey Whaley gEjK25CpNeu-00171-00073425-00073792 This is about a 16 year old boy named Travis who gets his head cut off and put into a gEjK25CpNeu-00172-00073792-00074311 freezer so he was once dead and now he's alive again and his head is put onto gEjK25CpNeu-00173-00074311-00075016 another guy's body so that's interesting. I love John Corey Whaley I haven't read gEjK25CpNeu-00174-00075016-00075504 his books in quite a while and I've had this one of my shelves for a long time gEjK25CpNeu-00175-00075504-00075882 I think of probably like three or four years so I'm excited to finally get gEjK25CpNeu-00176-00075884-00075932 around to it gEjK25CpNeu-00177-00075956-00076612 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00178-00076612-00077170 Next, I rolled on new-to-me author and this is another author on my 20 authors gEjK25CpNeu-00179-00077170-00077356 I would like to read in 2020 gEjK25CpNeu-00180-00077356-00077604 so I'm going to be checking off two this month gEjK25CpNeu-00181-00077604-00077920 and this is American Street by Ibi Zoboi gEjK25CpNeu-00182-00077928-00078192 this is about a girl who leaves Haiti with her mother to go to Detroit gEjK25CpNeu-00183-00078192-00078427 but while they're going her mother is gEjK25CpNeu-00184-00078427-00078558 detained by U.S. immigration gEjK25CpNeu-00185-00078558-00078793 so the girl is staying with family who she's never gEjK25CpNeu-00186-00078793-00079249 met before and it's just basically the process of that happening and I've heard gEjK25CpNeu-00187-00079249-00079606 really good things about it and I'm excited to read Ibi Zoboi gEjK25CpNeu-00188-00079606-00079791 I actually started some of this in the summer gEjK25CpNeu-00189-00079792-00079920 but I never got around to finishing it gEjK25CpNeu-00190-00079920-00080172 so, this month I will finally finish it gEjK25CpNeu-00191-00080172-00080408 or not? maybe I won't read any of these books gEjK25CpNeu-00192-00080408-00080868 because I have no idea how my TBR is going to go but I would like to complete gEjK25CpNeu-00193-00080868-00081116 at least some of them gEjK25CpNeu-00194-00081116-00081576 (music playing) gEjK25CpNeu-00195-00081576-00082048 the final roll landed on library book and I chose In an Absent Dream by Seanan McGuire gEjK25CpNeu-00196-00082048-00082252 I've had this since last year gEjK25CpNeu-00197-00082264-00082404 haha (crickets chirping) gEjK25CpNeu-00198-00082404-00082840 but, I've been meaning to get to it it's very short and I'm just excited to read this gEjK25CpNeu-00199-00082840-00083004 because I love this series gEjK25CpNeu-00200-00083004-00083264 so that was Bookopoly and the first episode of gEjK25CpNeu-00201-00083264-00083404 the TBR games gEjK25CpNeu-00202-00083404-00083684 Make sure you hit subscribe and turn on my post notifications gEjK25CpNeu-00203-00083684-00083956 so you don't miss a video for the TBR games gEjK25CpNeu-00204-00083956-00084204 I hope you guys are as excited as I am for this series gEjK25CpNeu-00205-00084204-00084396 and if you are, give this video a thumbs up gEjK25CpNeu-00206-00084428-00084708 and definitely go check out the two Booktubers that I mentioned in this video gEjK25CpNeu-00207-00084708-00085076 thank you all for watching I have a patreon if you would like to support me there gEjK25CpNeu-00208-00085076-00085394 I hope you're all having a great day and I will see you next time gEjK25CpNeu-00210-00085444-00085494 bye gEjK25CpNeu-00211-00085494-00086004 (music playing) gGlMdF2xPYY-00000-00000114-00000394 we are here at salzburg gGlMdF2xPYY-00001-00000394-00000494 austria gGlMdF2xPYY-00002-00000494-00000900 if you don't know what salzburg is about gGlMdF2xPYY-00003-00000900-00001119 ah i'm sure you remember this gGlMdF2xPYY-00004-00001119-00002135 la la la la la la la la gGlMdF2xPYY-00005-00002135-00002378 ah you know this don't say it's gGlMdF2xPYY-00006-00002378-00002582 no gGlMdF2xPYY-00007-00002582-00002717 you know what that is gGlMdF2xPYY-00008-00002717-00002878 sounds of music gGlMdF2xPYY-00009-00002878-00003221 this is where one trap family gGlMdF2xPYY-00010-00003221-00003335 was gGlMdF2xPYY-00011-00003335-00003627 and maria from the norberg gGlMdF2xPYY-00012-00003627-00003797 of convent gGlMdF2xPYY-00013-00003797-00003915 was gGlMdF2xPYY-00014-00003915-00004015 sent gGlMdF2xPYY-00015-00004015-00004301 as a governess to this family of seven gGlMdF2xPYY-00016-00004301-00004594 children and they lost their mother and gGlMdF2xPYY-00017-00004594-00004706 joan trapp gGlMdF2xPYY-00018-00004706-00005052 uh did not go with the adolf hitler's gGlMdF2xPYY-00019-00005052-00005332 nazi philosophy and he opposed it so gGlMdF2xPYY-00020-00005332-00005605 they had to leave the country and later gGlMdF2xPYY-00021-00005605-00005705 on gGlMdF2xPYY-00022-00005705-00005864 because they lost all their savings and gGlMdF2xPYY-00023-00005864-00006177 wealth they became quiet singers and gGlMdF2xPYY-00024-00006177-00006362 they toured europe and then on to united gGlMdF2xPYY-00025-00006362-00006573 states and they became a big success in gGlMdF2xPYY-00026-00006573-00006713 united states gGlMdF2xPYY-00027-00006713-00006842 and gGlMdF2xPYY-00028-00006842-00007164 finally they settled in vermont in gGlMdF2xPYY-00029-00007164-00007390 united states but it is in this gGlMdF2xPYY-00030-00007390-00007704 beautiful salzburg that they started gGlMdF2xPYY-00031-00007704-00007902 and i don't think anybody from our gGlMdF2xPYY-00032-00007902-00008127 generation who seen movies can ever gGlMdF2xPYY-00033-00008127-00008284 forget the tune gGlMdF2xPYY-00034-00008284-00008563 and the whole joy of that movie how it gGlMdF2xPYY-00035-00008563-00008663 was made gGlMdF2xPYY-00036-00008663-00008859 this is where it all happened gGlMdF2xPYY-00037-00008859-00009032 salzburg for you gGlMdF2xPYY-00038-00009032-00009276 austria is where we are right now the gGlMdF2xPYY-00039-00009276-00009492 safe soil movement let's make it happen gGlMdF2xPYY-00040-00009492-00009592 [Music] gGlMdF2xPYY-00041-00009592-00009642 you gJ7v_plcL2Y-00000-00000066-00000266 WITH THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RIGHT AROUND THE gJ7v_plcL2Y-00001-00000266-00000480 CORNER, IT'S TIME TO ROCK YOUR VOTE. gJ7v_plcL2Y-00002-00000480-00000680 THERE ARE SOME THINGS SERVICE MEMBERS NEED TO gJ7v_plcL2Y-00003-00000680-00000894 KNOW PRIOR TO ENGAGING IN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES. gJ7v_plcL2Y-00004-00000960-00001177 ACTIVE DUTY MEMBERS SHOULD NOT PARTICIPATE IN gJ7v_plcL2Y-00005-00001177-00001438 PARTISAN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES THAT IMPLY OR gJ7v_plcL2Y-00006-00001438-00001721 APPEAR TO IMPLY DOD SPONSORSHIP, APPROVAL, gJ7v_plcL2Y-00007-00001721-00001828 OR ENDORSEMENT. gJ7v_plcL2Y-00008-00001828-00002085 AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE U-S NAVY AND DOD, gJ7v_plcL2Y-00009-00002085-00002298 THE GOAL IS TO AVOID THE APPEARANCE THAT THE gJ7v_plcL2Y-00010-00002298-00002559 MILITARY IS SPONSORING A SPECIFIC CANDIDATE, PARTY, gJ7v_plcL2Y-00011-00002559-00002719 CAMPAIGN OR CAUSE. gJ7v_plcL2Y-00012-00002782-00002982 IF A SERVICE MEMBER EXPRESSES THEIR OWN gJ7v_plcL2Y-00013-00002982-00003183 PERSONAL VIEWS ON PUBLIC ISSUES OR CANDIDATES VIA gJ7v_plcL2Y-00014-00003183-00003420 SOCIAL MEDIA, THEY MUST CLEARLY STATE THAT THOSE gJ7v_plcL2Y-00015-00003420-00003623 ARE THE INDIVIDUAL'S VIEWS AND NOT THE DOD'S. gJ7v_plcL2Y-00016-00003693-00003957 THE DOD HAS A LONGSTANDING POLICY OF ENCOURAGING gJ7v_plcL2Y-00017-00003957-00004160 PERSONNEL TO CARRY OUT THE OBLIGATIONS OF gJ7v_plcL2Y-00018-00004160-00004260 CITIZENSHIP. gJ7v_plcL2Y-00019-00004284-00004484 TALK TO YOUR VOTING ASSISTANCE OFFICER FOR gJ7v_plcL2Y-00020-00004484-00004684 MORE INFORMATION. gJMfB8GwFKY-00000-00000388-00000672 Shari don't tell anyone but I cheat on this gJMfB8GwFKY-00001-00000672-00000819 Guess what Julie! -What? gJMfB8GwFKY-00002-00000868-00001182 -It's summer time! -Yay!!!! gJMfB8GwFKY-00003-00001182-00001550 Alright hello guys, thank you so much for tuning in to today's video gJMfB8GwFKY-00004-00001550-00002000 I am with Julie today and we are going to go through the dreaded chore that gJMfB8GwFKY-00005-00002052-00002342 Everybody hates, after school gets out. -I love it gJMfB8GwFKY-00006-00002358-00002780 We're gonna go through a what's in my backpack end of the school year edition gJMfB8GwFKY-00007-00002780-00003000 since school is over, I no longer need this backpack gJMfB8GwFKY-00008-00003000-00003332 It has served me very well, but there are many holes in it gJMfB8GwFKY-00009-00003332-00003522 bottom is all like a ripped up gJMfB8GwFKY-00010-00003522-00003644 -mine has no holes gJMfB8GwFKY-00011-00003644-00003844 Let's open up gJMfB8GwFKY-00012-00003864-00004128 Handkerchief for allergies. This is disgusting. gJMfB8GwFKY-00013-00004128-00004290 A measuring tape. Look at this gJMfB8GwFKY-00014-00004290-00004923 Like it's a measuring tape, a level and it's got like sticky notes and like a pen for it gJMfB8GwFKY-00015-00004923-00005288 Oh, no, this is biology. I'm just gonna throw all of this away gJMfB8GwFKY-00016-00005364-00005634 a multi-coloured pen gJMfB8GwFKY-00017-00005648-00005848 Woah, how many colors are in it? -Ten gJMfB8GwFKY-00018-00005856-00006461 Am I like the only one or did everybody else put all like all the different colors down at the exact same time gJMfB8GwFKY-00019-00006462-00006678 Where'd you get that? -Don't make me tell you gJMfB8GwFKY-00020-00006772-00007268 You're making it sound like you got it from some like awful place. -No! gJMfB8GwFKY-00021-00007268-00007544 Did you steal it? - No, -Okay, then it can't be that bad gJMfB8GwFKY-00022-00007544-00007840 Paper plates. I brought pizza for my class gJMfB8GwFKY-00023-00007906-00008050 A stapler. -Ooh! gJMfB8GwFKY-00024-00008050-00008250 an almost empty water bottle gJMfB8GwFKY-00025-00008332-00008662 -Ew -I think this is from today. I don't know gJMfB8GwFKY-00026-00008802-00009226 Umm, I have money from a math board game we made a few days ago gJMfB8GwFKY-00027-00009226-00009420 my yearbook gJMfB8GwFKY-00028-00009420-00009620 Book marks -Oh my gosh gJMfB8GwFKY-00029-00009620-00009816 I have a squirrel one gJMfB8GwFKY-00030-00009816-00010016 umm...Count of Monte Cristo gJMfB8GwFKY-00031-00010020-00010328 It's a good book guys. If you haven't read it, read it gJMfB8GwFKY-00032-00010328-00010552 you have more pens? gJMfB8GwFKY-00033-00010552-00010752 Zertec for allergies gJMfB8GwFKY-00034-00010832-00011214 Calculator. Shari, don't tell anyone but I cheat on this gJMfB8GwFKY-00035-00011226-00011408 -Julie! -No! Just once! gJMfB8GwFKY-00036-00011420-00011648 -I don't use them on tests -Where did you get the calculator? gJMfB8GwFKY-00037-00011648-00011874 I found it in the art closet gJMfB8GwFKY-00038-00011874-00012222 You stole a calculator and you cheat with it on a math test gJMfB8GwFKY-00039-00012222-00012758 -Okay, I don't, Shari I was just teasing -No you were not you were totally serious gJMfB8GwFKY-00040-00012758-00012956 -No, I was not, I was teasing. -No you weren't gJMfB8GwFKY-00041-00012956-00013410 -I only-- I only use it on like math fast finishers gJMfB8GwFKY-00042-00013436-00013636 that is such a lie, you are lying gJMfB8GwFKY-00043-00013688-00014058 um an almost empty bag of starbursts. Thanks, Mark for this gJMfB8GwFKY-00044-00014110-00014484 A bunch of pieces of paper that I no longer need gJMfB8GwFKY-00045-00014484-00014704 -Squishy friendship necklace that broke gJMfB8GwFKY-00046-00014704-00014810 -Ew! gJMfB8GwFKY-00047-00014810-00015406 What is this? Oh, it's my old monologue from drama class. Guys, I'm so glad that class is over. I hated... gJMfB8GwFKY-00048-00015538-00015662 I hated that class gJMfB8GwFKY-00049-00015662-00015972 -Three markers. - How many things did you write with? gJMfB8GwFKY-00050-00015972-00016196 I don't think I have a single pencil in my backpack gJMfB8GwFKY-00051-00016206-00016406 Oh, look! I do have a pencil gJMfB8GwFKY-00052-00016526-00016794 Ummmmm gJMfB8GwFKY-00053-00016794-00016910 A spoon gJMfB8GwFKY-00054-00016910-00017102 Where do you get all this stuff? gJMfB8GwFKY-00055-00017102-00017302 -I've got a rock! gJMfB8GwFKY-00056-00017518-00017880 My softball mitt. I literally forgot this was sitting here. And a soft ball gJMfB8GwFKY-00057-00017880-00018058 because I was playing catch with my friend today gJMfB8GwFKY-00058-00018058-00018212 A chapstick gJMfB8GwFKY-00059-00018446-00018652 -coins gJMfB8GwFKY-00060-00018652-00018966 -Eew! This is a (Gags) gJMfB8GwFKY-00061-00019030-00019310 -It's a hand warmer -It's an old hand warmer gJMfB8GwFKY-00062-00019310-00019504 Camera battery, I keep loosing these gJMfB8GwFKY-00063-00019504-00019634 Glasses gJMfB8GwFKY-00064-00019778-00020028 Check these out, guys, RAD swimwear. They're amazing gJMfB8GwFKY-00065-00020028-00020390 -Be prepared, Shari. Here, you open it, you open it gJMfB8GwFKY-00066-00020462-00020622 -[Julie] (Laughs) gJMfB8GwFKY-00067-00020848-00021038 Pull everything out gJMfB8GwFKY-00068-00021038-00021088 Garbage gJMfB8GwFKY-00069-00021088-00021138 garbage gJMfB8GwFKY-00070-00021234-00021364 More garbage gJMfB8GwFKY-00071-00021364-00021716 This, I made a long time ago. It's like a secret diary gJMfB8GwFKY-00072-00021822-00022190 -"What I want- I want to be a queen" -Shari! (Laughter) gJMfB8GwFKY-00073-00022344-00022478 -Were you being serious? gJMfB8GwFKY-00074-00022694-00022934 How many notebooks do you need? gJMfB8GwFKY-00075-00022934-00023112 -This is my writing folder (Giggles) gJMfB8GwFKY-00076-00023112-00023280 Work in progress folder. gJMfB8GwFKY-00077-00023280-00023508 -Why don't you throw this all away at school? gJMfB8GwFKY-00078-00023508-00023642 Cursive is cool gJMfB8GwFKY-00079-00023642-00023948 -We only used this twice -What was it? gJMfB8GwFKY-00080-00023948-00024124 -This is my report card. gJMfB8GwFKY-00081-00024124-00024238 -That was gross. gJMfB8GwFKY-00082-00024238-00024466 Oh, I have to show you one more pocket on mine gJMfB8GwFKY-00083-00024467-00025114 I am terrified. It is my garbage pocket. I don't even know what's in it. It's like old food. I'm a really gross person gJMfB8GwFKY-00084-00025115-00025565 I'm just gonna like leave this in here and then throw my backpack away. So gJMfB8GwFKY-00085-00025644-00025782 Ew gJMfB8GwFKY-00086-00025782-00026139 Which of us you think had a more gross backpack. gJMfB8GwFKY-00087-00026139-00026506 if your backpack was as disgusting as ours, comment down below. gJMfB8GwFKY-00088-00026586-00027088 -I actually once had two teeth in there -Are you serious? gJMfB8GwFKY-00089-00027088-00027383 Thank you guys for watching. We will see you next time. Goodbye gJWiL7ic6hy-00000-00000882-00001292 So I afflicted http to the Zlín gJWiL7ic6hy-00001-00001705-00002010 But i am so good with camera, that I have only shot left... gJWiL7ic6hy-00002-00003196-00003396 There is no such thing as "red light" in Zlín! gJWiL7ic6hy-00003-00003532-00003802 But few kilometers later: gJWiL7ic6hy-00004-00004560-00004882 if he cant go fast, at least he does not interfere. How do I know that? gJWiL7ic6hy-00005-00005042-00005242 Brno again! gJWiL7ic6hy-00006-00006260-00006545 Did he go in the opposite direction? gJWiL7ic6hy-00007-00006654-00006844 Bumpy road in Brno... gJWiL7ic6hy-00008-00006886-00007059 Watch the hood: gJWiL7ic6hy-00009-00008406-00008606 Back home gJWiL7ic6hy-00010-00008670-00008888 Lights are for cowards! gJWiL7ic6hy-00011-00010196-00010590 It's futile, it's futile, it's futile... gJWiL7ic6hy-00012-00010616-00010824 Better something positive: gJWiL7ic6hy-00013-00010886-00011104 I often meet a bus on a narrow road gJWiL7ic6hy-00014-00013054-00013330 Willing driver gJWiL7ic6hy-00015-00015522-00015722 Do you want a shot? :-) gJWiL7ic6hy-00016-00015766-00015830 no! gJWiL7ic6hy-00017-00016278-00016412 Do you want a shot? gJWiL7ic6hy-00018-00016412-00016556 I want but I cant :-( gJWiL7ic6hy-00019-00017776-00018288 THX for watching, every LIKE, SHARE and COMMENT will by nice gLA3qMxXDfU-00000-00000003-00000404 Hey guys welcome back to my channel my name's Ella if you're new here if not gLA3qMxXDfU-00001-00000404-00000494 then hello gLA3qMxXDfU-00002-00000890-00001298 So today's video is going to be really useful for the students out gLA3qMxXDfU-00003-00001314-00002012 there I'm going to be showing my 5 most useful websites students online gLA3qMxXDfU-00004-00002430-00002979 now I know that Easter is approaching so students will be coming home and I also gLA3qMxXDfU-00005-00002979-00003315 know that with everything that's happening at the moment in the world gLA3qMxXDfU-00006-00003315-00003744 that more and more universities and schools are closing and switching to gLA3qMxXDfU-00007-00003744-00004262 online classes so I thought this video would be really useful to help all of gLA3qMxXDfU-00008-00004262-00004677 the students now working from home the five different websites are all quite gLA3qMxXDfU-00009-00004677-00005198 unique some of them are for motivation some are to help the daily routine and gLA3qMxXDfU-00010-00005198-00005676 some are just to help with revision in general so I thought that I'd share with gLA3qMxXDfU-00011-00005676-00006182 you guys today these are five different websites and if at the end of the video gLA3qMxXDfU-00012-00006182-00006606 you have found it really helpful and useful then please let me know down gLA3qMxXDfU-00013-00006606-00007056 below and make sure to give the video a thumbs up and subscribe if you haven't gLA3qMxXDfU-00014-00007056-00007814 already and without further or do let's just get into the video so the first gLA3qMxXDfU-00015-00007814-00008181 website I'm going to show you is called sleepy time and it's going to be so gLA3qMxXDfU-00016-00008181-00008636 useful for all the students having to change their routine and start studying gLA3qMxXDfU-00017-00008636-00009056 from home so if you haven't heard of sleepy time before it's a website that gLA3qMxXDfU-00018-00009056-00009506 tells you when best to go to sleep so you can enter when you're planning on gLA3qMxXDfU-00019-00009506-00010014 getting up and it will work out based according on REM cycles when to go to gLA3qMxXDfU-00020-00010014-00010295 sleep this website is so beneficial for the gLA3qMxXDfU-00021-00010295-00010695 students having to now work from home or if they have started their revision gLA3qMxXDfU-00022-00010695-00011181 timetable because and I know a lot of people can relate to this when I'm at gLA3qMxXDfU-00023-00011181-00011600 home I like to stay up as late as possible I like to sleep in as much as gLA3qMxXDfU-00024-00011600-00012156 possible but this website basically enforces you to go to bed at a perfect gLA3qMxXDfU-00025-00012156-00012578 time and it basically just depends on when you want to wake up it's a gLA3qMxXDfU-00026-00012578-00013050 completely free website and it's really easy to use like I said you just enter gLA3qMxXDfU-00027-00013050-00013538 when you want to wake up for and it will tell you when you should aim to go to gLA3qMxXDfU-00028-00013538-00013983 sleep when you should aim to fall asleep so yes sleepytime is the first website gLA3qMxXDfU-00029-00013983-00014419 that is really beneficial for students gLA3qMxXDfU-00030-00014475-00014947 second kind of web sites that are really beneficial for students are the websites gLA3qMxXDfU-00031-00014947-00015394 that help you write to-do lists and calendars if you haven't already seen my gLA3qMxXDfU-00032-00015394-00015844 video on how to stay motivated winter studying I touch on the subject of gLA3qMxXDfU-00033-00015844-00016243 planning and I thought that I would include it in today's video because I gLA3qMxXDfU-00034-00016243-00016804 can't stress enough how important it is to plan out your days especially when it gLA3qMxXDfU-00035-00016804-00017220 comes to Easter I know students will no longer have their University or school gLA3qMxXDfU-00036-00017220-00017722 timetable and normal routine so it can be really easy to kind of switch out of gLA3qMxXDfU-00037-00017722-00018229 a routine and basically laze around at home so I can't stress enough how you gLA3qMxXDfU-00038-00018229-00018775 spell like to-do lists and calendar websites are you can get a Google gLA3qMxXDfU-00039-00018775-00019287 Calendar and write out what you're going to do each day and you can write to do gLA3qMxXDfU-00040-00019287-00019731 lists daily to make sure that you know exactly what you're going to do whether gLA3qMxXDfU-00041-00019731-00020137 it comes to doing your lectures if you now have online lectures or if it comes gLA3qMxXDfU-00042-00020137-00020584 to studying there are so many different websites on these I know that Microsoft gLA3qMxXDfU-00043-00020584-00021063 do to-do lists Google do to-do list there are so many different ones and gLA3qMxXDfU-00044-00021063-00021472 they're all free which is really useful and yeah I just can't stress enough how gLA3qMxXDfU-00045-00021472-00021994 important it is to plan out your days and plan out your weeks especially if gLA3qMxXDfU-00046-00021994-00022759 you are now no longer at school and the university the third website is to help gLA3qMxXDfU-00047-00022759-00023263 not get distracted and it is could keep me out now I know some of you will gLA3qMxXDfU-00048-00023263-00023626 already know this website but if you don't it's basically a website where you gLA3qMxXDfU-00049-00023626-00024181 can block specific platforms over at social media or you know websites online gLA3qMxXDfU-00050-00024181-00024687 that you get distracted really easily on and it blocks it for a certain amount of gLA3qMxXDfU-00051-00024687-00025131 time you can set the amount of time and it's just really useful especially for gLA3qMxXDfU-00052-00025131-00025566 the students now doing online work and if you like to study using your computer gLA3qMxXDfU-00053-00025566-00026010 then it's really important to make sure that you didn't have any distractions I gLA3qMxXDfU-00054-00026010-00026469 know that sometimes I get really distracted on my computer if I just see gLA3qMxXDfU-00055-00026469-00026844 a notification come up then I'm really likely to click it keep me out was just gLA3qMxXDfU-00056-00026844-00027408 really useful to help not get distracted it will warn you if you go on it too gLA3qMxXDfU-00057-00027408-00027839 many times and you can actually is a bookmark so it stops you from being gLA3qMxXDfU-00058-00027839-00028181 able to click on to the website I know that there are a different kind of gLA3qMxXDfU-00059-00028181-00028544 websites for these you can also get apps if you like to work on your phone which gLA3qMxXDfU-00060-00028544-00029024 is really useful so yeah that's my third useful website keep me out and it can gLA3qMxXDfU-00061-00029024-00029813 really help you not get distracted so the fourth website I'm going to tell you gLA3qMxXDfU-00062-00029813-00030170 about I'm sure all of you guys have heard of it before it is called gLA3qMxXDfU-00063-00030170-00030569 grammarly now I like to write essays on my laptop gLA3qMxXDfU-00064-00030569-00031130 and I know that some students still like to write them out on hand but since we gLA3qMxXDfU-00065-00031130-00031700 are now approaching online lectures and online classes then your teachers and gLA3qMxXDfU-00066-00031700-00032174 lecturers will want to see your essays and your work on line you'll have to gLA3qMxXDfU-00067-00032174-00032683 submit it through an online forum so grammerly really helps with this so if gLA3qMxXDfU-00068-00032683-00032993 you didn't already know it grammerly helps with your grammar with your gLA3qMxXDfU-00069-00032993-00033367 spelling with making sure that your sentences are coherent and gLA3qMxXDfU-00070-00033367-00033806 understandable and yeah basically it just helps with everything when it comes gLA3qMxXDfU-00071-00033806-00034316 to essays and pieces of writing it's just a really useful way to make sure gLA3qMxXDfU-00072-00034316-00034781 that everything you write is coherent makes sense and it also checks for gLA3qMxXDfU-00073-00034781-00035321 plagiarism as well which is so brilliant it's just an overall really good website gLA3qMxXDfU-00074-00035321-00035825 that can help and since more and more students are now using their laptops and gLA3qMxXDfU-00075-00035825-00036410 going on line to submit essays and work it's just a really useful and beneficial gLA3qMxXDfU-00076-00036410-00036709 website gLA3qMxXDfU-00077-00036766-00037370 okay and my final useful website is Quizlet so krishna is this website and gLA3qMxXDfU-00078-00037370-00037874 app which helps with revision you can make your own flashcards they have gLA3qMxXDfU-00079-00037874-00038426 little games to help you basically memorize information I used to use it so gLA3qMxXDfU-00080-00038426-00038888 much when I was doing my GCSEs and I was doing languages I would make flashcards gLA3qMxXDfU-00081-00038888-00039470 on the language the word and the translation and it's just a really fun gLA3qMxXDfU-00082-00039470-00040046 but useful way to memorize information lots of my friends still use it now when gLA3qMxXDfU-00083-00040046-00040553 it comes to university it's completely free and you can also work with other gLA3qMxXDfU-00084-00040553-00040979 people on it so if your friends make that own pact you can actually go on to gLA3qMxXDfU-00085-00040979-00041384 their profile and learn that way you guys can share what you've learned and gLA3qMxXDfU-00086-00041384-00041756 you can also go head-to-head against different challenges I know that a lot gLA3qMxXDfU-00087-00041756-00042206 of teachers use this website my Latin teacher used to use it and it's just gLA3qMxXDfU-00088-00042206-00042626 overall really useful if you haven't given it a go then I really recommend it gLA3qMxXDfU-00089-00042626-00042965 helps with different kinds of learners if you're a visual learner then it's gLA3qMxXDfU-00090-00042965-00043382 really useful but if you also like to hear things and have them spoken to you gLA3qMxXDfU-00091-00043382-00043904 there are options that it will speak to you which is really useful Marina marina gLA3qMxXDfU-00092-00043904-00044429 and yeah it's just a brilliant website to help with revision to help with gLA3qMxXDfU-00093-00044429-00044969 learning and memorizing different things so they weren't my top five useful gLA3qMxXDfU-00094-00044969-00045728 websites for students sleepytime to-do lists keep me out grammarly and Quizlet gLA3qMxXDfU-00095-00045728-00046091 there are plenty of different websites out there for students but I thought gLA3qMxXDfU-00096-00046091-00046559 that I were to give you my top five that I love and that I use if you guys have gLA3qMxXDfU-00097-00046559-00046961 used any of these before then please let me know your thoughts and if you guys gLA3qMxXDfU-00098-00046961-00047369 want to see any more of these websites that make sure to let me know and give gLA3qMxXDfU-00099-00047369-00047810 it a thumbs up if you want to see a part two so that's it for this week's video I gLA3qMxXDfU-00100-00047810-00048173 hope you guys learned something new if you did then make sure to let me know gLA3qMxXDfU-00101-00048173-00048569 give this video a thumbs up and subscribe and I'll see you in my next gLA3qMxXDfU-00102-00048569-00048823 one bye gp5CFJky-XQ-00000-00000056-00000648 you will now be able to see how many subscribers we have and from now on. it will stay that way gp5CFJky-XQ-00001-00000648-00001592 unless i hide it again. now this is because it's about to become 1.37 k instead of 1.33 gp5CFJky-XQ-00002-00001664-00002416 before i changed it back, but this may be the last time if you visited my channel, gp5CFJky-XQ-00003-00002416-00003120 in the last hour. you might have seen the last time my subscriber counts must have been privated, gp5CFJky-XQ-00004-00003184-00003752 and it will be the same for a hundred, hundred channels that i have linked below in my post. gp5CFJky-XQ-00005-00003752-00004152 i'll be able to find a few more soon, and i will not take any more breaks. gOhceALyoB0-00000-00000141-00000772 Nearly everyone recognizes the role of entrepreneurship, private capital, and free and open competition gOhceALyoB0-00001-00000772-00001411 in fostering innovation and bringing new products and services to market. Some critics, however, gOhceALyoB0-00002-00001411-00001913 think that the free market has been given too much credit and that the role of government gOhceALyoB0-00003-00001913-00002534 creating innovation has not been appropriately appreciated. A lengthy review essay by Jeff gOhceALyoB0-00004-00002534-00003234 Madrick in last month's New York Review of Books argues that many innovations like the gOhceALyoB0-00005-00003259-00003959 iPad, many important drugs, communications equipment, and so on, owe their origins to gOhceALyoB0-00006-00004060-00004562 government funded research and development, and that government, not the free market, gOhceALyoB0-00007-00004562-00005125 deserves most of the credit for innovation and economic growth. Entrepreneurs and venture gOhceALyoB0-00008-00005125-00005609 capitalists while playing an important role, according to Madrick, step into the game rather gOhceALyoB0-00009-00005609-00006257 late. He says, "After government's much more daring basic research and patient investment gOhceALyoB0-00010-00006257-00006957 of capital. Venture capital," he goes on to say,"cuts and runs too rapidly to be trusted gOhceALyoB0-00011-00006961-00007509 and also encourages short-term successes that may not be sustainable, the better to entice gOhceALyoB0-00012-00007509-00008084 financial market investors." This kind of criticism runs through much of the recent gOhceALyoB0-00013-00008084-00008737 commentary in the role of government creating economic growth. Private actors, it's argued, gOhceALyoB0-00014-00008737-00009312 pursue short-term gains and look at short-term return on investment as their main criterion. gOhceALyoB0-00015-00009312-00009716 Where as government actors take a longer run perspective and are more willing to take the gOhceALyoB0-00016-00009716-00010285 big risks that are needed to come up with big, new things. Government is capable of gOhceALyoB0-00017-00010285-00010783 doing a lot of things, government investment, and government projects and programs create gOhceALyoB0-00018-00010783-00011381 lots of goods and services, some of them useful, some of them not so useful. But who should gOhceALyoB0-00019-00011381-00012081 make the decisions about how to allocate scarce capital and time? Bureaucrats? Planners and gOhceALyoB0-00020-00012092-00012741 others who have little incentive to get it right and lack the expertise to make good gOhceALyoB0-00021-00012741-00013254 decisions? Or private market participants, investors, entrepreneurs, executives; those gOhceALyoB0-00022-00013254-00013877 who are putting their own resources at stake who pay the penalties as well as bearing the gOhceALyoB0-00023-00013877-00014451 costs, and are able to work things out in the free market by competing with each other gOhceALyoB0-00024-00014451-00014941 and negotiating with customers, suppliers, and so on. I'd much rather have private market gOhceALyoB0-00025-00014941-00015451 participants making these decisions than government bureaucrats, even though bureaucrats, like gOhceALyoB0-00026-00015451-00015684 everybody else, make get lucky once in a while. gOlp6TBACs4-00000-00002172-00002772 Hi, my name is James. I'm… I’m 31 and I'm from Scotland and I'm obviously here at gOlp6TBACs4-00001-00002772-00003306 the Hair of Istanbul clinic to get hair transplant. Get a backstory to me was, gOlp6TBACs4-00002-00003306-00004020 is that my hair started to recede and was thinning on top. When I was about gOlp6TBACs4-00003-00004110-00004746 26, I started to notice it. So, obviously this came out, it's a damper on my my confidence gOlp6TBACs4-00004-00004830-00005370 and it felt maybe more anxious and stressful I noticed I was always putting a heart on and I gOlp6TBACs4-00005-00005370-00005832 decided I think I would like a hair transplant. I'd looked at so many different techniques gOlp6TBACs4-00006-00005928-00006528 and I thought I'm going to do some research. So, I had a real look on Instagram, Facebook and I came gOlp6TBACs4-00007-00006528-00006966 across a video on YouTube and from someone called Nomad, who has also used the clinic, gOlp6TBACs4-00008-00007031-00007644 and it was a great video and I would recommend anyone to watch this video as it talks about gOlp6TBACs4-00009-00007644-00008232 when you get picked up from the airport, when he's in the room, the medication you're taking, walks gOlp6TBACs4-00010-00008232-00008706 you through the procedure, what the clinic is like, and for that I felt a bit more comfortable. gOlp6TBACs4-00011-00008802-00009330 From there I carry the dilemma do I want to have my hair transplant? Do I not? So, gOlp6TBACs4-00012-00009330-00009966 I reached out to the guys at Hair of Istanbul and all I can say is that it was excellent. gOlp6TBACs4-00013-00010080-00010596 Anyone who's a wee bit skeptical of it and doesn't really know much information just reach out into gOlp6TBACs4-00014-00010596-00011004 WhatsApp and just speak to these guys. They'll help you with anything. They'll give you as much gOlp6TBACs4-00015-00011004-00011718 information as possible. I had inquired on October 22nd. I was given a date in the 15th of November, gOlp6TBACs4-00016-00011718-00012198 which was really quick. They told me the place. They told me where they would pick me up from gOlp6TBACs4-00017-00012198-00012804 the airport and told me all the details of booking my flights and they just made me feel more at ease gOlp6TBACs4-00018-00012804-00013446 and any questions I had whenever I was… whenever I text the group, they responded straight away, gOlp6TBACs4-00019-00013446-00014046 which was confident that someone's always there, but yeah it's been a great experience I'm so glad gOlp6TBACs4-00020-00014046-00014568 I've been through with it and I'm already. I don't have no hair yet, but I feel so much more gOlp6TBACs4-00021-00014568-00015174 confident, and I think anyone else watching this is probably in the same situation as me, but just gOlp6TBACs4-00022-00015174-00015797 take that leap and just reach out to the guys. So, before I watch the YouTube videos of Nomad to give gOlp6TBACs4-00023-00015797-00016338 me as much information as possible, I was always a bit scared to go off traveling to Turkey and the gOlp6TBACs4-00024-00016338-00016884 reason being is there's so many procedures that happen you know, you can get your nose done, your gOlp6TBACs4-00025-00016884-00017622 teeth done, and women come for operations as well. So, you just think it's a jack of all trades. gOlp6TBACs4-00026-00017778-00018408 But I honestly would say like I'm so much… there's so much at ease of the WhatsApp gOlp6TBACs4-00027-00018408-00019080 group with these guys. Before that I was just on Tech talk, and I see someone on Tech talk, gOlp6TBACs4-00028-00019080-00019578 and they said oh for the hair transplant and I was watching all their videos. It wasn't until I gOlp6TBACs4-00029-00019578-00019992 came across Hair of Istanbul's Instagram page. I noticed it was the boy from Tech talk. So, gOlp6TBACs4-00030-00019992-00020550 I thought to myself okay well I've seen his hairline. I've seen how it is so… by… Before gOlp6TBACs4-00031-00020550-00021042 watching The Nomad yeah, I was very skeptical but there's so much more information on their gOlp6TBACs4-00032-00021042-00021558 Instagram and Facebook that say just drop us a WhatsApp you're not agreement to anything and the gOlp6TBACs4-00033-00021558-00022200 feedback that you get and the information you get is convincing. So, when initially going into the gOlp6TBACs4-00034-00022200-00022866 Hair of Istanbul clinic and they take you through to get your hairline measured. Before I had went, gOlp6TBACs4-00035-00022866-00023574 I wanted to have more of our straight hairline as this is what my hair was like when I was 24. I've gOlp6TBACs4-00036-00023574-00024048 seen some people with it looked round and back I just felt my head wasn't really suited for that. gOlp6TBACs4-00037-00024108-00024522 The most confident thing was is that it wasn't just one person, there was about four of them who gOlp6TBACs4-00038-00024522-00024924 were around your head you know they were looking at it from different angles. They were drawing on gOlp6TBACs4-00039-00024924-00025560 your forehead. they were mapping it out. One one gentleman drew my hairline on and asked me you gOlp6TBACs4-00040-00025560-00026010 know are you are you happy with that, which had applied I was happy with because it was straight gOlp6TBACs4-00041-00026010-00026526 the way I liked it and from there he could have just went okay you know that size for good to go gOlp6TBACs4-00042-00026526-00027108 but I think the professionalism of them they took a step back we looked at it and they pulled out gOlp6TBACs4-00043-00027108-00027683 their measurements and he wiped away some of it, he whipped it worked out a wee bit longer. There gOlp6TBACs4-00044-00027683-00028224 was someone there on hand, giving them different kind of pencils and when I see the can a second gOlp6TBACs4-00045-00028295-00028992 Hill Lane I was like yeah this is the one looks much more natural and you know that I'm very gOlp6TBACs4-00046-00028992-00029604 grateful for the Hair of Istanbul because as much as they've got large large work team, it gOlp6TBACs4-00047-00029604-00030406 still feels like a one to one experience and yeah I felt so much confident and I felt at safe hands. gOlSpfeMT9M-00000-00000000-00000600 Hello and welcome. I have decided to create seperate tutorials for each looping statement. gOlSpfeMT9M-00001-00000700-00001600 I want to keep it simple. This will be useful as a reference also if you need to refer to how a particular loop works. gOlSpfeMT9M-00002-00001700-00002000 In this tutorial, we will learn about the WHILE loop gOlSpfeMT9M-00003-00002100-00003700 A WHILE loop checks for a condition at the start at the loop and executes the code depending on whether this condition is True or not gOlSpfeMT9M-00004-00003800-00005000 for example I'll start my 'WHILE loop' here and this is the condition and this is my block. gOlSpfeMT9M-00005-00005100-00005500 I'll represent my block between curly brackets. gOlSpfeMT9M-00006-00005600-00006300 My condition is here. Now, in the 'IF statement', for example I used 1==1. gOlSpfeMT9M-00007-00006400-00006600 Now if I say 'test' or 'loop' here. gOlSpfeMT9M-00008-00006700-00007600 This is a loop here and then a break. Now what happens is as long as 1=1, it would create a loop gOlSpfeMT9M-00009-00007700-00008100 If I do something here, lets try this. gOlSpfeMT9M-00010-00008200-00009300 It would probably crash your browser because the loop would be repeated as long as 1=1 and for infinite no. of times, 1 will always equal 1. gOlSpfeMT9M-00011-00009400-00009900 So since the loop will always be repeated, your browser will crash. gOlSpfeMT9M-00012-00010000-00011600 Lets say while a variable, 'num' is smaller or equal to 10 and under echo i can say - 'num ++' gOlSpfeMT9M-00013-00011700-00013500 '++' is an arithmetical operator. And what it basically does is, it increases num by 1. It is the same as writing 'num =num +1' gOlSpfeMT9M-00014-00013600-00014200 So it takes num and says that it is equal to the value of num plus 1. gOlSpfeMT9M-00015-00014300-00014800 So this again is an arithmetical operator. What's going to happen is - gOlSpfeMT9M-00016-00014900-00016000 We are going to say 'num' lesser than or equal to '10', if yes then echo loop and then say add 1 on to the variable num gOlSpfeMT9M-00017-00016100-00018000 But what we should really do is create 'num = 1' at the moment. So loop once at 1. This will then equal 2 then 3 then 4 all the way up to 10 and then it will stop gOlSpfeMT9M-00018-00018100-00018500 After that the rest of the code below this will continue. gOlSpfeMT9M-00019-00018600-00019900 So we said this 1 and see what will we get. Okay we got a loop 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 times gOlSpfeMT9M-00020-00020000-00020600 Now to make it more fun I'll say loop 1 and I'll concatenate 'num' to the end of that gOlSpfeMT9M-00021-00020700-00021600 In fact let's make it simpler and say 'num' inside - it will make it much easier to read gOlSpfeMT9M-00022-00021700-00022800 Okay I'll say loop 1 and add 1 and then I'll say loop 2 and I'll add another 1; that's loop 3 add another 1 up to 10. gOlSpfeMT9M-00023-00022900-00023700 Lets open this up. Refresh it. There you go. You got loop 1,2,3 all the way up to 10 as you can see gOlSpfeMT9M-00024-00023800-00024700 Lets change this value here to 100. Refresh that. You can see it has gone to hundred. The bigger the number, the longer it will take to loop gOlSpfeMT9M-00025-00024800-00025900 Let's take 6000. Let's refresh that. It's going to take a while. There you go - up to 6000. So it's very efficient in this way gOlSpfeMT9M-00026-00026000-00026600 You can try combining this with an 'array' to create a program that echoes out of the alphabet inside the 'array' gOlSpfeMT9M-00027-00026700-00027100 You can use loops to echo out every single value of an array gOlSpfeMT9M-00028-00027200-00027900 Just give it a go. I will probably do this in one my tutorial - not in the basics section though gOlSpfeMT9M-00029-00028000-00029200 However, this is the basics structure. What I also recommend you to do is create a variable here called 'max' and put your maximum value here gOlSpfeMT9M-00030-00029300-00030200 This will do exactly the same thing. It's just a lot more easy to read and you can declare all this here and this would be a reference to it gOlSpfeMT9M-00031-00030300-00031600 If you have more than 1 loop. I prefer it for readability and flexibility for my program. Okay so that's a WHILE loop. Let me summarise. It checks the condition of the start gOlSpfeMT9M-00032-00031700-00032300 If the condition is True. it would execute this block of code and you can do things like 'echo alpha' gOlSpfeMT9M-00033-00032400-00033100 Your variable is being incremented. Make sure that you do increment your variable otherwise it will loop for infinity. gOlSpfeMT9M-00034-00033200-00033700 Thanks for watching. This is Sidharth for the Spoken Tutorial Project, signing off. Goodbye. gQWXncHKbV8-00000-00000022-00000720 Hey everyone! Hello. Welcome to Jon Gjengset's thesis defense. And thank you for attending. gQWXncHKbV8-00001-00000720-00001017 I want to say just a couple of words beforehanding over to Jon. gQWXncHKbV8-00002-00001017-00001712 In his research life, Jon's been pursuing a really neat vision for how busy web sites ought to manage their data. gQWXncHKbV8-00003-00001712-00002192 It's been exciting to watch him develop this vision and impressive to see his skill in realizing it. gQWXncHKbV8-00004-00002256-00002720 But in parallel with research, Jon's been a hugely energetic contributor to all the gQWXncHKbV8-00005-00002720-00003272 communities he touches. From his infinite patience as a TA, to organizing graduate student events, gQWXncHKbV8-00006-00003272-00003847 to live-streaming systems programming tutorials. Jon's sure to be valuable and valued whatever he gQWXncHKbV8-00007-00003847-00004384 sets his hand to. And assuming his committee lets him go, many people at MIT are going to miss him. gQWXncHKbV8-00008-00004440-00004552 I certainly will. gQWXncHKbV8-00009-00004552-00004768 So withthat, I'll hand over to Jon. gQWXncHKbV8-00010-00004896-00005074 Thank you Robert, I appreciate that! gQWXncHKbV8-00011-00005180-00005788 So, thank you everyone for coming, and welcome to my doctoral dissertation presentation gQWXncHKbV8-00012-00005788-00006462 where I'll be presenting my thesis on Partial State inDataflow-Dased Materialized Views. gQWXncHKbV8-00013-00006462-00007112 Now, my goal with this presentation is to try to summarize the past six years of work or so in about 45 minutes. gQWXncHKbV8-00014-00007168-00007616 And hopefully I will succeed. And at least, hopefully, by the end, you will understand what gQWXncHKbV8-00015-00007616-00008152 the words in the title mean. And why I think it was worthwhile to spend six years doing this work. gQWXncHKbV8-00016-00008232-00008920 Now, don't worry, this work was supervised. My committee, Robert, who you just saw, but also gQWXncHKbV8-00017-00008920-00009520 Frans, Sam, and Malte, have been working with me in basically trying to figure out that this gQWXncHKbV8-00018-00009520-00009984 work is worthwhile, and to make sure that what comes out of it is something that is valuable. gQWXncHKbV8-00019-00010136-00010504 So, I want to start this presentation with "Whyare we here?". gQWXncHKbV8-00020-00010504-00010885 And not in the existential sense of, like, "why are we all on this planet?". gQWXncHKbV8-00021-00010885-00011326 Butmore in the sense of "Why am I here?" — "Why am I talking to you at all?". gQWXncHKbV8-00022-00011326-00011669 I am here becauseI want to make databases better. gQWXncHKbV8-00023-00011669-00012251 And in order to understand the way in which I want to dothat, we first need to talk a little bit about what databases are, gQWXncHKbV8-00024-00012251-00012619 in order to understand theproblems that some applications have with them. gQWXncHKbV8-00025-00012619-00012886 So let's do a little bit of database 101. gQWXncHKbV8-00026-00012886-00013663 So here,in databases, you just sort of take some tables. In this case, we're going to work with a storiestable and a votes table. gQWXncHKbV8-00027-00013663-00013994 And these two tables hold stories and votes. gQWXncHKbV8-00028-00013994-00014512 And then the idea is that, as an application, you can query these tables by issuing "queries". gQWXncHKbV8-00029-00014512-00015040 And these queries might do all sortsof things, like they might aggregate and combine values, or they might gQWXncHKbV8-00030-00015040-00015391 join different tables together, in order to produce some application gQWXncHKbV8-00031-00015480-00016047 data that it might care about. And the query operations are here shown in orange. gQWXncHKbV8-00032-00016104-00016392 If you want to modify the data, then you perform an gQWXncHKbV8-00033-00016392-00016888 "insert" or an "update" or a "delete" directly into the tables at the bottom. So here, if you gQWXncHKbV8-00034-00016888-00017464 wanted to insert a new vote, then you just make that insert operation directly to the votes table. gQWXncHKbV8-00035-00017536-00017960 And even though inserts in SQL, and updates and deletes, are "queries", gQWXncHKbV8-00036-00017960-00018384 I will not be referring them as such in this talk. Rather, I will be talking about queries as things gQWXncHKbV8-00037-00018384-00018976 that read data. Think SELECTs. Whereas inserts, updates, and deltes, are "writes" or "updates". gQWXncHKbV8-00038-00019192-00019624 And now that we've looked at this picture, you might see that there is a lot more orange here gQWXncHKbV8-00039-00019624-00020144 than blue. And what this indicates is that if you do a read, you have to do more work than if you're gQWXncHKbV8-00040-00020144-00020672 doing a write. But this is unfortunate, because in practice many applications, and in particular gQWXncHKbV8-00041-00020672-00021200 web applications, are read-heavy. They do a lot more reads relative to the number of writes. gQWXncHKbV8-00042-00021200-00021592 And then it seems unfortunate that the reads are also the most expensive operation. gQWXncHKbV8-00043-00021736-00022456 And so, ideally we want some way to mitigate this problem. Because it becomes pretty severe gQWXncHKbV8-00044-00022456-00022784 once you look at applications that issue many many read queries that are gQWXncHKbV8-00045-00022856-00023296 either identical or similar, where there is a lot of work that is a same in executing any gQWXncHKbV8-00046-00023296-00023816 given query. And it'd be great if we didn't have to do this repeated, unnecessary work. gQWXncHKbV8-00047-00023880-00024336 And you might say, well Jon, this problem has been solved: you just use a cache. And it's true that gQWXncHKbV8-00048-00024336-00024912 caches are great. Caches are essentially a storage system that you place in front of your database. gQWXncHKbV8-00049-00024912-00025440 And the idea is that the queries look in the cache, and if the result is there, then they just gQWXncHKbV8-00050-00025440-00025983 return immediately, and the reads are now fast. And then only if you miss in the cache — if the gQWXncHKbV8-00051-00025983-00026368 result you're after is not there — you issue a query to the backend database. gQWXncHKbV8-00052-00026448-00026936 And it's true that this does make queries fast. And there are some other similar schemes, gQWXncHKbV8-00053-00026936-00027456 like denormalization where you store and maintain derived values like the number gQWXncHKbV8-00054-00027456-00027936 of votes for a story in the stories table, that has a similar effect. gQWXncHKbV8-00055-00028032-00028392 And it's true that caches are great, but unfortunately they're also really hard to gQWXncHKbV8-00056-00028392-00028920 get right. This diagram is an attempt to summarize some of the things that you have gQWXncHKbV8-00057-00028920-00029616 to get right in the application in order to use this kind of a caching strategy correctly. So, gQWXncHKbV8-00058-00029616-00030232 the cache is great, but as the data in the tables changes, the cache becomes out of date. gQWXncHKbV8-00059-00030232-00030744 And it needs to somehow be refreshed. So imagine that we insert a new vote into the votes table, gQWXncHKbV8-00060-00030744-00031424 the cached vote count is now wrong. And so the path of the application that inserts this new vote gQWXncHKbV8-00061-00031424-00032048 also needs to invalidate or somehow mark the cache as being outdated, and maybe refresh that value. gQWXncHKbV8-00062-00032152-00032560 Furthermore, even though it is easy to say that if you miss in the cache you have to query, gQWXncHKbV8-00063-00032560-00033112 it's hard to figure out how this should work in practice. Imagine that 100,000 people want gQWXncHKbV8-00064-00033112-00033728 to read a particular story, but that story is not present in cache. Do all those application queries gQWXncHKbV8-00065-00033728-00034408 all swarm the database, and all execute the same query? That seems wasteful too. And gQWXncHKbV8-00066-00034464-00034992 even if they do that, we still need some way to fill the cache. If all of them read when they gQWXncHKbV8-00067-00034992-00035552 miss, someone has to write that value back into the cache. And orchestrating who should do that is gQWXncHKbV8-00068-00035552-00036216 not entirely trivial. Beyond this, over time, the cache is going to accumulate more and more values. gQWXncHKbV8-00069-00036216-00036776 And we only have so many resources on the server that's serving these gQWXncHKbV8-00070-00036776-00037216 requests. And so we need some way to evict from this cache, entries that are old or gQWXncHKbV8-00071-00037216-00037800 unpopular. But then the question arises again: who does this eviction, and how? And hopefully gQWXncHKbV8-00072-00037800-00038328 this image gives you an idea of just all the stuff that needs to be figured out by the gQWXncHKbV8-00073-00038328-00038808 application developers in order to make databases serve these kinds of read-heavy workloads. gQWXncHKbV8-00074-00038880-00039384 And so in my research, I've been looking specifically at this problem of automatic gQWXncHKbV8-00075-00039384-00039896 database caching. Specifically, is there a way that we can get all this cache logic to gQWXncHKbV8-00076-00039896-00040400 not reside in the application, and instead be provided by the database. And that is what gQWXncHKbV8-00077-00040400-00040816 my thesis implements, and what we're going to be looking at for the rest of the talk. gQWXncHKbV8-00078-00040816-00041216 Now, the way we're going to do that is we're going to be walking through the title of the gQWXncHKbV8-00079-00041216-00041688 thesis. Which, to remind you, is partial state in dataflow-based materialized views. gQWXncHKbV8-00080-00041688-00042152 And what we're going to do is we're going to parse the title from right to left. And gQWXncHKbV8-00081-00042152-00042488 then move through the words and figure out what they mean and how they fit together. gQWXncHKbV8-00082-00042568-00043040 So let's start with materialized views. And in particular, why they're useful in this context. gQWXncHKbV8-00083-00043104-00043544 Materialized views have been around for a long time; they were invented by the database community gQWXncHKbV8-00084-00043544-00044392 in the early 1980s. And essentially they are running the query and then remembering the result. gQWXncHKbV8-00085-00044392-00044792 Which sounds like a fairly straightforward thing — it sounds very much like a cache. gQWXncHKbV8-00086-00044856-00045344 And the key question with materialized views, just like with caches, is how to maintain that gQWXncHKbV8-00087-00045344-00045920 materialization. What happens if the data in the tables change? And so this is what is called gQWXncHKbV8-00088-00045920-00046536 materialized view maintenance. And ideally we want this maintenance to be incremental. We want it to gQWXncHKbV8-00089-00046536-00047096 be so that we don't have to re-execute the query that is materialized every time the underlying gQWXncHKbV8-00090-00047096-00047776 data changes. For example, if some story has 100,000 votes, and then one vote more comes in, gQWXncHKbV8-00091-00047776-00048280 we'd like to not have to count to 100,001, and instead just take the current count of 100,000, gQWXncHKbV8-00092-00048344-00048712 and have the system just realized it can just increment that count by one rather gQWXncHKbV8-00093-00048712-00049216 than recomputing the query from scratch. We also have this questions when it comes to materialized gQWXncHKbV8-00094-00049216-00049752 view maintenance of whether we maintain on write, so proactively when a new change gQWXncHKbV8-00095-00049752-00050352 happens to the underlying data. Or whether we do it sort of lazily and on demand on later reads. gQWXncHKbV8-00096-00050544-00050936 And this brings us to the next part of the thesis title, which is gQWXncHKbV8-00097-00050936-00051528 how we maintain these kinds of materializations. And the title gives us a clue: dataflow-based. gQWXncHKbV8-00098-00051591-00052120 Now, dataflow has a lot of meanings in different parts of academia, gQWXncHKbV8-00099-00052120-00052496 and in particular within Computer Science, but essentially it is a systems architecture. gQWXncHKbV8-00100-00052552-00053184 And in this talk, we're going to be talking about dataflow as having data move to compute. The idea gQWXncHKbV8-00101-00053184-00053784 here is that instead of code fetching data from tables, you're going to have the tables gQWXncHKbV8-00102-00053784-00054272 send data towards the compute. You can think of this a little bit like push-based computation. gQWXncHKbV8-00103-00054391-00055072 And these data changes are going to propagate through a graph of operators. These are gQWXncHKbV8-00104-00055072-00055584 relational operators like joins, aggregations, and filters. And you can sort of think of them gQWXncHKbV8-00105-00055584-00056272 as whatever operators you might use in SQL. This might sound a little hard to get your head around, gQWXncHKbV8-00106-00056272-00056576 and so I'm going to give an example shortly of how this works out in practice. gQWXncHKbV8-00107-00056648-00057240 And then each edge of the dataflow is going to indicate a data dependency. So for example, a join gQWXncHKbV8-00108-00057240-00057744 is going to depend on all of the inputs of that join. An aggregation is going to depend on the gQWXncHKbV8-00109-00057744-00058391 table, or the data, that it is aggregating over. And then the messages that flow over the edges gQWXncHKbV8-00110-00058391-00059000 of the dataflow are going to be deltas. A delta here is a full row, it has columns just like the gQWXncHKbV8-00111-00059152-00059672 rows that are coming out of the operator above, but they also have a "sign" which is either gQWXncHKbV8-00112-00059672-00060312 positive or negative. If a delta has a positive sign, you can think of it as an addition, an gQWXncHKbV8-00113-00060312-00060991 additional query row result to what came before. If it's a negative, it's a revocation of some gQWXncHKbV8-00114-00060991-00061712 result that was previously issued. You can think of it as sort of "add this" or "remove this". And gQWXncHKbV8-00115-00061712-00062160 in particular, we're going to be looking at this whole dataflow model in the context of "Noria", gQWXncHKbV8-00116-00062160-00062672 which is an eventually consistent materialized view system that is built using dataflow. gQWXncHKbV8-00117-00062864-00063360 So let's take a look at a concrete example of how dataflow can be used to maintain materialized gQWXncHKbV8-00118-00063360-00063896 views. So here on the left I show you a query, and on the right, I show you the dataflow that gQWXncHKbV8-00119-00063896-00064408 Noria constructs for that query. So the query here creates a materialized view by the name gQWXncHKbV8-00120-00064408-00065024 of StoryWithVC. VC for vote count here. And then defines a query that does a join between stories gQWXncHKbV8-00121-00065024-00065600 and votes on the story id. And then counts the number of votes for each story. You can see it gQWXncHKbV8-00122-00065600-00066256 groups by stories.id. And if you squint at this, you can see how some of the parts from gQWXncHKbV8-00123-00066256-00066864 the relational query appear in the dataflow graph. For example, there's an aggregation here, a count, gQWXncHKbV8-00124-00066864-00067536 indicated by the sum operator in the dataflow. And it groups by the stories id, which we know gQWXncHKbV8-00125-00067536-00068200 from the join clause is the same as the story_id column of votes. Similarly, there's a join between gQWXncHKbV8-00126-00068200-00068624 stories and votes, and that is represented by the join operator in the dataflow graph. gQWXncHKbV8-00127-00068680-00069048 You might notice here that these seem a little out of order: the join is between stories and votes, gQWXncHKbV8-00128-00069048-00069576 not stories and the vote count operator. And what we see here is the effect of query optimization. gQWXncHKbV8-00129-00069576-00070216 Noria has decided that it's going to do the aggregation first for optimization purposes. gQWXncHKbV8-00130-00070216-00070568 And now the question becomes: what if the application wants to read from this view at gQWXncHKbV8-00131-00070568-00071144 the bottom, StoryWithVC. Well what happens is that the application issues a query gQWXncHKbV8-00132-00071144-00071480 over that view. Which might look something like this. So in this case gQWXncHKbV8-00133-00071480-00072219 SELECT * FROM StoryWithVC WHERE id = ?. Where question mark here means some parameter that gQWXncHKbV8-00134-00072219-00072856 is input by the application at runtime. And that parameter is essentially going to be a lookup key gQWXncHKbV8-00135-00072856-00073336 into the materialized view to get out just the subset that the application cares about. gQWXncHKbV8-00136-00073608-00074144 Now imagine that some data changes in the underlying tables. So imagine for example gQWXncHKbV8-00137-00074144-00074936 that a new vote comes in for some story. What Noria is going to do is take that input change gQWXncHKbV8-00138-00074936-00075704 and inject it into the dataflow at the votes table node in the dataflow graph. And then it's going to gQWXncHKbV8-00139-00075704-00076216 stream that as an update through the dataflow graph, along each of the edges, gQWXncHKbV8-00140-00076216-00076552 down the dataflow, all the way down to any materialized views we might have. gQWXncHKbV8-00141-00076608-00077064 And the idea here is that the update here is modified by the operators it passes through. gQWXncHKbV8-00142-00077128-00077752 So for example, when the vote — let's say it's for story 7 — passes through the count operator, gQWXncHKbV8-00143-00077752-00078440 the count is going to replace, or convert, that +1 vote into a negative of the old count — a gQWXncHKbV8-00144-00078440-00078960 negative delta — and a positive delta of the new count. So in this case, it'll be a -7, gQWXncHKbV8-00145-00078960-00079640 the story id, 42, the old count, and a positive 7, 43 for the new count. You can think of this gQWXncHKbV8-00146-00079640-00080144 message as communicating: "It used to be that the count for story 7 was 42. Forget that, gQWXncHKbV8-00147-00080144-00080888 it is now 43". These two deltas then flow along to the join, and the join needs to convert that again gQWXncHKbV8-00148-00080952-00081424 into some kind of delta that can be applied to the downstream materialized view. gQWXncHKbV8-00149-00081424-00081856 From the query, we know that the materialized view has a bunch of additional columns that come from gQWXncHKbV8-00150-00081856-00082480 the stories table. And so the join performs a join by doing lookups into the stories table and then gQWXncHKbV8-00151-00082480-00083096 stitching together the output deltas so that they have the additional columns. Those deltas gQWXncHKbV8-00152-00083096-00083624 then flow through the dataflow again, down to the StoryWithVC materialized view where they update gQWXncHKbV8-00153-00083624-00084104 that view in place. And now subsequent reads from that materialized view are going to see gQWXncHKbV8-00154-00084104-00084760 the updated result. The result that has the count of 43 rather than 42. gQWXncHKbV8-00155-00084888-00085328 Now that we've walked through dataflow-based materialized views at a relatively high level, gQWXncHKbV8-00156-00085328-00085680 let's start to look at the last part — or first part — of the title: gQWXncHKbV8-00157-00085680-00086128 partial state. And partial state is the core contribution of this thesis, gQWXncHKbV8-00158-00086208-00086408 and what we'll be looking at for the rest of this talk. gQWXncHKbV8-00159-00086488-00087000 So partial state can be summarized as "learning to forget". The observation here gQWXncHKbV8-00160-00087000-00087800 is that the chances are most entries in any given view are not accessed. Old and unpopular stories gQWXncHKbV8-00161-00087800-00088384 are just sitting there wasting memory; if no one ever reads story 7, why are we storing its result? gQWXncHKbV8-00162-00088440-00088864 Furthermore, why are we even computing, and keeping the results up to date, if no one reads gQWXncHKbV8-00163-00088864-00089480 them? Similarly, if we don't have the memory to keep all the results for every story in there, gQWXncHKbV8-00164-00089480-00090008 we might need to choose to only keep some of them. Say, only the popular ones that speed up reads the gQWXncHKbV8-00165-00090008-00090552 most. We want to trade off in favor of the most popular and most frequently accessed things. gQWXncHKbV8-00166-00090680-00091160 But traditional materialized views don't really give us this opportunity. As we saw before, you gQWXncHKbV8-00167-00091160-00091552 just have a query that gets all of the results, and then you have to query over that view. gQWXncHKbV8-00168-00091664-00092104 And what we need is some way to evict old entries from materialized views, gQWXncHKbV8-00169-00092104-00092712 and only add new ones on demand. Which brings me to three of the main contributions of this thesis. gQWXncHKbV8-00170-00092768-00093128 The first is the notion of missing state in materialized views: gQWXncHKbV8-00171-00093128-00093776 the ability to mark some state as not being there, and not expending memory on it. The second is the gQWXncHKbV8-00172-00093776-00094440 mechanism of upqueries, which allow populating missing state using dataflow. And finally, gQWXncHKbV8-00173-00094440-00095040 an implementation and evaluation of partial state in the Noria dataflow materialized view system. gQWXncHKbV8-00174-00095248-00095680 So in order to get at partial state, one thing we first need to figure out gQWXncHKbV8-00175-00095680-00096144 is this separation between the definition of the view and the query over that view. gQWXncHKbV8-00176-00096208-00096624 Because unfortunately this doesn't give us quite enough information to make the view gQWXncHKbV8-00177-00096624-00097184 partial. We don't know what key to use as the basis for deciding whether a subset of the view gQWXncHKbV8-00178-00097184-00097688 should be made missing or not. We don't know the query key that the application is going to use. gQWXncHKbV8-00179-00097752-00098096 And therefore, in partial state and in partially materialized views, gQWXncHKbV8-00180-00098096-00098688 what we're going to do is introduce the query parameter into the view definition itself. So gQWXncHKbV8-00181-00098688-00099024 instead of writing what you currently see on screen, and having them be separate, gQWXncHKbV8-00182-00099024-00099592 we can have a single view definition that also includes this clause of where the story id equals gQWXncHKbV8-00183-00099592-00100080 question mark. And then have the question mark be a parameter for the view. And we're going gQWXncHKbV8-00184-00100080-00100712 to use this key to determine if a given result is present or missing. And then when the application gQWXncHKbV8-00185-00100712-00101240 wants to query over this view, it's going to execute that view without any additional query, gQWXncHKbV8-00186-00101240-00101688 and just supply the parameters that are identified by the question mark placeholders. gQWXncHKbV8-00187-00101920-00102328 And what's neat about this is that when an application wants to execute a given view, gQWXncHKbV8-00188-00102328-00102792 let's say for story 7, that gets sent as a request to Noria. gQWXncHKbV8-00189-00102848-00103248 Which then receives it and looks up into its materialized view, looks for the index for gQWXncHKbV8-00190-00103248-00103808 story 7, and it might find that that entry is missing, indicated here by a hollow green box. gQWXncHKbV8-00191-00103920-00104400 Now when this happens, some mechanism needs to be in place in order to fill that result, gQWXncHKbV8-00192-00104400-00105056 that subset of the view, so that we can respond to the application. The way we do this is using an gQWXncHKbV8-00193-00105056-00105656 "upquery". And an upquery is, as the name implies, a query that goes up the dataflow graph. In this gQWXncHKbV8-00194-00105656-00106280 case, immediately to the join operator. And you can think of an upquery as a request for a summary gQWXncHKbV8-00195-00106280-00106888 of all the relevant past deltas to be retransmitted through the dataflow. You can think gQWXncHKbV8-00196-00106888-00107368 of it sort of as the downstream saying: "tell me about 7 again, because I forgot all about it". gQWXncHKbV8-00197-00107568-00108152 Now, the join in this case is stateless — it doesn't have a way to send such a summary — and so gQWXncHKbV8-00198-00108264-00108640 in order to support this, upqueries can also recurse. In this case, gQWXncHKbV8-00199-00108640-00109159 the join might choose to forward this upquery to one of its ancestors, which might be stateful. gQWXncHKbV8-00200-00109159-00109720 In this case, let's say it decides to forward that upquery to the count operator on the right. gQWXncHKbV8-00201-00109888-00110376 And you can think of this as sort of asking: "can you tell me about 7 so that I can tell the gQWXncHKbV8-00202-00110376-00110952 join — the downstream — about 7?". Now, a quick aside here: we've only talked so far about state gQWXncHKbV8-00203-00110952-00111520 in tables and in views. But there is other state too. Remember how I mentioned that the count takes gQWXncHKbV8-00204-00111520-00112032 a +1 vote and turns it into a negative for the old count and a positive for the new count? Well, gQWXncHKbV8-00205-00112032-00112383 in order to do that, it needs to remember that the current count was 42. gQWXncHKbV8-00206-00112448-00112976 And the way it does this is it also keeps its own little materialized view internally. It's gQWXncHKbV8-00207-00112976-00113504 a materialized view of its past output. And so this might actually be state that gQWXncHKbV8-00208-00113504-00113920 is present in the dataflow, and that can be used to satisfy these upqueries. gQWXncHKbV8-00209-00113976-00114535 In this case, it might be that story 7 is known in that materialized state, and so we don't need gQWXncHKbV8-00210-00114535-00114983 another upquery to recurse all the way back to the individual votes in the votes table. gQWXncHKbV8-00211-00115080-00115600 When the aggregation responds to the upquery, it sends that upquery just directly through the gQWXncHKbV8-00212-00115600-00116192 existing dataflow. And this is a key point: there is no need for special operators or different gQWXncHKbV8-00213-00116192-00116744 forward or backwards query processing in this design. Instead, the response that gets sent gQWXncHKbV8-00214-00116744-00117240 through the dataflow is just a single message that holds the current state of the source for gQWXncHKbV8-00215-00117240-00117928 the requested key. And it's processed just like any other dataflow update. When that response gQWXncHKbV8-00216-00117928-00118440 arrives at the join, the join does the same thing it would have done for any other update: looks gQWXncHKbV8-00217-00118440-00118888 up into stories, patches together the output, and then forwards that back to the materialized view. gQWXncHKbV8-00218-00118959-00119552 And that materialized view, when it receives this upquery response, takes that and uses it to fill gQWXncHKbV8-00219-00119552-00120200 in the hollow box because this represents the answer for 7. At this point we now have enough gQWXncHKbV8-00220-00120200-00120656 state to respond to the application query for 7, so we can just send the response back. gQWXncHKbV8-00221-00120783-00121104 What's nice about this is that the state has now been populated. gQWXncHKbV8-00222-00121104-00121832 So if we now get later queries for the same value, 7, we can just serve them directly from gQWXncHKbV8-00223-00121832-00122528 the same materialized view because that state is no longer missing. What all of this enables, gQWXncHKbV8-00224-00122528-00123096 and the sort of key feature of partial state, is that at some point later, if story 7 falls gQWXncHKbV8-00225-00123096-00123648 out of favor — becomes old — we can evict that entry. In fact, we can evict any state we want gQWXncHKbV8-00226-00123648-00124216 internally in the system related to that key. So for example, we might choose a year later gQWXncHKbV8-00227-00124216-00124744 to evict story 7 from both the aggregation state and also from the materialized view. gQWXncHKbV8-00228-00124744-00125248 And this lets us save memory that can then be used to materialize other results that are popular. gQWXncHKbV8-00229-00125424-00125911 I mentioned also that we might waste compute to keep materialized view results up to date gQWXncHKbV8-00230-00125911-00126383 that are no longer being accessed. And eviction and missing state allow us to work around this. gQWXncHKbV8-00231-00126383-00126928 Imagine that after evicting 7, some change happens to the story table where say the title of gQWXncHKbV8-00232-00126992-00127528 story 7 changes. This is going to introduce a delta in the dataflow graph that changes gQWXncHKbV8-00233-00127528-00128104 the story. And when that arrives at the join, and the join does a lookup into the state of gQWXncHKbV8-00234-00128104-00128616 the aggregation to figure out what the count is, it's going to encounter missing state. gQWXncHKbV8-00235-00128616-00129408 And when it does, we can safely evict that… Sorry, we can safely discard that update to gQWXncHKbV8-00236-00129408-00129888 the story. The reasons for this are a little subtle, and the thesis goes into more detail, gQWXncHKbV8-00237-00129888-00130464 but essentially if you observe missing state for a given key in a sibling in the graph, it generally gQWXncHKbV8-00238-00130464-00130920 also means that that state is missing downstream. And therefore there is nothing to update — there gQWXncHKbV8-00239-00130920-00131384 is no state for 7 downstream — and so don't need to update it and can discard this update entirely. gQWXncHKbV8-00240-00131528-00131920 At this point I've talked enough about materialized views and dataflow and partial state gQWXncHKbV8-00241-00131920-00132232 that I think it's time for an intermission where we talk a little bit about related work. gQWXncHKbV8-00242-00132320-00132768 And there's been a lot of related work in this general area. And the first of course is gQWXncHKbV8-00243-00132768-00133424 materialized view maintenance. So, materialized views, in general, have traditionally been used gQWXncHKbV8-00244-00133424-00134056 for a slightly different workload than what I'm going for with this thesis work. In general, gQWXncHKbV8-00245-00134056-00134520 materialized views are used for something like an analyst that comes in to check gQWXncHKbV8-00246-00134520-00135136 results occasionally. And it would be too slow that complex query the analyst wants to run gQWXncHKbV8-00247-00135136-00135656 those few times they come in. And therefore, over time, we're just going to keep this materialized gQWXncHKbV8-00248-00135656-00136080 view. And then when the analyst comes in they can just open the view and it opens immediately. gQWXncHKbV8-00249-00136080-00136584 And so the focus has more been on the maintenance than the reads because the reads are infrequent. gQWXncHKbV8-00250-00136648-00137136 Think of it as there is a high frequency and volume of writes, and so we want to make sure that gQWXncHKbV8-00251-00137136-00137784 the maintenance is as efficient as possible. But it's okay if the read has to sort of do a bunch gQWXncHKbV8-00252-00137784-00138272 of work when the analyst sits down as long as it's much less than it would be to execute the query. gQWXncHKbV8-00253-00138400-00138808 These systems also generally have little or no support for on-demand gQWXncHKbV8-00254-00138808-00139280 queries. The queries are often compiled into a program, or something similar, gQWXncHKbV8-00255-00139280-00139800 and it's not really built for the kind of dynamic query setting that we often see in something gQWXncHKbV8-00256-00139800-00140536 like a web application. And for similar reasons these systems rarely have support for eviction, gQWXncHKbV8-00257-00140536-00140904 because it's not really needed; the analyst's query is what it is. That is the view. gQWXncHKbV8-00258-00140960-00141352 And there's no subset of the view that is more important than the others. gQWXncHKbV8-00259-00141568-00142136 Another area of related work is automated caching systems. We've seen a number of these come out of gQWXncHKbV8-00260-00142136-00142584 both industry and academia. Unfortunately, especially the ones out of industry, gQWXncHKbV8-00261-00142584-00143200 these tend to be very tailored for a particular purpose. They're not really general purpose things gQWXncHKbV8-00262-00143200-00143528 that you can plug and play into your own application. What usually happens gQWXncHKbV8-00263-00143528-00143896 is some large company has a particular caching problem, they build a solution gQWXncHKbV8-00264-00143896-00144384 that works for them, but you can't just spin that up in your Ruby on Rails application. gQWXncHKbV8-00265-00144528-00145072 These systems also often only support invalidation, and not incremental updates. gQWXncHKbV8-00266-00145072-00145536 They just focus on evicting things from cache that are related, and not updating them in place, gQWXncHKbV8-00267-00145536-00146016 which has the downside that now you might miss a lot and have to go the backend a lot more gQWXncHKbV8-00268-00146016-00146648 than is necessary. Furthermore, these systems are often limited to specific database interactions: gQWXncHKbV8-00269-00146648-00147176 they require that you go through a framework or an ORM. As opposed to what we're targeting here, gQWXncHKbV8-00270-00147176-00147584 which is sort of general-purpose SQL where you just write SQL queries, you write views, gQWXncHKbV8-00271-00147584-00148096 and they just work similar to parameterized prepared statements in SQL. gQWXncHKbV8-00272-00148224-00148648 And finally, there's been a lot of work on dataflow and stream processing systems. gQWXncHKbV8-00273-00148648-00149192 And these systems are also usually focused on write performance, similar to materialized views, gQWXncHKbV8-00274-00149192-00149672 where there is a data pipeline and you want to perform all these ongoing computations gQWXncHKbV8-00275-00149672-00150120 over that data pipeline. These tend to focus on strong consistency, gQWXncHKbV8-00276-00150176-00150728 which usually comes at the cost of read latency. The reads generally have to coordinated with the gQWXncHKbV8-00277-00150792-00151384 data pipeline somehow; often the reads even have to go through the write processing path in gQWXncHKbV8-00278-00151384-00151936 order to give consistent results. Whereas with Noria we can leverage the eventual consistency gQWXncHKbV8-00279-00151936-00152352 to give much faster results by leveraging the fact that the results are allowed to be stale. gQWXncHKbV8-00280-00152632-00153184 These dataflow systems, and stream processing systems, also tend to have limited support for gQWXncHKbV8-00281-00153184-00153680 on-demand compute and eviction. Here, too, you sort of set up some queries, and they gQWXncHKbV8-00282-00153680-00154224 run for a while, and you can't evict partial results from a given materialized view. If you gQWXncHKbV8-00283-00154224-00154632 wanted to you would sort of have to terminate the process, or something along those lines. gQWXncHKbV8-00284-00154816-00155288 So now that I've talked to you for a bit about what the system does, you might wonder: gQWXncHKbV8-00285-00155288-00155600 well, are we done? Is everything you told me everything I need to know, and I can just go gQWXncHKbV8-00286-00155600-00156056 run this in my application. And unfortunately that's not the case. Although if it were, gQWXncHKbV8-00287-00156056-00156448 this thesis wouldn't be very valuable, and so I'm kind of glad that there are more challenges. gQWXncHKbV8-00288-00156536-00157088 Because it turns out that, in practice, things are hard. In particular, we need to ensure that gQWXncHKbV8-00289-00157088-00157720 data changes to the tables take effect exactly once. For example, if you do an insert to the base gQWXncHKbV8-00290-00157720-00158376 table, well that insert has to happen. It can't just… The row you inserted can't just vanish. And gQWXncHKbV8-00291-00158376-00158872 if the database applied the insert multiple times so the table now contains that row multiple times, gQWXncHKbV8-00292-00158872-00159384 that would also not be great. Now, this might strike you as weird if you come from a traditional gQWXncHKbV8-00293-00159384-00159848 database world, because the only way that could really happen is through a bug. The database sort gQWXncHKbV8-00294-00159848-00160264 of goes through and looks at indicies and scans tables and such, and would only encounter any gQWXncHKbV8-00295-00160264-00160896 given row once. But in this model, it's a little bit harder. And the reason is because, well, gQWXncHKbV8-00296-00160896-00161576 it's two-fold. First, upqueries are summaries of past state. Things like all the state in the past, gQWXncHKbV8-00297-00161576-00162064 all the deltas in the past, for story 7. But upqueries can happen concurrently to updates that gQWXncHKbV8-00298-00162064-00162552 flow through the dataflow graph. And those updates might be for the same state. Imagine, for example, gQWXncHKbV8-00299-00162552-00163048 there's an upquery for story 7 at the same time as story 7 is being updated. We need to ensure gQWXncHKbV8-00300-00163048-00163600 that these don't conflict with each other and end up violating this sort of exactly once rule. gQWXncHKbV8-00301-00163760-00164368 Similarly, we want the ability to discard updates early to not maintain state unnecessarily. gQWXncHKbV8-00302-00164368-00164848 However, if we discard things erroneously — if we encounter missing state but there gQWXncHKbV8-00303-00164848-00165304 is downstream state that actually depended on the update that's flowing through the gQWXncHKbV8-00304-00165304-00165672 graph — then that'd be really unfortunate: that result would be permanently stale. gQWXncHKbV8-00305-00165760-00166144 There are a lot of hazards that can cause these kinds of problems, and the thesis goes through a gQWXncHKbV8-00306-00166144-00166784 fair number of them, but in this talk I'm going to focus on one just because of limited time. gQWXncHKbV8-00307-00166896-00167360 The one we're going to focus on is incongruent join evictions. And if you don't know what these gQWXncHKbV8-00308-00167360-00167776 are, it's not that weird because it's a term that I made up. But hopefully gQWXncHKbV8-00309-00167776-00168088 you're going to see in a little bit why I think the name makes sense. gQWXncHKbV8-00310-00168168-00168696 So let's start then with "what is an incongruent join?". What I'm showing you here is another query gQWXncHKbV8-00311-00168696-00169216 and dataflow side by side. It's a different query and dataflow from the ones we looked at before gQWXncHKbV8-00312-00169216-00169624 even though they look kind of similar. Here, we have a stories table like before, and then gQWXncHKbV8-00313-00169624-00170256 we have a users table. And the idea is that the stories table has an author id column. And in gQWXncHKbV8-00314-00170256-00170800 order to display a given story we probably want the author's name rather than just their user id. gQWXncHKbV8-00315-00170872-00171472 And so we store a separate table that has the user ids and various information about that user, such gQWXncHKbV8-00316-00171472-00172112 as their name. And so in this StoriesWithAuthor view we're doing a join between stories and users gQWXncHKbV8-00317-00172112-00172600 which ends up combining the results such that the output rows actually contain the author's name gQWXncHKbV8-00318-00172600-00173136 pulled from the users table. What makes this join incongruent is the fact that gQWXncHKbV8-00319-00173136-00173736 query key is different from the join key. The query key here is the story id, gQWXncHKbV8-00320-00173736-00174088 whereas the join key is the author id of the story. gQWXncHKbV8-00321-00174088-00174640 That's what we end up looking into users with. Now, in general this is not a problem. gQWXncHKbV8-00322-00174640-00175096 Let's first work through the sort of correct case of what happens when an upquery occurs. gQWXncHKbV8-00323-00175152-00175592 Well let's say that someone queries this view as well for story 7. An upquery goes to the join, gQWXncHKbV8-00324-00175592-00176056 the join is stateless, it forwards to the stories table. The stories tables looks up gQWXncHKbV8-00325-00176056-00176544 the state for 7 and sends back a message along the dataflow saying "here's story 7, the author gQWXncHKbV8-00326-00176544-00176912 is 42". It might include some other columns too, but let's just consider these for now. gQWXncHKbV8-00327-00177016-00177472 The join then dutifully does the lookup into the users table, and wants to look for the gQWXncHKbV8-00328-00177472-00178032 user information for user 42. And let's say it finds the name for user 42 is Lena. gQWXncHKbV8-00329-00178136-00178576 Well in that case it takes that information, it stitches it together with the update that gQWXncHKbV8-00330-00178640-00179152 flowed in as a response to the upquery, and then it forwards the response downstream to gQWXncHKbV8-00331-00179152-00179656 the materialized view to fill the hollow box — the missing state. So this includes 7, the gQWXncHKbV8-00332-00179656-00180176 various columns from the stories table, and the author name it fetched from users. So far so good. gQWXncHKbV8-00333-00180328-00180800 But now recall this figure. Where if we encounter missing state in a sibling, we end up just gQWXncHKbV8-00334-00180800-00181248 discarding the update, assuming that there's no state downstream that we might have to update. gQWXncHKbV8-00335-00181352-00181824 This ends up causing us a problem in this particular case. Let's consider what happens gQWXncHKbV8-00336-00181824-00182360 if the author changes. So this would be represented in the dataflow as two deltas: gQWXncHKbV8-00337-00182360-00182984 one that removes the story with the old author, and one that adds the story with the new author. gQWXncHKbV8-00338-00183104-00183400 These two deltas flow down through the dataflow graph, gQWXncHKbV8-00339-00183464-00183840 and when they arrive at the join, the join then needs to do the lookups as before. gQWXncHKbV8-00340-00184016-00184672 So it first does a lookup for 42. It again finds the state for Lena, and populates the author name gQWXncHKbV8-00341-00184672-00185136 column for that in preparation for sending it to the materialized view. And then it needs to do gQWXncHKbV8-00342-00185136-00185776 a lookup for author 43 to do the same for the positive delta. However, what if that lookup gQWXncHKbV8-00343-00185776-00186384 misses? So the lookup misses in the users table, and now we don't know what the author's name is! gQWXncHKbV8-00344-00186448-00186952 Now, you might wonder: how could this happen if users is a table? And there are two answers I can gQWXncHKbV8-00345-00186952-00187520 give you to that. One is you could imagine that the users table is, say, only partially stored in gQWXncHKbV8-00346-00187520-00188080 memory, and 43 would have to be fetched from disk. Now, Noria doesn't actually support this — keeping gQWXncHKbV8-00347-00188080-00188664 materialized state in memory versus disk — but in practice there are other ways that this can occur. gQWXncHKbV8-00348-00188664-00189128 For example, here I've given you a simplified view where users is just a table. But you could gQWXncHKbV8-00349-00189128-00189664 imagine that users is actually a view in and of itself, and has some large dataflow upstream. gQWXncHKbV8-00350-00189664-00190240 And then there could totally be results in users that are missing. Regardless of how this happens, gQWXncHKbV8-00351-00190240-00190784 the join still now has a problem: it needs to complete the processing of that update, gQWXncHKbV8-00352-00190784-00191288 but it doesn't have the state that's required to do so. So what do we do? We can't produce gQWXncHKbV8-00353-00191288-00191816 the needed update. We cannot forward just the negative, and just sort of discard the positive, gQWXncHKbV8-00354-00191816-00192416 because if we did, the downstream materialized view would now have no rows for story 7. And any gQWXncHKbV8-00355-00192416-00193048 subsequent query for story 7 would get no results, which is obviously not correct. We also can't just gQWXncHKbV8-00356-00193048-00193640 drop the update altogether. Because if we did, any subsequent read for 7 would now see the gQWXncHKbV8-00357-00193640-00194208 old author name rather than the new one. And this would also be a problem. So what do we do? gQWXncHKbV8-00358-00194280-00194856 Well, your first instinct might be that we can just fill the missing state. Right? We just have gQWXncHKbV8-00359-00194856-00195320 the users table do an upquery — or something — fill in the state for 43, and then everything is gQWXncHKbV8-00360-00195320-00195864 great. And while this seems like an attractive solution, in practice it doesn't work so well. gQWXncHKbV8-00361-00195864-00196632 Because we can't… we would have to hold up the dataflow at the join until that upquery finishes. gQWXncHKbV8-00362-00196632-00197080 And that might potentially take a long time. Remember, the users table might be a view that has gQWXncHKbV8-00363-00197080-00197536 huge dataflow above it. And satisfying that upquery might take forever. Well, gQWXncHKbV8-00364-00197536-00198112 at least a very long time. And during that time, the join can't process any more updates. gQWXncHKbV8-00365-00198112-00198496 And we're sort of stuck just holding up the dataflow — not processing more writes. gQWXncHKbV8-00366-00198568-00199088 In fact, it turns out this is even worse. There are cases — I won't go through them here — where gQWXncHKbV8-00367-00199088-00199592 this might end up in deadlock. Where the join can't process more updates until the upquery gQWXncHKbV8-00368-00199592-00200072 finishes, but the upquery cannot finish until the join processes more updates. And now we're stuck. gQWXncHKbV8-00369-00200296-00200728 You might think: well, can the join just process later updates to avoid this problem. gQWXncHKbV8-00370-00200728-00201088 But we can't process them out of order because there might be gQWXncHKbV8-00371-00201088-00201560 later updates that depend on this one. And so we need to finish processing this one first. gQWXncHKbV8-00372-00201664-00202232 Okay, so that's not a viable solution. What do we do instead? Well, partial state actually gives us gQWXncHKbV8-00373-00202232-00202776 the mechanism to solve this problem, and that is evictions. It's true that we don't know what gQWXncHKbV8-00374-00202776-00203400 the author for story 7 now is, but we can just communicate that downstream with an eviction. We gQWXncHKbV8-00375-00203400-00204184 can evict story 7 from the downstream materialized view. And now, all the application has… or, gQWXncHKbV8-00376-00204184-00204752 all Noria has to do, is when a later query comes in for 7, that's going to fill the required state gQWXncHKbV8-00377-00204864-00205456 through the normal upquery flow, which we already showed worked just fine. And it gQWXncHKbV8-00378-00205456-00206040 turns out the system can actually detect when you have incongruent joins, and only send evictions gQWXncHKbV8-00379-00206040-00206400 in those cases where it's necessary. It doesn't have to do it for every join. gQWXncHKbV8-00380-00206600-00207008 So might wonder now: does all of this work? Like, this seems like there's a bunch of gQWXncHKbV8-00381-00207008-00207448 mechanism internally, does it end up just killing performance — is this even worthwhile? gQWXncHKbV8-00382-00207544-00208192 In order to evaluate that, we need a realistic test subject. And for this thesis I chose gQWXncHKbV8-00383-00208192-00208792 Lobste.rs, which is a Hacker News-like news aggregator. Users submit stories, gQWXncHKbV8-00384-00208792-00209248 the users can vote for and comment on those stories, look at top lists of the most popular gQWXncHKbV8-00385-00209248-00209976 stories, that kind of stuff. And I chose Lobste.rs for two reasons. One is that it is open-source, gQWXncHKbV8-00386-00209976-00210608 which allows us to see the queries that are issued for different page requests. And the second gQWXncHKbV8-00387-00210608-00211232 is that the data statistics for Lobste.rs are available. This is stuff like how many gQWXncHKbV8-00388-00211232-00211792 requests come in per second in general, how are those requests distributed across different pages, gQWXncHKbV8-00389-00211792-00212471 what users what stories are most popular and most active. And ultimately all of this data allowed me gQWXncHKbV8-00390-00212471-00213032 to build a workload generator for Lobste.rs that can synthesize Loste.rs-like requests. gQWXncHKbV8-00391-00213136-00213560 And the reason why we want a generator here is so that we can change the load gQWXncHKbV8-00392-00213560-00213952 of the system artificially, and see whether the system keeps up. gQWXncHKbV8-00393-00214096-00214600 The generator also has a pluggable backend so that we can choose to run it against MySQL, gQWXncHKbV8-00394-00214600-00215296 against Noria, and just see how they perform. It also lets us bypass Ruby on Rails so that we can gQWXncHKbV8-00395-00215296-00215864 benchmark the true backend performance rather than the language that's serving the frontend. gQWXncHKbV8-00396-00216104-00216719 So lets' first look at how MySQL does. This is MySQL running on Amazon EC2. gQWXncHKbV8-00397-00216719-00217312 It's a 16-core instance. And this is showing the throughput that the workload generator can get to gQWXncHKbV8-00398-00217312-00217776 before the system falls over. Before all the cores on the machine are saturated gQWXncHKbV8-00399-00217776-00218248 and the latency starts to spike. So this gets to about 400 pages per second. gQWXncHKbV8-00400-00218392-00218712 And this is across all the different page types — it generates a sort of gQWXncHKbV8-00401-00218712-00219392 mix of page requests. Now I want to point out that this is already with a denormalized schema. gQWXncHKbV8-00402-00219392-00219848 The Lobste.rs developers have done a decent amount of work on their queries to make sure that things gQWXncHKbV8-00403-00219848-00220376 like the vote count — or their equivalent of it that they call story "hotness"­ — is actually a gQWXncHKbV8-00404-00220376-00220784 column of the stories table. So they don't generally have to join and aggregations in gQWXncHKbV8-00405-00220784-00221248 their queries. Although their update paths in the application have to do a lot of work to make sure gQWXncHKbV8-00406-00221248-00221816 those values are kept up to date. If you don't include this kind of manual denormalization gQWXncHKbV8-00407-00221880-00222392 the throughput for MySQL… it can't even keep up with a single page request per second. gQWXncHKbV8-00408-00222632-00223200 Now let's contrast that with running Noria without partial state. Noria without partial state already gQWXncHKbV8-00409-00223200-00223696 does significantly better — this is about an order of magnitude improvement. And this shows you the gQWXncHKbV8-00410-00223696-00224264 power of materialized view. Especially in a case like Lobste.rs where there's a majority of reads. gQWXncHKbV8-00411-00224264-00224896 All those reads don't have to do joins; they're essentially all just key/value lookups. Here, gQWXncHKbV8-00412-00224896-00225632 however, we run into another bottleneck: we're not CPU-bound, we're memory-bound. When Noria gQWXncHKbV8-00413-00225632-00226312 without partial gets to about 4500 pages per second, it runs out of the 128GB of memory gQWXncHKbV8-00414-00226312-00226680 on this machine. And in fact, it gets a little bit worse than that because gQWXncHKbV8-00415-00226680-00227200 the memory use tends to increase over time, and so if you ran the benchmark for longer gQWXncHKbV8-00416-00227200-00227792 it might not even keep up with this load for longer periods of time. And this is gQWXncHKbV8-00417-00227792-00228319 already with some amount of optimizations within Noria to make sure we only materialize requested gQWXncHKbV8-00418-00228319-00228760 values. So if no one ever asks for a particular query, we don't materialize results for it. gQWXncHKbV8-00419-00229023-00229608 And now let's look at what happens if we run Noria with partial state. It does significantly gQWXncHKbV8-00420-00229608-00230416 better — this is about 67% over Noria without partial, and about 18x MySQL. And here, there's gQWXncHKbV8-00421-00230416-00231008 actually a little bit of room to grow. This benchmark falls over not because of saturating gQWXncHKbV8-00422-00231008-00231600 all the cores, and not because of memory. It falls over because of processing upqueries. It turns gQWXncHKbV8-00423-00231600-00232071 out that there's a particularly update-heavy path through the dataflow that currently gQWXncHKbV8-00424-00232071-00232584 bottlenecks Noria. And this might be somewhere where additional optimizations could help. gQWXncHKbV8-00425-00232680-00233216 And we can see how Noria with partial state gets to this higher performance number by looking at gQWXncHKbV8-00426-00233216-00233776 the memory use. So here I'm showing you the memory use in GB for Noria without partial gQWXncHKbV8-00427-00233776-00234471 and Noria with partial. At the capacity just below where Noria without partial falls over. gQWXncHKbV8-00428-00234471-00234864 You see that Noria without partial uses over 100GB of memory, gQWXncHKbV8-00429-00234864-00235167 and Noria with partial state uses only a third of that. gQWXncHKbV8-00430-00235336-00235752 And you might say well, Jon, forget about MySQL, no one does that in practice. If I gQWXncHKbV8-00431-00235752-00236288 implemented caching myself, is Noria really going to keep up with that? Is Noria really a serious gQWXncHKbV8-00432-00236288-00236752 sort of competitor for that? And this is a really hard question to answer gQWXncHKbV8-00433-00236752-00237184 because it depends on the implementation, it depends on the application in question, gQWXncHKbV8-00434-00237184-00237712 it depends on the workload. And so instead what I did is construct a benchmark that is sort of gQWXncHKbV8-00435-00237712-00238184 an idealized caching setup. This is one where there are no evictions, there are no misses, gQWXncHKbV8-00436-00238280-00238800 almost all requests are reads, almost all requests turn into a single key lookup. gQWXncHKbV8-00437-00238800-00239176 And there's only a single query in these benchmarks, so this is not all of Lobste.rs, gQWXncHKbV8-00438-00239176-00239832 but instead just the stories and vote count query I showed you in the very beginning. And I ran this gQWXncHKbV8-00439-00239832-00240360 against Redis, which is a popular key value story that's often used to back things like caches. gQWXncHKbV8-00440-00240504-00241232 And in this idealized workload, Redis gets to just under a million requests per second. Which gQWXncHKbV8-00441-00241232-00241767 might sound pretty good. However, Redis is single threaded — it can only run on one core — gQWXncHKbV8-00442-00241767-00242232 and so if we really wanted to compare these, we have to assume that someone implemented gQWXncHKbV8-00443-00242232-00242792 like perfect scalability across cores for Redis, and so here's what I'm going to show you is 16 gQWXncHKbV8-00444-00242792-00243240 times that number. This is not… the number on the right here is not a real benchmark number, gQWXncHKbV8-00445-00243240-00243848 it is just 16 times the number on the left. Think of it as a theoretical maximum for what you could gQWXncHKbV8-00446-00243848-00244504 get against Redis here. And then I ran the same benchmark against Noria. Now before I show you gQWXncHKbV8-00447-00244504-00245088 the result, remember that Noria provides SQL, automatic maintenance of this cache, gQWXncHKbV8-00448-00245160-00245560 and it doesn't have these requirements of everything has to be implemented gQWXncHKbV8-00449-00245560-00246144 in the application logic. Instead, Noria does it automatically for you. And Noria here gets pretty gQWXncHKbV8-00450-00246144-00246776 close to this theoretical maximum for Redis. Noria uses as many cores as it needs to satisfy reads. gQWXncHKbV8-00451-00246776-00247256 It handles all the eviction and caching updating for you. And yet it gets within gQWXncHKbV8-00452-00247256-00247664 a factor for two of what you could get with a theoretical Redis deployment on this machine. gQWXncHKbV8-00453-00247848-00248223 Now, I've been talking for a while, and so I'm going to gQWXncHKbV8-00454-00248223-00248744 start to wrap things up now. And I want to start first by talking a little bit about gQWXncHKbV8-00455-00248744-00249319 future work on this. Because Noria is neither perfect nor complete. There gQWXncHKbV8-00456-00249319-00249688 are a number of things that are missing both from Noria without partial state, gQWXncHKbV8-00457-00249688-00250280 and partial state itself. For example, there is no support currently for things like range queries, gQWXncHKbV8-00458-00250280-00250767 cursors, and time-windowed operators that might be useful for applications, and is somewhere where gQWXncHKbV8-00459-00250767-00251312 there's room for innovation both within Noria's dataflow but also within partial state. It'd also gQWXncHKbV8-00460-00251312-00251880 be really nice if there was a way to integrate Noria with an upstream database. So imagine that gQWXncHKbV8-00461-00251880-00252480 the tables in Noria were not stored in Noria itself, but was stored in Postgres or MySQL gQWXncHKbV8-00462-00252480-00253088 or some other source of truth database that the user or application developer is already running. gQWXncHKbV8-00463-00253184-00253767 Similarly, there's an attractive prospect here of… because Noria uses dataflow to manage all of the gQWXncHKbV8-00464-00253767-00254248 updates to materialized views, there's no real reason it has to stop at the materialized views. gQWXncHKbV8-00465-00254248-00254832 Imagine that the user, or the application developer, also has client applications running on gQWXncHKbV8-00466-00254832-00255360 devices that users are holding. Well it might be that those are showing subsets of views that are gQWXncHKbV8-00467-00255360-00255792 on the server. And you could imagine that the deltas are allowed to flow all the way to the gQWXncHKbV8-00468-00255792-00256360 end-user device and update the views there in place. This is sort of reactive programming, gQWXncHKbV8-00469-00256360-00256744 or reactive applications, that are becoming a bit of a trend in web application development. gQWXncHKbV8-00470-00256871-00257304 And finally, fault tolerance is something that Noria has a somewhat weak story for. gQWXncHKbV8-00471-00257360-00257856 But partial state might be able to help here. The idea would be that if a given node goes away, gQWXncHKbV8-00472-00257856-00258336 what we can do is just make the state that that node held as missing, and then have the gQWXncHKbV8-00473-00258336-00258936 partial state and upqueries mechanisms take the role of trying to repopulate that state. gQWXncHKbV8-00474-00259104-00259567 Now, before I end, I want to acknowledge the influence of a couple of people on this work. gQWXncHKbV8-00475-00259688-00260304 And I want to start off with the committee. Robert and Frans have — over the years — just been gQWXncHKbV8-00476-00260304-00261040 continuously asking and trying to make me build a better story for Noria. And for partial. gQWXncHKbV8-00477-00261040-00261464 And I think this is one of the reasons why the work is where it is today. I think initially I had gQWXncHKbV8-00478-00261464-00261912 these sort of hazy ideas for something that might be cool, and I think the two of them have really gQWXncHKbV8-00479-00261912-00262432 helped hone the story, hone the argument, for why this is useful and what the work should focus on. gQWXncHKbV8-00480-00262488-00263120 And this project wouldn't be anything like what it is today without their invaluable input. Malte as gQWXncHKbV8-00481-00263120-00263728 well was a post-doc in my group during many of the years of Noria's development, and without Malte gQWXncHKbV8-00482-00263728-00264168 Noria wouldn't have SQL. It wouldn't have query optimization. It would essentially just be a gQWXncHKbV8-00483-00264168-00264712 dataflow system. And his contributions have been invaluable and without him this work would not be gQWXncHKbV8-00484-00264712-00265240 in its current state. I'm also very glad that I have Sam on my committee so that I can draw gQWXncHKbV8-00485-00265240-00265696 from some of his database experience. Which is something that he has a lot more of us than us gQWXncHKbV8-00486-00265768-00266376 mere systems people. I also want to thank the people of the parallel and distributed operating gQWXncHKbV8-00487-00266376-00267248 systems group at MIT. The people there have just been giving me… they just have this endless gQWXncHKbV8-00488-00267248-00267768 curiosity and insight and support that I think has made me the researcher I am gQWXncHKbV8-00489-00267768-00268296 today. And I don't think I would be here without having them surround me throughout the years. gQWXncHKbV8-00490-00268408-00268776 I also want to thank my family — my parents and step-parents — who gQWXncHKbV8-00491-00268776-00269248 have always been encouraging me to pursue my interests no matter how geeky they might be. gQWXncHKbV8-00492-00269336-00269896 And I think they've sort of been nudging me along all the way until I got where I am today — where gQWXncHKbV8-00493-00269896-00270240 I'm now giving a very geeky presentation — and I think they'd be happy with that. gQWXncHKbV8-00494-00270352-00270936 I also want to thank my girlfriend Talia. I am amazed that she's tolerated me just locking gQWXncHKbV8-00495-00270936-00271576 myself in my room for hours on end working on this work, on the evaluation, on the thesis, gQWXncHKbV8-00496-00271576-00272336 on this presentation. I am so grateful and happy that I have her, and… I love you. gQWXncHKbV8-00497-00272496-00272976 To conclude: my thesis enables materialized views to be used as gQWXncHKbV8-00498-00272976-00273448 caches. It does so by allowing state to be missing from materializations, gQWXncHKbV8-00499-00273448-00274008 and using upqueries to populate missing state on demand. The resulting system provides automated gQWXncHKbV8-00500-00274008-00274504 caching for SQL queries, and reduces the need for complex, ad hoc caching logic. gQWXncHKbV8-00501-00274560-00274984 Thank you all for listening, and please ask any questions you might have. gRIDWkDW1H4-00000-00002544-00004592 Bus stop. Capitol Square Theater gRIDWkDW1H4-00004-00060208-00062928 Bus stop. Martin Place gSs4J3kIJ4E-00000-00000070-00000501 嘿兄弟們近來如何，我是pweDiepie gSs4J3kIJ4E-00001-00000501-00000720 今天我要跟Ainsley一起拍影片 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00002-00000720-00001191 他的名字是 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00003-00001191-00001782 cutiepie gSs4J3kIJ4E-00004-00001782-00001879 不是嗎? gSs4J3kIJ4E-00005-00001879-00002293 你確定嗎? gSs4J3kIJ4E-00006-00002293-00003031 好吧，那我們就歡迎cutiepie gSs4J3kIJ4E-00007-00003031-00005029 嘿cutiepie gSs4J3kIJ4E-00008-00005029-00005380 你說為什麼 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00009-00005491-00006882 哦，是啊，我是啊是啊好吧，我得看看 它 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00011-00007263-00008299 OK ，現在都在列表中，這樣你得這樣說話 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00012-00008528-00008674 是阿 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00013-00008674-00009724 OK挑戰那裡喝 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00014-00009724-00010024 是阿 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00015-00011124-00011457 我認為這會工作 gSs4J3kIJ4E-00016-00011511-00012786 I didn't think you would know yeah you did i ah gSs4J3kIJ4E-00017-00013902-00015309 let it show gSs4J3kIJ4E-00018-00015687-00018000 Oh Carrie oh that's challenge our nose gSs4J3kIJ4E-00019-00019048-00019447 okay okay yeah gSs4J3kIJ4E-00020-00021335-00021635 yeah gSs4J3kIJ4E-00021-00022039-00024085 yeah I think that's time on my god yeah oh oh it's a good thing i'm so sick of gSs4J3kIJ4E-00022-00024085-00024385 yeah dude that's not gSs4J3kIJ4E-00023-00025428-00025854 wow whoa how do you do it gSs4J3kIJ4E-00024-00026031-00026489 I did I did I did it again maybe impossible gSs4J3kIJ4E-00025-00026562-00026931 what's next let's go on if the best evil laugh you could pull off gSs4J3kIJ4E-00026-00027243-00028224 ok now i am not even going to try guess there's no actually be kind of scary gSs4J3kIJ4E-00027-00028224-00029622 3500 next time two drawers gSs4J3kIJ4E-00028-00029751-00030852 I I ok how do you do that gSs4J3kIJ4E-00029-00030918-00031947 Oh talking okay gSs4J3kIJ4E-00030-00031947-00033687 hi.can okay i don't know i don't know what to call this but we did it and it gSs4J3kIJ4E-00031-00033687-00033797 was fun gSs4J3kIJ4E-00032-00033797-00034275 leave a like if you enjoyed checkout Maxia and don't check out my see how gSs4J3kIJ4E-00033-00034275-00035886 they like being jarred and as always deserve it after you get mean person gSs4J3kIJ4E-00034-00035949-00036585 next video ever something stronger we need that crunch come on gSs4J3kIJ4E-00035-00036699-00038072 well as you wish to buy right gTzmnKqiMOy-00000-00000024-00000666 what's up guys I'm going to tell you about the golden rule for lucid dreaming which if you gTzmnKqiMOy-00001-00000666-00001182 really understand it and apply it will explain why you've been having difficulties it will explain gTzmnKqiMOy-00002-00001182-00001491 why you've not been able to control certain aspects of the dream it's going to basically gTzmnKqiMOy-00003-00001491-00002148 answer all of your questions ok this is the one most important thing which you need to focus on gTzmnKqiMOy-00004-00002148-00002895 in order to be able to lucid dream properly to be able to avoid sleep paralysis to avoid false gTzmnKqiMOy-00005-00002895-00003576 awakenings and to avoid nightmares it really is important okay so get right into it ignore the gTzmnKqiMOy-00006-00003576-00004365 fluffy hair a pin running around all day today and let's just get right into it so if you could gTzmnKqiMOy-00007-00004365-00005160 quickly give this video like that sort of makes me bit happier right so the golden rule okay is gTzmnKqiMOy-00008-00005160-00005703 expectation and I know I've said this before and you've probably heard this from other people as gTzmnKqiMOy-00009-00005703-00006156 well right expectation is really important to lucid dreaming what you expect to happen gTzmnKqiMOy-00010-00006156-00006903 either subconsciously or consciously right will happen ninety-nine percent of the time probably gTzmnKqiMOy-00011-00006903-00007578 more right the problem is that most of your expectations are not conscious expectations gTzmnKqiMOy-00012-00007578-00008163 their subconscious you know what I mean by that is you're not aware that you're having them right gTzmnKqiMOy-00013-00008163-00008694 so within every every human being you have your brain and you have what's known as your conscious gTzmnKqiMOy-00014-00008694-00009285 mind which is probably this big relative to your unconscious or subconscious mind which is probably gTzmnKqiMOy-00015-00009285-00010164 that big it's like 10% to 90% 10% conscious 90% unconscious or subconscious and it means you're gTzmnKqiMOy-00016-00010164-00010788 not aware of it right but your subconscious mind and shorts and beliefs affect almost everything gTzmnKqiMOy-00017-00010788-00011511 else they affect everything you do think believe say feel right and they effectively to dreams in gTzmnKqiMOy-00018-00011511-00012111 a huge way right I can't even begin to explain how important your subconscious beliefs are for gTzmnKqiMOy-00019-00012111-00012804 lucid dreaming and for life success attraction whatever okay it's really important stuff now my gTzmnKqiMOy-00020-00012804-00013338 battery's about to die but I think I have enough time to get through this so the golden rule is gTzmnKqiMOy-00021-00013338-00013921 to expect what you want to happen to happen and it sounds simple because it is but most gTzmnKqiMOy-00022-00013921-00014466 of us don't do that when we enter a lucid dream and we see a dragon as first instinctive thought gTzmnKqiMOy-00023-00014466-00015199 is that dragons going to chase me or that there's danger here right this is a scary situation or run gTzmnKqiMOy-00024-00015199-00015862 because that's been drilled into you by watching films by playing games by running from the scary gTzmnKqiMOy-00025-00015862-00016324 neighbor's dog when it chased you as a kid right whatever it is these things have been drilled into gTzmnKqiMOy-00026-00016324-00016966 your subconscious mind so that you have a very hard time changing those beliefs so really all gTzmnKqiMOy-00027-00016966-00017647 you need to do is decide what you want to believe to what you want to know as reality and the way to gTzmnKqiMOy-00028-00017647-00018160 do that through affirmations now what I mean by that is whatever you want say if your belief is gTzmnKqiMOy-00029-00018160-00018673 about flying and every time you are introduced your dream and you try to fly you fall you need gTzmnKqiMOy-00030-00018673-00019213 to change your subconscious belief about flying and about gravity so every day write down I can gTzmnKqiMOy-00031-00019213-00019768 fly in my lucid dreams vividly imagine flying in your dreams and you'll change the belief gTzmnKqiMOy-00032-00019768-00020212 the next time you enter a later day and you'll not have a problem because you won't have the gTzmnKqiMOy-00033-00020212-00020806 subconscious belief that you can't fly or that you will fall right and that's pretty much all gTzmnKqiMOy-00034-00020806-00021331 there is to it that's the golden rule it applies to lucid dreaming to controlling various things gTzmnKqiMOy-00035-00021331-00021853 in the dream it applies to sleep paralysis as well now sleep press is something that scares gTzmnKqiMOy-00036-00021853-00022492 a lot of people okay you're unable to move you're stuck for the bed and sometimes you can experience gTzmnKqiMOy-00037-00022492-00023056 hallucinations demons or evil entities people report seeing all sorts of things like paralysis gTzmnKqiMOy-00038-00023056-00023530 because you're not able to move you're stuck to the bed and therefore your mind because you're gTzmnKqiMOy-00039-00023530-00024028 half-asleep half-awake it populates the room and your your thoughts with all sorts of things gTzmnKqiMOy-00040-00024028-00024907 subconscious fears scary ideas or even just random noises but the point is whatever you expect to be gTzmnKqiMOy-00041-00024907-00025486 there will be there right because lots of people and it's like a it's like a doctrine it's passed gTzmnKqiMOy-00042-00025486-00026077 down from person to person but people say when you experience leap lattices you'll see a large gTzmnKqiMOy-00043-00026077-00026704 shadow man so you go to bed and you expect that you'll see a shadow man when you have sleeper gTzmnKqiMOy-00044-00026704-00027274 so therefore what you see I fed it man you see huge tall figure standing above you but it's gTzmnKqiMOy-00045-00027274-00027795 not really there it's in your mind and the only reason it's in your mind and it's only appearing gTzmnKqiMOy-00046-00027795-00028339 because you expect it to if you expect the just go to sleep and experience a peaceful gTzmnKqiMOy-00047-00028339-00028966 sleep paralysis you will ninety-nine percent of the time that you will and there's no issues at gTzmnKqiMOy-00048-00028966-00029530 all all of the problems in lucid dreaming in sleep paralysis false awakenings that all come gTzmnKqiMOy-00049-00029530-00030136 from the golden rule of lucid dreaming which is expectation so I hope this isn't helpful for you gTzmnKqiMOy-00050-00030136-00030633 guys if you didn't really understand it leave a comment and our trackers are going for more gTzmnKqiMOy-00051-00030633-00031048 detail later so this is the golden rule for lucid dreaming and it should help you with gTzmnKqiMOy-00052-00031048-00031723 all of your problems related to sleep paralysis false awakenings scary things nightmares whatever gTzmnKqiMOy-00053-00031723-00032239 so if you enjoyed this video please give a like if it comes up subscribe I'll see you next time gUFBsUlexqo-00000-00000000-00000324 Welcome to Computer Science 020. gUFBsUlexqo-00001-00000324-00000674 All the material in this course will be available through Canvas. gUFBsUlexqo-00002-00000674-00001148 You can get to Canvas from the evc.edu site gUFBsUlexqo-00003-00001148-00001496 by clicking Canvas in the Quick Links gUFBsUlexqo-00004-00001496-00002082 then clicking the link next to “Go to the Canvas Site at”. gUFBsUlexqo-00005-00002082-00002500 You may want to bookmark the login page to make it easier to access. gUFBsUlexqo-00006-00002500-00002902 Follow the login instructions that you find on that page. gUFBsUlexqo-00007-00003016-00003582 I’ve logged in to Canvas and then selected that course and am viewing it as a student. gUFBsUlexqo-00008-00003582-00004064 Let’s take a look at the detailed course syllabus. gUFBsUlexqo-00009-00004064-00004526 First, the best way to contact me is via email. gUFBsUlexqo-00010-00004526-00004762 I am on campus occasionally, gUFBsUlexqo-00011-00004762-00005128 but will also set up video conferences via Zoom gUFBsUlexqo-00012-00005128-00005328 so that you can contact me online. gUFBsUlexqo-00013-00005328-00005870 You can read the course description and student learning outcomes on your own. gUFBsUlexqo-00014-00005870-00006322 We’re using an all-interactive book: gUFBsUlexqo-00015-00006322-00006584 “How to Think Like a Computer Scientist.“ gUFBsUlexqo-00016-00006584-00006931 One of the nicest features of the book gUFBsUlexqo-00017-00006931-00007181 is that you can run the code samples in the book gUFBsUlexqo-00018-00007181-00007494 and modify them to test out your programming ideas. gUFBsUlexqo-00019-00007494-00007858 So, for example, here’s a small program gUFBsUlexqo-00020-00007858-00007878 I can run it and see the results right away. So, for example, here’s a small program gUFBsUlexqo-00021-00007878-00008228 I can run it and see the results right away. gUFBsUlexqo-00022-00008396-00008860 There are quite a few programming assignments in this course. gUFBsUlexqo-00023-00008860-00009240 Assignments will be graded on functionality: gUFBsUlexqo-00024-00009240-00009560 if a program doesn’t work, nothing else matters. gUFBsUlexqo-00025-00009560-00009842 There are different levels of “not working,“ gUFBsUlexqo-00026-00009842-00010174 ranging from minor errors to catastrophic failure, gUFBsUlexqo-00027-00010174-00010374 and grading will range accordingly. gUFBsUlexqo-00028-00010472-00010824 Organization: does it look as if the program were gUFBsUlexqo-00029-00010824-00011102 planned in advance, or just thrown together? gUFBsUlexqo-00030-00011244-00011640 Readability: that includes proper use of naming gUFBsUlexqo-00031-00011640-00011840 and indentation. For example, gUFBsUlexqo-00032-00011840-00012090 if you have a program that calculates discounts, gUFBsUlexqo-00033-00012090-00012424 using a variable name like “discount_percent“ gUFBsUlexqo-00034-00012424-00012624 is much more understandable gUFBsUlexqo-00035-00012624-00012890 than an abbreviation like “dp.” gUFBsUlexqo-00036-00012991-00013450 And I’ll also grade on appropriate use of programming constructs. gUFBsUlexqo-00037-00013450-00013769 If the assignment is about, say, loops -- gUFBsUlexqo-00038-00013769-00014019 and don’t worry if you don’t know what those are -- gUFBsUlexqo-00039-00014019-00014306 and you do the assignment without using any loops, gUFBsUlexqo-00040-00014306-00014652 then you haven’t used the appropriate constructs for the program. gUFBsUlexqo-00041-00014662-00014954 There are two midterms and one final, gUFBsUlexqo-00042-00014954-00015219 and, here’s the grading scheme gUFBsUlexqo-00043-00015219-00015419 which you can read at your leisure. gUFBsUlexqo-00044-00015522-00015758 This *is* an online class, gUFBsUlexqo-00045-00015758-00015984 so if you decide to drop the class, it’s gUFBsUlexqo-00046-00015984-00016184 your responsibility. gUFBsUlexqo-00047-00016184-00016416 If I’ve noticed that you’ve missed several assignments gUFBsUlexqo-00048-00016416-00016578 or class discussions in a row, gUFBsUlexqo-00049-00016578-00016720 I *might* drop you. gUFBsUlexqo-00050-00016720-00017024 If there’s any emergency; you have to be out of town, gUFBsUlexqo-00051-00017024-00017264 or there’s some extenuating circumstances, gUFBsUlexqo-00052-00017264-00017464 drop me an email; a short one gUFBsUlexqo-00053-00017464-00017770 is fine; just say “Hi, an emergency came up--- gUFBsUlexqo-00054-00017770-00018032 I’ll turn in my assignments when I return.” gUFBsUlexqo-00055-00018032-00018406 The deadline dates for dropping a class gUFBsUlexqo-00056-00018406-00018818 with and without a “W” are in the EVC schedule of classes. gUFBsUlexqo-00057-00018818-00019210 I also have to the census, and that’s a gUFBsUlexqo-00058-00019210-00019410 list of who has or has not shown up gUFBsUlexqo-00059-00019410-00019532 for the cclass. gUFBsUlexqo-00060-00019532-00019762 If you don’t complete the first assignment gUFBsUlexqo-00061-00019762-00020094 or contribute to the first discussion topic by February 9th, gUFBsUlexqo-00062-00020094-00020294 I’ll presume that you’re not going to attend gUFBsUlexqo-00063-00020294-00020494 the class, and I’ll drop you. gUFBsUlexqo-00064-00020494-00020786 What do I do about late assignments? gUFBsUlexqo-00065-00020848-00021062 If an assignment is one week late, gUFBsUlexqo-00066-00021062-00021326 I’ll take off 10% - one letter grade. gUFBsUlexqo-00067-00021326-00021526 If it’s two weeks late, gUFBsUlexqo-00068-00021526-00021726 I’ll take off 20%. gUFBsUlexqo-00069-00021726-00021926 More than two weeks? It’s my gUFBsUlexqo-00070-00021926-00022126 option whether I want to grade it or not. gUFBsUlexqo-00071-00022126-00022380 You can discuss assignments amongst gUFBsUlexqo-00072-00022380-00022638 yourselves, but you each have to do your own work. gUFBsUlexqo-00073-00022638-00022908 Cheating and plagiarism will be met with gUFBsUlexqo-00074-00022908-00023068 an F on an assignment. gUFBsUlexqo-00075-00023068-00023268 The EVC catalog has details gUFBsUlexqo-00076-00023268-00023468 on the college honesty policy. gUFBsUlexqo-00077-00023468-00023792 And, if you have any learning or physical needs gUFBsUlexqo-00078-00023792-00023936 that require accommodations, gUFBsUlexqo-00079-00023936-00024136 make an appointment with the Disabled gUFBsUlexqo-00080-00024136-00024336 Students Program, and please notify gUFBsUlexqo-00081-00024336-00024536 me in writing via email. gUFBsUlexqo-00082-00024704-00024984 I’ll talk about some of these study hints later. gUFBsUlexqo-00083-00024984-00025184 But the most important one, I think, gUFBsUlexqo-00084-00025184-00025384 at this point, is to block oiut time gUFBsUlexqo-00085-00025384-00025584 in your schedule to do the work. gUFBsUlexqo-00086-00025584-00025783 With an all on-line class, it’s easy gUFBsUlexqo-00087-00025783-00025983 to get off track, because day to day gUFBsUlexqo-00088-00025983-00026183 life tends to just happen, gUFBsUlexqo-00089-00026183-00026383 and you put it aside, and gUFBsUlexqo-00090-00026383-00026583 you never *quite* get back on track. gUFBsUlexqo-00091-00026583-00026888 If this is your first online learning gUFBsUlexqo-00092-00026888-00027164 experience, this may be especially difficult for you. gUFBsUlexqo-00093-00027164-00027364 Make sure you stay on track: gUFBsUlexqo-00094-00027364-00027564 check in at least once a day gUFBsUlexqo-00095-00027564-00027936 just to see if there are any updates; just to stay in contact. gUFBsUlexqo-00096-00027936-00028333 I do participate in the Early Alert program; gUFBsUlexqo-00097-00028333-00028533 read about this -- gUFBsUlexqo-00098-00028533-00028733 it’s a fairly important thing, and again, gUFBsUlexqo-00099-00028733-00028933 especially with an all online class. gUFBsUlexqo-00100-00029048-00029274 Finally, the last part of the syllabus is gUFBsUlexqo-00101-00029274-00029474 the course outline, which gUFBsUlexqo-00102-00029474-00029674 gives you, for each week, the topics gUFBsUlexqo-00103-00029674-00029874 we’re going to cover, gUFBsUlexqo-00104-00029874-00030038 the part of the book that gUFBsUlexqo-00105-00030038-00030238 summarizes that material, gUFBsUlexqo-00106-00030238-00030486 and what assignments, if any, are due. gUFBsUlexqo-00107-00030592-00030838 If you get ahead of the schedule and turn things gUFBsUlexqo-00108-00030838-00031038 in early, that’s great, although I can’t gUFBsUlexqo-00109-00031038-00031188 guarantee that I’ll grade them early. gUFBsUlexqo-00110-00031188-00031338 Instead of lectures, gUFBsUlexqo-00111-00031338-00031538 I have material on videos. gUFBsUlexqo-00112-00031538-00031845 Here’s a link to the playlist. gUFBsUlexqo-00113-00031948-00032245 Make sure you go through the introduction videos. gUFBsUlexqo-00114-00032245-00032445 They’ll give you an exercise in problem gUFBsUlexqo-00115-00032445-00032645 solving without needing a computer, gUFBsUlexqo-00116-00032645-00032846 and they’ll help you get your Python gUFBsUlexqo-00117-00032846-00033046 development environment set up. gUFBsUlexqo-00118-00033316-00033666 There’s also a link to LinkedIn Learning, gUFBsUlexqo-00119-00033788-00034044 You’ll have to sign on gUFBsUlexqo-00120-00034044-00034244 with your email gUFBsUlexqo-00121-00034244-00034804 [ typing noises ] gUFBsUlexqo-00122-00034804-00035150 Their entire library of courses is available to you for free. gUFBsUlexqo-00123-00035150-00035350 It’s a great deal. gUFBsUlexqo-00124-00035550-00035910 Finally, you have links to all of the assignments gUFBsUlexqo-00125-00035910-00036110 and the discussions. gUFBsUlexqo-00126-00036110-00036310 The discussion forums have been set gUFBsUlexqo-00127-00036310-00036510 up so that you can’t see or gUFBsUlexqo-00128-00036510-00036710 respond to other students’ posts until gUFBsUlexqo-00129-00036710-00036910 you have posted something yourself. gUFBsUlexqo-00130-00037034-00037436 One of the ways that we can all keep in contact with each other gUFBsUlexqo-00131-00037436-00037702 is a via a Zoom video conference. gUFBsUlexqo-00132-00037702-00037902 I’ll set up at least two Zoom gUFBsUlexqo-00133-00037902-00038102 conferences a week, where you can join gUFBsUlexqo-00134-00038102-00038302 and ask questions or gUFBsUlexqo-00135-00038302-00038502 discuss whatever’s on your mind. gUFBsUlexqo-00136-00038502-00038742 When you use Zoom, please use gUFBsUlexqo-00137-00038742-00038942 the Chrome browser for best results. gUFBsUlexqo-00138-00038942-00039358 Now, perhaps the most important part of the orientation: gUFBsUlexqo-00139-00039358-00039558 how to succeed in the course. gUFBsUlexqo-00140-00039604-00039866 Read the book and watch the videos -- gUFBsUlexqo-00141-00039866-00040066 if you try to do the assignments without gUFBsUlexqo-00142-00040066-00040266 reading the material or viewing the videos first, gUFBsUlexqo-00143-00040266-00040584 you’re setting yourself up for a very difficut time. gUFBsUlexqo-00144-00040720-00040918 As you go through the book, gUFBsUlexqo-00145-00040918-00041118 type the code examples yourself. gUFBsUlexqo-00146-00041118-00041318 If all you do is look at the code, gUFBsUlexqo-00147-00041318-00041552 nod your head, and say, “Yeah, I got this,“ gUFBsUlexqo-00148-00041552-00041830 then, in all probability, noooo... gUFBsUlexqo-00149-00041830-00041974 you don’t “got this.” gUFBsUlexqo-00150-00041974-00042174 Instead, as you type each line, gUFBsUlexqo-00151-00042174-00042374 ask yourself what that line of code gUFBsUlexqo-00152-00042374-00042574 does and why it’s in the program. gUFBsUlexqo-00153-00042574-00042774 This helps you make a connection gUFBsUlexqo-00154-00042774-00042974 between the code and its purpose. gUFBsUlexqo-00155-00043120-00043440 If you’re adventuresome, try modifying the programs. gUFBsUlexqo-00156-00043440-00043748 Make them do something different, or something extra. gUFBsUlexqo-00157-00043908-00044118 Finally, and most important, gUFBsUlexqo-00158-00044118-00044352 plan your programs before you write them. gUFBsUlexqo-00159-00044352-00044672 You can either write a flowchart gUFBsUlexqo-00160-00044672-00045012 or you can write *pseudo-code*, gUFBsUlexqo-00161-00045012-00045270 which is part English, part Python gUFBsUlexqo-00162-00045270-00045630 to give an outline or a plan to what you intend to do. gUFBsUlexqo-00163-00045630-00046092 But no matter which method you use, PLAN. gUFBsUlexqo-00164-00046152-00046428 Programs written at the keyboard look like it. gUFBsUlexqo-00165-00046428-00046628 And that is not a compliment. gUFBsUlexqo-00166-00046846-00047088 A few minutes spent pllanning gUFBsUlexqo-00167-00047088-00047288 can save you hours of frustration when gUFBsUlexqo-00168-00047288-00047446 writing your programs. gUFBsUlexqo-00169-00047446-00047720 If you *do* get frustrated or stuck, gUFBsUlexqo-00170-00047720-00047920 ask for assistance. gUFBsUlexqo-00171-00047920-00048120 Send me an email, or ask gUFBsUlexqo-00172-00048120-00048320 for some suggestions and hints gUFBsUlexqo-00173-00048320-00048520 in the discussion forums. gUFBsUlexqo-00174-00048520-00049092 That’s our orientation, so -- let’s get started. gWcPUcwlBky-00000-00001100-00001800 Bhojpuri melody queen Akshara Singh's new song 'Devghar Jaib Balam Ji ' out gWcPUcwlBky-00001-00001900-00003200 Bhojpuri melody queen Akshara Singh's new song 'Devghar Jaib Balam Ji ' out A brand new song titled 'DevgharJaibBalam Ji' has now been unveiled on YouTube. gWcPUcwlBky-00002-00003300-00004000 Bhojpuri actress Akshara Singh is known for her singing prowess. gWcPUcwlBky-00003-00004100-00005400 The beautiful actress has an ocean of fan-following who simply love her melodious voice and shower her with immense appreciation each time a new song is released. gWcPUcwlBky-00004-00005500-00006700 Akshara is one of the most sought-after actresses of Bhojpuri film industry and her songs and pictures have often taken the internet by the storm. gWcPUcwlBky-00005-00006800-00009000 A brand new song titled 'Devghar Jaib Balam Ji' has now been unveiled on YouTube and it has garnered over 100k views already! Check out the song here: A few days ago, the actress revealed on Instagram that she has received a call for Bigg Boss 12. gWcPUcwlBky-00006-00009100-00009800 The new Question/Answer feature of the app is the latest trend. gWcPUcwlBky-00007-00009900-00010800 From common people to celebrities, everyone's making use of the feature to answer questions that interest them. gWcPUcwlBky-00008-00010900-00012200 Akshara too answered a lot of questions through the app but one answer grabbed attention A fan asked the beautiful actress if she would like to participate in Bigg Boss 12. gWcPUcwlBky-00009-00012300-00013000 The actress's reply took us by surprise. gWcPUcwlBky-00010-00013100-00014300 She wrote, “Got a call, but (sic) let's see” Akshara, who hails from Mumbai began her acting career by working TV serials. gWcPUcwlBky-00011-00014400-00015100 She is one of the most successful actresses in the Bhojpuri film industry now. gWcPUcwlBky-00012-00015200-00015900 Comments - Join the Discussion . gXAjNCFum9Q-00000-00000090-00000273 Welcome to DeFine, the podcast making gXAjNCFum9Q-00001-00000273-00000724 the most important projects in crypto easy to understand and accessible to all. gXAjNCFum9Q-00002-00000735-00000996 This week we speak to Mounir, from ParaSwap, gXAjNCFum9Q-00003-00001016-00001394 the DeFi aggregator that unites liquidity of decentralized exchanges gXAjNCFum9Q-00004-00001394-00001552 and enables users to make swaps. gXAjNCFum9Q-00005-00001628-00001904 Mounir, if you could tell us a little bit about yourself, who you are, gXAjNCFum9Q-00006-00001905-00002201 what you do at ParaSwap and how you got into crypto. gXAjNCFum9Q-00007-00002219-00002360 Thanks guys for having me. gXAjNCFum9Q-00008-00002360-00002555 I'm Mounir, Founder of ParaSwap. gXAjNCFum9Q-00009-00002564-00002712 I have a technical background. gXAjNCFum9Q-00010-00002714-00003080 I've been an engineer most of the time of my career. gXAjNCFum9Q-00011-00003100-00003622 I got into crypto before the ICO craze. gXAjNCFum9Q-00012-00003675-00004226 I was mostly interested in tech, but since 2017, I got all in. gXAjNCFum9Q-00013-00004227-00004585 I became obsessed to a level that I left my job gXAjNCFum9Q-00014-00004605-00004784 just to build something in crypto. gXAjNCFum9Q-00015-00004784-00005004 I didn't even know what I wanted to do. gXAjNCFum9Q-00016-00005008-00005214 I just wanted to know that I want to build gXAjNCFum9Q-00017-00005215-00005492 a career and build something amazing in crypto. gXAjNCFum9Q-00018-00005574-00005865 Which led me to building ParaSwap and the rest is history. gXAjNCFum9Q-00019-00005883-00005988 Yeah, amazing. gXAjNCFum9Q-00020-00005991-00006216 That sounds like quite a nice journey. gXAjNCFum9Q-00021-00006216-00006482 The fact that you were just drawn by crypto generally. gXAjNCFum9Q-00022-00006482-00006764 What was it specifically which made you think, okay, this is it, gXAjNCFum9Q-00023-00006767-00006982 I need that life change? gXAjNCFum9Q-00024-00006998-00007251 Well, many things that happened at the same time. gXAjNCFum9Q-00025-00007270-00007559 I like the ethos of crypto in general, gXAjNCFum9Q-00026-00007563-00007955 in a philosophical point of view, in an ethical point of view. gXAjNCFum9Q-00027-00007975-00008205 That's what attracted me more. gXAjNCFum9Q-00028-00008215-00008432 Where I think that crypto is the future gXAjNCFum9Q-00029-00008435-00008904 and is the right thing for humanity to adopt instead of fiat currencies. gXAjNCFum9Q-00030-00008924-00009220 Also for having more freedom, for having more fairness gXAjNCFum9Q-00031-00009292-00009640 in this world in general, but also crypto was very exciting. gXAjNCFum9Q-00032-00009640-00009796 Like a lot of things were happening. gXAjNCFum9Q-00033-00009799-00009916 A lot of innovation. gXAjNCFum9Q-00034-00009919-00010136 People were in it for the right cause, gXAjNCFum9Q-00035-00010139-00010287 not just for making money. gXAjNCFum9Q-00036-00010287-00010554 At least people that I was surrounded with. gXAjNCFum9Q-00037-00010651-00010902 That was the biggest motivation, gXAjNCFum9Q-00038-00010902-00011321 is like we want to do something that's going to have a very big impact gXAjNCFum9Q-00039-00011324-00011576 not only on the short term, or in the midterm, gXAjNCFum9Q-00040-00011579-00011845 but in the long term, we see crypto gXAjNCFum9Q-00041-00011845-00012195 is the future in the next decades to come. gXAjNCFum9Q-00042-00012203-00012348 Yeah, absolutely. gXAjNCFum9Q-00043-00012351-00012781 I think many of our listeners can totally agree with that alignment gXAjNCFum9Q-00044-00012781-00013015 and empathise with your same journey. gXAjNCFum9Q-00045-00013016-00013276 Probably a lot of them are going through the same experience. gXAjNCFum9Q-00046-00013276-00013505 Some might be a bit newer to the crypto space, gXAjNCFum9Q-00047-00013505-00013745 so might not know so much about ParaSwap. gXAjNCFum9Q-00048-00013763-00014136 If you were to describe it as if, let's say you're at a dinner party gXAjNCFum9Q-00049-00014136-00014392 with someone who doesn't know anything about crypto, gXAjNCFum9Q-00050-00014392-00014556 how would you describe ParaSwap? gXAjNCFum9Q-00051-00014559-00014760 Yeah, well, the simplest way is to refer gXAjNCFum9Q-00052-00014760-00015178 to airline ticket aggregators like Expedia, Booking and others, gXAjNCFum9Q-00053-00015201-00015429 where if you want to book an airline tickets, gXAjNCFum9Q-00054-00015429-00015671 you don't check every single airline company gXAjNCFum9Q-00055-00015671-00015788 and compare it yourself. gXAjNCFum9Q-00056-00015788-00016105 You would use like Skyscanner or a Booking.com or KAYAK, gXAjNCFum9Q-00057-00016115-00016242 to give you the best deal. gXAjNCFum9Q-00058-00016243-00016684 It can be just the cheapest price or it can be also a better deal. gXAjNCFum9Q-00059-00016687-00017060 Like you get Paris, New York through London and you get to get a train. gXAjNCFum9Q-00060-00017063-00017464 Maybe you would get a free hotel during that night. gXAjNCFum9Q-00061-00017467-00017780 That's what ParaSwap do for crypto exchanges. gXAjNCFum9Q-00062-00017783-00018047 For instance, you're buying ETH with USDT gXAjNCFum9Q-00063-00018047-00018492 instead of going to Uniswap or Balancer, you may get a combination of two gXAjNCFum9Q-00064-00018495-00018832 and that combination gives you a price that's better than the market, gXAjNCFum9Q-00065-00018832-00019114 so that the value proposition is you can get a deal gXAjNCFum9Q-00066-00019114-00019262 that you won't find elsewhere. gXAjNCFum9Q-00067-00019269-00019372 Yeah, amazing. gXAjNCFum9Q-00068-00019372-00019552 I really like that example. gXAjNCFum9Q-00069-00019553-00019864 In terms of just breaking that down a little bit. gXAjNCFum9Q-00070-00019871-00020060 How does the splitting work? gXAjNCFum9Q-00071-00020063-00020238 How does the aggregation work? gXAjNCFum9Q-00072-00020269-00020441 Yeah, so is fully decentralized, gXAjNCFum9Q-00073-00020465-00020780 which means that users are in control of their funds. gXAjNCFum9Q-00074-00020807-00021274 It's very important for decentralized the DEX aggregation where we address gXAjNCFum9Q-00075-00021274-00021428 only decentralized exchanges. gXAjNCFum9Q-00076-00021428-00021596 That's the main difference between gXAjNCFum9Q-00077-00021596-00021754 a Binance and a Uniswap, gXAjNCFum9Q-00078-00021755-00022024 where Binance you have to trust them in your funds. gXAjNCFum9Q-00079-00022027-00022188 It's like a bank literally. gXAjNCFum9Q-00080-00022191-00022524 Once you put your funds on Binance, it's no longer yours. gXAjNCFum9Q-00081-00022527-00022860 It belongs to Binance and you have a claim on those funds. gXAjNCFum9Q-00082-00022863-00023112 But if you use a decentralized exchange gXAjNCFum9Q-00083-00023112-00023351 or an aggregator of decentralized exchanges, gXAjNCFum9Q-00084-00023371-00023472 those are your funds gXAjNCFum9Q-00085-00023472-00023960 and those services are just software that provides a service to you. gXAjNCFum9Q-00086-00023998-00024102 That's the way it works. gXAjNCFum9Q-00087-00024103-00024410 We are connected to decentralized exchanges. gXAjNCFum9Q-00088-00024425-00024808 We have like a picture of their states or like their liquidity. gXAjNCFum9Q-00089-00024811-00025268 We know exactly what are the liquidity, what are the prices and so on, gXAjNCFum9Q-00090-00025271-00025532 that help us run some complex algorithms gXAjNCFum9Q-00091-00025532-00025898 in order to find what we call the optimum routes. gXAjNCFum9Q-00092-00025898-00026250 Which is, sell ETH to DAI, then sell to USDT, gXAjNCFum9Q-00093-00026250-00026508 then do XYZ in order to deliver a price gXAjNCFum9Q-00094-00026508-00026660 that is better than the market gXAjNCFum9Q-00095-00026660-00026839 or we call it, like beats the market price. gXAjNCFum9Q-00096-00026839-00026992 Well, there's a lot going on there. gXAjNCFum9Q-00097-00026993-00027332 I think as like a novel user, especially with the UX, gXAjNCFum9Q-00098-00027332-00027600 you wouldn't really know that there's so much going on in the background. gXAjNCFum9Q-00099-00027602-00027788 So that's great to see. gXAjNCFum9Q-00100-00027791-00028068 If you don't mind, I'd like to dig back a little bit gXAjNCFum9Q-00101-00028068-00028277 also to the beginning of ParaSwap. gXAjNCFum9Q-00102-00028445-00028844 How did you come up with this idea to aggregate the bunch of DEXs? gXAjNCFum9Q-00103-00028847-00029132 What was the impetus to go down that path? gXAjNCFum9Q-00104-00029133-00029420 Yeah, well, I was a user of decentralized exchanges gXAjNCFum9Q-00105-00029420-00029597 and at that time there was, yeah, gXAjNCFum9Q-00106-00029598-00029901 I can say only one used to be called EtherDelta. gXAjNCFum9Q-00107-00029910-00030325 Many people always using EtherDelta because it was a free markets. gXAjNCFum9Q-00108-00030339-00030816 You can find any token literally without expecting a big exchange to list it. gXAjNCFum9Q-00109-00030819-00031276 So when people do ICOs in general, you will find liquidity on EtherDelta. gXAjNCFum9Q-00110-00031276-00031424 But since they were the only ones gXAjNCFum9Q-00111-00031427-00031897 in the markets, their user experience wasn't great, it was way too slow. gXAjNCFum9Q-00112-00031897-00032122 So there was a clear traction, gXAjNCFum9Q-00113-00032123-00032462 but they were under delivering to their users. gXAjNCFum9Q-00114-00032548-00032721 I thought that was a great opportunity. gXAjNCFum9Q-00115-00032722-00033025 That's to build something that's better than EtherDelta. gXAjNCFum9Q-00116-00033039-00033278 But also, well, to me, gXAjNCFum9Q-00117-00033298-00033976 DEXs are aligned with crypto ethos, because what's the point of using crypto gXAjNCFum9Q-00118-00033976-00034272 if you were to trust the bank that's called Coinbase or Binance gXAjNCFum9Q-00119-00034273-00034426 or anything else, not really crypto? gXAjNCFum9Q-00120-00034427-00034632 It's a hack because the infrastructure gXAjNCFum9Q-00121-00034635-00034942 wasn't mature enough to use decentralized exchanges. gXAjNCFum9Q-00122-00034944-00035084 But that was changing at that time. gXAjNCFum9Q-00123-00035086-00035224 That was late 2018. gXAjNCFum9Q-00124-00035224-00035388 So in my opinion, that's a great time. gXAjNCFum9Q-00125-00035391-00035555 We have a clear market, gXAjNCFum9Q-00126-00035559-00035796 we have users, they are under served, gXAjNCFum9Q-00127-00035798-00035984 so let's build something better than EtherDelta. gXAjNCFum9Q-00128-00035986-00036291 I started wanted to build a better version of EtherDelta. gXAjNCFum9Q-00129-00036330-00036628 But at that time there were other DEXs gXAjNCFum9Q-00130-00036630-00036775 that started emerging. gXAjNCFum9Q-00131-00036775-00037082 Bancor, Kyber Uniswap was barely lunched. gXAjNCFum9Q-00132-00037083-00037264 It was really really small. gXAjNCFum9Q-00133-00037308-00037529 I thought, okay, each one of these guys gXAjNCFum9Q-00134-00037529-00037768 they have maximum one million in liquidity. gXAjNCFum9Q-00135-00037775-00038194 So why don't we combine all of them and deliver five million liquidity, gXAjNCFum9Q-00136-00038214-00038596 because the combination of all of them will create a great offer. gXAjNCFum9Q-00137-00038596-00038876 This is where I started thinking about building an aggregator. gXAjNCFum9Q-00138-00038879-00039132 But I said, hey, why don't we build something gXAjNCFum9Q-00139-00039133-00039354 that's going to disrupt those big players. gXAjNCFum9Q-00140-00039441-00039644 Something that is accessible to everyone. gXAjNCFum9Q-00141-00039647-00040074 Even if you don't know how crypto works, you just had to push a button gXAjNCFum9Q-00142-00040074-00040300 and make your exchange without having to think twice. gXAjNCFum9Q-00143-00040300-00040501 Which was a very naive approach, gXAjNCFum9Q-00144-00040501-00040755 because really people had to install a MetaMask, gXAjNCFum9Q-00145-00040756-00040884 understand what's a private key. gXAjNCFum9Q-00146-00040886-00041055 There was a lot of onboarding. gXAjNCFum9Q-00147-00041093-00041478 No matter how you simplify it, yeah, people still need some education gXAjNCFum9Q-00148-00041488-00041588 and it wasn't there. gXAjNCFum9Q-00149-00041588-00041880 So launched that in early summer 2019, gXAjNCFum9Q-00150-00041886-00042292 got a lot of excitement, but almost no usage, which led me to pivot gXAjNCFum9Q-00151-00042295-00042597 and build a product for the DeFi community gXAjNCFum9Q-00152-00042597-00042894 which was small, yes, but very engaged. gXAjNCFum9Q-00153-00042931-00043297 This led to building the ParaSwap as we know it today. gXAjNCFum9Q-00154-00043315-00043370 Okay. gXAjNCFum9Q-00155-00043378-00043686 I think one of the key things that ties into is what you said before gXAjNCFum9Q-00156-00043706-00043812 about crypto as an industry, gXAjNCFum9Q-00157-00043814-00044092 anyone can take what someone has built already gXAjNCFum9Q-00158-00044094-00044262 and create a Lego on top of it. gXAjNCFum9Q-00159-00044291-00044526 Which I feel like you did with ParaSwap. gXAjNCFum9Q-00160-00044527-00044820 You innovated to provide greater liquidity to users, gXAjNCFum9Q-00161-00044840-00045256 quicker execution, better execution, and in some ways you achieved it. gXAjNCFum9Q-00162-00045259-00045632 So what did your competitors do in that landscape? gXAjNCFum9Q-00163-00045632-00046084 How did they react to the development of ParaSwap as a layer on top of them? gXAjNCFum9Q-00164-00046088-00046240 Was there something they were happy with? gXAjNCFum9Q-00165-00046248-00046555 Well, the underlying DEXs are more of partners, gXAjNCFum9Q-00166-00046595-00046756 they're not competitors at all. gXAjNCFum9Q-00167-00046759-00047136 They still have UIs, but it's more about building infrastructure. gXAjNCFum9Q-00168-00047139-00047512 Even for us in ParaSwap, we are building a protocol gXAjNCFum9Q-00169-00047513-00047918 and our UI is a way for distribution this tech to others. gXAjNCFum9Q-00170-00047919-00048248 But we hope that this UI at some points gXAjNCFum9Q-00171-00048251-00048660 will no longer be taking a significant share of the volume. gXAjNCFum9Q-00172-00048663-00048847 It's already a minority. gXAjNCFum9Q-00173-00048847-00049184 Like more than 60% of our volumes are coming from the outside, gXAjNCFum9Q-00174-00049186-00049408 but the hope is to be only infrastructure gXAjNCFum9Q-00175-00049410-00049777 and letting others like MetaMask, Glitter, others, gXAjNCFum9Q-00176-00049777-00049958 be the user facing dApps. gXAjNCFum9Q-00177-00050018-00050274 There are other aggregators who are also competitors gXAjNCFum9Q-00178-00050275-00050528 and I think that's great because when we started, gXAjNCFum9Q-00179-00050528-00050774 there were already three actors. gXAjNCFum9Q-00180-00050775-00050976 Two of them are no longer in the space gXAjNCFum9Q-00181-00050979-00051412 and they were not delivering also as good as they should be. gXAjNCFum9Q-00182-00051460-00051820 The experience was also very slow, prices were not very good. gXAjNCFum9Q-00183-00051823-00052191 That was also an opportunity to do better than what happened. gXAjNCFum9Q-00184-00052194-00052548 Which pushed also these guys to improve their products. gXAjNCFum9Q-00185-00052548-00052777 That's also the benefits of competition is, gXAjNCFum9Q-00186-00052779-00052908 one new actor came in gXAjNCFum9Q-00187-00052908-00053151 and they tried to address a specific angle, gXAjNCFum9Q-00188-00053179-00053587 they do a much better product, which leads others to improve gXAjNCFum9Q-00189-00053596-00053733 and it's a virtuous cycle. gXAjNCFum9Q-00190-00053733-00053840 Like everyone is improving. gXAjNCFum9Q-00191-00053842-00054121 If you look at aggregators three years ago, gXAjNCFum9Q-00192-00054122-00054432 it's nothing compared to what we have today gXAjNCFum9Q-00193-00054432-00054697 in terms of sophistication and performance. gXAjNCFum9Q-00194-00054737-00054953 Which was great having competitors. gXAjNCFum9Q-00195-00054953-00055263 Even for us we are and we are still all the time gXAjNCFum9Q-00196-00055263-00055526 being challenged on trying to innovate gXAjNCFum9Q-00197-00055527-00055895 and improve on every single part of the product. gXAjNCFum9Q-00198-00055895-00056147 Absolutely, yeah. I totally get what you're saying. gXAjNCFum9Q-00199-00056147-00056528 This continuous innovation cycle, challenging one another to do better, gXAjNCFum9Q-00200-00056535-00056886 new products, at the end of the day, better service for all users. gXAjNCFum9Q-00201-00056887-00056945 Exactly. gXAjNCFum9Q-00202-00056955-00057176 You mentioned a few of the things gXAjNCFum9Q-00203-00057179-00057470 that you focused on to get to be where you are today. gXAjNCFum9Q-00204-00057490-00057632 You mentioned UI/UX, gXAjNCFum9Q-00205-00057635-00057940 the education of users, integration with partners, gXAjNCFum9Q-00206-00057942-00058240 obviously the innovation as well to have this original idea. gXAjNCFum9Q-00207-00058240-00058550 Could you tell us a bit more about the current development gXAjNCFum9Q-00208-00058632-00058776 philosophy of ParaSwap? gXAjNCFum9Q-00209-00058777-00059141 Where are you heading in the next two weeks, three weeks, one month? gXAjNCFum9Q-00210-00059157-00059365 Yeah, so short term is all about improving gXAjNCFum9Q-00211-00059365-00059784 the existing products and expansion through, for instance, new blockchains. gXAjNCFum9Q-00212-00059787-00060012 We cover six EVM chains gXAjNCFum9Q-00213-00060015-00060301 and we still have requests for other chains. gXAjNCFum9Q-00214-00060301-00060591 Like we just launched Arbitrum and everyone was like, how about Optimism. gXAjNCFum9Q-00215-00060635-00060931 Here at EthCC, I met Martin from Gnosis chain saying like, gXAjNCFum9Q-00216-00060931-00061252 "Hey, when are you launching Gnosis chain?" and so on. gXAjNCFum9Q-00217-00061254-00061464 So we want to be in the top 20 chains. gXAjNCFum9Q-00218-00061464-00061628 That's what everyone is asking us for. gXAjNCFum9Q-00219-00061630-00062037 We also recently launched a peer-to-peer NFT trading protocol. gXAjNCFum9Q-00220-00062053-00062360 Actually, we did more than that. gXAjNCFum9Q-00221-00062363-00062532 We just haven't announced it yet. gXAjNCFum9Q-00222-00062535-00062855 It's a new protocol for doing limit orders gXAjNCFum9Q-00223-00062855-00063342 and peer-to-peer trading for NFTs and tokens or tokens and NFTs. gXAjNCFum9Q-00224-00063342-00063698 So you can basically quickly buy an NFT with any token gXAjNCFum9Q-00225-00063700-00063872 and sell the NFT to any token. gXAjNCFum9Q-00226-00063875-00064220 You can do OTC trading with NFTs and tokens. gXAjNCFum9Q-00227-00064223-00064361 You can swap NFTs. gXAjNCFum9Q-00228-00064366-00064731 You can also combine NFT and a token to buy another NFT. gXAjNCFum9Q-00229-00064736-00064779 Wow! gXAjNCFum9Q-00230-00064780-00065198 So various use cases mostly addressed to third parties like, gXAjNCFum9Q-00231-00065199-00065736 say, a marketplace that can use this protocol to improve their product. gXAjNCFum9Q-00232-00065739-00066192 For instance, say you're on OpenSea and a Bored Ape listed in ETH, gXAjNCFum9Q-00233-00066192-00066630 while users can pay in DAI and the seller will still receive ETH gXAjNCFum9Q-00234-00066630-00066951 and the buyer will pay in whatever currency they have. gXAjNCFum9Q-00235-00066951-00067165 ParaSwap as a protocol facilitates gXAjNCFum9Q-00236-00067241-00067590 this whole transaction and make sure it is well executed. gXAjNCFum9Q-00237-00067590-00068035 Well executed here, it means that nobody is overpaying the counterparty. gXAjNCFum9Q-00238-00068055-00068338 If you think about it on the traditional finance, gXAjNCFum9Q-00239-00068340-00068607 when you pay with credit card, your card is in dollars gXAjNCFum9Q-00240-00068607-00068937 and you pay someone else in Euro, like here in Paris right now, gXAjNCFum9Q-00241-00068952-00069403 there are what you call middlewares that allow this conversion on the fly, gXAjNCFum9Q-00242-00069404-00069700 so that everyone will make the exchange at an optimal rate. gXAjNCFum9Q-00243-00069703-00069846 So that's what we're doing gXAjNCFum9Q-00244-00069846-00070110 and that's, yeah, the recent expansion to NFTs. gXAjNCFum9Q-00245-00070115-00070260 Yeah, that's exciting. gXAjNCFum9Q-00246-00070263-00070642 It's whole new world we had I think a little bit of alpha there gXAjNCFum9Q-00247-00070643-00070864 that is getting to. gXAjNCFum9Q-00248-00070887-00071098 Yeah, that sounds tremendously exciting. gXAjNCFum9Q-00249-00071107-00071484 So you guys also have your token, the PSP. gXAjNCFum9Q-00250-00071484-00071768 Could you tell us a bit about how you're thinking about that? gXAjNCFum9Q-00251-00071768-00071884 What's the current structure? gXAjNCFum9Q-00252-00071887-00072172 What's its use in the ParaSwap ecosystem at the moment, gXAjNCFum9Q-00253-00072175-00072498 and maybe how that ties into what you have planned for the future? gXAjNCFum9Q-00254-00072503-00072596 Yeah, absolutely. gXAjNCFum9Q-00255-00072597-00072942 So the long-term goal of PSP is to fully decentralize ParaSwap. gXAjNCFum9Q-00256-00072943-00073168 Right now it's highly decentralized. gXAjNCFum9Q-00257-00073168-00073697 So no custody of funds, users are just getting access gXAjNCFum9Q-00258-00073697-00074032 to a software that gives them all of the services we talked about. gXAjNCFum9Q-00259-00074032-00074298 But we still run some of those parts of ParaSwap, gXAjNCFum9Q-00260-00074298-00074657 like those aggregation algorithms, the backend system and so on. gXAjNCFum9Q-00261-00074671-00075204 Which creates a central point of failure for users that we don't want to. gXAjNCFum9Q-00262-00075207-00075528 We are committed to building a fully decentralized platform. gXAjNCFum9Q-00263-00075608-00075858 Empowering that with a token makes a lot of sense. gXAjNCFum9Q-00264-00075875-00076131 In any decentralized network, not having the token gXAjNCFum9Q-00265-00076131-00076254 is very hard to sustain. gXAjNCFum9Q-00266-00076255-00076710 That's how as a community we arrive as a technique or a strategy, gXAjNCFum9Q-00267-00076710-00077228 is to build native incentives in order to have a decentralized network. gXAjNCFum9Q-00268-00077240-00077476 We're not there yet. We're are working on that. gXAjNCFum9Q-00269-00077479-00077940 But meanwhile, we are using the token to make ParaSwap more efficient. gXAjNCFum9Q-00270-00077940-00078135 So we're leveraging the incentive system gXAjNCFum9Q-00271-00078135-00078622 in order to deliver better prices and higher performance service. gXAjNCFum9Q-00272-00078635-00078964 By that I mean we have a protocol called gXAjNCFum9Q-00273-00078967-00079324 ParaSwap Pool, which is a network of market makers. gXAjNCFum9Q-00274-00079340-00079648 You can see them as a DEX and they settle our smart contract. gXAjNCFum9Q-00275-00079648-00079824 So there is in the eyes of the end user, gXAjNCFum9Q-00276-00079824-00080137 there is no difference between a market maker or a Uniswap pool. gXAjNCFum9Q-00277-00080137-00080414 But in reality, they offer a superior service gXAjNCFum9Q-00278-00080417-00080518 compared to DEXs. gXAjNCFum9Q-00279-00080518-00080841 Like no slippage, no front running, no MEV, and all of that stuff. gXAjNCFum9Q-00280-00080841-00081181 Now they are rewarded for lowering their prices. gXAjNCFum9Q-00281-00081268-00081428 The more volume they generates, gXAjNCFum9Q-00282-00081455-00081831 they are refunded in tokens, like rewarded in tokens. gXAjNCFum9Q-00283-00081902-00082267 It's based also on a staking system where stakers can vote gXAjNCFum9Q-00284-00082267-00082456 between coach on market makers. gXAjNCFum9Q-00285-00082458-00082691 And if they choose the right market maker, gXAjNCFum9Q-00286-00082691-00083040 they are also going to split those rewards with those market makers. gXAjNCFum9Q-00287-00083060-00083329 Right, I see the way the community gXAjNCFum9Q-00288-00083330-00083592 can get involved within the incentive mechanism. gXAjNCFum9Q-00289-00083592-00083660 Exactly. gXAjNCFum9Q-00290-00083663-00084302 It's a mix between what you can see in DPoS models where you have validators gXAjNCFum9Q-00291-00084302-00084607 and you have stakers who stake on validators. gXAjNCFum9Q-00292-00084607-00084957 And if they stake right validators, they're going to maximize their rewards. gXAjNCFum9Q-00293-00084958-00085248 Also with what you call maker rebates model, gXAjNCFum9Q-00294-00085248-00085517 that you see in exchanges where market makers, gXAjNCFum9Q-00295-00085518-00085821 they get a rebate on fees and they may get also what you call gXAjNCFum9Q-00296-00085821-00086292 negative rebates, like what you can see in FTX, where they're not paying any fee, gXAjNCFum9Q-00297-00086295-00086624 but they are getting paid in tokens if they over perform. gXAjNCFum9Q-00298-00086627-00086817 We started only with the first one. gXAjNCFum9Q-00299-00086817-00087131 We choose to not add any fees on ParaSwap Pool, gXAjNCFum9Q-00300-00087132-00087578 but we choose to add incentives in order to bring in more volume gXAjNCFum9Q-00301-00087578-00087910 and become much more efficient and competitive gXAjNCFum9Q-00302-00087921-00088216 compared to other places like decentralized exchanges. gXAjNCFum9Q-00303-00088219-00088668 That's the early use case for PSP that was in November. gXAjNCFum9Q-00304-00088671-00088861 But then also we expanded. gXAjNCFum9Q-00305-00088861-00089152 Like we have an insurance product called the Safety Module, gXAjNCFum9Q-00306-00089153-00089427 similar to what you see in Aave and dYdX, gXAjNCFum9Q-00307-00089429-00089708 which means that token holders act as insurers. gXAjNCFum9Q-00308-00089717-00090034 So they would stake on a pool and that pool will be used gXAjNCFum9Q-00309-00090034-00090220 in case there is a hack, for instance. gXAjNCFum9Q-00310-00090220-00090740 And if there is a hack, the victims will be refunded with that pool. gXAjNCFum9Q-00311-00090750-00090797 Yeah. gXAjNCFum9Q-00312-00090797-00090926 So that's great. gXAjNCFum9Q-00313-00090927-00091304 It's a great use case because if you think about the DAOs, gXAjNCFum9Q-00314-00091307-00091731 they are here to make the protocol more solid and more resilient. gXAjNCFum9Q-00315-00091747-00092060 Here the DAO holders are getting gXAjNCFum9Q-00316-00092063-00092545 rewarded for taking a risk, but also it's a commitment gXAjNCFum9Q-00317-00092548-00092838 that shows that the protocol is quite secure. gXAjNCFum9Q-00318-00092851-00093331 If you were to put, I don't know, 30K or 100K on a protocol gXAjNCFum9Q-00319-00093331-00093647 and you are willing to lose it, it's likely that you don't think gXAjNCFum9Q-00320-00093647-00093814 you're going to lose it because you are betting gXAjNCFum9Q-00321-00093814-00093918 that this protocol is quite secure. gXAjNCFum9Q-00322-00093919-00094086 That one is the second use case. gXAjNCFum9Q-00323-00094089-00094536 The last one we launched a few months ago is Gas Refund. gXAjNCFum9Q-00324-00094536-00094878 It's a bit similar to what you see in some centralized exchanges gXAjNCFum9Q-00325-00094878-00095250 like Binance, where stakers, they get a rebates on fees. gXAjNCFum9Q-00326-00095251-00095520 In here it's not our fees, those are gas fees. gXAjNCFum9Q-00327-00095523-00095715 So if you take the highest amount, gXAjNCFum9Q-00328-00095715-00096048 you will get up to 100% refund on gas fees. gXAjNCFum9Q-00329-00096075-00096312 Which also creates a high commitment gXAjNCFum9Q-00330-00096312-00096690 from some users who would stake and expect to be refunded. gXAjNCFum9Q-00331-00096691-00096884 So they are making like free transactions. gXAjNCFum9Q-00332-00096955-00097017 Absolutely. gXAjNCFum9Q-00333-00097017-00097260 So they get access to this whole ecosystem gXAjNCFum9Q-00334-00097263-00097596 whilst being able to participate in it and/or incentivize for it. gXAjNCFum9Q-00335-00097599-00097840 -Exactly. -Yeah, it's a really clever design. gXAjNCFum9Q-00336-00097843-00098276 I think a lot of us are happy to be on this journey with you. gXAjNCFum9Q-00337-00098279-00098608 I think our DeFine listeners would also be really curious gXAjNCFum9Q-00338-00098608-00099049 about what you're thinking in terms of six months, one year. gXAjNCFum9Q-00339-00099050-00099174 What are the main challenges, gXAjNCFum9Q-00340-00099175-00099534 not only unique to ParaSwap, but the DeFi space as a whole, gXAjNCFum9Q-00341-00099554-00099834 that we need to be looking out for, solving for, gXAjNCFum9Q-00342-00099868-00100075 maybe thinks there's already solutions to? gXAjNCFum9Q-00343-00100123-00100588 Yeah, I feel like the DeFi ecosystem is maturing a lot at a very high speed. gXAjNCFum9Q-00344-00100591-00100905 So we went from throwing money left and right gXAjNCFum9Q-00345-00100905-00101207 with very generous liquidity mining programs gXAjNCFum9Q-00346-00101248-00101514 to maybe thinking more about sustainability. gXAjNCFum9Q-00347-00101535-00101972 We can see that's happening more and more, either on accruing value gXAjNCFum9Q-00348-00101972-00102232 to the protocol in one way or the other, gXAjNCFum9Q-00349-00102232-00102415 or owning its own liquidity. gXAjNCFum9Q-00350-00102419-00102745 That wasn't a case at all a year ago. gXAjNCFum9Q-00351-00102762-00102961 It was all about let's launch a protocol gXAjNCFum9Q-00352-00102961-00103481 and let's put, I don't know, 20% of the supply as a incentive. gXAjNCFum9Q-00353-00103499-00103900 Which unfortunately didn't work as much as we wished it would. gXAjNCFum9Q-00354-00103903-00104183 So I think that should be the next steps gXAjNCFum9Q-00355-00104205-00104615 for DeFi in general to find sustainability. gXAjNCFum9Q-00356-00104643-00105144 It doesn't matter if it will mean distributing value to token holders, gXAjNCFum9Q-00357-00105147-00105440 but if the product on itself is highly sustainable, gXAjNCFum9Q-00358-00105440-00105742 I think this creates a whole new possibilities gXAjNCFum9Q-00359-00105760-00106097 and built also a solid foundation for those protocols, gXAjNCFum9Q-00360-00106097-00106490 so that they can compete with Web 2.0 organizations gXAjNCFum9Q-00361-00106530-00106681 in the next few years. gXAjNCFum9Q-00362-00106697-00106844 It doesn't have to happen now. gXAjNCFum9Q-00363-00106844-00106988 Ultimately why we're here, right? gXAjNCFum9Q-00364-00106991-00107134 Exactly. Yeah. gXAjNCFum9Q-00365-00107157-00107265 That's quite powerful. gXAjNCFum9Q-00366-00107267-00107715 So let's dive into one of them, I think, that we've mentioned before, gXAjNCFum9Q-00367-00107734-00108335 which is about this constant innovation and being able to see what's coming next. gXAjNCFum9Q-00368-00108377-00108788 In the same way as back in 2018, 2017, gXAjNCFum9Q-00369-00108791-00109242 when you saw the DEXs have split liquidity and you wanted to unite them, gXAjNCFum9Q-00370-00109310-00109678 what is the opportunity today that ParaSwap is looking at, gXAjNCFum9Q-00371-00109678-00109822 and developing for? gXAjNCFum9Q-00372-00109904-00110334 Yeah, so now we're looking into cross-chain, for instance, gXAjNCFum9Q-00373-00110334-00110746 that's highly demanded and especially that people are already gXAjNCFum9Q-00374-00110747-00111181 using multiple chains and moving from one chain to the other manually. gXAjNCFum9Q-00375-00111191-00111531 So I would use ParaSwap to sell my ETH to DAI gXAjNCFum9Q-00376-00111539-00111880 and then I would move my DAI to the Polygon and I will do XYZ. gXAjNCFum9Q-00377-00111880-00111924 Yes. gXAjNCFum9Q-00378-00111924-00112159 So how about optimizing all of that? gXAjNCFum9Q-00379-00112164-00112252 It's happening. gXAjNCFum9Q-00380-00112252-00112577 We can see this on chain, or at least making the swap gXAjNCFum9Q-00381-00112577-00112815 and having the counterparty on the other chain, gXAjNCFum9Q-00382-00112815-00113324 or maybe even having arbitrary operations that are encoded within the same action. gXAjNCFum9Q-00383-00113327-00113551 For instance, I will sell my ETH to DAI gXAjNCFum9Q-00384-00113559-00113835 and I will deposit some of the DAI on Polygon gXAjNCFum9Q-00385-00113835-00114354 and maybe I will spit parts of it into ETH and DAI and deploy liquidity gXAjNCFum9Q-00386-00114354-00114648 on a Uni V3 on Polygon. gXAjNCFum9Q-00387-00114658-00114844 Those cases that we're looking at. gXAjNCFum9Q-00388-00114844-00115084 I don't know if we need to do the whole thing, gXAjNCFum9Q-00389-00115084-00115494 or just build the basic foundation which is what we're trying to do. gXAjNCFum9Q-00390-00115495-00115915 Like build the native and very efficient primitive, gXAjNCFum9Q-00391-00115931-00116324 so that's other protocols can also build on top on their specific use cases. gXAjNCFum9Q-00392-00116324-00116476 For instance, you guys at Stake DAO gXAjNCFum9Q-00393-00116479-00116811 you build very interesting product for optimizing yields. gXAjNCFum9Q-00394-00116812-00117355 You have Aave that is using ParaSwap in order to also optimize the APY, gXAjNCFum9Q-00395-00117355-00117640 or also repay what was borrowed with a collateral, gXAjNCFum9Q-00396-00117640-00117809 what you call a repay with collateral. gXAjNCFum9Q-00397-00117817-00118016 So ParaSwap is an aggregator. gXAjNCFum9Q-00398-00118019-00118359 It allows people to go from point A to B, gXAjNCFum9Q-00399-00118363-00118756 like token A to token B, no matter what's the nature of that token gXAjNCFum9Q-00400-00118758-00118992 and no matter what the intention of the user. gXAjNCFum9Q-00401-00118995-00119408 It's a theme layer that anyone can use and now the idea that is to cover gXAjNCFum9Q-00402-00119409-00119712 some of the cases that everyone is doing manually gXAjNCFum9Q-00403-00119713-00119867 and try to bring automation. gXAjNCFum9Q-00404-00119919-00120132 Yeah, that's a really compelling use case. gXAjNCFum9Q-00405-00120134-00120520 So at the moment we have, you know, a few bridging protocols that exists, gXAjNCFum9Q-00406-00120523-00120852 but absolutely, it's a very manual process to still go through it. gXAjNCFum9Q-00407-00120864-00120904 Yeah. gXAjNCFum9Q-00408-00120940-00121472 Do you see any evolution in the rounds of voting and the bribes being able gXAjNCFum9Q-00409-00121472-00121835 to quickly exit out of, or enter into position gXAjNCFum9Q-00410-00121836-00121980 with governance power? gXAjNCFum9Q-00411-00121986-00122304 Is that another use case ParaSwap could be used for? gXAjNCFum9Q-00412-00122304-00122334 Yeah. gXAjNCFum9Q-00413-00122334-00122756 So with arbitrary calls, basically you can do the main action, gXAjNCFum9Q-00414-00122758-00123304 which is swap and bridge and then do whatever you want. gXAjNCFum9Q-00415-00123358-00123602 This call data can be controlled gXAjNCFum9Q-00416-00123603-00124092 by the protocol that integrates our API and it's very specific. gXAjNCFum9Q-00417-00124092-00124180 It's a case by case. gXAjNCFum9Q-00418-00124183-00124445 For instance, you would say swap ETH to DAI, gXAjNCFum9Q-00419-00124445-00124754 then deposits DAI or like whatever token, gXAjNCFum9Q-00420-00124754-00125182 say SDT and then put the SDT on a locker, then do XYZ. gXAjNCFum9Q-00421-00125183-00125308 So we have done that gXAjNCFum9Q-00422-00125310-00125609 and we have done it also on the new limit orders protocol. gXAjNCFum9Q-00423-00125730-00125978 The reason why we did it in the new limit orders, gXAjNCFum9Q-00424-00125979-00126298 so that you can have some extra security checks. gXAjNCFum9Q-00425-00126303-00126641 For instance, you say I'm selling that token for that token, gXAjNCFum9Q-00426-00126658-00127068 but I want to make sure that whoever is making this operation, gXAjNCFum9Q-00427-00127131-00127518 I'm going to check the price on chaining to make sure that we never sold gXAjNCFum9Q-00428-00127518-00127798 below the market price, even though I'm selling say gXAjNCFum9Q-00429-00127798-00127982 ETH for 1500 DAI today, gXAjNCFum9Q-00430-00127991-00128186 but maybe ETH will be worth 10,000 DAIs. gXAjNCFum9Q-00431-00128186-00128459 So I don't want to be 30% far away from the markets. gXAjNCFum9Q-00432-00128483-00128738 That thing you can do right now, gXAjNCFum9Q-00433-00128738-00129127 but you can have cases like this where you say, I'm issuing a limit order. gXAjNCFum9Q-00434-00129127-00129354 I want to sell ETH to DAI or ETH to SDT, gXAjNCFum9Q-00435-00129355-00129692 once the SDT is acquired, I'm going to put it on a locker gXAjNCFum9Q-00436-00129692-00129858 and do blah, blah, blah, blah. gXAjNCFum9Q-00437-00129912-00130287 That's what this arbitrary call data is meant to do. gXAjNCFum9Q-00438-00130308-00130452 That's tremendously exciting. gXAjNCFum9Q-00439-00130455-00131011 I think there's a lot of alpha which can be extracted from this podcast. gXAjNCFum9Q-00440-00131012-00131276 I think also the future services gXAjNCFum9Q-00441-00131276-00131553 and the services today that ParaSwap already offers. gXAjNCFum9Q-00442-00131563-00131868 Yeah, we're also seeing a bit of a trend nowadays. gXAjNCFum9Q-00443-00131871-00132060 People are producing stablecoins. gXAjNCFum9Q-00444-00132060-00132304 So Aave recently launched GHO gXAjNCFum9Q-00445-00132304-00132852 you have talks of other major protocols also diving into these type of use cases. gXAjNCFum9Q-00446-00132902-00133156 I was wondering how you're seeing that at ParaSwap? gXAjNCFum9Q-00447-00133159-00133384 How are you enabling your partnerships gXAjNCFum9Q-00448-00133421-00133725 or how are you seeing products built on top of those services? gXAjNCFum9Q-00449-00133772-00133925 Yeah, I think it's a very nice trend. gXAjNCFum9Q-00450-00133925-00134264 I think we barely touch the surface on the innovation on stablecoins. gXAjNCFum9Q-00451-00134264-00134828 We had also some bad experiments that we all know about. gXAjNCFum9Q-00452-00134828-00135008 So we love to see those innovations. gXAjNCFum9Q-00453-00135011-00135325 We love to see how liquidity is going to build on top gXAjNCFum9Q-00454-00135325-00135532 so that we can enable new use cases. gXAjNCFum9Q-00455-00135562-00136051 For instance, I have a story recently where the moment I saw that the parity gXAjNCFum9Q-00456-00136051-00136290 between euro and dollar was inverted, gXAjNCFum9Q-00457-00136290-00136539 so I went immediately to an OTC trader gXAjNCFum9Q-00458-00136540-00136800 and asked for exchanging some of the dollars to euro, gXAjNCFum9Q-00459-00136803-00137144 like buying the dip between codes and the deal wasn't great. gXAjNCFum9Q-00460-00137144-00137244 So I was very surprised. gXAjNCFum9Q-00461-00137247-00137720 I was like, hey, how come one euro is not equal that in USD? gXAjNCFum9Q-00462-00137720-00137944 They were like, well, we have a liquidity problem. gXAjNCFum9Q-00463-00138084-00138262 For that amount you're trying to sell. gXAjNCFum9Q-00464-00138325-00138681 We cannot match disparity for your dollars. gXAjNCFum9Q-00465-00138695-00138868 So I think and I looked into curve gXAjNCFum9Q-00466-00138871-00139276 the EuroT with USDT, we weren't there for like large amounts. gXAjNCFum9Q-00467-00139276-00139470 So I think that would be the challenge, gXAjNCFum9Q-00468-00139470-00139715 is having DeFi protocols with stablecoins gXAjNCFum9Q-00469-00139727-00139887 building a decent liquidity, gXAjNCFum9Q-00470-00139893-00140127 so that even Wall Street can trade on DeFi. gXAjNCFum9Q-00471-00140137-00140512 Which is still the case if you trade like USDT, USDC. gXAjNCFum9Q-00472-00140515-00141044 But I think the hope is that we can pair more stablecoins that are not necessarily gXAjNCFum9Q-00473-00141047-00141684 only USDT, euro, Yen or anything else, so that we will no longer need to go gXAjNCFum9Q-00474-00141684-00142136 through those OTC traders or like traditional exchanges, gXAjNCFum9Q-00475-00142143-00142372 we may just go to DeFi and get the job done. gXAjNCFum9Q-00476-00142379-00142496 Yeah, absolutely. gXAjNCFum9Q-00477-00142499-00142984 Enabling almost the forex type of play to come to crypto native stablecoins. gXAjNCFum9Q-00478-00142984-00143184 Yeah, well, there are like trillions of dollars gXAjNCFum9Q-00479-00143184-00143331 being traded every single day on forex, gXAjNCFum9Q-00480-00143332-00143472 so I think there is a huge opportunity gXAjNCFum9Q-00481-00143475-00143985 for DeFi to build something scalable in the stablecoin industry. gXAjNCFum9Q-00482-00143993-00144081 Absolutely. gXAjNCFum9Q-00483-00144084-00144375 Just quickly touching back, what do you think it would do gXAjNCFum9Q-00484-00144375-00144732 to the DeFi landscape to have all of these new stablecoins? gXAjNCFum9Q-00485-00144803-00145199 Well, yeah, I hardly see way too many stablecoins gXAjNCFum9Q-00486-00145200-00145515 because that creates also a lot of fragmentation in the space. gXAjNCFum9Q-00487-00145538-00146011 So I can imagine in future we may have four or five big stablecoins. gXAjNCFum9Q-00488-00146027-00146394 I hope that there will be not a USD stablecoins. gXAjNCFum9Q-00489-00146395-00146823 But I think, I don't see everyone building its own stablecoin gXAjNCFum9Q-00490-00146823-00147148 or every single protocol building its own stablecoin. gXAjNCFum9Q-00491-00147151-00147467 I see the top ones, or maybe very specialized guys, gXAjNCFum9Q-00492-00147468-00147823 or maybe baskets of stablecoins or derivatives of stablecoins, gXAjNCFum9Q-00493-00147823-00148066 that is I think how the future would look like. gXAjNCFum9Q-00494-00148067-00148288 Okay. Yeah, that's very insightful. gXAjNCFum9Q-00495-00148354-00148716 As somewhat of a OG in the space, we have to ask, gXAjNCFum9Q-00496-00148719-00149300 where are you seeing the next three, four or five years the major trends, gXAjNCFum9Q-00497-00149303-00149464 how's DeFi going to change? gXAjNCFum9Q-00498-00149467-00149671 Yeah, well, that's a billion dollar question. gXAjNCFum9Q-00499-00149862-00150188 It's hard to know because those things are moving super fast. gXAjNCFum9Q-00500-00150191-00150380 Like nobody saw DeFi coming. gXAjNCFum9Q-00501-00150383-00150754 Remember, in 2019 we were talking about DeFi, it was a niche gXAjNCFum9Q-00502-00150754-00151165 and the crypto in community in general wasn't paying that much attention. gXAjNCFum9Q-00503-00151180-00151340 It happened to me with NFTs. gXAjNCFum9Q-00504-00151340-00151686 I didn't see NFTs come in the way they were. gXAjNCFum9Q-00505-00151687-00151992 So it's very hard to know what's going to happen even a year. gXAjNCFum9Q-00506-00151992-00152438 Next year maybe we'll be talking about something we have never imagined. gXAjNCFum9Q-00507-00152439-00152686 But I think DeFi is here to stay for sure. gXAjNCFum9Q-00508-00152689-00153064 It creates products delivering value are being used. gXAjNCFum9Q-00509-00153067-00153460 And even now with the bear market we see the orders of magnitudes gXAjNCFum9Q-00510-00153463-00153818 of the volumes and TVL are still huge. gXAjNCFum9Q-00511-00153865-00153952 Absolutely. gXAjNCFum9Q-00512-00153994-00154471 We are like 100x or 300x up from the last bear markets. gXAjNCFum9Q-00513-00154483-00154728 So I think DeFi is not going to change. gXAjNCFum9Q-00514-00154728-00154982 We are still going to have conversations about DeFi. gXAjNCFum9Q-00515-00154982-00155436 Maybe another form of NFT that's maybe adding more value. gXAjNCFum9Q-00516-00155439-00155748 We needed that bubble to like build narratives around NFTs. gXAjNCFum9Q-00517-00155751-00156016 So I think DeFi and NFTs are here to stay. gXAjNCFum9Q-00518-00156016-00156128 But more than that, I don't know. gXAjNCFum9Q-00519-00156131-00156352 I think also one very important part gXAjNCFum9Q-00520-00156355-00156764 that's very few I would say people in the community are paying attention to, gXAjNCFum9Q-00521-00156784-00157184 is decentralization of the rest of the stack that is not smart contracts. gXAjNCFum9Q-00522-00157187-00157632 We are still running UIs using traditional DNS and AWS. gXAjNCFum9Q-00523-00157632-00157927 We still running backends that are also running on AWS gXAjNCFum9Q-00524-00157932-00158111 and those are central points of failure. gXAjNCFum9Q-00525-00158119-00158242 They're not critical. gXAjNCFum9Q-00526-00158281-00158525 They're not holding user funds and so on, gXAjNCFum9Q-00527-00158543-00158716 but they are not unstoppable. gXAjNCFum9Q-00528-00158716-00158834 That's the only problem. gXAjNCFum9Q-00529-00158834-00159188 Like tomorrow if you're in China and the Chinese government gXAjNCFum9Q-00530-00159208-00159645 doesn't like your DeFi protocol, they can shut down your UI very easily, gXAjNCFum9Q-00531-00159645-00159828 like a in a matter of hours. gXAjNCFum9Q-00532-00159879-00160255 That I think is not sustainable and I think this would change. gXAjNCFum9Q-00533-00160271-00160464 We need to build new standards. gXAjNCFum9Q-00534-00160508-00160728 The good news is that it's already happening gXAjNCFum9Q-00535-00160728-00161337 with like Filecoin, we always had IPFS and I think Filecoin gXAjNCFum9Q-00536-00161337-00161742 are bringing some solutions in product built on top of Filecoin, gXAjNCFum9Q-00537-00161762-00161887 ENS, obviously. gXAjNCFum9Q-00538-00161899-00162317 So I hope that will be the future where we will decentralize gXAjNCFum9Q-00539-00162317-00162712 this infrastructure that we're not paying that much attention to. gXAjNCFum9Q-00540-00162715-00163059 Yeah, whether I believe that will have any value, gXAjNCFum9Q-00541-00163079-00163388 like in a financial sense, I don't know. gXAjNCFum9Q-00542-00163388-00163472 But it doesn't matter. gXAjNCFum9Q-00543-00163472-00163807 What matters is that we need to decentralize those backend services, gXAjNCFum9Q-00544-00163807-00164101 that are some central point of failures. gXAjNCFum9Q-00545-00164111-00164348 Absolutely. Some critical points there. gXAjNCFum9Q-00546-00164422-00164620 Just a quick question about what we gXAjNCFum9Q-00547-00164623-00164916 should be looking forward to in the most immediate future. gXAjNCFum9Q-00548-00164919-00165292 Some particular dates that we should watch out for, new feature releases. gXAjNCFum9Q-00549-00165312-00165528 Yeah, well, we're constantly doing gXAjNCFum9Q-00550-00165531-00165805 announcements, especially for launching new chains. gXAjNCFum9Q-00551-00165805-00166196 We announce the limit orders very soon with the new API gXAjNCFum9Q-00552-00166196-00166367 that allows that to happen. gXAjNCFum9Q-00553-00166378-00166658 Were present in many conferences, EthCC, gXAjNCFum9Q-00554-00166681-00166976 since the beginning and meeting folks in the industry. gXAjNCFum9Q-00555-00166979-00167230 It's always fun to be in these conferences. gXAjNCFum9Q-00556-00167235-00167352 Yeah, absolutely. gXAjNCFum9Q-00557-00167352-00167478 But thank you so much, Mounir. gXAjNCFum9Q-00558-00167478-00167614 It was a pleasure to have you. gXAjNCFum9Q-00559-00167615-00167892 And we'll hopefully have you back again very soon. gXAjNCFum9Q-00560-00167892-00168012 Yeah. Thanks for having me. gXAjNCFum9Q-00561-00168015-00168214 Was fun being with you guys. gaj1-XpmDR0-00000-00000000-00000200 assalaamu aleykum gcAMK5r7t30-00000-00000000-00000907 You should understand about farming with common sense! Repeat after me. Raise your hand. Soil management, base fertilizer, additional fertilizer and pesticide. gcAMK5r7t30-00001-00000907-00001447 You have to keep your farming skills simple and keep them in mind. gcAMK5r7t30-00002-00001447-00001815 If it's complicated, you can't return to farming or learning it. gcAMK5r7t30-00003-00001815-00002386 Farming should be understandable in the language of common sense. gcAMK5r7t30-00004-00002386-00002919 It's a real skill when even a child can understand it easily. gcAMK5r7t30-00005-00002919-00003065 There's nothing more. gcAMK5r7t30-00006-00003065-00003310 Let talk about soil management. gcAMK5r7t30-00007-00003310-00004246 Forget Ph level and just focus on how to spread the roots of the crop. gcAMK5r7t30-00008-00004246-00004457 Forget everything else. You don't need anything else. gdZi-gP2sy8-00000-00000030-00000852 chapter 5 background music the average mind is incapable of engaging effectively in two gdZi-gP2sy8-00001-00000852-00001440 thought processes simultaneously but it can in the course of daily routine accept a multitude of gdZi-gP2sy8-00002-00001440-00002214 mental stimuli at any one moment if one of these stimuli is sound it may be the natural complement gdZi-gP2sy8-00003-00002214-00002922 to the visual experience without which a feeling of incompleteness may result The Observer at the gdZi-gP2sy8-00004-00002922-00003504 seaside is intrigued by the cyclic rolling of the waves and the periodic crashing of the breakers gdZi-gP2sy8-00005-00003504-00004152 is an integral part of the pleasure of watching waves yet that same series of sounds might be gdZi-gP2sy8-00006-00004152-00004716 very disturbing to the same person who is trying to work out his income tax return in the quiet gdZi-gP2sy8-00007-00004716-00005358 of his study the importance of complementary sound becomes more apparent when one studies gdZi-gP2sy8-00008-00005358-00006144 the reaction of an audience attending the movies during periods of faulty mechanical silence sound gdZi-gP2sy8-00009-00006144-00006750 as a background to mental or physiologic processes may be natural or undesirable gdZi-gP2sy8-00010-00006750-00007481 but can be very important if carefully selected there are few situations in which music cannot gdZi-gP2sy8-00011-00007481-00008172 be used advantageously as a background to improve the quality or pleasure of activities and living gdZi-gP2sy8-00012-00008250-00008718 at this point it must be repeated that the importance of Music in the lives of gdZi-gP2sy8-00013-00008718-00009414 people is not uniform and that for those few who dislike music background music is not recommended gdZi-gP2sy8-00014-00009534-00010218 background music as its name implies is always secondary to some other activity only those phases gdZi-gP2sy8-00015-00010218-00010758 of the subject which touch upon Hospital life will be discussed here and they are in order of gdZi-gP2sy8-00016-00010758-00011472 importance the music which accompanies meals painful procedures calisthenics and work in gdZi-gP2sy8-00017-00011472-00011976 as much as the latter two are not encountered in all hospitals they will be given only brief gdZi-gP2sy8-00018-00011976-00012570 consideration the subject of Meal Time music is of sufficient importance to be treated at length and gdZi-gP2sy8-00019-00012570-00013284 will be discussed in the following chapter counter irritation is a very old method of treating pain gdZi-gP2sy8-00020-00013284-00013938 for painful conditions where specific relief can be given in no other manner Physicians did and gdZi-gP2sy8-00021-00013938-00014556 still do try to distract the Mind from the sight and severity of the Pain by transferring attention gdZi-gP2sy8-00022-00014556-00015191 to another area this can be accomplished by irritating the skin over the affected area in the gdZi-gP2sy8-00023-00015191-00015834 hope that the resultant inflammation will be more superficial and visible and in that way neutralize gdZi-gP2sy8-00024-00015834-00016524 the pain in a less physical sense people take their mind off unpleasant subjects by exposure gdZi-gP2sy8-00025-00016524-00017436 to humor or other forms of entertainment avicenna the great Baghdad physician 980 to 1037 A.D gdZi-gP2sy8-00026-00017436-00018396 included in his canons of medicine the following suggestions quote 1084 other means of allying Pain gdZi-gP2sy8-00027-00018396-00019272 Three agreeable music especially if it inclines one to sleep four being occupied with something gdZi-gP2sy8-00028-00019272-00020028 very engrossing removes the severity of pain end quote music has been used against pain for gdZi-gP2sy8-00029-00020028-00020670 centuries not only by musicians and Physicians but by the people we find this practice referred to in gdZi-gP2sy8-00030-00020670-00021384 a letter from Mariah Causeway to Thomas Jefferson concerning his recently sprained wrist quote I gdZi-gP2sy8-00031-00021384-00022038 wish you were well enough to come to us tomorrow I would divert your pain with good music end quote gdZi-gP2sy8-00032-00022134-00022962 in 1915 two surgeons named Burdick and Kane used music as a diversion during local anesthesia they gdZi-gP2sy8-00033-00022962-00023520 ascertained the musical preference of the patient prior to operation and played recorded music gdZi-gP2sy8-00034-00023520-00024168 in muffled tones during the operation later they played music in an adjacent room while gdZi-gP2sy8-00035-00024168-00024780 general anesthesia was being induced and found that it was accomplished with less resistance gdZi-gP2sy8-00036-00024852-00025512 since that time other surgeons have used music for similar purposes there are some operations which gdZi-gP2sy8-00037-00025512-00026189 are done under local anesthesia and are prolonged the absence of sounds other than awe-inspiring gdZi-gP2sy8-00038-00026189-00026700 Whispers or the presence of technical talk may cause the patient unnecessary alarm gdZi-gP2sy8-00039-00026808-00027395 the use of well-selected music or a good radio program may be of great benefit in the gdZi-gP2sy8-00040-00027395-00027972 operating room its value will depend upon the operating surgeon and how well he can operate gdZi-gP2sy8-00041-00027972-00028524 while music is being played there are times during an operation when delicate Maneuvers gdZi-gP2sy8-00042-00028524-00029220 become trying and the wrong music or increased volume might lead to exasperation one advocate gdZi-gP2sy8-00043-00029220-00029945 of Music in the operating room has called it a psychic anesthetic the use of local anesthetics gdZi-gP2sy8-00044-00029945-00030582 and Dentistry has made possible the painless extraction of teeth most dentists however do not gdZi-gP2sy8-00045-00030582-00031236 inject local anesthetics before drilling cavities for many people drilling is a frightful experience gdZi-gP2sy8-00046-00031236-00031806 some dentists have advocated the playing of Music at a loud level during this procedure gdZi-gP2sy8-00047-00031806-00032430 still another has incorporated earphones into the headrest of the dental chair for diversional sound gdZi-gP2sy8-00048-00032489-00033114 a more obvious use of diversional sound in the professional office is in the reception or waiting gdZi-gP2sy8-00049-00033114-00033732 room to supplement the magazines and diminish the terror of waiting music may also be used gdZi-gP2sy8-00050-00033732-00034458 during such time-consuming treatment as physical therapy deep x-ray therapy and fever therapy gdZi-gP2sy8-00051-00034572-00035280 physical exercise some forms of physical exercise are carried out most successfully when accompanied gdZi-gP2sy8-00052-00035280-00036048 by music Plato recommended such a practice in his Republic in the ancient trirems or boats gdZi-gP2sy8-00053-00036048-00036660 with three Banks of oars there was always a Thai Beacon or flute player not only to keep uniform gdZi-gP2sy8-00054-00036660-00037308 Rhythm among the workmen but to soothe and cheer them from this custom quintillion took occasion gdZi-gP2sy8-00055-00037308-00038076 to say that music enables us more patiently to support Toil and labor during the Six-Day bicycle gdZi-gP2sy8-00056-00038076-00038832 race at the Madison Square Garden in 1911 46 mile races were separately timed on three evenings half gdZi-gP2sy8-00057-00038832-00039726 were written to music the average time with music was 19.6 miles per hour and without it only 17.9 gdZi-gP2sy8-00058-00039864-00040512 tarchenov found that quote if the fingers are completely fatigued either by voluntary effort gdZi-gP2sy8-00059-00040512-00041268 or by electric excitation music has the power of making fatigue disappear end quote such an gdZi-gP2sy8-00060-00041268-00041778 observation leaves little doubt that physical Endeavor is more productive when done to music gdZi-gP2sy8-00061-00041898-00042390 calisthenics this is not the place to discuss the value of calisthenics or gdZi-gP2sy8-00062-00042390-00042936 its use in hospitals exercise has come to be considered the important physical conditioner gdZi-gP2sy8-00063-00042936-00043554 and calisthenics is the universally practiced exercise its proper performance will depend gdZi-gP2sy8-00064-00043554-00044172 upon the ability of the leader the willingness of the participants and the Ingenuity expended gdZi-gP2sy8-00065-00044172-00044718 to make it interesting the willingness of the group can be enhanced by large numbers gdZi-gP2sy8-00066-00044718-00045252 of performers but under any circumstances since it is unproductive and involves work gdZi-gP2sy8-00067-00045252-00045840 any adjunct which will increase interest is welcome the exponents of both the Swedish gdZi-gP2sy8-00068-00045840-00046446 and the German systems of calisthenics claim equally good results but the former do not use gdZi-gP2sy8-00069-00046446-00047058 any musical accompaniment whereas some schools in Germany particularly the one at helerau make gdZi-gP2sy8-00070-00047058-00047694 extensive use of it in fact Dell crows and his followers have built an entire philosophy of gdZi-gP2sy8-00071-00047694-00048324 Aesthetics called Eurythmics based upon the relationship between body motion and music gdZi-gP2sy8-00072-00048396-00049056 unproductive exercise can undoubtedly be made more interesting by musical accompaniment music can gdZi-gP2sy8-00073-00049056-00049686 regulate the orderliness of action by relating the sense of hearing to the sense of muscular movement gdZi-gP2sy8-00074-00049806-00050382 Johnson believed that the strength of muscle contraction increases with the intensity and gdZi-gP2sy8-00075-00050382-00051054 pitch of accompanying music and that the point of fatigue is postponed when calisthenics is given gdZi-gP2sy8-00076-00051054-00051744 to music but that unsteadiness might result from variation in the musical score anything gdZi-gP2sy8-00077-00051744-00052374 that will divert the attention from the proper execution of the exercise is a hindrance and gdZi-gP2sy8-00078-00052374-00053052 music should not be used until the exercise has become thoroughly mastered once the exercise has gdZi-gP2sy8-00079-00053052-00053682 become second nature music becomes very useful because it acts as a stimulus and adds interest gdZi-gP2sy8-00080-00053772-00054432 it is difficult to move rhythmically out of time with the music most popular recorded music is in gdZi-gP2sy8-00081-00054432-00054936 a Tempo too rapid to be satisfactory for calisthenics for this reason live music gdZi-gP2sy8-00082-00054936-00055602 is far more satisfactory as an accompaniment and a single instrument preferably the piano is most gdZi-gP2sy8-00083-00055602-00056286 suited to it The Pianist can take the cue from the exercise leader for Tempo the piano should gdZi-gP2sy8-00084-00056286-00056934 be played in a steady unvarying rhythmic style well-known tunes and folk songs should be used gdZi-gP2sy8-00085-00056934-00057714 the piano must be played loud and with strongly accentuated Rhythm Holbert relied largely on gdZi-gP2sy8-00086-00057714-00058446 waltz's marches and folk songs played slowly the songs he used to Advantage include believe me if gdZi-gP2sy8-00087-00058446-00059370 all those endearing young charms Bonnie Dundee and oh no John in this country such songs as gdZi-gP2sy8-00088-00059370-00059982 the skaters Waltz and there's a long long trail of winding are popular for this use gdZi-gP2sy8-00089-00060041-00060714 ideally live music should be used to accompany exercise so that the tempo can be readily adjusted gdZi-gP2sy8-00090-00060714-00061290 to the speed of the participants if commercial recordings must be used they should be carefully gdZi-gP2sy8-00091-00061290-00061872 selected to rule out those containing vocal or other interludes which break up the continuity gdZi-gP2sy8-00092-00061872-00062496 of the rhythmic pattern and the operator should silence the machine between successive exercises gdZi-gP2sy8-00093-00062610-00063198 the use of music during exercises will depend upon the value attached to it by the instructor gdZi-gP2sy8-00094-00063258-00063810 some may find the time and trouble required unwarranted Others May find in it a way to gdZi-gP2sy8-00095-00063810-00064404 get better cooperation or increased pleasure there is one use of Music in connection with gdZi-gP2sy8-00096-00064404-00065040 group exercise which is strongly recommended preceding the actual period of exercise the gdZi-gP2sy8-00097-00065040-00065646 playing of a stirring March while the participants marched to their places of assembly acts as a gdZi-gP2sy8-00098-00065646-00066366 stimulant and conditioner for the activity to follow remedial exercise and dancing gdZi-gP2sy8-00099-00066438-00067038 when one or more groups of muscles have become weakened as a result of misuse or disease it is gdZi-gP2sy8-00100-00067038-00067722 proper to engage them in strengthening gymnastics called remedial exercises although these can gdZi-gP2sy8-00101-00067722-00068382 frequently be given to groups the groups are ordinarily small the nature of these exercises and gdZi-gP2sy8-00102-00068382-00069024 their Administration may lead to boredom rapidly soft music can be used as an antidote to their gdZi-gP2sy8-00103-00069024-00069720 monotony those exercises for the correction of spinal deformity which require crawling and free gdZi-gP2sy8-00104-00069720-00070356 swinging are well adapted to musical accompaniment and exercise in the form of the dance used for gdZi-gP2sy8-00105-00070356-00071076 correction or maintenance of good posture is undoubtedly enhanced by background music although gdZi-gP2sy8-00106-00071076-00071622 not in common use for such purpose ballroom and tap dancing could be used to Advantage in gdZi-gP2sy8-00107-00071622-00072294 selected groups of patients for the Improvement of disabilities of the ankles knees and hips modern gdZi-gP2sy8-00108-00072294-00072942 or interpretive dancing May in like manner be used for upper extremity strengthening and coordination gdZi-gP2sy8-00109-00073074-00073716 shop work in those hospitals which possess an occupational therapy Shop music may be gdZi-gP2sy8-00110-00073716-00074154 used to increase the pleasantness of the surroundings and possibly to increase the gdZi-gP2sy8-00111-00074154-00074760 endurance and efficiency of work projects music is not recommended as a background to gdZi-gP2sy8-00112-00074760-00075270 work which requires mental concentration even though it is used by a great many gdZi-gP2sy8-00113-00075270-00075762 students who believe that they can do their homework better with the radio on gdZi-gP2sy8-00114-00075834-00076476 if the melody is too interesting or too popular at the time it may be distracting but where the gdZi-gP2sy8-00115-00076476-00077130 work is largely physical soft music has been shown to be a desirable adjuvant gate would gdZi-gP2sy8-00116-00077130-00077760 study the effect of background music on workers in an architectural drafting room and discovered that gdZi-gP2sy8-00117-00077760-00078408 although a minority found it distracting most of the workers worked better and faster they gdZi-gP2sy8-00118-00078408-00078954 preferred familiar music and found instrumental music less distracting than vocal Renditions gdZi-gP2sy8-00119-00079020-00079524 more recently this subject has received the attention of many investigators who gdZi-gP2sy8-00120-00079524-00080418 have shown its value among Factory workers and have called it Industrial Music footnote the use gdZi-gP2sy8-00121-00080418-00080976 of industrial music is not to be confused with working songs working songs are those sung by gdZi-gP2sy8-00122-00080976-00081630 groups performing tedious or strenuous work to help them maintain good Rhythm and spirit Bucher gdZi-gP2sy8-00123-00081630-00082542 Bucher K arbite and rhythmus Leipzig 1909 analyzed a long list of working songs and concluded that gdZi-gP2sy8-00124-00082542-00083226 one through Rhythm they facilitate the synchronous expenditures of energy by individuals engaged in gdZi-gP2sy8-00125-00083226-00083988 a common task two they spur the worker on through just abuse or reference to the spectators opinions gdZi-gP2sy8-00126-00084072-00084750 three they mention the work it's progress Pleasures vexations difficulties and Rewards gdZi-gP2sy8-00127-00084822-00085500 four they inform every one of the wishes and aspirations of the workers these slow rhythmic gdZi-gP2sy8-00128-00085500-00086142 songs are entirely unsuited to the Machine age where the machine sets the inelastic Rhythm for gdZi-gP2sy8-00129-00086142-00086952 the worker end of footnote their findings and conclusions are so closely allied with gdZi-gP2sy8-00130-00086952-00087480 the use of background music that a few excerpts from the growing literature will be mentioned gdZi-gP2sy8-00131-00087600-00088080 Beckett analyzed the reports made by those factories which have been broadcasting music gdZi-gP2sy8-00132-00088080-00088680 to their employees through public address systems there was improved morale in every plant where gdZi-gP2sy8-00133-00088680-00089256 the music lasted for at least one hour daily two-thirds of the factories which played music gdZi-gP2sy8-00134-00089256-00089904 for at least one hour on each shift claimed an increase in production of from five to ten percent gdZi-gP2sy8-00135-00090000-00090624 greater efficiency results from using music to relieve the boredom of repetitive operations to gdZi-gP2sy8-00136-00090624-00091236 reduce nervous tension to take the workers mind off himself and in general to make the shop a gdZi-gP2sy8-00137-00091236-00091848 more attractive place in which to work he finds the evidence undeniable that music can increase gdZi-gP2sy8-00138-00091848-00092424 production but points out that this result will depend upon how the project is managed gdZi-gP2sy8-00139-00092424-00093102 if the Acoustics or mechanical reproduction is poor the value of Music may be lost the gdZi-gP2sy8-00140-00093102-00093636 most important shortcoming at present is the difficulty in obtaining suitable commercial gdZi-gP2sy8-00141-00093636-00094260 recordings because of the noise in the average plant the volume of the music must be slightly gdZi-gP2sy8-00142-00094260-00094902 greater than that produced by the machines but the average recording has such fluctuations in volume gdZi-gP2sy8-00143-00094902-00095430 that some parts will be drowned out by the hum of the work and other sections will be too loud gdZi-gP2sy8-00144-00095508-00096162 ideally recordings for industrial music should vary only slightly in volume from quote plus gdZi-gP2sy8-00145-00096162-00096918 or minus two decibels of tone intensity end quote and these are not available in variety at present gdZi-gP2sy8-00146-00097032-00097548 the kind of music played is of Paramount importance but no one type of music can be gdZi-gP2sy8-00147-00097548-00098208 used exclusively without becoming a boar to The Listener when request boxes are installed it is gdZi-gP2sy8-00148-00098208-00098796 often the young and enthusiastic Jive fans who use them to the fullest while the more gdZi-gP2sy8-00149-00098796-00099444 conservative music lovers usually sit back and take what comes sometimes this has led to the gdZi-gP2sy8-00150-00099444-00100038 mistaken view that the whole plant desired the more raucous music after a trial of this gdZi-gP2sy8-00151-00100038-00100596 type of music some firms received unfavorable reports on production and lost faith in music gdZi-gP2sy8-00152-00100680-00101268 in some instances music was then abandoned altogether whereupon there was such an gdZi-gP2sy8-00153-00101268-00101850 outcry from the workers that the program was reinstated with hot swing entirely eliminated gdZi-gP2sy8-00154-00101916-00102528 both extremes are bad giving the workers what they want is a more difficult problem than it gdZi-gP2sy8-00155-00102528-00103211 appears at first it requires not one but a number of questionnaires over a period of time to keep gdZi-gP2sy8-00156-00103211-00103968 up with changing tastes music must be played at the right time to obtain the best results marches gdZi-gP2sy8-00157-00103968-00104496 create a cheerful atmosphere and should be played at the beginning of sessions as well as at the end gdZi-gP2sy8-00158-00104496-00105216 the best time of the day for Strauss waltzes is at the so-called fatigue periods there is something gdZi-gP2sy8-00159-00105216-00105918 about three-quarter time that is very refreshing at moments of fatigue besides the music is gay gdZi-gP2sy8-00160-00105918-00106482 and light-hearted and leads all other forms in popular appeal according to the questionnaires gdZi-gP2sy8-00161-00106482-00107256 filled in at three large plants in the hospital occupational therapy Shop music May originate gdZi-gP2sy8-00162-00107256-00107880 from the public address system a record player or the radio it would seem that the most suitable in gdZi-gP2sy8-00163-00107880-00108498 the average Hospital would be the use of the radio which the therapist can change at intervals of 15 gdZi-gP2sy8-00164-00108498-00109506 minutes or longer in an attempt to get unexciting music at a low volume level end of section 7. gesUfBH8yHU-00000-00000052-00000700 Short gaming mobile 💯💯😘😘🙏🙏🙏🎉🎉👍👍👍👍👍😊😊😊😊😎😎😎😎😎😎 geF8uPOcdIg-00000-00000200-00000300 [Snake Bit] gfAPmsLq-Eu-00000-00000050-00000369 PRESENTER: Ternary diagrams could be very useful tools gfAPmsLq-Eu-00001-00000369-00000666 for classifying crude oils. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00002-00000666-00001177 Here you see a ternary diagram, a triangle in essence. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00003-00001177-00001887 On the corners of the triangles, we can see pure hydrocarbons. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00004-00001887-00002262 At the top, where you see 100% aromatics, gfAPmsLq-Eu-00005-00002262-00002526 that is just one point at the top represents gfAPmsLq-Eu-00006-00002526-00002802 pure aromatic compounds. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00007-00002802-00003009 On the left-hand side at the bottom, gfAPmsLq-Eu-00008-00003009-00003365 100% paraffins point on the corner, gfAPmsLq-Eu-00009-00003365-00003717 and on the right, 100% naphthenes. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00010-00003717-00004038 The lines that connect these points gfAPmsLq-Eu-00011-00004038-00004287 represent binary mixtures. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00012-00004287-00004667 For example, if you connect aromatics corner gfAPmsLq-Eu-00013-00004667-00004884 with the paraffins on that line, you gfAPmsLq-Eu-00014-00004884-00005211 will only have aromatics and paraffins. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00015-00005211-00005691 As an example, let us define the region gfAPmsLq-Eu-00016-00005691-00006168 in this ternary diagram for the group 1 gfAPmsLq-Eu-00017-00006168-00006711 or classification 1 crude oils that are paraffin liquid oils. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00018-00006711-00007272 You see the horizontal line with an arrow pointing downward. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00019-00007272-00007781 So below that line, the contents of paraffins and naphthenes gfAPmsLq-Eu-00020-00007781-00008079 is greater than 50%. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00021-00008079-00008685 Above that line, obviously, aromatics are greater than 50%. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00022-00008685-00008991 Now, establish the second boundary line gfAPmsLq-Eu-00023-00008991-00009228 for the group 1 crude oils. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00024-00009228-00009498 That is paraffinic crude oils. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00025-00009498-00009831 You see the vertical line right in the middle gfAPmsLq-Eu-00026-00009831-00010266 of the triangle separating the triangle into two areas. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00027-00010266-00010569 To the left of that vertical line, gfAPmsLq-Eu-00028-00010569-00011013 we will have paraffins contents greater than naphthenes gfAPmsLq-Eu-00029-00011013-00011286 everywhere to the left of this point. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00030-00011286-00011739 So with these two boundary lines then, one horizontal, one gfAPmsLq-Eu-00031-00011739-00012078 vertical, we have established a region gfAPmsLq-Eu-00032-00012078-00012369 where the contents of paraffins and naphthenes gfAPmsLq-Eu-00033-00012369-00012759 are greater than 50%, and paraffin contents gfAPmsLq-Eu-00034-00012759-00013013 are greater than naphthenes. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00035-00013013-00013461 To establish the region for the type 1 crude oils, gfAPmsLq-Eu-00036-00013461-00013708 we need the third boundary line. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00037-00013708-00014169 So you see here the line that is designating paraffin gfAPmsLq-Eu-00038-00014169-00014516 contents greater than 40%. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00039-00014516-00014904 So to the left of that line in the triangle, gfAPmsLq-Eu-00040-00014904-00015341 the paraffin contents is greater than 40%. gfAPmsLq-Eu-00041-00015341-00015981 So all these three lines then designate the group 1 or type 1 gfAPmsLq-Eu-00042-00015981-00016338 crude oil or region in the ternary diagram gfAPmsLq-Eu-00043-00016338-00016778 that is the paraffinic crude oils region. glcUM6AhCc0-00000-00000100-00000302 Do you need to check your visa conditions?, glcUM6AhCc0-00001-00000304-00000518 Find out when your visa expires glcUM6AhCc0-00002-00000520-00000742 or if you can work in Australia? glcUM6AhCc0-00003-00000744-00001122 Visa Entitlement Verification Online, VEVO glcUM6AhCc0-00004-00001124-00001306 will tell you what you need to know about glcUM6AhCc0-00005-00001308-00001530 your work and study entitlements, glcUM6AhCc0-00006-00001532-00001782 important details about your current visa, glcUM6AhCc0-00007-00001784-00002005 including the class and subclass, and glcUM6AhCc0-00008-00002007-00002218 when your visa runs out glcUM6AhCc0-00009-00002220-00002310 VEVO glcUM6AhCc0-00010-00002312-00002398 ANYWHERE glcUM6AhCc0-00011-00002400-00002490 ANYTIME glcUM6AhCc0-00012-00002492-00003098 ONLINE gm-20CM_Flu-00000-00000100-00000600 Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Constructors and Destructors in C++. gm-20CM_Flu-00001-00000700-00000800 In this tutorial we will learn, gm-20CM_Flu-00002-00000900-00001000 Constructors gm-20CM_Flu-00003-00001000-00001100 Types of constructors gm-20CM_Flu-00004-00001200-00001300 Destructors. gm-20CM_Flu-00005-00001300-00001600 We will do this with the help of some examples. gm-20CM_Flu-00006-00001700-00001900 To record this tutorial, I am using gm-20CM_Flu-00007-00002000-00002200 Ubuntu Operating System version 11.10, gm-20CM_Flu-00008-00002300-00002700 g++ Compiler version 4.6.1. gm-20CM_Flu-00009-00002800-00003000 Let us start with an introduction to Constructors. gm-20CM_Flu-00010-00003100-00003200 A constructor is a member function. gm-20CM_Flu-00011-00003300-00003600 It has the same name as the class name. gm-20CM_Flu-00012-00003700-00003900 Constructors cannot return values. gm-20CM_Flu-00013-00004000-00004300 It is automatically called when an object is created. gm-20CM_Flu-00014-00004400-00004500 Types of Constructors: gm-20CM_Flu-00015-00004600-00004800 Parameterized Constructors. gm-20CM_Flu-00016-00004900-00004920 Copy Constructors. gm-20CM_Flu-00017-00005000-00005200 And Default Constructors. gm-20CM_Flu-00018-00005300-00005500 Let us move on to Destructors. gm-20CM_Flu-00019-00005600-00005800 Destructors are used to deallocate memory. gm-20CM_Flu-00020-00005900-00006100 They are called when an object is destroyed. gm-20CM_Flu-00021-00006200-00006600 A destructor takes no arguments and has no return types. gm-20CM_Flu-00022-00006700-00007000 Let us see an example on Constructors and Destructors, gm-20CM_Flu-00023-00007100-00007400 I have already typed the code on the editor, I will open it. gm-20CM_Flu-00024-00007500-00007900 Note that our filename is cons hyphen dest dot cpp gm-20CM_Flu-00025-00008000-00008400 In this program we will perform the addition of two numbers using constructor. gm-20CM_Flu-00026-00008500-00008600 Let me explain the code now. gm-20CM_Flu-00027-00008700-00008900 This is our header file as iostream gm-20CM_Flu-00028-00009000-00009200 Here we have used std namespace. gm-20CM_Flu-00029-00009300-00009700 Then we have class Addition. a and b are the integer variables. gm-20CM_Flu-00030-00009800-00010100 These are the private members of class Addition. gm-20CM_Flu-00031-00010200-00010300 Here we have the Public specifier. gm-20CM_Flu-00032-00010400-00010600 Then we have the construtor Addition gm-20CM_Flu-00033-00010700-00011100 The constructor has the same name as the class name. gm-20CM_Flu-00034-00011200-00011300 We have passed two arguements here. gm-20CM_Flu-00035-00011400-00011600 Now we have defined a Destructor. gm-20CM_Flu-00036-00011700-00012100 For this we use a tilde sign followed by the destructors name. gm-20CM_Flu-00037-00012200-00012400 This is a public function add. gm-20CM_Flu-00038-00012500-00012700 It returns sum of a and b. gm-20CM_Flu-00039-00012800-00013100 Here we access the constructor using the scope resolution operator. gm-20CM_Flu-00040-00013200-00013400 a and b are private members. gm-20CM_Flu-00041-00013500-00013800 To access the private members we use x and y. gm-20CM_Flu-00042-00013900-00014000 Then we access the destructor. gm-20CM_Flu-00043-00014100-00014400 In this we print Memory Deallocation. gm-20CM_Flu-00044-00014500-00014700 This is our main function. gm-20CM_Flu-00045-00014800-00015100 Here we create an object obj of class Addition. gm-20CM_Flu-00046-00015200-00015500 Then we pass two arguments as 3 and 4. gm-20CM_Flu-00047-00015600-00015900 3 will be stored in x and 4 will be stored in y. gm-20CM_Flu-00048-00016000-00016400 This means a's value is 3 and b'svalue is 4. gm-20CM_Flu-00049-00016500-00016900 The constructor that has arguments is called parameterized constructor. gm-20CM_Flu-00050-00017000-00017200 Hence this one is the prameterized constructor. gm-20CM_Flu-00051-00017300-00017700 Here we call the function add using the object obj. gm-20CM_Flu-00052-00017800-00017900 And we print the sum. gm-20CM_Flu-00053-00018000-00018100 This is our return statement. gm-20CM_Flu-00054-00018200-00018400 Now let us execute the program. gm-20CM_Flu-00055-00018500-00019100 Open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard. gm-20CM_Flu-00056-00019200-00020000 To compile type, g++ space cons hyphen dest dot cpp space hyphen o space cons gm-20CM_Flu-00057-00020100-00020200 Press Enter gm-20CM_Flu-00058-00020300-00020400 Type dot slash cons gm-20CM_Flu-00059-00020500-00020600 Press Enter gm-20CM_Flu-00060-00020700-00020800 The output is displayed as gm-20CM_Flu-00061-00020900-00021200 Sum is 7 and Memory Deallocation gm-20CM_Flu-00062-00021300-00021600 Now let us see an example on Default constructors. gm-20CM_Flu-00063-00021700-00021800 Come back ot our program. gm-20CM_Flu-00064-00021900-00022000 I have already typed the code. gm-20CM_Flu-00065-00022100-00022400 Note that our filename is default dot cpp gm-20CM_Flu-00066-00022500-00022700 If a constructor is not declared in the class, gm-20CM_Flu-00067-00022800-00023200 Then the compiler assumes a default constructor for the class. gm-20CM_Flu-00068-00023300-00023400 Let me explain the code. gm-20CM_Flu-00069-00023500-00023700 This is our header file as iostream. gm-20CM_Flu-00070-00023800-00024100 Here we have used std namespace. gm-20CM_Flu-00071-00024200-00024300 Then we have class Subtraction. gm-20CM_Flu-00072-00024400-00024700 Then we have a and b declared as public. gm-20CM_Flu-00073-00024800-00024900 Here we have sub function. gm-20CM_Flu-00074-00025000-00025400 We have passed two arguments int a and int b. gm-20CM_Flu-00075-00025500-00025800 This returns the subtraction of two numbers a and b. gm-20CM_Flu-00076-00025900-00026100 This is the defalut constructor. gm-20CM_Flu-00077-00026200-00026600 Here we access the default constructor using the scope resolution operator. gm-20CM_Flu-00078-00026700-00026800 This is our main function. gm-20CM_Flu-00079-00026900-00027300 In this we have defined a variable x. gm-20CM_Flu-00080-00027400-00027800 Here we create an object s of class subtraction. gm-20CM_Flu-00081-00027900-00028100 Then we call the function sub using the object s. gm-20CM_Flu-00082-00028200-00028600 And pass two arguments as 8 and 4. gm-20CM_Flu-00083-00028700-00029000 Then the result is stored in variable x. gm-20CM_Flu-00084-00029100-00029300 And here we print the difference. gm-20CM_Flu-00085-00029400-00029500 This is our return statement. gm-20CM_Flu-00086-00029600-00029700 Now let us execute the program. gm-20CM_Flu-00087-00029800-00030000 Come back to our terminal. gm-20CM_Flu-00088-00030100-00030800 Let us compile type g++ space default dot cpp space hyphen o space def gm-20CM_Flu-00089-00030900-00031000 Press Enter gm-20CM_Flu-00090-00031000-00031100 Type dot slash def gm-20CM_Flu-00091-00031200-00031300 Press Enter gm-20CM_Flu-00092-00031400-00031500 The output is return as gm-20CM_Flu-00093-00031600-00031700 Difference is 4 gm-20CM_Flu-00094-00031800-00031900 Come back to our program. gm-20CM_Flu-00095-00032000-00032400 Here you can see that we have passed the arguments within the function. gm-20CM_Flu-00096-00032500-00032900 And in our previous example we have passed the arguments within the Object. gm-20CM_Flu-00097-00033000-00033300 And here we have passed the arguments using the Object. gm-20CM_Flu-00098-00033400-00033700 Now let us go back to our slides. gm-20CM_Flu-00099-00033800-00034000 Let us summarize, In this tutorial we learned, gm-20CM_Flu-00100-00034100-00034200 Constructors. eg. Addition gm-20CM_Flu-00101-00034300-00034700 Parameterized Constructor. eg. Addition obj (3, 4); gm-20CM_Flu-00102-00034800-00035100 Destructors eg. ~Addition gm-20CM_Flu-00103-00035200-00035400 Default Constructor. eg. Subtraction gm-20CM_Flu-00104-00035500-00035800 As an assignment, Create a class named Division. gm-20CM_Flu-00105-00035900-00036000 Create a constructor for the class. gm-20CM_Flu-00106-00036100-00036500 And Create a function divide which divides two given numbers. gm-20CM_Flu-00107-00036600-00036800 Watch the video available at the link shown below gm-20CM_Flu-00108-00036900-00037000 It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project. gm-20CM_Flu-00109-00037100-00037500 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. gm-20CM_Flu-00110-00037600-00038000 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team, Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials . gm-20CM_Flu-00111-00038100-00038400 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test . gm-20CM_Flu-00112-00038500-00038600 For more details, please write to, gm-20CM_Flu-00113-00038700-00039000 contact@spoken hyphen tutorial dot org gm-20CM_Flu-00114-00039100-00039500 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project. gm-20CM_Flu-00115-00039600-00040100 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. gm-20CM_Flu-00116-00040200-00040600 More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below gm-20CM_Flu-00117-00040700-00041200 This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank You for joining. h02iOLZEmbI-00000-00002023-00003474 (Music) h02iOLZEmbI-00001-00003474-00003772 (Horror sound) h02iOLZEmbI-00002-00003772-00004086 Make them remember what they did jason Kill them h02iOLZEmbI-00003-00040203-00040486 Yes kill for mother h02iOLZEmbI-00004-00047886-00048496 That's my boy . hunt them down , make them pay h02iOLZEmbI-00005-00058496-00058896 That's my boy . hunt them down , make them pay h02iOLZEmbI-00006-00065496-00065996 Get up jason. Find them , kill them h02iOLZEmbI-00007-00075686-00076190 Yes kill for mother h02iOLZEmbI-00008-00076790-00077620 You done your job well and mommy is pleased . Come home _ h02iOLZEmbI-00009-00077620-00077903 (Ahh hah hh ha) h02iOLZEmbI-00010-00077903-00078668 (sounds) h05eTUhrZqQ-00000-00000000-00000498 all right so I just finished binge watching season six of orange is the new h05eTUhrZqQ-00001-00000498-00000953 black on Netflix and boy do I have a lot to say about it so this video is gonna h05eTUhrZqQ-00002-00000953-00002238 be my review and reaction for the entire season so stay tuned what is up h05eTUhrZqQ-00003-00002238-00002643 everybody this is Chris from the rewired soul where we talk about the problem but h05eTUhrZqQ-00004-00002643-00003048 focus on the solution so if you are new to my channel I have a mental health h05eTUhrZqQ-00005-00003048-00003450 channel my channel is dedicated to helping you with your mental and h05eTUhrZqQ-00006-00003450-00003882 emotional well-being all right but something I try to do is I try to pull h05eTUhrZqQ-00007-00003882-00004407 from television movies maybe other youtubers because everything can be h05eTUhrZqQ-00008-00004407-00004737 something that we could take in and learn from and kind of reflect on and h05eTUhrZqQ-00009-00004737-00005091 say okay what can I learn from this how can I improve my mental health so I try h05eTUhrZqQ-00010-00005091-00005507 to take relevant you know content out there and try to teach lessons that h05eTUhrZqQ-00011-00005507-00005793 might be able to help improve your mental health all right so if that's h05eTUhrZqQ-00012-00005793-00006137 something you're into make sure you hit that subscribe button all right anyways h05eTUhrZqQ-00013-00006137-00006651 so one of the last Netflix shows that I reviewed was 13 reasons why a lot of you h05eTUhrZqQ-00014-00006651-00006981 came to my channel from those reviews so I'm thinking about doing some character h05eTUhrZqQ-00015-00006981-00007431 breakdowns but anyways I want to kind of review the whole season I do want to h05eTUhrZqQ-00016-00007431-00008054 pluck a specific kind of mental health topic that we see throughout this season h05eTUhrZqQ-00017-00008054-00008397 so there will be spoilers so if you haven't seen all the episodes sorry h05eTUhrZqQ-00018-00008397-00008721 there's gonna be some spoilers but anyways go check them out we'll come h05eTUhrZqQ-00019-00008721-00009006 back or whatever you got to do but if you don't care about spoilers just stay h05eTUhrZqQ-00020-00009006-00009477 with me stay with me here so anyways season six picks up where in h05eTUhrZqQ-00021-00009477-00009942 the last season we had the prison riot okay the women's prison over at h05eTUhrZqQ-00022-00009942-00010247 Litchfield they went on a riot and you know they were keeping the guards h05eTUhrZqQ-00023-00010247-00010647 captive and all that kind of stuff in season six they are now at the h05eTUhrZqQ-00024-00010647-00011067 maximum-security prison okay it's a lot rougher a lot tougher a lot harder h05eTUhrZqQ-00025-00011067-00011604 inmates and things like that kind of the overall topic on what I kept seeing over h05eTUhrZqQ-00026-00011604-00012000 and over from all the different characters it's just paying the h05eTUhrZqQ-00027-00012000-00012552 consequences for their actions alright so I talked about on my channel a few h05eTUhrZqQ-00028-00012552-00012839 times about this internal locus of control h05eTUhrZqQ-00029-00012839-00013322 okay this locus of control realizing that the things I do have results okay h05eTUhrZqQ-00030-00013322-00013694 and these can be positive or negative and this is something that like we saw h05eTUhrZqQ-00031-00013694-00014141 so many struggles from almost all of the characters almost all the characters h05eTUhrZqQ-00032-00014141-00014652 that their actions have consequences now I guess you could say that for anybody h05eTUhrZqQ-00033-00014652-00015072 who's in prison right your actions have consequences but this is really h05eTUhrZqQ-00034-00015072-00015462 interesting because like I've never really seen this in a show and maybe h05eTUhrZqQ-00035-00015462-00015744 it's just cuz I don't watch many shows about prison like I didn't watch AHS or h05eTUhrZqQ-00036-00015744-00016230 anything but now there's consequences for what they did in prison that's h05eTUhrZqQ-00037-00016230-00016641 extending sentences or having more punishment and things like that so a lot h05eTUhrZqQ-00038-00016641-00016998 of our characters while feeling justified in their actions for that riot h05eTUhrZqQ-00039-00016998-00017423 they're experiencing the consequences and having a lot of regret one of my h05eTUhrZqQ-00040-00017423-00018051 favorite quotes of all time is this we make decisions based on self which later h05eTUhrZqQ-00041-00018051-00018554 place us in a position to be hurt okay so the way this is something for you to h05eTUhrZqQ-00042-00018554-00019068 learn from is when we're motion leaf fueled right whether it's because we're h05eTUhrZqQ-00043-00019068-00019578 angry usually it's anger or because of love or whatever it is the actions we h05eTUhrZqQ-00044-00019578-00020139 take may hurt us later on in life so the the prison riot you know obviously there h05eTUhrZqQ-00045-00020139-00020556 was some unjust stuff going on over at Litchfield there was a death of poussey h05eTUhrZqQ-00046-00020556-00021104 back in season four and that triggered a lot of emotions right so in response to h05eTUhrZqQ-00047-00021104-00021663 that they had this prison riot right and they also held CEOs captive and made all h05eTUhrZqQ-00048-00021663-00021990 these demands and different characters had different reasons for what they were h05eTUhrZqQ-00049-00021990-00022335 doing and things like that people like taystee we're trying to make change but h05eTUhrZqQ-00050-00022335-00022965 even tasty is seeing the consequences of her actions here right but there are a h05eTUhrZqQ-00051-00022965-00023373 few different characters that really had a lot of consequences for their actions h05eTUhrZqQ-00052-00023373-00023970 I kind of want to focus on red okay so red she's the mama bear okay she's she's h05eTUhrZqQ-00053-00023970-00024246 like the mother to a lot of the inmates there h05eTUhrZqQ-00054-00024246-00024654 she's had a lot of interesting story arcs throughout the seasons but what I h05eTUhrZqQ-00055-00024654-00025002 really want to look at is her dynamic with Frida h05eTUhrZqQ-00056-00025002-00025368 okay so throughout the season we see a lot of people turning on each other h05eTUhrZqQ-00057-00025368-00026091 ratting people out some people like Cindy for example aka Tova she she lied h05eTUhrZqQ-00058-00026091-00026514 in order to protect herself which then had consequences for her best friend h05eTUhrZqQ-00059-00026514-00027006 tasty and things like I said I might do some more character breakdowns but in h05eTUhrZqQ-00060-00027006-00027513 the example of red okay so Wade felt very justified in her actions on what h05eTUhrZqQ-00061-00027513-00027882 she did all right so piscatella ended up dying and things h05eTUhrZqQ-00062-00027882-00028257 like that but anyways so part of what Redd was doing Redd was seeking revenge h05eTUhrZqQ-00063-00028257-00028752 okay red was seeking revenge against piscatella red is bald for most of the h05eTUhrZqQ-00064-00028752-00029235 season because of what piscatella did alright so there's a certain point where h05eTUhrZqQ-00065-00029235-00029733 Frida fleeta she is trying to protect her own butt and she's trying to get h05eTUhrZqQ-00066-00029733-00030222 moved to they call it Florida which is the nice kind of life it's for like old h05eTUhrZqQ-00067-00030222-00030627 people or trans people you know there's not a lot of violence that goes on in h05eTUhrZqQ-00068-00030627-00030995 this Florida block okay but anyways free to did that to save her h05eTUhrZqQ-00069-00030995-00031485 own butt and we can also say that Frida is also seeing the consequences of h05eTUhrZqQ-00070-00031485-00031854 action she had like thirty years ago because Frida's trying to hide because h05eTUhrZqQ-00071-00031854-00032264 she's afraid she's gonna get murdered but anyways as a result of that red gets h05eTUhrZqQ-00072-00032264-00032730 ten more years so there's also an interesting kind of conversation about h05eTUhrZqQ-00073-00032730-00033165 what family is what real family is and things like that red is very big about h05eTUhrZqQ-00074-00033165-00033753 family and in this season red is hurt when is hurt by all these different h05eTUhrZqQ-00075-00033753-00034188 people turning their backs on her one of them is Nikki Nikki is somebody who red h05eTUhrZqQ-00076-00034188-00034626 helped out a lot but when actually respects what Nikki did because Nikki h05eTUhrZqQ-00077-00034626-00034989 came to red and like look I have to tell them what happened I have to be honest h05eTUhrZqQ-00078-00034989-00035385 about this and you know as a recovering addict I can understand why Nikki did h05eTUhrZqQ-00079-00035385-00035811 that but also Nikki had to do it you know to save her own butt too but red h05eTUhrZqQ-00080-00035811-00036399 respected that but Freda red sees Freda as just this lying conniving you know h05eTUhrZqQ-00081-00036399-00036822 just terrible person and is now out for revenge again not h05eTUhrZqQ-00082-00036822-00037203 learning from our actions okay like something like you guys we're all gonna h05eTUhrZqQ-00083-00037203-00037491 screw up we're all gonna mess up we're all gonna make decisions based on h05eTUhrZqQ-00084-00037491-00037878 ourselves based on our emotions but we need to like next time we run into that h05eTUhrZqQ-00085-00037878-00038278 we gotta say oh wait the last time I acted out of revenge the last time I h05eTUhrZqQ-00086-00038278-00038874 acted out of anger these consequences right so once read kind of you know h05eTUhrZqQ-00087-00038874-00039228 realizes that these people aren't real family she starts to focus her attention h05eTUhrZqQ-00088-00039228-00039693 more on her real family right so she calls her son and her son's like hold on h05eTUhrZqQ-00089-00039693-00040009 I'll go get them and Red's like no I just want to talk to you how is h05eTUhrZqQ-00090-00040009-00040350 everything you never come see me and doubted that all these things right and h05eTUhrZqQ-00091-00040350-00040780 she's like I want you to come visit right so red ends up following in the h05eTUhrZqQ-00092-00040780-00041172 wrong crowd right she follows follows Carroll around and becomes friends with h05eTUhrZqQ-00093-00041172-00041650 Carroll and Carroll has her own little feud going on but Carroll really fuels h05eTUhrZqQ-00094-00041650-00042240 Reds idea of revenge and red you know she wants Frieda dead - right like this h05eTUhrZqQ-00095-00042240-00042709 revenge in her mind she wants free to dead so like it's crazy to me and this h05eTUhrZqQ-00096-00042709-00043119 is one of the most heartbreaking things to me so Webb gets a surprise visit she h05eTUhrZqQ-00097-00043119-00043656 gets some surprise visitors it's her son and her grand baby that she's never met h05eTUhrZqQ-00098-00043656-00044331 in her entire life and she's going to see her son and her grandbaby and focus h05eTUhrZqQ-00099-00044331-00044800 on the real family this is the thing that she wants but as she's walking down h05eTUhrZqQ-00100-00044800-00045338 the hallway she encounters Frida and because red cannot control her emotions h05eTUhrZqQ-00101-00045338-00046006 because red wass revenge so bad red goes and attacks Frida she attacks Frida h05eTUhrZqQ-00102-00046006-00046552 starts strangling her and yelling at Frida right and guess what happens red h05eTUhrZqQ-00103-00046552-00047008 gets dragged off she doesn't get to see her son she doesn't get to see her baby h05eTUhrZqQ-00104-00047008-00047524 or her grandbaby rather right and then red goes to solitary confinement all h05eTUhrZqQ-00105-00047524-00047997 right and like man I'm just like I get that I've been there those of you who h05eTUhrZqQ-00106-00047997-00048406 haven't known me for over six years some of you haven't even known me that long I h05eTUhrZqQ-00107-00048406-00048886 used to be such an angry and spiteful person but because of my anger because h05eTUhrZqQ-00108-00048886-00049402 of my revenge filled thoughts I kept getting myself in more trouble and h05eTUhrZqQ-00109-00049402-00049820 because of this I was hurting myself as well as the people around me I did h05eTUhrZqQ-00110-00049820-00050288 realize that because I was driven so much by my emotions by my anger by my h05eTUhrZqQ-00111-00050288-00050756 revenge I was making things worse but the problem was I was delusional because h05eTUhrZqQ-00112-00050756-00051032 I kept blaming the rest of the world this is why I keep talking you about h05eTUhrZqQ-00113-00051032-00051541 that internal locus of control like in Red's mind it's not her fault that she h05eTUhrZqQ-00114-00051541-00051962 wasn't able to see her son and grandbaby it's not her fault that now her son and h05eTUhrZqQ-00115-00051962-00052382 family isn't gonna want to come visit her again Red's gonna think that that's h05eTUhrZqQ-00116-00052382-00052700 not her fault it's Frida's fault right and until we h05eTUhrZqQ-00117-00052700-00053129 start taking responsibility for our actions nothing gets better nothing gets h05eTUhrZqQ-00118-00053129-00053510 better and this is something that we keep saying throughout this season with h05eTUhrZqQ-00119-00053510-00053870 different characters some characters learn from this some characters didn't h05eTUhrZqQ-00120-00053870-00054239 you know what I mean but I really want you to take from this and ask yourself h05eTUhrZqQ-00121-00054239-00054746 is your anger is your revenge attitude is being rude to people are these things h05eTUhrZqQ-00122-00054746-00055136 beneficial to you or are they not beneficial to you because if they're not h05eTUhrZqQ-00123-00055136-00055484 you really need to audit your life and check in with yourself be like man these h05eTUhrZqQ-00124-00055484-00055823 are some things I need to work on because all they do is make matters h05eTUhrZqQ-00125-00055823-00056348 worse all right but anyways that's what I want to talk about with season six it h05eTUhrZqQ-00126-00056348-00056876 was a great show it was a great season like I love I love this show I love this h05eTUhrZqQ-00127-00056876-00057395 show so much something I do love I love that it's kind of evolved away from h05eTUhrZqQ-00128-00057395-00057766 Piper and we get more focus on other characters and stuff like that I love h05eTUhrZqQ-00129-00057766-00058139 that throughout all the seasons I loved seeing different backstories here's h05eTUhrZqQ-00130-00058139-00058469 something I'll mention here's something I mentioned before I let you go to like h05eTUhrZqQ-00131-00058469-00058958 one thing I love about this show is it increases empathy right so as a drug h05eTUhrZqQ-00132-00058958-00059252 addict and alcoholic in recovery I've met thousands and thousands of people h05eTUhrZqQ-00133-00059252-00059708 who are drug addicts and alcoholics and like there's so many judgments against h05eTUhrZqQ-00134-00059708-00060083 drug addicts and alcoholics and people don't know their past what I love about h05eTUhrZqQ-00135-00060083-00060491 this show is there's a stigma about people in prison and who are locked up h05eTUhrZqQ-00136-00060491-00061117 and like we get to see their backstories and see what happened what happened in h05eTUhrZqQ-00137-00061117-00061502 their life that turned them into the person that they are today and I think h05eTUhrZqQ-00138-00061502-00061859 you know even though it's a fictional show obviously we really get to h05eTUhrZqQ-00139-00061859-00062210 empathize with that and I think that's so important like we got to learn like h05eTUhrZqQ-00140-00062210-00062605 everybody has a different story and once we sit down and actually listen h05eTUhrZqQ-00141-00062605-00063004 understand what happened to these people we start to empathize a little bit in h05eTUhrZqQ-00142-00063004-00063367 life man like this person had a really messed-up childhood or their abusive h05eTUhrZqQ-00143-00063367-00063754 relationship well it's not an excuse we start to understand what can lead to h05eTUhrZqQ-00144-00063754-00064208 that I think that's important especially as a parent like I see these things I'm h05eTUhrZqQ-00145-00064208-00064574 like man especially for my old childhood my man I got to be a better parent to my h05eTUhrZqQ-00146-00064574-00064954 kid all right anyways here's what I want you all to do okay if you're a fan of h05eTUhrZqQ-00147-00064954-00065264 orange is the new black I want you to leave comments down below who would you h05eTUhrZqQ-00148-00065264-00065657 like me to do character breakdowns of or different storylines and things like h05eTUhrZqQ-00149-00065657-00066002 that what would you like to see because I already have a bunch I got them h05eTUhrZqQ-00150-00066002-00066461 written down on my phone so like one of them I'm like 99.9% sure that I'm gonna h05eTUhrZqQ-00151-00066461-00067028 make is seal McCullough she is one of the CEOs who was held hostage and she h05eTUhrZqQ-00152-00067028-00067592 has PTSD this PTSD is leading to self harming behavior is leading to substance h05eTUhrZqQ-00153-00067592-00067958 abuse so I do want to talk about that now once I think a really good video h05eTUhrZqQ-00154-00067958-00068411 that I want to do next one is daya Dyer develop some addiction in that I want to h05eTUhrZqQ-00155-00068411-00068759 talk about that I don't think it's entirely realistic even though it kind h05eTUhrZqQ-00156-00068759-00069185 of is but there's some things I want to talk about with that Ruiz this is h05eTUhrZqQ-00157-00069185-00069659 another one that I'm pretty sure I'm gonna make a video on Ruiz's path h05eTUhrZqQ-00158-00069659-00070025 towards redemption trying to redeem herself and things like that h05eTUhrZqQ-00159-00070025-00070355 trying to find spirituality or religion whatever you want to call it I want to h05eTUhrZqQ-00160-00070355-00070928 talk about that some other ideas I have Cindy Cindy's lies for tasty even lying h05eTUhrZqQ-00161-00070928-00071432 by omission with relationships I think some relationships that might be h05eTUhrZqQ-00162-00071432-00071915 interesting to talk about is the dynamic between Piper and Alex or some toxic h05eTUhrZqQ-00163-00071915-00072437 things there and stuff but really pennsatucky and doggy oh that's a good h05eTUhrZqQ-00164-00072437-00072953 one to talk about the other idea I have is man the feud between Barbara and h05eTUhrZqQ-00165-00072953-00073448 Carole like oh girl I could do a whole video about that anyways those are some h05eTUhrZqQ-00166-00073448-00073724 of the topics that I'm just kind of tossing around but for any of you who h05eTUhrZqQ-00167-00073724-00073994 have watched season six leave comments down below let me know what kind of h05eTUhrZqQ-00168-00073994-00074369 videos you'd like me to make alright anyway that's all I got for you today if h05eTUhrZqQ-00169-00074369-00074669 you like this video please give it a thumbs up if you are new here again I'm h05eTUhrZqQ-00170-00074669-00074885 always making videos to help you out with your mental and emotional h05eTUhrZqQ-00171-00074885-00075245 well-being click that little round subscribe button and a huge thank you to h05eTUhrZqQ-00172-00075245-00075568 everybody supporting the channel over on patreon h05eTUhrZqQ-00173-00075568-00075862 you want to check out some more videos you can click or tap right there alright h05eTUhrZqQ-00174-00075862-00076273 so thanks so much for watching control your anger and revenge and I'll see you h05eTUhrZqQ-00175-00076273-00076530 next time h0_WhgctGXI-00000-00001152-00001297 - [David] Welcome everybody h0_WhgctGXI-00001-00001297-00001714 and welcome to Andrew Rabinovich, who is the Director h0_WhgctGXI-00002-00001980-00002397 of Deep Learning at Magic Leap, an advisor to Neuromation. h0_WhgctGXI-00003-00002781-00002883 Hello Andrew how are you? h0_WhgctGXI-00004-00002883-00003102 - [Andrew] Good morning to you. h0_WhgctGXI-00005-00003102-00003519 - We will be talking about exciting topics that a lot h0_WhgctGXI-00006-00003844-00004128 of people are talking about but not a lot h0_WhgctGXI-00007-00004128-00004454 of people practice to the level that you do, h0_WhgctGXI-00008-00004454-00004854 artificial intelligence, deep learning, and more h0_WhgctGXI-00009-00005140-00005584 exotic topics trying to make them comprehensible. h0_WhgctGXI-00010-00005584-00005817 So, when did you start in AI? h0_WhgctGXI-00011-00005939-00006273 - So the story goes back almost 20 years h0_WhgctGXI-00012-00006481-00006660 when I was still an undergraduate h0_WhgctGXI-00013-00006660-00006918 at the University of California in San Diego h0_WhgctGXI-00014-00006918-00007326 when I started building computerized microscopes, h0_WhgctGXI-00015-00007521-00007804 or as we called them back then sightometers h0_WhgctGXI-00016-00007804-00008221 where we were trying to detect cancer in tissue samples. h0_WhgctGXI-00017-00008548-00009024 Then we were using basic image processing techniques, h0_WhgctGXI-00018-00009024-00009522 but very quickly I realized that those weren't sufficient h0_WhgctGXI-00019-00009522-00009887 and much more research, and back then machine learning, h0_WhgctGXI-00020-00009887-00010283 and computer vision was needed, and that's when I started h0_WhgctGXI-00021-00010283-00010767 my graduate studies in Computer Vision and Machine Learning. h0_WhgctGXI-00022-00010768-00011568 So since 2002, I've been sort of studying theoretical h0_WhgctGXI-00023-00011604-00011998 and applied machine Learning and computer vision, h0_WhgctGXI-00024-00011998-00012414 and nowadays we call this classical vision h0_WhgctGXI-00025-00012414-00012881 and machine learning, and I've been doing that until 2012, h0_WhgctGXI-00026-00012881-00013280 when the deep learning revolution kind of occurred. h0_WhgctGXI-00027-00013280-00014026 At that time I was working at Google, working on all sorts h0_WhgctGXI-00028-00014056-00014472 of things related to photo-annotation and computer vision h0_WhgctGXI-00029-00014703-00015119 and there I sort of quickly realized that deep learning h0_WhgctGXI-00030-00015426-00015660 has the capability of solving problems h0_WhgctGXI-00031-00015660-00016017 that classical vision has never dreamed of. h0_WhgctGXI-00032-00016017-00016434 Then almost overnight I quickly switched to deep learning h0_WhgctGXI-00033-00016604-00016987 altogether and started spending all of my time h0_WhgctGXI-00034-00017287-00017629 on the theory of deep computation as well h0_WhgctGXI-00035-00017814-00018109 as its applications to computer vision. h0_WhgctGXI-00036-00018109-00018525 - In artificial intelligence since the 80s or even before h0_WhgctGXI-00037-00018764-00018999 there were two kinds of approaches. h0_WhgctGXI-00038-00018999-00019416 A top down approach using expert systems, rule-based h0_WhgctGXI-00039-00019520-00019912 classification, all kinds of ways that we tried h0_WhgctGXI-00040-00020255-00020748 to teach computers, common sense, and how to make decisions h0_WhgctGXI-00041-00020748-00021090 based on our understanding how we reason. h0_WhgctGXI-00042-00021178-00021571 And on the other hand there were bottom up approaches h0_WhgctGXI-00043-00021571-00021913 spearheaded by artificial neural networks h0_WhgctGXI-00044-00022049-00022424 that tried to abstract the rules of reasoning h0_WhgctGXI-00045-00022627-00023044 without making them explicit, but as if the computers h0_WhgctGXI-00046-00023135-00023535 were able to discover these rules by themselves. h0_WhgctGXI-00047-00023621-00024004 And the neural network based approach appeared h0_WhgctGXI-00048-00024150-00024567 at the time to have very severe limits and was kind of h0_WhgctGXI-00049-00024832-00025249 the losing part of the AI balance and the AI approach. h0_WhgctGXI-00050-00025360-00025726 What made it burst into the forefront again? h0_WhgctGXI-00051-00025872-00026247 You said in 2012 suddenly something happened? h0_WhgctGXI-00052-00026543-00026918 - That's absolutely right, so neural networks h0_WhgctGXI-00053-00027121-00027537 and artificial intelligence as a field have been around h0_WhgctGXI-00054-00027711-00028127 since 60s from the days of Marvin Minsky and McCarthy. h0_WhgctGXI-00055-00028289-00028706 When people have been thinking about, from psychology, h0_WhgctGXI-00056-00029086-00029503 abstract math, and philosophy, about artificial intelligence h0_WhgctGXI-00057-00029611-00030028 but of course the computation was the limiting factor h0_WhgctGXI-00058-00030158-00030524 into any kind of experimentation and proofs. h0_WhgctGXI-00059-00030642-00030848 When talking about artificial intelligence h0_WhgctGXI-00060-00030848-00031087 we have to be very clear that it's not h0_WhgctGXI-00061-00031087-00031386 a fundamental science whose mission is h0_WhgctGXI-00062-00031386-00031725 to describe and understand nature, but rather h0_WhgctGXI-00063-00031725-00031970 an engineering discipline that's tasked h0_WhgctGXI-00064-00031970-00032300 with solving a practical problem. h0_WhgctGXI-00065-00032300-00032583 In order to solve problems sort of h0_WhgctGXI-00066-00032793-00033103 two critical components must come together. h0_WhgctGXI-00067-00033103-00033461 First is the computing power, or the engine h0_WhgctGXI-00068-00033771-00034167 that processes information, and the other is the data, h0_WhgctGXI-00069-00034167-00034622 or that gasoline for an internal combustion engine. h0_WhgctGXI-00070-00034622-00034958 The reason why this revolution took place in 2012 h0_WhgctGXI-00071-00034958-00035441 was because these two components came about together. h0_WhgctGXI-00072-00035441-00035832 The existence of fast compute, mainly the GPUs, h0_WhgctGXI-00073-00035952-00036369 and the abundance of images on the internet with a large h0_WhgctGXI-00074-00036522-00036938 presence of mobile devices able to capture information, h0_WhgctGXI-00075-00037091-00037416 whether its images, or speech, or text. h0_WhgctGXI-00076-00037573-00037948 Ironically the underlying math and the theory h0_WhgctGXI-00077-00038357-00038569 of artificial neural networks, h0_WhgctGXI-00078-00038569-00038894 or as we call them deep neural networks nowadays h0_WhgctGXI-00079-00038894-00039158 hasn't changed very much. h0_WhgctGXI-00080-00039158-00039574 The model of a neuron was introduced by Frank Rosenblatt h0_WhgctGXI-00081-00039723-00040140 in the 60s which is until today very much a current one h0_WhgctGXI-00082-00040502-00040820 with a small modification that an activation function, h0_WhgctGXI-00083-00040820-00041245 or the non-linearity has been simplified even further h0_WhgctGXI-00084-00041245-00041653 from a sort of a logistic function like a sigmoid h0_WhgctGXI-00085-00041757-00042200 or hyperbolic tangent to something even simpler h0_WhgctGXI-00086-00042200-00042436 that's a rectified linear unit. h0_WhgctGXI-00087-00042436-00042636 Otherwise the general structure h0_WhgctGXI-00088-00042636-00042986 of a neural network has remained the same. h0_WhgctGXI-00089-00043148-00043587 One interesting development that was brought forth h0_WhgctGXI-00090-00043587-00044004 by Yann LeCun in the late 80s is this notion of convolutions h0_WhgctGXI-00091-00044324-00044691 which was inspired by biological experiments h0_WhgctGXI-00092-00044904-00045301 of by Hubel, Wiesel indicating that there's this h0_WhgctGXI-00093-00045301-00045737 hierarchical structure incorporating pooling h0_WhgctGXI-00094-00045737-00046006 of simple and complex cells and this is what h0_WhgctGXI-00095-00046006-00046313 the original multi-layer perception was missing, h0_WhgctGXI-00096-00046313-00046700 and with the introduction of these convolutional features h0_WhgctGXI-00097-00046700-00047089 that was first manifested by neural network h0_WhgctGXI-00098-00047089-00047513 called neurocognitron by Fukushima in 1988. h0_WhgctGXI-00099-00047513-00047930 These networks are really the models that we're using today. h0_WhgctGXI-00100-00048083-00048380 Of course the models are now deeper and wider h0_WhgctGXI-00101-00048380-00048598 and run across multiple machines, h0_WhgctGXI-00102-00048598-00048978 but the essence is pretty much the same. h0_WhgctGXI-00103-00048978-00049378 The learning algorithm, mainly back propagation, h0_WhgctGXI-00104-00049491-00049845 using stochastic gradient descent was introduced h0_WhgctGXI-00105-00049845-00050252 by Geoff Hinton in 1986, so essentially h0_WhgctGXI-00106-00050252-00050510 for the last 30 years the guts h0_WhgctGXI-00107-00050510-00050810 for this technology hasn't changed. h0_WhgctGXI-00108-00050983-00051287 So the pillars of success effectively h0_WhgctGXI-00109-00051287-00051526 is the data and the computer. h0_WhgctGXI-00110-00051526-00051867 - And indeed the self-fulfilling prophecy h0_WhgctGXI-00111-00052041-00052457 of Moore's Law is what enabled for the past 50 years h0_WhgctGXI-00112-00052732-00053031 computers to become more and more and more and more h0_WhgctGXI-00113-00053031-00053283 and more and more and more and more powerful. h0_WhgctGXI-00114-00053283-00053614 50 years of exponential growth h0_WhgctGXI-00115-00053614-00053897 will really make a big difference. h0_WhgctGXI-00116-00054001-00054418 So as the availability of the large amounts of data h0_WhgctGXI-00117-00054704-00055121 and very powerful computational platforms became available h0_WhgctGXI-00118-00055353-00055770 neural networks and deep learning started to perform. h0_WhgctGXI-00119-00056280-00056697 There was a large data set, there is still large data set h0_WhgctGXI-00120-00056830-00057247 for objectively testing the performance of neural networks h0_WhgctGXI-00121-00057392-00057808 in vision tasks and if I am not mistaken the test as h0_WhgctGXI-00122-00058268-00058685 performed by humans would beat machine recognition, h0_WhgctGXI-00123-00058913-00059239 but image recognition by machines started to get better and h0_WhgctGXI-00124-00059239-00059700 better and today machines are as good or better than humans h0_WhgctGXI-00125-00059700-00060116 in recognizing tasks on that data set, is that right? h0_WhgctGXI-00126-00060252-00060412 - That's correct. h0_WhgctGXI-00127-00060412-00060829 So one of my colleagues from Stanford, and now is at Google, h0_WhgctGXI-00128-00061238-00061654 Professor Fei-Fei Li did a monumental effort in comprising h0_WhgctGXI-00129-00061803-00062088 together this data set that you're talking about h0_WhgctGXI-00130-00062088-00062552 that's called ImageNet, it's a collection of about h0_WhgctGXI-00131-00062552-00062969 10 million images comprised of about 1000 categories h0_WhgctGXI-00132-00063207-00063510 with the task of being able to identify h0_WhgctGXI-00133-00063510-00063927 the prominent category that's exhibited in a given image. h0_WhgctGXI-00134-00064056-00064473 The state of the art today, of the best performing h0_WhgctGXI-00135-00064614-00065030 deep neural network yields an accuracy of about 97% h0_WhgctGXI-00136-00065322-00065659 for top five classification, while humans h0_WhgctGXI-00137-00065659-00065998 are only able to achieve 95% accuracy. h0_WhgctGXI-00138-00065998-00066448 Having said that, the deepest and largest deep h0_WhgctGXI-00139-00066448-00066925 neural networks that perform the best on these data sets h0_WhgctGXI-00140-00066925-00067225 have about the same number of neurons h0_WhgctGXI-00141-00067225-00067625 as a little, tiny rodent, like a mouse or a rat. h0_WhgctGXI-00142-00067934-00068351 What these approaches are good at, at recognizing patterns. h0_WhgctGXI-00143-00068539-00068952 So unlike humans they never forget and they never get h0_WhgctGXI-00144-00068952-00069392 distracted and there's never an ambiguity between two types h0_WhgctGXI-00145-00069392-00069666 of bridges or two types of airplanes, h0_WhgctGXI-00146-00069666-00070068 something that humans aren't very good at reasoning about. h0_WhgctGXI-00147-00070068-00070485 However, I want to point out right away that these tasks h0_WhgctGXI-00148-00070822-00071124 are very loosely related to any kind h0_WhgctGXI-00149-00071124-00071540 of general intelligence, decision-making, or reasoning. h0_WhgctGXI-00150-00071717-00072180 These tasks are primarily focused with pattern matching h0_WhgctGXI-00151-00072180-00072488 and detection of observed phenomenon. h0_WhgctGXI-00152-00072674-00073090 So these things are really very good at memorizing h0_WhgctGXI-00153-00073268-00073684 with some amount of generalization to unseen observations, h0_WhgctGXI-00154-00073850-00074187 while humans are actually made to infer h0_WhgctGXI-00155-00074187-00074477 from very limited learning. h0_WhgctGXI-00156-00074477-00074939 That's why this particular data set requires there h0_WhgctGXI-00157-00074939-00075339 to be hundreds and thousands of training examples h0_WhgctGXI-00158-00075339-00075660 for these networks to get really good at doing what they do, h0_WhgctGXI-00159-00075660-00076012 but as soon as you scale the number of representations h0_WhgctGXI-00160-00076012-00076467 to tens of examples, then human performance will only h0_WhgctGXI-00161-00076467-00076808 suffer slightly while the degradation h0_WhgctGXI-00162-00076808-00077188 and accuracy for the machines will be very significant. h0_WhgctGXI-00163-00077188-00077605 - When you talk about the deepest deep learning systems, h0_WhgctGXI-00164-00077719-00078100 you are referring to the layers of analysis h0_WhgctGXI-00165-00078100-00078288 and abstraction is that correct? h0_WhgctGXI-00166-00078288-00078532 And how many layers are we talking about h0_WhgctGXI-00167-00078532-00079011 when we talk about the deepest deep learning today? h0_WhgctGXI-00168-00079011-00079428 - So the most widely used deepest networks is something h0_WhgctGXI-00169-00079633-00079999 that's called a residual network, or ResNet, h0_WhgctGXI-00170-00080141-00080424 that comes from Microsoft research h0_WhgctGXI-00171-00080556-00080889 and that has about 151 layers where each h0_WhgctGXI-00172-00081015-00081431 of those layers is also often made up of sub-components. h0_WhgctGXI-00173-00081650-00082067 To my knowledge people in academic circles have pushed h0_WhgctGXI-00174-00082250-00082728 the boundaries of these networks to go up to 1000 layers, h0_WhgctGXI-00175-00082728-00083161 but the question isn't just about the number of these layers h0_WhgctGXI-00176-00083161-00083478 but also about the width of the layers h0_WhgctGXI-00177-00083604-00083904 and their respective depth, in fact, h0_WhgctGXI-00178-00084214-00084589 there's some theoretical results that suggest h0_WhgctGXI-00179-00084775-00085117 that only with a two layer neural network h0_WhgctGXI-00180-00085286-00085650 without specifying its width and depth of each h0_WhgctGXI-00181-00085650-00085891 specific layer it is possible h0_WhgctGXI-00182-00085891-00086271 to approximate any mathematical function, h0_WhgctGXI-00183-00086271-00086650 which suggests that with a two layer neural network, h0_WhgctGXI-00184-00086650-00087067 basically a network that's comprised of two linear layers h0_WhgctGXI-00185-00087200-00087577 with two non-linear activations that follow were able h0_WhgctGXI-00186-00087577-00087903 to approximate any mathematical function, h0_WhgctGXI-00187-00087903-00088381 hence were able to solve any machine learning task. h0_WhgctGXI-00188-00088381-00088684 Of course the fewer layers you have the harder is to learn, h0_WhgctGXI-00189-00088684-00088913 that's why people build these ginormous things h0_WhgctGXI-00190-00088913-00089266 because the training becomes much simpler. h0_WhgctGXI-00191-00089266-00089683 - Now the data sets out of real world are hard to collect h0_WhgctGXI-00192-00090088-00090505 and the more differentiated areas you want neural networks h0_WhgctGXI-00193-00090816-00091233 to work on, the larger the task of collecting, separate h0_WhgctGXI-00194-00091468-00091885 well-designed data sets for those various tasks becomes h0_WhgctGXI-00195-00092033-00092450 and it is not a coincidence that large corporations h0_WhgctGXI-00196-00092608-00093025 like Facebook, and Microsoft, and Google are very busy h0_WhgctGXI-00197-00093257-00093674 in doing that with the cars that are taking photos h0_WhgctGXI-00198-00093915-00094331 of streets in the world, or whether it is analyzing h0_WhgctGXI-00199-00094579-00094990 the photos that are uploaded by the billions h0_WhgctGXI-00200-00094990-00095248 over social networks and so on. h0_WhgctGXI-00201-00095497-00095914 However, that really is a limiting factor for start-ups h0_WhgctGXI-00202-00096261-00096670 with teams of passionate and creative individuals h0_WhgctGXI-00203-00096831-00097252 to take advantage of deep learning approaches. h0_WhgctGXI-00204-00097252-00097418 - That's absolutely true. h0_WhgctGXI-00205-00097418-00097801 In fact, since the emergence of deep learning, h0_WhgctGXI-00206-00098240-00098656 the protection of intellectual property has shifted h0_WhgctGXI-00207-00099329-00099801 from algorithms, which now everyone freely shares, h0_WhgctGXI-00208-00099801-00100218 you're not able to publish any scientific achievement h0_WhgctGXI-00209-00100321-00100738 without publishing the algorithm and the code along with it, h0_WhgctGXI-00210-00100887-00101170 shifted to the protection of data. h0_WhgctGXI-00211-00101280-00101672 So now rather than being the most powerful team h0_WhgctGXI-00212-00101876-00102161 because you have the best algorithms, now you're h0_WhgctGXI-00213-00102161-00102549 the most powerful enterprise because you have the best data h0_WhgctGXI-00214-00102549-00102941 and that's exactly why Google and Facebook are ahead h0_WhgctGXI-00215-00102941-00103302 of most other companies, not because they have h0_WhgctGXI-00216-00103302-00103719 more computers or because they have smarter researchers, h0_WhgctGXI-00217-00103890-00104290 but simply because they have most data. h0_WhgctGXI-00218-00104290-00104507 Data comes in two flavors. h0_WhgctGXI-00219-00104831-00105277 Raw data, something that one can acquire just h0_WhgctGXI-00220-00105277-00105537 by going around and recording, whether it's speech, h0_WhgctGXI-00221-00105537-00105828 text, voice, or any other modality. h0_WhgctGXI-00222-00106090-00106426 But more importantly is the annotations of the data h0_WhgctGXI-00223-00106426-00106919 and that's where it becomes very, very difficult to scale. h0_WhgctGXI-00224-00106919-00107335 Having accurate and detailed annotations of the data, h0_WhgctGXI-00225-00107461-00107831 or as we call them in the scientific circles, h0_WhgctGXI-00226-00107831-00108189 ground truth, is very, very hard to obtain. h0_WhgctGXI-00227-00108356-00108773 One option is to collect the ground truth by the virtue h0_WhgctGXI-00228-00109031-00109448 of recording, for instance if you want to take pictures h0_WhgctGXI-00229-00109739-00110056 of cars you have to enter the location h0_WhgctGXI-00230-00110183-00110382 and position and the make and model h0_WhgctGXI-00231-00110382-00110732 of each vehicle before you take a picture. h0_WhgctGXI-00232-00110732-00111067 And the second approach is once the data has been collected h0_WhgctGXI-00233-00111067-00111459 then it needs to go through this manual, and very laborious, h0_WhgctGXI-00234-00111459-00111907 expensive, and slow effort of manually labeling it h0_WhgctGXI-00235-00111907-00112133 and as you know there exist such services h0_WhgctGXI-00236-00112133-00112609 as Mechanical Turk, or CrowdFlower, and many others h0_WhgctGXI-00237-00112609-00113012 that actually allow you to submit your data h0_WhgctGXI-00238-00113012-00113266 to these services where human labelers h0_WhgctGXI-00239-00113266-00113696 go through these tedious tasks of labeling. h0_WhgctGXI-00240-00113696-00114071 Aside from being expensive and slow, the problem is h0_WhgctGXI-00241-00114071-00114488 that a, humans make mistakes, b, often times the questions h0_WhgctGXI-00242-00114703-00115119 that are being asked are ambiguous, where it's not trivial h0_WhgctGXI-00243-00115280-00115596 like if show you a picture of a certain animal, h0_WhgctGXI-00244-00115596-00115993 and they say is it this kind of a cat or that kind h0_WhgctGXI-00245-00115993-00116440 of a cat, unless you're a true expert of cats, h0_WhgctGXI-00246-00116440-00116821 you at best would guess, but that guessing would then h0_WhgctGXI-00247-00116821-00117202 translate to mistakes in the model that you would train h0_WhgctGXI-00248-00117202-00117554 from that data and finally humans are not h0_WhgctGXI-00249-00117554-00117829 able to do certain tasks at all. h0_WhgctGXI-00250-00117829-00118120 For instance if I show you an image h0_WhgctGXI-00251-00118356-00118673 of some gallery or a church and I say, h0_WhgctGXI-00252-00118836-00119140 which direction is the light coming from? h0_WhgctGXI-00253-00119140-00119517 Or how many light sources are there in the room? h0_WhgctGXI-00254-00119517-00119827 This is something that humans certainly can't do h0_WhgctGXI-00255-00119827-00120321 because people are very good at relative estimations h0_WhgctGXI-00256-00120321-00120640 but nothing specific, or for an example if I give you h0_WhgctGXI-00257-00120640-00120929 an image of a street with a car on it and I say, h0_WhgctGXI-00258-00120929-00121379 how far away is the car from a traffic light? h0_WhgctGXI-00259-00121379-00121669 You would say, you know three, four meters, maybe five. h0_WhgctGXI-00260-00121669-00121975 I look at it I'll say it's two meters maybe 10. h0_WhgctGXI-00261-00121975-00122225 But it's impossible to say exactly h0_WhgctGXI-00262-00122225-00122523 what the absolute metric distances are, h0_WhgctGXI-00263-00122523-00122926 but in fact that's exactly what's required for self-driving h0_WhgctGXI-00264-00122926-00123282 cars or autonomous navigation by any kind of robot. h0_WhgctGXI-00265-00123282-00123657 So those things are extremely difficult. h0_WhgctGXI-00266-00123657-00124072 The reason why these Google Cars and all these other h0_WhgctGXI-00267-00124072-00124435 self-driving companies have these crazy sensors h0_WhgctGXI-00268-00124435-00124622 on the cars as you see them driving, h0_WhgctGXI-00269-00124622-00124866 is for that reason exactly, but as they drive h0_WhgctGXI-00270-00124866-00125152 and take pictures of the world, they want to measure h0_WhgctGXI-00271-00125152-00125397 everything as precisely as possible because they know h0_WhgctGXI-00272-00125397-00125772 that humans aren't able to label such things. h0_WhgctGXI-00273-00126021-00126438 So given these two approaches of labeled and unlabeled data h0_WhgctGXI-00274-00126887-00127234 this directly translates into two kinds h0_WhgctGXI-00275-00127234-00127509 of machine learning algorithms. h0_WhgctGXI-00276-00127509-00127802 Ones that are called supervised learning, h0_WhgctGXI-00277-00127802-00128147 where you learn by having examples with annotations. h0_WhgctGXI-00278-00128147-00128448 And unsupervised learning, where you're just trying h0_WhgctGXI-00279-00128448-00128865 to get an understanding without any real supervision. h0_WhgctGXI-00280-00129088-00129505 And a great example of that is these generative adversarial h0_WhgctGXI-00281-00129783-00130064 networks, as you've probably seen they are able to render h0_WhgctGXI-00282-00130064-00130456 these crazy images of cats and dogs and people. h0_WhgctGXI-00283-00130564-00130980 But that's still not enough so the approach that many people h0_WhgctGXI-00284-00131195-00131612 have taken including guys that open AI and a deep mind h0_WhgctGXI-00285-00131779-00132161 is to go the synthetic data route and to create h0_WhgctGXI-00286-00132161-00132372 synthetic environments where everything h0_WhgctGXI-00287-00132372-00132745 is perfectly labeled by construction. h0_WhgctGXI-00288-00132745-00133145 As you build this 3D world, with cars, people, trees, h0_WhgctGXI-00289-00133145-00133606 streets, and so forth, by virtually creating all of this h0_WhgctGXI-00290-00133606-00134000 in computer graphics software you automatically know h0_WhgctGXI-00291-00134000-00134405 the locations and positions of everything. h0_WhgctGXI-00292-00134405-00134626 You know which way the light balances. h0_WhgctGXI-00293-00134626-00134958 You know the direction of the surface normals. h0_WhgctGXI-00294-00134958-00135249 You know the reflectance properties of all the materials. h0_WhgctGXI-00295-00135249-00135611 So effectively you have everything you want. h0_WhgctGXI-00296-00135611-00135927 The problem with that, go ahead sorry. h0_WhgctGXI-00297-00136029-00136446 - So you started to mention what is the breakthrough h0_WhgctGXI-00298-00136902-00137401 in the approach of Neuromation, that you are advising. h0_WhgctGXI-00299-00137401-00137818 The approach, that rather than relying on a data set h0_WhgctGXI-00300-00137906-00138323 collected from the physical world, creates data set, h0_WhgctGXI-00301-00138529-00138913 and these data sets are called synthetic data. h0_WhgctGXI-00302-00139084-00139568 And one of the reasons why synthetic data is so interesting h0_WhgctGXI-00303-00139568-00139985 is exactly because it opens the possibility for teams h0_WhgctGXI-00304-00140470-00140863 that are not at Google, not at Microsoft, not at Facebook, h0_WhgctGXI-00305-00140863-00141238 to take advantage of deep learning approaches h0_WhgctGXI-00306-00141329-00141762 and neural networks, and apply AI techniques h0_WhgctGXI-00307-00141762-00142114 to the problems that they are passionate about. h0_WhgctGXI-00308-00142114-00142592 So you were saying some additional features of synthetic h0_WhgctGXI-00309-00142592-00143088 data and what the consequences of this approach are? h0_WhgctGXI-00310-00143088-00143505 - So as you correctly point out, since it's very expensive h0_WhgctGXI-00311-00143871-00144288 to obtain real data with proper annotations, and since h0_WhgctGXI-00312-00144443-00144869 unsupervised learning techniques are not yet powerful enough h0_WhgctGXI-00313-00144869-00145301 I think going the route of creating synthetic data h0_WhgctGXI-00314-00145301-00145609 in training models on those data sets h0_WhgctGXI-00315-00145753-00146053 I think is a practical path forward. h0_WhgctGXI-00316-00146264-00146681 There's still many challenges as to how to create this data, h0_WhgctGXI-00317-00146896-00147335 whether this data resembles the real world environment, h0_WhgctGXI-00318-00147335-00147615 but I think these tasks or these problems rather h0_WhgctGXI-00319-00147615-00148032 are no harder than the problems in unsupervised learning. h0_WhgctGXI-00320-00148331-00148698 So I think tackling AI from that perspective h0_WhgctGXI-00321-00148829-00149037 is an excellent endeavor. h0_WhgctGXI-00322-00149187-00149604 - And to concretely describe in terms of hardware, h0_WhgctGXI-00323-00149903-00150320 the synthetic images of artificial three-dimensional worlds h0_WhgctGXI-00324-00150727-00151202 that can be photographed through virtual cameras h0_WhgctGXI-00325-00151202-00151519 are created through the graphics cards h0_WhgctGXI-00326-00151801-00152265 that are practically the same, or used to be the same, h0_WhgctGXI-00327-00152265-00152682 that are used are used for gaming, and that is what h0_WhgctGXI-00328-00153029-00153379 are made by NVIDIA, or other computer chip h0_WhgctGXI-00329-00153611-00154028 and card manufacturers, is because the same computational h0_WhgctGXI-00330-00154317-00154733 power required for rendering the ever more beautiful images h0_WhgctGXI-00331-00154828-00155244 and detailed images of artificial worlds in computer games h0_WhgctGXI-00332-00155482-00155774 is the same hardware that can be used for h0_WhgctGXI-00333-00155774-00156255 synthesizing the images to train these neural networks. h0_WhgctGXI-00334-00156255-00156452 - That's completely right. h0_WhgctGXI-00335-00156452-00156868 It used to be that most photo-realistic graphic renders h0_WhgctGXI-00336-00157164-00157564 were based on CPUs rather than GPUs, things like h0_WhgctGXI-00337-00157827-00158244 Maya and V-Ray renders, but recently, maybe two years ago h0_WhgctGXI-00338-00158586-00159003 Unreal Engine started working on renders using GPUs h0_WhgctGXI-00339-00159364-00159801 and it is becoming a fairly common practice h0_WhgctGXI-00340-00159801-00160209 in this deep learning community to use these GPUs h0_WhgctGXI-00341-00160375-00160659 and video cards from NVIDIA mainly, h0_WhgctGXI-00342-00160659-00161075 and use Unreal Engine to render these synthetic examples, h0_WhgctGXI-00343-00161730-00162055 something that can be done effectively in real time. h0_WhgctGXI-00344-00162055-00162471 Traditional renders on CPUs although were of higher h0_WhgctGXI-00345-00162576-00162901 visual fidelity took much, much longer, h0_WhgctGXI-00346-00163025-00163441 up 15, 20 minutes per image to get a good rendering, h0_WhgctGXI-00347-00163637-00164053 with speeds that slow one could argue that it's not h0_WhgctGXI-00348-00164193-00164535 feasible to produce millions of examples h0_WhgctGXI-00349-00164535-00164809 to train deep neural networks, h0_WhgctGXI-00350-00164809-00165184 but with the Unreal approach running on a GPU h0_WhgctGXI-00351-00165347-00165621 practically in real time, then all of a sudden h0_WhgctGXI-00352-00165621-00165991 this solution becomes attractive because you can create h0_WhgctGXI-00353-00165991-00166343 a tremendous amount of data in a reasonable amount of time h0_WhgctGXI-00354-00166343-00166642 so that you can train these large deep networks. h0_WhgctGXI-00355-00166642-00167001 So again it's this confluence of technology h0_WhgctGXI-00356-00167166-00167662 for production of synthetic data together with an abundance h0_WhgctGXI-00357-00167662-00168020 of really, fast and powerful graphic cards. h0_WhgctGXI-00358-00168323-00168698 - And I don't know whether it's a coincidence h0_WhgctGXI-00359-00168799-00169242 or beautiful synchronicity that one of the reasons, h0_WhgctGXI-00360-00169242-00169657 or an additional reason, these cards more and more h0_WhgctGXI-00361-00169657-00170056 widely deployed, not only in the personal computers h0_WhgctGXI-00362-00170056-00170473 of gamers, but also in server racks of specialized h0_WhgctGXI-00363-00170771-00171088 but still widely distributed sell-ups, h0_WhgctGXI-00364-00171381-00171797 it is because the same card, the same type of hardware, h0_WhgctGXI-00365-00171909-00172282 the same type of GPU based computation h0_WhgctGXI-00366-00172282-00172632 is also used in mining Ethereum, or mining h0_WhgctGXI-00367-00172890-00173228 certain types of cryptocurrencies, h0_WhgctGXI-00368-00173228-00173663 and the cryptocurrency mining since now we are jumping h0_WhgctGXI-00369-00173663-00174025 from the field of AI into the field of blockchain h0_WhgctGXI-00370-00174025-00174442 is worth repeating very briefly is just a metaphor. h0_WhgctGXI-00371-00174648-00174973 Nobody's mining any kind of rare metal. h0_WhgctGXI-00372-00175083-00175546 Actually I think it is a somewhat unfortunate metaphor. h0_WhgctGXI-00373-00175546-00175963 I personally prefer to use the metaphor of weaving, h0_WhgctGXI-00374-00176290-00176652 where there's a pattern emerging from the collaborative h0_WhgctGXI-00375-00176652-00176977 effort of intricate cryptographic work, h0_WhgctGXI-00376-00177209-00177594 but in any case whether we use one or the other h0_WhgctGXI-00377-00177594-00178011 these operations are necessary to ensure the robustness h0_WhgctGXI-00378-00178302-00178719 of the trust network that blockchain operations implement h0_WhgctGXI-00379-00178906-00179322 and to make it impossible to falsify the transactions, h0_WhgctGXI-00380-00179498-00179874 and to falsify the operations over this network, h0_WhgctGXI-00381-00179874-00180291 to make it computationally unfeasible through the effort h0_WhgctGXI-00382-00180511-00180841 expending in the cryptographic operations h0_WhgctGXI-00383-00180841-00181116 across all those who participate. h0_WhgctGXI-00384-00181348-00181756 And so Neuromation actually put the two together. h0_WhgctGXI-00385-00182046-00182538 Neurommation says there is this challenge of democratizing h0_WhgctGXI-00386-00182538-00182955 access to the powerful approaches of neural networks h0_WhgctGXI-00387-00183051-00183459 and deep learning and artificial intelligence on one hand h0_WhgctGXI-00388-00183459-00183792 that synthetic data created through GPUs h0_WhgctGXI-00389-00184028-00184452 and on the other hand they observe here is this h0_WhgctGXI-00390-00184452-00184794 widely available hardware network of GPUs h0_WhgctGXI-00391-00185305-00185619 deployed for blockchain operations, h0_WhgctGXI-00392-00185619-00185812 and they put the two together. h0_WhgctGXI-00393-00185812-00186088 So describe a little bit how that works h0_WhgctGXI-00394-00186088-00186321 and why is that so powerful? h0_WhgctGXI-00395-00186422-00186839 - So it's quite remarkable that everything that's involving h0_WhgctGXI-00396-00187699-00188066 what in my mind the next breakthrough in AI, h0_WhgctGXI-00397-00188217-00188633 mainly the training of deep neural networks, as well h0_WhgctGXI-00398-00188879-00189198 as creating data for creating data for training h0_WhgctGXI-00399-00189198-00189615 these neural networks can be done on identical hardware. h0_WhgctGXI-00400-00189802-00190219 So in the past you had to have some crazed supercomputer h0_WhgctGXI-00401-00190346-00190653 that would do your modeling, then you would have to have h0_WhgctGXI-00402-00190653-00190875 your graphics render forms that are made h0_WhgctGXI-00403-00190875-00191288 of entirely different hardware to create the data h0_WhgctGXI-00404-00191288-00191722 for simulations and then you have to put them together. h0_WhgctGXI-00405-00191722-00192136 Nowadays it's very interesting that on a single GPU h0_WhgctGXI-00406-00192136-00192553 you can both create the data for training and train. h0_WhgctGXI-00407-00192720-00193051 So to sort of add to the coincidence, h0_WhgctGXI-00408-00193051-00193426 there's been this explosion of cryptocurrency h0_WhgctGXI-00409-00193521-00193796 mining that also uses these GPUs. h0_WhgctGXI-00410-00194319-00194736 After this cryptocurrency craze has kind of settled down h0_WhgctGXI-00411-00194862-00195279 people are starting to realize that the biggest flaw h0_WhgctGXI-00412-00195436-00195795 in this whole design, in the mining process h0_WhgctGXI-00413-00195947-00196410 people have to perform significant amount of computation, h0_WhgctGXI-00414-00196410-00196788 however, at the end of the computing process h0_WhgctGXI-00415-00196788-00197174 they get rewarded with their Bitcoins h0_WhgctGXI-00416-00197174-00197583 or other cryptocurrencies, but in fact the result h0_WhgctGXI-00417-00197670-00198065 of computation is completely discarded and thrown away. h0_WhgctGXI-00418-00198065-00198363 It's almost like you go and learn French h0_WhgctGXI-00419-00198363-00198780 and then at end of it you get a piece of chocolate h0_WhgctGXI-00420-00198948-00199274 but everything you learned is completely forgotten. h0_WhgctGXI-00421-00199274-00199450 So it seems kind of a waste. h0_WhgctGXI-00422-00199450-00199866 So the idea behind Neuromation is that instead of mining h0_WhgctGXI-00423-00200205-00200698 just for the sake of getting a key to get more Bitcoins h0_WhgctGXI-00424-00200698-00201106 or other cryptocurrencies, you mine by the virtue h0_WhgctGXI-00425-00201548-00201912 of solving an actual AI task, whether it's training h0_WhgctGXI-00426-00201912-00202312 a deep neural network or creating synthetic data h0_WhgctGXI-00427-00202478-00202830 for training these neural networks, and at the end h0_WhgctGXI-00428-00202830-00203243 of the day you still get your cryptocurrency but the result h0_WhgctGXI-00429-00203243-00203519 of your computation is actually something useful h0_WhgctGXI-00430-00203519-00203829 that can be applied further down the chain h0_WhgctGXI-00431-00203829-00204009 for some practical application. h0_WhgctGXI-00432-00204009-00204426 - This is a bit similar to how those squiggly puzzles h0_WhgctGXI-00433-00204719-00205031 that are often displayed when you set up a new account h0_WhgctGXI-00434-00205031-00205423 on an online platform, not only try to keep out h0_WhgctGXI-00435-00205839-00206256 scammers and spammers but when you look at the details, h0_WhgctGXI-00436-00206488-00206874 and for example this system is reCAPTCHA, h0_WhgctGXI-00437-00206874-00207291 it turns out that the process of verifying that you h0_WhgctGXI-00438-00207418-00207708 are human because you are able to recognize h0_WhgctGXI-00439-00207708-00208013 the words that are displayed, h0_WhgctGXI-00440-00208013-00208320 you are actually digitizing books, h0_WhgctGXI-00441-00208320-00208662 or solving other types of labeling tasks. h0_WhgctGXI-00442-00208831-00209223 So practically the same way as this uses humans h0_WhgctGXI-00443-00209797-00210152 who need to solve a task, but a task rather h0_WhgctGXI-00444-00210152-00210444 than been useless, it's a useful task, h0_WhgctGXI-00445-00210444-00210861 similarly Neuromation uses the computational power h0_WhgctGXI-00446-00211114-00211530 of the blockchain planetary computer to solve tasks h0_WhgctGXI-00447-00211718-00212159 that are needed for the crytographic network to be secure, h0_WhgctGXI-00448-00212159-00212577 but rather than applying that power to solve useless tasks h0_WhgctGXI-00449-00212577-00212988 it is applying that power to build knowledge, h0_WhgctGXI-00450-00212988-00213209 to build useful computation. h0_WhgctGXI-00451-00213209-00213497 - That's absolutely right. h0_WhgctGXI-00452-00213497-00213831 I think of this paradigm that's similar, h0_WhgctGXI-00453-00214011-00214282 remember back in the 90s there was this project h0_WhgctGXI-00454-00214282-00214569 called SETI@home where people were trying h0_WhgctGXI-00455-00214569-00214820 to look for extraterrestrial activity h0_WhgctGXI-00456-00214820-00215206 and they didn't have a single computer to do all the work, h0_WhgctGXI-00457-00215206-00215531 so they tried to spread this out across h0_WhgctGXI-00458-00215711-00215993 all the PCs that were available in the world, h0_WhgctGXI-00459-00215993-00216273 but then you would just get bragging rights, h0_WhgctGXI-00460-00216273-00216600 saying that you helped find E.T., h0_WhgctGXI-00461-00216600-00216943 and that was a reward in itself. h0_WhgctGXI-00462-00216943-00217437 Now with the presence of blockchain and cryptocurrency h0_WhgctGXI-00463-00217437-00217821 it's become very natural to spread computation h0_WhgctGXI-00464-00218385-00218710 across all the owners and users of GPUs h0_WhgctGXI-00465-00219091-00219416 to be able to do these method processes h0_WhgctGXI-00466-00219749-00220165 and that's why I think this notion of democratizing h0_WhgctGXI-00467-00220317-00220650 AI is a good description of Neuromation, h0_WhgctGXI-00468-00220841-00221193 because at the highest level it is really that. h0_WhgctGXI-00469-00221193-00221482 It provides people with an opportunity h0_WhgctGXI-00470-00221482-00221898 to a, gather training data by the virtue of synthesizing it h0_WhgctGXI-00471-00222334-00222634 and b, to train deep neural networks h0_WhgctGXI-00472-00222840-00223157 on the highly required GPU processors. h0_WhgctGXI-00473-00223646-00223948 These things are abundant in the world as you said h0_WhgctGXI-00474-00223948-00224339 for miners, gamers, and general public overall, h0_WhgctGXI-00475-00224795-00225212 but the standard mode of operation is you are Google, h0_WhgctGXI-00476-00225558-00225905 or Facebook, or Amazon, you go and build a ginormous h0_WhgctGXI-00477-00225905-00226183 warehouse with these GPUs and that's the way, h0_WhgctGXI-00478-00226183-00226555 why you succeed, you often hear of conferences, h0_WhgctGXI-00479-00226555-00226972 engineers from Google present some scientific result h0_WhgctGXI-00480-00227136-00227503 and they say, we spent enough enough energy h0_WhgctGXI-00481-00227503-00227764 on these GPU data centers that would power h0_WhgctGXI-00482-00227764-00228123 5,000 single-family homes for three months. h0_WhgctGXI-00483-00228219-00228475 On one hand they get some 3% improvement h0_WhgctGXI-00484-00228475-00228799 on this ImageNet data set, but in the reality h0_WhgctGXI-00485-00228799-00229124 it's a, a tremendously unfair advantage h0_WhgctGXI-00486-00229238-00229655 to the smaller players, and b, it's a ridiculously h0_WhgctGXI-00487-00229806-00230081 irresponsible way to waste energy h0_WhgctGXI-00488-00230335-00230752 that be conserved otherwise, but through this democratized h0_WhgctGXI-00489-00230840-00231215 approach of this decentralized model training h0_WhgctGXI-00490-00231413-00231830 and synthetic data generation I think these limitations h0_WhgctGXI-00491-00231955-00232290 hopefully will soon vanish and everybody else h0_WhgctGXI-00492-00232290-00232707 will be able to achieve the same results as the big guys. h0_WhgctGXI-00493-00232820-00233237 - So Andrew, thank you very much for this conversation. h0_WhgctGXI-00494-00233369-00233786 Certainly your work in the field of artificial intelligence h0_WhgctGXI-00495-00234096-00234438 and deep learning is of great inspiration h0_WhgctGXI-00496-00234559-00235058 and we both are very excited and are looking forward h0_WhgctGXI-00497-00235058-00235448 for Neuromation to build and deliver their platform h0_WhgctGXI-00498-00235448-00235867 so that access to the advanced tools of AI h0_WhgctGXI-00499-00235867-00236267 can be democratized, because we all love and use h0_WhgctGXI-00500-00236480-00236897 Google, Facebook, and the tools that large corporations h0_WhgctGXI-00501-00237113-00237422 make available, but even they realize h0_WhgctGXI-00502-00237523-00237893 that talent is everywhere, creativity is everywhere, h0_WhgctGXI-00503-00237893-00238310 and we do need to empower those groups all around the world h0_WhgctGXI-00504-00238398-00238723 to express their ideas and that is what h0_WhgctGXI-00505-00238911-00239284 I am personally looking forward to see soon. h0_WhgctGXI-00506-00239284-00239619 Thank you very much for the conversation today. h0_WhgctGXI-00507-00239619-00240099 - Thank you, I'm very excited about seeing Neuromation h0_WhgctGXI-00508-00240099-00240516 make these strides forward and are very passionate h0_WhgctGXI-00509-00240797-00241256 about making these tools available to large masses, h0_WhgctGXI-00510-00241256-00241656 because I think only through large participation h0_WhgctGXI-00511-00241845-00242074 from around the world will we be able h0_WhgctGXI-00512-00242074-00242491 to make next leaps in AI and intelligence overrall. h9M0nh9dIC4-00000-00000326-00000988 Critical thinking in science. About models in chemistry h9M0nh9dIC4-00001-00000994-00001344 What are models in chemistry? h9M0nh9dIC4-00002-00001352-00001764 The notion of model is very broad, and if we ask what is meant by it in chemistry, h9M0nh9dIC4-00003-00001764-00002306 models are used both for the description of the objects and processes. h9M0nh9dIC4-00004-00002306-00002768 Look at the very simple chemical model such as chemical formula. h9M0nh9dIC4-00005-00002790-00003352 Nobody believes that there are single atoms connected with a thread. h9M0nh9dIC4-00006-00003418-00004244 Actually, we imagine that a molecule of a substance consists of different atoms and we can write it down, h9M0nh9dIC4-00007-00004244-00004866 as you have learned in a high-school course, this is the model of a molecule. h9M0nh9dIC4-00008-00004894-00005744 When we turn to processes, it becomes much more complicated as the processes are all dynamic. h9M0nh9dIC4-00009-00005812-00007064 We apply both mathematical modelling as well as physical models. h9M0nh9dIC4-00010-00007104-00007494 What is the role of a model? h9M0nh9dIC4-00011-00007494-00008382 When we think what a model really is for, it is a simplification of a complicated research object. h9M0nh9dIC4-00012-00008442-00009382 Currently we are not capable of understanding everything, h9M0nh9dIC4-00013-00009382-00009722 so we need simplified descriptions of the complicated things. h9M0nh9dIC4-00014-00009758-00010406 We take one or another aspect of the object that we can describe h9M0nh9dIC4-00015-00010406-00010664 and on the basis of these characterisations we construct a model. h9M0nh9dIC4-00016-00010732-00011316 We know particular processes and those familiar to us are included in the model. h9M0nh9dIC4-00017-00011438-00012110 Regarding chemical kinetics, that is processes and their varying speed, h9M0nh9dIC4-00018-00012110-00012418 the model enables us to describe when we reach the end stadium of the process. h9M0nh9dIC4-00019-00012418-00012897 The model describes the processes we understand. h9M0nh9dIC4-00020-00012897-00013308 In our field, we use a lot of enzyme-kinetics, h9M0nh9dIC4-00021-00013308-00014176 this embraces all the processes in living nature catalysed by enzymes. h9M0nh9dIC4-00022-00014250-00014522 These mechanisms are very diverse. h9M0nh9dIC4-00023-00014538-00014900 When we attempt to describe the processes, h9M0nh9dIC4-00024-00014900-00015432 we take particular causal mechanisms and try to join them together. h9M0nh9dIC4-00025-00015484-00015719 This is mathematical modelling. h9M0nh9dIC4-00026-00015722-00016347 In chemistry, we have two kinds of models, one kind is describing the object, the other is for the processes. h9M0nh9dIC4-00027-00016408-00017044 How do you understand models and modelling in the case of biosensors? h9M0nh9dIC4-00028-00017070-00017556 My narrow research area is bio-analytical chemistry and we are working on biosensors. h9M0nh9dIC4-00029-00017606-00017840 What is a biosensor? h9M0nh9dIC4-00030-00017852-00018300 It is so-to-say an artificial dog nose. h9M0nh9dIC4-00031-00018336-00019172 This is a bio-analytical equipment that enables us to detect the concentrations of various substances. h9M0nh9dIC4-00032-00019214-00019432 We do not need to purify the solutions we investigate, h9M0nh9dIC4-00033-00019432-00019640 neither need we raise the concentration of some component in the solution, h9M0nh9dIC4-00034-00019640-00020558 we can simply put the device into lake water and see the amount of a pathogen, or some chemical compounds. h9M0nh9dIC4-00035-00020606-00020908 The device is selective and sensitive to particular substances h9M0nh9dIC4-00036-00020908-00021212 and able to recognize it in the mixture of different substances. h9M0nh9dIC4-00037-00021274-00022160 In our laboratory we try to model the processes mathematically. h9M0nh9dIC4-00038-00022188-00022624 We are interested to see what processes occur in parallel to each other. h9M0nh9dIC4-00039-00022678-00023170 We are interested in learning how the signal of the biosensor emerges. h9M0nh9dIC4-00040-00023200-00024116 If we construct the model, we can describe the signal during different moments of time. h9M0nh9dIC4-00041-00024140-00025262 We can, of course, wait until the end of all the processes, the equilibrium, h9M0nh9dIC4-00042-00025262-00025560 but who wants to wait for hours in analytic chemistry! h9M0nh9dIC4-00043-00025560-00026276 If we succeed in creating a good mathematical model, we get the results in minutes. h9M0nh9dIC4-00044-00026324-00027108 We have several kinetic models that have been studied before, we know how the equilibrium is reached. h9M0nh9dIC4-00045-00027154-00027820 On the other hand, we have to take into account the properties of different measurement devices. h9M0nh9dIC4-00046-00027820-00028414 For instance, whether the signal emerges immediately or after a delay. h9M0nh9dIC4-00047-00028498-00029066 When we join all these processes, this could be called modelling the device. h9M0nh9dIC4-00048-00029126-00029627 When the model is complete and it is working, we check it in the experiments, h9M0nh9dIC4-00049-00029627-00030198 we can get the answers in four minutes instead of the preliminary four hours. h9M0nh9dIC4-00050-00030262-00031383 And this is the practical value of the models. h9M0nh9dIC4-00051-00031442-00031882 Practical outcome. h9M0nh9dIC4-00052-00031898-00032639 Thanks to the modelling, we can make efficient devices. h9M0nh9dIC4-00053-00032702-00033050 A simple example is glucometer. h9M0nh9dIC4-00054-00033096-00033712 Nobody would like to wait for five hours for the result. h9M0nh9dIC4-00055-00033760-00034474 Modelling makes it much faster. h9M0nh9dIC4-00056-00034516-00035116 That means, we are chemically at the beginning of the process but we can already calculate the end signal h9M0nh9dIC4-00057-00035116-00035696 and that means, the amount of the substances in the mixture, on the basis of the model. h9M0nh9dIC4-00058-00035746-00036402 How do we learn via model construction? How do we obtain new knowledge? h9M0nh9dIC4-00059-00036410-00037176 This is debatable. h9M0nh9dIC4-00060-00037232-00037574 Constructing a model is based on the existing knowledge that I have. h9M0nh9dIC4-00061-00037622-00038264 I can’t construct a model that would exceed the area of my knowledge. h9M0nh9dIC4-00062-00038282-00039050 Model I construct depends on my existing knowledge of the object. h9M0nh9dIC4-00063-00039108-00041956 And if I have to evaluate the model and assess whether it predicts correctly, we may end in a vicious circle. h9M0nh9dIC4-00064-00042096-00043422 When I make the model, it would also yield true results, as it is based on what I regard as true. h9M0nh9dIC4-00065-00043488-00043960 How do our understandings change? h9M0nh9dIC4-00066-00043998-00044542 I am a materialist and I think that the criterion of truth is practice. h9M0nh9dIC4-00067-00044574-00045498 If I make a model which does not work, we try to improve it somehow. h9M0nh9dIC4-00068-00045528-00046720 Usually, our initial models are much more complicated than the ones at the end of the work. h9M0nh9dIC4-00069-00046752-00047278 Simple models, simple systems work better. h9M0nh9dIC4-00070-00047278-00048100 Purely mathematically, the more we add descriptors and variables, h9M0nh9dIC4-00071-00048100-00048742 that on the one hand make the model more precise, on the other they increase randomness, h9M0nh9dIC4-00072-00048754-00050114 so a good model contains less variables. h9M0nh9dIC4-00073-00050242-00051512 In computational chemistry we don’t do experiments, we calculate, h9M0nh9dIC4-00074-00051512-00054248 we take parameters, the descriptors, various properties and we calculate different properties of the product. h9M0nh9dIC4-00075-00054272-00054914 When we check large databases with thousands of substances, h9M0nh9dIC4-00076-00054914-00056402 many descriptors can be abandoned as redundant and the models eventually become rather simple. h9M0nh9dIC4-00077-00056467-00057090 Comparison of chemistry models with those in physics and biology. h9M0nh9dIC4-00078-00057124-00058200 My training is in chemistry, but in my research, I encounter physics, medicine, biology, mathematics. h9M0nh9dIC4-00079-00058244-00059152 It is difficult to draw a demarcation line between the disciplines. h9M0nh9dIC4-00080-00059152-00059850 The laws of physics apply also to other areas. h9M0nh9dIC4-00081-00059896-00060972 In the case of models, the difference is in complexity of the models. h9M0nh9dIC4-00082-00061032-00061398 It is widely held that physical models are the basis of everything, h9M0nh9dIC4-00083-00061398-00062552 but the more towards living systems one goes, the more complicated the models are. h9M0nh9dIC4-00084-00062604-00063182 Physics deals with certain particles that they can describe well in the models, h9M0nh9dIC4-00085-00063200-00063558 in chemistry we have large molecules that are much more difficult to model, h9M0nh9dIC4-00086-00063558-00064090 and in living organisms in biology – these are even more complicated, and we can’t really describe them. h9M0nh9dIC4-00087-00064090-00064654 We are not able to model the simplest bacterial cell – h9M0nh9dIC4-00088-00064654-00065904 what processes occur therein, there are thousands of chemical reactions running in parallel. h9M0nh9dIC4-00089-00065906-00068594 What effect they have on each other, what conditions are needed, it is so very complicated! hqhDQntyJqU-00002-00000946-00001646 Today's world is dominated by technology hqhDQntyJqU-00003-00001646-00001964 Many students live their lives on the smartphones hqhDQntyJqU-00004-00001964-00002331 testing and messaging their friends on Facebook; sending pictures of hqhDQntyJqU-00005-00002331-00002984 good times and the not so good ones; communication is getting easier and hqhDQntyJqU-00006-00002984-00003061 faster hqhDQntyJqU-00007-00003061-00003404 and when students are writing to their teachers, they sometimes forget hqhDQntyJqU-00008-00003404-00003736 that there are things that they need to consider hqhDQntyJqU-00009-00003736-00004071 Here, Joey's writing an email to her instructor Peter Bramley hqhDQntyJqU-00010-00004071-00004533 She's been sick, and missed her class, and she doesn't want her attendance record affected hqhDQntyJqU-00011-00004533-00004930 She also doesn't want to miss out on anything important; let's see how she hqhDQntyJqU-00012-00004930-00005210 gets on hqhDQntyJqU-00013-00005210-00005348 Now, let me attend to some hqhDQntyJqU-00014-00005348-00005854 of my emails hqhDQntyJqU-00015-00005854-00006279 "Your student" hqhDQntyJqU-00016-00006279-00006656 "I am sorry that I wasn't in class last week" hqhDQntyJqU-00017-00006656-00007128 "I was ill and I can prove it" hqhDQntyJqU-00018-00007128-00007488 "Please tell me the content of the lesson" hqhDQntyJqU-00019-00007488-00007920 "ASAP" hqhDQntyJqU-00020-00007920-00008261 "I am so worried. Thank you" hqhDQntyJqU-00021-00008261-00008583 As you can see hqhDQntyJqU-00022-00008583-00009043 Mr bramley's confused and irritated by the email; he doesn't know who it's from hqhDQntyJqU-00023-00009043-00009442 the content is unclear, and the tone is rude; all in all hqhDQntyJqU-00024-00009442-00009785 it is a very ineffective email that neither achieves its intention hqhDQntyJqU-00025-00009785-00010178 nor leaves Mr Bramley with a good impression. There are a number of simple hqhDQntyJqU-00026-00010178-00010333 things that you need to consider hqhDQntyJqU-00027-00010333-00010660 when writing emails to faculty members; let's take a look hqhDQntyJqU-00028-00010660-00011009 First of all, consider your email address hqhDQntyJqU-00029-00011009-00011364 The email address you use will create an impression hqhDQntyJqU-00030-00011364-00012013 If you're writing to a faculty member your advised to use your PolyU account hqhDQntyJqU-00031-00012013-00012402 Second, pay attention to the greeting; in general hqhDQntyJqU-00032-00012402-00012825 use "Dear", followed by the family name of the person you are writing to hqhDQntyJqU-00033-00012825-00013205 plus the correct title; if your teacher is a lady hqhDQntyJqU-00034-00013205-00013561 and you don't know her marital status use "Ms." hqhDQntyJqU-00035-00013561-00013941 usually we use "Professor" only if the recipient hqhDQntyJqU-00036-00013941-00014341 holds that title, so check this first hqhDQntyJqU-00037-00014341-00014701 Thirdly make sure your subject is clear hqhDQntyJqU-00038-00014701-00015269 Teachers receive lots of emails every day condense the main idea of your email hqhDQntyJqU-00039-00015269-00015653 into a succinct subject, and use a noun phrase hqhDQntyJqU-00040-00015653-00016141 where possible; for example if you are writing to ask for some ideas hqhDQntyJqU-00041-00016141-00016818 for an essay title, you might write "Request for Assistance in Titling my essay hqhDQntyJqU-00042-00016818-00017223 Fourthly consider the content of your email hqhDQntyJqU-00043-00017223-00017578 Establish some good will; remember hqhDQntyJqU-00044-00017578-00018055 that your teacher is a fellow human; it might be appropriate to write hqhDQntyJqU-00045-00018055-00018426 "I hope this email finds you well", or "Thank you for teaching hqhDQntyJqU-00046-00018426-00018766 us this semester"; the key is to be sincere hqhDQntyJqU-00047-00018766-00019098 be clear and concise hqhDQntyJqU-00048-00019098-00019443 avoid mentioning details you think are unnecessary hqhDQntyJqU-00049-00019443-00019801 if you're sick and writing to explain your absence hqhDQntyJqU-00050-00019801-00020103 it might not be necessary to explain your symptoms hqhDQntyJqU-00051-00020103-00020563 however it might be appropriate to mention what the sickness is hqhDQntyJqU-00052-00020563-00020966 refer to any attachments hqhDQntyJqU-00053-00020966-00021289 readers often may not notice hqhDQntyJqU-00054-00021289-00021601 that an email has something attached, so in the email hqhDQntyJqU-00055-00021601-00022051 you should refer them to the attachment; attaching the file hqhDQntyJqU-00056-00022051-00022406 before you type in anything is also a good way to ensure hqhDQntyJqU-00057-00022406-00022984 that you have attached what you intended; avoid excessive punctuation hqhDQntyJqU-00058-00022984-00023376 exclamation marks, smiley faces etc. hqhDQntyJqU-00059-00023376-00023781 are best avoided since sending an email to your teacher requires a relatively hqhDQntyJqU-00060-00023781-00023954 formal tone hqhDQntyJqU-00061-00023954-00024384 avoid typing your message in capital letters; this can appear like you are hqhDQntyJqU-00062-00024384-00024448 shouting hqhDQntyJqU-00063-00024448-00025081 and is considered very disrespectful; consider an ending to establish goodwill hqhDQntyJqU-00064-00025081-00025393 you want to finish on a positive and pleasant note hqhDQntyJqU-00065-00025393-00025820 I look forward to seeing you soon would often be appropriate hqhDQntyJqU-00066-00025820-00026258 if a future class is coming hqhDQntyJqU-00067-00026258-00026727 Finally, include an appropriate ending; you can use "Best regards" or hqhDQntyJqU-00068-00026727-00027159 "Kind regards" here; "sincerely" would be best reserved for longer hqhDQntyJqU-00069-00027159-00027519 or more formal emails. Include the following at the end: hqhDQntyJqU-00070-00027519-00027975 your full name and English name if applicable hqhDQntyJqU-00071-00027975-00028527 your course code; your class day hqhDQntyJqU-00072-00028527-00028844 and time; e.g. Monday 2:30 to 4:30 hqhDQntyJqU-00073-00028844-00029189 when you've finished your email hqhDQntyJqU-00074-00029189-00029591 remember to proofread it before you send; you will be judged hqhDQntyJqU-00075-00029591-00029977 on your email, so try to spot any mistakes you've made hqhDQntyJqU-00076-00029977-00030456 and check attachments before you send; it's also a good idea hqhDQntyJqU-00077-00030456-00030941 not to send an email when you're angry or emotional, but to wait hqhDQntyJqU-00078-00030941-00031421 until you've calmed down. So let's put these rules into action with Mr. hqhDQntyJqU-00079-00031421-00031753 Bramley's student. "Dear Mr Bramley" hqhDQntyJqU-00080-00031753-00032070 "I hope this email finds you well" hqhDQntyJqU-00081-00032070-00032480 "I'm writing to explain my absence from class on March 2nd" hqhDQntyJqU-00082-00032480-00032928 "which was due to an upper respiratory tract infection" hqhDQntyJqU-00083-00032928-00033255 I have attached a medical certificate with this email" hqhDQntyJqU-00084-00033255-00033639 "I will find out from my classmates what I have missed" hqhDQntyJqU-00085-00033639-00034141 "and ensure that I study it. I look forward to seeing you next class" hqhDQntyJqU-00086-00034141-00034495 "Kind regards, Joey Chan" hqhDQntyJqU-00087-00034788-00035191 So, how's Joey's email this time? Clear, precise hqhDQntyJqU-00088-00035191-00035596 polite and effective. Her attendance record will remain intact hqhDQntyJqU-00089-00035596-00036128 and she'll leave a good impression. By following these simple practices hqhDQntyJqU-00090-00036128-00036509 next time you email the teacher you can ensure that you get your message across hqhDQntyJqU-00091-00036509-00036934 and sharpen your communication skills for success both at University hqhDQntyJqU-00092-00036934-00037077 and in your future workplace hsuCHTMwAVc-00000-00000137-00000878 hi this is Tripp and welcome to my channel we're having another ASMR hsuCHTMwAVc-00001-00000878-00001557 fast-food review after having a very nice day all of you and I appreciate you hsuCHTMwAVc-00002-00001557-00002247 watching and subscribing and I hope you'll like the video and feel free to hsuCHTMwAVc-00003-00002247-00003342 comment I love comments and right now at least I answer all of them so today I hsuCHTMwAVc-00004-00003342-00003885 want to talk about tea about this new sandwich from McDonald's it's called the hsuCHTMwAVc-00005-00003885-00004457 spicy barbeque chicken sandwich I guess that'll be another challenge to Popeyes hsuCHTMwAVc-00006-00004457-00005169 and chick-fil-a perhaps this is their answer to to the sensation around the hsuCHTMwAVc-00007-00005169-00006340 the Popeyes spicy sandwich so I went to McDonald's in right all right ordered hsuCHTMwAVc-00008-00006340-00006923 they told me I could had the sauce on the side which is great I waited about hsuCHTMwAVc-00009-00006923-00007479 10 minutes for it I thought that was kind of a long time to wait I just stood hsuCHTMwAVc-00010-00007479-00007956 there I kind of get that little dance like bad looking around I tried not to hsuCHTMwAVc-00011-00007956-00008918 be too too obvious arms folded like a cup of other folks but that's what was hsuCHTMwAVc-00012-00008918-00009242 kind of confrontation hsuCHTMwAVc-00013-00009331-00010411 they work really hard so anyway I'm talking too much as usual spilling tarp hsuCHTMwAVc-00014-00010411-00013351 our food transport pod here kind of a strong spicy smell already I asked for hsuCHTMwAVc-00015-00013351-00015870 sauce on the side I'll be back to the doctor I've been diagnosed with a viral hsuCHTMwAVc-00016-00015870-00017145 on guide us but it's all going to be good thanks Ray's good okay okay hsuCHTMwAVc-00017-00017340-00017847 I feel good about this sandwich because it doesn't have a bunch of nests on it hsuCHTMwAVc-00018-00017847-00018498 like ketchup and mayonnaise or cheese and you normally wouldn't honor a hsuCHTMwAVc-00019-00018498-00019504 barbecue sandwich so here's the here's the container it says is a limited-time hsuCHTMwAVc-00020-00021494-00022143 new spicy chicken sandwich and I also came out with that with a spicy barbecue hsuCHTMwAVc-00021-00022143-00022982 glaze tenders and they were announced I think back in July or so in family hsuCHTMwAVc-00022-00022982-00023729 they've been appearing somewhere in the country I saw a review about one they're hsuCHTMwAVc-00023-00023729-00024231 available at participating locations across the country starting September hsuCHTMwAVc-00024-00024231-00024950 the 11th for a limited time or the days only I think that the 8th of the night hsuCHTMwAVc-00025-00024950-00025862 and they had them locally let's take a look at it hsuCHTMwAVc-00026-00025983-00027066 I did feel pretty good about this sandwich somewhere in here hsuCHTMwAVc-00027-00027066-00029461 these are slivered onions - OH - I know you depend on me now use their napkins hsuCHTMwAVc-00028-00029461-00030669 this time you should have some nice ice water here put a little ice cubes hsuCHTMwAVc-00029-00030669-00031101 because this is going to be a hard one I think hsuCHTMwAVc-00030-00033030-00034069 just picture step then with this sauce on here first a little taste test I'll hsuCHTMwAVc-00031-00034069-00034549 let you look at it first I put the nice young lady put this sauce hsuCHTMwAVc-00032-00034549-00037009 for me look at it I imagine those people think the more sauce the merrier and I hsuCHTMwAVc-00033-00037009-00037825 understand that heat the heat is in the sauce let's show you that I'll show you hsuCHTMwAVc-00034-00037825-00038599 this thing here there's our nice chicken kind of breaded the slivered onions hsuCHTMwAVc-00035-00038599-00039297 cooked up in little pieces kind of little pickles hsuCHTMwAVc-00036-00040136-00041600 nothing at the bottom whenever we have our sesame seed bun if I'm not back in hsuCHTMwAVc-00037-00041600-00042034 five minutes leave without me hsuCHTMwAVc-00038-00045238-00046169 I'm not tasting that sauce too much stop interested a little bit more I'm sure hsuCHTMwAVc-00039-00046169-00046822 they doused this thing pretty good my sauce probably and I really like that hsuCHTMwAVc-00040-00046822-00047422 when you have too much sauce it just kill off the taste of things hsuCHTMwAVc-00041-00050212-00052589 let's get fresh onions nice a nice aftertaste I can wish a bit more of this hsuCHTMwAVc-00042-00052589-00053144 more of the spice in the in the batter but I'm not gonna cover with it I'm very hsuCHTMwAVc-00043-00053144-00053446 happy with this sandwich hsuCHTMwAVc-00044-00055509-00056599 what we have here is no it's a crispy butter mild sorry I can't read my hsuCHTMwAVc-00045-00056599-00057574 bedroom pill all white chicken fillet topped with pickles slivered onions and hsuCHTMwAVc-00046-00057574-00058396 I wrote silvered slivered onions and kind of a smoky barbecue glaze it's sort hsuCHTMwAVc-00047-00058396-00059137 of smoky and sweet I think with it maybe a little hell of Pinot taste but it's hsuCHTMwAVc-00048-00059137-00059637 not so terribly hard a lot of people fix hsuCHTMwAVc-00049-00059780-00060305 restaurants fix things that makes them too hard hsuCHTMwAVc-00050-00060963-00062761 I'll show you a cross-section I can divide this properly now you can see it hsuCHTMwAVc-00051-00062761-00062979 better hsuCHTMwAVc-00052-00063078-00063919 the system a seed bun nice a breaded chicken and we had the sauce inside a hsuCHTMwAVc-00053-00063919-00064704 little bit added and I already showed you the pickles and onions hsuCHTMwAVc-00054-00066482-00066854 thumbs up on this one hsuCHTMwAVc-00055-00068322-00068763 and they're happy with this sandwich hsuCHTMwAVc-00056-00071244-00072219 it's a good fresh onions and pickles I think they were hsuCHTMwAVc-00057-00072810-00074922 I really appreciated that the young lady putting the sauce on the side I didn't hsuCHTMwAVc-00058-00074922-00075306 really think it was an option I think I just came all mixed in hsuCHTMwAVc-00059-00075306-00076170 when gooey messy pop no apparently at least they were able to - let me put the hsuCHTMwAVc-00060-00076170-00076502 manna sauce I knew that I wanted hsuCHTMwAVc-00061-00079080-00080344 I don't understand why it took them so long down maybe I just don't know I hsuCHTMwAVc-00062-00080344-00080948 maybe had to do with putting a sauce on the side that's all right don't mind hsuCHTMwAVc-00063-00080948-00081179 waiting hsuCHTMwAVc-00064-00082799-00083109 I'm going to finish this one on my own time hsuCHTMwAVc-00065-00083109-00083931 I don't hold you up thank you so much for having Peppa to lunch with me and I hsuCHTMwAVc-00066-00083931-00084330 really didn't need this is these ice cubes in this water I could thought I hsuCHTMwAVc-00067-00084330-00085056 would it's it's a nice spicy taste but it's not overpowering their course hsuCHTMwAVc-00068-00085056-00085820 that's because I was able to decide to put how much I saw something I wanted to hsuCHTMwAVc-00069-00086527-00086975 been watching my last few videos I've been figuring out this Bluetooth thing hsuCHTMwAVc-00070-00086975-00087807 let's see if I finally figured it out how to turn this thing off it's not hsuCHTMwAVc-00071-00087807-00088466 going to say so long and I look forward to seeing you again hsuCHTMwAVc-00072-00089382-00090260 take three take four huHGELrWEK0-00000-00001793-00002287 Amazing all the human heart can hold, or words express. I write in precise metaphors that huHGELrWEK0-00001-00002287-00002836 live within my chest. Adjusting all experience, impressive and delirious. We grasp the challenges huHGELrWEK0-00002-00002836-00003329 and get frustrated or get curious. We're merely just collections of dust that comes from stars. huHGELrWEK0-00003-00003329-00003878 A supernova's death produce the matter that you are. And what matters is you are, whatever huHGELrWEK0-00004-00003878-00004380 that you is. That's much more binding than dividing everyone that lives. Inclusiveness huHGELrWEK0-00005-00004380-00004753 to otherness. The truth is that my brother is the other part of me, his blood flows through huHGELrWEK0-00006-00004753-00005244 my arteries, pumps through my veins, moves through my heart. We stumble through this puzzle huHGELrWEK0-00007-00005244-00005794 I find peace in my part. Death is like stars, and dark is like sparks, so write the write huHGELrWEK0-00008-00005794-00006301 thoughts, ignite the last laws like my grandmother, grandma Todd, or grandpa Stern. I test is huHGELrWEK0-00009-00006301-00006739 finding how to past on all that we have learned. Each time the Earth is turned, hemisphere huHGELrWEK0-00010-00006739-00007313 cast in darkness. Sun rose again, we grow without by going in define progress. One step huHGELrWEK0-00011-00007313-00007822 in is the beginning of the marches. Life's the journey of a thousand steps. We've all huHGELrWEK0-00012-00007822-00008286 broken down and wept, and triumph raise fist. Secretly embrace the mystery, and chase our huHGELrWEK0-00013-00008286-00008767 greatest wish, and this is our greatest gift. The chance to bear witness to existence. Life huHGELrWEK0-00014-00008767-00009217 is like a light to he who lives it, and I'm large! hvx19xojVZu-00000-00000005-00001053 Hello. Welcome to the instructions for Module 11. Module 11 will be focusing on hvx19xojVZu-00001-00001053-00001925 the chapter of personality and before I talk to you a bit about personality hvx19xojVZu-00002-00001925-00002843 let's look back at what we need to do for Module 11. So Module 11 corresponds hvx19xojVZu-00003-00002843-00003565 to Chapter 11 of your OER. Be sure to carefully read Chapter 11 and to also hvx19xojVZu-00004-00003565-00004255 carefully review your PowerPoint slides that are associated with Chapter 11. You hvx19xojVZu-00005-00004255-00004841 will be completing the usual assignments for the module which include a hvx19xojVZu-00006-00004841-00005691 discussion post and a quiz. This module also contains your Video Response for hvx19xojVZu-00007-00005691-00006947 Unit 3 and you will also be taking Unit 3 Exam in Module 11. As a reminder for hvx19xojVZu-00008-00006947-00007736 Unit 3 exam, you need to go back and review the OER chapters and the hvx19xojVZu-00009-00007736-00008685 powerpoints for Chapters 9 10 and 11. Please remember that your unit exam will hvx19xojVZu-00010-00008685-00009590 cover all three of those chapters. Again watch carefully for the deadlines for hvx19xojVZu-00011-00009590-00010281 each of the assignments. Submitting your work according to the deadlines will hvx19xojVZu-00012-00010281-00011043 help to maximize your score on the assignments. Okay, so let's talk a little hvx19xojVZu-00013-00011043-00011393 bit about personality. hvx19xojVZu-00014-00011450-00011985 There's been a long interest in personality in psychology. As a matter of hvx19xojVZu-00015-00011985-00012659 fact we see early interests in personality going back all the way to hvx19xojVZu-00016-00012659-00013611 philosophy before the field was even founded. The philosophers oftentimes tried hvx19xojVZu-00017-00013611-00014198 to link personality to different structures or fluids of the body. Well hvx19xojVZu-00018-00014198-00014883 since then, psychology entered the picture to try to measure from a hvx19xojVZu-00019-00014883-00015737 scientific standpoint what personality is. You can think about the idea of hvx19xojVZu-00020-00015737-00016325 describing your own personality and maybe even how others would describe you. hvx19xojVZu-00021-00016325-00016863 That's an issue in personality. The difference between the way we see hvx19xojVZu-00022-00016863-00017582 ourselves and the way we're seen by others. Another important issue in hvx19xojVZu-00023-00017582-00018488 personality is where our personality comes from. So for this chapter you will hvx19xojVZu-00024-00018488-00019016 see the important work that's done by the trait psychologists in personality. hvx19xojVZu-00025-00019016-00019657 Here the idea is that there are a common core of traits that can describe hvx19xojVZu-00026-00019657-00020388 individual personality as well as all humans. The trait theorists focus on hvx19xojVZu-00027-00020388-00021007 measurement. This is the idea that we can truly capture who you are based on hvx19xojVZu-00028-00021007-00021813 personality traits. A huge assumption of the trait model is that we're born with hvx19xojVZu-00029-00021813-00022713 specific personalities. On another note, we have psychodynamic theory which also hvx19xojVZu-00030-00022713-00023238 looks at the development of personality. You can think back to all of the hvx19xojVZu-00031-00023238-00023769 different chapters of your OER that have referenced Freud's theory. And the hvx19xojVZu-00032-00023769-00024536 basic assumption of psychodynamic theory is that we go through earlier hvx19xojVZu-00033-00024536-00025182 experiences. These early experiences shape who we are hvx19xojVZu-00034-00025182-00026175 as we're interacting with others and resolving crises. So ask yourself, do you hvx19xojVZu-00035-00026175-00026797 think that you're born with your personality or do you think that you hvx19xojVZu-00036-00026797-00027322 have the personality that you have because of the experiences that you have hvx19xojVZu-00037-00027322-00028100 gone through as an individual? Most psychologists see personality as a hvx19xojVZu-00038-00028100-00028599 combination of both nature and nurture. hvx19xojVZu-00039-00028797-00029613 Okay, so I'm going to wrap it up now and I will see you back in the instructions hvx19xojVZu-00040-00029613-00030000 for Module 11. hyyKgk7s5p0-00000-00000016-00000463 Today in “Surprisingly Connected Etymologies”, we’re taking a look at some birds! hyyKgk7s5p0-00001-00000896-00001448 Just before I get to the birds – if you’re interested in learning more hyyKgk7s5p0-00002-00001448-00001920 about how etymology works, stick around at the end of the video to hear about a hyyKgk7s5p0-00003-00001920-00002296 new public course I’m teaching about the basics of historical linguistics. hyyKgk7s5p0-00004-00002560-00003096 We used to be told that the start of life was when the stork brought us to our parents, hyyKgk7s5p0-00005-00003168-00003688 and funnily enough this is etymologically appropriate, if biologically inaccurate. hyyKgk7s5p0-00006-00003784-00004392 Stork comes through Old English storc from the Proto-Indo-European root *ster- “stiff” hyyKgk7s5p0-00007-00004392-00005064 because of the bird’s stiff movements. This root also leads to Old English styrtan “to start, hyyKgk7s5p0-00008-00005064-00005824 leap up” and Modern English start, as the sense shifted from “stiff” to “move briskly or stiffly” hyyKgk7s5p0-00009-00005824-00006104 to “move suddenly” and eventually “begin to move”. hyyKgk7s5p0-00010-00006168-00006504 A canary and a hound seem like quite different animals, hyyKgk7s5p0-00011-00006504-00007112 and yet etymologically they’re one and the same. Hound, or Old English hund, used to be the hyyKgk7s5p0-00012-00007112-00007792 basic word for “dog”. It comes from the PIE root *kwn-to- , which comes from the base *kwon- “dog”. hyyKgk7s5p0-00013-00007856-00008568 Another derivative of this root *kan-i- leads to Latin canis “dog”. Romans in the 1st century hyyKgk7s5p0-00014-00008568-00009120 found islands off the North West coast of Africa which had on them a particular large breed of dog. hyyKgk7s5p0-00015-00009184-00009696 From the Latin adjective canarius “of dogs” they came to be known as the Canary hyyKgk7s5p0-00016-00009696-00010240 Islands. Later on in the 16th century a particular type of finch also found on hyyKgk7s5p0-00017-00010240-00010744 the Canary Islands was exported to England, and they came to be known as canary birds. hyyKgk7s5p0-00018-00010824-00011128 Trade is also behind our next bird pairing: hyyKgk7s5p0-00019-00011128-00011704 turkey and turquoise. Turkey the bird is in fact named after Turkey the country, hyyKgk7s5p0-00020-00011704-00012176 not because it comes from there but because it was confused with another somewhat similar bird, hyyKgk7s5p0-00021-00012176-00012680 the guinea fowl, that was traded into Europe through the Ottoman Empire and thus became known hyyKgk7s5p0-00022-00012680-00013263 as ‘turkey’ in England. When the bird from the Americas started to be imported, it got lumped hyyKgk7s5p0-00023-00013263-00013919 together with the other ‘foreign’ fowl, and ended up taking over its name. Similarly, most of the hyyKgk7s5p0-00024-00013919-00014519 turquoise that came to Europe did so by way of Turkish trade, hence its name. The country’s name hyyKgk7s5p0-00025-00014519-00015056 itself has disputed and unclear origins, beyond being named after the people known as the Turks. hyyKgk7s5p0-00026-00015144-00015776 A thrush and an ostrich are very different sized birds, but etymologically they’re the same. Thrush hyyKgk7s5p0-00027-00015776-00016504 comes from Old English þrysce, which in turn comes from Proto-Germanic *thruskjon and PIE *trozdo-, hyyKgk7s5p0-00028-00016504-00017104 also referring to the thrush bird. This same root leads to Greek strouthos “thrush”, hyyKgk7s5p0-00029-00017104-00017736 and in one hell of an understatement, megas strouthos, literally “great or big sparrow”, hyyKgk7s5p0-00030-00017736-00018392 referred to the ostrich, which was also known as a strouthokamelos, literally “thrush-camel” hyyKgk7s5p0-00031-00018392-00019024 because of its long camel-like neck. Eventually strouthos on its own came to refer to the ostrich, hyyKgk7s5p0-00032-00019024-00019648 and as it passed through Latin it was combined with avis “bird” leading to Vulgar Latin hyyKgk7s5p0-00033-00019648-00020168 *avistruthius, which became Old French ostrusce and English ostrich. hyyKgk7s5p0-00034-00020256-00020808 Etymologically speaking you should find goose served in a smorgasbord. Goose has a pretty hyyKgk7s5p0-00035-00020808-00021528 straightforward history, from Old English gos, Proto-Germanic *gans-, and PIE *ghans- meaning hyyKgk7s5p0-00036-00021528-00022120 “goose, swan” and is probably imitative of the honking sound the bird makes. Unsurprisingly then, hyyKgk7s5p0-00037-00022120-00022768 Swedish has the word gås “goose”. What is more surprising is the Swedish compound word hyyKgk7s5p0-00038-00022768-00023424 smörgås, which is literally “butter-goose” but is used to mean “slice of bread with butter”. hyyKgk7s5p0-00039-00023424-00024088 The first element smör, related to English smear, is Swedish for “butter” and in this context gås hyyKgk7s5p0-00040-00024088-00024720 means “lump of butter” by way of comparison to goose fat. Smörgåsbord then, with bord hyyKgk7s5p0-00041-00024720-00025392 (related to English board) meaning “table”, came to refer to food served buffet-style, and entered hyyKgk7s5p0-00042-00025392-00025888 English as smorgasbord eventually gaining the figurative sense of “medley, miscellany”. hyyKgk7s5p0-00043-00026008-00026512 Before I end, I have an exciting announcement: I’m going to be teaching a series of short hyyKgk7s5p0-00044-00026512-00027120 online seminars about the basics of etymology and historical linguistics. It’s hosted by Speakeasy hyyKgk7s5p0-00045-00027120-00027504 and I’ll be working through some linguistic puzzles to teach about the tools and methods hyyKgk7s5p0-00046-00027504-00028039 etymologists use to reconstruct the origins of words and the history of English. If that hyyKgk7s5p0-00047-00028039-00028480 sounds like something you’d enjoy, I’d love for you to join me! See the link in the description hyyKgk7s5p0-00048-00028480-00028960 for more information and to register – hope to get to meet some of you in an upcoming class! hyyKgk7s5p0-00049-00029039-00029432 Thanks for watching! This is one in a series of occasional short videos about connected hyyKgk7s5p0-00050-00029432-00030936 etymologies; to see more, you can also follow the Endless Knot on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram. hzmnAQD8JJI-00000-00000000-00000429 so hopefully you guys have seen we kind of did it intro we shared the vision hzmnAQD8JJI-00001-00000429-00000902 through Cornelia and hopefully Kyle shared some really great tidbits hzmnAQD8JJI-00002-00000902-00001404 on you know some of these proof points in action about where GitOps has been hzmnAQD8JJI-00003-00001404-00001748 today and where it's going into the future so we're really excited that we hzmnAQD8JJI-00004-00001748-00002241 have another speaker who also has some of these great proof points and some of hzmnAQD8JJI-00005-00002241-00002622 you might have gotten the teaser doing our community days where it's probably hzmnAQD8JJI-00006-00002622-00003057 one of the community days that we did leading up to this event where we got hzmnAQD8JJI-00007-00003057-00003546 more than any other speaker of capital "AWESOME" in the chats like so many hzmnAQD8JJI-00008-00003546-00003894 questions people are very excited so we really really wanted to have her back I'm hzmnAQD8JJI-00009-00003894-00004341 excited so Javeria will also be here today and tomorrow so Javeria is a hzmnAQD8JJI-00010-00004341-00004803 Senior Site Engineer at Palo Alto Networks but has also has given talks hzmnAQD8JJI-00011-00004803-00005253 about GitOps when she was at Branch so she'll be sharing some of those stories hzmnAQD8JJI-00012-00005253-00005742 here so today is she's got a bit of a prepared talk and we will have some time hzmnAQD8JJI-00013-00005742-00006198 for questions and answers so if you are streaming from YouTube reminder to make hzmnAQD8JJI-00014-00006198-00006528 sure you join our slack channel because that's where we'll be monitoring the hzmnAQD8JJI-00015-00006528-00006933 questions and then you'll also be able to chat with some of the speakers and hzmnAQD8JJI-00016-00006933-00007431 Javeria will be joining our roundtable tomorrow during sort of the dev platform hzmnAQD8JJI-00017-00007431-00007931 day talking more on the technical side about what it how the experience was to hzmnAQD8JJI-00018-00007931-00008484 move teams and and to get them on boarded with GitOps tools and such so hzmnAQD8JJI-00019-00008484-00008962 make sure you stay tuned for that so with that I will hand it over to hzmnAQD8JJI-00020-00008962-00009246 Javeria and I'll kind of join in when we're ready to take some questions hzmnAQD8JJI-00021-00009246-00009985 toward the end. [Javeria]: Thank You Tamao hzmnAQD8JJI-00023-00013753-00014425 so hi everyone uh thank you for coming in today hzmnAQD8JJI-00024-00014425-00015163 so my name is Javeria Khan and today I'm going to talk about my GitOps journey hzmnAQD8JJI-00025-00015163-00015685 and how I incorporated these practices into the infrastructure that I've worked hzmnAQD8JJI-00026-00015685-00016003 on like Tamao said I've been at a start-up and then I moved over to a hzmnAQD8JJI-00027-00016003-00016854 bigger company later. So firstly a bit about myself I am an electrical engineer hzmnAQD8JJI-00028-00016854-00017334 by degree so initially I started off my career as a hardware IC engineer and hzmnAQD8JJI-00029-00017334-00017893 then I switched over to software a little over six years ago now over these hzmnAQD8JJI-00030-00017893-00018388 past few years in software I've worked in multiple infrastructure teams and hzmnAQD8JJI-00031-00018388-00019093 devops systems and as the industry now likes to call it SRE but generally hzmnAQD8JJI-00032-00019093-00019516 the idea is always the same the focus is always about building infrastructure for hzmnAQD8JJI-00033-00019516-00020020 reliability for automation for operability and performance. At the hzmnAQD8JJI-00034-00020020-00020454 moment I am a senior SRE at Palo Alto Networks in the foundational hzmnAQD8JJI-00035-00020454-00020979 infrastructure team as we like to call it and I lead all of our on-prem hzmnAQD8JJI-00036-00020979-00021529 kubernetes infra so my team basically serves as a foundation layer that spans hzmnAQD8JJI-00037-00021529-00021945 multiple organizations within our company and we build and manage hzmnAQD8JJI-00038-00021945-00022487 everything related to on-prem computational infra. A main part of this hzmnAQD8JJI-00039-00022487-00022891 infrastructure is our kubernetes clusters we hzmnAQD8JJI-00040-00022891-00023287 have about 40 of these at that run on bare metal nodes across various data hzmnAQD8JJI-00041-00023287-00023710 centers in the world. Some of our newer platforms have moved on to DCBs so we hzmnAQD8JJI-00042-00023710-00024136 have a lot of infrastructure being built over there as well we do have GKE hzmnAQD8JJI-00043-00024136-00024994 clusters also in parallel. Since I lead the building and scaling of these hzmnAQD8JJI-00044-00024994-00025561 clusters I also support infrastructure build up so everything like that hzmnAQD8JJI-00045-00025561-00025900 supports these environments all the tooling in place all the monitoring hzmnAQD8JJI-00046-00025900-00026380 automation and everything with a special focus on using GitOps to a developer hzmnAQD8JJI-00047-00026380-00027258 productivity and scaling. So if anybody's attended any of my last sessions I've hzmnAQD8JJI-00048-00027258-00027720 done a lot of them on GitOps I tend to go into like the background of what it hzmnAQD8JJI-00049-00027720-00028164 is and how it came about I won't do that today because we have a lot of awesome hzmnAQD8JJI-00050-00028164-00028814 speakers in this event and a lot of people go into those details for you so hzmnAQD8JJI-00051-00028814-00029410 but let me um start by sharing what the biggest benefits of adopting GitOps hzmnAQD8JJI-00052-00029410-00030039 have been for me in my journey. So since the main idea is that your version hzmnAQD8JJI-00053-00030039-00030495 controlling both your infrastructure code and you can then use a GitOps tool hzmnAQD8JJI-00054-00030495-00030832 to compare the current state of your objects in your infra to the desired hzmnAQD8JJI-00055-00030832-00031414 state in version control so by automating the deployment of any kind of hzmnAQD8JJI-00056-00031414-00031995 infer changes the first benefit you basically gain is reversibility because hzmnAQD8JJI-00057-00031995-00032374 roll backs are easier you have that previous version in source control hzmnAQD8JJI-00058-00032374-00032989 somewhere and a really good great side effect of this is that it makes the mean hzmnAQD8JJI-00059-00032989-00033490 time to resolve a config based outages much shorter because you you have hzmnAQD8JJI-00060-00033490-00033916 tracked those changes and it's easy to just sort of revert commits if you want hzmnAQD8JJI-00061-00033916-00034177 to or you can just push a new commit with the changes that you did earlier hzmnAQD8JJI-00062-00034177-00034753 there might be breaking and then secondly on top of this you get audit hzmnAQD8JJI-00063-00034753-00035248 trails which are great because now everything is going through PRs and there's a hzmnAQD8JJI-00064-00035248-00035772 sort of a log of who did what at what time and these are also very important hzmnAQD8JJI-00065-00035772-00036121 for maybe compliance exercises that your teams may have to do at some point as hzmnAQD8JJI-00066-00036121-00036565 your company grows. And then because of these first two hzmnAQD8JJI-00067-00036565-00037078 benefits uh subsequently our teams also gained transparency now this is really hzmnAQD8JJI-00068-00037078-00037647 very important because all that special infra knowledge and control we can hzmnAQD8JJI-00069-00037647-00038025 now disperse it within multiple people and now there were no more obscure hzmnAQD8JJI-00070-00038025-00038437 system changes that only a few special people knew how to do and subsequently hzmnAQD8JJI-00071-00038437-00038922 you became less dependent on particular employees and in turn those employees hzmnAQD8JJI-00072-00038922-00039286 could also spend their vacations and even nights just and peace without hzmnAQD8JJI-00073-00039286-00039672 getting pinged for breaking changes or for applying stuff that nobody else knew hzmnAQD8JJI-00074-00039672-00040144 how to do so the first three are the big ones hzmnAQD8JJI-00075-00040144-00040690 but generally speaking as well I've been working with kubernetes for the past hzmnAQD8JJI-00076-00040690-00041319 over actually for over three years now and over this time I've built many hzmnAQD8JJI-00077-00041319-00041900 clusters on the cloud as well as in data centers now on bare metal nodes and hzmnAQD8JJI-00078-00041900-00042372 basically every time you go through that process where you're designing and you hzmnAQD8JJI-00079-00042372-00042738 cluster and you're figuring out what to put it in all the tooling and you want hzmnAQD8JJI-00080-00042738-00043194 and you basically want a repeatable process that you can do the same way hzmnAQD8JJI-00081-00043194-00043774 every time also as you're trying to incorporate other best practices for hzmnAQD8JJI-00082-00043774-00044407 security or for access control or more automation of those kinds of nice things hzmnAQD8JJI-00083-00044407-00045001 um you are so it doesn't matter if this is for staging or production hzmnAQD8JJI-00084-00045001-00045390 environments always the same thing staging is obviously just a subset of hzmnAQD8JJI-00085-00045390-00045938 the way you build production just maybe at smaller scale but as engineers we hzmnAQD8JJI-00086-00045938-00046378 tend to end up looking into how to optimize and automate these otherwise hzmnAQD8JJI-00087-00046378-00046831 repetitive tasks and how managing these infrastructures that you keep building hzmnAQD8JJI-00088-00046831-00047356 are less painful and I really believe GitOps has helped me automate a lot of hzmnAQD8JJI-00089-00047356-00047932 these somewhat otherwise painful management tasks and I feel because of hzmnAQD8JJI-00090-00047932-00048346 it I really brings better collaboration between all the different types of teams hzmnAQD8JJI-00091-00048346-00048727 that eventually end up sharing these resources and people that you're hzmnAQD8JJI-00092-00048727-00049190 building this for. So as SREs, as infra engineers, our direct customers are the hzmnAQD8JJI-00093-00049191-00049644 other teams that are using infrastructure that we built for them hzmnAQD8JJI-00094-00049644-00049968 they're one of the users obviously you also have customers that are using if hzmnAQD8JJI-00095-00049968-00050521 you're a SaaS business that are using the infra as well. so using some of these hzmnAQD8JJI-00096-00050521-00050908 tools that I will share later and some of the examples that I've used in the hzmnAQD8JJI-00097-00050908-00051382 past I think can really help augment anybody's entire software development hzmnAQD8JJI-00098-00051382-00052482 and development lifecycles. so in my personal experience of adopting GitOps hzmnAQD8JJI-00099-00052482-00052944 at two different companies over these past years uh first it was at a start-up hzmnAQD8JJI-00100-00052944-00053575 where our entire infrastructure was on the cloud on AWS and also because we hzmnAQD8JJI-00101-00053575-00053950 were building everything from scratch there was also a smaller Delta that hzmnAQD8JJI-00102-00053950-00054258 needed to be done to bring about this chain and to bring about new processes hzmnAQD8JJI-00103-00054258-00054792 and then later at my current role which is now a larger public company with a hzmnAQD8JJI-00104-00054792-00055273 much larger dispersed infrastructure and bigger teams also we have a lot of older hzmnAQD8JJI-00105-00055273-00055908 processes in place I find that when you sort of go down this path it really hzmnAQD8JJI-00106-00055908-00056500 helps to break down the impact by layers so as you start socializing with the hzmnAQD8JJI-00107-00056500-00056875 different teams and the different types of people that this might affect um this hzmnAQD8JJI-00108-00056875-00057463 is how you can go about sort of defining what the stakeholders at each layer are hzmnAQD8JJI-00109-00057463-00058002 and how these tools might help their workflows and make them better save them hzmnAQD8JJI-00110-00058002-00058707 more time moving forward so I will break it down into basically two main groups hzmnAQD8JJI-00111-00058707-00059110 the infra layer and the App layer so beginning with firstly the foundation or hzmnAQD8JJI-00112-00059110-00059650 the infrastructure as code layer the main types of people at this layer that hzmnAQD8JJI-00113-00059650-00060073 this kind of automation basically affects is first of all your SREs or hzmnAQD8JJI-00114-00060073-00060581 your infra engineers or whatever would you like to call it in your company hzmnAQD8JJI-00115-00060581-00060994 these are the people that helped build this stuff and they helped maintain it hzmnAQD8JJI-00116-00060994-00061498 and then also there is management at this layer which is concerned about how hzmnAQD8JJI-00117-00061498-00062139 stuff that this layer affects customer facing SL hits so because obviously hzmnAQD8JJI-00118-00062139-00062670 outages and incidents right at infrastructure at your compute layer hzmnAQD8JJI-00119-00062670-00063162 that's very directly visible to external services that you might be providing on hzmnAQD8JJI-00120-00063162-00063987 top of it. As GitOps has gained more traction in the industry of tools at hzmnAQD8JJI-00121-00063987-00064341 almost everywhere have realized the importance of keeping State and being hzmnAQD8JJI-00122-00064341-00064851 able to apply that state. so as I was going through more research I realized hzmnAQD8JJI-00123-00064851-00065427 that we do keep talking about kubernetes because this is the ecosystem that were hzmnAQD8JJI-00124-00065427-00065976 in at the moment but even taking a step back from that you realize that a lot of hzmnAQD8JJI-00125-00065976-00066387 these automation tools in the DevOps space and the automation space hzmnAQD8JJI-00126-00066387-00066855 they provide some form of GitOps or the others I wouldn't call them complete GitOps hzmnAQD8JJI-00127-00066855-00067392 cycle supporting tools but they've got parts of it down and if you manage hzmnAQD8JJI-00128-00067392-00067863 to sort of you can always pick and choose and my combine things together so hzmnAQD8JJI-00129-00067863-00068313 as I said not all these are completely get ups but they do offer parts of it hzmnAQD8JJI-00130-00068313-00068817 and then you can sort of stitch them together. so basically a few examples hzmnAQD8JJI-00131-00068817-00069225 this is not complete this is just stuff that I'm more familiar with using and hzmnAQD8JJI-00132-00069225-00069603 I've used in the past so a few examples of how popular are provisioning tools hzmnAQD8JJI-00133-00069603-00070230 can be used in a GitOpsy way. Firstly is Atlantis which is a tool that hzmnAQD8JJI-00134-00070230-00070680 automates Terraform apply into pull requests. This is cool because it lets hzmnAQD8JJI-00135-00070680-00071040 you standardize your provisioning terraform workloads all within CI/CD so hzmnAQD8JJI-00136-00071040-00071730 you would keep your terraform scripts within your git repos and then Atlantis hzmnAQD8JJI-00137-00071730-00072099 helps soon as somebody pushes in new changes Atlantis helps that whole cycle hzmnAQD8JJI-00138-00072099-00072459 by doing a terraform plan and a terraform apply for you so everything gets tracked hzmnAQD8JJI-00139-00072459-00072977 within the pr Bulo gets trapped there on the application and gets tracked there hzmnAQD8JJI-00140-00072977-00073407 so this is sort of a nice full provisioning cycle that you can maintain hzmnAQD8JJI-00141-00073407-00073908 there and secondly there's salt salt can be hzmnAQD8JJI-00142-00073908-00074190 run as scheduled states that periodically run and close source hzmnAQD8JJI-00143-00074190-00074550 control and then apply that config we use salt extensively within our hzmnAQD8JJI-00144-00074550-00075090 infrastructure it's the same concept you can keep the salt scripts and all that hzmnAQD8JJI-00145-00075090-00075570 code within the repos and then your schedule states they for us they run a hzmnAQD8JJI-00146-00075570-00075939 bootstrap and they also have scheduled times depending on what group of the hzmnAQD8JJI-00147-00075939-00076206 servers are on and then they can pull down these things and make sure that hzmnAQD8JJI-00148-00076206-00077055 your states are consistent with how you want them to be defined and then coming hzmnAQD8JJI-00149-00077055-00077492 to orchestration and config management on people more familiar with this whole hzmnAQD8JJI-00150-00077492-00077892 layer will actually see that I've divided them into the way that I think hzmnAQD8JJI-00151-00077892-00078264 they're more appropriate but all these tools Terraform, Salt, Ansible, Puppet, hzmnAQD8JJI-00152-00078264-00078753 Chef, they can mostly do they can all do the same thing so you can use hzmnAQD8JJI-00153-00078753-00079182 them at different layers but this is how we've preferred to break down their hzmnAQD8JJI-00154-00079182-00079698 application. So at the orchestration config management layer Ansible is hzmnAQD8JJI-00155-00079698-00080184 classically basically a push based tool but a lot of people don't know it also hzmnAQD8JJI-00156-00080184-00080547 supports a special pull module that could pull in and apply playbooks from hzmnAQD8JJI-00157-00080547-00081213 git repos so if you sort of stitch together that pull combining module hzmnAQD8JJI-00158-00081213-00081615 with something like a cron or web hook you get yourself GitOps flavored config hzmnAQD8JJI-00159-00081615-00081900 management and you can sort of manage it that way as well hzmnAQD8JJI-00160-00081900-00082527 Similarly Puppet a lot of people use that as well on puppet enterprise has hzmnAQD8JJI-00161-00082527-00082923 this code manager feature that automates the management and deployment of your hzmnAQD8JJI-00162-00082923-00083412 puppet code from repos as well so same concept you can keep your code somewhere hzmnAQD8JJI-00163-00083412-00083994 and then puppet will automatically put on apply it for you. And very lastly Flux and hzmnAQD8JJI-00164-00083994-00084504 Argo we will talk about you'll hear this one a lot it's pretty popular this these hzmnAQD8JJI-00165-00084504-00084873 tools are specifically designed for kubernetes environments and they run as hzmnAQD8JJI-00166-00084873-00085410 actual controllers that you can watch or config repos so all kinds of hzmnAQD8JJI-00167-00085410-00085758 infrastructure code obviously your version controlling it but I like to hzmnAQD8JJI-00168-00085758-00086256 call the repos that keep infrastructure code itself especially for kubernetes hzmnAQD8JJI-00169-00086256-00086631 like the deployments and services ingresses and load balancers and all hzmnAQD8JJI-00170-00086631-00087039 this stuff that makes up your infrastructure the hzmnAQD8JJI-00171-00087039-00087395 config that makes up your interest so I like to call them config repose so these hzmnAQD8JJI-00172-00087395-00087741 controllers like Flux and Argo that run inside your cluster can watch your hzmnAQD8JJI-00173-00087741-00088179 config repos and also your image registries for your application which hzmnAQD8JJI-00174-00088179-00088526 I will come to later and it can apply changes to these clusters hzmnAQD8JJI-00175-00088526-00089679 automatically so that was in theory. How have I used it in the past? So in hzmnAQD8JJI-00176-00089679-00090255 practice as we've moved towards managing more and more hybrid infrastructure that hzmnAQD8JJI-00177-00090255-00090639 is both cloud and data center we found ourselves moving towards tools and hzmnAQD8JJI-00178-00090639-00091044 methods that support and work well in both environments and that make it hzmnAQD8JJI-00179-00091044-00091482 easier to manage everything in centralized repositories so it's been a hzmnAQD8JJI-00180-00091482-00092102 trial and error in certain things but um also as I said in my introduction of my hzmnAQD8JJI-00181-00092102-00092439 team services multiple platforms and teams and we provide the core hzmnAQD8JJI-00182-00092439-00092904 infrastructure. GitOps allows us to coordinate more smoothly across hzmnAQD8JJI-00183-00092904-00093452 these multiple internal SRE teams and that share all this infrastructure hzmnAQD8JJI-00184-00093452-00093926 and config management tooling. So for kubernetes we've kept cluster states in hzmnAQD8JJI-00185-00093926-00094433 version-controled Ansible as a self maintained distribution and also as hzmnAQD8JJI-00186-00094433-00094914 local Forks of upstream deployment tools such as kubespray also cluster hzmnAQD8JJI-00187-00094914-00095252 deployment tool like kops for cloud environment such as a AWS which hzmnAQD8JJI-00188-00095252-00095781 I've used in the past I'll also let you keep cluster states in S3 which is an hzmnAQD8JJI-00189-00095781-00096291 exactly code but it does keep sort of whatever state your cluster is in and hzmnAQD8JJI-00190-00096291-00096591 how you defined it with all the different configurations and s3 buckets hzmnAQD8JJI-00191-00096591-00097206 so basically all infrastructure at the moment all infrastructure code such as hzmnAQD8JJI-00192-00097206-00097674 cluster components for example the kubelet, the CNI, etcd, etcetera as well as hzmnAQD8JJI-00193-00097674-00098211 any add-ons for observability and extra features we keep them as Ansible hzmnAQD8JJI-00194-00098211-00098706 templates which are used to build and maintain and upgrade our clusters. Now hzmnAQD8JJI-00195-00098706-00099042 everything here goes through pull request approval processes before hzmnAQD8JJI-00196-00099042-00099668 deployment and it gets to play that way on whether to a QA or pod environment. hzmnAQD8JJI-00197-00099668-00100250 these Ansible playbooks were actually an internally maintained distribution hzmnAQD8JJI-00198-00100250-00100776 until recently and we've more recently moved our new generation of clusters to hzmnAQD8JJI-00199-00100776-00101256 use kubespray based deployments instead. I am also in the process of moving his hzmnAQD8JJI-00200-00101256-00101688 internal ansible based components to use Flux so that they can get updated hzmnAQD8JJI-00201-00101688-00102072 automatically into CI without meeting somebody on my team to apply these hzmnAQD8JJI-00202-00102072-00102945 changes. Now the kubernetes CD pipelines are configured to use Vault, Helm, and we hzmnAQD8JJI-00203-00102945-00103290 have an internal fact management system to pull in secrets and server hzmnAQD8JJI-00204-00103290-00103902 information for deployments during builds. Outside of kubernetes we use GitOps hzmnAQD8JJI-00205-00103902-00104253 to manage all of our DCP and threads with version control terraform scripts hzmnAQD8JJI-00206-00104253-00104763 that are applied to PRs in Atlantis pipelines. This is important because it hzmnAQD8JJI-00207-00104763-00105282 allows our multiple SRE, infra and dev teams to build up projects and internal hzmnAQD8JJI-00208-00105282-00105836 components on demand in set predetermined ways which with the new hzmnAQD8JJI-00209-00105836-00106269 group approval and review process stage all handled within that same PR process hzmnAQD8JJI-00210-00106269-00106704 and they can open PRs and they can get the components that they need with hzmnAQD8JJI-00211-00106704-00107130 the required approvals all tracked within the same Git history. For all hzmnAQD8JJI-00212-00107130-00107547 the on-prem stuff for provisioning, for config management, it's all done through hzmnAQD8JJI-00213-00107547-00107808 version control Salt states at scheduled states. hzmnAQD8JJI-00214-00107808-00108333 This uses an internal fact management system as an external node classifier hzmnAQD8JJI-00215-00108333-00108852 with vault for secrets. The infra can then be defined as groups of hosts or hzmnAQD8JJI-00216-00108852-00109269 applications or environments or locations or subgroups and automation hzmnAQD8JJI-00217-00109269-00110016 we do this on top of it. Now coming to this second application layer the people hzmnAQD8JJI-00218-00110016-00110370 affected at this layer is basically your developers your DevOps and test hzmnAQD8JJI-00219-00110370-00110822 engineers so all that local dev and testing cycles can use tools such as hzmnAQD8JJI-00220-00110822-00111228 Skaffold for example which is actually a quite a well-rounded tool and can do hzmnAQD8JJI-00221-00111228-00111693 just about everything in the dev test and build and deploy cycles so you can hzmnAQD8JJI-00222-00111693-00112128 use it at any stage of your pipeline and then these are just a few of them there hzmnAQD8JJI-00223-00112128-00112500 are many more tools available but these are just a few of the popular ones so hzmnAQD8JJI-00224-00112500-00112932 Draft, by Azure, is good for the inner dev workflows and testing changes hzmnAQD8JJI-00225-00112932-00113389 on kubernetes and boxes. It's basically a tool for developing apps so hzmnAQD8JJI-00226-00113389-00113767 it's meant to be used before code is committed to source control as it's hzmnAQD8JJI-00227-00113767-00114103 purely intended to be used for very quick development workflows when hzmnAQD8JJI-00228-00114103-00114544 writing applications for kubernetes. Then lastly we have GitKube. This hzmnAQD8JJI-00229-00114544-00114889 one runs as a controller in the cluster and it also lets you use simple Git hzmnAQD8JJI-00230-00114889-00115240 push from your local environment to automate everything from build to deploy hzmnAQD8JJI-00231-00115240-00115939 to test. So whenever any change in code is made, committing and pushing hzmnAQD8JJI-00232-00115939-00116551 it will sort of trigger a build and roll out just from git. Now coming to the hzmnAQD8JJI-00233-00116551-00117172 second deployment stage along with templating of templating tools such as hzmnAQD8JJI-00234-00117172-00117628 Helm and Kustomize help define your apps and they make it easier to roll out hzmnAQD8JJI-00235-00117628-00118018 different versions for different clusters. now these tools these hzmnAQD8JJI-00236-00118018-00118357 templating tools can be used in combination with deployment tools such hzmnAQD8JJI-00237-00118357-00118986 as Flux and Argo and Flagger and also Skaffold above to roll out these cluster hzmnAQD8JJI-00238-00118986-00119425 applications and these are the ones that are meant to be used these later tools hzmnAQD8JJI-00239-00119425-00119736 are the ones too that are meant to be used in production to help keep things hzmnAQD8JJI-00240-00119736-00120226 in sync with source control. So while Flux and Argo are our deployment hzmnAQD8JJI-00241-00120226-00120583 tools that they're actually pulling in changes from docker registries or from hzmnAQD8JJI-00242-00120583-00121165 config repos. Flagger is cool because when I was starting to use GitOps there hzmnAQD8JJI-00243-00121165-00121659 was actually no direct support for doing automatic roll backs depending hzmnAQD8JJI-00244-00121659-00122026 on metrics that you were perhaps watching for your endpoints. Flagger lets hzmnAQD8JJI-00245-00122026-00122569 you do those advanced deployment models such as blue greens and Canaries. So when hzmnAQD8JJI-00246-00122569-00122893 you're rolling out something in production you can do gradual rollouts and you can hzmnAQD8JJI-00247-00122893-00123658 do scheduled deployments. But in practice I've hzmnAQD8JJI-00248-00123658-00124129 used flux at the end of deployment pipelines to basically update yaml hzmnAQD8JJI-00249-00124129-00124495 definitions and configure repos rather than having the CI edit clusters hzmnAQD8JJI-00250-00124495-00124870 directly. Flux can also be used to just watch your hzmnAQD8JJI-00251-00124870-00125266 images directly in your image registry, but I preferred not to do that because I hzmnAQD8JJI-00252-00125266-00125698 just found that doing roll backs became otherwise non straightforward because hzmnAQD8JJI-00253-00125698-00126052 you had to go de-automate the deployment and roll back and then automate it again hzmnAQD8JJI-00254-00126052-00126445 when you wanted it to be watched so hooking that part up with something hzmnAQD8JJI-00255-00126445-00126735 like Flagger instead made much more sense where hzmnAQD8JJI-00256-00126735-00127552 the rollout happened within the CI CD. And this also really helps improve your security hzmnAQD8JJI-00257-00127552-00127884 practices obviously because the CI system now doesn't need to be given hzmnAQD8JJI-00258-00127884-00128317 access to your cluster and you don't necessarily have to run the CI inside hzmnAQD8JJI-00259-00128317-00128829 your cluster either. Obviously you would do that as you were growing or for hzmnAQD8JJI-00260-00128829-00129279 load balancing purposes but this becomes more complex as you create more and more hzmnAQD8JJI-00261-00129279-00129703 clusters over time and that single CI system now has multiple destination hzmnAQD8JJI-00262-00129703-00130270 targets where it needs to deploy to. And this also really makes a difference when hzmnAQD8JJI-00263-00130270-00130738 you go from single clusters to multiple ones and you have the same deployments hzmnAQD8JJI-00264-00130738-00131149 and multiple locations that need to be kept in sync this is where the little hzmnAQD8JJI-00265-00131149-00131533 balancing part comes in where you have for example maybe DR agents are just hzmnAQD8JJI-00266-00131533-00131962 for HA purposes they're providing the same application hzmnAQD8JJI-00267-00131962-00132433 in multiple regions and especially with the odd issues where one deployment can hzmnAQD8JJI-00268-00132433-00132853 go out of sync with the rest because somebody accidentally modified the image hzmnAQD8JJI-00269-00132853-00133392 or maybe the resources that it was using and they were perhaps testing something hzmnAQD8JJI-00270-00133392-00133842 but they forgot to revert back or the odd time where somebody accidentally hzmnAQD8JJI-00271-00133842-00134290 points a production image to a staging one instead. So these types of things hzmnAQD8JJI-00272-00134290-00134872 once we introduced Flux the CI pipelines were simply changed to update the image hzmnAQD8JJI-00273-00134872-00135310 in another repo that kept cluster deployment yamls and these layered hzmnAQD8JJI-00274-00135310-00135735 config repos were the ones that flux was hooked up to and that it watched. hzmnAQD8JJI-00275-00135735-00136228 Also outside of kubernetes we have a few things that have we've had homegrown hzmnAQD8JJI-00276-00136228-00136750 solutions for which i would also like to categorize as GitOps. So a really good hzmnAQD8JJI-00277-00136750-00137253 example here is a prometheus config changes, which we keep in a repo and then hzmnAQD8JJI-00278-00137253-00137754 clients sync agents, that you can then run on global Prometheus servers, they watch hzmnAQD8JJI-00279-00137754-00138192 that config about for Prometheus alert manager roles and as soon as they see changes hzmnAQD8JJI-00280-00138192-00138760 they pull them in. And then promtool is used on the destination service hzmnAQD8JJI-00281-00138760-00139372 on top of these changes to validate them and then apply them as needed. Now this hzmnAQD8JJI-00282-00139372-00139915 here is actually a really good example of improving collaboration as we scaled hzmnAQD8JJI-00283-00139915-00140152 and more teams were given their own dedicated clusters hzmnAQD8JJI-00284-00140152-00140659 or their own dedicated namespaces and they had their own alert streams and for hzmnAQD8JJI-00285-00140659-00141343 example if they if another team has this noisy alert going off at 2:00 a.m. they hzmnAQD8JJI-00286-00141343-00141688 can just go update their alerts in the repo themselves and merge the changes hzmnAQD8JJI-00287-00141688-00142546 and they don't necessarily need to wait for an admin to do it for them. So lastly hzmnAQD8JJI-00288-00142546-00143110 um I've already talked about all the tools. How do you get teams on board? I hzmnAQD8JJI-00289-00143110-00143590 have experience of doing this twice like I mentioned a smarter more a smaller hzmnAQD8JJI-00290-00143590-00143992 more agile company now at a bigger one with process processes that were already hzmnAQD8JJI-00291-00143992-00144553 in place I feel personally that collaboration between dev and ops teams hzmnAQD8JJI-00292-00144553-00145060 and is actually really very important for a successful GitOps culture. I've hzmnAQD8JJI-00293-00145060-00145411 learned that the biggest challenge in introducing any kind of new processes is hzmnAQD8JJI-00294-00145411-00145842 in convincing people to take out time to learn and adapt to it so even when it's hzmnAQD8JJI-00295-00145842-00146194 meant to eventually optimize their daily workloads it can be hard to convince hzmnAQD8JJI-00296-00146194-00146683 other teams to take the initial time to learn and also to change their hzmnAQD8JJI-00297-00146683-00147180 workloads. And I guess as operators we can just try and keep the Delta at their hzmnAQD8JJI-00298-00147180-00147682 end as minimal as possible. I guess the ideal here is always a push-button hzmnAQD8JJI-00299-00147682-00148297 operations but that's a goal, it's not easily attainable. Also really hzmnAQD8JJI-00300-00148297-00148792 socializing new designs and processes can help so that way you can incorporate hzmnAQD8JJI-00301-00148792-00149251 user feedback early on. If I take the Flux example - we basically hzmnAQD8JJI-00302-00149251-00149758 just have to socialize the idea that people weren't supposed to edit things hzmnAQD8JJI-00303-00149758-00150238 directly in the clusters anymore and that any changes they did would get hzmnAQD8JJI-00304-00150238-00150688 reverted back by the sync controllers in another minute or so and that they were hzmnAQD8JJI-00305-00150688-00151072 actually supposed to go and create pull requests for config when the config hzmnAQD8JJI-00306-00151072-00151741 repos keep these manifests. And then secondly the other really big advantage hzmnAQD8JJI-00307-00151741-00152323 I would say or attractive point for people is convincing them is by hzmnAQD8JJI-00308-00152323-00152854 socializing how their dependency on admins will decrease. So with GitOps hzmnAQD8JJI-00309-00152854-00153241 tools the changes in infra can rollout and they can roll back through hzmnAQD8JJI-00310-00153241-00153586 Git merges that's automatic that way you don't necessarily hzmnAQD8JJI-00311-00153586-00153979 need to go ping that main admin on vacation which is usually the case in hzmnAQD8JJI-00312-00153979-00154498 startups um to roll out special changes or to rollback a broken build and in hzmnAQD8JJI-00313-00154498-00154954 extension the main attraction for the management layer of folks is that as you hzmnAQD8JJI-00314-00154954-00155350 cycle through employees uh you sort of reduce the dependency on single hzmnAQD8JJI-00315-00155350-00155683 employees with all that special infra knowledge and which we sort of also hzmnAQD8JJI-00316-00155683-00156280 informally refer to as the bus factor. So this is it for the presentation hzmnAQD8JJI-00317-00156280-00156643 I see I'm just right about on time I suppose we don't have that much time for hzmnAQD8JJI-00318-00156643-00157210 QA but I am hanging out in the slack at Upstate channel for more questions or in hzmnAQD8JJI-00319-00157210-00157714 comments anybody miss them yeah saying you're like oh I've got a really short hzmnAQD8JJI-00320-00157714-00158068 presentation they she took up the whole time which is great it's fantastic yeah hzmnAQD8JJI-00321-00158068-00158446 so we are at time I will just throw in if you can answer just super quickly hzmnAQD8JJI-00322-00158446-00159094 yeah like on a high level like how was the championing process so I think it hzmnAQD8JJI-00323-00159094-00159535 really depends on where you are as a team and as a company and startups is hzmnAQD8JJI-00324-00159535-00160021 easier because things are more faster the processes are more faster but I hzmnAQD8JJI-00325-00160021-00160570 think in both cases what I've learned is the biggest the best way to do this is hzmnAQD8JJI-00326-00160570-00161014 by really socializing you you definitely can't over communicate at this layer hzmnAQD8JJI-00327-00161014-00161506 because you're rolling out stuff that will affect people's day-to-day work so hzmnAQD8JJI-00328-00161506-00162061 just scheduling meetings and making sure people are aware of how this changes our hzmnAQD8JJI-00329-00162061-00162433 workflows but how it improves them how spending like half an hour every day to hzmnAQD8JJI-00330-00162433-00162847 learn these new tools or really help them in the long term and help make hzmnAQD8JJI-00331-00162847-00163498 their processes better yeah. Excellent so to remind everybody Javeria will be hzmnAQD8JJI-00332-00163498-00163873 here tomorrow as part of our roundtable so we'll have more time to go through hzmnAQD8JJI-00333-00163873-00164311 that as well and we have had questions in the Slack channel so will you be able hzmnAQD8JJI-00334-00164311-00164746 to join afterwards because in fact so as I was kind of breaking out today's a hzmnAQD8JJI-00335-00164746-00165193 little bit more high-level you know how do we do these talking points um like hzmnAQD8JJI-00336-00165193-00165718 with leadership and peers and such and the questions are actually fairly more hzmnAQD8JJI-00337-00165718-00166090 technical and then it's it's it's sparked like all these great discussions hzmnAQD8JJI-00338-00166090-00166498 so Javeria will join you guys in a bit so yeah any of you watching a YouTube hzmnAQD8JJI-00339-00166498-00166861 you have questions and slide Channel please feel free to join there and hzmnAQD8JJI-00340-00166861-00167481 she'll be there and answer some of your questions so thanks so much Javeria. h-3ow347Axy-00000-00000047-00000268 [Music] foreign [Music] h-3ow347Axy-00001-00001044-00001739 welcome everyone to the EU open source policy Summit 2023 I am very happy to see all of h-3ow347Axy-00002-00001739-00002514 you here and many more online my name is Paul Alexander and I am ofe strategic Partnerships h-3ow347Axy-00003-00002514-00003186 director and today I will serve as a Master of Ceremonies but also as a strict time enforcer h-3ow347Axy-00004-00003186-00003672 and I have already failed at my mission because we are starting five minutes later but it's perfectly h-3ow347Axy-00005-00003672-00004416 fine this is the first summit in three years that we are organizing in person and each fully h-3ow347Axy-00006-00004794-00005298 each fully online edition of our Summit gathered over a thousand participants from h-3ow347Axy-00007-00005298-00005832 all around the world and this made us realize even more that the challenges that we are all h-3ow347Axy-00008-00005832-00006312 facing in the digital world are quite similar across geographies across the organizations h-3ow347Axy-00009-00006396-00006845 but this is not the theme of this year's Summit this is the theme of the last year's Summit h-3ow347Axy-00010-00006845-00007350 this year we are a bit more on the positive and future looking note and we are going to talk about h-3ow347Axy-00011-00007350-00007884 open source opportunities but I will leave these discussions to our speakers today we have a great h-3ow347Axy-00012-00007884-00008550 lineup and of course a special thank you to our gold sponsors the eclipse Foundation red hat and h-3ow347Axy-00013-00008550-00009342 GitHub and our silver sponsors dataport IBM open Exchange open invention Network and element Matrix h-3ow347Axy-00014-00009414-00009804 a media network has kindly supported us with the breakfast today in Brussels h-3ow347Axy-00015-00009864-00010452 just as I triple Esa has sponsored the lunch and if you join us in person make sure to stay till h-3ow347Axy-00016-00010452-00011148 the end for the cocktails sponsored by rocket chat finally thank you to all of you who make h-3ow347Axy-00017-00011148-00011700 up this vibrant open source Community now you can make a round of applause to yourselves um h-3ow347Axy-00018-00012156-00012648 I hope you will enjoy all of the discussions when you share stuff on social media about h-3ow347Axy-00019-00012648-00013236 the summit please tag us and use the hashtag EO open source and don't shy away from asking h-3ow347Axy-00020-00013236-00013626 questions to the ofv team both on site and online we are checking everything h-3ow347Axy-00021-00013697-00014400 and before we get into the different opportunities and plenty of questions that we have shaped the h-3ow347Axy-00022-00014400-00014897 sessions around I would like to invite on stage our executive director astronomyline carberg h-3ow347Axy-00023-00015168-00015288 foreign h-3ow347Axy-00024-00015612-00016386 I'm very excited to see so many old new friends gathering in Brussels again after all the years h-3ow347Axy-00025-00016386-00017076 apart and hello to everyone joining us online uh from yeah like Paula said all corners of the world h-3ow347Axy-00026-00017076-00017796 there's quite some interest in these questions so I want to thank all of you for your support h-3ow347Axy-00027-00017796-00018354 and encouragement in making this conference possible the EU open source policy Summit is h-3ow347Axy-00028-00018354-00018870 a result of a large number of participants and supporters and just partners coming together h-3ow347Axy-00029-00018972-00019740 and we do all of this to push ourselves to think longer and harder about how to realize h-3ow347Axy-00030-00019740-00020322 the many opportunities that open source can bring to not just just Europe but the world h-3ow347Axy-00031-00020436-00021276 so ofe together with our partners and supporters we work to open Europe up for open alternatives h-3ow347Axy-00032-00021336-00021870 we want to open the concentrated digital markets and we want to use the power h-3ow347Axy-00033-00021870-00022368 of open to make space for inventors inventions companies and communities h-3ow347Axy-00034-00022512-00023394 to build a new tomorrow so this means questioning the status quo and with this and this comes to h-3ow347Axy-00035-00023394-00023814 the theme of this year's Summit we think that this brings a lot of opportunities to Europe h-3ow347Axy-00036-00023946-00024492 what opportunities come with a digitized sovereign European industry based on open source h-3ow347Axy-00037-00024612-00025056 what does the the future Innovation platform for Europe's industry look like h-3ow347Axy-00038-00025176-00025506 will our traditional industry dare to collaborate at scale h-3ow347Axy-00039-00025686-00026177 but it's not just industry we learn from the collaboration around building the EU covet h-3ow347Axy-00040-00026177-00026736 passes the largest digital government service in history what a Euro's public sector can h-3ow347Axy-00041-00026736-00027432 do with open source what can we achieve if we think big and bold in the public sector h-3ow347Axy-00042-00027624-00028104 what are the opportunities for Europe to Define its software security needs and fix them h-3ow347Axy-00043-00028158-00028488 can we invest and build a new open source industry for cyber security h-3ow347Axy-00044-00028704-00029232 we have a European industry of Open Source companies brimming with activity with the h-3ow347Axy-00045-00029232-00029795 right circumstances how big could it get I think we should raise our Ambitions ambition levels h-3ow347Axy-00046-00029795-00030714 across the board and Truth is that we Europe are challengers in most digital verticals but the good h-3ow347Axy-00047-00030714-00031283 news is that openness is always in the interest of the Challenger closed systems and markets are h-3ow347Axy-00048-00031283-00031860 in the interests of incumbents we should look to boost our digital markets competitiveness using h-3ow347Axy-00049-00031860-00032370 open source and from my point of view this might perhaps be our greatest opportunity h-3ow347Axy-00050-00032694-00033198 and before we get going with our packed schedule and for the ones of you who have been to the h-3ow347Axy-00051-00033198-00033882 summit before you know there's a lot and it's very intense um I would really like to address h-3ow347Axy-00052-00033882-00034488 the policy makers in the audience I would strongly recommend that you visit fostom this weekend h-3ow347Axy-00053-00034578-00035052 Europe's largest open source conference takes place at the ulb campus just a few kilometers h-3ow347Axy-00054-00035052-00035730 away from here there you will meet the Builders of Europe's digital future they have the tools h-3ow347Axy-00055-00035730-00036384 and the skills to make Europe's open source opportunities a reality get to know them get h-3ow347Axy-00056-00036384-00036936 to know how things are built and you should work with them and they should work with you h-3ow347Axy-00057-00037122-00037602 but my main reason for standing here is not really to give a long speech will listen to h-3ow347Axy-00058-00037602-00038136 a lot of speeches today but it's actually to present our first feature the speaker h-3ow347Axy-00059-00038214-00038742 and just over a month ago the Czech Republic's presidency of the EU Council ended during which h-3ow347Axy-00060-00038742-00039276 the Czech government showed their leadership when it comes to the policy and politics of Open Source h-3ow347Axy-00061-00039354-00039672 but instead of me talking about it let me welcome on stage Deputy Prime h-3ow347Axy-00062-00039672-00040044 Minister for digitization of the Czech Republic Mr Ivan Bartosh [Applause] h_70jmL0Lgc-00000-00000056-00000976 the last instant or meeting with moshe that i want to talk about has to do with this um sense of h_70jmL0Lgc-00001-00001136-00001208 letting the h_70jmL0Lgc-00002-00001336-00002456 necessary connection closeness come at the right moment in your relationships with your students h_70jmL0Lgc-00003-00002552-00003768 and this was in 1980 and it was uh again in the spring of 1980 moshe uh tended to leave israel h_70jmL0Lgc-00004-00003768-00004592 in the spring and go to europe it became very hot in israel and he wanted where it was cooler and h_70jmL0Lgc-00005-00004592-00005152 he was often in switzerland or in france in the summers and sometimes of course in germany as well h_70jmL0Lgc-00006-00005336-00006368 and so he he was always there right before he went to uh to europe and away and i i arranged to him h_70jmL0Lgc-00007-00006368-00007184 and said uh i have my birthday day after tomorrow could you give me an f5 and he said yes h_70jmL0Lgc-00008-00007416-00008144 and and he gave me an f5 i could remember every moment of it lying on my side h_70jmL0Lgc-00009-00008224-00008880 and supporting the sideline and he started taking his hand like this h_70jmL0Lgc-00010-00009008-00009520 and going along my spine finding out where i responded h_70jmL0Lgc-00011-00009664-00010768 and and he noticed that down um in the lower lumber span before though that would have been old h_70jmL0Lgc-00012-00010864-00011864 two or three or so on that i was very sensitive very sensitive and in fact i went into a kind of a h_70jmL0Lgc-00013-00012064-00012863 kind of a i don't even know what to describe it i guess i would say i went into kind of a void h_70jmL0Lgc-00014-00013096-00013591 as he was doing this he felt it he could feel my nervous system h_70jmL0Lgc-00015-00013784-00014424 like this didn't say a thing just kept there stayed there i felt his presence h_70jmL0Lgc-00016-00014519-00015663 i knew that he felt me feeling this very for me unusual and and and not not unpleasant but h_70jmL0Lgc-00017-00015768-00016792 not not dangerous but very very demanding let's say experience and then um stopped h_70jmL0Lgc-00018-00016904-00017584 i lay on my back and he stood at the end of the table at the feet end of the table and he h_70jmL0Lgc-00019-00017584-00018736 said you know ned for all the trauma you've had in your life you're in good shape and uh it was like h_70jmL0Lgc-00020-00018736-00020000 a stillness let's say a tingle or it was like a permission from o'shea to both live this traumatic h_70jmL0Lgc-00021-00020096-00021184 life that i had and for personal reasons of course and also um to come into the present moment h_70jmL0Lgc-00022-00021368-00022616 and experience the pleasure and the joy of being presence present and so as i say um i view all h_70jmL0Lgc-00023-00022616-00023592 these of these instances as a as an openness in moshe to this kind of relationship with people h_70jmL0Lgc-00024-00023744-00024752 like myself and still like myself who uh want to learn and who want to learn Moshe thank you h_xYfhqeK_k-00000-00001657-00002400 ♪ Still and Silent Calm Before the Storm ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00001-00002602-00002900 ♪ Gold and Diamond ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00002-00002998-00003214 ♪ Jewels Behind the Throne ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00003-00003304-00004206 ♪ Into the Night, out of the Dark, Take to The Sky, Chasing The Stars ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00004-00004256-00005108 ♪ All That We Said, All That We Are, Waiting to Fly, This is The Start ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00005-00005302-00006004 ♪ Hide and Seek, Reason and Rhyme, Grand and Glorious ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00006-00006202-00006908 ♪ Living the Dream, Yours and Mine, Euphoria ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00007-00007004-00007804 ♪ Hide and Seek, Reason and Rhyme, Grand and Glorious ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00008-00007900-00008802 ♪ Living the Dream, Yours and Mine, Euphoria ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00009-00008900-00011502 ♪ ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00010-00011604-00011902 ♪ Stone and Feather ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00011-00012002-00012304 ♪ Move Outside Your Head ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00012-00012400-00012704 ♪ Now or Never ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00013-00012800-00013100 ♪ Strong in Every Step ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00014-00013204-00014004 ♪ Give Me a Sign, Hitting the Mark, Take to the Sky, Chasing The Stars ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00015-00014097-00014900 ♪ Open Your Eyes, Watching Afar, Waiting to Fly, This Is The Start h_xYfhqeK_k-00016-00015197-00015904 ♪ Hide and Seek, Reason and Rhyme, Grand and Glorious ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00017-00016000-00016702 ♪ Living the Dream, Yours and Mine, Euphoria ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00018-00016804-00019502 ♪ ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00019-00019550-00020304 ♪ Hide and Seek, Reason and Rhyme, Grand and Glorious ♪ h_xYfhqeK_k-00020-00020404-00021102 ♪ Living the Dream, Yours and Mine, Euphoria ♪ hBlerHjpbXQ-00000-00020123-00022123 the game of life how to play it 1925 florence scovel shinn hDjeTLj-JVE-00000-00000026-00000126 Hello everybody! hDjeTLj-JVE-00001-00000126-00000479 In today’s video, I’m going to show you how to install Google Play Store on Windows hDjeTLj-JVE-00002-00000479-00001134 11. hDjeTLj-JVE-00003-00001134-00001555 Just a few weeks ago, it was impossible to run Google Play Store on Windows 11. hDjeTLj-JVE-00004-00001555-00002059 But luckily, now there is a way to use Android apps from Google Play Store with all of their hDjeTLj-JVE-00005-00002059-00002303 features unlocked on Windows 11. hDjeTLj-JVE-00006-00002303-00002731 The installation process is not too difficult, and the results you gain are really worth hDjeTLj-JVE-00007-00002731-00002891 the time you spend. hDjeTLj-JVE-00008-00002891-00003350 One little disclaimer before we begin - we decline all responsibility for any possible hDjeTLj-JVE-00009-00003350-00003772 errors of the software you are going to use, although we haven’t had any system errors hDjeTLj-JVE-00010-00003772-00004068 or failures in the process of testing. hDjeTLj-JVE-00012-00007613-00008015 Before you proceed to download and install the software, make sure that additional features hDjeTLj-JVE-00013-00008015-00008395 such as Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Platform are enabled on your computer. hDjeTLj-JVE-00014-00008395-00008628 To do it, click the Start button hDjeTLj-JVE-00015-00008628-00009132 Type “Control Panel” in the search field hDjeTLj-JVE-00016-00009132-00009436 Go to Programs & Features hDjeTLj-JVE-00017-00009436-00010020 Find the tab “Turn Windows features on or off” hDjeTLj-JVE-00018-00010020-00010946 In this window, check the boxes for Hyper-V and Windows Hypervisor Platform. hDjeTLj-JVE-00019-00010946-00011615 Click OK hDjeTLj-JVE-00020-00011615-00011878 The system will ask you to restart the computer hDjeTLj-JVE-00021-00011878-00011978 Do it. hDjeTLj-JVE-00022-00011978-00012149 (2) Remove any other previously installed WSA packages hDjeTLj-JVE-00023-00012149-00012695 After that, remove any Windows subsystems for Android if they were installed before. hDjeTLj-JVE-00024-00012695-00013022 This step should be taken before you can install a new subsystem. hDjeTLj-JVE-00025-00013022-00014381 To remove them, open the Start menu, find “Windows Subsystem for Android,” right-click hDjeTLj-JVE-00026-00014381-00014481 on it and delete. hDjeTLj-JVE-00027-00014481-00014787 Enable Developer mode in Windows 11 hDjeTLj-JVE-00028-00014787-00015085 Now it’s time to enable Developer mode in Windows. hDjeTLj-JVE-00029-00015085-00015672 Open the Start menu and jump to Settings hDjeTLj-JVE-00030-00015672-00015946 Find the “Privacy & Security” tab hDjeTLj-JVE-00031-00015946-00016175 Select “For Developers” options, hDjeTLj-JVE-00032-00016175-00016479 And enable the Developer mode. hDjeTLj-JVE-00033-00016479-00016767 Click “Yes” in the window that appears. hDjeTLj-JVE-00034-00016767-00017203 After that, you’ll need to download the WSA package - which is a modified version hDjeTLj-JVE-00035-00017203-00017447 of “Windows subsystem for Android.” hDjeTLj-JVE-00036-00017447-00017730 Follow the link in the description and download the package. hDjeTLj-JVE-00037-00017730-00018376 You can find all commands and links under this video. hDjeTLj-JVE-00038-00018376-00018763 Extract the downloaded file to any directory but remember where exactly, because you will hDjeTLj-JVE-00039-00018763-00019635 have to specify the path to this file a bit later. hDjeTLj-JVE-00040-00019635-00019813 Start PowerShell as administrator hDjeTLj-JVE-00041-00019813-00020057 Right-click on the Start menu hDjeTLj-JVE-00042-00020057-00020265 And open Windows terminal as administrator hDjeTLj-JVE-00043-00020265-00020799 (3) In the Command Prompt, type this command Add-AppxPackage -Register and give the path hDjeTLj-JVE-00044-00020799-00021145 to the file named AppxManifest.xml Add-AppxPackage -Register “Path_to_folder_with_WSA\AppxManifest.xml" hDjeTLj-JVE-00045-00021145-00021712 To quickly find this path, go to the folder containing the file and right-click on AppxManifest.xml. hDjeTLj-JVE-00046-00021712-00022076 Choose “Copy as path” to copy the path to this file into the clipboard. hDjeTLj-JVE-00047-00022076-00022209 Return to the Command Prompt hDjeTLj-JVE-00048-00022209-00022341 Paste the path here hDjeTLj-JVE-00049-00022341-00022441 Press Enter hDjeTLj-JVE-00050-00022441-00023081 The WSA application will be installed, and its shortcut will be added to the Start menu hDjeTLj-JVE-00051-00023081-00023393 Now you need to download the SDK Platform Tools package. hDjeTLj-JVE-00052-00023393-00025102 Visit the corresponding website by following another link in the description. hDjeTLj-JVE-00053-00025102-00025315 Extract the .zip archive to a convenient location hDjeTLj-JVE-00054-00025315-00025698 WSA configuration hDjeTLj-JVE-00055-00025698-00025969 Now click the Start button hDjeTLj-JVE-00056-00025969-00026206 Jump to the tab “All apps” hDjeTLj-JVE-00057-00026206-00027009 Open the WSA app hDjeTLj-JVE-00058-00027009-00027718 In the “Developer mode” tab, drag the slider to enable it. hDjeTLj-JVE-00059-00027718-00028035 Now you need to open the file option by clicking here. hDjeTLj-JVE-00060-00028035-00028589 In the window that appears, click “Continue.” hDjeTLj-JVE-00061-00028589-00028863 The firewall request window appears hDjeTLj-JVE-00062-00028863-00029233 Click to allow access. hDjeTLj-JVE-00063-00029233-00029752 In the IP address tab, click to refresh the address hDjeTLj-JVE-00064-00029752-00029852 And copy it hDjeTLj-JVE-00065-00029852-00030168 Have a look at the address displayed in the “Developer mode” tab. hDjeTLj-JVE-00066-00030168-00030330 It should be the same as yours. hDjeTLj-JVE-00067-00030330-00030450 Establish connection hDjeTLj-JVE-00068-00030450-00031546 Now go to the folder where the SDK package has been extracted hDjeTLj-JVE-00069-00031546-00032078 Hold down the Shift button and right-click on an empty area in this folder. hDjeTLj-JVE-00070-00032078-00032402 Choose the option “Open in Windows Terminal.” hDjeTLj-JVE-00071-00032402-00032887 Now run the command .\adb.exe connect and paste your address 127.0.0.1:58526 hDjeTLj-JVE-00072-00032887-00033202 Press Enter hDjeTLj-JVE-00073-00033202-00033724 Then type one more command .\adb.exe devices hDjeTLj-JVE-00074-00033724-00034043 You can see that ADB is connected. hDjeTLj-JVE-00075-00034043-00034740 Now you need to log in to Google Play Store by running these three commands one by one: hDjeTLj-JVE-00076-00034740-00035556 .\adb.exe shell su hDjeTLj-JVE-00077-00035556-00036099 setenforce 0 hDjeTLj-JVE-00078-00036099-00037456 Sign in to your Google account. hDjeTLj-JVE-00079-00037456-00037556 And that’s all! hDjeTLj-JVE-00080-00037556-00040238 Now you can install your favorite apps: TikTok, Instagram, YouTube and so on. hDjeTLj-JVE-00081-00040238-00041402 As you can see, everything works fine. hDjeTLj-JVE-00082-00041402-00043475 That is all for now! hDjeTLj-JVE-00083-00043475-00043621 Hopefully, this video was useful. hDjeTLj-JVE-00084-00043621-00044633 Remember to click the Like button and subscribe to our channel. hDjeTLj-JVE-00085-00044633-00045905 Leave comments to ask questions. hDjeTLj-JVE-00086-00045905-00046816 Thank you for watching. hDjeTLj-JVE-00087-00046816-00047237 Good luck. hGozQSJtbfu-00000-00000000-00000200 Tip: Watch at 0.75 speed hH2fMeZyBL0-00000-00000018-00000316 Ok Welcome back to the show everybody! hH2fMeZyBL0-00001-00000316-00000672 Today is an important lesson so listen up boys and girls hH2fMeZyBL0-00002-00000672-00001090 because we are going to be talking about how to agree with somebody hH2fMeZyBL0-00003-00001090-00001544 And how to disagree if you don’t really care for what they said hH2fMeZyBL0-00004-00001544-00001962 Ok, so often times when you’re talking to somebody hH2fMeZyBL0-00005-00001962-00002224 They will say something that you really like hH2fMeZyBL0-00006-00002224-00002706 But they will often times say something that you don’t really like hH2fMeZyBL0-00007-00002707-00002862 How are you supposed to respond?? hH2fMeZyBL0-00008-00002862-00003496 Now you can say things like “Yes I agree” or “No I disagree” hH2fMeZyBL0-00009-00003496-00003770 “That sounds good” hH2fMeZyBL0-00010-00003770-00004047 “I don’t like that” hH2fMeZyBL0-00011-00004047-00004302 But obviously that sounds really boring and formal hH2fMeZyBL0-00012-00004303-00004696 So I’m going to show you some better ways to respond to other people hH2fMeZyBL0-00013-00004696-00004798 Let’s get started hH2fMeZyBL0-00014-00005484-00005698 Before I start, remember hH2fMeZyBL0-00015-00005698-00006144 “I agree” is super super general hH2fMeZyBL0-00016-00006144-00006425 And there are many different kinds of meanings and hH2fMeZyBL0-00017-00006425-00006658 different situations you can use it in hH2fMeZyBL0-00018-00006658-00007273 But today my version of “I agree” is going to sound similar to hH2fMeZyBL0-00019-00007273-00007653 like 沒錯 or “I like what he said” hH2fMeZyBL0-00020-00007653-00007792 “That’s a good point” hH2fMeZyBL0-00021-00007792-00008095 Something like that kind of feeling, ok so keep that in mind hH2fMeZyBL0-00022-00008095-00009098 You can say that again hH2fMeZyBL0-00023-00009098-00009500 Basically means, you like what somebody said so much hH2fMeZyBL0-00024-00009500-00009772 you want them to say it twice hH2fMeZyBL0-00025-00009826-00009926 Twice hH2fMeZyBL0-00026-00009926-00010220 McDonald’s has the best french fries around hH2fMeZyBL0-00027-00010221-00010357 You can say that again hH2fMeZyBL0-00028-00010357-00010621 This movie is seriously taking so long hH2fMeZyBL0-00029-00010621-00010721 I know right? hH2fMeZyBL0-00030-00010721-00010858 You can say that again hH2fMeZyBL0-00031-00011156-00012218 I was gonna say the same thing hH2fMeZyBL0-00032-00012218-00012904 That means, what they said was so good that it was something that you were going to say too hH2fMeZyBL0-00033-00012905-00013191 I was going to say the same thing hH2fMeZyBL0-00034-00013191-00013459 Wow actually I take it back (misspoke) hH2fMeZyBL0-00035-00013459-00013697 Cooking dinner for 10 people is really hard hH2fMeZyBL0-00036-00013697-00013991 Uh yeah, I was about to say the same thing. hH2fMeZyBL0-00037-00013991-00014197 I don’t know why you wanted to do that hH2fMeZyBL0-00038-00014197-00014409 The Niners (football team) are killing it (doing well) this year hH2fMeZyBL0-00039-00014409-00014552 I know right?! hH2fMeZyBL0-00040-00014552-00014850 I was about to say the same thing hH2fMeZyBL0-00041-00014928-00016282 You took the words right out of my mouth hH2fMeZyBL0-00042-00016282-00016854 Means, it’s as if they had stolen the words as you were going to say them hH2fMeZyBL0-00043-00016854-00017160 You took the words right out of my mouth hH2fMeZyBL0-00044-00017161-00017390 Wow this test is way harder than I thought hH2fMeZyBL0-00045-00017390-00017661 You took the words right out of my mouth hH2fMeZyBL0-00046-00017661-00018014 I couldn’t answer any of those questions either hH2fMeZyBL0-00047-00018014-00018341 Ok seriously that guy was being way out of line (being inappropriate) hH2fMeZyBL0-00048-00018341-00018645 You took the words right out of my mouth hH2fMeZyBL0-00049-00018645-00018807 I thought he was super rude hH2fMeZyBL0-00050-00018807-00018950 What an asshole hH2fMeZyBL0-00051-00019046-00019856 I couldn’t agree more hH2fMeZyBL0-00052-00019856-00020172 Means we are in total agreement hH2fMeZyBL0-00053-00020172-00020350 I like exactly what you said. hH2fMeZyBL0-00054-00020350-00020598 Don’t change a thing hH2fMeZyBL0-00055-00020598-00020922 Ok guys, our company really needs to improve sales this year hH2fMeZyBL0-00056-00020922-00021124 or otherwise we’re gonna go bankrupt hH2fMeZyBL0-00057-00021124-00021222 I couldn’t agree more. hH2fMeZyBL0-00058-00021226-00021366 What do you think we should do? hH2fMeZyBL0-00059-00021367-00021723 You know, I think having more flowers at your wedding would look a lot better hH2fMeZyBL0-00060-00021723-00021972 I couldn’t agree more. hH2fMeZyBL0-00061-00021972-00022324 We want this to be as beautiful as possible hH2fMeZyBL0-00062-00022796-00023264 So “I disagree” is also a very general term. hH2fMeZyBL0-00063-00023264-00023470 You can use it in a lot of different ways hH2fMeZyBL0-00064-00023470-00023954 But here, the way I use it is going to mean something like uh, hH2fMeZyBL0-00065-00023954-00024192 真的假的 or 不可能 hH2fMeZyBL0-00066-00024192-00024354 No way. hH2fMeZyBL0-00067-00024354-00024494 That’s unbelievable. hH2fMeZyBL0-00068-00024494-00024668 That can’t be true hH2fMeZyBL0-00069-00024668-00024852 That kind of feeling hH2fMeZyBL0-00070-00024862-00025306 Get out of town hH2fMeZyBL0-00071-00025306-00025654 Get out of here hH2fMeZyBL0-00072-00025654-00025882 I don’t really know why it’s called that. hH2fMeZyBL0-00073-00025882-00026125 It just means you don’t believe them hH2fMeZyBL0-00074-00026125-00026456 Or what they said was crazy or ridiculous hH2fMeZyBL0-00075-00026456-00026857 So my brother just got divorced yesterday. hH2fMeZyBL0-00076-00026857-00026976 Isn’t that crazy? hH2fMeZyBL0-00077-00026976-00027170 Get outta town hH2fMeZyBL0-00078-00027170-00027362 Wait, isn’t his wife pregnant too? hH2fMeZyBL0-00079-00027395-00027660 So last weekend the Niners lost hH2fMeZyBL0-00080-00027660-00027760 Get outta here. hH2fMeZyBL0-00081-00027760-00027886 They were winning by 20 (points). hH2fMeZyBL0-00082-00027886-00028088 How could they have lost? hH2fMeZyBL0-00083-00028088-00028668 Are you serious? hH2fMeZyBL0-00084-00028714-00028804 Check it out guys! hH2fMeZyBL0-00085-00028806-00028895 Look what I got. hH2fMeZyBL0-00086-00028902-00029050 Some free french fries! hH2fMeZyBL0-00087-00029083-00029133 Wait what? hH2fMeZyBL0-00088-00029133-00029233 Are you serious? hH2fMeZyBL0-00089-00029233-00029438 I just paid for mine! hH2fMeZyBL0-00090-00029438-00029604 Did you watch the news today? hH2fMeZyBL0-00091-00029604-00029736 The iPhone 12 just came out hH2fMeZyBL0-00092-00029736-00029982 I just bought an iPhone 11 though. hH2fMeZyBL0-00093-00029982-00030136 C’mon are you serious? hH2fMeZyBL0-00094-00030152-00030442 Ughhh Capitalism! hH2fMeZyBL0-00095-00030500-00031286 Are you kidding me? hH2fMeZyBL0-00096-00031286-00031581 Um so I have some bad news. hH2fMeZyBL0-00097-00031581-00031844 I wrecked your car on accident today. hH2fMeZyBL0-00098-00031844-00031942 Are you mad? hH2fMeZyBL0-00099-00031942-00032092 Are you kidding me? hH2fMeZyBL0-00100-00032093-00032245 I just bought that last week hH2fMeZyBL0-00101-00032245-00032518 So you know how we were supposed to go to Disneyland on Saturday? hH2fMeZyBL0-00102-00032518-00032793 I kinda lost all of those tickets hH2fMeZyBL0-00103-00032793-00033013 Are you kidding me? hH2fMeZyBL0-00104-00033013-00033218 I just wanted to go to Star Wars Land hH2fMeZyBL0-00105-00033218-00033340 Now what are we gonna do? hH2fMeZyBL0-00106-00033438-00033854 You don’t know what you’re talking about hH2fMeZyBL0-00107-00033855-00034060 This one you need to be careful with because… hH2fMeZyBL0-00108-00034060-00034604 Unless you’re joking with your friends or you’re really upset at somebody hH2fMeZyBL0-00109-00034604-00035020 This one is dangerous to say because it can be highly offensive hH2fMeZyBL0-00110-00035020-00035178 So… watch out hH2fMeZyBL0-00111-00035178-00035497 I think the sushi we had earlier wasn’t very good hH2fMeZyBL0-00112-00035497-00035632 I think I have a stomach ache from it hH2fMeZyBL0-00113-00035632-00035810 You don’t know what you’re talking about hH2fMeZyBL0-00114-00035810-00035910 Oooohhh! hH2fMeZyBL0-00115-00036138-00036296 Um excuse me sir! hH2fMeZyBL0-00116-00036296-00036530 I can’t let you in without wearing pants! hH2fMeZyBL0-00117-00036530-00036586 I’m sorry hH2fMeZyBL0-00118-00036587-00036727 Whoa buddy! hH2fMeZyBL0-00119-00036727-00036876 You don’t know what you’re talking about hH2fMeZyBL0-00120-00036904-00037006 I’m the president. hH2fMeZyBL0-00121-00037006-00037176 I can do whatever I want! hH2fMeZyBL0-00122-00037296-00037589 Alright boys and girls, I think you know what’s next hH2fMeZyBL0-00123-00037589-00037704 Quiz Time! hH2fMeZyBL0-00124-00039166-00039462 Uh, one last thing I want to mention. hH2fMeZyBL0-00125-00039464-00039840 Even though these phrases all seem kind of similar hH2fMeZyBL0-00126-00039841-00040194 They are used differently in different situations hH2fMeZyBL0-00127-00040194-00040425 Now it’s too hard for me to really explain hH2fMeZyBL0-00128-00040425-00040738 But, again, like I always say hH2fMeZyBL0-00129-00040738-00040897 Like a broken record hH2fMeZyBL0-00130-00040897-00041427 Listen to native speakers, movies, TV shows hH2fMeZyBL0-00131-00041427-00041555 Whatever hH2fMeZyBL0-00132-00041555-00042063 And you will learn how to say it properly after hearing it multiple times hH2fMeZyBL0-00133-00042064-00042204 Alright I’m pooped (I’m tired) hH2fMeZyBL0-00134-00042204-00042494 But remember, if you need to watch it again hH2fMeZyBL0-00135-00042494-00042844 Please rewind the video and watch it hH2fMeZyBL0-00136-00042844-00043169 And of course check out one of my other videos to help you learn hH2fMeZyBL0-00137-00043169-00043671 even more native style everyday English that you can use hH2fMeZyBL0-00138-00043671-00043763 Alright I’m out hLxtlteK2h0-00000-00000297-00000654 Now, let's talk about gas problems with stoichiometry. hLxtlteK2h0-00001-00000654-00001122 So unfortunately, all of us, myself included hLxtlteK2h0-00002-00001122-00001333 have gas problems right now, hLxtlteK2h0-00003-00001333-00001682 and hopefully we'll resolve them soon. hLxtlteK2h0-00004-00001682-00001901 The Ideal Gas Law allows us to convert hLxtlteK2h0-00005-00001901-00002173 from the volume of the gas to moles, hLxtlteK2h0-00006-00002173-00002437 and then we can use the coefficients in the equation hLxtlteK2h0-00007-00002437-00002708 or the reaction as a mole ratio. hLxtlteK2h0-00008-00002708-00002958 And so that's what we've been doing hLxtlteK2h0-00009-00002958-00003232 some calculations with now is given pressure, hLxtlteK2h0-00010-00003232-00003615 volume and temperature of a gas, convert to moles. hLxtlteK2h0-00011-00003615-00003885 And that's done using the Ideal Gas Law. hLxtlteK2h0-00012-00004563-00004709 Okay? hLxtlteK2h0-00013-00004709-00005083 And stoichiometry means that you're gonna use hLxtlteK2h0-00014-00005083-00005439 a balanced reaction to convert from moles of A hLxtlteK2h0-00015-00005439-00005853 or moles of one thing to moles of B, something else, hLxtlteK2h0-00016-00005853-00006259 and when you do this, you always use the conversion factor hLxtlteK2h0-00017-00006259-00006523 that is based on the mole to mole ratio hLxtlteK2h0-00018-00007155-00007443 And the mole to mole ratios are constructed hLxtlteK2h0-00019-00007443-00007773 by using the coefficients from the balanced reaction. hLxtlteK2h0-00020-00008017-00008441 And I will abbreviate coefficients, such C-O-E-F-F hLxtlteK2h0-00021-00008441-00008611 coefficients of balanced reaction. hLxtlteK2h0-00022-00009164-00009499 And that's nothing new, we've been doing that hLxtlteK2h0-00023-00009499-00009935 since we worked with grams to moles and moles to moles. hLxtlteK2h0-00024-00009935-00010117 But what we're doing is we're developing hLxtlteK2h0-00025-00010117-00010317 a little flow chart here, hLxtlteK2h0-00026-00010317-00010566 and we're gonna put in the problems hLxtlteK2h0-00027-00010566-00010767 that we're about to do with gases, hLxtlteK2h0-00028-00010767-00010965 and then we're gonna reference some of the other problems hLxtlteK2h0-00029-00010965-00011260 we've already talked about in previous chapters. hLxtlteK2h0-00030-00011260-00011559 And then if you wanna go from moles of whatever it is hLxtlteK2h0-00031-00011559-00011769 to pressure, volume and temperature, hLxtlteK2h0-00032-00011769-00011945 again, you need the Ideal Gas Law. hLxtlteK2h0-00033-00012321-00012640 A flow chart, a roadmap of what we're doing here okay? hLxtlteK2h0-00034-00012640-00012822 And this is for gases, hLxtlteK2h0-00035-00012908-00013176 if you start with gases and you end with gases. hLxtlteK2h0-00036-00013435-00013753 Now for previous problems that we've solved, hLxtlteK2h0-00037-00013753-00014227 we've started with a solid or solids, hLxtlteK2h0-00038-00014227-00014521 and when you do that, you are typically given grams hLxtlteK2h0-00039-00015079-00015211 of some substance, hLxtlteK2h0-00040-00015555-00016053 and to get to moles, you use a conversion factor hLxtlteK2h0-00041-00016053-00016438 and that conversion factor, we call the molar mass. hLxtlteK2h0-00042-00016706-00017095 So it has units of grams per mole, hLxtlteK2h0-00043-00017095-00017294 and that allows us to change the units. hLxtlteK2h0-00044-00017414-00017703 And on the other side, we can do the same thing, hLxtlteK2h0-00045-00017799-00017955 we can use the molar mass, hLxtlteK2h0-00046-00018428-00018649 to get to grams of B. hLxtlteK2h0-00047-00019147-00019309 And for solids. hLxtlteK2h0-00048-00019434-00019927 Okay, so, and these are all of the calculations we can do hLxtlteK2h0-00049-00019927-00020257 and again, the bottleneck here, hLxtlteK2h0-00050-00020257-00020544 or the point that we always have to go through hLxtlteK2h0-00051-00020544-00020956 is using a mole to mole ratio with coefficients hLxtlteK2h0-00052-00020956-00021106 of the balanced reaction. hLxtlteK2h0-00053-00021246-00021390 Now, there are two other phases hLxtlteK2h0-00054-00021390-00021565 that we've talked about in this class. hLxtlteK2h0-00055-00021565-00021788 Those are the liquid phase hLxtlteK2h0-00056-00021788-00022011 and the aqueous phase for solutions. hLxtlteK2h0-00057-00022011-00022191 Let's tackle aqueous next. hLxtlteK2h0-00058-00022299-00022538 And I'll just write AQ here. hLxtlteK2h0-00059-00022538-00022753 When you're dealing with the aqueous phase, hLxtlteK2h0-00060-00022952-00023110 to get mole information, hLxtlteK2h0-00061-00023110-00023579 you're typically given milliliters of solution hLxtlteK2h0-00062-00023579-00023839 or a volume of solution, but I'll write milliliters, hLxtlteK2h0-00063-00024334-00024648 A, so some sort of aqueous solution, hLxtlteK2h0-00064-00024648-00025000 and you're also given a molarity. hLxtlteK2h0-00065-00025000-00025233 And it is the molarity that allows you hLxtlteK2h0-00066-00025432-00025799 to convert into moles. hLxtlteK2h0-00067-00025799-00026296 So two pieces of information here, and likewise, hLxtlteK2h0-00068-00026895-00027010 on the other end, hLxtlteK2h0-00069-00027563-00027793 you can get two milliliters on the other side. hLxtlteK2h0-00070-00027895-00028378 Using molarity this time, molarity of, aqueous B solution. hLxtlteK2h0-00071-00028470-00028824 And so we've actually now, these are all of the calculations hLxtlteK2h0-00072-00028824-00029014 that we typically do in this course hLxtlteK2h0-00073-00029014-00029256 called stoichiometry calculations, hLxtlteK2h0-00074-00029256-00029756 and you can start with a P, V, T of a gas, hLxtlteK2h0-00075-00029804-00030181 and be asked for grams of one of the products hLxtlteK2h0-00076-00030181-00030489 or grams of one of the other reactants. hLxtlteK2h0-00077-00030489-00030822 You can move through any system here. hLxtlteK2h0-00078-00030822-00031105 And so this summarizes all of the calculations hLxtlteK2h0-00079-00031105-00031267 that we've had to do so far. hLxtlteK2h0-00080-00031436-00031814 And there's one type of calculation that we haven't done, hLxtlteK2h0-00081-00031814-00032103 I wanna add that, it doesn't come up that often, hLxtlteK2h0-00082-00032310-00032535 but it is a useful conversion factor. hLxtlteK2h0-00083-00032535-00033035 That's for the liquid phase, and for a liquid phase, hLxtlteK2h0-00084-00033048-00033325 the most typical way that you're given information hLxtlteK2h0-00085-00033325-00033806 about a liquid is you will be given milliliters of liquid. hLxtlteK2h0-00086-00034097-00034381 And you know, that you're given milliliters of a liquid hLxtlteK2h0-00087-00034381-00034862 when the phase or state is called liquid. hLxtlteK2h0-00088-00035070-00035445 And when it's a liquid, it's a pure liquid, hLxtlteK2h0-00089-00035920-00036186 and that's how you tell it from milliliters hLxtlteK2h0-00090-00036186-00036418 of an aqueous phase, where A is a solute. hLxtlteK2h0-00091-00036537-00036820 And to get from milliliters to moles, hLxtlteK2h0-00092-00036934-00037158 you actually need two steps. hLxtlteK2h0-00093-00037158-00037366 One, you need the density of the liquid, hLxtlteK2h0-00094-00037702-00037986 because density will be in grams per mole, hLxtlteK2h0-00095-00037986-00038172 and that will allow you, oh sorry, hLxtlteK2h0-00096-00038172-00038425 density will be in grams per milliliter, hLxtlteK2h0-00097-00038425-00038705 which will allow you to convert milliliters into grams, hLxtlteK2h0-00098-00039020-00039283 and then once you have grams, you need molar mass. hLxtlteK2h0-00099-00039485-00039866 Because that allows you to convert grams into moles. hLxtlteK2h0-00100-00039976-00040261 And we'll do the same thing for our flow chart over here, hLxtlteK2h0-00101-00040943-00041245 and again, this last type of calculation with pure liquids, hLxtlteK2h0-00102-00041420-00041565 it doesn't occur that often, hLxtlteK2h0-00103-00041729-00041937 but it's worth noting in case it does. hLxtlteK2h0-00104-00042182-00042494 Grams per milliliter, and then molar mass. hLxtlteK2h0-00105-00042855-00043232 So this chart is a summary hLxtlteK2h0-00106-00043232-00043477 of all the stoichiometry calculations hLxtlteK2h0-00107-00043477-00043681 that we can do in this course, hLxtlteK2h0-00108-00043681-00044024 and all of that, how the information is given to you hLxtlteK2h0-00109-00044024-00044251 depends on what phase you're dealing with, hLxtlteK2h0-00110-00044251-00044439 and these are all the phases we typically deal with hLxtlteK2h0-00111-00044439-00044557 in this course. hLxtlteK2h0-00112-00044557-00044751 And then the other thing to point out is, hLxtlteK2h0-00113-00044751-00045157 you always go through the mole to mole ratio hLxtlteK2h0-00114-00045157-00045396 and the coefficients of the balanced reaction. hLxtlteK2h0-00115-00045396-00045641 So let's see how that works. hLxtlteK2h0-00116-00045823-00046137 This question says, "What volume of hydrogen hLxtlteK2h0-00117-00046137-00046637 "is needed to make 35.7 grams of CH3OH," that's a methanol, hLxtlteK2h0-00118-00046744-00047117 "At a specific pressure and a specific temperature?" hLxtlteK2h0-00119-00047117-00047617 So, we have 35.7 grams of methanol, hLxtlteK2h0-00120-00047731-00047881 a product in this case, hLxtlteK2h0-00121-00048055-00048411 we have grams of methanol, we'll use the molar mass hLxtlteK2h0-00122-00048411-00048718 to get to moles of A, then we'll use the coefficients hLxtlteK2h0-00123-00048718-00049073 in the balanced reaction to get from moles of A, hLxtlteK2h0-00124-00049073-00049453 which is methanol to moles of B, which is hydrogen. hLxtlteK2h0-00125-00049453-00049651 And then we'll use the Ideal Gas Law, hLxtlteK2h0-00126-00049651-00049878 to get to a pressure, volume and temperature, hLxtlteK2h0-00127-00049878-00050130 and in fact, what we're looking for this time hLxtlteK2h0-00128-00050130-00050330 is volume of hydrogen. hLxtlteK2h0-00129-00050414-00050611 So that's a roadmap for this problem, hLxtlteK2h0-00130-00050611-00051098 and this is a really useful thing to have while you work, hLxtlteK2h0-00131-00051098-00051317 basically problems, are a lot of problems hLxtlteK2h0-00132-00051317-00051464 for the rest of the semester. hLxtlteK2h0-00133-00051613-00051767 So let me show you what I mean. hLxtlteK2h0-00134-00051984-00052424 So we're gonna start with the grams of methanol, CH3OH. hLxtlteK2h0-00135-00052530-00052614 Oop. hLxtlteK2h0-00136-00053066-00053224 So lets scribble that out. hLxtlteK2h0-00137-00053224-00053475 We have grams of methanol and we're gonna use hLxtlteK2h0-00138-00053475-00053691 the mole or mass of methanol. hLxtlteK2h0-00139-00053691-00054062 And the mole or mass of methanol is going to be 12.01. hLxtlteK2h0-00140-00054149-00054649 We have plus four for hydrogens, times 1.08 plus 16, hLxtlteK2h0-00141-00054931-00055015 32.04. hLxtlteK2h0-00142-00056238-00056321 Like so. hLxtlteK2h0-00143-00056407-00056907 From there, we need a mole to mole ratio, hLxtlteK2h0-00144-00056924-00057159 for this one we're gonna put one mole hLxtlteK2h0-00145-00057159-00057331 of methanol on the bottom, hLxtlteK2h0-00146-00057421-00057921 and two moles of hydrogen on top. hLxtlteK2h0-00147-00058009-00058175 This will get us moles, hLxtlteK2h0-00148-00058175-00058473 and this is where I'm going to solve, hLxtlteK2h0-00149-00058473-00058711 and then plug into the Ideal Gas Law. hLxtlteK2h0-00150-00058711-00058857 There are ways to use the picket fence hLxtlteK2h0-00151-00058857-00059174 with the railroad tracks to solve the Ideal Gas Law, hLxtlteK2h0-00152-00059174-00059542 right in the picket fence but, and you're free to use that, hLxtlteK2h0-00153-00059542-00059706 but I'm gonna separate them. hLxtlteK2h0-00154-00059829-00060324 Let's say, so 35.7 grams hLxtlteK2h0-00155-00060324-00060762 divided by 32.04 times two, hLxtlteK2h0-00156-00060762-00061213 I get 2.23 moles of hydrogen. hLxtlteK2h0-00157-00061855-00062355 Then I have moles, I have temperature, and I have pressure, hLxtlteK2h0-00158-00062433-00062663 I have some unit conversion to do here. hLxtlteK2h0-00159-00062867-00062973 Let's do that first. hLxtlteK2h0-00160-00063553-00063880 There are 760 millimeters mercury in one atmosphere, hLxtlteK2h0-00161-00065066-00065244 0.971, hLxtlteK2h0-00162-00065897-00066135 then PV equals NRT. hLxtlteK2h0-00163-00066454-00066549 Plug everything in. hLxtlteK2h0-00164-00067307-00067433 I was looking for my volume, hLxtlteK2h0-00165-00067433-00067594 but that's what we're solving for, hLxtlteK2h0-00166-00067594-00067816 always helps to reread the question. hLxtlteK2h0-00167-00067816-00067942 I have my moles. hLxtlteK2h0-00168-00068959-00069459 I always write out my ideal gas constant, hLxtlteK2h0-00169-00069465-00069679 liter atmospheres per mole Kelvin, hLxtlteK2h0-00170-00069842-00070127 and in Kelvin, my temperature is 355. hLxtlteK2h0-00171-00070569-00070926 Now again, so, take all the right-hand side, hLxtlteK2h0-00172-00070926-00071138 divide it by the left-hand side to solve hLxtlteK2h0-00173-00071138-00071336 for my volume of hydrogen gas. hLxtlteK2h0-00174-00071615-00071770 Let's see, where can I do this? hLxtlteK2h0-00175-00071878-00071961 There we go. hLxtlteK2h0-00176-00071961-00072131 Apologize if this is a little jumpy, hLxtlteK2h0-00177-00072267-00072705 2.23 times 0.08206, hLxtlteK2h0-00178-00072883-00073123 times 355 divided by 0.971. hLxtlteK2h0-00179-00073379-00073832 I get 66.9 liters, and that's a fine answer, hLxtlteK2h0-00180-00074088-00074532 you can also write of H2 gas, since that's what it is. hLxtlteK2h0-00181-00075223-00075463 This one is a companion problem, hLxtlteK2h0-00182-00075848-00076139 and this one is a companion problem as well. hM0noFc4R4M-00000-00000000-00000200 Bathroom Blowout! hMlyTTbPLFE-00000-00519984-00520184 Like, Share and Subscribe! hQ7XTf4miUg-00000-00000000-00000200 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Remastered Amazing Graphic hSk7SiIkjxQ-00000-00000584-00001096 Hailing from Ireland, The Cranberries would be the largest musical export from the country since U2. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00001-00001096-00001544 The band’s first two albums which were released in the 90's would be massive sellers, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00002-00001544-00002023 but by the later part of the decade, band was on the brink of collapse. Cancelled tours and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00003-00002023-00002646 controversy led to the band falling apart almost a decade after taking over the world. The band would hSk7SiIkjxQ-00004-00002646-00003208 remerge in 2009 until it all came crashing down almost a decade later resulting n the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00005-00003208-00003544 end of one of the most successful alternative bands to come out of the last three decades.. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00006-00004120-00004616 Brought up in a strict Catholic household, The Cranberries Deloris O’Riordan was born in 1971 hSk7SiIkjxQ-00007-00004616-00005064 and grew up about in a two-bedroom cottage in the countryside about 5 miles outside of hSk7SiIkjxQ-00008-00005064-00005536 the irish City of Limerick in a town called Ballybricken. The youngest of seven children, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00009-00005536-00006016 including five boys and one girl, Her dad was an ex- farm labourer who suffered a hSk7SiIkjxQ-00010-00006016-00006504 serious bike accident leaving him unable to work. Her mother wanted deloris to get hSk7SiIkjxQ-00011-00006504-00006992 a college degree and become a music teacher Despite growing up around a lot of family, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00012-00006992-00007472 darkness was also present in her childhood. She would reveal years later that she suffered abuse hSk7SiIkjxQ-00013-00007472-00007872 at the hands of an older man and at the age of 7 witnessed her sister hSk7SiIkjxQ-00014-00007872-00008432 accidentally burning down her families home. She would famously tell Rolling Stone in 1995 hSk7SiIkjxQ-00015-00008432-00008840 “I have a lot of secrets about my childhood.” Growing up around in a home of mostly men, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00016-00008840-00009144 she offered Rolling Stone her assessment of Irish culture saying hSk7SiIkjxQ-00017-00009144-00009456 “My mom always had a softer spot for boys, as a lot of Irish women hSk7SiIkjxQ-00018-00009456-00009792 do,” s “If you were a girl, you’d have to sing or wear a pretty dress. But boys could just sit hSk7SiIkjxQ-00019-00009792-00010232 there and be brilliant for sitting there and being boys. It makes you that little bit more hSk7SiIkjxQ-00020-00010232-00010776 forward. Pushy. I was singing, always.” It would result in O’Riardan growing up as a tom boy and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00021-00010776-00011232 spending most of her time around boys since there really weren’t a lot of girls where she lived hSk7SiIkjxQ-00022-00011232-00011736 and popular music wasn’t part of Deloris early life given her strict upbringing being more hSk7SiIkjxQ-00023-00011736-00012248 influenced by traditional irish, and classical and church music recalling to the same magazine. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00024-00012248-00012664 “I played the church organ for about eight years and did a lot of Gregorian hymns and chants,”“Not hSk7SiIkjxQ-00025-00012736-00013136 a lot of young people do that anymore. Where I grew up there wasn’t even a town, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00026-00013136-00013688 but you had the church.” At the age of 5 her nursery’s headmistress stood up O’Riordan on hSk7SiIkjxQ-00027-00013688-00014080 the piano in the class and asked her to sing for the whole class. And this was something hSk7SiIkjxQ-00028-00014080-00014480 that continued well into her teenage years. After learning the piano O’riardan would hSk7SiIkjxQ-00029-00014480-00014863 write her first song at the age of 12 called “Calling.” She would admit to hSk7SiIkjxQ-00030-00014863-00015312 Rolling stone the song was about her 12 year old self having a crush on a much older man. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00031-00015368-00015816 She would soon become known as the girl in school who and i quote "who wrote songs.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00032-00015816-00016288 While she never stray too far from her conservative upbringing in her later teen years hSk7SiIkjxQ-00033-00016288-00016656 she did discover one thing that would have a profound impact on her song writing and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00034-00016656-00017176 that would be her relationships she had with the opposite sex. She would admit to Siren magazine hSk7SiIkjxQ-00035-00017176-00017632 “The way i see it is that a boy will tell you how mad he is about you and when you start telling him hSk7SiIkjxQ-00036-00017632-00018104 how you feel,he acts differently. They can’t take anything seriously really.” she'd say. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00037-00018104-00018536 In 1990 she would hear from a friend that a local band named Cranberry Saw Us hSk7SiIkjxQ-00038-00018536-00018952 if you said the band’s name quickly it would sound like cranberry sauce. They were looking to hSk7SiIkjxQ-00039-00018952-00019476 replace their newly departed singer a male named Niall Quinn. Up until this point Cranberry Saw hSk7SiIkjxQ-00040-00019476-00019984 Us were a novelty act with titles like “Throw Me Down a Big Stairs” and “Good Morning God.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00041-00019984-00020488 O’Riordan and cranberry saw us seemed like a match made in heaven. O’Riordan wrote her own songs, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00042-00020488-00021024 had an incredible voice and Cranberry Saw Us wanted a female singer to fit their new shimmering hSk7SiIkjxQ-00043-00021024-00021576 dreamy sound. The band was made up of brothers Noel and Mike Hogan on guitar and bass and an old hSk7SiIkjxQ-00044-00021576-00021984 schoolmate of their’s drummer Fergal Lawler. For brothers Noel and Mike, they would meet hSk7SiIkjxQ-00045-00021984-00022336 their drummer in Limerick who shared similar interest in music with them. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00046-00022336-00022864 Believe it or not, by the time the trio met up the hottest craze in Ireland as break dancing. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00047-00022864-00023472 The 1984 Hollywood film Breakin convinced young irish kids to buy track suits and boomboxes hSk7SiIkjxQ-00048-00023472-00023808 with Hogan remembering “There’s a big park in the center of Limerick,” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00049-00023808-00024160 “and every Saturday all the break dancers would go up there and boogie away the day.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00050-00024160-00024704 For O;Riordan she would lug her keyboard across limerick at the age of 18 to the audition while hSk7SiIkjxQ-00051-00024704-00025112 wearing a pink tracksuit with Hogan recalling “Dolores came and sang a few songs she had hSk7SiIkjxQ-00052-00025112-00025552 written,”. “We were blown away that this small girl from Limerick had such an amazing voice. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00053-00025552-00025792 The fact that she wasn’t already in a band was a miracle.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00054-00025888-00026304 O’Riordan would tell the Morning Call Newspaper her recollection of the audition saying “The hSk7SiIkjxQ-00055-00026304-00026672 songs that they had at the time were not my taste, but I saw the potential in the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00056-00026672-00027072 playing. It was easy for me because I knew, no matter what their first impressions were, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00057-00027072-00027416 that the minute I opened my mouth that they were going to be impressed" she'd say. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00058-00027416-00027872 O’Riordan would leave the audition with an instrumental track that consisted of four looping hSk7SiIkjxQ-00059-00027872-00028336 chords. She would return a week later with lyrics and the melody written to the song clinching the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00060-00028336-00028808 audition. That song that the group first worked on would be Linger, which would be one of the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00061-00028808-00029368 Cranberries biggest hits. The lyrics would be inspired by O’Riordan first boyfriend a 17 hSk7SiIkjxQ-00062-00029368-00030039 year old soldier who broke hand wrote her love sick letters while being deployed to Lebanon.. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00063-00030039-00030583 By O’Riordoa’s own admission she thought the style of personal and emotional music she was writing hSk7SiIkjxQ-00064-00030583-00031160 would probably never find an audience in ireland revealing to Siren magazine in 1992 “The music hSk7SiIkjxQ-00065-00031160-00031600 was so emotional I found that I could only write about personal things….I was sure that it would hSk7SiIkjxQ-00066-00031600-00032039 be considered soppy teenage crap, especially in Limerick, because most bands are really hSk7SiIkjxQ-00067-00032039-00032576 young (men), and their lyrics are humorous or mad. They don’t go pouring their hearts out"she'd say. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00068-00032576-00032960 After hearing Linger in it’s finished form the band knew they had a different sound. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00069-00032960-00033400 They continued to write more songs with Deloris and Noel forming a song writing partnership. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00070-00033400-00033896 The band formed soon focus was always on recording a demo they could shop around to record labels The hSk7SiIkjxQ-00071-00033896-00034400 band would be helped out by local musician named Pearse Gilmore who also owned a studio named Xeric hSk7SiIkjxQ-00072-00034400-00034872 which allowed the Cranberries to record their first demo, a four track EP named water circle. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00073-00034928-00035336 It was during this time the band played their first show at a place called Ruby’s a basement hSk7SiIkjxQ-00074-00035336-00035824 club in a hotel in Limerick with Lawler recalling to Rolling Stone “We just went up, and we had hSk7SiIkjxQ-00075-00035824-00036352 six songs. Dolores was turned to the side; Noel, Mike and I had our heads down. It was just, ‘OK, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00076-00036352-00036792 let’s get this over with, and that’ll be it.'” "We had some music together, we had 'Linger' hSk7SiIkjxQ-00077-00036792-00037152 and 'Sunday,' but really some of our songs hardly had words," hSk7SiIkjxQ-00078-00037152-00037576 After recording the group’s demo guitarist Noel Hogan quit his job fixing cash registers, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00079-00037576-00038008 and started working on sending out the group’s demos to labels and radio stations. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00080-00038008-00038400 It would be employee who worked at the Xeric studios where the band would cut their demo hSk7SiIkjxQ-00081-00038400-00038960 who provided Hogan with the addresses of record labels. When one of the demo tapes was sent back hSk7SiIkjxQ-00082-00038960-00039408 to the band it was addressed to “The Cranberries’ and thus the band's name was changed. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00083-00039408-00039872 The record labels would end up biting at the demo with Rough Trade records was the first label to hSk7SiIkjxQ-00084-00039872-00040424 show interest in the group followed by Virgin, Island and EMI. The onslaught of record label hSk7SiIkjxQ-00085-00040424-00040880 responses resulted in all the members quitting their day jobs. The band soon found themselves hSk7SiIkjxQ-00086-00040880-00041296 playing a showcase at a local university resulting in reps from these labels flying hSk7SiIkjxQ-00087-00041296-00041720 in from London to watch the performance. O’Riordan would recall to the LA Times hSk7SiIkjxQ-00088-00041720-00042144 We had been together six months and had just six songs to our name, and 32 (record company) hSk7SiIkjxQ-00089-00042144-00042488 people flew in to see us and we were afraid for our lives,” she said. “I’d never even heard hSk7SiIkjxQ-00090-00042488-00042976 the term record company until I was 18.” The band would end up signing with U2’s label hSk7SiIkjxQ-00091-00042976-00043496 Island records. One of the strangest moves the band made was who they hired as their manager. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00092-00043496-00043960 The band had some issues with their management early on resulting in their debut album being hSk7SiIkjxQ-00093-00043960-00044472 delayed. They would hire Geoff Travis, the head of Rough Trade Records who had tried signing the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00094-00044472-00044936 band. The group had negotiated with him prior to signing with Island and were impressed with hSk7SiIkjxQ-00095-00044936-00045384 him. Once the news came of the band’s signing with Island, they were gaining buzz from the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00096-00045384-00045824 british press throughout the summer and fall of 1991 even though they hadn’t put out their hSk7SiIkjxQ-00097-00045824-00046288 first major label release. Their first release for Island records would be an EP titled ‘Uncertain' hSk7SiIkjxQ-00098-00046288-00046792 which came out in the autum of 1991.’ The EP would be released under the name Xeric Records. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00099-00046792-00047120 The band soon hit the road playing a number of 3-week long tours across hSk7SiIkjxQ-00100-00047120-00047608 England supporting a variety of bands including Suede and Duran Duran, but they soon ran into hSk7SiIkjxQ-00101-00047608-00048064 problems. Their live performances needed work and life on the road proved difficult hSk7SiIkjxQ-00102-00048120-00048496 with Noel Hogan would recall Rolling Stone “We weren’t very good live,” . “We used to hSk7SiIkjxQ-00103-00048496-00048832 stand there very, very still, and things always went wrong. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00104-00048832-00049256 Things exploded all the time. “Dolores would have to sleep across our laps at night in the van.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00105-00049360-00049816 By early 1992 the Cranberries once again entered Xeric Studios once more with Pearse Gilmore to hSk7SiIkjxQ-00106-00049816-00050304 record their first full length record for Island. The initial sessions proved to be unsuccessful and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00107-00050304-00050824 led to Gilmore being fired from the project.The band was unhappy over Gilmore adding dance beats hSk7SiIkjxQ-00108-00050824-00051328 and industrial style guitar to their mixes. And he would be replaced by Morrissey’s producer Stephen hSk7SiIkjxQ-00109-00051328-00051904 Street. It would result in their major label debut 1993’s Everybody Else Is Doing It So Why Can’t We. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00110-00051904-00052279 The album’s first single Dreams gained traction at college and alternative rock hSk7SiIkjxQ-00111-00052279-00052696 stations and within 3 months of being released as a single the song showed up on the modern hSk7SiIkjxQ-00112-00052696-00053048 rock tracks chart and MTV soon started playing the video for the song on it’s hSk7SiIkjxQ-00113-00053048-00053576 program 120 minutes and the alternative nation. The labels strategy from the start was to build hSk7SiIkjxQ-00114-00053576-00054048 up momentum on college and alternative radio. From there the label would contact stations hSk7SiIkjxQ-00115-00054048-00054544 and video programs in those markets to see what could be done to expand the band’s reach. The hSk7SiIkjxQ-00116-00054544-00055016 label provided sampler cassettes with the songs 'Dreams' and snippets of several other tracks hSk7SiIkjxQ-00117-00055016-00055528 to independent retailers and smaller chains. The cassettes would also be provided at concerts and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00118-00055528-00055984 events that the label thought would have people who might like the Cranberries. The label also hSk7SiIkjxQ-00119-00055984-00056367 sent out thousands of postcards to thousands of people they lifted from magazine subscription hSk7SiIkjxQ-00120-00056367-00056976 lists, but the label was careful of one thing, not marketing the band’s name with any food tie in’s. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00121-00056976-00057424 Matt Stringer, who was Island Records Senior VP of Marketing would tell billboard magazine hSk7SiIkjxQ-00122-00057424-00057872 “one of our biggest concerns as we produced merchandising items was to make sure we kept hSk7SiIkjxQ-00123-00057872-00058376 them very specific to music.do a cassette not cranberry suace, mail a postcard don’t hSk7SiIkjxQ-00124-00058376-00058776 send out ocean spray cranberry juice. It was a concious decision to not be kitchy.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00125-00058888-00059376 Everybody Else wasn’t a huge success in Europe initially. One year after it’s release, and the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00126-00059376-00059912 reissue of singles dreams and linger and the fact that the album became a huge hit in America it hSk7SiIkjxQ-00127-00059912-00060352 finally went to number 1 in the UK. O’Riordon would tell the LA Times “It's very difficult hSk7SiIkjxQ-00128-00060352-00060736 to break in Europe unless you break in England, and it's very difficult to break in England if hSk7SiIkjxQ-00129-00060736-00061216 you're Irish. And why is because of history, basically," "Also, we weren't from Dublin, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00130-00061216-00061616 so we had all the odds against us when we started. Which is why we went to London, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00131-00061616-00062096 where people recognized a different voice and a band that writes good pop songs" she'd say. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00132-00062096-00062640 Everybody Else " became the most successful debut album from an Irish band even beating out U2's hSk7SiIkjxQ-00133-00062640-00063128 "Boy". The record sold upwards of 6 million copies worldwide, 4 million of those coming hSk7SiIkjxQ-00134-00063128-00063624 from America. "O riardon would tell the LA Times The first album was written over a period of two hSk7SiIkjxQ-00135-00063624-00064072 years at ages 19 and 20," "with your first big relationships and experience in the world as a hSk7SiIkjxQ-00136-00064072-00064528 young woman, moving out of home and getting signed to a record company and blah, blah, blah... ." hSk7SiIkjxQ-00137-00064528-00064928 Even before the group’s debut album broke big, the band had already written some of their second hSk7SiIkjxQ-00138-00064928-00065424 album while on the road. The Cranberries would avoid the sophomore jinx as their follow up No hSk7SiIkjxQ-00139-00065424-00065952 Need to Argue would prove to be a bigger hit than their first record. Lawler and Hogan would tell hSk7SiIkjxQ-00140-00065952-00066456 Forbes whether they felt the pressure from the first album’s success with Hogan saying it didn't hSk7SiIkjxQ-00141-00066456-00066824 change for us. I think we were tighter going in because we had toured so much and playing hSk7SiIkjxQ-00142-00066824-00067248 at the time—that we went in with Stephen and certainly felt more confident about it. We had hSk7SiIkjxQ-00143-00067248-00067688 matured as musicians. I think we've felt pretty good about it going in from the top he'd say. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00144-00067688-00067976 Hogan would credit the band’s live experience as contributing to their hSk7SiIkjxQ-00145-00067976-00068376 heavier sound on their sophomore album. The demos for their second album would be hSk7SiIkjxQ-00146-00068376-00068728 recorded at the Magic Shop Magic Shop in New York City. One of those songs that Delores hSk7SiIkjxQ-00147-00068728-00069056 would bring to sessions for their second album was tentatively titled In Your Head.. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00148-00069056-00069552 Later renamed Zombie it would be the biggest song of the Cranberries career with Noel Hogan telling hSk7SiIkjxQ-00149-00069552-00069984 Forbes his initial thoughts about hearing the demo Hogan: It was a change in direction sound-wise, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00150-00069984-00070336 obviously a lot harder than anything we've done. Dolores brought it in and she was playing hSk7SiIkjxQ-00151-00070336-00070776 it on an acoustic. We started doing what we'd normally do and made it that kind of sweet indie hSk7SiIkjxQ-00152-00070776-00071264 pop thing. It was one of the times where she said: “Look, that's not gonna really work with this. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00153-00071264-00071664 it's a kind of ‘I'm pissed off song, I'm angry about this,’ and I think the music should reflect hSk7SiIkjxQ-00154-00071664-00072064 it.” So she wanted me to play harder on the guitar, and certainly on the drums as well. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00155-00072064-00072456 When we did “Zombie,” we realized that you can actually be heavy and still have melody. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00156-00072456-00072984 Released as a single in September of 1994, Zombie was an anti-war hSk7SiIkjxQ-00157-00072984-00073384 anthem that took aim at the religious and nationalistic violence in Northern Ireland hSk7SiIkjxQ-00158-00073384-00073736 also known as “The Troubles”. By this point in time, the violence in Northern Ireland hSk7SiIkjxQ-00159-00073736-00074200 was relentless and occurring almost on a weekly basis. By the time the song was written almost hSk7SiIkjxQ-00160-00074200-00074688 3,500 people had died and tens of thousands were injured in more than 30 years of conflict. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00161-00074688-00075032 There would be one incident in particular which inspired the creation of the song hSk7SiIkjxQ-00162-00075032-00075544 and that occured On March 20, 1993. Explosives hidden under a garbage can in the city of hSk7SiIkjxQ-00163-00075544-00075984 Warrington in Northwestern England, took the lives of a 3 year old and 12 year old boy and injured hSk7SiIkjxQ-00164-00075984-00076456 dozens of others. The two boys had gone shopping \on one of the town's busiest shopping streets hSk7SiIkjxQ-00165-00076456-00076832 and the same point in time The Cranberries were on tour in the UK and frontwoman Deloris hSk7SiIkjxQ-00166-00076832-00077248 O’Riordon was on the band’s tour bus in London when she heard the news. It was hSk7SiIkjxQ-00167-00077248-00077664 something that would stick with her for the next little while. And almost 2.5 decades after writing hSk7SiIkjxQ-00168-00077664-00078056 the song O’ Riordon would look back on the song saying “I remember at the time there were a lot hSk7SiIkjxQ-00169-00078056-00078432 of bombs going off in London and the Troubles were pretty bad,”. “I remember being on tour hSk7SiIkjxQ-00170-00078432-00078832 and being in the UK at the time when the child died, and just being really sad about it all. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00171-00078832-00079232 These bombs are going off in random places. It could have been anyone, you know? So I suppose hSk7SiIkjxQ-00172-00079232-00079848 that’s why I was saying, ‘It’s not me’ – The song was written by O’Riordan originally hSk7SiIkjxQ-00173-00079848-00080184 on acoustic guitar late one night by herself on the groups UK tour. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00174-00080184-00080560 The band would record the song in Dublin with producer Stephen Street, who spent a fair deal hSk7SiIkjxQ-00175-00080560-00081016 of time getting the guitars to sound like other alternative music that was popular at the time. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00176-00081016-00081328 However, O’Riordon would push back against the assertion that the band was hSk7SiIkjxQ-00177-00081328-00081752 capitalizing off the popualrity of grunge music revealing “It came organically because we were hSk7SiIkjxQ-00178-00081752-00082072 using our live instruments, we were plugging in a lot, and we started to mess around with hSk7SiIkjxQ-00179-00082072-00082416 feedback and distortion. When you’re on tour you start to mess around a bit more with the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00180-00082416-00082832 live side of things. There were a lot of bands around that were part of the grunge thing, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00181-00082832-00083248 and this wasn’t grunge, but the timing was good. We couldn’t have really fitted in with grunge, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00182-00083248-00083624 because we were just a different type of a band. We were Irish and from Limerick, and we had a lot hSk7SiIkjxQ-00183-00083624-00084016 of our own ideas. A lot of the grunge bands were very similar to each other.” she’d say hSk7SiIkjxQ-00184-00084016-00084408 The Cranberries' former manager Allen Kovac revealed to Rolling Stone magazine that the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00185-00084408-00084888 group’s label Island Records urged the Cranberries not to release the "politically urgent" song hSk7SiIkjxQ-00186-00084888-00085384 as a single. The label offered O’Riordan one million dollars do work on a different song, but hSk7SiIkjxQ-00187-00085384-00085848 she ripped up the cheque according to Kovac with him remembering "Dolores was a very small, fragile hSk7SiIkjxQ-00188-00085848-00086240 person, but very opinionated,". "Her belief was that she was an international artist and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00189-00086240-00086600 she wanted to break the rest of the world, and ‘Zombie’ was part of that evolution. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00190-00086600-00087008 She felt the need to expand beyond ‘I love you, you love me’ and write about what was hSk7SiIkjxQ-00191-00087008-00087360 happening in Ireland at the time" he'd say. Also heping the song’s popularity was the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00192-00087360-00087832 memorable music video which received heavy play on MTV. Incorporating footage of the conflict hSk7SiIkjxQ-00193-00087832-00088256 in Northern Ireland spliced with O’Riordan who was painted gold and in the company of silver hSk7SiIkjxQ-00194-00088256-00088752 painted cherubs. The band would turn to director Samuel Bayer to direct the video. He had a pretty hSk7SiIkjxQ-00195-00088752-00089288 impressive list of credits including working on Nirvana’s Smells Like Teen Spirit video and Blind hSk7SiIkjxQ-00196-00089288-00089760 Melon’s video for No Rain. Bayer, flew to Belfast shortly before the ceasefireto get footage of hSk7SiIkjxQ-00197-00089760-00090224 the area - and those are real British soldiers and local children you see in the music video, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00198-00090224-00090664 O’Riordan for her part would praise Bayer saying“I actually thought the director was very brave,”. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00199-00090664-00091032 “When he got back, he was pretty pumped – there was a lot of adrenalin pumping through him. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00200-00091032-00091384 He was telling me how tense it was and how he was blown away by the wholething. He got hSk7SiIkjxQ-00201-00091384-00091800 footage of the kids jumping from one building to another, and he got a lot of footage of the army. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00202-00091800-00092136 He was a very good director.” she’d say. Zombie would end up going number 1 in hSk7SiIkjxQ-00203-00092136-00092536 several countries on the rock charts and would be certified platinum in Germany and Australia. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00204-00092536-00092920 The Cranberies got the opportunity to perform the song live at the Nobel Peace Prize hSk7SiIkjxQ-00205-00092920-00093336 Ceremony to honor those who brought a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00206-00093336-00093712 No Need To Argue would go on to sell almost 20 million copies on the strength of the single hSk7SiIkjxQ-00207-00093712-00094336 Zombie. While Zombie dealt with politics, other songs saw the band look inwards with O’Riordan hSk7SiIkjxQ-00208-00094336-00094720 telling the washington post “The first album was written when I was younger and just kind of hSk7SiIkjxQ-00209-00094720-00095144 getting into things,” “When I was younger, people would manipulate me more. I was a bit too nice for hSk7SiIkjxQ-00210-00095144-00095496 my own good. You can have the greatest voice and the greatest ambitions, but if you don’t hSk7SiIkjxQ-00211-00095496-00095848 know where to tell people to get off... “I experienced a lot of betrayal “It’s hSk7SiIkjxQ-00212-00095848-00096264 not like a lovey-dovey world at all. A lot of songs were confronting different situations.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00213-00096264-00096536 In the same interview she would allude to former associates with hSk7SiIkjxQ-00214-00096536-00096944 whom the band had ended up at odds with as well It was during the mid 90’s o’riardon married hSk7SiIkjxQ-00215-00096944-00097440 Duran Duran’s Tour Manager Don Burton who would soon became the Cranberries manager. The marriage hSk7SiIkjxQ-00216-00097440-00097920 offered a feeling of protection for O’Riardon and the success of the cranberries saw constant hSk7SiIkjxQ-00217-00097920-00098400 comparisons to Harriet Wheeler from the Sundays and Sinead O’Connor. Side note guys, i've done hSk7SiIkjxQ-00218-00098400-00098824 a whole video on the career of The Sundays. The link is down below. O’Riordan for her part would hSk7SiIkjxQ-00219-00098824-00099328 respond to these comparisons saying The only thing about being a girl and the lead singer and main hSk7SiIkjxQ-00220-00099328-00099720 writer is that you’re the one who the guy tries to fool to get into your pants,” . “And that’s hSk7SiIkjxQ-00221-00099720-00100160 happened to me countless amounts of times. There is a lot of chauvinism in the music industry. I’m hSk7SiIkjxQ-00222-00100160-00100536 glad to be married — and that’s one of the reasons — so that I don’t feel exposed anymore that way.” hSk7SiIkjxQ-00223-00100608-00101128 To Support the album the band landed some prime spots playing woodstock 94 and performing an mtv hSk7SiIkjxQ-00224-00101128-00101536 unplugged set, but things were rocky for the band during the tour to promote the album. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00225-00101536-00102008 The band soon developed a mistrust of the media. While they were dubbed the new Smiths early on in hSk7SiIkjxQ-00226-00102008-00102456 their career, some in the UK press ignored the band until they finally broke big in America. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00227-00102520-00102880 Soob enough reports would surface that infighting was brewing within the band hSk7SiIkjxQ-00228-00102935-00103359 with breakup rumors being published quite frequently in the press. Then in the UK, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00229-00103359-00103904 the paper the daily star was sued by O’Riardon for claiming she cavorted on stage without undewear hSk7SiIkjxQ-00230-00103904-00104320 during a show in hamburg, germany. The newspaper would end up having to issue an apology to the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00231-00104320-00104832 frontwomen and pay her $15K which she would donate the money to charity The Irish tabloids hSk7SiIkjxQ-00232-00104832-00105320 sent photographers to wait outside of O’Riordan and her husband’s home scoring a shot of the two hSk7SiIkjxQ-00233-00105320-00105744 shopping that when published, resulted in rumors of a potential breakup of the band hSk7SiIkjxQ-00234-00105744-00106159 and O’Riordon having a breakdown. Her feelings of the media would be captured hSk7SiIkjxQ-00235-00106159-00106624 in the song Free to Decide on their third album. On top of the world The Cranberries were scheduled hSk7SiIkjxQ-00236-00106624-00107200 to play a free show in washington dc that turned into a disaster.A local radio station named WHFS hSk7SiIkjxQ-00237-00107200-00107664 sponsored the show with 3,000 people expected to attend, but more than triple that number hSk7SiIkjxQ-00238-00107664-00108111 showed up. There simply weren’t enough police to work the event and given it was a monday, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00239-00108111-00108608 a lot of kids skipped school and the station and police were surprised at the audience numbers. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00240-00108608-00109000 The show would start 45 minutes late and the station’s promotions manager hSk7SiIkjxQ-00241-00109000-00109568 would recall to wtop.com that O’Riorrdan wasn’t in a rush to take the stage spending time backstage hSk7SiIkjxQ-00242-00109568-00110135 filing her nails. The restless crowd soon started a mosh pit and started stage diving Once the band hSk7SiIkjxQ-00243-00110135-00110559 hit the stage, they made it through about a song and a half before the organizers and the police hSk7SiIkjxQ-00244-00110559-00111024 pulled the plug on the band resulting in angry fans pelting the police and stage with rocks, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00245-00111024-00111456 food and beer bottles. The band would disappear from the stage and were quickly driven to the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00246-00111456-00111896 airport. It was reported that o riardan’s acoustic guitar was stolen in the mayhem. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00247-00111959-00112464 The band would release their third album in 1996 To The Faithful Departed which was named after hSk7SiIkjxQ-00248-00112464-00113008 a line in a Catholic prayer. The album sold quite well moving 4 million copies worldwide, but it was hSk7SiIkjxQ-00249-00113008-00113456 a steep drop in sales from their past records. Inspired by the success of 'Zombie,' the band hSk7SiIkjxQ-00250-00113456-00113976 included a few politically charged songs including War Child and Bosnia, but tracks like these were hSk7SiIkjxQ-00251-00113976-00114440 called naive by critics. The album would be the first to not feature the infamous Cranberries hSk7SiIkjxQ-00252-00114440-00114992 couch on the front cover. The single salvation was in response to the spat of musical related deaths hSk7SiIkjxQ-00253-00114992-00115400 since the band’s last album including Blind Melon's Shannon Hoon, The Smashing Pumpkins hSk7SiIkjxQ-00254-00115400-00115928 Jonathan Melvoin, Nirvana's Kurt Cobain, and Sublime's Bradley Nowell. Side note guys i’ve done hSk7SiIkjxQ-00255-00115928-00116432 videos on these bands the links are down below. O’ Riordan would admit to billboard that by 1996 hSk7SiIkjxQ-00256-00116432-00116824 the band was burnt out admitting “we overworked ourselves and our hearts weren’t in it at all and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00257-00116824-00117248 everyone could see that. . We should have taken a break, but we went back into the studio. A lot hSk7SiIkjxQ-00258-00117248-00117752 of people died around that time and the album was really down.” In just three years the band toured hSk7SiIkjxQ-00259-00117752-00118224 the world 3 times taking no longer than a 6 week break during this time. The strain soon started to hSk7SiIkjxQ-00260-00118224-00118776 show on the the tour for the album was fraught with problems as O’Riardan injuring her knee hSk7SiIkjxQ-00261-00118776-00119248 and only 6 months after their third record came out the entire tour was caled off. Reports at hSk7SiIkjxQ-00262-00119248-00119704 the time cited O’Riaodan’s health issues as the cause for the cancellation with it coming out hSk7SiIkjxQ-00263-00119704-00120128 that she was dealing with and i quote "stress and exhaustion." Following the tour's cancellation, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00264-00120128-00120559 the band members wouldn't meet for several months at a time while O'Riordan went into seclusion hSk7SiIkjxQ-00265-00120559-00121048 The orlando sentinel interviewed o riordan in 1999 where she discussed what was going on behind the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00266-00121048-00121488 scenes revealing she had a mental breakdown, but it would be giving birth to her first child that hSk7SiIkjxQ-00267-00121488-00121864 got her through the difficult times revealing "If it wasn't for my son, we wouldn't hSk7SiIkjxQ-00268-00121864-00122208 be together at all," O'Riordan says. "I hated singing, I hated being on stage, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00269-00122208-00122456 I hated being in the Cranberries," "I was constantly crying.. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00270-00122456-00122896 "I wanted to be a shopkeeper, a hairdresser, anything. I was so desperate to have a reality, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00271-00122896-00123288 friends, a regular boring life. I missed that. I wanted to make my own toast in the morning hSk7SiIkjxQ-00272-00123288-00123711 and just call my friend Nora and see what was up." When I got pregnant,", "I started singing again." hSk7SiIkjxQ-00273-00123711-00124120 By the late 90's The Cranberries were less focused on album sales and more focused hSk7SiIkjxQ-00274-00124120-00124544 on something more important happiness. By 1999 they would release their fourth hSk7SiIkjxQ-00275-00124544-00125040 album Bury the Hatchet but behind the scenes there were a lot of moving parts at their record label. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00276-00125096-00125544 Island records would be scooped up as part of the Universal/Polygram merger and in some hSk7SiIkjxQ-00277-00125544-00125983 respects The Cranberries were one of the first major releases since the merger took place hSk7SiIkjxQ-00278-00125983-00126440 While the band had been press shy in more recent years due to their mistrust of the media, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00279-00126440-00126911 for this album they were venturing out and doing a little more press. The group's fourth album hSk7SiIkjxQ-00280-00126911-00127448 sold about 2.4 million copies worldwide and it once again went gold in America. That feeling hSk7SiIkjxQ-00281-00127448-00128008 of being a band instead of possibly being a solo seemed to reinvigorate O’Riordan telling hSk7SiIkjxQ-00282-00128008-00128472 billboard everytime i meet solo artists they look a bit sad. They have nobody to hang around with hSk7SiIkjxQ-00283-00128472-00128911 When we have a shit gig I love the fact that we can all go and get hammered together"she'd say hSk7SiIkjxQ-00284-00128911-00129392 The band’s final release before their long hiatus would be 2002’s Wake Up and Smell the Coffee. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00285-00129392-00129816 The album was created by a more mature and happier band whose members were all married hSk7SiIkjxQ-00286-00129816-00130256 and raising families. O’Riordan would give birth to her second child during the recording of the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00287-00130256-00130648 album and it would be that life changing experience that could be heard on the songs hSk7SiIkjxQ-00288-00130648-00131032 never grow old and pretty eyes. She would tell the orlando sentinel hSk7SiIkjxQ-00289-00131088-00131472 "It's great to be able to say, 'Oh, this is it. I'm 30 with two kids, and I've accomplished a hSk7SiIkjxQ-00290-00131472-00131904 lot with the band, and I'm still normal,' " While the band’s original recording contract was signed hSk7SiIkjxQ-00291-00131904-00132424 with island records in 1991, they were soon transferred to MCA as part of record label hSk7SiIkjxQ-00292-00132424-00133000 mergers and renegotiations Wake UP and Smell the Coffee would be the band’s only release on MCA. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00293-00133056-00133424 The album wouldn’t even chart in the top 40, but still sold over a million copies hSk7SiIkjxQ-00294-00133424-00133984 worldwide. . Despite this the band was still selling out on tour and bringing in thousands hSk7SiIkjxQ-00295-00133984-00134376 of fans a night. The band, who was unhappy with the promotion of their latest album hSk7SiIkjxQ-00296-00134376-00134904 had received decided to terminate their relationship with their label MCA in 2003. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00297-00134904-00135376 O’Riordan would issue a statement that read "Since we were signed in 1991 by Island Records, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00298-00135376-00135776 we have gradually seen our label dissolve from a pioneering independent spirited label into hSk7SiIkjxQ-00299-00135776-00136128 a corporate monolith that completely lost touch with the group's creative vision," hSk7SiIkjxQ-00300-00136184-00136504 "All of the people we have worked with over the years [in America and England] have been hSk7SiIkjxQ-00301-00136504-00136880 fired or left the company, so the band felt it was time to move on to new opportunities." hSk7SiIkjxQ-00302-00136936-00137360 It was reported at the time that The Cranberries would find a new label and put out a new record hSk7SiIkjxQ-00303-00137360-00137776 But by the end of 2003 it was announced the members would take a hiatus and prusue hSk7SiIkjxQ-00304-00137776-00138272 individual music careers and spend moe time with family. During their time apart the members would hSk7SiIkjxQ-00305-00138272-00138672 rarely see one another. During their break O’Riordan recorded several solo albums, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00306-00138672-00139120 and collaborated with other artists and the Cranberries regrouped in 2009, eventually hSk7SiIkjxQ-00307-00139120-00139672 releasing one of their strongest albums to date, Roses. By 2012 O’Riordan’s life took a turn for hSk7SiIkjxQ-00308-00139672-00140104 the worse as she was dealing with addiction to pills and alcohol as well as her marriage hSk7SiIkjxQ-00309-00140104-00140616 falling apart in 2014. The same year would see her arrested for causing a disturbance on a flight and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00310-00140616-00141072 head butting a police officer who she reportedly told the police (“You can’t arrest me — I’m an hSk7SiIkjxQ-00311-00141072-00141584 icon!”. She would be luckily spared from any jail time, but she would be diagnosed as bi-polar. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00312-00141640-00142016 Following the dissolution of her marriage O’Riordan would relocate to new york and hSk7SiIkjxQ-00313-00142016-00142504 live in a variety of hotels for the time being and start up a new band named D.A.R.K along with hSk7SiIkjxQ-00314-00142504-00143032 former Smith’s bassist Andy Rourke. Dark would put out their only release in 2016’s Science Agrees. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00315-00143096-00143584 To her bandmates O’Riordan’s mental health seemed to have improved in her later years. Fergal Lawler hSk7SiIkjxQ-00316-00143584-00143968 would look back saying “It was only the last few years that she started talking about psychological hSk7SiIkjxQ-00317-00143968-00144368 problems, because she didn’t know herself. She saw a few different therapists and realised what she hSk7SiIkjxQ-00318-00144368-00144800 had and she started getting treatment for it.” While Noel would tell the Guardian “She was a hSk7SiIkjxQ-00319-00144800-00145208 lot more herself,” “Especially last year, when we were rehearsing: you wouldn’t even know, because hSk7SiIkjxQ-00320-00145208-00145600 they had found the right cocktail of whatever it was she needed to be on. There wasn’t even a hSk7SiIkjxQ-00321-00145600-00146072 case of having to ‘work around it’.O'Riordan would return to the Cranberries in 2017 with the album hSk7SiIkjxQ-00322-00146072-00146512 Something Else, which was a mixture of older and newer songs that were performed unplugged and with hSk7SiIkjxQ-00323-00146512-00147112 an orchestra. That positivity seemed to follow her in 2017 as she was keeping herself busy with work hSk7SiIkjxQ-00324-00147112-00147552 looking to record the next dark album with producer youth, while also working with the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00325-00147552-00148040 cranberries and was planning on recording with american band bad wolves a cover of song Zombie. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00326-00148040-00148448 The day before she was supposed to show up to the studio with Bad Wolves to record her part hSk7SiIkjxQ-00327-00148448-00148976 for Zombie she was found dead. The week before she was supposed to enter the studio with Bad Wolves hSk7SiIkjxQ-00328-00148976-00149464 she had flown to London from New York.. In the early hours of January 15th hSk7SiIkjxQ-00329-00149464-00149840 she had also left two voicemail messages for a label executive named Dan Waite who she knew hSk7SiIkjxQ-00330-00149840-00150280 from the early 2000’s who had arranged the collaboration with bad wolves. Her messages hSk7SiIkjxQ-00331-00150280-00150696 seemed positive talking about her children, discussing her new projects she was working on, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00332-00150696-00151248 as well as discussing her enthusasm for bad wolves cover.while also being excited that rapper eminem hSk7SiIkjxQ-00333-00151248-00151744 sampling zombie on his song in in your head. On that same voicemail she had also sang a bit of the hSk7SiIkjxQ-00334-00151744-00152248 verve’s a bitter sweet symphony a song that youth had produced. I’ve done a whole video on that song hSk7SiIkjxQ-00335-00152248-00152752 and the controversy. THe link is down below. But sadly during the morning of January 15th at hSk7SiIkjxQ-00336-00152752-00153256 9:16am she was found unresponsive in her bathroom. The cause of death was ruled to be an accidental hSk7SiIkjxQ-00337-00153256-00153696 drowning. Prescription drugs were found in her room and when they did the autopsy they were hSk7SiIkjxQ-00338-00153696-00154128 found to be at theraputic levels in her blood, but her blood alcohol level was quite elevated. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00339-00154128-00154592 Just four days after her passing Bad Wolves released their cover of Zombie as a single hSk7SiIkjxQ-00340-00154592-00155040 where it topped the rock charts for several weeks and even had crossover appeal peaking at number hSk7SiIkjxQ-00341-00155040-00155544 54 on the pop charts. While O'Riordan loved the cover that Bad Wolves had did of the song hSk7SiIkjxQ-00342-00155544-00156008 her bandmates didn't feel the same way. Speaking with ABC News Radio, Cranberries drummer Fergal hSk7SiIkjxQ-00343-00156008-00156416 Lawler admitted, "(I) didn't really like it. It wasn't my cup of tea." while Guitarist Noel Hogan, hSk7SiIkjxQ-00344-00156416-00156824 meanwhile, said that he thought the cover was released and i quote "a bit too soon. hSk7SiIkjxQ-00345-00156824-00157216 For my liking, anyway. The whole thing seemed insensitive or something" he would say. Following hSk7SiIkjxQ-00346-00157216-00157576 the death of O'Riordan Bad Wolves would donate quarter of a million dollars of the proceeds from hSk7SiIkjxQ-00347-00157576-00158144 the song to her children. The Cranberries would posthumously release their final record hSk7SiIkjxQ-00348-00158144-00158816 in the end in april of 2019 several months after delores death. The survivng members were able hSk7SiIkjxQ-00349-00158816-00159248 to piece together her demos she had done with the group prior to her death over the course of hSk7SiIkjxQ-00350-00159248-00159696 the last year or so and they worked with producer Stephen Street once again. Following the death of hSk7SiIkjxQ-00351-00159696-00160488 O'Riordan the surviving members of the Cranberries would announce that they would be disbanding. hTErLlc81h4-00000-00000010-00000478 Hank Johnson, Project Lycaeum and Date-Maru and Project Essex. hTErLlc81h4-00001-00000576-00000682 Hi Hank. How you doing? hTErLlc81h4-00002-00000696-00000800 Good. How are you? hTErLlc81h4-00003-00000800-00000886 I'm fine. hTErLlc81h4-00004-00000919-00001114 We have a list of questions for you. hTErLlc81h4-00005-00001114-00001170 Awesome. hTErLlc81h4-00006-00001170-00001258 Okay. hTErLlc81h4-00007-00001258-00001308 Yeah, let's do it. hTErLlc81h4-00008-00001308-00001750 The first question that we have is why are you in Chicago? hTErLlc81h4-00009-00001751-00001989 What brought you here today? hTErLlc81h4-00010-00001989-00002566 Well, I am here because Dr. Ezekiel Calvin is here. hTErLlc81h4-00011-00002566-00003018 And, he wanted to have a meeting to talk to me. hTErLlc81h4-00012-00003104-00003653 So, I, um, kind of went against my better judgment of coming from somewhat a state of hTErLlc81h4-00013-00003654-00004331 hiding from Nemesis and what's going on right now and trying to figure out, you know, hTErLlc81h4-00014-00004378-00004800 what is the safest means to stay alive and protect my friends. hTErLlc81h4-00015-00004800-00005086 But, this meeting with Calvin seems very important. hTErLlc81h4-00016-00005148-00005398 So, that's why I'm here, primarily. hTErLlc81h4-00017-00005398-00005448 Okay. hTErLlc81h4-00018-00005590-00005874 Did you encounter Nemesis at Ko Lan? hTErLlc81h4-00019-00005926-00006252 I did not encounter Nemesis directly in Ko Lan. hTErLlc81h4-00020-00006256-00006545 I did see some of their lackeys. hTErLlc81h4-00021-00006545-00007240 They, uh, the TKO operatives were there with glasses, some Hulong Tech glasses, that hTErLlc81h4-00022-00007240-00008118 seem to be affecting the TKO operatives, in a way in which seemed like they were losing control hTErLlc81h4-00023-00008118-00008377 of their own bodies. hTErLlc81h4-00024-00008377-00009425 The glasses started sparking and interacting with them in a way in which created some dangerous situations for hTErLlc81h4-00025-00009426-00009706 Prime Hank, 1218 Hank, hTErLlc81h4-00026-00009738-00010414 Jahan, Klue, Wendy, Klendy, and the Enlightened and Resistance Agents there. So, it was, uh... hTErLlc81h4-00027-00010414-00010810 What do you think that they're up to with this almost disruptive attack? hTErLlc81h4-00028-00010810-00011066 Nemesis in general? hTErLlc81h4-00029-00011066-00011592 I'm not sure. The more I've been trying to do as much research as I can on Nemesis and hTErLlc81h4-00030-00011592-00011938 I just keep hitting dead ends every time. hTErLlc81h4-00031-00011938-00012558 Seems like there is never ending dead ends of information. hTErLlc81h4-00032-00012598-00013234 But, I feel like they are not stopping at anything to get what they want. hTErLlc81h4-00033-00013234-00013785 And, it's a little scary as we don't know what it is exactly that they want. hTErLlc81h4-00034-00013785-00014576 So, when you're seeing people like Oliver Lynton-Wolfe, you know, ending himself and Carrie and hTErLlc81h4-00035-00014576-00015432 yeah, it's, it's serious. And they're also, you know, threatening Agents. hTErLlc81h4-00036-00015462-00015652 And, that's not okay, so. hTErLlc81h4-00037-00015652-00015862 Do you feel like they're coming for you? hTErLlc81h4-00038-00015919-00016402 Yeah, I would come for me, you know? hTErLlc81h4-00039-00016403-00016979 I'm, I'm part of the researcher Magnus and I'm an XM sensitive. hTErLlc81h4-00040-00016979-00017178 I am. hTErLlc81h4-00041-00017252-00018059 Yeah, I think that I would. It sounds like I would be next in line, or at least a target. hTErLlc81h4-00042-00018059-00018696 So, I'm just trying to be prepared for that and asking all the agents to keep your eyes open hTErLlc81h4-00043-00018696-00019080 and not just watching my back, but watching each other's because that's one thing that hTErLlc81h4-00044-00019080-00019282 you can't watch is your own back. So, hTErLlc81h4-00045-00019282-00019936 it's helpful to know that regardless of faction that we are looking out for each other. hTErLlc81h4-00046-00019940-00020136 So we have a question. hTErLlc81h4-00047-00020136-00020644 Are you still a Simulacrum or have you been made human again? hTErLlc81h4-00048-00020644-00020900 Yes, I'm still a Simulacrum. hTErLlc81h4-00049-00020900-00021226 You know, one of, one of the hTErLlc81h4-00050-00021226-00022052 kind of,not oldest in time, but oldest in, out of the XM, the researcher Magnus from Niantic. hTErLlc81h4-00051-00022052-00022204 So, hTErLlc81h4-00052-00022316-00022592 yeah, that's partially why, hTErLlc81h4-00053-00022592-00022882 why Calvin is here and what he, what he wanted to talk about, hTErLlc81h4-00054-00022882-00023392 why he wanted a recursion artifact for me, hTErLlc81h4-00055-00023450-00023764 and yeah. hTErLlc81h4-00056-00023765-00024136 Sorry, I’ve... hTErLlc81h4-00057-00024310-00024490 It’s just been, yeah, hTErLlc81h4-00058-00024490-00025038 with Nemesis... hTErLlc81h4-00059-00025038-00025298 Stopping recursion, hTErLlc81h4-00060-00025299-00025540 It's just kind of hTErLlc81h4-00061-00025540-00025718 affected me. hTErLlc81h4-00062-00025718-00026061 Mentally, I just feel like I'm in a weird headspace every once in a while. Sorry about that. hTErLlc81h4-00063-00026061-00026260 That's fine. That’s fine. hTErLlc81h4-00064-00026282-00026650 Who were your most trusted and untrusted colleagues hTErLlc81h4-00065-00026650-00026892 in Niantic Project? hTErLlc81h4-00066-00026912-00027542 Yeah, that's a, that's a pretty easy one. I would say most trusted would have been Devra. hTErLlc81h4-00067-00027543-00027844 We have the longest history that predates some of, hTErLlc81h4-00068-00027844-00028160 even my experience with the Niantic Project. hTErLlc81h4-00069-00028160-00028416 I've known her for a long time. hTErLlc81h4-00070-00028416-00028874 Calvin as well, I've known, I mean, he was, as early back as, hTErLlc81h4-00071-00028875-00029593 supporting some of my research, or early research, in, in school on the 13 Magnus and, hTErLlc81h4-00072-00029593-00030024 and that kind of research he was supporting. And, and he, hTErLlc81h4-00073-00030024-00030394 he withheld a lot of information from us at the Niantic Project. hTErLlc81h4-00074-00030394-00030927 And, there's some of his actions that I’m still, I try to parse my way through about how I feel about them. hTErLlc81h4-00075-00030927-00031170 But, I wouldn't put him in my least trusted category. hTErLlc81h4-00076-00031170-00031470 I think that would go to hTErLlc81h4-00077-00031554-00031816 Oliver Lynton-Wolfe. hTErLlc81h4-00078-00031888-00032132 That guy, hTErLlc81h4-00079-00032132-00032570 I guess rest in peace and some, rest in pieces, or shards or something. hTErLlc81h4-00080-00032570-00032952 I'm not exactly sure. But, hTErLlc81h4-00081-00032952-00033449 you can always trust him to get the most recent XM Tech out. But, hTErLlc81h4-00082-00033449-00034500 exposing people to high levels of XM without consent or knowledge is not something that sits right with me, hTErLlc81h4-00083-00034500-00034750 That, hTErLlc81h4-00084-00034750-00035290 that kind of knowledge that you gain from that, it's too high of a risk. hTErLlc81h4-00085-00035290-00035366 So, hTErLlc81h4-00086-00035366-00035844 yeah. Part of the reason why I'm a part of the Resistance, as of right now. hTErLlc81h4-00087-00035844-00035994 Okay. hTErLlc81h4-00088-00035994-00036908 Hank 1218 seems to have a relation with Calvin 20, Calvin 1218. Have you been with Calvin prime since before the Niantic Project? hTErLlc81h4-00089-00036908-00037708 Yeah, he, what I've, what I've seen from meeting Hank from the 1218 universe, finally, hTErLlc81h4-00090-00037708-00038202 was that our lives seem to be parallel in a lot of ways. hTErLlc81h4-00091-00038202-00038656 A lot of experiences that have happened for me, hTErLlc81h4-00092-00038656-00039230 maybe some, some differences in how things were handled, maybe from, hTErLlc81h4-00093-00039230-00039692 because we are while we are the same, we are also different. hTErLlc81h4-00094-00039768-00040650 So, yeah. So, Calvin and I have a similar relation as Hank and the 1218 universe. hTErLlc81h4-00095-00040650-00040818 Although, hTErLlc81h4-00096-00040840-00041402 from 1218's point of view of Calvin in his universe, and Calvin in mine, hTErLlc81h4-00097-00041402-00041828 I think that our Calvins might be slightly different. hTErLlc81h4-00098-00041828-00042123 It seems hTErLlc81h4-00099-00042123-00042592 that Calvin in this prime universe, as far as I know, has good intentions. hTErLlc81h4-00100-00042744-00042888 So, so yeah. hTErLlc81h4-00101-00042888-00042986 Okay. hTErLlc81h4-00102-00043128-00043469 How do you feel about the NIA? Under Calvin's lead, hTErLlc81h4-00103-00043470-00043722 do you feel he is trustworthy? hTErLlc81h4-00104-00043968-00044676 It's a tough time and, trust, trust for me is, is something that is... hTErLlc81h4-00105-00044677-00044991 you have to be proven to be trustworthy. hTErLlc81h4-00106-00044991-00045482 And, some of his actions in the past have proven him to be possibly untrustworthy. hTErLlc81h4-00107-00045482-00045614 At least, hTErLlc81h4-00108-00045668-00046198 Dr. Calvin is known to be less than forthcoming about the information that he knows. hTErLlc81h4-00109-00046199-00046844 So, I kind of take my relationship with Calvin as, hTErLlc81h4-00110-00046844-00047456 you know, keeping him at a safe distance and assuming that he knows more than he's telling me hTErLlc81h4-00111-00047456-00047832 and just trying to be one step ahead of that, as well... of understanding what the, hTErLlc81h4-00112-00047832-00048126 the full picture of what it is that we're looking at. hTErLlc81h4-00113-00048126-00048342 Okay. hTErLlc81h4-00114-00048342-00048848 What do you know about a Ezekiel Calvin’s purpose in setting up the Niantic Project? hTErLlc81h4-00115-00048848-00049486 From your understanding what does Calvin want to do when he asked Lightman to work on the methodology hacking, hTErLlc81h4-00116-00049486-00049868 the reborn location of the Simulacrum? hTErLlc81h4-00117-00049869-00050522 With the potential of XM do you think the location can be a combination of coordination and time? hTErLlc81h4-00118-00050804-00050942 Ooh, that's a doozy. hTErLlc81h4-00119-00051244-00051450 I think that, hTErLlc81h4-00120-00051534-00051986 again, I have a sense that hTErLlc81h4-00121-00051986-00052755 Calvin has good intentions and he is, I think that, he is trying to find the safest place hTErLlc81h4-00122-00052755-00053277 for all of the Simulacras to be held. hTErLlc81h4-00123-00053277-00053729 I have a pretty good idea of where I think that that might be. hTErLlc81h4-00124-00053729-00054146 And, I'm not exactly sure hTErLlc81h4-00125-00054332-00054933 what, what his next steps are, what... I have been a little bit removed from the Niantic Project hTErLlc81h4-00126-00055029-00055508 in the most recent year just dealing with my own recursion and hTErLlc81h4-00127-00055508-00055824 and trying to get the Osiris Stone and... hTErLlc81h4-00128-00055914-00056341 yeah. So, I think it has something to do with hTErLlc81h4-00129-00056342-00057062 hopefully in some way protecting these researchers. Because, I think this researcher Magnus is important and that we're doing, hTErLlc81h4-00130-00057062-00057311 you know, important work for humankind. hTErLlc81h4-00131-00057311-00058036 And, I assume that Dr. Calvin and the NIA has that in their best interest as well. hTErLlc81h4-00132-00058036-00058129 Okay. hTErLlc81h4-00133-00058226-00058416 Devra, hTErLlc81h4-00134-00058528-00059064 Devra wished you and Jahan happy during Date-Maru's interview at Nuremberg. hTErLlc81h4-00135-00059064-00059264 How do you feel about Devra? hTErLlc81h4-00136-00059264-00059663 And, what happened during your time at Arecibo? hTErLlc81h4-00137-00059752-00060167 This sounds like a People Magazine interview question. hTErLlc81h4-00138-00060290-00060641 Well, first and foremost, I will start by saying that hTErLlc81h4-00139-00060738-00060962 Devra and I's hTErLlc81h4-00140-00060962-00061222 personal relationship, is something that I would, hTErLlc81h4-00141-00061222-00061505 I and she would probably respect not, hTErLlc81h4-00142-00061505-00062088 you know, exposing exactly what happened in Arecibo. But, hTErLlc81h4-00143-00062089-00062392 we have been close for a long time and our, hTErLlc81h4-00144-00062392-00062511 I care for her a lot. hTErLlc81h4-00145-00062512-00062994 And, we have similar, but slightly opposing hTErLlc81h4-00146-00062994-00063270 views on certain things. hTErLlc81h4-00147-00063270-00063982 And, we have been sometimes closer than others and sometimes more further apart. hTErLlc81h4-00148-00063982-00064384 Yeah, and I'm not entirely sure about the question about Jahan. hTErLlc81h4-00149-00064384-00064596 I don't know if that is, hTErLlc81h4-00150-00064597-00065014 if Devra was thinking that Jahan and I were... hTErLlc81h4-00151-00065014-00065524 I don't know if you've seen any of the Dunraven episodes, but Jahan and I don't get along very well. hTErLlc81h4-00152-00065560-00065724 She's not very nice to me. hTErLlc81h4-00153-00065724-00065796 No, hTErLlc81h4-00154-00065796-00065914 she's great. hTErLlc81h4-00155-00065914-00066046 But, hTErLlc81h4-00156-00066088-00066310 yeah. Devra, Devra, Devra. hTErLlc81h4-00157-00066310-00066649 Yeah, I just, I mean, mainly, I just, hTErLlc81h4-00158-00066649-00066848 I just want her to be safe. hTErLlc81h4-00159-00066848-00067104 Devra, if you're watching this be careful. hTErLlc81h4-00160-00067218-00067446 Yeah, because I think we're all in danger. hTErLlc81h4-00161-00067446-00067755 And, I, you know, I think she's, rightfully so, hTErLlc81h4-00162-00067755-00067982 kind of underground at the, at the moment. hTErLlc81h4-00163-00067982-00068830 And, I had to go against my better judgment to come out of somewhat hiding to kind of have this meeting with Calvin. So, hTErLlc81h4-00164-00068866-00069088 be careful. hTErLlc81h4-00165-00069206-00069814 Jarvis made the comment that he has a plan to get you back to his rightful Enlightened path in Tokyo. hTErLlc81h4-00166-00069870-00070054 Do you subscribe to his point of view? hTErLlc81h4-00167-00070108-00070376 He's a little too handsy for me. hTErLlc81h4-00168-00070462-00070702 I, Jarvis, hTErLlc81h4-00169-00070702-00070948 I really don't think that hTErLlc81h4-00170-00070948-00071594 Jarvis is going to be the one to change my faction alignment. hTErLlc81h4-00171-00071712-00072516 The part of, part of the reason for my faction change was because of the Resistance’s help in recursion cycle. hTErLlc81h4-00172-00072602-00072756 And, hTErLlc81h4-00173-00072756-00073226 and also my belief in... hTErLlc81h4-00174-00073296-00073930 I'm a researcher, I'm an explorer, I'm an archaeologist. And, to resist the possibility hTErLlc81h4-00175-00073930-00074108 that hTErLlc81h4-00176-00074108-00074716 either the Shapers or N’zeer could be here to help society in some kind. hTErLlc81h4-00177-00074784-00074852 Possibly? hTErLlc81h4-00178-00074852-00075012 I think all possibilities exist. hTErLlc81h4-00179-00075012-00075140 So, we're not entirely sure. hTErLlc81h4-00180-00075140-00075526 I mean, that's my job as a scientist is to keep questioning things. hTErLlc81h4-00181-00075526-00076107 That's why science is my favorite religion, because you have to keep going back to it hTErLlc81h4-00182-00076108-00076374 and re-questioning and re-hypothesizing what things are hTErLlc81h4-00183-00076374-00076878 in the search for truth. And, things change. Gravity was discovered at some point, hTErLlc81h4-00184-00076878-00077311 or understood at some point, by humanity. Before that, they couldn't explain it. hTErLlc81h4-00185-00077311-00078032 So, whether the Shapers you know, I mean, the Enlightened are supporting the, hTErLlc81h4-00186-00078032-00078757 the idea of Shapers and the Enlightened of humankind. Or, the Resistance are, you know, hTErLlc81h4-00187-00078757-00079177 traditionally resisting all Exogenous beings. But, what if, hTErLlc81h4-00188-00079177-00079467 what if the N'Zeer aren't what you think they are? hTErLlc81h4-00189-00079467-00079670 I think it's, it's interesting to question. hTErLlc81h4-00190-00079670-00080228 So, I might even be aligned more on the side of Resistance pro N’zeer. hTErLlc81h4-00191-00080252-00080738 But, open to the idea of pro any Exogenous. Or, none. hTErLlc81h4-00192-00080862-00080980 We're not sure yet. hTErLlc81h4-00193-00080980-00081486 I think that's stuff that we're still researching and working on. hTErLlc81h4-00194-00081526-00081994 How did it feel when you met your 1218 counterpart? hTErLlc81h4-00195-00082020-00082482 Well, at first it was, it's a little strange. hTErLlc81h4-00196-00082482-00082704 Kind of like, hTErLlc81h4-00197-00082704-00083295 it’s like you always imagine meeting your soulmate being hTErLlc81h4-00198-00083296-00083508 some beautiful hTErLlc81h4-00199-00083542-00083784 person, woman. hTErLlc81h4-00200-00083784-00084168 And, my soul mate turns out to be me from another dimension. hTErLlc81h4-00201-00084246-00084778 And, also, we were, we met in KoLan, and we were, hTErLlc81h4-00202-00084778-00085162 we were initially on opposing sides. hTErLlc81h4-00203-00085162-00085798 And, to, to be brought together and to team up against Nemesis and the TKO was something hTErLlc81h4-00204-00085798-00086168 that was completely unexpected and totally awesome. hTErLlc81h4-00205-00086168-00086968 I mean, I have, people have, agents from, since I have recursed have told me about 1218 Hank hTErLlc81h4-00206-00086968-00087590 and the universe that he's from and who he was. And, it was nice to finally meet the man, hTErLlc81h4-00207-00087590-00087870 the myth, the legend: Hank Johnson. hTErLlc81h4-00208-00087980-00088231 1218 Hank. And, it was great. hTErLlc81h4-00209-00088232-00088468 He's, I couldn't have... hTErLlc81h4-00210-00088468-00088848 we would not have made it out of Ko Lan alive without him. hTErLlc81h4-00211-00088848-00089192 And, we have this, hTErLlc81h4-00212-00089192-00089452 I guess you could call it, chemistry. hTErLlc81h4-00213-00089466-00089686 Finish each other's sentences. hTErLlc81h4-00214-00089686-00089816 It's a weird thing, but.. hTErLlc81h4-00215-00089852-00090074 Do you both like the same kind of pizza? hTErLlc81h4-00216-00090074-00090262 Yeah, yeah. And, we're both, hTErLlc81h4-00217-00090262-00090820 we're both… cilantro tastes like soap to both of us. So, its, hTErLlc81h4-00218-00090848-00090964 that's kind of one of those things. hTErLlc81h4-00219-00090964-00091336 It's like, all right, so how does this exactly work? I've, you know, these are, again, hTErLlc81h4-00220-00091336-00091677 these are things that you can think about or hypothesize. hTErLlc81h4-00221-00091677-00091836 But, what does it actually mean? hTErLlc81h4-00222-00091836-00092131 You know, with him being in my universe, how does that affect his? hTErLlc81h4-00223-00092131-00092542 Is there a mirror of me that's in his universe replacing his, hTErLlc81h4-00224-00092542-00092906 you know? Or our, is our DNA, hTErLlc81h4-00225-00092906-00093118 you know, down to the strand? hTErLlc81h4-00226-00093118-00093414 I mean, he's, can't be because he's, you know, taller than me, but... hTErLlc81h4-00227-00093596-00094348 And then, maybe did he, did he age in his in his travel? Is, are these dimensions universes, hTErLlc81h4-00228-00094348-00094632 you know, operating on separate time structures? I don’t know. hTErLlc81h4-00229-00094632-00094710 I'm not entirely sure. hTErLlc81h4-00230-00094710-00094777 I think they are. hTErLlc81h4-00231-00094777-00094877 Yeah, it must be. hTErLlc81h4-00232-00094878-00095152 As I understand that Prime is running slightly faster than 1218. hTErLlc81h4-00233-00095152-00095318 Right. hTErLlc81h4-00234-00095368-00095418 Yeah. hTErLlc81h4-00235-00095470-00095570 That make sense. hTErLlc81h4-00236-00095636-00095784 I think I could... hTErLlc81h4-00237-00095906-00095998 Okay. So, hTErLlc81h4-00238-00095998-00096360 about your plans on what you'll pursue moving forward, hTErLlc81h4-00239-00096360-00096666 any words that you want to speak to the Agents? hTErLlc81h4-00240-00096754-00096854 Yes. hTErLlc81h4-00241-00096984-00097172 Let's see. hTErLlc81h4-00242-00097292-00098204 Yeah, first, first of all, to all Agents in both Enlightened and Resistance, hTErLlc81h4-00243-00098328-00099006 now is the time that we need to come together as much as possible. hTErLlc81h4-00244-00099058-00099580 This is a strange thing to be saying in the, right before an Anomaly happens, hTErLlc81h4-00245-00099580-00099950 as the two sides will be warring against each other. hTErLlc81h4-00246-00099950-00100322 But, just to remember that we're all here for the same reason. hTErLlc81h4-00247-00100322-00100485 We're all humans. hTErLlc81h4-00248-00100485-00101223 We are all looking out for humankind and what we believe is our best interest for the world. hTErLlc81h4-00249-00101223-00101984 So, I just, I just think it's a really important time with Nemesis around to remember hTErLlc81h4-00250-00101984-00102166 basic human kindness, hTErLlc81h4-00251-00102218-00102352 looking out for each other hTErLlc81h4-00252-00102352-00102944 and finding ways in which our opposing views can uplift humanity and each other. hTErLlc81h4-00253-00103074-00103779 I also want to do a huge shout out to Operation Essex and hTErLlc81h4-00254-00103779-00104235 how do you pronounce it? lyc, lyc. hTErLlc81h4-00255-00104235-00104339 Project Lycaeum. hTErLlc81h4-00256-00104340-00105070 Project Lycaeum as well for all your hard work and allowing me to be part of that community. hTErLlc81h4-00257-00105211-00106192 A big, a big, huge thank you to Centauro Squad, and Team HIKYAKU, for their help in Ko Lan. hTErLlc81h4-00258-00106192-00106872 We couldn't have done it without them. And they were brave, braver than anything I've ever seen. hTErLlc81h4-00259-00106872-00107166 And, yeah, with, hTErLlc81h4-00260-00107166-00107768 with that in mind, I just think we have a possibility with the Osiris Stone, hTErLlc81h4-00261-00107769-00108496 with the power that it could hold to become some kind of a beacon for exogenous entities, hTErLlc81h4-00262-00108496-00108924 or beings, or energy, that we have some interesting times ahead of us. hTErLlc81h4-00263-00108924-00109632 So, strap on your seatbelts and, and get ready for finally, possibly seeing what, hTErLlc81h4-00264-00109632-00109766 what's out there. hTErLlc81h4-00265-00109850-00110078 Yeah, and thank you, again. hTErLlc81h4-00266-00110078-00110218 Thank you for your time. hTErLlc81h4-00267-00110218-00110270 Of course. hTErLlc81h4-00268-00110270-00110578 I appreciate you taking the time to speak with me. hTErLlc81h4-00269-00110585-00110635 Yes. hTErLlc81h4-00270-00110635-00111132 This is agent AstralDreamer1 and we're entering, ending the interview. hTErLlc81h4-00271-00111132-00111246 Thank you. hU58qiUHdf4-00000-00001048-00001296 and SH*****T hU58qiUHdf4-00001-00001296-00001584 Hi my perfect Family! hU58qiUHdf4-00002-00001584-00001832 I'm thinking about it for several days hU58qiUHdf4-00003-00001832-00002106 I'm sick of taking care of it hU58qiUHdf4-00004-00002132-00002436 to make them beautiful hU58qiUHdf4-00005-00002650-00002748 So, it's decided hU58qiUHdf4-00006-00002752-00002850 I will shave my eyebrows hU58qiUHdf4-00007-00002884-00003180 I stole the shaving foam from my darling hU58qiUHdf4-00008-00003215-00003418 and his razor "Gilette" hU58qiUHdf4-00009-00003500-00003734 oops no product placement! hU58qiUHdf4-00010-00003896-00004394 I don't really know how this thing works... hU58qiUHdf4-00011-00004440-00004690 I will shave this one hU58qiUHdf4-00012-00005202-00005302 It's not foam.... *questionning* hU58qiUHdf4-00013-00005754-00006004 I love the perfume!! hU58qiUHdf4-00014-00006372-00006698 I will take a lot! hU58qiUHdf4-00015-00007208-00007464 *I put it everywhere* hU58qiUHdf4-00016-00008224-00008534 At the same time, I disguise myself as Santa Claus hU58qiUHdf4-00017-00009168-00009296 Let's GOOOO! hU58qiUHdf4-00018-00009696-00010066 It's not really efficient hU58qiUHdf4-00019-00011234-00011380 I hope that darling will love it ;) hU58qiUHdf4-00020-00011530-00011940 I come back, I clean and I show you hU58qiUHdf4-00021-00012270-00012444 I think I made a BIG mistake hU58qiUHdf4-00022-00013372-00013503 I look sick hU58qiUHdf4-00023-00014179-00014279 HEY :) It's was a PRAnK! hU58qiUHdf4-00024-00014341-00014604 I just covered my eyebrow ;) hU58qiUHdf4-00025-00014686-00014736 Let's GOOOO hU58qiUHdf4-00026-00014763-00015138 This is the professional method hU58qiUHdf4-00027-00015146-00015391 with wax and spirit gum hU58qiUHdf4-00028-00015413-00015862 I have rather thick eyebrows hU58qiUHdf4-00029-00015880-00016069 First, I brush my eyebrows hU58qiUHdf4-00030-00016082-00016826 while flatten them hU58qiUHdf4-00031-00016840-00017144 According to eyebrows growth hU58qiUHdf4-00032-00017466-00017714 Then, I used my wax hU58qiUHdf4-00033-00017714-00018052 As you can see, it was used a lot hU58qiUHdf4-00034-00018128-00018650 I take a thin layer on my fingernail hU58qiUHdf4-00035-00018686-00019122 and I lean it in my eyebrows hU58qiUHdf4-00036-00019636-00020078 I don't want volume any more hU58qiUHdf4-00037-00021004-00021732 Be careful to this part hU58qiUHdf4-00038-00022592-00023108 As you can see, I have realy thick eyebrows hU58qiUHdf4-00039-00023878-00024020 So UGLY! hU58qiUHdf4-00040-00024146-00024818 it was fashionable some time ago hU58qiUHdf4-00041-00024866-00025180 Then, I use spirit gum hU58qiUHdf4-00042-00025180-00025270 this one come from Kryolan hU58qiUHdf4-00043-00025286-00025412 in order to sitck the eyebrow hU58qiUHdf4-00044-00025524-00025650 Be careful to your eyes hU58qiUHdf4-00045-00025660-00025880 It is an irritating product hU58qiUHdf4-00046-00026024-00026316 we put it at the level of the hairs hU58qiUHdf4-00047-00027464-00028032 ALWAYS perform an allergy test hU58qiUHdf4-00048-00028072-00028656 Next, I use a good concealing hU58qiUHdf4-00049-00029320-00029527 In this area, I didn't put enough wax hU58qiUHdf4-00050-00029856-00030395 This technique is enough for an artistic makeup hU58qiUHdf4-00051-00030900-00031076 It was the professional method hU58qiUHdf4-00052-00031100-00031856 Now, I will show you the method I use most often hU58qiUHdf4-00053-00031924-00032376 For this, I use UHU stick hU58qiUHdf4-00054-00032400-00032688 DON'T use an other stick! hU58qiUHdf4-00055-00032727-00033568 I tested, and I had no more eyebrows hU58qiUHdf4-00056-00033568-00034076 Don't be silly ;) hU58qiUHdf4-00057-00034120-00034684 First, I brush my eyebrows hU58qiUHdf4-00058-00034692-00034952 while flatten them hU58qiUHdf4-00059-00035120-00035256 I use this spatula hU58qiUHdf4-00060-00035288-00035956 to apply the glue hU58qiUHdf4-00061-00036944-00037792 the goal is flat hairs hU58qiUHdf4-00062-00038056-00038552 I insist on the level of the head of the eyebrow hU58qiUHdf4-00063-00039204-00039992 I remove the excess hU58qiUHdf4-00064-00040132-00040456 we wait for it to dry hU58qiUHdf4-00065-00040993-00041289 I powder it with a small powder puff hU58qiUHdf4-00066-00041289-00041416 and I plaster it hU58qiUHdf4-00067-00042984-00043544 Next, I use a good concealing hU58qiUHdf4-00068-00044656-00045176 in general, I use this method hU58qiUHdf4-00069-00045224-00045584 wich is fast hU58qiUHdf4-00070-00045640-00045864 and I powder it once again hU58qiUHdf4-00071-00046612-00047360 This is the result hU58qiUHdf4-00072-00047404-00048928 bla bla bla hU58qiUHdf4-00073-00048972-00049276 I hope you enjoy this PRANK ;) hU58qiUHdf4-00074-00049280-00049434 Comment, like hU58qiUHdf4-00075-00049484-00049676 and especially SHARE it :D hU58qiUHdf4-00076-00049736-00049836 See you soon ;) haBH_a25_Oy-00000-00002669-00002859 The window is a cold air haBH_a25_Oy-00001-00002859-00003120 Every day I feel the loss of my light haBH_a25_Oy-00002-00003120-00003366 Engines and sounds of cars haBH_a25_Oy-00003-00003366-00003626 Blur out the songs of records haBH_a25_Oy-00004-00003626-00003929 If really tired of everything haBH_a25_Oy-00005-00003929-00004169 i want to bring back peace again haBH_a25_Oy-00006-00004169-00004445 Though, it's unfortunate that everything now is fully frozen haBH_a25_Oy-00007-00004445-00004645 And at last has gone to rest haBH_a25_Oy-00008-00004662-00004912 To sounds of cassettes, me and you, the two haBH_a25_Oy-00009-00004912-00005156 Will fall asleep forever, unbothered evil haBH_a25_Oy-00010-00005156-00005432 And again we charm in these times of epochs haBH_a25_Oy-00011-00005432-00005659 For fate to let us down eternally again haBH_a25_Oy-00012-00005702-00005934 To sounds of cassettes, me and you, the two haBH_a25_Oy-00013-00005934-00006177 Will fall asleep forever, unbothered evil haBH_a25_Oy-00014-00006177-00006450 And again we charm in these times of epochs haBH_a25_Oy-00015-00006450-00006686 For fate to let us down eternally again haBH_a25_Oy-00016-00007775-00007975 For fate to let us down eternally again haBH_a25_Oy-00017-00007975-00008207 Every day I feel the loss of my light haBH_a25_Oy-00018-00008207-00008468 Engines and sounds of cars haBH_a25_Oy-00019-00008468-00008732 Blur out the songs of records haBH_a25_Oy-00020-00008740-00009083 If really tired of everything haBH_a25_Oy-00021-00009083-00009333 I want to bring back peace again haBH_a25_Oy-00022-00009333-00009533 Though, it's unfortunate that everything now is fully frozen haBH_a25_Oy-00023-00009543-00009743 And at last has gone to rest haBH_a25_Oy-00024-00009796-00010034 To sounds of cassettes, me and you, the two haBH_a25_Oy-00025-00010034-00010289 Will fall asleep forever, unbothered evil haBH_a25_Oy-00026-00010289-00010557 And again we charm in these times of epochs haBH_a25_Oy-00027-00010557-00010807 For fate to let us down eternally again haBH_a25_Oy-00028-00010807-00011023 To sounds of cassettes, me and you, the two haBH_a25_Oy-00029-00011023-00011285 Will fall asleep forever, unbothered evil haBH_a25_Oy-00030-00011291-00011530 And again we charm in these times of epochs haBH_a25_Oy-00031-00011530-00011853 For fate to let us down eternally again hcfaX6Pn-Ng-00001-00004784-00004813 They do the check in where they um Prick your finger,to test Iron levels and take your blood pressure and ask all those medical questions To make sure that you are OKAYand eligible to do that nothung wrong with you hcrhGI90C7c-00000-00001644-00002148 "The waits" hcrhGI90C7c-00001-00002548-00002950 Hello Antonio, look who has come with me today. It's our granddaughter Sarah. hcrhGI90C7c-00002-00003070-00003478 She went looking for water. You know, I find her sad.. hcrhGI90C7c-00003-00003522-00003811 I think that her studies haven't gone well. hcrhGI90C7c-00004-00003868-00004090 I don't know.. There she comes. hcrhGI90C7c-00005-00004552-00004780 Granmother, how was your life with Granfather? hcrhGI90C7c-00006-00004874-00005058 Oh my dear, It had everything. hcrhGI90C7c-00007-00005108-00005360 But over everything else, many "Waits". (Expectations/Hopes) hcrhGI90C7c-00008-00005386-00005570 What do you mean by "Waits"? hcrhGI90C7c-00009-00005654-00005990 well.. since we are small we convince ourselves hcrhGI90C7c-00010-00006032-00006208 that our lives will better "after". hcrhGI90C7c-00011-00006208-00006306 "After"? hcrhGI90C7c-00012-00006306-00006420 After what? hcrhGI90C7c-00013-00006498-00007058 Do you think, after you finished studying, and find work, that you will be more happy than now, right? hcrhGI90C7c-00014-00007058-00007240 Yes, that's what I think hcrhGI90C7c-00015-00007252-00007473 But I don't understand what you are trying to tell me. hcrhGI90C7c-00016-00007500-00007981 You see, I got married convinced that I would at last find happiness. hcrhGI90C7c-00017-00008088-00008414 But then I decided to wait until I had my own house.. hcrhGI90C7c-00018-00008456-00008684 Then until I had my kids.. hcrhGI90C7c-00019-00008734-00008954 And then until my kids were big.. hcrhGI90C7c-00020-00008998-00009210 And then until i retired hcrhGI90C7c-00021-00009262-00009784 Convinced that each one of those wishes was the only thing I was missing to be happy. hcrhGI90C7c-00022-00009900-00010434 And this way life passes waiting on the train of happiness. hcrhGI90C7c-00023-00010476-00010662 That never arrives. hcrhGI90C7c-00024-00010714-00010938 Then, you regret getting married and having kids? hcrhGI90C7c-00025-00010988-00011276 No no, I don't regret having kids and getting married. hcrhGI90C7c-00026-00011342-00011884 The only thing i regret is not having known to live more intensely each of those moments. hcrhGI90C7c-00027-00011954-00012208 And being sad about silly stuff. hcrhGI90C7c-00028-00012292-00012448 Then you were never happy? hcrhGI90C7c-00029-00012512-00012804 Of course my dear. There were moments of happiness! hcrhGI90C7c-00030-00012863-00013232 But I missed a lot of moments by not being able to recognize them. hcrhGI90C7c-00031-00013290-00013630 Do you know what I have learned after all these years? hcrhGI90C7c-00032-00013663-00013813 What grandmother? hcrhGI90C7c-00033-00013876-00014196 That happiness doesn't come when we get what we wish for hcrhGI90C7c-00034-00014268-00014552 But when we know how to enjoy what we have. hcrhGI90C7c-00035-00014662-00015060 Not dreaming of tomorrow, but living the today. hcrhGI90C7c-00036-00015150-00015468 Sarah, treasure every moment of your life hcrhGI90C7c-00037-00015554-00015860 And remember, time doesn't wait on anyone. hcrhGI90C7c-00038-00015941-00016196 Work like you don't need money.. hcrhGI90C7c-00039-00016260-00016530 Love as if they had never hurt you.. hcrhGI90C7c-00040-00016604-00016902 And dance as if no one was looking. hcrhGI90C7c-00041-00016988-00017452 Since there is no better time for happiness than right now hcrhGI90C7c-00042-00017540-00017786 If it's not now, when my dear? hds6G2hmamM-00000-00000000-00000342 Several months ago, I did the unthinkable and sold my Valve hds6G2hmamM-00001-00000342-00000810 Steam Deck to buy a Nintendo Switch OLED Model. I made a video on it, and a lot of people did hds6G2hmamM-00002-00000810-00001206 not like it. Which is fair, I understand, my choice was an odd one, my circumstances hds6G2hmamM-00003-00001206-00001560 don’t match with those of most people. The question is: did I make the right hds6G2hmamM-00004-00001560-00001992 decision? Is a Switch OLED model actually better than a Steam Deck? hds6G2hmamM-00005-00001992-00002520 As you might imagine, it’s complicated. On the one hand, yes, absolutely. For the needs of my family, hds6G2hmamM-00006-00002520-00002898 Nintendoes what Valve doesn’t. The Switch was entirely the right call. hds6G2hmamM-00007-00002898-00003510 On the other hand, the OLED model’s primary Unique Selling Point…is entirely wasted on us. That’s a hds6G2hmamM-00008-00003510-00003936 big issue, because it does mean that the Deck and the Switch are not comparable, and, even I, hds6G2hmamM-00009-00003936-00004362 the man who ditched his Deck, accept that in many ways, Valve’s handheld is the superior device. hds6G2hmamM-00010-00004362-00004758 Fasten your seatbelts, because if you didn’t like the last video I made on the Steam Deck, hds6G2hmamM-00011-00004758-00005166 this one probably won’t be any better. Before I launch into this, I therefore want hds6G2hmamM-00012-00005166-00005586 to make it clear that this is my family’s experience with both the Steam Deck and hds6G2hmamM-00013-00005586-00005922 the Switch OLED. Primarily, indeed, I’ll be talking about how my seven-year-old hds6G2hmamM-00014-00005922-00006330 daughter has reacted to both handhelds. If you are not a seven-year-old girl, hds6G2hmamM-00015-00006330-00006690 you will probably not see eye-to-eye with us on this. Our experiences will be different, hds6G2hmamM-00016-00006690-00007122 and that’s totally okay. Ultimately, mileage may vary, but from the fellow parents who commented hds6G2hmamM-00017-00007122-00007481 on my last video, it’s clear that at least some viewers appreciated getting the dad perspective hds6G2hmamM-00018-00007481-00007926 on which hardware is better around kids. Spoiler alert: it’s the Switch. Up to a point. hds6G2hmamM-00019-00007926-00008328 But first, the things I miss about the Steam Deck: I miss retro gaming. hds6G2hmamM-00020-00008328-00008736 As mentioned in the previous video, the one perfect use case for the Deck is playing hds6G2hmamM-00021-00008736-00009228 old stuff. It’s a downright fabulous emulation machine, and because an awful lot of older games hds6G2hmamM-00022-00009228-00009660 are just right there on Steam, it’s the best way to play pretty much anything last-gen and earlier. hds6G2hmamM-00023-00009660-00010098 The big draw for me was Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic 2 with the Restored Content mod that hds6G2hmamM-00024-00010098-00010590 actually completes the game. Supposedly Aspyr Media is working on bringing this mod to Switch hds6G2hmamM-00025-00010590-00011034 as well, but they’ve gone awfully quiet as of late. I suspect it isn’t actually happening hds6G2hmamM-00026-00011034-00011520 anymore, boo. I do not like Aspyr Media. There are more retro games that I would have hds6G2hmamM-00027-00011520-00011868 played on Deck if I’d kept it, though. Half Life and its sequel were high on the list, just because hds6G2hmamM-00028-00011868-00012336 I’ve only ever played a little bit of 2 out of context and didn’t quite get it. Deus Ex might be hds6G2hmamM-00029-00012336-00012732 fun. System Shock, I could be persuaded to give it a try. The prospect of diving deep into the Steam hds6G2hmamM-00030-00012732-00013122 archives, playing all the aging PC games that passed me by when they were new and I was trapped hds6G2hmamM-00031-00013122-00013536 on consoles, does have more than a little appeal. But, then, there’s the other side of the coin, hds6G2hmamM-00032-00013536-00013913 and it can’t be avoided forever: the Steam Deck is fantastic for emulation. hds6G2hmamM-00033-00013913-00014262 It’s just tremendously good. I need to point out, nice and loud, hds6G2hmamM-00034-00014262-00014802 that pirating emulated games is a crime. I’m not even talking about playing Pokemon on the Steam hds6G2hmamM-00035-00014802-00015156 Deck, catching Charizards or Lilliputs, or even Sprigatittos on Valve’s handheld. hds6G2hmamM-00036-00015156-00015546 Currently, the emulated games I like to play…are homebrew Game Boy titles. hds6G2hmamM-00037-00015546-00015894 Indies made to run on aging Nintendo hardware, and which are completely legal. hds6G2hmamM-00038-00015894-00016236 I mentioned before how, while I don’t talk about it much on this channel, my absolute hds6G2hmamM-00039-00016236-00016686 favourite genre of games are the bedroom coder indie titles you primarily find on itch.io. The hds6G2hmamM-00040-00016686-00017064 Game Jam entries, the passion projects with zero budget, the labour of love games thrown hds6G2hmamM-00041-00017064-00017412 together by people who just want to express themselves without concern for monetary gain. hds6G2hmamM-00042-00017412-00017892 Thanks to Chris Maltby’s GB Studio, making games for the Nintendo Game Boy is incredibly easy, hds6G2hmamM-00043-00017892-00018240 and there are some wonderfully innovative things coming out of the Game Boy homebrew hds6G2hmamM-00044-00018240-00018570 community lately. These games can be played in-browser on most phones and computers, hds6G2hmamM-00045-00018570-00018960 or you can download a ROM, fire up Retroarch or another, better emulator, and play these hds6G2hmamM-00046-00018960-00019260 games on a device of your pleasing. Or, if you’re a proper nerd like me, hds6G2hmamM-00047-00019260-00019632 you load these ROMs onto your flash cartridge and play them on proper hardware. It’s great! hds6G2hmamM-00048-00019632-00020016 I say all this because, in discussing emulation on the Steam Deck, I want to make it quite clear hds6G2hmamM-00049-00020016-00020352 what my personally usage is like. I’m aware that I’m very much in the minority hds6G2hmamM-00050-00020352-00020712 here, and that most people who are emulating on Deck are using Dolphin to play Wind Waker or hds6G2hmamM-00051-00020712-00021084 whathaveyou – games that are a little meatier. My previous video on the Deck got more than a hds6G2hmamM-00052-00021084-00021354 few comments from people wondering why you would ever need a Switch when the hds6G2hmamM-00053-00021354-00021720 Deck can just pirate Nintendo games, and I have to say, that is not my cup of tea. hds6G2hmamM-00054-00021720-00022146 But the fact remains that, for all that the Steam Deck is an absolutely excellent emulation device, hds6G2hmamM-00055-00022146-00022614 for my personal needs, it’s a bit of an overkill. I don’t need 16gig of RAM to play, for example, hds6G2hmamM-00056-00022614-00023058 Ruby and Rusty Save the Crows. If all I’m doing is playing games that are less than a megabyte in hds6G2hmamM-00057-00023058-00023436 size, I probably don’t really need the Steam Deck. I’ve begun shopping, and this is definitely a hds6G2hmamM-00058-00023436-00023856 video for another time, but, I’ve begun shopping for the perfect emulation machine for my needs. hds6G2hmamM-00059-00023856-00024318 Maybe a Retroid Pocket. Maybe, if I feel like going really fancy, an Analogue Pocket. To me, hds6G2hmamM-00060-00024318-00024666 though, it would feel ridiculous to be playing a Game Boy game in black and white on one of hds6G2hmamM-00061-00024666-00025008 the most advanced gaming handhelds on the market. Hopefully you can see my logic here. hds6G2hmamM-00062-00025008-00025398 If this is the case, though, why do I feel like the Switch is more suitable than the Steam Deck? hds6G2hmamM-00063-00025908-00026226 Well, as mentioned in my last video, it comes down to the quality family hds6G2hmamM-00064-00026226-00026610 gaming time I spend with my daughter. Splatoon 3 was the game that we needed a new hds6G2hmamM-00065-00026610-00026976 Switch to play properly. We previously only had a Switch Lite, and I didn’t want my seven-year-old hds6G2hmamM-00066-00026976-00027372 playing online games on a handheld. I want to be in the room, keeping an eye on what she’s doing. hds6G2hmamM-00067-00027372-00027839 Case in point: what are the Miiverse posts called in Splatoon 3? I don’t know, hds6G2hmamM-00068-00027839-00028452 I’m too lazy to look it up. Whatever they’re called, we saw not a lot, but enough slightly hds6G2hmamM-00069-00028452-00028848 dodgy posts pop up during my daughter’s gameplay. Posts that made her scratch her head because, hds6G2hmamM-00070-00028848-00029304 why would someone say that? What does it mean? Daddy, do you understand what they’ve posted? hds6G2hmamM-00071-00029304-00029754 I did understand. It was a Sprigatito meme. I reached into the settings and just turned hds6G2hmamM-00072-00029754-00030162 off community posts. Problem solved. It’s a small thing, not the biggest deal in the world, hds6G2hmamM-00073-00030162-00030527 but it’s not something I’d have necessarily picked up on if my daughter was playing on a handheld. hds6G2hmamM-00074-00030527-00030936 So observing my kid is one thing, but the other tremendous benefit of having a Switch hds6G2hmamM-00075-00030936-00031344 that…actually switches…is that we get to enjoy a lot more time together playing these games. hds6G2hmamM-00076-00031344-00031824 I am a handheld fan. I always have been. It’s why I was so certain I’d enjoy the Steam Deck. hds6G2hmamM-00077-00031824-00032124 I have fond memories of sitting on the couch with my family when I was younger, hds6G2hmamM-00078-00032124-00032483 everyone else watching TV, me listening to Buffy the Vampire Slayer or whatever, hds6G2hmamM-00079-00032483-00032928 all while exploring the world of Pokemon Blue. It was this unique little world, all my own. hds6G2hmamM-00080-00032928-00033258 The small screen made it personal to me – there was a connection there that just hds6G2hmamM-00081-00033258-00033552 wouldn’t be the same on a big screen. As I’ve gotten older, I’ve continued to hds6G2hmamM-00082-00033552-00033924 prefer this way of playing. Handheld gaming doesn’t monopolise the television, it can be hds6G2hmamM-00083-00033924-00034296 done privately, it can be done while other people are doing other activities in the same room, and hds6G2hmamM-00084-00034296-00034722 I can play games I wouldn’t want my kids to see. And, I definitely still play games like this – see hds6G2hmamM-00085-00034722-00034980 the part of this video, a few minutes ago, where I talked about how for some hds6G2hmamM-00086-00034980-00035430 bizarre reason I’m still playing Game Boy games in 2022, 3, whatever year this is. hds6G2hmamM-00087-00035430-00035832 But I recently wrote out my family’s list of our games of the year, and I noticed how, yes, hds6G2hmamM-00088-00035832-00036276 I snuck a couple of solo experiences onto the list…but perhaps more so than any previous year, hds6G2hmamM-00089-00036276-00036606 the biggest gaming moments of 2022 have been family moments. hds6G2hmamM-00090-00036606-00036936 I don’t want to give too much away, there’s a video on this subject coming in a few weeks, hds6G2hmamM-00091-00036936-00037410 but we’ve played a lot of games together, on the TV, and that’s been a lot of fun. Perhaps often hds6G2hmamM-00092-00037410-00037884 more fun than my solo handheld gaming moments. And, yes, the Steam Deck can connect to the TV, hds6G2hmamM-00093-00037884-00038226 there are plenty of nifty dock options available, but for some reason, and I hds6G2hmamM-00094-00038226-00038790 absolutely cannot explain this, my daughter had absolutely zero interest in the Deck. Just, none. hds6G2hmamM-00095-00038790-00039240 I was hesitant to show it to her because she has a habit of claiming each new gaming device for hds6G2hmamM-00096-00039240-00039624 herself. When I did let her see it, and tried to show off a few of the games I was playing – Mickey hds6G2hmamM-00097-00039624-00040050 Mouse in the Castle of Illusion, Horizon Zero Dawn, Ducktales Remastered – she furrowed her hds6G2hmamM-00098-00040050-00040416 brow, then rolled her eyes, then went back to playing Hyrule Warriors on the Switch Lite. hds6G2hmamM-00099-00040416-00040848 I don’t understand it, I really don’t. Surely any of these somewhat Disney-esque games would hds6G2hmamM-00100-00040848-00041298 pique her interest – we’ve got Aloy, the feisty redhead Merida-like. There’s Mickey and Scrooge, hds6G2hmamM-00101-00041298-00041574 two adorable cartoon animals having cutesy platforming adventures. hds6G2hmamM-00102-00041574-00042120 In spite of this, though…nope. Just no interest. The Disney era of my daughter’s life is over, hds6G2hmamM-00103-00042120-00042510 and she now only cares about Nintendo characters. That’s kind of sad, although, hds6G2hmamM-00104-00042510-00042918 not that sad, as of the two mega franchises, at least Nintendo isn’t just remaking the hds6G2hmamM-00105-00042918-00043344 same four stories over and over and over again. The ultimate reason why the Switch is a better fit hds6G2hmamM-00106-00043344-00043800 for my family than the Steam Deck is that Nintendo really has got its claws in my daughter, and for hds6G2hmamM-00107-00043800-00044274 a younger player, the Switch is absolutely the better device right now. It’s no competition. The hds6G2hmamM-00108-00044274-00044790 Steam Deck is too much for a seven-year-old, and also, not enough. The raw power of this thing and hds6G2hmamM-00109-00044790-00045192 the ability to play Elden Ring on the toilet just isn’t a draw for her, but the fact that it can’t hds6G2hmamM-00110-00045192-00045636 legally play Splatoon 3 and Zelda is enough to make the choice between he two devices very easy. hds6G2hmamM-00111-00045636-00046116 So we got the Switch OLED model, we got the nice fancy Splatoon 3 one, and I very quickly hds6G2hmamM-00112-00046116-00046518 had to accept that the nifty coloured JoyCons are not going to last. My daughter has already hds6G2hmamM-00113-00046518-00046884 scratched one up, I don’t know what she did to it, so we’ve got maybe a year before JoyCon hds6G2hmamM-00114-00046884-00047292 drift means I’ve got to buy new ones. Yay. Just because my family is apparently beholden hds6G2hmamM-00115-00047292-00047694 to Nintendo doesn’t mean I have to like it. Because here’s the thing about the OLED Switch hds6G2hmamM-00116-00047694-00048102 in particular: I don’t really think the hardware stacks up against the Steam Deck. hds6G2hmamM-00117-00048102-00048426 And, I’m not talking about processing power or whathaveyou. Obviously the Switch is hds6G2hmamM-00118-00048426-00048816 underpowered – that’s a primary part of Nintendo’s business philosophy and it has been for decades if hds6G2hmamM-00119-00048816-00049236 not a century by this point. They don’t do modern. If you’re complaining that Nintendo’s handheld is hds6G2hmamM-00120-00049236-00049560 old-fashioned, you might as well complain that LEGO bricks are too blocky. That’s the point. hds6G2hmamM-00121-00049560-00049890 “Lateral Thinking with 'Withered' Technology.” That’s what Hiroshi hds6G2hmamM-00122-00049890-00050262 Yamauchi used to call Nintendo’s business strategy. Take some old, cheap, easy to hds6G2hmamM-00123-00050262-00050700 produce technology – like an LCD screen used primarily for digital watch faces – and find hds6G2hmamM-00124-00050700-00051108 a new use for it. Hence, the Game & Watch. Hence why the Game Boy had a monochrome hds6G2hmamM-00125-00051108-00051396 screen when the competitors had full colour. Hence why the original Wii hds6G2hmamM-00126-00051396-00051755 had waggly motion controls. Hence, now, why the Switch is basically a smartphone hds6G2hmamM-00127-00051755-00052110 with half a controller mounted on each side. It is what it is, and that’s fine, it does hds6G2hmamM-00128-00052110-00052554 the job, and the job is to allow people to play well crafted games either portably or on the TV. hds6G2hmamM-00129-00052554-00053028 I’m not fussed about processor speeds – but I do take umbrage with the hardware in another aspect. hds6G2hmamM-00130-00053028-00053394 The Switch OLED Model just doesn’t feel like it’s designed to last. hds6G2hmamM-00131-00053394-00053820 On the one hand there’s the JoyCon issue, and that’s not going away. I knew going into this hds6G2hmamM-00132-00053820-00054096 thing that I’d have a problem with these eventually, and as much as I’d like to be hds6G2hmamM-00133-00054096-00054420 precious about them, I have to accept that the seven-year-old who uses this thing the most hds6G2hmamM-00134-00054420-00054846 is going to trash them. It’s inevitable. But then there’s the screen. That glorious, hds6G2hmamM-00135-00054846-00055314 very pretty, bright, colourful OLED screen. Just a big slab of glass, waiting for hds6G2hmamM-00136-00055314-00056117 scratches. Waiting to get absolutely trashed. Our Switch Lite has been through the wars. At hds6G2hmamM-00137-00056117-00056472 one point both analogue sticks got covered in blue dye – I’m not really sure how that hds6G2hmamM-00138-00056472-00056832 happened. It’s been dropped on the gravel path outside the house and it bears some scars from hds6G2hmamM-00139-00056832-00057174 this. It has a screen protector that’s cracked in two places, and we just have to live with hds6G2hmamM-00140-00057174-00057546 that because if I put a new protector on, it’ll also shatter in a matter of minutes. hds6G2hmamM-00141-00057546-00058014 And, in spite of all this, the Switch Lite functions just fine. Very much a Game Boy hds6G2hmamM-00142-00058014-00058344 successor in terms of durability. The OLED Model, on the other hand, hds6G2hmamM-00143-00058344-00058817 feels just a little more delicate. The main issue is the screen, taking up so much real hds6G2hmamM-00144-00058817-00059190 estate on the device. I just know that it could easily take a bump or a scratch, hds6G2hmamM-00145-00059190-00059567 and suddenly it’ll never be the same again. So there’s a very simple rule in our house: hds6G2hmamM-00146-00059567-00059910 if you want to play a game in handheld mode (as my daughter is still wont to do), hds6G2hmamM-00147-00059910-00060329 you play on the Switch Lite. The OLED Model does not leave its dock. hds6G2hmamM-00148-00060329-00060846 This means, that the primary reason for getting an OLED model, is entirely wasted on us. We get hds6G2hmamM-00149-00060846-00061212 zero benefit from the fancy screen and all its supposedly amazing colour and clarity. hds6G2hmamM-00150-00061212-00061716 I do occasionally see the screen and marvel at it. When I need to input the parental control hds6G2hmamM-00151-00061716-00062088 password because my daughter is being allowed a little extra screen time, the easiest way to hds6G2hmamM-00152-00062088-00062478 pop it in without her seeing is to just lift up the Switch out of its dock. In these moments, hds6G2hmamM-00153-00062478-00062988 I am always blown away by just how nice that password screen looks. It’s looks really nice, hds6G2hmamM-00154-00062988-00063366 actually. That’s a nice screen. Probably would be pretty good for playing games on. hds6G2hmamM-00155-00063366-00063779 Oh well, back into the safety of the dock for you! It may be an issue with brand perception rather hds6G2hmamM-00156-00063779-00064188 than the device itself, but I’m afraid I no longer trust the longevity of Nintendo hds6G2hmamM-00157-00064188-00064488 hardware. Which is odd, as I just got through explaining how the Switch Lite hds6G2hmamM-00158-00064488-00064841 is doing really well, all things considered. There’s just something about that premium hds6G2hmamM-00159-00064841-00065286 hardware, the slightly more up-market OLED screen, that makes me incredibly wary of hds6G2hmamM-00160-00065286-00065682 letting my children actually touch it. That’s a problem for a device, as hds6G2hmamM-00161-00065682-00066018 mentioned, which appeals over the Deck primarily because it’s meant to be more kid-friendly. hds6G2hmamM-00162-00066018-00066414 All in all, if I just needed a Switch to use in TV mode and nothing else, hds6G2hmamM-00163-00066414-00066792 I could’ve just got a regular, older model with a less impressive battery life and a hds6G2hmamM-00164-00066792-00067242 smaller screen, and never known the difference. This has always been an issue with the vanilla hds6G2hmamM-00165-00067242-00067734 Switch. Yes, it can be either a handheld or a TV console, but because of its hybrid design, hds6G2hmamM-00166-00067734-00068064 it doesn’t do either perfectly. If it was a TV console, it could have hds6G2hmamM-00167-00068064-00068454 slightly beefier hardware, and people could stop blaming its internal workings for poorly optimised hds6G2hmamM-00168-00068454-00068868 Pokemon games. If it was just a handheld, as the Switch Lite is, it could be built for durability. hds6G2hmamM-00169-00068868-00069306 Trying to do both is, of course, the reason why the Switch is as popular as it is. The hybrid hds6G2hmamM-00170-00069306-00069666 design, the device’s USP, has won over millions of customers across the world. hds6G2hmamM-00171-00069666-00070104 As someone who owns one handheld Switch and one TV Switch, I don’t see this benefit as hds6G2hmamM-00172-00070104-00070464 keenly. I know that it’s Nintendo blasphemy to admit, but I’d actually have preferred hds6G2hmamM-00173-00070464-00070812 a TV-only version of this hardware. If I had to take a guess at which console hds6G2hmamM-00174-00070812-00071238 will stand the test of time with fewer hardware issues: I think the Steam Deck probably has more hds6G2hmamM-00175-00071238-00071640 longevity to it than the Switch OLED model. The Deck is a tremendously solid built, hds6G2hmamM-00176-00071640-00072078 nothing feels flimsy or delicate. Yes, its fan is loud, and that’s a bit of a worry, but everything hds6G2hmamM-00177-00072078-00072516 from the analogue sticks to the touchpads to the screen to the charging port feels durable in a way hds6G2hmamM-00178-00072516-00072954 that a switchable Switch simply doesn’t to me. It helps that, unlike Nintendo, Valve has hds6G2hmamM-00179-00072954-00073254 been very happy to let consumers fix problems with the device themselves. hds6G2hmamM-00180-00073254-00073674 Well, no, Nintendo would probably prefer you to do it yourself rather than sending JoyCons hds6G2hmamM-00181-00073674-00074004 in for repair…but they’re not exactly supportive in assisting home fixes. hds6G2hmamM-00182-00074004-00074418 Replacement parts, breakdown tutorials, and a general acceptance that some people are going hds6G2hmamM-00183-00074418-00074778 to crack the thing open and fiddle around with it, all mean that the Steam Deck feels more like hds6G2hmamM-00184-00074778-00075204 a handheld that will last and last and last. If anything does go wrong, it’s not going to be too hds6G2hmamM-00185-00075204-00075582 difficult for even a novice to track someone down that can switch out whichever part is causing the hds6G2hmamM-00186-00075582-00076062 issues, and it might even run better as a result! The Switch OLED Model, then, is a disconcertingly hds6G2hmamM-00187-00076062-00076518 beautiful toy. Something which a child can play with, but which they will inevitably ruin. hds6G2hmamM-00188-00076518-00076878 The Steam Deck is most certainly not designed for kids, what with all its fiddling and hds6G2hmamM-00189-00076878-00077256 settings-switching that’s required to get the most out of the device…but it’s actually the hds6G2hmamM-00190-00077256-00077622 handheld that I’d feel most comfortable giving to my daughter to play, because I know she won’t hds6G2hmamM-00191-00077622-00078534 be able to do any serious damage to it. All of this means that I’m ultimately hds6G2hmamM-00192-00078534-00078936 very happy with my decision to sell the Steam Deck and buy a Switch instead. In retrospect, hds6G2hmamM-00193-00078936-00079290 I might not have gone for an OLED model, but the broad strokes of allowing my daughter to hds6G2hmamM-00194-00079290-00079638 play the games she wants to play, on the TV, with minimal hassle, with my watching, hds6G2hmamM-00195-00079638-00080034 was certainly the right call for our family. That said… there is now a hole in my life hds6G2hmamM-00196-00080034-00080376 that’s been left by the Steam Deck. I don’t have the perfect emulation device, hds6G2hmamM-00197-00080376-00080796 I can’t play some of the cool older games that I’d like to play, and I’m having to make do using my hds6G2hmamM-00198-00080796-00081168 phone to play Game Boy games for the moment. I’m going to have to do some research. Is the hds6G2hmamM-00199-00081168-00081540 Steam Deck really the best possible emulation device? Or am I better off getting a Retroid hds6G2hmamM-00200-00081540-00081882 Pocket 3+, or one of countless other cheap and cheerful machines designed to hds6G2hmamM-00201-00081882-00082248 play retro games in a smaller package? That’s a question for another time. hds6G2hmamM-00202-00082248-00082644 For now, I have a little to say about this video’s sponsor, because they are Brilliant. hds6G2hmamM-00203-00082644-00083016 Literally. Brilliant. In my quest to learn everything about hds6G2hmamM-00204-00083076-00083562 everything in the universe, everywhere (it’s still very early days, obviously) I’ve been exploring hds6G2hmamM-00205-00083562-00084012 Brilliant’s many online learning courses, which teach science, maths, computing, and technology, hds6G2hmamM-00206-00084012-00084456 all through interactive lessons. I’ve been having a good time! I love how Brilliant hds6G2hmamM-00207-00084456-00084876 lays out everything visually, makes sense of what can often be an abstract concept when dealing with hds6G2hmamM-00208-00084876-00085284 numbers and equations. In particular, I like the interactive nature of these lessons – I can hds6G2hmamM-00209-00085284-00085638 learn by doing, completing small challenges so that I’m not just reading about numbers, hds6G2hmamM-00210-00085638-00085998 I’m putting them to use practically. This is an excellent tool for anyone looking hds6G2hmamM-00211-00085998-00086388 to learn about STEM subjects at any level – beginner all the way up to advanced learners. hds6G2hmamM-00212-00086388-00086886 With courses on subjects as varied as algebra, probability, calculus, electricity and magnetism, hds6G2hmamM-00213-00086886-00087324 quantum computing, programming with python, and artificial neuro networks, there’s a lot hds6G2hmamM-00214-00087324-00087690 in here for the lover of learning. As someone who prefers seeing things explained visually, hds6G2hmamM-00215-00087690-00088116 I really appreciate Brilliant’s well-crafted, neat presentation, and the interactive elements hds6G2hmamM-00216-00088116-00088584 that let me see principles in a practical setting. Brilliant is free to start using, but if, like me, hds6G2hmamM-00217-00088584-00088938 you get a kick out of it and want to try more, the first two hundred people who sign up using hds6G2hmamM-00218-00088938-00089454 the link brilliant.org/videogamestorytime will get 20% off an annual premium subscription plan. heBV7SZS4mM-00000-00000003-00000159 [Paul Fehrmann] Okay, so the heBV7SZS4mM-00001-00000159-00000905 next four minutes or whatever it's gonna be about reproducibility of computer searches in systematic reviews as you see and also heBV7SZS4mM-00002-00000921-00001262 checklist items used to assess computer search reports heBV7SZS4mM-00003-00001639-00002250 What you see the goal is to look at how checklist items can be used heBV7SZS4mM-00004-00002286-00002798 To support recording and then the assessment of computer search report information heBV7SZS4mM-00005-00002859-00003296 Related to the reproducibility of computer searches that are used for systematic reviews heBV7SZS4mM-00006-00003296-00003797 And then I'm going to quickly try to go through what you see listed there: the importance of systematic reviews, heBV7SZS4mM-00007-00003864-00003982 reproducibility, heBV7SZS4mM-00008-00003982-00004661 evaluating results and evaluating methodology - the difference between those. And also make some heBV7SZS4mM-00009-00004702-00005246 comments about a range of topics that you see listed there in four, and then also touch heBV7SZS4mM-00010-00005323-00005916 Different presentation a little bit short example of what we've been doing here at Kent State to assess reporting heBV7SZS4mM-00011-00006057-00006650 so this is the graphic that's been or there's many of these that talk about the heBV7SZS4mM-00012-00006784-00007302 pyramid of quality of evidence, and systematic reviews have often been viewed as the top heBV7SZS4mM-00013-00007393-00007856 Top of pyramid and then last year everybody probably knows heBV7SZS4mM-00014-00007923-00008092 the heBV7SZS4mM-00015-00008092-00008690 National Academy of Sciences came out with a report on reproducibility, replicability, and science and heBV7SZS4mM-00016-00008839-00009632 This is what it looked like and what I found interesting was that chapter 7 was on confidence in science and in that chapter heBV7SZS4mM-00017-00009675-00009822 there is a heBV7SZS4mM-00018-00009824-00010158 Quite a bit right in front. They talked about research synthesis heBV7SZS4mM-00019-00010264-00010962 as being something that addresses the central question of how the results of studies are related to one another and then systematic reviews are heBV7SZS4mM-00020-00010962-00011444 part of that research process heBV7SZS4mM-00021-00011482-00012032 So systematic reviews, this is a commonly cited graphic showing what systematic review process is heBV7SZS4mM-00022-00012196-00012396 After all the results are heBV7SZS4mM-00023-00012468-00013004 Synthesized, of course, you have your conclusions, but the question is, where did you get those resources? heBV7SZS4mM-00024-00013005-00013328 And how did you do that search and is it reproducible? heBV7SZS4mM-00025-00013466-00013759 I've been working this article by Goodman and others heBV7SZS4mM-00026-00013890-00014506 Discusses research reproducibility and what I've been working with is what they call methods reproducibility heBV7SZS4mM-00027-00014556-00015001 refers to the provision of enough detail on procedure so that those same procedures could be heBV7SZS4mM-00028-00015078-00015278 Actually exactly reproduced heBV7SZS4mM-00029-00015332-00015512 You want to evaluate methodology of course heBV7SZS4mM-00030-00015512-00016018 just be confident that the researchers use the methods that are expected for addressing that question heBV7SZS4mM-00031-00016043-00016669 and you want to evaluate the reporting methods to be confident that the report information is sufficient for evaluating method used heBV7SZS4mM-00032-00016715-00017233 Of course confidence in the reporting methods supports confidence you can have in the results of research heBV7SZS4mM-00033-00017276-00017776 Presented and then checklist can be used to indicate what to look for heBV7SZS4mM-00034-00017862-00018076 in 2009 a major heBV7SZS4mM-00035-00018215-00018368 tool came out heBV7SZS4mM-00036-00018368-00018697 Everybody probably knows about the PRISMA statement. In that statement heBV7SZS4mM-00037-00018719-00019312 They listed what they thought were items deemed essential for transparent reporting a systematic review heBV7SZS4mM-00038-00019479-00020068 These were the items that are included in the checklist what we've been doing what I've been doing for a couple years is looking at heBV7SZS4mM-00039-00020068-00020704 These checklists and I've kind of broken out the checklist into two areas. one is extensive heBV7SZS4mM-00040-00020781-00021425 Those checklists that are involved in extensive development and then below you see checklists that are involved in basic development heBV7SZS4mM-00041-00021443-00022192 There's links in the PowerPoint to all of these in case you wanted to look at the actual checklists and their explanatory documents heBV7SZS4mM-00042-00022307-00022630 In 2015, I was looking at these heBV7SZS4mM-00043-00022712-00023089 Checklists, and I was trying to compare them and there's I apologize for the fuzziness heBV7SZS4mM-00044-00023141-00023536 But back then I was looking to see how many items focused on heBV7SZS4mM-00045-00023736-00024416 comprehensiveness and how many items focus on reproducibility. so these are the items that I've been looking at heBV7SZS4mM-00046-00024558-00025360 AMSTAR has been out there, but their objective was to assess the methodological quality as opposed to the reproducibility heBV7SZS4mM-00047-00025437-00026179 item four on the AMSTAR says: "did the review authors use comprehensive literature search strategy?" and that's not about heBV7SZS4mM-00048-00026240-00026366 reproducibility heBV7SZS4mM-00049-00026366-00026499 so heBV7SZS4mM-00050-00026499-00026699 here at Kent State we heBV7SZS4mM-00051-00026756-00027142 Put together what we thought was the overlap from a lot of guidelines heBV7SZS4mM-00052-00027142-00027658 so we came up with these what I was calling a PRISMA set of items and all of these had to be heBV7SZS4mM-00053-00027760-00028314 Reported sufficiently in order to be confident that maybe their computer search was reproducible, reported sufficiently in order to be confident that heBV7SZS4mM-00054-00028322-00028562 maybe their computer search was reproducible heBV7SZS4mM-00055-00028562-00028762 this is a a heBV7SZS4mM-00056-00028967-00029631 Table from a paper that has been submitted for publication review, but item number four there indicates heBV7SZS4mM-00057-00029798-00029998 Shows which of these heBV7SZS4mM-00058-00030008-00030208 sets of systematic reviews heBV7SZS4mM-00059-00030251-00030449 reported all four items heBV7SZS4mM-00060-00030449-00031143 Down there at the bottom of the set of systematic reviews is APA journals in 2017. Only three of eighteen heBV7SZS4mM-00061-00031217-00031662 reported all of these items the information for all of these items by the way, those were heBV7SZS4mM-00062-00031751-00032109 Articles that had cited the PRISMA document as guidance heBV7SZS4mM-00063-00032192-00032689 And of course if the electronic search reproducibility is a viewed as dependent on 'this is what we said' heBV7SZS4mM-00064-00032792-00033297 Dependent on reporting this equivalent to what we call our PRISMA set then to the extent that the samples we assessed heBV7SZS4mM-00065-00033350-00033895 Represented reporting in psychology, these findings suggest readers would not have a strong basis for confidently heBV7SZS4mM-00066-00033932-00034615 Assuming that the electronic searches were reproducible. So that's my quick report on heBV7SZS4mM-00067-00034688-00035158 what we have been thinking in terms of items that can be used to evaluate the heBV7SZS4mM-00068-00035222-00035517 reporting of computer searches in systematic reviews heBV7SZS4mM-00069-00035600-00036042 And I'll have information on this from the OSF site. Thank you hfA1LC0GzyA-00000-00001024-00001592 My name is Dr Sam Akech, I'm a paediatrician and also a research scientist hfA1LC0GzyA-00001-00001655-00002064 currently working with the KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme in Nairobi. hfA1LC0GzyA-00002-00002136-00003120 I do research around 14 hospitals in Kenya where we monitor care that's given to the hfA1LC0GzyA-00003-00003120-00003664 children to identify what treatments work and what treatments need to be improved. hfA1LC0GzyA-00004-00003664-00004144 My research focuses on three big killers within the tropics: hfA1LC0GzyA-00005-00004144-00004680 I look at children with malaria, I also look at children with diarrhoea and dehydration, hfA1LC0GzyA-00006-00004736-00005352 and also children with severe illness often caused by conditions such as bacterial infections. hfA1LC0GzyA-00007-00005416-00005992 We work with a number of hospitals in Kenya, so using those hospitals hfA1LC0GzyA-00008-00006104-00006864 we are able to monitor care that is given and identify treatments at work and treatments that hfA1LC0GzyA-00009-00006864-00007568 require improvement, so using these hospitals we work with one of the things that we'll be working hfA1LC0GzyA-00010-00007568-00008256 with, with World Health Organization together with the Kenyan government, is to monitor whether the hfA1LC0GzyA-00011-00008320-00009096 malaria vaccine that will be introduced later on in 2019, whether the vaccine actually reduces hfA1LC0GzyA-00012-00009096-00009984 cases of severe malaria, and also we'll be able to check whether the vaccine has any side effects. hfA1LC0GzyA-00013-00010080-00010992 We will do that by monitoring children who are admitted to these hospitals, so we'll monitor them hfA1LC0GzyA-00014-00010992-00011664 to identify cases of severe malaria, and then also through the monitoring will be able to pick out hfA1LC0GzyA-00015-00011664-00012632 rare severe adverse events that may not have been picked out during the clinical trials. hfA1LC0GzyA-00016-00012880-00013480 So this will be quite relevant to the world in that the results from that evaluation will hfA1LC0GzyA-00017-00013480-00014184 be able to inform policy recommendation for the wider use of the malaria vaccine, which has been hfA1LC0GzyA-00018-00014184-00014824 developed for over 30 years, and really now the question is how should it be given going forward. hfA1LC0GzyA-00019-00014896-00015288 So over the last five to 10 years we've looked at hfA1LC0GzyA-00020-00015416-00016136 a number of things: one of the things has been to look at how do treatments that are developed hfA1LC0GzyA-00021-00016232-00016704 in clinical trials, how do they work in real life, so using hfA1LC0GzyA-00022-00016952-00017544 the hospital network that we work with, we've been able to identify children at risk of dying, hfA1LC0GzyA-00023-00017632-00018280 identify treatments that work, and treatments that require improvement, and one of the hfA1LC0GzyA-00024-00018280-00018936 areas I've been focusing on previously has been looking at children's diarrhoea and dehydration, hfA1LC0GzyA-00025-00018992-00019536 and looking at whether if you give the correct fluid prescription that results in hfA1LC0GzyA-00026-00019616-00020200 reduced risk of death, and what we found is that when clinicians do the right thing, hfA1LC0GzyA-00027-00020200-00021072 if they give the correct treatment then that results in less risk of death. hfA1LC0GzyA-00028-00021176-00022320 Other things we've looked at is that we've also investigated different strategies of identifying hfA1LC0GzyA-00029-00022320-00022880 children who require antibiotics, and now we are moving to the stage where we are thinking of hfA1LC0GzyA-00030-00022936-00023520 how do you incorporate this into routine practice by clinicians. hfA1LC0GzyA-00031-00023520-00023984 What we do is we look at things that are very important: hfA1LC0GzyA-00032-00024064-00024776 we look at conditions that still cause a lot of deaths in children in this region, and then you hfA1LC0GzyA-00033-00024776-00025440 realise that funders put in a lot of money for research in terms of developing interventions, hfA1LC0GzyA-00034-00025440-00026016 but a lot of these interventions are often at the shelves - they do not reach the patient hfA1LC0GzyA-00035-00026095-00026856 who is the intended beneficiary, so through the research we do, which basically is embedded within hfA1LC0GzyA-00036-00026856-00027536 routine practice, routine hospitals where patients come in, we are able to identify hfA1LC0GzyA-00037-00027600-00028208 how best to give treatments that have been shown to work in research, so this is quite hfA1LC0GzyA-00038-00028208-00028712 important when people are thinking of new interventions, and new innovations that are hfA1LC0GzyA-00039-00028712-00029216 really being funded, so working with hospitals routinely is very important. hfA1LC0GzyA-00040-00029280-00030312 So this really fits into what's intended because really, the goal for any research often is to hfA1LC0GzyA-00041-00030312-00031000 improve lives and reduce the risk of death, but the gap between the research and actually hfA1LC0GzyA-00042-00031000-00031672 improving lives usually is how to implement the treatment, how to give the treatment in real life. hfA1LC0GzyA-00043-00031736-00032304 So the research that we do, working with hospitals that provide the hfA1LC0GzyA-00044-00032304-00033128 care routinely, has been important in finding out ways of actually giving care hfA1LC0GzyA-00045-00033344-00033784 and getting treatments to work in real practice. hfG3dW0-kFk-00000-00000610-00001000 Hello, my name is Philipp Zuber, I am working with SCHUNK in Product Marketing hfG3dW0-kFk-00001-00001010-00001500 and I would like to present to you our new gripper, SCHUNK EGH. hfG3dW0-kFk-00002-00001510-00002100 The SCHUNK EGH is a gripper that has been especially designed for applications with cobots and lightweight robots hfG3dW0-kFk-00003-00002110-00002600 This can be seen from the shape and appearance of the gripper. hfG3dW0-kFk-00004-00002610-00003400 You can see that the gripper has a plastic cover with rounded edges and perfectly fits into the surrounding area of cobots. hfG3dW0-kFk-00005-00003410-00003900 The gripper design is also based on the SCHUNK Co-act grippers. hfG3dW0-kFk-00006-00003910-00004500 The SCHUNK Co-act grippers are especially made for use in human-robot collaboration. hfG3dW0-kFk-00007-00004510-00005300 In contrast, the EGH is not suitable for use in in direct human-robot collaboration. hfG3dW0-kFk-00008-00005410-00006100 This difference is also visible in the color of the housing. The EGH has grey color accents. hfG3dW0-kFk-00009-00006210-00006700 The SCHUNK Co-act grippers have blue color accents at these areas. hfG3dW0-kFk-00010-00006709-00007400 Let us have a look at the technical base values: It is electrically controlled with 24 Volt and IO-Link, hfG3dW0-kFk-00011-00007409-00008700 and has a gripping force of 100 Newton, a stroke of 40 mm, and an overall stroke of 80 mm. hfG3dW0-kFk-00012-00008810-00009300 The servomotor of the EGH is installed in the housing. hfG3dW0-kFk-00013-00009310-00010200 The movement of the servomotor is then transferred with a multi-stage gear into a parallel jaw movement. Let me show it to you. hfG3dW0-kFk-00014-00010510-00011300 This parallel jaw movement has the advantage that you always achieve the complete gripping force over the entire gripper stroke. hfG3dW0-kFk-00015-00011410-00012000 That means: no matter where the workpiece is gripped or if different sizes or workpieces are gripped, hfG3dW0-kFk-00016-00012010-00012500 the applied gripping force is always 100 Newton. hfG3dW0-kFk-00017-00012510-00012900 Moreover, the parallel jaw stroke is flexibly adjustable. hfG3dW0-kFk-00018-00013010-00013200 Let us look at some special features of the gripper: hfG3dW0-kFk-00019-00013210-00014300 First, there is the LED light band on the upper end of the gripper. This light band can light up in the colors green, yellow and red. hfG3dW0-kFk-00020-00014310-00014800 These colors can be directly controlled via digital signals. hfG3dW0-kFk-00021-00014810-00015700 This has the advantage that the operator can manually adjust the color of the gripper’s individual gripping conditions. hfG3dW0-kFk-00022-00015810-00016200 The gripper has a light band, but also three status LEDs on the back. hfG3dW0-kFk-00023-00016310-00017200 They additionally illustrate the gripping states, e.g. if the gripper is connected to the robot control unit. hfG3dW0-kFk-00024-00017310-00017800 Another feature is visible a bit further above: the assembly quick-release fastener. hfG3dW0-kFk-00025-00017810-00018300 It allows fast and simple gripper connection to the robot. hfG3dW0-kFk-00026-00018410-00019100 The gripper’s scope of delivery includes an adapter plate. Once it has been tightened with screws, hfG3dW0-kFk-00027-00019110-00020100 and the hexagon socket connection here, and on the opposing side, the gripper can be assembled quickly and easily. hfG3dW0-kFk-00028-00020210-00020500 Electric connection is performed via a cable. hfG3dW0-kFk-00029-00020510-00021300 This cable includes the power supply but also the cables for controlling the gripper and light band. hfG3dW0-kFk-00030-00021410-00022300 If you should require further information on gripper commission and assembly, please watch the video on our Youtube channel or visit SCHUNK blue>> Media. hfG3dW0-kFk-00031-00022410-00022800 Let us go back to the gripper again and have a look onto the finger interface: hfG3dW0-kFk-00032-00022810-00023600 Here in the front we have a universal jaw interface, which makes it possible to attach customer-specific fingers. hfG3dW0-kFk-00033-00023610-00024600 In the middle of the interface there is a thread, and two pin holes for ensuring a higher accuracy. hfG3dW0-kFk-00034-00024610-00025000 The gripper can also be ordered as a starter kit. hfG3dW0-kFk-00035-00025010-00025600 The starter kit includes all necessary components and tools for gripper assembly, hfG3dW0-kFk-00036-00025610-00026200 but also two different pairs of fingers. Let us have a look at them. hfG3dW0-kFk-00037-00026210-00027000 We have one set of rigid fingers. They are suitable for permanent use on the gripper. hfG3dW0-kFk-00038-00027010-00028000 They are very stable and can be equipped with additional gripping inserts any time you want. hfG3dW0-kFk-00039-00028310-00028900 The second pair of fingers that is included in the gripper’s scope of delivery, are flexible fingers. hfG3dW0-kFk-00040-00028910-00029500 That means that these fingers are additionally adjustable. hfG3dW0-kFk-00041-00029510-00030200 We have two joints here. They resemble to the joints of human fingers. hfG3dW0-kFk-00042-00030210-00030900 Therefore, they can be adapted to different gripping widths and shapes. hfG3dW0-kFk-00043-00031010-00031500 This offers an additional flexibility to the gripper. hfG3dW0-kFk-00044-00031610-00032200 As you can see, the starter kit also includes gripper finger inserts. hfG3dW0-kFk-00045-00032210-00032700 Three different inserts with different contours and materials are available. hfG3dW0-kFk-00046-00032810-00033300 They ensure that workpieces with different surfaces or qualities are safely gripped. hfG3dW0-kFk-00047-00033510-00034200 As you can see, the EGH is a simple gripper but yet very flexible and easy to handle. hfG3dW0-kFk-00048-00034210-00034900 The gripper is included in the starter kit that contains everything necessary for gripper assembly. hfG3dW0-kFk-00049-00034910-00035600 Therefore it is individually, but in particular suitable for beginners in the field of automation. hfG3dW0-kFk-00050-00035710-00036300 If you should require further information on the gripper or are interested in other SCHUNK products, hfG3dW0-kFk-00051-00036410-00037100 please contact us or visit our homepage at schunk.com hfG3dW0-kFk-00052-00037110-00037400 Thank you for watching and look forward to our next video! hgC8ovnkC7I-00000-00001150-00001540 Today's lecture, if you look at the online guide, hgC8ovnkC7I-00001-00001540-00001780 is supposed to be about Martin Luther King, hgC8ovnkC7I-00002-00001780-00001956 the establishment of the Southern Christian hgC8ovnkC7I-00003-00001956-00002190 Leadership Conference, as well as the Student hgC8ovnkC7I-00004-00002190-00002380 Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. hgC8ovnkC7I-00005-00002380-00002710 And I'm going to do my absolute best to get us to that moment. hgC8ovnkC7I-00006-00002710-00002906 We should be able to do it. But because of the lost hgC8ovnkC7I-00007-00002906-00003120 lecture due to the midterm, this is sort of my last hgC8ovnkC7I-00008-00003120-00003400 attempt to get us back on schedule. So I want to hgC8ovnkC7I-00009-00003400-00003720 canvass a slightly larger period. Today I plan on hgC8ovnkC7I-00010-00003720-00003940 discussing some critical aspects of the Montgomery hgC8ovnkC7I-00011-00003940-00004260 bus boycott and the integration of Central High hgC8ovnkC7I-00012-00004260-00004550 School in Little Rock, events from '54, hgC8ovnkC7I-00013-00004550-00004960 excuse me, '55, '56,'57. hgC8ovnkC7I-00014-00004960-00005530 By doing so, it allows me to talk about a very important hgC8ovnkC7I-00015-00005530-00005830 aspect of the movement that I've made an allusion to hgC8ovnkC7I-00016-00005830-00005980 already once or twice in the course, hgC8ovnkC7I-00017-00005980-00006260 but you'll certainly see it coming up again--time and hgC8ovnkC7I-00018-00006260-00006580 again over the next few weeks of the course, hgC8ovnkC7I-00019-00006580-00007006 and that is the issue of respectability. Just as we hgC8ovnkC7I-00020-00007006-00007130 can look at the late nineteenth hgC8ovnkC7I-00021-00007130-00007286 century's--century and issues of, hgC8ovnkC7I-00022-00007286-00007730 of being civilized, of having proper sort of normed hgC8ovnkC7I-00023-00007730-00008030 middle class behaviors is very important to at least hgC8ovnkC7I-00024-00008030-00008230 the black leadership elite class, hgC8ovnkC7I-00025-00008230-00008610 being respectable, being the right kind of person is hgC8ovnkC7I-00026-00008610-00008990 fundamental to understanding a lot of the civil rights hgC8ovnkC7I-00027-00008990-00009156 struggles. Now let's look at the Montgomery bus hgC8ovnkC7I-00028-00009156-00009606 boycott. And I'm going to presume that in the history hgC8ovnkC7I-00029-00009606-00009790 of the Montgomery bus boycott and the hgC8ovnkC7I-00030-00009790-00009920 desegregation of Central High School, hgC8ovnkC7I-00031-00009920-00010190 this is now American History 101 that you should have had hgC8ovnkC7I-00032-00010190-00010460 the gloss of it when you were in high school. And hgC8ovnkC7I-00033-00010460-00010710 I'm sure you didn't get much more than the gloss, hgC8ovnkC7I-00034-00010710-00010930 and I'm sure the gloss was wrong. [students laugh] hgC8ovnkC7I-00035-00010930-00011220 But what I want to do is actually give you--you know hgC8ovnkC7I-00036-00011220-00011390 the mythic narrative of these things, hgC8ovnkC7I-00037-00011390-00011620 which is there for a reason, and I want to give you some hgC8ovnkC7I-00038-00011620-00011940 background details that are important to consider. So hgC8ovnkC7I-00039-00011940-00012066 as far as the boycott is concerned, hgC8ovnkC7I-00040-00012066-00012370 Montgomery bus boycott, there's a standard history hgC8ovnkC7I-00041-00012370-00012776 that has become mythic. Rosa Parks, hgC8ovnkC7I-00042-00012776-00013206 the tired seamstress, refuses to give up the seat, hgC8ovnkC7I-00043-00013206-00013550 her seat, on the bus in Montgomery and she gets hgC8ovnkC7I-00044-00013550-00013886 arrested. Martin Luther King comes swooping in to hgC8ovnkC7I-00045-00013886-00014200 her rescue and then rises to the national scene with his hgC8ovnkC7I-00046-00014200-00014350 leadership of the yearlong boycott, hgC8ovnkC7I-00047-00014350-00014490 thirteen-month boycott, that would, hgC8ovnkC7I-00048-00014490-00014869 that would ensue shortly thereafter. I was looking hgC8ovnkC7I-00049-00014869-00015080 at the syllabus last night and realized I dropped a hgC8ovnkC7I-00050-00015080-00015430 reading for you. And I want to encourage you to go back hgC8ovnkC7I-00051-00015430-00015660 and look at it now. I'm referencing it right now. I hgC8ovnkC7I-00052-00015660-00015900 believe it's pages three fifty-two to three sixty-one hgC8ovnkC7I-00053-00015900-00016219 in the Manning Marable anthology. It just, hgC8ovnkC7I-00054-00016219-00016380 I just, it just slipped out of the syllabus by hgC8ovnkC7I-00055-00016380-00016596 accident. And in those pages, hgC8ovnkC7I-00056-00016596-00016890 you'll see Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, hgC8ovnkC7I-00057-00016890-00017500 a prominent black woman in Montgomery, hgC8ovnkC7I-00058-00017500-00017716 explain her version of the events around the bus hgC8ovnkC7I-00059-00017716-00018250 boycott. Just even knowing about Jo Ann Gibson Robinson hgC8ovnkC7I-00060-00018250-00018870 changes the story of the bus boycott. Robinson was part hgC8ovnkC7I-00061-00018870-00019230 of a cadre of, of middle-class African hgC8ovnkC7I-00062-00019230-00019460 American women, sort of think of the club women from hgC8ovnkC7I-00063-00019460-00019670 the early, late-nineteenth century that I talked about hgC8ovnkC7I-00064-00019670-00020100 a few weeks ago, who had already organized into a hgC8ovnkC7I-00065-00020100-00020540 force, the Women's Political Council. These were women hgC8ovnkC7I-00066-00020540-00020950 who were well-educated, college educated, hgC8ovnkC7I-00067-00020950-00021230 some of them teaching at a local college. These were hgC8ovnkC7I-00068-00021230-00021730 sort of the elite. Although they didn't nece--they hgC8ovnkC7I-00069-00021730-00021920 weren't rolling in money, these were the elite in, hgC8ovnkC7I-00070-00021920-00022110 in black Montgomery. The Women's Political Council hgC8ovnkC7I-00071-00022110-00022330 with Jo Ann Gibson Robinson's leadership, hgC8ovnkC7I-00072-00022330-00022526 she's one of the key figures in it, hgC8ovnkC7I-00073-00022526-00023000 has already gone to the black ministers in town and hgC8ovnkC7I-00074-00023000-00023420 the city government in town about their frustration over hgC8ovnkC7I-00075-00023420-00023840 the way that blacks were treated on the buses and the hgC8ovnkC7I-00076-00023840-00024110 way they were treated in stores downtown. "Economic hgC8ovnkC7I-00077-00024110-00024260 boycott" are the words they're floating around. hgC8ovnkC7I-00078-00024260-00024480 They wanted to try to develop the courage in the hgC8ovnkC7I-00079-00024480-00024830 black community to get a boycott organized. The hgC8ovnkC7I-00080-00024830-00025156 Women's Political Council keeps running into dead ends hgC8ovnkC7I-00081-00025156-00025370 in various places. They might get a meeting, hgC8ovnkC7I-00082-00025370-00025689 but the meeting, frankly, where men were in a hgC8ovnkC7I-00083-00025689-00025989 leadership position, would be rather condescending to hgC8ovnkC7I-00084-00025989-00026220 the women: "That's very sweet of you to come in, hgC8ovnkC7I-00085-00026220-00026910 but, you know, we'll take care of things now." hgC8ovnkC7I-00086-00026910-00027139 Nothing would happen. Now the Women's Political hgC8ovnkC7I-00087-00027139-00027370 Council actually tries to organize boycotts of the hgC8ovnkC7I-00088-00027370-00027666 buses around issues of crisis, hgC8ovnkC7I-00089-00027666-00027926 and this is when other people get arrested for hgC8ovnkC7I-00090-00027926-00028386 refusing to give up their seat. Now if you look at hgC8ovnkC7I-00091-00028386-00028639 the selection in the Marable reading and Jo Ann Gibson hgC8ovnkC7I-00092-00028639-00028926 Robinson's recounting of the bus boycott and Rosa Parks hgC8ovnkC7I-00093-00028926-00029216 arrest, you might find something striking. When I hgC8ovnkC7I-00094-00029216-00029380 was actually going back and looking at it tonight, hgC8ovnkC7I-00095-00029380-00029710 like, "God, how did I forget to include this?" If you hgC8ovnkC7I-00096-00029710-00029956 scan it, as I did several times, hgC8ovnkC7I-00097-00029956-00030146 for Martin Luther King's role, hgC8ovnkC7I-00098-00030146-00030370 you will only see King's name mentioned once and, hgC8ovnkC7I-00099-00030370-00030610 quite literally, in the second to last line, hgC8ovnkC7I-00100-00030610-00030880 I believe, of this reading. Now this is an excerpt, hgC8ovnkC7I-00101-00030880-00031086 granted. Things might have been dropped out. But if hgC8ovnkC7I-00102-00031086-00031230 nothing else, metaphorically, hgC8ovnkC7I-00103-00031230-00031526 it's actually a very important point. King was hgC8ovnkC7I-00104-00031526-00031926 not there, not engaged in the organizing moment, hgC8ovnkC7I-00105-00031926-00032276 early organizing moments of the bus boycott, hgC8ovnkC7I-00106-00032276-00032750 what would turn into the bus boycott. Now why bother hgC8ovnkC7I-00107-00032750-00032956 telling this story? Just because it's inserting a new hgC8ovnkC7I-00108-00032956-00033216 cast of characters? Well, maybe that's part of it. hgC8ovnkC7I-00109-00033216-00033360 Maybe because it was pointing to the role that hgC8ovnkC7I-00110-00033360-00033470 women played in the movement, hgC8ovnkC7I-00111-00033470-00033620 had always played in the movement. That's certainly hgC8ovnkC7I-00112-00033620-00033890 part of it as well. But another part of it's hgC8ovnkC7I-00113-00033890-00034320 important to know, is that the bus boycott was, hgC8ovnkC7I-00114-00034320-00034706 its success was incumbent upon many different hgC8ovnkC7I-00115-00034706-00034890 factors. It wasn't just King's charisma, hgC8ovnkC7I-00116-00034890-00035260 although we cannot ever discount King's charisma. hgC8ovnkC7I-00117-00035260-00035646 Part of it was dealing with an already established and hgC8ovnkC7I-00118-00035646-00035876 organized, politically organized, hgC8ovnkC7I-00119-00035876-00036110 black middle class, as basically the organizing is hgC8ovnkC7I-00120-00036110-00036430 done through their women. There's already, hgC8ovnkC7I-00121-00036430-00036740 then, a network of activists in place, hgC8ovnkC7I-00122-00036740-00037060 upon which King's charisma could be displayed, hgC8ovnkC7I-00123-00037060-00037160 or through which. hgC8ovnkC7I-00124-00037160-00037600 I don't know what the right descriptor is. It basically hgC8ovnkC7I-00125-00037600-00037806 starts to muddy up the narrative of the civil hgC8ovnkC7I-00126-00037806-00038006 rights movement, this, this amazing moment of the hgC8ovnkC7I-00127-00038006-00038256 movement. But there's more to the story, hgC8ovnkC7I-00128-00038256-00038700 always more complicating factors. Rosa Parks was hgC8ovnkC7I-00129-00038700-00038870 arrested, there's no doubt about that, hgC8ovnkC7I-00130-00038870-00039026 but it wasn't as spontaneous as history makes it out to hgC8ovnkC7I-00131-00039026-00039626 be. Now Parks is refer--referred to as the hgC8ovnkC7I-00132-00039890-00040140 mother of the movement, partly because of her hgC8ovnkC7I-00133-00040140-00040480 indisputable character. She was as proper as one could hgC8ovnkC7I-00134-00040480-00040660 imagine. She was hardworking, hgC8ovnkC7I-00135-00040660-00040860 she was civil, she was law-abiding. hgC8ovnkC7I-00136-00041040-00041360 She's the perfect person to become a "victim, hgC8ovnkC7I-00137-00041360-00041600 of it were, of an insane system. If you can't treat hgC8ovnkC7I-00138-00041600-00041940 this person properly, there's something hgC8ovnkC7I-00139-00041940-00042280 fundamentally wrong with your system. We know that hgC8ovnkC7I-00140-00042280-00042590 about Rosa Parks. But what we don't know is that she'd hgC8ovnkC7I-00141-00042590-00042870 been trained at a civil rights institute the summer hgC8ovnkC7I-00142-00042870-00043196 before she decides to get arrested, hgC8ovnkC7I-00143-00043196-00043656 the Highlander School in Tennessee. Parks was hgC8ovnkC7I-00144-00043656-00043896 reluctant to go, but she had friends who were already hgC8ovnkC7I-00145-00043896-00044100 committed to the movement in very public ways, hgC8ovnkC7I-00146-00044100-00044430 convinced her to come along. And while there, hgC8ovnkC7I-00147-00044430-00044630 she's meeting with white radicals, hgC8ovnkC7I-00148-00044630-00044880 labor activists, Communist Party members, hgC8ovnkC7I-00149-00044880-00045300 other black activists from around the country, hgC8ovnkC7I-00150-00045300-00045500 and learning about nonviolent civil hgC8ovnkC7I-00151-00045500-00045800 disobedience, learning about different strategies in hgC8ovnkC7I-00152-00045800-00046396 which to create a crisis for the sake of the greater hgC8ovnkC7I-00153-00046396-00046950 good. So Rosa Parks, now she's not a fire-breathing hgC8ovnkC7I-00154-00046950-00047260 radical. She's not at the vanguard, hgC8ovnkC7I-00155-00047260-00047560 but she is trained and she's prepared for that moment hgC8ovnkC7I-00156-00047560-00047750 when it actually happens. hgC8ovnkC7I-00157-00047750-00047980 That's dropped out of the history. Another thing hgC8ovnkC7I-00158-00047980-00048080 that's dropped out of the history is, hgC8ovnkC7I-00159-00048080-00048336 she was not the first woman--or person, hgC8ovnkC7I-00160-00048336-00048520 but in this case, woman-- to be arrested for, hgC8ovnkC7I-00161-00048520-00048980 you know, violating etiquette on the buses, hgC8ovnkC7I-00162-00048980-00049246 certainly not in Montgomery, certainly not in other hgC8ovnkC7I-00163-00049246-00049376 places. hgC8ovnkC7I-00164-00049376-00049686 In fact, a few weeks before Parks was arrested, hgC8ovnkC7I-00165-00049686-00049920 a young woman named Claudette Colvin was hgC8ovnkC7I-00166-00049920-00050270 arrested in a similar situation. The boycott hgC8ovnkC7I-00167-00050270-00050506 almost emerged, organized by the Women's Political hgC8ovnkC7I-00168-00050506-00050770 Council, and the boycott almost emerged revolving hgC8ovnkC7I-00169-00050770-00051110 around Colvin's arrest. She was a straight-A student; hgC8ovnkC7I-00170-00051110-00051386 she seemed to be of impeccable character. If hgC8ovnkC7I-00171-00051386-00051570 you're treating a child like this, hgC8ovnkC7I-00172-00051570-00051870 how could you treat any--I mean how could you claim to hgC8ovnkC7I-00173-00051870-00052290 be humane? It turns out though, hgC8ovnkC7I-00174-00052290-00052856 that very quickly discovered that they couldn't use her, hgC8ovnkC7I-00175-00052856-00053200 Colvin, as a vehicle for their boycott, hgC8ovnkC7I-00176-00053200-00053570 because this straight-A student of unimpeachable hgC8ovnkC7I-00177-00053570-00053820 character, unmarried of course, hgC8ovnkC7I-00178-00053820-00054079 also happened to be pregnant. She was not hgC8ovnkC7I-00179-00054079-00054520 showing at the moment. People in Montgomery, hgC8ovnkC7I-00180-00054520-00054890 black activists, realized right away there's no case. hgC8ovnkC7I-00181-00054890-00055160 That they, they cannot make a case around her because of hgC8ovnkC7I-00182-00055160-00055379 Southern traditions that would say that she was hgC8ovnkC7I-00183-00055379-00055610 immoral for her, quote, "condition." And that would hgC8ovnkC7I-00184-00055610-00055960 have been the word that would have been used. And hgC8ovnkC7I-00185-00055960-00056210 they knew that they could not make a convincing case hgC8ovnkC7I-00186-00056210-00056600 if they have someone with such failed standards, hgC8ovnkC7I-00187-00056600-00056929 such immorality in her system, hgC8ovnkC7I-00188-00056929-00057140 that she'd be the worst example for these women hgC8ovnkC7I-00189-00057140-00057420 activists. The activists understood that being hgC8ovnkC7I-00190-00057420-00057986 respectable in a very narrow band of what that means was hgC8ovnkC7I-00191-00057986-00058396 absolutely critical. Respectability is so hgC8ovnkC7I-00192-00058396-00058820 important to the movement, because anything that hgC8ovnkC7I-00193-00058820-00059160 transgressed a line of being respectable could be used to hgC8ovnkC7I-00194-00059160-00059370 justify a denial of some sort, hgC8ovnkC7I-00195-00059370-00059640 whether it's legal, "You can't come to this school, hgC8ovnkC7I-00196-00059640-00059879 whether it's psychological, "I can, hgC8ovnkC7I-00197-00059879-00060140 I can limit your entire existence in terms of hgC8ovnkC7I-00198-00060140-00060429 possibilities," or whether it's physical, hgC8ovnkC7I-00199-00060429-00060926 "I can kill you." Let's just go back to Brown v. hgC8ovnkC7I-00200-00060926-00061270 Board and the reactions to it. I already told you hgC8ovnkC7I-00201-00061270-00061506 about Melba Beals' experience as she's about to hgC8ovnkC7I-00202-00061506-00061729 be raped when she's twelve years old, hgC8ovnkC7I-00203-00061929-00062296 but we can see in reactions in other places in the hgC8ovnkC7I-00204-00062296-00062870 South, systemic reactions, the extent or the ways in hgC8ovnkC7I-00205-00062870-00063256 which there was a logic that blacks had to behave just hgC8ovnkC7I-00206-00063256-00063686 right because the stakes were so high. In the wake hgC8ovnkC7I-00207-00063686-00063820 of Brown v. hgC8ovnkC7I-00208-00063820-00064329 Board, in July of '54, the White Citizens Council is hgC8ovnkC7I-00209-00064329-00064516 formed. I'm simplifying a lot, hgC8ovnkC7I-00210-00064516-00064970 but think of it as the upper-crust Ku Klux Klan. hgC8ovnkC7I-00211-00064970-00065110 Business leaders, white males, hgC8ovnkC7I-00212-00065110-00065300 prominent figures in these Southern towns that hgC8ovnkC7I-00213-00065300-00065686 organized, Southern cities, organized themselves, hgC8ovnkC7I-00214-00065686-00066086 fund Klan activities, making sure in a variety of ways hgC8ovnkC7I-00215-00066086-00066290 that there would not be an integration or destruction hgC8ovnkC7I-00216-00066290-00066850 of their social order. Economic warfare happens hgC8ovnkC7I-00217-00066850-00067140 across the South with, with city leaders, hgC8ovnkC7I-00218-00067140-00067490 White Coun--White Citizens Councils battling it out hgC8ovnkC7I-00219-00067490-00067780 with radicals, the most proper radicals, hgC8ovnkC7I-00220-00067780-00068300 like Jo--Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Governments start hgC8ovnkC7I-00221-00068300-00068740 responding. This arcane little caveat in, hgC8ovnkC7I-00222-00068740-00069500 in--excuse me, loss of words here--in how governments hgC8ovnkC7I-00223-00069500-00069780 interact, the Doctrine of Interposition. It's a weird hgC8ovnkC7I-00224-00069780-00070136 phrase. The Doctrine of Interposition is invoked by hgC8ovnkC7I-00225-00070136-00070340 Southerners, saying that the federal government had no hgC8ovnkC7I-00226-00070340-00070526 power to interfere in states. This goes back to hgC8ovnkC7I-00227-00070526-00070886 1832 or something like that. Completely ignored hgC8ovnkC7I-00228-00070886-00071290 little tidbit attached on some bill somewhere. hgC8ovnkC7I-00229-00071516-00071730 Southern governors and governments start invoking hgC8ovnkC7I-00230-00071730-00071910 the Doctrine of Interposition, hgC8ovnkC7I-00231-00071910-00072416 saying the federal government had no power to hgC8ovnkC7I-00232-00072416-00072760 interfere, interfere in states. Federal officials hgC8ovnkC7I-00233-00072760-00072996 from the South, members of the House of Representatives hgC8ovnkC7I-00234-00072996-00073280 and Senate, gather together and all through the Southern hgC8ovnkC7I-00235-00073280-00073730 Manifesto, saying that Brown was a clear abuse of hgC8ovnkC7I-00236-00073730-00074050 judicial power. Only one member from a federal hgC8ovnkC7I-00237-00074050-00074290 delegation in the South refused to participate, hgC8ovnkC7I-00238-00074290-00074600 and that's Al Gore, Sr. from Tennessee. Wait, hgC8ovnkC7I-00239-00074600-00074886 I might be blanking on that. I think--Kefauver. hgC8ovnkC7I-00240-00074886-00074986 Kefauver, yeah, thank you. hgC8ovnkC7I-00241-00074986-00075276 and Lyndon Johnson. Was it three? hgC8ovnkC7I-00242-00075276-00075380 It was three. hgC8ovnkC7I-00243-00075380-00075716 Well, there you go, it was three. Well done. Where'd hgC8ovnkC7I-00244-00075716-00076060 you learn this history? Did you take this class last hgC8ovnkC7I-00245-00076060-00076160 year? hgC8ovnkC7I-00246-00076160-00076400 No, I just wrote a paper on postwar America. hgC8ovnkC7I-00247-00076400-00076506 Excellent. Well done. hgC8ovnkC7I-00248-00076506-00076760 You were trained by somebody well. Anyway, hgC8ovnkC7I-00249-00076760-00076970 but thank you. There was--All but three of I hgC8ovnkC7I-00250-00076970-00077286 think maybe a hundred people. hgC8ovnkC7I-00251-00077286-00077470 No, there were representatives who didn't hgC8ovnkC7I-00252-00077470-00077570 do it, including Rayburn. hgC8ovnkC7I-00253-00077570-00077716 Oh, well hell, apparently I don't know the history at hgC8ovnkC7I-00254-00077716-00077816 all. hgC8ovnkC7I-00255-00077816-00078060 There were other representatives. hgC8ovnkC7I-00256-00078060-00078266 This is why it's so dangerous to talk to hgC8ovnkC7I-00257-00078266-00078656 students at Yale. The fact is massive--the Southern hgC8ovnkC7I-00258-00078656-00079150 Manifesto is a declaration that Brown doesn't carry hgC8ovnkC7I-00259-00079150-00079610 weight. There's going to be a negative response of, hgC8ovnkC7I-00260-00079610-00079920 of, of resistance, and the phrase becomes known as hgC8ovnkC7I-00261-00079920-00080410 "massive resistance"; that the South is going to refuse hgC8ovnkC7I-00262-00080410-00080720 to proceed forward with the logic coming down from the hgC8ovnkC7I-00263-00080720-00081320 Supreme Court. People start becoming targeted. NAACP as hgC8ovnkC7I-00264-00081560-00081920 an organization becomes targeted by Southern hgC8ovnkC7I-00265-00081920-00082266 legislatures, saying the NAACP had to reveal its hgC8ovnkC7I-00266-00082266-00082656 membership list in order to stay in business as a, hgC8ovnkC7I-00267-00082656-00083000 as a, an organization, had to reveal who was in its hgC8ovnkC7I-00268-00083000-00083330 membership. This is basically a death warrant to hgC8ovnkC7I-00269-00083330-00083530 the organization in some states, hgC8ovnkC7I-00270-00083530-00083790 and to people who were, and to people who were members. hgC8ovnkC7I-00271-00083790-00083986 If you were known to be a member of the NAACP and hgC8ovnkC7I-00272-00083986-00084240 worked in Mississippi, well, you know, hgC8ovnkC7I-00273-00084240-00084460 the boss might decide you don't have your job any hgC8ovnkC7I-00274-00084460-00084810 longer, for some other trumped up reason. And it hgC8ovnkC7I-00275-00084810-00085170 might actually get you killed. Violence takes on hgC8ovnkC7I-00276-00085170-00085370 gothic proportions in Mississippi more than any hgC8ovnkC7I-00277-00085370-00085790 other place. In '55, several black leaders urging hgC8ovnkC7I-00278-00085790-00086030 blacks to vote were murdered, hgC8ovnkC7I-00279-00086030-00086270 one on the local courthouse lawn. hgC8ovnkC7I-00280-00086270-00086530 The president of a local NAACP chapter was shot down hgC8ovnkC7I-00281-00086530-00086740 when he ignored the order to remove his name from the hgC8ovnkC7I-00282-00086740-00087066 voting register.And then of course there was Emmett hgC8ovnkC7I-00283-00087066-00087616 Till, fourteen-year-old, fourteen-year-old boy, hgC8ovnkC7I-00284-00087616-00087770 sent from Chicago to stay with his family in hgC8ovnkC7I-00285-00087770-00088140 Mississippi. There are many different versions of what hgC8ovnkC7I-00286-00088140-00088650 happens. The allegation is that he whistled one day, hgC8ovnkC7I-00287-00088650-00088750 hanging out with his cousins, hgC8ovnkC7I-00288-00088750-00089080 that he whistled at the--a white storekeeper's wife hgC8ovnkC7I-00289-00089080-00089490 when she walked past. Others have countered saying hgC8ovnkC7I-00290-00089490-00089690 he had a, he had a stutter, and, hgC8ovnkC7I-00291-00089690-00090210 you know, he would often lisp as a result. What hgC8ovnkC7I-00292-00090210-00090370 actually happened at that moment is really hgC8ovnkC7I-00293-00090370-00090706 inconsequential. What happens later is of great hgC8ovnkC7I-00294-00090706-00091110 consequence. That night he's abducted. He's hgC8ovnkC7I-00295-00091110-00091580 beaten. One of his eyes is gouged out. He's wrapped in hgC8ovnkC7I-00296-00091580-00091940 barbed wire and tied to farm equipment before being hgC8ovnkC7I-00297-00091940-00092506 thrown over a bridge. When they find him, hgC8ovnkC7I-00298-00092506-00092780 his body is sent surreptitiously up to hgC8ovnkC7I-00299-00092780-00093230 Chicago. His mother insists on having an open casket at hgC8ovnkC7I-00300-00093230-00093580 the Chicago funeral and the images shock the country. hgC8ovnkC7I-00301-00093580-00094180 There's a clip here, that opens up with Mose Wright, hgC8ovnkC7I-00302-00094510-00094890 who was Emmett Till's uncle, who makes a very famous hgC8ovnkC7I-00303-00094890-00095320 declaration going into court. And he points out hgC8ovnkC7I-00304-00095320-00095706 the people who came to get Emmett Till from him, hgC8ovnkC7I-00305-00095706-00095930 which meant he could no longer live in Mississippi. hgC8ovnkC7I-00306-00095930-00096180 He vacated right away in order that he might live to hgC8ovnkC7I-00307-00096180-00096286 see another day. hgC8ovnkC7I-00308-00096286-00097016 When the sheriff came and told me they had found a hgC8ovnkC7I-00309-00097016-00097440 body at [the Tallahatchie River near Glendora, hgC8ovnkC7I-00310-00097440-00097816 Mississippi], and wanted me to go and identify the body, hgC8ovnkC7I-00311-00097816-00097976 which I did. hgC8ovnkC7I-00312-00097976-00098576 And we found the body, which it didn't have on any hgC8ovnkC7I-00313-00100110-00100336 clothes at all. hgC8ovnkC7I-00314-00100336-00101000 The body was so badly damaged that we couldn't hgC8ovnkC7I-00315-00101000-00101600 hardly just tell who he was, but he happened to have on a hgC8ovnkC7I-00316-00101956-00102620 ring with his initials, and that cleared it up. hgC8ovnkC7I-00317-00102620-00103356 The body was shipped home, back north to Chicago where hgC8ovnkC7I-00318-00103356-00104020 Mamie Till Bradley insisted on an open casket funeral, hgC8ovnkC7I-00319-00104020-00104609 "So all the world can see," she said, hgC8ovnkC7I-00320-00104609-00105050 "what they did to my boy." hgC8ovnkC7I-00321-00105050-00105420 Jet magazine showed Till's corpse, hgC8ovnkC7I-00322-00105420-00105859 beaten, mutilated, shot through the head. hgC8ovnkC7I-00323-00105859-00106600 A generation of black people would remember the horror of hgC8ovnkC7I-00324-00106600-00106750 that photo. hgC8ovnkC7I-00325-00106750-00107409 I believe that the whole United States is mourning hgC8ovnkC7I-00326-00107409-00108009 with me, and that the death of my son can mean something hgC8ovnkC7I-00327-00108296-00108959 to the other unfortunate people all over the world. hgC8ovnkC7I-00328-00108959-00109559 Then for him to have died a hero would mean more to me hgC8ovnkC7I-00329-00109920-00110430 than for him just to have died. hgC8ovnkC7I-00330-00110430-00110796 When you heard the narrator, Julian Bond, hgC8ovnkC7I-00331-00110796-00111250 talking about a generation would never forget this hgC8ovnkC7I-00332-00111250-00111530 murder and the image that appeared in Jetmagazine, hgC8ovnkC7I-00333-00111530-00111880 he wasn't exaggerating. One of my former colleagues, hgC8ovnkC7I-00334-00111880-00112390 her father's family from, was from Louisiana, hgC8ovnkC7I-00335-00112390-00112680 from a rural part of Louisiana, hgC8ovnkC7I-00336-00112680-00113070 and I was--he was visiting. We were having lunch hgC8ovnkC7I-00337-00113070-00113280 together, dinner together, and Emmett Till came up. I hgC8ovnkC7I-00338-00113280-00113720 can't remember why. But he said he was fourteen or hgC8ovnkC7I-00339-00113720-00114146 fifteen years old when Emmett Till was murdered, hgC8ovnkC7I-00340-00114146-00114440 and he knew then that he had to leave the South as soon hgC8ovnkC7I-00341-00114440-00114770 as he could, and in fact, he never went back. And he hgC8ovnkC7I-00342-00114770-00114990 said he has never forgotten, and he knew there was no hgC8ovnkC7I-00343-00114990-00115300 hope for, as he put it, "a black man in the Deep hgC8ovnkC7I-00344-00115300-00116020 South." Now there was a court case. hgC8ovnkC7I-00345-00116020-00116490 It was an all white, all male jury. The jury hgC8ovnkC7I-00346-00116490-00116800 deliberates for sixty-seven minutes. One juror said hgC8ovnkC7I-00347-00116800-00116970 later, it wouldn't have taken so long if they hadn't hgC8ovnkC7I-00348-00116970-00117309 stopped to get a soda. And the jury defines--finds the hgC8ovnkC7I-00349-00117309-00117559 defendants not guilty, although everybody knew who hgC8ovnkC7I-00350-00117559-00118126 did it. January '56, one month after Parks' arrest in hgC8ovnkC7I-00351-00118126-00118459 Montgomery, Look magazine publishes an interview of hgC8ovnkC7I-00352-00118459-00118709 the Till defendants in which they state for the record hgC8ovnkC7I-00353-00118709-00119090 that they had in fact killed him. Now this is the most hgC8ovnkC7I-00354-00119090-00119500 spectacular and perhaps egregious case of violence hgC8ovnkC7I-00355-00119500-00119809 gone unpunished, but there were other episodes, hgC8ovnkC7I-00356-00119809-00120016 and some of them happened as a direct result of Brown. I hgC8ovnkC7I-00357-00120016-00120206 already again related to you, hgC8ovnkC7I-00358-00120206-00120406 the attempted rape of Melba Beals, hgC8ovnkC7I-00359-00120590-00120870 but violence is endemic. hgC8ovnkC7I-00360-00120870-00121020 In fact, this is one of the great stories of the hgC8ovnkC7I-00361-00121020-00121130 nonviolent civil rights movement, hgC8ovnkC7I-00362-00121130-00121420 is that it was horribly violent and it's rather hgC8ovnkC7I-00363-00121420-00121640 shocking that it did not become more violent at any hgC8ovnkC7I-00364-00121640-00121880 given moment. hgC8ovnkC7I-00365-00121880-00122180 Now thinking of violence and respectability and hgC8ovnkC7I-00366-00122180-00122409 narratives of the civil rights movement leads us to hgC8ovnkC7I-00367-00122409-00122509 the Little Rock Nine. hgC8ovnkC7I-00368-00122509-00122836 And I have to gloss over the history very quickly for the hgC8ovnkC7I-00369-00122836-00123470 sake of time. Melba Beals goes on--the person who was hgC8ovnkC7I-00370-00123470-00123709 twelve years old when someone loses his mind and hgC8ovnkC7I-00371-00123709-00123986 tries to attack her--goes on to come--become one of nine hgC8ovnkC7I-00372-00123986-00124409 teenagers who are eventually selected by NAACP activists hgC8ovnkC7I-00373-00124409-00124780 to integrate Little Rock Central High School. They hgC8ovnkC7I-00374-00124780-00125000 are focusing on Arkansas because it seemed to be one hgC8ovnkC7I-00375-00125000-00125190 of the most progressive states in the South on these hgC8ovnkC7I-00376-00125190-00125480 issues. Other parts--other school systems in Arkansas hgC8ovnkC7I-00377-00125480-00125680 had actually already integrated, hgC8ovnkC7I-00378-00125680-00126100 but Central was the most important, hgC8ovnkC7I-00379-00126100-00126676 most visible high school in the state. The nine who hgC8ovnkC7I-00380-00126676-00127120 were selected were amazing students, hgC8ovnkC7I-00381-00127120-00127466 academically gifted, coming from the right families who hgC8ovnkC7I-00382-00127466-00127809 comported themselves in the right way. Otherwise they hgC8ovnkC7I-00383-00127809-00128190 would never have been selected. Without going hgC8ovnkC7I-00384-00128190-00128430 over too much of the famous integration of Central High, hgC8ovnkC7I-00385-00128430-00128606 I'll point out a few things that are, hgC8ovnkC7I-00386-00128606-00128940 that one needs to remember. The students are selected to hgC8ovnkC7I-00387-00128940-00129350 integrate in '57. There's fierce local resistance. hgC8ovnkC7I-00388-00129350-00129576 The governor, Orval Faubus, calls in the Arkansas hgC8ovnkC7I-00389-00129576-00129746 National Guard to prevent integration. hgC8ovnkC7I-00390-00129746-00130106 President Eisenhower, very unhappy about the whole hgC8ovnkC7I-00391-00130106-00130600 scene, sends in the 101st Airborne to force the issue, hgC8ovnkC7I-00392-00130600-00130786 and he does it not because he believed in integration, hgC8ovnkC7I-00393-00130786-00130936 but because he believed in the federal government's hgC8ovnkC7I-00394-00130936-00131176 right to assert itself. This is a states' rights hgC8ovnkC7I-00395-00131176-00131646 versus federal rights issue for Eisenhower. The troops hgC8ovnkC7I-00396-00131646-00131990 ushered in the students after they had already tried hgC8ovnkC7I-00397-00131990-00132100 to integrate the school before, hgC8ovnkC7I-00398-00132100-00132450 but were harassed by mobs outside of the building. hgC8ovnkC7I-00399-00132770-00132976 The students--the, the troops could go with the hgC8ovnkC7I-00400-00132976-00133310 students up to the, the door of the classroom, hgC8ovnkC7I-00401-00133310-00133450 but in the classroom, or in the bathroom, hgC8ovnkC7I-00402-00133450-00133806 or in the cafeteria, all hell broke loose. One hgC8ovnkC7I-00403-00133806-00134120 student had lye thrown in her face, hgC8ovnkC7I-00404-00134120-00134396 almost permanently blinded. Students would talk like hgC8ovnkC7I-00405-00134396-00134670 being in the bathroom, and then going to the bathroom, hgC8ovnkC7I-00406-00134670-00134950 and then paper towels lit on fire being thrown overhead hgC8ovnkC7I-00407-00134950-00135210 when they were helpless. They were attacked, hgC8ovnkC7I-00408-00135210-00135390 books were thrown down, food poured on them, hgC8ovnkC7I-00409-00135390-00135640 but they could not respond. The one student who did hgC8ovnkC7I-00410-00135640-00136240 respond got kicked out, at which point they said, hgC8ovnkC7I-00411-00136240-00136640 "One nigger down; eight more to go, hgC8ovnkC7I-00412-00136640-00136850 trying to get these students out of the school. hgC8ovnkC7I-00413-00137400-00137856 Houses were bombed, people were shot--shot at, hgC8ovnkC7I-00414-00137856-00138420 folks lost their jobs. Now think about all this. What hgC8ovnkC7I-00415-00138420-00138610 is it that's being asked of these children? hgC8ovnkC7I-00416-00138610-00139240 And they are children. Going back to Melba Beals, hgC8ovnkC7I-00417-00139240-00139410 there's a few items from her diary entry, hgC8ovnkC7I-00418-00139410-00139880 New Year's Day in 1958, that allow us to ask some pretty hgC8ovnkC7I-00419-00139880-00140306 important questions. Four different items, hgC8ovnkC7I-00420-00140306-00140480 selected from a longer list is, hgC8ovnkC7I-00421-00140480-00140696 one, "to behave in a way that pleases Mother and hgC8ovnkC7I-00422-00140696-00140900 Grandma," two people who were very central in her hgC8ovnkC7I-00423-00140900-00141306 life. "To keep faith and understand more of how hgC8ovnkC7I-00424-00141306-00141570 Gandhi behaved when his life was really hard." hgC8ovnkC7I-00425-00141816-00141996 "To pray daily for the strength not to fight hgC8ovnkC7I-00426-00141996-00142470 back." And the entry that, the resolution that she, hgC8ovnkC7I-00427-00142470-00142890 that she put as number one, was to "do my best to stay hgC8ovnkC7I-00428-00142890-00143436 alive until May 29th," the end of the school year. hgC8ovnkC7I-00429-00143436-00143856 I mean, think about it: NAACP activists, hgC8ovnkC7I-00430-00143856-00144380 grown women and men, are making sure the children hgC8ovnkC7I-00431-00144380-00144830 stay--are to stay in school, despite the violence being hgC8ovnkC7I-00432-00144830-00145220 vet--being visited upon them. And it's very fair to hgC8ovnkC7I-00433-00145220-00145650 ask, is it appropriate for sixteen-year-olds to feel hgC8ovnkC7I-00434-00145650-00145830 the need to write in their diaries that the most hgC8ovnkC7I-00435-00145830-00146016 important New Year's resolution is to "do my best hgC8ovnkC7I-00436-00146016-00146660 to stay alive" until the end of the school year? What hgC8ovnkC7I-00437-00146660-00146920 are the adults asking the children to do for the sake hgC8ovnkC7I-00438-00146920-00147346 of the movement? It's a case--it's a question that hgC8ovnkC7I-00439-00147346-00147786 would come up quite angrily in 1963 in the Birmingham hgC8ovnkC7I-00440-00147786-00148220 crisis. Now one final note about the school year and hgC8ovnkC7I-00441-00148220-00148586 Little Rock. What we don't often hear about, hgC8ovnkC7I-00442-00148586-00148810 what we basically never hear about Central High School hgC8ovnkC7I-00443-00148810-00149136 history, is that the govern--I mean, hgC8ovnkC7I-00444-00149136-00149236 because it's a triumphant moment, hgC8ovnkC7I-00445-00149236-00149586 right? So the governor was so upset about the public hgC8ovnkC7I-00446-00149586-00149756 relations disaster that accompanied the school's hgC8ovnkC7I-00447-00149756-00150080 integration, that he decided to shut down Little Rock hgC8ovnkC7I-00448-00150080-00150350 public schools the following year. hgC8ovnkC7I-00449-00150350-00150656 The integration of the school, hgC8ovnkC7I-00450-00150656-00151040 this great moment of civil rights victory of American hgC8ovnkC7I-00451-00151040-00151306 exceptionalism, lasted one year, hgC8ovnkC7I-00452-00151306-00151880 and the public schools were shut down. Why don't we hgC8ovnkC7I-00453-00151880-00152276 know this part of the history? You know, hgC8ovnkC7I-00454-00152276-00152590 there's something really maybe too tantalizing about hgC8ovnkC7I-00455-00152590-00152900 these nice narratives of our past. We can be ashamed of hgC8ovnkC7I-00456-00152900-00153110 the shortcomings of our predecessors, hgC8ovnkC7I-00457-00153110-00153410 but by keeping the story clean and simple, hgC8ovnkC7I-00458-00153410-00153610 we can also be proud that our predecessors ultimately hgC8ovnkC7I-00459-00153610-00153960 made the right decision and did the right things. hgC8ovnkC7I-00460-00153960-00154430 In short, the civil rights movement has been sanitized, hgC8ovnkC7I-00461-00154430-00154700 because it ultimately casts a great light on the hgC8ovnkC7I-00462-00154700-00155010 American character; that, you know, hgC8ovnkC7I-00463-00155010-00155256 the American character can take its lumps, hgC8ovnkC7I-00464-00155256-00155676 learn from its mistakes and then do great things. The hgC8ovnkC7I-00465-00155676-00155890 civil rights movement has been cast as a great moment hgC8ovnkC7I-00466-00155890-00156196 of American exceptionalism when we all summoned the hgC8ovnkC7I-00467-00156196-00156320 courage to do the right things, hgC8ovnkC7I-00468-00156320-00156500 regardless of our political positions, hgC8ovnkC7I-00469-00156500-00156830 where we are in the country, et cetera. Well, hgC8ovnkC7I-00470-00156830-00157146 that's just one big fat lie. Only a minority of hgC8ovnkC7I-00471-00157146-00157590 folks rose to the challenge, and accepted it, hgC8ovnkC7I-00472-00157590-00158000 and pursued it. Martin Luther--Martin Luther King's hgC8ovnkC7I-00473-00158000-00158270 history is a case in point as far as rising to a hgC8ovnkC7I-00474-00158270-00158726 challenge, and as far as what happens when a history hgC8ovnkC7I-00475-00158726-00159426 is sanitized profoundly. King is raised in a hgC8ovnkC7I-00476-00159426-00159846 tradition of ministers. His father and grandfather run hgC8ovnkC7I-00477-00159846-00160556 the most elite black church in Atlanta. King has a hgC8ovnkC7I-00478-00160556-00161020 rather raucous adolescence and college years. hgC8ovnkC7I-00479-00161020-00161510 He and his buddy go around trying to run competitions hgC8ovnkC7I-00480-00161510-00161746 about, you know, who could "deflower the most girls" in hgC8ovnkC7I-00481-00161746-00162110 the language of the day. He does receive a hgC8ovnkC7I-00482-00162110-00162220 religious--religious calling, hgC8ovnkC7I-00483-00162220-00162530 however, goes off to seminary and then gets a Ph. hgC8ovnkC7I-00484-00162530-00162630 D. hgC8ovnkC7I-00485-00162630-00162746 at Boston University, a Ph. hgC8ovnkC7I-00486-00162746-00162846 D. hgC8ovnkC7I-00487-00162846-00162970 which scholars discovered, much to their great hgC8ovnkC7I-00488-00162970-00163200 disappointment, about two decades ago, hgC8ovnkC7I-00489-00163200-00163740 that he had plagiarized parts of it. King, hgC8ovnkC7I-00490-00163740-00164146 though, these things aren't widely known at this moment hgC8ovnkC7I-00491-00164146-00164620 in time, '55, is seen as a real future star, hgC8ovnkC7I-00492-00164846-00165080 and he gets a job in Montgomery, hgC8ovnkC7I-00493-00165080-00165600 heading the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, hgC8ovnkC7I-00494-00165600-00165790 which is, much in the tradition of his father and hgC8ovnkC7I-00495-00165790-00166146 grandfather, the most elite, sort of upstanding and hgC8ovnkC7I-00496-00166146-00166556 politically conservative, quiescent church, hgC8ovnkC7I-00497-00166556-00166930 in that particular city. He's relatively newly hgC8ovnkC7I-00498-00166930-00167550 married. He and his wife Coretta have a newborn. He hgC8ovnkC7I-00499-00167550-00167846 wants to settle into a nice, quiet pulpit and do nice, hgC8ovnkC7I-00500-00167846-00168286 quiet work. Well, there's already things shifting hgC8ovnkC7I-00501-00168286-00168450 around on the ground, with the Women's Political hgC8ovnkC7I-00502-00168450-00168650 Council agitating for an economic boycott, hgC8ovnkC7I-00503-00168650-00169020 trying to find a test case to boycott the buses. And hgC8ovnkC7I-00504-00169020-00169220 the group of black ministers in town are very important hgC8ovnkC7I-00505-00169220-00169490 people, and a group called the Interdenominational hgC8ovnkC7I-00506-00169490-00169846 Ministerial Alliance. A ton of syllables there. The hgC8ovnkC7I-00507-00169846-00170040 Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance is hgC8ovnkC7I-00508-00170040-00170220 feeling pressure from Women's Political Council to hgC8ovnkC7I-00509-00170220-00170616 do something. King as a minister is automatically in hgC8ovnkC7I-00510-00170616-00171090 that group. And then as things start heating up hgC8ovnkC7I-00511-00171090-00171340 towards what will become Rosa Parks's moment, hgC8ovnkC7I-00512-00171730-00172050 King is thrust into the limelight in a way he never hgC8ovnkC7I-00513-00172050-00172570 wanted. Parks gets arrested. King is sent as hgC8ovnkC7I-00514-00172570-00172910 an emissary or sacrificial lamb--really more of the hgC8ovnkC7I-00515-00172910-00173180 latter. The Montgomery Improvement Association is hgC8ovnkC7I-00516-00173180-00173380 formed. This is going to be the group that's going to hgC8ovnkC7I-00517-00173380-00173890 organize the boycotts. King does not want to lead it. hgC8ovnkC7I-00518-00173890-00174120 The other ministers, who are deeply skeptical this thing hgC8ovnkC7I-00519-00174120-00174456 will actually work, figure, "King just got here. He's hgC8ovnkC7I-00520-00174456-00174740 young; he'll rebound when this thing blows apart. hgC8ovnkC7I-00521-00174740-00175010 We'll put him out front." King couldn't say no. He hgC8ovnkC7I-00522-00175010-00175230 fought, fought, fought, but he couldn't say no. He'd hgC8ovnkC7I-00523-00175230-00175726 already resisted the invitation to head the local hgC8ovnkC7I-00524-00175726-00175926 NAACP for the sake of his children's, hgC8ovnkC7I-00525-00175926-00176420 his child's safety. Anyway, on December 5th, hgC8ovnkC7I-00526-00176420-00176790 the night before the boycott's set to begin, hgC8ovnkC7I-00527-00176790-00177090 King is still resisting the urging of the ministers, hgC8ovnkC7I-00528-00177090-00177280 and finally relents, and writes out some notes on a hgC8ovnkC7I-00529-00177280-00177880 piece of paper. Goes to the pulpit with about ten, hgC8ovnkC7I-00530-00178126-00178370 fifteen minutes to prepare and says, hgC8ovnkC7I-00531-00178370-00178596 in part, the following. Now the audio is, hgC8ovnkC7I-00532-00178596-00178800 is not great, and I'll tell you what he says, hgC8ovnkC7I-00533-00178800-00179070 but I want you to hear the energy of the moment during hgC8ovnkC7I-00534-00179070-00179586 the closing moments of his, of his speech.And we are not hgC8ovnkC7I-00535-00179586-00180320 wrong; we are not wrong in what we are doing. hgC8ovnkC7I-00536-00180320-00180920 If we are wrong, the Supreme Court of this nation is hgC8ovnkC7I-00537-00181126-00181226 wrong. hgC8ovnkC7I-00538-00181226-00181860 If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United hgC8ovnkC7I-00539-00181860-00182080 States is wrong. hgC8ovnkC7I-00540-00182080-00182670 If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong. hgC8ovnkC7I-00541-00182670-00183400 If we are wrong, Jesus of Nazareth was merely a hgC8ovnkC7I-00542-00183400-00183990 utopian dreamer that never came down to Earth. hgC8ovnkC7I-00543-00183990-00184580 If we are wrong, justice is a lie, hgC8ovnkC7I-00544-00184580-00184870 love has no meaning. hgC8ovnkC7I-00545-00184870-00185606 And we are determined here in Montgomery to work and hgC8ovnkC7I-00546-00185606-00186120 fight until justice runs down like water, hgC8ovnkC7I-00547-00186120-00186560 and righteousness like a mighty stream. hgC8ovnkC7I-00548-00186560-00186706 Oops! hgC8ovnkC7I-00549-00186706-00186850 "If we are wrong," he says-- "And, hgC8ovnkC7I-00550-00186850-00187020 and we are not wrong in what we are doing. We are not hgC8ovnkC7I-00551-00187020-00187330 wrong. If we are wrong, the Supreme Court of this nation hgC8ovnkC7I-00552-00187330-00187506 is wrong. hgC8ovnkC7I-00553-00187506-00187770 If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United hgC8ovnkC7I-00554-00187770-00188020 States is wrong. hgC8ovnkC7I-00555-00188020-00188420 If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong. hgC8ovnkC7I-00556-00188420-00188630 If we are wrong, Jesus of Nazareth is, hgC8ovnkC7I-00557-00188630-00188940 was mer--merely a utopian dreamer that never came down hgC8ovnkC7I-00558-00188940-00189130 to Earth. hgC8ovnkC7I-00559-00189130-00189390 If we are wrong, justice is a lie, hgC8ovnkC7I-00560-00189390-00189616 love has no meaning. hgC8ovnkC7I-00561-00189616-00189970 And we are determined here in Montgomery to work and hgC8ovnkC7I-00562-00189970-00190226 fight until justice runs down like water, hgC8ovnkC7I-00563-00190226-00190380 and righteousness like a mighty stream." hgC8ovnkC7I-00564-00190380-00191016 You can tell, the audience is going crazy, hgC8ovnkC7I-00565-00191016-00191246 energized by this young man who's come out of nowhere. hgC8ovnkC7I-00566-00191456-00191740 But think about what he's saying here. He invokes God hgC8ovnkC7I-00567-00191740-00192060 and Jesus. It's what, what one would expect of course, hgC8ovnkC7I-00568-00192060-00192246 but he invokes in the first part of this quote the hgC8ovnkC7I-00569-00192246-00192790 Supreme Court and the Constitution. He's evoking hgC8ovnkC7I-00570-00192790-00193466 law. King is not invoking anything radical, hgC8ovnkC7I-00571-00193466-00193750 as a matter of fact. He's invoking the Supreme Court hgC8ovnkC7I-00572-00193750-00194240 and the Constitution. He's invoking those very things hgC8ovnkC7I-00573-00194240-00194510 that made citizens citizens in the United States after hgC8ovnkC7I-00574-00194510-00194730 all, and perhaps that is the thing that made him so hgC8ovnkC7I-00575-00194730-00195240 radical. Anyway, the movement takes off and the hgC8ovnkC7I-00576-00195240-00195370 boycott holds together. It's a, hgC8ovnkC7I-00577-00195370-00195636 it's a remarkable history, although it wasn't the first hgC8ovnkC7I-00578-00195636-00195820 boycott, bus boycott. hgC8ovnkC7I-00579-00195820-00196110 The movement holds together for thirteen months before hgC8ovnkC7I-00580-00196110-00196320 the Supreme Court forces the integration of the, hgC8ovnkC7I-00581-00196320-00196510 of the buses. These are the same thirteen months when hgC8ovnkC7I-00582-00196510-00196960 massive resistance is rising up throughout the South, hgC8ovnkC7I-00583-00196960-00197160 the same thirteen months when Emmett Till is hgC8ovnkC7I-00584-00197160-00197400 murdered, and the same thirteen months when the hgC8ovnkC7I-00585-00197400-00197690 strategy for Little Rock becomes articulated and hgC8ovnkC7I-00586-00197690-00198296 starts to gain traction. A period of astonishing hgC8ovnkC7I-00587-00198296-00198540 change.Now King rises to prominence. hgC8ovnkC7I-00588-00198540-00198706 He's traveling all around the country constantly hgC8ovnkC7I-00589-00198706-00199060 raising money during the bus boycott. They need hgC8ovnkC7I-00590-00199060-00199366 resources and money to pay for gasoline and cars that hgC8ovnkC7I-00591-00199366-00199620 are all shipped down to Montgomery to make this hgC8ovnkC7I-00592-00199620-00199966 thing work. But he's not doing it by himself. He's hgC8ovnkC7I-00593-00199966-00200356 aided by two people who are rather important. One is hgC8ovnkC7I-00594-00200356-00200926 Bayard Rustin, who I've already mentioned before. hgC8ovnkC7I-00595-00200926-00201080 Earlier part in his life, member of the Young hgC8ovnkC7I-00596-00201080-00201400 Communist League, a draft resistor, hgC8ovnkC7I-00597-00201400-00201640 someone who was arrested on morals charges for being hgC8ovnkC7I-00598-00201640-00202066 caught in the back seat of a car with another man. hgC8ovnkC7I-00599-00202066-00202540 He's gay. Often recognized as one of the great hgC8ovnkC7I-00600-00202540-00202950 organizing minds of the freedom struggles and labor hgC8ovnkC7I-00601-00202950-00203190 struggles of the twentieth century, hgC8ovnkC7I-00602-00203190-00203320 but because of the politics of the day, hgC8ovnkC7I-00603-00203320-00203560 hampered by his sexuality and, hgC8ovnkC7I-00604-00203560-00204006 and by his Communist past. But Bayard Rustin is in hgC8ovnkC7I-00605-00204006-00204150 King's corner, you know, telling him, hgC8ovnkC7I-00606-00204150-00204250 "Do this, do that. You know, hgC8ovnkC7I-00607-00204250-00204606 follow this particular path." King is also aided hgC8ovnkC7I-00608-00204606-00204850 by Ella Baker. And by the way, hgC8ovnkC7I-00609-00204850-00205026 Rustin and Baker are finally getting the attention that hgC8ovnkC7I-00610-00205026-00205300 they deserve from, from amazing histories that have hgC8ovnkC7I-00611-00205300-00205660 been written about five or six years ago. Ella Baker, hgC8ovnkC7I-00612-00205660-00205956 a long-time activist who worked for Unemployment hgC8ovnkC7I-00613-00205956-00206226 Councils in the Great Depression. hgC8ovnkC7I-00614-00206226-00206496 Certainly was affiliating with folks who were hgC8ovnkC7I-00615-00206496-00207136 Communist. Older woman who becomes hailed by a younger hgC8ovnkC7I-00616-00207136-00207346 generation of activists who are just about to become hgC8ovnkC7I-00617-00207346-00207790 known for being one of the most important leaders in hgC8ovnkC7I-00618-00207790-00208190 the movement. Baker starts to work with King and hgC8ovnkC7I-00619-00208190-00208790 advising him as well. I'll come back to them in a hgC8ovnkC7I-00620-00208790-00209106 moment. As the boycott nears success, hgC8ovnkC7I-00621-00209340-00209566 we see violence quite clearly. King's house is hgC8ovnkC7I-00622-00209566-00210110 bombed. Other people are being shot at. It's a hgC8ovnkC7I-00623-00210110-00210516 bloody mess. But Rustin sees in the success and the hgC8ovnkC7I-00624-00210516-00210930 violence as a catalytic, catalytic moment of hgC8ovnkC7I-00625-00210930-00211340 possibility, and that the question becomes not so hgC8ovnkC7I-00626-00211340-00211530 much, "How great was this moment?" hgC8ovnkC7I-00627-00211530-00211796 but, "What can we do to capitalize upon it? What hgC8ovnkC7I-00628-00211796-00212196 can we do to sustain this organizing energy? There hgC8ovnkC7I-00629-00212196-00212306 needs to be an organization." hgC8ovnkC7I-00630-00212306-00212706 And he calls on King to bring together other hgC8ovnkC7I-00631-00212706-00212860 leaders, and, and essentially religious hgC8ovnkC7I-00632-00212860-00213269 leaders, to gather together to think of the next steps. hgC8ovnkC7I-00633-00213269-00213436 And out of that comes the Southern Leadership hgC8ovnkC7I-00634-00213436-00213750 Conference, is what the plan is at least. The Southern hgC8ovnkC7I-00635-00213750-00214016 Leadership Conference, bringing together, hgC8ovnkC7I-00636-00214016-00214340 you know, the great leaders in the South, hgC8ovnkC7I-00637-00214340-00215100 African American, to become organized to have sustained hgC8ovnkC7I-00638-00215100-00215580 change. Well, King makes a decision that infuriates hgC8ovnkC7I-00639-00215580-00216040 Rustin, and they have a very tense relationship in hgC8ovnkC7I-00640-00216040-00216786 general, Rustin recognizing King's astonishing gifts as hgC8ovnkC7I-00641-00216786-00217096 a speaker and King recognizing Rustin's hgC8ovnkC7I-00642-00217096-00217269 astonishing gifts as an organizer and political hgC8ovnkC7I-00643-00217269-00217736 thinker. King never likes the fact that Rustin is gay hgC8ovnkC7I-00644-00217736-00218230 and talks condescendingly to Rustin about it. Rustin hgC8ovnkC7I-00645-00218230-00218410 always underestimates, in King's opinion, hgC8ovnkC7I-00646-00218410-00218726 the role of religion in this movement. So Rustin calls hgC8ovnkC7I-00647-00218726-00218906 it the Southern Leadership Conference, hgC8ovnkC7I-00648-00218906-00219080 and King changes its name under, hgC8ovnkC7I-00649-00219080-00219400 with sort of fiat, to the Southern Christian hgC8ovnkC7I-00650-00219400-00219650 Leadership Conference. hgC8ovnkC7I-00651-00219650-00219830 And the SCLC, the Southern Christian Leadership hgC8ovnkC7I-00652-00219830-00220150 Conference, becomes one of the most important civil hgC8ovnkC7I-00653-00220150-00220310 rights organizations for the next, hgC8ovnkC7I-00654-00220310-00220940 really for the next twenty, thirty years. King's hgC8ovnkC7I-00655-00220940-00221156 popularity skyrockets with the success of the bus hgC8ovnkC7I-00656-00221156-00221430 boycott. He's increasingly drawn away from the pulpit hgC8ovnkC7I-00657-00221430-00221669 as he travels about trying to raise consciousness and hgC8ovnkC7I-00658-00221669-00221990 funds. And by January of 1960, hgC8ovnkC7I-00659-00221990-00222306 having barely been in the pulpit at Dexter over the hgC8ovnkC7I-00660-00222306-00222619 previous few years, he leaves. He's not hgC8ovnkC7I-00661-00222619-00222880 ministering to that church. hgC8ovnkC7I-00662-00222880-00223280 The SCLC, what he now heads--[student sneezes and hgC8ovnkC7I-00663-00223280-00223580 he coughs] excuse me, bless you--the SCLC is now hgC8ovnkC7I-00664-00223580-00223946 focusing on leadership training and citizenship hgC8ovnkC7I-00665-00223946-00224546 education. Now as the SC--SCLC emerges out of hgC8ovnkC7I-00666-00224866-00225210 King's success, wrapped up in his charisma, hgC8ovnkC7I-00667-00225210-00225656 it creates stress in the, in "the system." You see hgC8ovnkC7I-00668-00225656-00226006 stress often embodied in intergroup squabbling, hgC8ovnkC7I-00669-00226006-00226340 something you'll see a lot throughout the 1960s. An hgC8ovnkC7I-00670-00226340-00226700 established organization like the NAACP is not too hgC8ovnkC7I-00671-00226700-00226880 thrilled about the SCLC arriving on the scene, hgC8ovnkC7I-00672-00226880-00227116 because they're competing for the same people and the hgC8ovnkC7I-00673-00227116-00227519 same dollars, scant dollars. In fact, hgC8ovnkC7I-00674-00227519-00227730 Medgar Evers, who's the head of the Mississippi NAACP, hgC8ovnkC7I-00675-00227730-00228346 who joins the SCLC, this new group, hgC8ovnkC7I-00676-00228346-00228730 was told he had to choose. You either pick with SCLC or hgC8ovnkC7I-00677-00228730-00229050 you pick the NAACP. He stays with the NAACP. hgC8ovnkC7I-00678-00229050-00229490 Now the NAACP is already under stress. I talked hgC8ovnkC7I-00679-00229490-00229716 about the fact that its rolls are being opened up by hgC8ovnkC7I-00680-00229716-00230030 Southern legislatures, but there's also stress hgC8ovnkC7I-00681-00230030-00230330 internally through people like Robert Williams, hgC8ovnkC7I-00682-00230330-00230540 military vet from North Carolina, hgC8ovnkC7I-00683-00230540-00230830 who becomes fed up with events in his town where hgC8ovnkC7I-00684-00230830-00231176 he's the head of the local NAACP chapter, hgC8ovnkC7I-00685-00231176-00231450 and calls for retaliatory violence. He's kicked out hgC8ovnkC7I-00686-00231450-00232160 of the NAACP by the end of the 1950s. So the NAACP is hgC8ovnkC7I-00687-00232160-00232519 struggling with rising, percolating spots of hgC8ovnkC7I-00688-00232519-00232766 militancy, people leaving the, hgC8ovnkC7I-00689-00232766-00233116 leaving, leaving the message behind at the NAACP. hgC8ovnkC7I-00690-00233116-00233340 And now this new group appears on the scene that hgC8ovnkC7I-00691-00233340-00233940 might pull away other supporters. The important hgC8ovnkC7I-00692-00234150-00234266 thing to know I guess from that, hgC8ovnkC7I-00693-00234266-00234619 I suppose, is that neither the SCLC nor the NAACP had hgC8ovnkC7I-00694-00234619-00234850 control over the movement. No single organization could hgC8ovnkC7I-00695-00234850-00235200 claim they were the group that was running the hgC8ovnkC7I-00696-00235200-00235376 movement. hgC8ovnkC7I-00697-00235376-00235736 And while King is the most electrifying speaker of this hgC8ovnkC7I-00698-00235736-00236436 great narrative, he hardly had any control over it. If hgC8ovnkC7I-00699-00236436-00236716 you look to the events of February 1st of 1960, hgC8ovnkC7I-00700-00236716-00237030 you can see the way in which there was a sort of wildcat hgC8ovnkC7I-00701-00237030-00237269 mentality about many things happening in the movement. hgC8ovnkC7I-00702-00237269-00237680 On that day, in Greensboro, North Carolina, hgC8ovnkC7I-00703-00237680-00238080 four men, students of North Carolina A&T, hgC8ovnkC7I-00704-00238080-00238360 black school, head to downtown Greensboro, hgC8ovnkC7I-00705-00238360-00238719 not far away. They decide that they're going to--sick hgC8ovnkC7I-00706-00238719-00238969 and tired of the treatment they're receiving at the hgC8ovnkC7I-00707-00238969-00239430 Woolworth's, the local five and dime, hgC8ovnkC7I-00708-00239430-00239880 let me think, drugstore, convenience store. It's hgC8ovnkC7I-00709-00239880-00240030 funny, when I began this course, hgC8ovnkC7I-00710-00240030-00240166 I mean when I began teaching years ago, hgC8ovnkC7I-00711-00240166-00240450 Woolworth's were still around. Ain't so much still hgC8ovnkC7I-00712-00240450-00241116 around anymore, but the, but the history still is. So hgC8ovnkC7I-00713-00241116-00241319 the men go to the lunch counter and insist on being hgC8ovnkC7I-00714-00241319-00241616 served. They could buy things other places in the hgC8ovnkC7I-00715-00241616-00241740 store, but they couldn't be served at the lunch hgC8ovnkC7I-00716-00241740-00241980 counter. The waitress says, " I can't, hgC8ovnkC7I-00717-00241980-00242256 you know, I can't help you out." hgC8ovnkC7I-00718-00242256-00242419 And they sit there, and they sit, hgC8ovnkC7I-00719-00242419-00242710 and they sit, and they sit, taking up four seats at the hgC8ovnkC7I-00720-00242710-00243186 lunch counter. It's a wildcat sit-in. hgC8ovnkC7I-00721-00243186-00243440 It's not the first by any stretch. The March on hgC8ovnkC7I-00722-00243440-00243610 Washington Movement had been organizing them for hgC8ovnkC7I-00723-00243610-00243850 decades. Labor movements have been organizing them hgC8ovnkC7I-00724-00243850-00244069 for decades. But this time it takes off. hgC8ovnkC7I-00725-00244069-00244266 You have just the right mix of electricity, hgC8ovnkC7I-00726-00244266-00244540 of anticipation, of possibility and frustration hgC8ovnkC7I-00727-00244540-00244640 certainly. hgC8ovnkC7I-00728-00244640-00244940 And you see across the country sit-ins by people hgC8ovnkC7I-00729-00244940-00245369 your age, all across the South. hgC8ovnkC7I-00730-00245369-00245686 Sixty cities become sites of sit-ins, hgC8ovnkC7I-00731-00245686-00246160 and all of these sit-ins, the young men and women are hgC8ovnkC7I-00732-00246160-00246596 well dressed and impeccably mannered. To do anything hgC8ovnkC7I-00733-00246596-00247169 else would invite potential death. Ella Baker, hgC8ovnkC7I-00734-00247169-00247846 the person who's essentially running the SCLC--King's the hgC8ovnkC7I-00735-00247846-00248080 head of it, but Ella Baker's running it, hgC8ovnkC7I-00736-00248080-00248610 ministering it--taps into this energy and organizes a hgC8ovnkC7I-00737-00248610-00248866 youth conference in Raleigh, North Carolina, hgC8ovnkC7I-00738-00248866-00249430 in April. She's expecting sort of a modest turnout. hgC8ovnkC7I-00739-00249430-00249930 Overwhelming turnout, and overwhelming energy. hgC8ovnkC7I-00740-00249930-00250190 "We, the college age students of the day, hgC8ovnkC7I-00741-00250190-00250516 need to do something. We are ready." And out of that hgC8ovnkC7I-00742-00250516-00250750 organization grows the Southern Nonviolent hgC8ovnkC7I-00743-00250750-00251069 Coordinating Committee, otherwise known as SNCC. hgC8ovnkC7I-00744-00251069-00251250 I said Southern, I'm sorry. Student Nonviolent hgC8ovnkC7I-00745-00251250-00251469 Coordinating Committee, otherwise known as SNCC. hgC8ovnkC7I-00746-00251880-00252319 SNCC would never become the biggest of the great civil hgC8ovnkC7I-00747-00252319-00252750 rights organizations, but more than any, hgC8ovnkC7I-00748-00252750-00253086 any other organization, it becomes the barometer of an hgC8ovnkC7I-00749-00253086-00253336 evolution, of the evolution of 1960s ideology. hgC8ovnkC7I-00750-00253336-00253790 And SNCC will be part of, of the narrative that I lay out hgC8ovnkC7I-00751-00253790-00254066 over the next two and a half weeks of the course, hgC8ovnkC7I-00752-00254066-00254366 because through them, you can actually see the hgC8ovnkC7I-00753-00254366-00254569 changes, and really quite radical changes, hgC8ovnkC7I-00754-00254569-00255060 in movement ideology during the 1960s. But at its hgC8ovnkC7I-00755-00255060-00255460 founding moment in April in 1960, hgC8ovnkC7I-00756-00255460-00256190 SNCC is a group of college-age individuals who hgC8ovnkC7I-00757-00256190-00256586 espoused nonviolent ideology, hgC8ovnkC7I-00758-00256586-00256786 who are absolutely interracial, hgC8ovnkC7I-00759-00256950-00257190 and who wanted to be organized through a hgC8ovnkC7I-00760-00257190-00257780 non-hierarchical system. They are, hgC8ovnkC7I-00761-00257780-00258300 from the beginning, seen as a temporary organization, hgC8ovnkC7I-00762-00258300-00258750 literally given a corner space in the offices of the hgC8ovnkC7I-00763-00258750-00259080 SCLC headquarters. So it was operating under SCLC's hgC8ovnkC7I-00764-00259080-00259456 umbrella, SCLC thinking, "This is a great way to get hgC8ovnkC7I-00765-00259456-00259940 more youth involved in our movement." You could even hgC8ovnkC7I-00766-00259940-00260086 look back to the founding moment and see there's hgC8ovnkC7I-00767-00260086-00260540 already some fissures in the relationship, hgC8ovnkC7I-00768-00260540-00260866 if only because SNCC, the Student Nonviolent hgC8ovnkC7I-00769-00260866-00261046 Coordinating Committee, is committed to a hgC8ovnkC7I-00770-00261046-00261410 non-hierarchical organ--organizing logic. hgC8ovnkC7I-00771-00261410-00261726 They, like Ella Baker, are a little bit nervous in the hgC8ovnkC7I-00772-00261726-00261969 fact that SCLC is embodied in King, hgC8ovnkC7I-00773-00262180-00262460 a magnificent man, but a far from perfect man, hgC8ovnkC7I-00774-00262460-00262770 but only one man, and they wanted an organization that hgC8ovnkC7I-00775-00262770-00263370 had many leaders. Now that's April 1960. Heading hgC8ovnkC7I-00776-00263640-00264180 into the fall, in October, King was arrested in Atlanta hgC8ovnkC7I-00777-00264400-00264550 for violating, violating probation, hgC8ovnkC7I-00778-00264550-00265010 on trumped-up charges, and he's sentenced to four--I hgC8ovnkC7I-00779-00265010-00265240 mean, I think it was a traffic violation. hgC8ovnkC7I-00780-00265240-00265760 He's sentenced to four months hard labor. John F. hgC8ovnkC7I-00781-00265760-00265976 Kennedy, who is campaigning for the presidency, hgC8ovnkC7I-00782-00266180-00266490 calls Coretta Scott King and says that he will protect hgC8ovnkC7I-00783-00266490-00266936 King. He actually had no way of protecting King, hgC8ovnkC7I-00784-00266936-00267070 but in orchestrated phone calls, hgC8ovnkC7I-00785-00267070-00267336 "I will do everything I can to protect your husband." hgC8ovnkC7I-00786-00267616-00267890 And with that, black support for Kennedy mushrooms. hgC8ovnkC7I-00787-00268240-00268910 Kennedy goes on to win by a hundred and twenty thousand hgC8ovnkC7I-00788-00268910-00269150 votes--still debates whether those votes actually existed hgC8ovnkC7I-00789-00269150-00269520 or not--but he won by a hundred and twenty thousand hgC8ovnkC7I-00790-00269520-00269770 votes, and it's clear that it's African American hgC8ovnkC7I-00791-00269770-00270006 support, support that swung the election his direction. hgC8ovnkC7I-00792-00270380-00270870 Blacks have in JFK the kind of leader at a symbolic and hgC8ovnkC7I-00793-00270870-00271260 cultural level they have not had since FDR started making hgC8ovnkC7I-00794-00271260-00271726 these gestures towards recognizing blacks' needs hgC8ovnkC7I-00795-00271726-00272130 some twenty-five, thirty years earlier. In 1961--I'm hgC8ovnkC7I-00796-00272130-00272730 skipping a ton of details. I'm trying to get up to a hgC8ovnkC7I-00797-00272966-00273380 moment of the most famous crisis--in 1961, hgC8ovnkC7I-00798-00273380-00273540 CORE, the Congress of Racial Equality, hgC8ovnkC7I-00799-00273540-00273690 as I mentioned in the last lecture, hgC8ovnkC7I-00800-00273690-00274080 organizes a, a new round of freedom rides, hgC8ovnkC7I-00801-00274080-00274460 getting on buses, integrated riders, hgC8ovnkC7I-00802-00274460-00274790 and crossing state lines. Members of SNCC are on the hgC8ovnkC7I-00803-00274790-00275586 bus as well. Students from Yale, hgC8ovnkC7I-00804-00275586-00275876 from other places in Connecticut, hgC8ovnkC7I-00805-00275876-00276280 jump on these buses and head on South. Once they cross hgC8ovnkC7I-00806-00276280-00276680 into the Deep South, the buses are attacked by smoke hgC8ovnkC7I-00807-00276680-00277060 bombs, tires are slashed. As people run out of the hgC8ovnkC7I-00808-00277060-00277410 buses to get away from the smoke, hgC8ovnkC7I-00809-00277410-00277710 they're met by mobs who beat them with their fists, hgC8ovnkC7I-00810-00277710-00278260 with metal poles. The buses are torched. Other buses hgC8ovnkC7I-00811-00278260-00278696 are sent down. Eventually, the buses arrive down in hgC8ovnkC7I-00812-00278696-00279270 Birmingham, Alabama, where Bull Connor, hgC8ovnkC7I-00813-00279270-00279450 the Commissioner of Public Safety, hgC8ovnkC7I-00814-00279450-00279800 knows they're coming, knows there's a mob waiting for hgC8ovnkC7I-00815-00279800-00280310 them at the bus station, and does not offer police hgC8ovnkC7I-00816-00280310-00280650 protection, and lets the students, hgC8ovnkC7I-00817-00280650-00280920 the riders, get beaten senseless for fifteen hgC8ovnkC7I-00818-00280920-00281156 minutes before letting the police come, hgC8ovnkC7I-00819-00281156-00281290 before releasing the police. hgC8ovnkC7I-00820-00281290-00281676 And people said, "Well, why did you do such a thing?" hgC8ovnkC7I-00821-00281676-00281880 He goes, "It was Mother's Day. hgC8ovnkC7I-00822-00281880-00282266 You can't take a man away from his mother. You know, hgC8ovnkC7I-00823-00282266-00282576 they needed to have time spent with their mother. hgC8ovnkC7I-00824-00282576-00282890 You know, they would get there in time." There's a hgC8ovnkC7I-00825-00282890-00283140 dawning at this moment, with this kind of violence and hgC8ovnkC7I-00826-00283140-00283600 recalcitrance, of a militancy within SNCC and hgC8ovnkC7I-00827-00283600-00283996 the beginnings of a move away from respectability. hgC8ovnkC7I-00828-00283996-00284386 You start seeing different agendas being articulated hgC8ovnkC7I-00829-00284386-00284690 within different organizations. The movement hgC8ovnkC7I-00830-00284690-00284980 is going in fits and starts. Federations form hgC8ovnkC7I-00831-00284980-00285310 and break apart. There's all kinds of infighting, hgC8ovnkC7I-00832-00285310-00285700 and things seemed on the verge of collapse in Albany, hgC8ovnkC7I-00833-00285700-00286200 Georgia, when they go to invoke another crisis. And hgC8ovnkC7I-00834-00286200-00286430 in Albany, Georgia, where you have a confederation of hgC8ovnkC7I-00835-00286430-00286590 different civil rights organizations coming hgC8ovnkC7I-00836-00286590-00286990 together, to try to change that town, hgC8ovnkC7I-00837-00286990-00287466 they're outsmarted by the white police. As the hgC8ovnkC7I-00838-00287466-00287650 students try to start filling up the jails to hgC8ovnkC7I-00839-00287650-00287820 create a crisis of overcrowding and, hgC8ovnkC7I-00840-00287820-00288060 and get national sympathy, with the jail, hgC8ovnkC7I-00841-00288060-00288236 no bail strategy "We'll let ourselves be in jail. We hgC8ovnkC7I-00842-00288236-00288470 won't accept bail. They'll have to force us out. We hgC8ovnkC7I-00843-00288470-00288860 won't have paid any bail. This will be great." The hgC8ovnkC7I-00844-00288860-00289076 police chief says, "We're going to keep our heads and hgC8ovnkC7I-00845-00289076-00289366 start shuttling people out of jails to other jails." hgC8ovnkC7I-00846-00289366-00289860 He doesn't react, essentially. Nothing hgC8ovnkC7I-00847-00289860-00290110 happens. Everything fizzles, hgC8ovnkC7I-00848-00290110-00290370 and there's a fear that this movement that began, hgC8ovnkC7I-00849-00290370-00290616 quote, "began," in quotes, with Brown v. hgC8ovnkC7I-00850-00290616-00290840 Board and has these violent reactions as you see it with hgC8ovnkC7I-00851-00290840-00291150 Rosa Parks, and you see it with Emmett Till, hgC8ovnkC7I-00852-00291150-00291426 and you see it in Central High School, hgC8ovnkC7I-00853-00291426-00291636 the beginning of a new sort of vibrant youth hgC8ovnkC7I-00854-00291636-00292010 organization, it feels like it's all going to collapse hgC8ovnkC7I-00855-00292010-00292400 in Albany, Georgia, because the white officers realized, hgC8ovnkC7I-00856-00292400-00292750 "If we don't react, this thing will go away." Well, hgC8ovnkC7I-00857-00292750-00293106 thank god for Bull Connor. I'll let the film tell you hgC8ovnkC7I-00858-00293106-00293266 much of that story, but suffice it to say that hgC8ovnkC7I-00859-00293266-00293510 Connor did more, through his brutality, hgC8ovnkC7I-00860-00293510-00293870 to help win converts to the civil rights movement, hgC8ovnkC7I-00861-00293870-00294210 more than anybody else could have practically done. hgC8ovnkC7I-00862-00294210-00294470 I'll pick up on that moment, on that fact, hgC8ovnkC7I-00863-00294470-00294670 at the next lecture. Thank you. hgI9YSf6z68-00000-00000000-00000200 Assalamu'alaikum Warrahmatullah Wabarakatuh hgI9YSf6z68-00001-00000332-00001932 Meet on my first podcast, Cangkrukan, hangout and huddle freely hgI9YSf6z68-00002-00002856-00003629 don't forget to visit the YouTube channel "Cangkrukan" hgI9YSf6z68-00003-00003672-00003946 this time the first podcast I will discuss hgI9YSf6z68-00004-00004008-00004208 associated with hgI9YSf6z68-00005-00004350-00004918 covid 19 pandemic or corona virus outbreak hgI9YSf6z68-00006-00004992-00005550 covid 19 or corona virus has become a scourge for the world hgI9YSf6z68-00007-00005576-00005948 Since last January first in Wuhan hgI9YSf6z68-00008-00006006-00006280 then spread throughout the world hgI9YSf6z68-00009-00006308-00006768 until now in Indonesia hgI9YSf6z68-00010-00007002-00008116 As of April 28, 2020, COVID 19 or Corona has infected more than 3 million people hgI9YSf6z68-00011-00008148-00008970 with the number of deaths reaching more than 200 thousand deaths in the world ... hgI9YSf6z68-00012-00009296-00009616 when talking about this corona virus hgI9YSf6z68-00013-00009698-00010612 about what kind of country or person will be attacked by this virus? hgI9YSf6z68-00014-00010978-00011794 If it's true that cleanliness can prevent corona ... hgI9YSf6z68-00015-00011880-00013622 maybe Italy won't witness 260 deaths a day due to corona and about 192,000 people infected, hgI9YSf6z68-00016-00013654-00015450 or a total of 27 thousand people died due to covid and of them 150 doctors also died. hgI9YSf6z68-00017-00015478-00016428 Why is that possible, even though Italy is one of the cleanest countries in Europe. hgI9YSf6z68-00018-00016522-00017102 well then if it's hot it can kill Corona hgI9YSf6z68-00019-00017160-00018768 maybe Iran will not see more than 91,000 people infected with corona and more than 5000 people die from corona. hgI9YSf6z68-00020-00018788-00018886 Why? hgI9YSf6z68-00021-00018938-00019464 even though we know that Iran is a hot desert country. hgI9YSf6z68-00022-00019508-00019620 then... hgI9YSf6z68-00023-00019680-00020356 If indeed caution can prevent corona hgI9YSf6z68-00024-00020408-00020540 maybe hgI9YSf6z68-00025-00020608-00021412 maybe prince Charles & several royal families will not be exposed to covid19 hgI9YSf6z68-00026-00021488-00022166 because if we look at his life the most careful & awake. hgI9YSf6z68-00027-00022266-00022346 and.. hgI9YSf6z68-00028-00022468-00023288 if indeed a person who is ignorant & frivolous lifestyle must be affected corona .. hgI9YSf6z68-00029-00023438-00024456 maybe street buskers, rude porters & traditional market traders have all fallen down hgI9YSf6z68-00030-00024526-00024726 why is that hgI9YSf6z68-00031-00024788-00025972 Maybe the answer is because life does not have to always be in line with theory, technology & human reason .. hgI9YSf6z68-00032-00026089-00026677 Many medical personnel have been exposed to the Covid-19 virus ... hgI9YSf6z68-00033-00026754-00027132 Do they not use APD correctly? hgI9YSf6z68-00034-00027202-00027688 Or are they not careful in carrying out their profession? hgI9YSf6z68-00035-00027762-00027962 Not necessarily the case too hgI9YSf6z68-00036-00028039-00028239 then hgI9YSf6z68-00037-00028322-00029404 is someone who seems to be so close to God guaranteed not to be affected by Corona? hgI9YSf6z68-00038-00029652-00031460 Not so ... because there have been religious leaders who have contracted the virus and even died. hgI9YSf6z68-00039-00031556-00032004 Well, faced with a situation like this ... hgI9YSf6z68-00040-00032060-00032260 Allah hgI9YSf6z68-00041-00032280-00032724 as if to speak to our Pride hgI9YSf6z68-00042-00032772-00033068 Yes, human pride hgI9YSf6z68-00043-00033238-00033826 that we are without God is just a pile of meat that breathes .. hgI9YSf6z68-00044-00034132-00034376 Therefore if God Wants .. hgI9YSf6z68-00045-00034438-00035104 .. Your logic & technology won't be able to fight it .. hgI9YSf6z68-00046-00035214-00035414 then who is sick? hgI9YSf6z68-00047-00035492-00035662 Is this earth? hgI9YSf6z68-00048-00035682-00035744 or.. hgI9YSf6z68-00049-00035856-00036240 us, humans? hgI9YSf6z68-00050-00036404-00036664 we see suddenly ... hgI9YSf6z68-00051-00036700-00036900 Disney is out of magic hgI9YSf6z68-00052-00036938-00037196 Paris loses his romance .. hgI9YSf6z68-00053-00037226-00037624 New York, the city of twinkle is finally quiet ... hgI9YSf6z68-00054-00037668-00038034 The Chinese Wall is no longer a sturdy fortress hgI9YSf6z68-00055-00038068-00038706 and Mecca jostle suddenly empty .. hgI9YSf6z68-00056-00038780-00039234 hugs and kisses suddenly become weapons hgI9YSf6z68-00057-00039266-00039918 not visiting parents and friends becomes an act of love hgI9YSf6z68-00058-00040016-00040156 suddenly hgI9YSf6z68-00059-00040210-00041948 Suddenly we realize that power, beauty & money are worthless when we can't get the ventilator you need. hgI9YSf6z68-00060-00042146-00042652 The earth continues its life & the sky is still blue .. hgI9YSf6z68-00061-00042776-00043616 Whereas we humans are currently in a cage hgI9YSf6z68-00062-00043726-00043926 I am thinking hgI9YSf6z68-00063-00043970-00044352 God sent a message for us hgI9YSf6z68-00064-00044394-00044726 O arrogant people hgI9YSf6z68-00065-00044788-00045022 you are not needed hgI9YSf6z68-00066-00045092-00045216 air hgI9YSf6z68-00067-00045258-00045342 soil hgI9YSf6z68-00068-00045374-00045458 water hgI9YSf6z68-00069-00045496-00045598 and sky hgI9YSf6z68-00070-00045646-00045968 without you being fine hgI9YSf6z68-00071-00046142-00046402 when you come out of the cage later hgI9YSf6z68-00072-00046424-00046574 keep in mind hgI9YSf6z68-00073-00046624-00047202 that you are my guests Not my master hgI9YSf6z68-00074-00047320-00047568 even if it's just a quote hgI9YSf6z68-00075-00047632-00048256 but I feel beautiful to show hgI9YSf6z68-00076-00048446-00048646 God is real hgI9YSf6z68-00077-00048716-00049762 and He is still working to bring good to those who love Him hgI9YSf6z68-00078-00049898-00050098 The final word hgI9YSf6z68-00079-00050190-00051014 from Covid 19, from our arrogant, from our hubris hgI9YSf6z68-00080-00051078-00051382 from our abundant savings hgI9YSf6z68-00081-00051450-00052082 May we always be protected by God hgI9YSf6z68-00082-00052124-00052898 and hopefully we can meditate, that we are nothing hhjlincO3Z0-00000-00000100-00001300 my words can be rude or offensive. but I do not wish evil to anyone. I'm just telling the truth! something like this! hkoOfT5GK3g-00000-00000274-00000381 The man who came up withthe hkoOfT5GK3g-00001-00000381-00000600 latex water balloon first created them hkoOfT5GK3g-00002-00000600-00000753 intending to fight a foot disease hkoOfT5GK3g-00003-00000753-00000910 called trench foot hkoOfT5GK3g-00004-00000910-00001102 it was supposed to be a foot-protecting hkoOfT5GK3g-00005-00001102-00001262 latex sort of thing hkAiroJ8lWk-00000-00000911-00001592 Android tactical assault kit. ATAK. Data. Management of data. hkAiroJ8lWk-00001-00001680-00002168 Designed by Air Force Research Laboratories with soft . And what we determined was that hkAiroJ8lWk-00002-00002168-00002512 there were so many devices on the battlefield that actually had information that we weren't hkAiroJ8lWk-00003-00002512-00003008 pulling . So rather than going and building a system to pull that in , we actually went to hkAiroJ8lWk-00004-00003008-00003432 a commercial and thinking building algorithm . And it is user defined and it pulls in whatever hkAiroJ8lWk-00005-00003432-00003888 data unique and places that on a Google map . So if you've got a radio and you're transmitting on hkAiroJ8lWk-00006-00003888-00004448 that radio , we know where you are . We have now have a common operational picture . This shows hkAiroJ8lWk-00007-00004448-00005168 how we used it recently in the hurricane . Relief on the top left , you see ground hkAiroJ8lWk-00008-00005168-00005752 air , multi domain , multi component . Real time . You wanna talk to him , go to the right . You hkAiroJ8lWk-00009-00005752-00006320 can actually have a chat . Elderly folks in an attic Put it in something out on Facebook hkAiroJ8lWk-00010-00006416-00007120 Search engine found it . Got it to break rescue crews . We rescued folks using attack . This is hkAiroJ8lWk-00011-00007120-00008476 really available today . Networks and data . Does it connect ? Good because its share even better . hllvqHIKvpk-00000-00000000-00000717 This is Mattwo's Storywriter and this is a Power Morphicon for Friday and sorry, I forgot my tripod hllvqHIKvpk-00001-00000717-00001245 sorry about the shakycam, I'm sitting down though hllvqHIKvpk-00002-00001245-00001677 Got to go to a couple of Panels and see Barbara Goodson and hllvqHIKvpk-00003-00001677-00002106 Derrick Steven Prince and talk to them about JoJo's Bizarre Adventure hllvqHIKvpk-00004-00002106-00002505 which just wrapped up, the part that they were in, Stardust hllvqHIKvpk-00005-00002505-00003378 Crusaders, Part 3. you know, with Enyaba (Enya) the Hag and Iggy, the dog but that's not his name hllvqHIKvpk-00006-00003378-00003962 In the show. Enya the Hag, that is her name like her actual name and title hllvqHIKvpk-00007-00003962-00004602 [unitelligable] You know, you get the idea. Just Iggy not "Iggy the Dog". He is the hllvqHIKvpk-00008-00004602-00005352 dog in the show. A dog who happens to be a stand user! If you don't know what that hllvqHIKvpk-00009-00005352-00006078 is a look up JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, it'll make even LESS sense in context, trust me but hllvqHIKvpk-00010-00006078-00006683 it will at least make some sense you know I suppose... hllvqHIKvpk-00011-00006714-00007548 So yea, I haven't seen Linkara yet but uh it was definitely a blast to attend hllvqHIKvpk-00012-00007548-00008152 couple panels talk to the voice actors I wanted to talk to. To be really honest, there aren't hllvqHIKvpk-00013-00008152-00008632 any actual actors I want to talk to I mean, I did talk to the guy who hllvqHIKvpk-00014-00008632-00009256 plays Flynn from RPM though because I wanted to tell him because I don't think I ever told him that hllvqHIKvpk-00015-00009256-00009736 how much I I liked Flynn, my favorite Ranger and hllvqHIKvpk-00016-00009736-00010270 I told him even that Billy was, used to be my favorite and he's all "Oh, I'm glad hllvqHIKvpk-00017-00010270-00010836 I got to take that away from Billy *laughs* I swear, people who do the acting on hllvqHIKvpk-00018-00010836-00011425 these shows just crack me up sometimes they're just real fun people hllvqHIKvpk-00019-00011425-00011904 and I gotta say that the people wh work on Lightspeed Rescue, some of them hllvqHIKvpk-00020-00011904-00012517 have these most adult sense of humor I've gotta say apparently that guy who hllvqHIKvpk-00021-00012517-00013463 played Carson [actually Carter Grayson], the Red Ranger he apparently faked nipple piercings by taping hllvqHIKvpk-00022-00013463-00014200 paper clips to his nipples. Why would you tell us that?! hllvqHIKvpk-00023-00014200-00014965 It's a weird story but uh yeah so that's basically it for now hllvqHIKvpk-00024-00014965-00015323 until next time, adieu! hllvqHIKvpk-00025-00016375-00016804 definitely fading this footage because this is going cause sizures hllvqHIKvpk-00026-00016804-00017454 for some viewers. hllvqHIKvpk-00027-00017454-00017812 Google Maps! [censored] you! hllvqHIKvpk-00028-00017840-00018288 This is not a bus stop how is this a bus stop?! hllvqHIKvpk-00029-00018336-00018985 Google Maps was right the whole time but I didn't even notice because this is hllvqHIKvpk-00030-00018985-00019653 not a bus stop! Minutes past midnight and finally on my hllvqHIKvpk-00031-00019653-00020334 way back home, I found the right stop but you know the thing is is that I have hllvqHIKvpk-00032-00020334-00020922 to go to the convention at NINE! I have to catch the bus at 9:00 a.m.! It takes hllvqHIKvpk-00033-00020922-00021470 three hours to get back home which means I'm not going to have nearly enough time hllvqHIKvpk-00034-00021470-00021959 to sleep which means that I might miss a couple panels that I probably would have hllvqHIKvpk-00035-00021959-00022745 gone to the go to so in other words Google Maps and orange county transit hllvqHIKvpk-00036-00022745-00023270 authority completely ruined my convention going experience ok maybe not hllvqHIKvpk-00037-00023270-00023925 completely but it did put a dent in things I'm just so frustrated right now hllvqHIKvpk-00038-00023925-00024579 here at day 2 of Power Morphicon and due to what happened last night hllvqHIKvpk-00039-00024579-00025119 I didn't get enough sleeping and I missed pretty much every panel I wanted to go to hllvqHIKvpk-00040-00025119-00025644 except one which happens to be at the same time as the cosplay contest hllvqHIKvpk-00041-00025644-00026341 way I won't be able to get pictures of that this year but I did see hllvqHIKvpk-00042-00026341-00026901 Database Ranger [who was busy as usual as con staff so we didn't talk much] And Mayo I didn't get to go to the YouTuber hllvqHIKvpk-00043-00026901-00027470 panel though because it was rescheduled to today and I was out here hllvqHIKvpk-00044-00027470-00027878 eating at the time that the panel was going out so I only really caught the tail hllvqHIKvpk-00045-00027878-00028502 end of it so that's kind of disappointing but that's pretty much it hllvqHIKvpk-00046-00028502-00029063 for now until next time adieu. Day three of power morphicon but I decided to not go hllvqHIKvpk-00047-00029063-00029499 for a number of reasons mostly because I did most of what I already wanted to and hllvqHIKvpk-00048-00029499-00030000 also because I would have missed two of the three panels that I wanted to go hllvqHIKvpk-00049-00030000-00030543 to and it just wouldn't have been worth it I really do need to reevaluate hllvqHIKvpk-00050-00030543-00031088 my travel situation because taking the bus were three hours we have to wake up hllvqHIKvpk-00051-00031088-00031527 really early in the morning it's it's just not working out for me hllvqHIKvpk-00052-00031527-00032116 but I'll figure something out for the next time although I think next year is hllvqHIKvpk-00053-00032116-00032764 going to be a Japan World Heroes in Pasadena if it's still in Pasadena hllvqHIKvpk-00054-00032764-00033421 because they moved power morphicon to Anaheim but yeah and the buses not only hllvqHIKvpk-00055-00033421-00034093 is at three hours but I keep getting to the second stop late to the bus stop hllvqHIKvpk-00056-00034093-00034912 where I transfer to late so I have to wait an entire extra hour for the bus to hllvqHIKvpk-00057-00034912-00035674 to get to and from home so that's kind of really annoying to in addition to hllvqHIKvpk-00058-00035674-00036412 making me even more late than I already was so yeah I definitely got up in here hllvqHIKvpk-00059-00036412-00036893 something out here because this really isn't working for you but that's hllvqHIKvpk-00060-00036893-00037527 basically it for this year at Power Morphicon vlogs until next time, adieu! hnAmRCR38H4-00000-00002790-00003002 I'm going to ask you to move your desk that way too. hnAmRCR38H4-00001-00003002-00003559 I think I'm going to ask you two to move into groups. You have more people. hnAmRCR38H4-00002-00003559-00003949 And then Kayla and Morgan, I'll ask you to turn your desks as well. hnAmRCR38H4-00003-00003949-00004240 First, let's go over the roles. hnAmRCR38H4-00004-00004240-00004579 So if you have a green piece of paper on your desk, you're a facilitator. hnAmRCR38H4-00005-00004579-00004803 I want you to facilitate the questions, hnAmRCR38H4-00006-00004803-00005128 So one of you will have the questions, but you both need to. hnAmRCR38H4-00007-00005128-00005558 You can share it as well, or you can refer to questions on the board. hnAmRCR38H4-00008-00005558-00005939 Scribe is blue. The scribe is going to write a summary of your discussion. hnAmRCR38H4-00009-00005939-00006333 Because hopefully we're going to dig, we add a lot more annotations. hnAmRCR38H4-00010-00006333-00006592 We're hopefully going to get a little bit further with this. hnAmRCR38H4-00011-00006592-00006842 Everyone should be annotating your own poem, hnAmRCR38H4-00012-00006842-00007171 and the presenter will share your findings with the class. hnAmRCR38H4-00013-00007171-00007401 Again, this is a scale we're familiar with. hnAmRCR38H4-00014-00007401-00007673 The difference between a 4 and a 3 is the 4 draws other people into hnAmRCR38H4-00015-00007673-00007955 the conversation, in addition to fulfilling your role. hnAmRCR38H4-00016-00007955-00008224 What questions do you have? hnAmRCR38H4-00017-00008224-00008774 Okay, please rotate your desks. hnYc-fOI1Cy-00000-00000003-00000372 Ryan what are you doing in today's market are you viewing this as a buying hnYc-fOI1Cy-00001-00000372-00000650 opportunity? I think definitely overseas and we have about a hnYc-fOI1Cy-00002-00000650-00001080 10% correction already some things sold off pretty aggressively so I think hnYc-fOI1Cy-00003-00001080-00001529 if you're already invested it's probably a good time to add or if you're just hnYc-fOI1Cy-00004-00001529-00001902 getting invest to take advantage of it now I don't not quite sure all the hnYc-fOI1Cy-00005-00001902-00002193 selling is over yet we're having a lot of volatility here, a 2-3% correction hnYc-fOI1Cy-00006-00002193-00002535 like Jonathan said. That's not a huge correction so there's hnYc-fOI1Cy-00007-00002535-00002852 no reason markets couldn't sell off further here.. even if we're in a bull hnYc-fOI1Cy-00008-00002852-00003138 market, which I think we are. Drilling down into some of the names that have hnYc-fOI1Cy-00009-00003138-00003453 specifically been hit because of these coronavirus fears we had a lot of the hnYc-fOI1Cy-00010-00003453-00003792 travel stocks now some of the casinos are being hit we had news out today that hnYc-fOI1Cy-00011-00003792-00004194 Macau is shutting down all of its casinos for the next two weeks after hnYc-fOI1Cy-00012-00004194-00004566 we've seen some selling within these two sectors are you seeing any buying hnYc-fOI1Cy-00013-00004566-00004871 opportunities with some of these names? Oh yeah absolutely I mean a lot of hnYc-fOI1Cy-00014-00004871-00005273 sectors are down 10% and I'm a brave man I'll even say oil here which hnYc-fOI1Cy-00015-00005273-00005652 has just got hammered were officially hit a bear market yesterday and hit that hnYc-fOI1Cy-00016-00005652-00006032 20 percent correction territory I mean Exxon now it trades it 15 times hnYc-fOI1Cy-00017-00006032-00006429 forward earnings cheaper than the market you got a fat dividend over 5.. close hnYc-fOI1Cy-00018-00006429-00006789 to 5.5% even those massive master limited partnerships hnYc-fOI1Cy-00019-00006789-00007179 would also have gotten hit really hard here trading really cheaply so I think hnYc-fOI1Cy-00020-00007179-00007565 all those things are great buy and you have to take the bad news and take those hnYc-fOI1Cy-00021-00007565-00007881 opportunities to get this stuff while valuations are so cheap how many we're hnYc-fOI1Cy-00022-00007881-00008120 gonna talk about oil later on in the show but we've been talking about the hnYc-fOI1Cy-00023-00008120-00008499 potential for how oil could fall because we could see that drop in demand because hnYc-fOI1Cy-00024-00008499-00008915 of the coronavirus how big of a downside risk do you see this being for crude at hnYc-fOI1Cy-00025-00008915-00009222 this point I mean the markets forward-looking so it's re factor a 10 hnYc-fOI1Cy-00026-00009222-00009657 because China is such a big part of global demand especially global demand hnYc-fOI1Cy-00027-00009657-00010128 growth so as long as we already see that - are you getting that selling so I'm hnYc-fOI1Cy-00028-00010128-00010557 saying buy now while that price that's already being priced in you know.. hnYc-fOI1Cy-00029-00010557-00010817 be more forward-looking. i100843bT6y-00000-00000086-00000685 Joon : Welcome to the show we have Charles and Steve in my nomad studio today. i100843bT6y-00001-00000685-00001313 Charles is the CEO of Kochava and Steve is executive VP of global sales at Kochava. i100843bT6y-00002-00001313-00001592 Let's get started by telling us about Kochava first. i100843bT6y-00003-00001592-00002158 Charles: So Kochava is a what people traditionally think of it as a i100843bT6y-00004-00002158-00002848 mobile measurement platform we help advertisers who have mobile apps measure i100843bT6y-00005-00002848-00003227 and track all of the different advertisements that they are using to i100843bT6y-00006-00003227-00003871 drive installs and to drive engagement. Over time we realize that our our i100843bT6y-00007-00003871-00004514 customers who are typically kind of the top tier advertisers what they really i100843bT6y-00008-00004514-00004967 care about is having a 360 view. They certainly cared about what we were doing i100843bT6y-00009-00004967-00005467 with mobile but they wanted to start to link that together with other sources so i100843bT6y-00010-00005467-00006035 what was happening in the context of web users are they the same audiences as the i100843bT6y-00011-00006035-00006448 users are coming in through the mobile apps? and so really being able to look at i100843bT6y-00012-00006448-00006767 that from a people perspective and an audience perspective was was i100843bT6y-00013-00006767-00007166 increasingly important. And so we've gone from strictly a mobile measurement i100843bT6y-00014-00007166-00007541 platform into being kind of an universal measurement technology for connected i100843bT6y-00015-00007541-00008069 devices. So when I talk about Universal it's not just driving you know seeing i100843bT6y-00016-00008069-00008573 the medias driving installs it's also seeing how those same users may be going i100843bT6y-00017-00008573-00009344 to your website or seeing how there's more to lifetime value than simply an i100843bT6y-00018-00009344-00009842 in-app purchase or an engagement, offline transactions like point-of-sale i100843bT6y-00019-00009842-00010367 transaction data that may depict a picture or subscription data so when we i100843bT6y-00020-00010367-00010724 talk about Universal it's really looking at cross channel but also kind of cross i100843bT6y-00021-00010724-00011066 signal so that you're getting a full picture of how your audiences are i100843bT6y-00022-00011066-00011326 interacting i100843bT6y-00023-00011326-00011770 Joon: you mentioned about putting different weight on different channel, does Kochava offer that? i100843bT6y-00024-00011778-00012142 Charles: not only different weight on different channels we can do it down to the i100843bT6y-00025-00012142-00012834 tracker level so you can say hey here's one channel and it's a media source that i100843bT6y-00026-00012834-00013681 has both none incent and incent media. You can decide that even though it's the i100843bT6y-00027-00013681-00013959 same channel. Different trackers have different weight. i100843bT6y-00028-00013959-00014394 Because incentivized traffic's value differently so you may want to treat it i100843bT6y-00029-00014394-00014823 differently with regard to the attribution logic. So this is one of the i100843bT6y-00030-00014823-00015500 main differentiators of our platform and the reason why tear one advertisers care about our product. i100843bT6y-00031-00015500-00016122 Joon: oh so that doesn't mean that the advertisers get charged differently? i100843bT6y-00032-00016122-00016516 Charles: that's a good question so in the old days everything was very CPI based you know i100843bT6y-00033-00016516-00017043 they only paid on the bounties of last click our most advanced advertisers i100843bT6y-00034-00017043-00017845 don't buy on the CPI basis. They buy on a CPM basis. They use our tool to back into i100843bT6y-00035-00017845-00018400 the effective CPI with fractional allocation. And they can decide to put i100843bT6y-00036-00018400-00018844 more money than they would otherwise think they should in particular sources. i100843bT6y-00037-00018844-00019342 The other thing our advertisers are doing is they're saying okay mr. mr. i100843bT6y-00038-00019342-00019972 media source, publisher, ad network, whatever, I'll pay you on a CPI but I'm i100843bT6y-00039-00019972-00020635 only gonna send you a post back, if the traffic is verified as consistent with i100843bT6y-00040-00020635-00021517 what I want, which is iOS 13, on an Apple 10 and above, and in California i100843bT6y-00041-00021517-00022176 specifically, and, and, and, and then the publisher will say sounds great. i100843bT6y-00042-00022176-00022632 and our system is smart enough to only signal the post back in real time if all i100843bT6y-00043-00022632-00023256 of those qualifiers match. So usually an ad network in that case yeah. Joon: Do they accept that? Charles: yeah well i100843bT6y-00044-00023256-00023665 it happens a lot. They accept it not knowing that they what they're accepting. i100843bT6y-00045-00023665-00024091 and then they say oh you're tracking is broken. yeah and then they say no no go i100843bT6y-00046-00024091-00024532 look at the i/o. These are all the things that were the requirements. and so our i100843bT6y-00047-00024532-00025027 technology can not only choose to selectively send the post back ,our i100843bT6y-00048-00025027-00025474 technology can also choose to, say for example, send a post back on every i100843bT6y-00049-00025474-00026050 conversion but then include metadata that says you can't claim this and here is the reason why. i100843bT6y-00050-00026050-00026398 Joon: Could you give me a couple of lists of your top tier customers i100843bT6y-00051-00026398-00026788 Charles: sure machine zone is a customer of ours. We have i100843bT6y-00052-00026788-00027451 lot of different game companies we have some game show network qsr which quick i100843bT6y-00053-00027451-00027983 serve restaurant is fast food so mcdonalds dunken doughnuts chick-fil-a i100843bT6y-00054-00027983-00028669 Domino's how we have a very strong streaming customer base so Netflix NBC i100843bT6y-00055-00028669-00029481 CBS Disney ABC Showtime HBO that use our our technology. And i100843bT6y-00056-00029481-00029944 what we learned in that process of serving specifically the media i100843bT6y-00057-00029944-00030577 entertainment space is that mobile is one channel of their content, connected TV is i100843bT6y-00058-00030577-00031024 another, OTT is another, but we started in mobile attribution but where we are i100843bT6y-00059-00031024-00031970 today is we're measuring OTT streaming on roku and OTT direct on Apple TV for a number of different brands. i100843bT6y-00060-00031980-00032455 Joon: okay so tell us about your first company out of i100843bT6y-00061-00032455-00033082 Oracle, what was it, and how you built a team, how did you fund it and etc i100843bT6y-00062-00033082-00033871 Charles:I was on a team that was delivering some of the first web-based solutions for Oracle i100843bT6y-00063-00033871-00034513 clients. I found myself working with business people and IT infrastructure i100843bT6y-00064-00034513-00035005 people. and none of them understood internet technology. The biggest thing i100843bT6y-00065-00035005-00035841 was if app server or a web server shut down because of too much load, no one i100843bT6y-00066-00035841-00036460 could know that in the IT infrastructure team and know what to fix. and so the i100843bT6y-00067-00036460-00037015 first company out of Oracle was a company that was a IT monitoring i100843bT6y-00068-00037015-00037533 technology that would monitor app servers and web servers and then show i100843bT6y-00069-00037533-00037936 what commerce systems were affected from that outage.(okay) i100843bT6y-00070-00037936-00038525 that sounds incredibly silly today because there's so much in the cloud and i100843bT6y-00071-00038525-00038984 there's so much monitoring and you know companies like New Relic exist and i100843bT6y-00072-00038984-00039353 they're fabulously successful. you know 1999 i100843bT6y-00073-00039353-00039809 none of those tools existed and so your web server went down and there was like i100843bT6y-00074-00039809-00040322 two people that knew what the impact was in the entire company. I really enjoy i100843bT6y-00075-00040322-00040907 data and lots of it and visualizing it in a way that makes it actionable. and so i100843bT6y-00076-00040907-00041354 I was passionate about this concept of building the software that we could sell i100843bT6y-00077-00041354-00041798 to enterprises. Arguably lots of money was available because it was late years i100843bT6y-00078-00041798-00042539 before the dot-com crash but we didn't raise very much money and I raised money i100843bT6y-00079-00042539-00042917 from friends and family and eventually we ended up selling the company to a i100843bT6y-00080-00042917-00043298 company in the East Coast. Joon: so that that company is M-code and you sold it to i100843bT6y-00081-00043298-00043858 Charles: managed object. We sold it right before the dot-com bust. (good for you) i100843bT6y-00082-00043858-00044354 thank God and we actually had three term sheets. and pretty well known companies i100843bT6y-00083-00044354-00044873 outside of managed objects. and within three weeks two of the term sheets had i100843bT6y-00084-00044873-00045320 gone away. and when we were right on the cusp of the dot-com thing happened it i100843bT6y-00085-00045320-00045877 was like March of 2000 so it was like right before May and the deal changed i100843bT6y-00086-00045877-00046526 from "Charles you're gonna be the GM for the West Coast for our company" to "if i100843bT6y-00087-00046526-00046931 you want to do this deal you have to move and your whole team does too" and so i100843bT6y-00088-00046931-00047231 it was like ooh this is serious two terms sheets have i100843bT6y-00089-00047231-00047576 gone away in this deal is changed dramatically let's sign this thing i100843bT6y-00090-00047576-00048329 quickly. And manage objects here's what was really awesome like M-code because i100843bT6y-00091-00048329-00048608 things were so tight, I worried about things like payroll. i100843bT6y-00092-00048608-00049214 every two weeks. And we only had a team of 14. the amazing thing was went from M-code i100843bT6y-00093-00049214-00049559 to managed objects I no longer had to be the CEO, I didn't have to worry about i100843bT6y-00094-00049559-00050075 payroll, I was the head of product management, I worked for a fabulous CEO. i100843bT6y-00095-00050075-00050458 I got to learn how another company operates and i100843bT6y-00096-00050458-00050848 be at an executive level without having to stress out about things like payroll i100843bT6y-00097-00050848-00051255 or raising money. Joon: and for this acquisition, how did you do financially? i100843bT6y-00098-00051255-00051966 Charles: it wasn't amazing but it was okay. I felt like that's great. You know i100843bT6y-00099-00051966-00052404 (you were happy) I was happy and our investors were happy, you know I think i100843bT6y-00100-00052404-00052929 there's an interesting point when you're entrepreneur you kind of feel like your i100843bT6y-00101-00052929-00053458 identity and your indicator of success is how much money you've raised, and i100843bT6y-00102-00053458-00054109 that is a falsehood. Your success is how you can assemble a really valuable team. i100843bT6y-00103-00054109-00054565 Do work that other people are willing to part with cash to have and and what I i100843bT6y-00104-00054565-00054937 mean by that's customers. and I learned a really interesting lesson at i100843bT6y-00105-00054937-00055341 that time and that is companies are bought they're not sold. I was really i100843bT6y-00106-00055341-00055755 pushing to have the company gets sold and I think that's part of the reason i100843bT6y-00107-00055755-00056371 why we did okay and not great. if you do the job of building a great company, your i100843bT6y-00108-00056371-00056902 company gets bought you don't push this sell it. does that make sense? Joon: yeah they come to you. i100843bT6y-00109-00056902-00057361 Charles: they come to you and if your whole identity is around how much money i100843bT6y-00110-00057361-00057739 you raise and whether or not you sell it, your focal point is on like the wrong direction. i100843bT6y-00111-00057739-00058795 Joon: Steve you're your salesman. Steve : I am, a sales person. Joon: sales person, oh is that like sensitive? so you i100843bT6y-00112-00058795-00059263 started your career at Microsoft as a sales manager. You were a VP of Sales is i100843bT6y-00113-00059263-00059698 like 1999 so what makes a good salesperson? Steve: I think there are two i100843bT6y-00114-00059698-00060313 characteristics and they're they're actually the opposite. One is ego and the i100843bT6y-00115-00060313-00060772 other is empathy. but let me explain ego real quickly and I don't mean ego in i100843bT6y-00116-00060772-00061442 terms of being arrogant or brash. I mean ego in terms of how a salesperson i100843bT6y-00117-00061442-00061998 really ties up their own performance with their self-esteem and that's i100843bT6y-00118-00061998-00062421 something even a manager can't push on somebody. They just actually have to have i100843bT6y-00119-00062421-00063090 those two wires connected. and so they're working really hard and the i100843bT6y-00120-00063090-00063467 results are the outcomes of their work really reinforced how they feel about i100843bT6y-00121-00063467-00064032 themselves. That's the ego part, the empathy part I think is really really i100843bT6y-00122-00064032-00064524 interesting and empathy can be anything from understanding how the buyers how i100843bT6y-00123-00064524-00064983 putting themselves in their shoes and understanding that but it could be i100843bT6y-00124-00064983-00065529 something as as deep as feeling for somebody across the table and let me give you an i100843bT6y-00125-00065529-00065973 example. when I was a young seller I was calling on a company called Paddington. i100843bT6y-00126-00065973-00066486 It was actually a liquor company still is liquor distributor. Had a 10:00 a.m. i100843bT6y-00127-00066486-00067119 meeting and at about 10:15 I was a little bit agitated the client hadn't i100843bT6y-00128-00067119-00067717 come out yet. A little bit after he came out, brought me in we sat down. i100843bT6y-00129-00067717-00068143 about five minutes in that meeting, I could tell he wasn't really following or i100843bT6y-00130-00068143-00068539 paying attention. after about ten minutes I realized something was going on and I i100843bT6y-00131-00068539-00069100 asked him during the meeting, I said is there is there something I'm doing or is i100843bT6y-00132-00069100-00069643 there something that's going on. He said "actually yes". He said my son had an i100843bT6y-00133-00069643-00070198 asthma attack in the morning. He's gone to the emergency room is with my wife. At i100843bT6y-00134-00070198-00070677 the time there was a magazine, I closed magazine. and I said i100843bT6y-00135-00070677-00071001 "oh that's it. this is what you've got to deal with is far more important than this meeting." i100843bT6y-00136-00071001-00071839 (yeah) and I left. Now I called about a week later, we rescheduled the meeting and the i100843bT6y-00137-00071839-00072183 importance isn't whether or not we got the business which we did, by the way, but i100843bT6y-00138-00072183-00072570 the important thing is that there was credibility there and now at Kochava we i100843bT6y-00139-00072570-00073064 actually have a saying. and that is, people don't care what you know until i100843bT6y-00140-00073064-00073551 they know that you care and it's something I think it's really important. i100843bT6y-00141-00073551-00073939 So those are the two characteristics and it's really hard to find in a sales i100843bT6y-00142-00073939-00074455 person but those are the two that I think makes the most sense in terms of i100843bT6y-00143-00074455-00074724 the successful. i1-EJtwvLh0-00000-00000016-00000840 it is the midwest's largest ice fishing tournament with over 275 thousand dollars in prizes and not i1-EJtwvLh0-00001-00000840-00001592 proceeds of 1.22 million dollars and you may be asking what am i talking about well battle on Bago i1-EJtwvLh0-00002-00003416-00003616 3:30? i1-EJtwvLh0-00003-00004128-00004592 I guess... Ohhh it'll be worth it, it'll be worth it i1-EJtwvLh0-00004-00005480-00006304 ah hey Joshua what it's 3 30 buddy i1-EJtwvLh0-00005-00006512-00007344 five more minutes it's time to get up not yet i got up you're gonna get up five more minutes no i1-EJtwvLh0-00006-00007552-00008600 you're getting up no battle on vego time it's time to go buddy whoa come on we got trucks to i1-EJtwvLh0-00007-00008600-00009984 win boats to pull home with the trucks we win and memories to make come on slowpoke come on i1-EJtwvLh0-00008-00014176-00014719 time check it is currently 607 so yeah i1-EJtwvLh0-00009-00015272-00016984 we are pretty pretty set just hope this is the spot yeah me too i1-EJtwvLh0-00010-00019328-00019512 time to wholeheart like crazy i1-EJtwvLh0-00011-00019688-00020112 do i start shallow or let's start shallow i'm gonna go all the way out and then i'm gonna work i1-EJtwvLh0-00012-00020112-00020888 my way in that will help me basically narrow down more fish oh and if i haven't mentioned this we i1-EJtwvLh0-00013-00020888-00021344 are fishing lake winnebago so there's a bunch of lakes that feed off of lake winnebago and i1-EJtwvLh0-00014-00021432-00022584 they all connect and you can fish any of them for battle and bagel but we are actually fishing bago i1-EJtwvLh0-00015-00023112-00025384 so so i1-EJtwvLh0-00016-00025880-00026783 so i1-EJtwvLh0-00017-00029568-00030344 yeah i shouldn't be all right we'll be back man think about what you did not do i1-EJtwvLh0-00018-00030872-00030983 maybe a foot i1-EJtwvLh0-00019-00031424-00032383 yes yes i have oh my word yeah there's a fish right here i1-EJtwvLh0-00020-00032576-00032800 oh come on or just race back down the bottom i1-EJtwvLh0-00021-00033224-00034424 oh here it comes yeah i know what is it with this spot i had to turn my sensitivity way down i1-EJtwvLh0-00022-00035072-00035184 that's a fish i1-EJtwvLh0-00023-00036112-00036784 that looks like a good fish huh whatever it is oh my word yeah boy i1-EJtwvLh0-00024-00037200-00039384 take your time looks like it's got some weight to him huh oh yeah i1-EJtwvLh0-00025-00040704-00041064 i wasn't i wasn't if it wasn't a good fish i would have dug my hand in but i1-EJtwvLh0-00026-00041064-00041632 it's you can't even enter it yeah it was a smallie yeah it was a nice smallie too i1-EJtwvLh0-00027-00041880-00042304 i went in after it but i was like yeah i don't really want a wet arm i could have literally i1-EJtwvLh0-00028-00042304-00042744 saved it but it's not really worth it that quality would be worth taking a hook to the hand i1-EJtwvLh0-00029-00042960-00043584 i'd push a hook through my hand for it i1-EJtwvLh0-00030-00044040-00044752 very nice thank you you're welcome you're talented truly talented i1-EJtwvLh0-00031-00044960-00045080 you're truly talented i1-EJtwvLh0-00032-00045488-00046496 i'm just going simple today just a swedish pimple and a jig there's another one my word they're all i1-EJtwvLh0-00033-00046496-00046848 coming up for me they're all coming up for me oh my word there's three marks on me right now i1-EJtwvLh0-00034-00047176-00048192 tiniest little jig on come on just i'm shaking i have captain ian in me tiniest little tungsten jig i1-EJtwvLh0-00035-00048360-00049464 it's in gold come on he's aggressive there's a bunch of them there's entire school of them i1-EJtwvLh0-00036-00050128-00050584 like there's tons of them here oh my word is a giant school i1-EJtwvLh0-00037-00050832-00051072 they're all on bottom though they keep going back down the bottom and i1-EJtwvLh0-00038-00051072-00051552 then you can get them right back up barbecue brother town battle on bagel i1-EJtwvLh0-00039-00051552-00051984 tench i1-EJtwvLh0-00040-00055424-00055474 you i389EG9WLpu-00000-00000120-00000549 Today we are going to talk about "Where in Poland should I invest? i389EG9WLpu-00001-00000549-00000967 ". Which Polish city suits you the most to settle and do business in Poland? i389EG9WLpu-00002-00000967-00001492 If you are an IT startup, or e-commerce business owner, trading company, financial service i389EG9WLpu-00003-00001492-00002041 provider, or an international corporation that needs a regional office in #poland , Warsaw i389EG9WLpu-00004-00002041-00002323 is definitely your first choice. i389EG9WLpu-00005-00002323-00002984 Ranked to be the sixth safest city in Europe, Warsaw's dynamic character and rapid transformation i389EG9WLpu-00006-00002984-00003286 lure many companies from abroad. i389EG9WLpu-00007-00003286-00003843 The quality of living and the very good relation between the cost and affordability of the i389EG9WLpu-00008-00003843-00003943 services. i389EG9WLpu-00009-00003943-00004414 What's more, it offers lots of office space for investors. i389EG9WLpu-00010-00004414-00004934 If you plan to set up your factory in Poland, our 14 economic zones spread all over the i389EG9WLpu-00011-00004934-00005573 country can be a great choice for you, from which you can enjoy the attractive tax incentives i389EG9WLpu-00012-00005573-00005896 our government offers to international inventors. i389EG9WLpu-00013-00005896-00006382 If you want your business to be close to Germany, Krakow is the place for you. i389EG9WLpu-00014-00006382-00007017 Not only its strategic location, beautiful architecture, cultural robustness, cost of i389EG9WLpu-00015-00007017-00007542 running a business in Krakow is much less than in the bursting capital Warsaw. i389EG9WLpu-00016-00007542-00007996 If you consider Krakow, Poznan and Wroclaw can be one of your choices also. i389EG9WLpu-00017-00007996-00008540 If you are from logistic industry, or your business depends heavily on cargo transportation, i389EG9WLpu-00018-00008540-00008929 our Tricity could be a great choice for you. i389EG9WLpu-00019-00008929-00009554 It is a metropolitan area consisting of three cities Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot, along with i389EG9WLpu-00020-00009554-00009747 minor towns in their vicinity. i389EG9WLpu-00021-00009747-00010360 They are situated adjacent to one other, in a row on the coast of Gdańsk Bay, Baltic i389EG9WLpu-00022-00010360-00010540 Sea in northern Poland. i389EG9WLpu-00023-00010540-00011057 For investors who develop hotel and resorts, Zakopane is your wonderful choice. i389EG9WLpu-00024-00011057-00011402 It is a town in the extreme south of Poland. i389EG9WLpu-00025-00011402-00011881 It lies in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. i389EG9WLpu-00026-00011881-00012092 Known as "the winter capital of Poland", it is a popular destination for mountaineering, i389EG9WLpu-00027-00012092-00012192 skiing and qualified tourism. i389EG9WLpu-00028-00012192-00012292 That’s all for today. i389EG9WLpu-00029-00012292-00012727 If you would like to know more about investment or receive our expert team’s professional i389EG9WLpu-00030-00012727-00013141 consultation, please contact us from down below. i55RbPA5Lv4-00000-00000413-00000479 Hello! i55RbPA5Lv4-00001-00000479-00000604 My name is Alexander. i55RbPA5Lv4-00002-00000604-00000720 I am from Kyiv. i55RbPA5Lv4-00003-00000720-00001228 I have been working as a front-end developer for almost a year, i55RbPA5Lv4-00004-00001228-00001526 taking into account the initial courses. i55RbPA5Lv4-00005-00001526-00002106 After finishing the courses, I worked as a freelancer for about 9 months i55RbPA5Lv4-00006-00002106-00002481 making responsive websites with CMS WordPress. i55RbPA5Lv4-00007-00002481-00003000 In July of this year, I joined the RemotEmployees team as a front-end developer. i55RbPA5Lv4-00008-00003000-00003711 I know HTML/ Css/ Scss/ Sass/ Js/ git/ gulp/ CMS WordPress and React. i55RbPA5Lv4-00009-00003711-00004420 I am extremely interested in React.js, so I develop sites using this library. i55RbPA5Lv4-00010-00004420-00005094 But I’m not going to stop here, because I want to become a senior front-end developer, i55RbPA5Lv4-00011-00005094-00005453 so the next step is to learn next.js. i55RbPA5Lv4-00012-00005453-00006382 I prefer to work full-time because I want to give all of myself to the project I am working on. i55RbPA5Lv4-00013-00006382-00006908 If I have a difficult situation and I don't know how to deal with it, i55RbPA5Lv4-00014-00006908-00007373 I usually try to find a solution by myself. i55RbPA5Lv4-00015-00007373-00007877 Moreover, such situations allow me to improve my skills. i55RbPA5Lv4-00016-00007877-00008383 Working as a front-end developer, I am fascinated by the creation of sites i55RbPA5Lv4-00017-00008383-00008600 and their functionality. i55RbPA5Lv4-00018-00008600-00009118 Looking at the end product and how it works like clockwork, i55RbPA5Lv4-00019-00009118-00009850 I realize that I worked and invested my time and energy for a good reason. i55RbPA5Lv4-00020-00009850-00009997 Thank you for your attention. i6P6fz9YWDo-00000-00000264-00000804 My project focuses on understanding how polymers can help in the clustering of i6P6fz9YWDo-00001-00000804-00001150 different ionic structures and comparing how ionic structures form i6P6fz9YWDo-00002-00001150-00001672 passively in water versus how these ionic structures form when polymers are i6P6fz9YWDo-00003-00001672-00002038 introduced into the system, how polymers can help mediate this clustering through i6P6fz9YWDo-00004-00002038-00002426 the influence of positive and negative charges between the polymers and the ions. i6P6fz9YWDo-00005-00002440-00002790 At my home institution I worked on much more coarse grained and larger scale i6P6fz9YWDo-00006-00002791-00003388 systems for longer time periods and here I'm learning much more on the atomistic i6P6fz9YWDo-00007-00003388-00004110 approach and how things are done in very short time periods. i6P6fz9YWDo-00008-00004110-00004354 Thus far I've worked with a graduate student, i6P6fz9YWDo-00009-00004354-00004801 Shayna Hilburg, and she has helped me understand how the particular software used in this i6P6fz9YWDo-00010-00004801-00005245 laboratory can help model atoms and molecules on the atomistic scale. i6P6fz9YWDo-00011-00005245-00005764 Kirill has prepared a structure of the molecule that we want to make using software that i6P6fz9YWDo-00012-00005764-00006196 you can see here it's only in two dimensions, and we have this charged i6P6fz9YWDo-00013-00006196-00006612 polymer that we want to make in our a atomistic simulation. So we've been i6P6fz9YWDo-00014-00006620-00007109 working through how to get those to be represented in something that's three i6P6fz9YWDo-00015-00007110-00007509 dimensional in the computer that we can use in our i6P6fz9YWDo-00016-00007509-00007953 molecular dynamic simulations. The work that Kirill is doing here of looking at i6P6fz9YWDo-00017-00007953-00008379 the ions aggregating in solution when the polymer is present is going to help i6P6fz9YWDo-00018-00008379-00008790 in a broader project that we have in the Alexander-Katz group where we are i6P6fz9YWDo-00019-00008790-00009478 looking at how polymers can in general change the aggregation of ions as they i6P6fz9YWDo-00020-00009478-00009924 assemble into crystals and they can assemble in specific orders that create i6P6fz9YWDo-00021-00009924-00010306 different crystals for different structures. We're going to use this i6P6fz9YWDo-00022-00010306-00010738 information that Kirill makes and that data will be directly applicable to the i6P6fz9YWDo-00023-00010738-00011149 next steps in the project, specifically crystals that are relevant for i6P6fz9YWDo-00024-00011149-00011749 biomineralization, the formation of teeth or bones or shells, and this is relevant as i6P6fz9YWDo-00025-00011749-00012199 well for pharmaceutical companies who do the crystallization of drugs so that i6P6fz9YWDo-00026-00012199-00012690 they can form pills out of the drugs that they create and a lot of different i6P6fz9YWDo-00027-00012690-00013234 techniques that use organic molecules in the presence of ions to kinetically i6P6fz9YWDo-00028-00013234-00013447 change what shapes the crystals make. i6P6fz9YWDo-00029-00013452-00014163 So what we're doing here is we have polyacrylic acid, a negatively charged polymer, i6P6fz9YWDo-00030-00014163-00014530 in a system with water and counter ions to neutralize the charges in the system. i6P6fz9YWDo-00031-00014530-00015108 Here we're letting the system relax into a steady state where, after which, we will add additional calcium and i6P6fz9YWDo-00032-00015109-00015703 carbonate ions, where we can then see how the polymer helps clustering of these i6P6fz9YWDo-00033-00015703-00016122 calcium and carbonate ions into different crystalline structures. In this research i6P6fz9YWDo-00034-00016122-00016417 experience, I gained a valuable opportunity to work with people outside i6P6fz9YWDo-00035-00016417-00016825 of my home institution and learn new techniques and practices that I would i6P6fz9YWDo-00036-00016825-00017236 previously not have known, and how these different techniques and practices can i6P6fz9YWDo-00037-00017236-00017422 be applied to fields outside my own. i85PbsorMho-00000-00000518-00000900 You know when we have a healthy lawn, it not only looks better and helps us keep up with i85PbsorMho-00001-00000900-00001224 the neighbors you know, but it also helps us keep weeds out. i85PbsorMho-00002-00001224-00001796 And one key component of having a healthy lawn is to have a good fertilizing strategy. i85PbsorMho-00003-00001796-00002161 The most important question to ask and the question we get asked in our offices all the i85PbsorMho-00004-00002161-00002339 time is “how much?” i85PbsorMho-00005-00002339-00002470 How much fertilizer to put on. i85PbsorMho-00006-00002470-00002736 We really encourage people to do a soil test. i85PbsorMho-00007-00002736-00003332 A soil test will tell them exactly what their needs are, how much to put on, and what types i85PbsorMho-00008-00003332-00003475 of fertilizer to put on. i85PbsorMho-00009-00003475-00003809 After we know how much we need, the next step is to purchase a fertilizer. i85PbsorMho-00010-00003809-00004194 As we purchase a fertilizer that fertilizer is going to have instructions on how to put i85PbsorMho-00011-00004194-00004578 the fertilizer on, how much is in the bag, and how much is needed. i85PbsorMho-00012-00004578-00004905 And we really want to follow those directions pretty closely. i85PbsorMho-00013-00004905-00005214 When we’re applying it we really want to apply it evenly. i85PbsorMho-00014-00005214-00005562 We don’t want to apply it twice in the same spot. i85PbsorMho-00015-00005562-00006020 We want to get a really even amount of fertilizer over the entire lawn or we’ll have some i85PbsorMho-00016-00006020-00006314 spots that are greener than others and that won’t look as good. i85PbsorMho-00017-00006314-00006797 You know there’s a difference between putting fertilizer on in the spring and the fall. i85PbsorMho-00018-00006797-00007297 In the spring we’re really trying to get that lawn to green up and look good, nitrogen i85PbsorMho-00019-00007297-00007923 is going to be what makes that lawn green and grown in a hurry; versus in the fall we i85PbsorMho-00020-00007923-00008307 really want that grass to start growing some roots, so we probably want some phosphorus i85PbsorMho-00021-00008307-00008440 on that grass. i85PbsorMho-00022-00008440-00008692 This is Hudson Hill, with the University of Wyoming Extension, you’re watching From i85PbsorMho-00023-00008692-00008743 the Ground Up. iqU_M0wouFM-00000-00003632-00003892 It's the time prior to the Green Poison. iqU_M0wouFM-00001-00003892-00004404 April lives with her husband William Kelleher, Bill for short, in an apartment in Brooklyn. iqU_M0wouFM-00002-00004442-00005130 For her birthday he gifted her a copy of the New York Collapse book. In it was a note from Bill. iqU_M0wouFM-00003-00006378-00007048 Moving ahead in time it's the 23rd of November. The "national holiday" of everything America stands for: iqU_M0wouFM-00004-00007076-00007208 It's Black Friday, of course. iqU_M0wouFM-00005-00007245-00007459 A day of greed and at the core of it? iqU_M0wouFM-00006-00007488-00007562 Money. iqU_M0wouFM-00007-00007581-00007845 Without knowing it the people are digging their own graves, iqU_M0wouFM-00008-00007845-00008286 by spreading the so called Dollar Flu that was resting on the surface of the banknotes. iqU_M0wouFM-00009-00008304-00008944 From there it will jump to human skin, to the food they are eating and like that spreading on and on. iqU_M0wouFM-00010-00008944-00009394 By the time patient zero feels the first symptoms, millions are already infected. iqU_M0wouFM-00011-00009944-00010194 From this point the breakdown will happen fast. iqU_M0wouFM-00012-00010200-00010702 Day 1: Hospitals will reach capacity. Panic will strike. iqU_M0wouFM-00013-00010704-00011404 Day 2: Quarantine zones will be established. Resources will be rationed. Transport will go into lockdown. iqU_M0wouFM-00014-00011784-00012094 Zooming in on Manhattan, it's now December 3rd. iqU_M0wouFM-00015-00012146-00012706 April couldn't get a hold of Bill and was worried about the outbreak and decided to go to his office in Manhattan. iqU_M0wouFM-00016-00012746-00013376 Upon April's arrival, Bill came running out of the front door with two other people, presumably colleagues. iqU_M0wouFM-00017-00013412-00013936 Two vehicles screeched up front and men in military fatigues began to open fire on them. iqU_M0wouFM-00018-00013986-00014436 April stopped in her tracks. She couldn't move as her husband got shot right in front of her. iqU_M0wouFM-00019-00014468-00014919 What had just happened? Did Bill really get murdered? Was he liquidated by armed men? iqU_M0wouFM-00020-00014966-00015722 Bill did work as a biochemist at the Sequent Biotech Group, a company performing bioinformatics analyses iqU_M0wouFM-00021-00015722-00016226 and making them available for institutes working on molecular biology, for example. iqU_M0wouFM-00022-00016226-00016536 Bill had to have connection to the virus. But how? iqU_M0wouFM-00023-00016536-00017116 Was he working on something that could have something to do with the virus? Was the government after him? iqU_M0wouFM-00024-00017116-00017252 It was all a big blur. iqU_M0wouFM-00025-00017334-00017772 April was still in shock. So, as the police arrived on the scene, iqU_M0wouFM-00026-00017772-00018380 she could only watch as her husband's body was being put in the coroner's van and the police taped off the crime scene. iqU_M0wouFM-00027-00018424-00019032 There was another man in the van, a doctor. He seemed familiar, but April couldn't quite put her finger on it. iqU_M0wouFM-00028-00019052-00019450 Still, she didn't think too much of it at the time. How could she? iqU_M0wouFM-00029-00019470-00019984 Not really knowing what to do April went on to call the police, asking to talk to a detective. iqU_M0wouFM-00030-00019984-00020444 After a while on hold, she managed to get a hold of one: Nina DiGiovanni. iqU_M0wouFM-00031-00020444-00021052 She told her what she saw when she arrived at the crime scene, but to her surprise no police report had been made on the case. iqU_M0wouFM-00032-00021052-00021366 So, the detective wasn't of any help and she hung up. iqU_M0wouFM-00033-00021476-00021946 So, what to do now? There wasn't much she could do at that moment, except going home. iqU_M0wouFM-00034-00021962-00022306 But to make matters worse, she couldn't get back to her home in Brooklyn. iqU_M0wouFM-00035-00022306-00022752 As the quarantine in Manhattan had reached full effect the subway had closed. iqU_M0wouFM-00036-00022778-00023148 She was trapped on Manhattan. Angry, scared and confused. iqU_M0wouFM-00037-00023206-00023678 Luckily she had a friend in the neighborhood, Eva. If she could find her. iqU_M0wouFM-00038-00023944-00024640 The next couple of days April stayed at Eva's place at Grand and Wooster. At least until the situation had blown over. iqU_M0wouFM-00039-00024664-00025028 But, there was no reason to think it would get better. And it didn't. iqU_M0wouFM-00040-00025070-00025706 That's when she started writing in her book, as if it was a diary. Hoping it would help her process this whole thing. iqU_M0wouFM-00041-00026012-00026645 Day three: International trade will stop. The oil will dry up. The stock market will collapse. iqU_M0wouFM-00042-00026748-00027377 Its December 4th. More people are getting sick while the government tries to maintain control over the situation. iqU_M0wouFM-00043-00027426-00027789 The quarantine on Manhattan is clamping down tighter and tighter. iqU_M0wouFM-00044-00027832-00028216 April managed to find a cop and told him what happened to Bill, iqU_M0wouFM-00045-00028216-00028842 but the officer told her that the authorities were too busy, guarding hospitals and locking down other areas of Manhattan. iqU_M0wouFM-00046-00028854-00029048 So, she didn't have to look to the police for help iqU_M0wouFM-00047-00029077-00029248 April didn't have much left. iqU_M0wouFM-00048-00029258-00030070 Her keys, $1,500 in cash she managed to withdraw, basic girl things and, at the bottom of her purse, the book she got from Bill. iqU_M0wouFM-00049-00030114-00030583 Reading it almost seemed ironical now, even funny. But, of course it wasn't. iqU_M0wouFM-00050-00030754-00030870 It's December 5th. iqU_M0wouFM-00051-00032064-00032516 As the chaos ensues everything seemed to happen quicker and quicker. iqU_M0wouFM-00052-00032586-00033146 Day 4: The power will fail. The shelves will be empty. The tabs will run dry. iqU_M0wouFM-00053-00033258-00033962 It's December 6th. And as the power fails across the city, people are panicking more and more. iqU_M0wouFM-00054-00033962-00034250 People didn't start to loot yet, but panic buying and riots were starting to occur. iqU_M0wouFM-00055-00034290-00034908 The next day, December 7th, Eva starts spiking a fever and coughing until she nearly chokes. iqU_M0wouFM-00056-00034924-00035304 After a few coughing attacks, she's stabilized but it was unsure for how long. iqU_M0wouFM-00057-00035370-00035918 CERA of Catastrophic Emergency Response Agency gave instructions to remain inside iqU_M0wouFM-00058-00035918-00036208 and promised vaccine teams were heading their way. iqU_M0wouFM-00059-00036266-00036384 But no help came. iqU_M0wouFM-00060-00036442-00036960 It is now December 8th and Eva has developed blisters all over her body. iqU_M0wouFM-00061-00036970-00037498 Disease Control Department or DCD confirmed the virus was a variant of the smallpox. iqU_M0wouFM-00062-00037872-00038356 As Eva got worse, it's now December 9th and Eva passed away. iqU_M0wouFM-00063-00038364-00038830 Unable to contact her family, April leaves her body wrapped in a sheet on her bed. iqU_M0wouFM-00064-00038830-00039252 The day after, despite the death of her friend, April stays at Eva's place. iqU_M0wouFM-00065-00039310-00039970 With the help of Eva's neighbours, she carried his body outside and duct taped her driver's license to her body. iqU_M0wouFM-00066-00039970-00040536 As it was rumored CERA was picking up bodies with refrigerator trucks and storing them at Hudson Yards. iqU_M0wouFM-00067-00040864-00041444 On December 11th, April is out in the city as the police and National Guard are setting up barriers. iqU_M0wouFM-00068-00041444-00041812 A riot broke out and she had to hide in a nearby restaurant. iqU_M0wouFM-00069-00048336-00048956 After the riot she spoke to a CERA employee who mentioned that the Madison Square Garden provided shelter iqU_M0wouFM-00070-00048964-00049184 and served as a distribution point. iqU_M0wouFM-00071-00049184-00049684 And while this may have been the case, we know not long after it was taken over by Rioters. iqU_M0wouFM-00072-00049740-00050388 April too was unsure of this advice, as the book strongly advise against going to public places with lots of people. iqU_M0wouFM-00073-00050396-00050534 And she turned out to be right. iqU_M0wouFM-00074-00050572-00051074 As she returned to Eva's place, April was unsure of what to do or where to go. iqU_M0wouFM-00075-00051120-00051650 She decided to sleep on it, but the next morning things will take a turn for the worse. iwHTEdJtqEM-00000-00000107-00001062 Maha Bali: Hi everyone, this is Maha Bali from the American University in Cairo and today I've got with me, Fran. Fran is gonna introduce yourself and try and activity with me right now. iwHTEdJtqEM-00001-00001224-00001596 francesca.helm: Hi, good morning. So I'm Fran, Fran Helm and I work at iwHTEdJtqEM-00002-00001641-00002457 francesca.helm: The University of Padva where I teach English language & translation in a course called European and global studies. iwHTEdJtqEM-00003-00002649-00002856 francesca.helm: Yep. And I'm very happy to be here with you Maha iwHTEdJtqEM-00004-00002970-00003386 Maha Bali: Padova is in Italy, and you're saying you have a international students that you're teaching iwHTEdJtqEM-00005-00003444-00003978 francesca.helm: Yeah, Padova is in Italy, so it's it's in the northeast of Italy, just near Venice. Everybody knows Venice and iwHTEdJtqEM-00006-00004074-00004950 francesca.helm: Yeah, I have. It's funny, we started. It's a large public university but we started doing and teaching master's degrees in English language. iwHTEdJtqEM-00007-00005001-00006789 francesca.helm: And that has really changed the student profile. So now I have .. otherwise before 90% of my students used to be Italian. Now we have international students. So I have mixed classes of yeah say 50% Italian students 50% coming from various other countries in the world. Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00008-00006959-00007212 Maha Bali: So what's this activity called and how are we going to do it. iwHTEdJtqEM-00009-00007266-00007764 francesca.helm: Okay, so this activity is called Lost in Translation and iwHTEdJtqEM-00010-00007962-00008952 francesca.helm: Yeah, it's an activity that I used as a kind of community building warmer activity with the students, but it can be used with various variations iwHTEdJtqEM-00011-00008997-00009720 francesca.helm: So what I'm going to ask you to do is we're going to think about a word or some words in iwHTEdJtqEM-00012-00009795-00010905 francesca.helm: Whatever language that can't that you can't translate that you feel can't be translated into another language. So, you know, it could be an English word that you can't translate into Arabic, if you like, or iwHTEdJtqEM-00013-00010968-00011664 francesca.helm: Whatever you like. So just take a few minutes to think about a word that that you can't translate iwHTEdJtqEM-00014-00011862-00012324 Maha Bali: So because I have been thinking about this for a while, actually have a few words in my iwHTEdJtqEM-00015-00012324-00012627 Maha Bali: Okay, do you have some that you're going to share also iwHTEdJtqEM-00016-00012789-00013686 francesca.helm: Yeah. I have a couple too Maha Bali: Okay, so, so there's one that I've been thinking about for a very very long time in Arabic and the word is "Mazloum" iwHTEdJtqEM-00017-00013686-00013824 مظلوم iwHTEdJtqEM-00018-00013824-00014754 Maha Bali: And it does have the concept of it هس understandable, but for some reason, it wasn't one word in English that expresses uh iwHTEdJtqEM-00019-00014766-00015408 Maha Bali: Huh. And so the word ظلم "zulm" which is the root of it means injustice. iwHTEdJtqEM-00020-00015549-00015999 Maha Bali: Right and "mazloum" is the person upon which, injustice has happened. iwHTEdJtqEM-00021-00016110-00016160 francesca.helm: Okay. iwHTEdJtqEM-00022-00016218-00017571 Maha Bali: In English, and you have like oppressed, but oppression is not the same as injustice, necessarily, it's in Arabic it has a different word for it. It's "idtihad" اضطهاد or "qahr" قهر . Those are the words for oppression. iwHTEdJtqEM-00023-00017604-00018093 Maha Bali: And the more systemic I think of oppression is a more systemic kind of injustice. iwHTEdJtqEM-00024-00018138-00018777 Maha Bali: But someone can be "mazloum" not in a systemic way. It's just that injustice has been happening to them. But that's not necessarily a systemic thing. iwHTEdJtqEM-00025-00018831-00020286 Maha Bali: That happened to that person in one situation like you're "Mazloum" in that situation, or you're wrongly accused, but it's not the same as wrongly accused there isn't one word that expresses this and it has a really emotional connotation. iwHTEdJtqEM-00026-00020331-00020484 Maha Bali: When you say that someone is iwHTEdJtqEM-00027-00020484-00021162 Maha Bali: That, like, I don't know. Can you think of an English translation like you think you know something about so many people I iwHTEdJtqEM-00028-00021450-00022686 francesca.helm: No, I can't think of it, and if it is it a word that's only described to use, the person system like oppressed is also an adjective that is the word you're talking about only to use to describe the person or it's also used as adjective. I'm wondering iwHTEdJtqEM-00029-00022932-00023148 Maha Bali: Yeah, I guess it could be also, it could be either iwHTEdJtqEM-00030-00023187-00023237 francesca.helm: It could be iwHTEdJtqEM-00031-00023331-00023381 Maha Bali: Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00032-00023499-00023556 Maha Bali: I think so. iwHTEdJtqEM-00033-00023709-00023976 Maha Bali: The other there's another one that iwHTEdJtqEM-00034-00023979-00024291 Maha Bali: I i'm not hundred percent sure there's a German word "Bildung". iwHTEdJtqEM-00035-00024351-00025635 Maha Bali: Hmm, which is not exactly education or pedagogy it's something else. But I think it actually has an Arabic translation, but not English translation.. in Arabic. We have a word called "tarbeya" تربية, which is about sort of the building of the person. iwHTEdJtqEM-00036-00025683-00025806 Which I think like iwHTEdJtqEM-00037-00025812-00027192 Maha Bali: Rather like raising a person building a person rather than educating them and in Egypt, the Ministry of Education is called the Ministry of Education and "tarbeya" so it's not only about knowledge, but it's about the cultivation of the human being type of thing. iwHTEdJtqEM-00038-00027222-00028191 Maha Bali: Okay, that isn't. I think, again, in English. There isn't one word that expresses that in that way. That becomes really easily. You know, connects with the listener. iwHTEdJtqEM-00039-00028245-00028295 francesca.helm: Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00040-00028449-00028502 francesca.helm: Interesting. iwHTEdJtqEM-00041-00028589-00029514 Maha Bali: But it's interesting to find like another language that I don't speak, which is German and I think means the same thing when I spoke to German speakers to understand Arabic that we think maybe iwHTEdJtqEM-00042-00029645-00029757 Maha Bali: What about you, what were yours? iwHTEdJtqEM-00043-00030002-00030210 francesca.helm: In Italian there's a word called iwHTEdJtqEM-00044-00030339-00030780 francesca.helm: Confrontarse and it's like a verb, and it's iwHTEdJtqEM-00045-00031064-00031866 francesca.helm: It's like comparing yourself with somebody else. So you can have a confronto so it's iwHTEdJtqEM-00046-00031869-00032292 francesca.helm: But it's kind of like it can be sharing experiences and talking about a topic. iwHTEdJtqEM-00047-00032352-00033618 francesca.helm: So, you know, we just have a conference bounty on a topic. It means we exchanged our ideas and opinions about this topic, but it can also be kind of like, in a sense, measuring yourself against somebody so iwHTEdJtqEM-00048-00033807-00034617 francesca.helm: And it's used a lot, particularly in in exchange programs and the thinking about inter cultural exchange programs, often do with the students and they always say, you know, we confronted each other, whereas in English. iwHTEdJtqEM-00049-00034638-00035103 francesca.helm: Confronted each other is more like a confrontation, it has this kind of negative connotation. iwHTEdJtqEM-00050-00035241-00036183 francesca.helm: So yeah, that that's one of the words and then another one. The students came up with was an Italian word called "boh" and iwHTEdJtqEM-00051-00036381-00036819 francesca.helm: It actually means. I don't know. But this is whole way of saying it's kind of like iwHTEdJtqEM-00052-00036945-00037611 francesca.helm: "boh" you know you shrug and you have to do the whole thing. Right. And I've done this activity with students and it came up a couple of times. iwHTEdJtqEM-00053-00038025-00038337 Maha Bali: It's really funny because it's one of those words that sounds like what it is. iwHTEdJtqEM-00054-00038439-00038667 Maha Bali: I don't know what what are those ones are called you'll know what it's called. iwHTEdJtqEM-00055-00038694-00038847 francesca.helm: It's onomatopoeic. Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00056-00038886-00039072 Maha Bali: Okay. Yeah. Well, I really like that. iwHTEdJtqEM-00057-00039096-00039146 Maha Bali: They've got like iwHTEdJtqEM-00058-00039207-00039417 francesca.helm: You know, yeah. Yeah, exactly. iwHTEdJtqEM-00059-00039495-00039545 And iwHTEdJtqEM-00060-00039759-00040125 francesca.helm: And then the other way around. This is... English words. I think there's some great English words. iwHTEdJtqEM-00061-00040197-00040512 francesca.helm: Coming out now. Like, mansplaining, I think, is a wonderful word. iwHTEdJtqEM-00062-00040596-00040650 Maha Bali: I love that word. iwHTEdJtqEM-00063-00040758-00041088 francesca.helm: And again, there isn't a way of translating that easily into Italian iwHTEdJtqEM-00064-00041229-00041655 Maha Bali: Oh, I don't think, yeah, I'm not really in the sense that it's not even a word. iwHTEdJtqEM-00065-00041805-00042069 Maha Bali: But is there. Actually, I come to think of it iwHTEdJtqEM-00066-00042204-00042846 Maha Bali: Yeah, I couldn't imagine saying it in Arabic either like how would you even explain the concept iwHTEdJtqEM-00067-00042978-00043028 francesca.helm: But it's a iwHTEdJtqEM-00068-00043089-00043308 Maha Bali: very patriarchal society. iwHTEdJtqEM-00069-00043413-00043908 francesca.helm: Yeah, similar in Italy and in English. It's just immediately obvious what it means. iwHTEdJtqEM-00070-00043998-00044048 Maha Bali: Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00071-00044067-00044220 Maha Bali: Yeah, that's true, that's true. iwHTEdJtqEM-00072-00044280-00045987 francesca.helm: You really would have to take a long time. And if it were this activity with students, you know, we do sometimes they can do make made up words you know words that you might use with your friends or words in regional dialects as well, that's another kind of variation that can be done. iwHTEdJtqEM-00073-00046032-00046179 Maha Bali: And in my context. iwHTEdJtqEM-00074-00046179-00046782 Maha Bali: Because my students are fluent English speakers but native Arabic speakers. There's a lot of what we call Anglo Arab iwHTEdJtqEM-00075-00046974-00047550 Maha Bali: The way you take, like, for example, the English roots of a verb, and then you, you iwHTEdJtqEM-00076-00047670-00049227 Maha Bali: Don't know what the word is called when you make it Arabic, ARABIC sentence but you use the English verb. So, for example, to vote in English, but in Arabic. So you say, "ana" (I) "havawet" (I will vote). iwHTEdJtqEM-00077-00049440-00049569 Maha Bali: There is an Arabic word for it but they don't iwHTEdJtqEM-00078-00049605-00049785 Maha Bali: They want to say vote so just iwHTEdJtqEM-00079-00049884-00050016 Maha Bali: Make it into an Arabic thing iwHTEdJtqEM-00080-00050055-00050436 francesca.helm: Thing I see we do, we do that in Italian to there's like chattare. iwHTEdJtqEM-00081-00050499-00050622 francesca.helm: Which is to chat in iwHTEdJtqEM-00082-00050826-00050976 francesca.helm: Googlare, I think. iwHTEdJtqEM-00083-00051222-00051447 Maha Bali: Don't you think we have one for Google in Arabic. iwHTEdJtqEM-00084-00051479-00052323 Maha Bali: I think it's because some of these words because a lot of technology, especially when you translate them into your own language, they become unfamiliar to everyone. I think iwHTEdJtqEM-00085-00052416-00053448 Maha Bali: And then they lose their, their sense of like common understanding what was the other thing you were talking about. Like if someone has a class, they don't have as much diversity in terms of iwHTEdJtqEM-00086-00053484-00054684 Maha Bali: Languages in the classroom where students don't know a lot of different languages. You said we could talk about words in the common language of the classroom, which is English or whatever it is that have different connotations in different contexts. iwHTEdJtqEM-00087-00054726-00056073 francesca.helm: I mean, I was thinking about it, you can do words. I mean, you know, words linked to emotion. So, words, words that make you feel good or kind of happy feeling words but you can also do trigger words you know words that will really iwHTEdJtqEM-00088-00056307-00056820 francesca.helm: You know that that's bring up a negative reaction in you and that could be, you know, a good, a good iwHTEdJtqEM-00089-00056982-00058278 francesca.helm: Starter, if you wanted to talk about, you know, a difficult topic about about issues and you know there are some words that whose meaning changes for different people. For example, you might have experiences related to a word people identify as something. iwHTEdJtqEM-00090-00058320-00058383 Whatever it is iwHTEdJtqEM-00091-00058440-00058563 Maha Bali: Right, right. iwHTEdJtqEM-00092-00058671-00059379 Maha Bali: The one that comes to mind is a little bit of interesting one is a lot of people who work in the field of social justice. iwHTEdJtqEM-00093-00059496-00060789 Maha Bali: really deeply are annoyed by words like inclusion and diversity and even though I understand where that's coming from sometimes that's the easiest word to use in a particular context , then you trigger the person in front of you. When you start using them. iwHTEdJtqEM-00094-00060963-00061119 Maha Bali: That's an interesting one. I think iwHTEdJtqEM-00095-00061410-00061575 Maha Bali: I was also thinking about iwHTEdJtqEM-00096-00061695-00062673 Maha Bali: Sort of how familiar people are with sort of popular culture of the language. So for example, if people when people say something sick, meaning it's really wonderful. iwHTEdJtqEM-00097-00062850-00063447 Maha Bali: It's so weird. I don't know how they come from that I know in Arabic, you do something like you say, disgusting. When you think something is awesome. iwHTEdJtqEM-00098-00063549-00063639 francesca.helm: Yeah yeah. Wicked iwHTEdJtqEM-00099-00063660-00063765 Maha Bali: Or wicked. Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00100-00063975-00064989 francesca.helm: I mean that I was thinking about that could be kind of in a words that your grandparents don't understand, for example, that I know, thinking about language that is yeah either related to pop culture or iwHTEdJtqEM-00101-00065004-00065178 Maha Bali: Like for our age our kids use them and iwHTEdJtqEM-00102-00065412-00065661 francesca.helm: The other one we were talking about the other day... mood mood. iwHTEdJtqEM-00103-00065685-00065814 Maha Bali: I yeah I still don't understand that one. iwHTEdJtqEM-00104-00065859-00065970 Maha Bali: I haven't heard it enough. iwHTEdJtqEM-00105-00066261-00067155 francesca.helm: So yeah, it's just a nice kind of activity, just to think about language and words and the meaning of words which can be used. Yeah either as a community making activity, but also iwHTEdJtqEM-00106-00067155-00067205 Awareness-raising iwHTEdJtqEM-00107-00067320-00068187 Maha Bali: Exactly. I love how it's I think both of those. It's kind of it will produce some kind of humor and bonding, but it will also make people more aware and maybe thinking more iwHTEdJtqEM-00108-00068229-00069300 Maha Bali: When they about their choices of words when they're in a conversation or when they're writing something and also recognizing that sometimes you're trying to express something. And this is not the language that's going to help you express it, and what are you gonna do iwHTEdJtqEM-00109-00069345-00069486 Maha Bali: Yeah, in that situation. iwHTEdJtqEM-00110-00069681-00069731 Maha Bali: Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00111-00069750-00069800 francesca.helm: And it's iwHTEdJtqEM-00112-00069900-00070734 francesca.helm: Aware of the difficulty of words, you know, the use of scare quotes. And I think, again, this is something on Soliya I've noticed that a lot of people use scare quotes when they use certain words right iwHTEdJtqEM-00113-00070743-00070806 Maha Bali: aha iwHTEdJtqEM-00114-00070857-00071082 francesca.helm: They know it's visually yes that iwHTEdJtqEM-00115-00071082-00071361 francesca.helm: My... is kind of challenging for that. iwHTEdJtqEM-00116-00071418-00072261 Maha Bali: It might be interesting, as you say, to sort of talk about. So what do you do when you can't find the right words to express in the language that you need to communicate in iwHTEdJtqEM-00117-00072573-00072699 Maha Bali: I really, really like this. iwHTEdJtqEM-00118-00072807-00074169 Maha Bali: Would be interesting. For example, after you do an activity like this is that when they read something or watch a video to then bring out certain things from that they find either triggers them or promotes a certain iwHTEdJtqEM-00119-00074301-00074751 Maha Bali: Sense from them, or when they're writing or reading each other's work how they're feeling about certain things. iwHTEdJtqEM-00120-00074754-00074844 francesca.helm: Yeah yeah iwHTEdJtqEM-00121-00075108-00075303 Maha Bali: Hey, do you want to say anything else about this Fran iwHTEdJtqEM-00122-00075381-00076242 francesca.helm: Oh no, that's it, really. I think well just that, you know, we have used a lot with students that again. I link it a lot to the text by Lina Mounzer that iwHTEdJtqEM-00123-00076317-00077292 francesca.helm: About war and conflict which is a very kind of emotional text, but it has the use how, you know, and again, her text is very tragic but it's about war and feelings. iwHTEdJtqEM-00124-00077352-00077451 Maha Bali: And translation. iwHTEdJtqEM-00125-00077460-00077691 francesca.helm: The work of translation. Yeah, yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00126-00077736-00078540 Maha Bali: And the violence of losing the meaning of a word and the connotation of it when you translate it, and how do you express those emotions. iwHTEdJtqEM-00127-00078606-00079521 francesca.helm: Yeah, but also the fact I think now also we're more open to using different words. And so the idea of, you know, actually using words in different languages as you write in iwHTEdJtqEM-00128-00079548-00079748 Maha Bali: And keeping them in the original language, iwHTEdJtqEM-00129-00079748-00079851 Francesca.helm: exactly yeah, keeping them in the original language. iwHTEdJtqEM-00130-00079857-00080892 francesca.helm: Which I mean why, you know, standard languages monolingualism is a kind of socially defined construct that we can kind of break out of that by using words and different languages. I think iwHTEdJtqEM-00131-00080907-00081045 Maha Bali: Actually one iwHTEdJtqEM-00132-00081096-00082026 Maha Bali: One of the things that happens when we do this is that we tend, we then discover commonalities between languages that we didn't know about. Yeah. So, for example, one of our colleagues Parisa is from Iran. iwHTEdJtqEM-00133-00082083-00082710 Maha Bali: And I know that in Iran in Persian they use... in Farsi, they use the same alphabet as Arabic iwHTEdJtqEM-00134-00082758-00083622 Maha Bali: But I didn't think we had a lot of common words and then we discovered we mostly understand. I mean, obviously not all the words. So there's certain words. iwHTEdJtqEM-00135-00083667-00084777 Maha Bali: That have the same roots and so we understand what the other person saying, even though it's slightly different. then we talk about that. And then it becomes a thing. But yeah, if you didn't use it in the first place. You'd never have discovered that iwHTEdJtqEM-00136-00084891-00085725 Maha Bali: If you just stuck to staying with the common language that we think we all understand which again we may not all understand the same thing. Even though we're using the same language. iwHTEdJtqEM-00137-00085836-00085899 francesca.helm: Exactly. iwHTEdJtqEM-00138-00085935-00086979 francesca.helm: And then in the case of my students, you know, I have a lot of international students in Italy, who don't speak Italian so again for them it's a useful activity to learn some Italian words and to understand, you know, things like "buh" which they might... you know hear a lot iwHTEdJtqEM-00139-00087351-00087486 francesca.helm: That's an easy one. If you can see people. Yeah. iwHTEdJtqEM-00140-00087672-00087795 Maha Bali: Okay, thank you very, Fran iwHTEdJtqEM-00141-00087864-00087914 francesca.helm: Thanks Maha ixlHK6-j6r0-00000-00001455-00001955 Welcome and thank you for making the time to take this Contracting Officer's Representative ixlHK6-j6r0-00001-00001955-00002184 or COR process training! ixlHK6-j6r0-00002-00002242-00002406 If you are taking this training ixlHK6-j6r0-00003-00002406-00002660 you may be responsible for nominating ixlHK6-j6r0-00004-00002686-00002784 designating ixlHK6-j6r0-00005-00002812-00003279 or acting as a COR for a Department of Defense organization or command. ixlHK6-j6r0-00006-00003338-00003652 For all service contracts, including construction ixlHK6-j6r0-00007-00003652-00003900 the Requiring Activity is responsible for ixlHK6-j6r0-00008-00003901-00004295 nominating and providing to the Procuring Contracting Officer ixlHK6-j6r0-00009-00004295-00004419 or PCO ixlHK6-j6r0-00010-00004452-00004702 the appointment personnel for COR ixlHK6-j6r0-00011-00004740-00004878 alternate COR ixlHK6-j6r0-00012-00004902-00005078 and other surveillance support personnel ixlHK6-j6r0-00013-00005116-00005205 for designation ixlHK6-j6r0-00014-00005205-00005393 assignments as necessary. ixlHK6-j6r0-00015-00005472-00005586 Once provided ixlHK6-j6r0-00016-00005586-00005786 a COR shall be designated ixlHK6-j6r0-00017-00005786-00005906 to a contract awarded ixlHK6-j6r0-00018-00005906-00006074 by a DoD component ixlHK6-j6r0-00019-00006090-00006404 or by any other Federal Agency on behalf of DoD ixlHK6-j6r0-00020-00006418-00006573 for surveillance activities ixlHK6-j6r0-00021-00006578-00006773 throughout the life of the contract. ixlHK6-j6r0-00022-00006828-00007131 The surveillance activities performed by a COR ixlHK6-j6r0-00023-00007131-00007331 shall be tailored to the dollar value ixlHK6-j6r0-00024-00007347-00007563 and complexity of the specific contract ixlHK6-j6r0-00025-00007584-00007759 for which they are designated. ixlHK6-j6r0-00026-00007806-00007998 DFARS PGI ixlHK6-j6r0-00027-00007998-00008558 201.602-2 (d) (ii) ixlHK6-j6r0-00028-00008588-00008956 and DoD 5000.72 ixlHK6-j6r0-00029-00008968-00009060 entitled ixlHK6-j6r0-00030-00009060-00009325 DoD Standard for Contracting Officer's ixlHK6-j6r0-00031-00009325-00009511 Representative Certification ixlHK6-j6r0-00032-00009540-00009804 establishes policies and standards ixlHK6-j6r0-00033-00009836-00010032 assigns responsibilities ixlHK6-j6r0-00034-00010068-00010142 and ixlHK6-j6r0-00035-00010142-00010440 provides procedures to certify CORs ixlHK6-j6r0-00036-00010448-00010721 to implement the recommendation of the DoD panel ixlHK6-j6r0-00037-00010721-00010881 on Contracting Integrity ixlHK6-j6r0-00038-00010881-00011191 set out in the 2008 report to congress. ixlHK6-j6r0-00039-00011236-00011332 Additionally ixlHK6-j6r0-00040-00011332-00011526 this regulation and instruction ixlHK6-j6r0-00041-00011526-00011816 establishes uniform guidance for identification ixlHK6-j6r0-00042-00011860-00011978 development ixlHK6-j6r0-00043-00012002-00012126 certification ixlHK6-j6r0-00044-00012148-00012326 and management of CORs ixlHK6-j6r0-00045-00012326-00012452 within the DoD ixlHK6-j6r0-00046-00012468-00012610 to ensure proper training ixlHK6-j6r0-00047-00012610-00012718 for CORs ixlHK6-j6r0-00048-00012718-00012806 designated ixlHK6-j6r0-00049-00012806-00012934 prior to award. ixlHK6-j6r0-00050-00013012-00013210 The standard is a contract based ixlHK6-j6r0-00051-00013210-00013418 progressive three tiered system ixlHK6-j6r0-00052-00013440-00013562 linked to performance ixlHK6-j6r0-00053-00013563-00013653 risk rating ixlHK6-j6r0-00054-00013653-00013883 determined by the Requiring Activity. ixlHK6-j6r0-00055-00013947-00014236 The contract rating and COR "type" ixlHK6-j6r0-00056-00014247-00014394 go hand in hand ixlHK6-j6r0-00057-00014406-00014578 and are Type "A" ixlHK6-j6r0-00058-00014597-00014719 Type "B" ixlHK6-j6r0-00059-00014734-00014894 or Type "C". ixlHK6-j6r0-00060-00014963-00015102 The "types" are ixlHK6-j6r0-00061-00015150-00015258 Type A ixlHK6-j6r0-00062-00015322-00015640 fixed-price, low performance risks; ixlHK6-j6r0-00063-00015704-00015828 Type B ixlHK6-j6r0-00064-00015896-00016062 Cost-type contracts ixlHK6-j6r0-00065-00016080-00016254 or other than low-risk ixlHK6-j6r0-00066-00016254-00016488 fixed price contract requirements ixlHK6-j6r0-00067-00016540-00016612 and ixlHK6-j6r0-00068-00016624-00016722 Type C ixlHK6-j6r0-00069-00016752-00016928 Unique contract requirements that ixlHK6-j6r0-00070-00016928-00017160 necessitate a professional license ixlHK6-j6r0-00071-00017160-00017292 higher education ixlHK6-j6r0-00072-00017316-00017530 or specialized training. ixlHK6-j6r0-00073-00017618-00017828 Beyond required COR Training ixlHK6-j6r0-00074-00017856-00018000 the nominated individuals ixlHK6-j6r0-00075-00018000-00018284 shall have the relevant technical expertise ixlHK6-j6r0-00076-00018320-00018444 experience ixlHK6-j6r0-00077-00018444-00018658 and required competencies needed ixlHK6-j6r0-00078-00018658-00018916 for the specified level or COR Type. ixlHK6-j6r0-00079-00019002-00019244 Competencies for Consideration are ixlHK6-j6r0-00080-00019278-00019356 One ixlHK6-j6r0-00081-00019386-00019584 Relevant Technical Experience ixlHK6-j6r0-00082-00019604-00020038 in which one has agency experience at a 6 to 12 month minimum ixlHK6-j6r0-00083-00020038-00020338 which may be waived by the requiring activity. ixlHK6-j6r0-00084-00020396-00020476 Two ixlHK6-j6r0-00085-00020508-00020930 Relevant technical experience as determined by the nominating supervisor ixlHK6-j6r0-00086-00020938-00021254 for PCO consideration and appointment. ixlHK6-j6r0-00087-00021310-00021384 Three ixlHK6-j6r0-00088-00021424-00021888 General Abilities in which CORs should possess the following abilities ixlHK6-j6r0-00089-00021946-00022088 attention to detail ixlHK6-j6r0-00090-00022142-00022286 decision making ixlHK6-j6r0-00091-00022306-00022428 flexibility ixlHK6-j6r0-00092-00022472-00022702 oral & written communication skills ixlHK6-j6r0-00093-00022732-00022864 problem solving ixlHK6-j6r0-00094-00022882-00023118 reasoning and teamwork. ixlHK6-j6r0-00095-00023166-00023248 Four ixlHK6-j6r0-00096-00023288-00023738 Technical Skills where CORS should possess the following abilities ixlHK6-j6r0-00097-00023778-00023982 effective analytical skills ixlHK6-j6r0-00098-00024036-00024212 business ethics ixlHK6-j6r0-00099-00024258-00024468 defining Government requirements ixlHK6-j6r0-00100-00024506-00024706 and knowledge of the contract. ixlHK6-j6r0-00101-00024760-00024846 AND ixlHK6-j6r0-00102-00024860-00024942 Five ixlHK6-j6r0-00103-00024964-00025164 COR Training ixlHK6-j6r0-00104-00025188-00025488 Training requirements for CORs are set forth ixlHK6-j6r0-00105-00025488-00025712 within an Enclosure of DoD Instruction ixlHK6-j6r0-00106-00025738-00025983 Number 5000.72. ixlHK6-j6r0-00107-00026039-00026280 COR Refresher Training is required ixlHK6-j6r0-00108-00026280-00026658 and is also referenced within the enclosure to this instruction. ixlHK6-j6r0-00109-00026744-00026918 Upon the PCO's approval ixlHK6-j6r0-00110-00026918-00027194 the Contracting Officer's Representative Tool ixlHK6-j6r0-00111-00027214-00027295 or CORT ixlHK6-j6r0-00112-00027295-00027397 shall be used ixlHK6-j6r0-00113-00027397-00027607 to complete the COR nomination ixlHK6-j6r0-00114-00027633-00027986 assuring the needed documentation of training and certification ixlHK6-j6r0-00115-00027986-00028188 is uploaded and on record ixlHK6-j6r0-00116-00028214-00028516 along with OGE-450 verification ixlHK6-j6r0-00117-00028536-00028852 a copy of the Quality Assurance Surveillance Plan ixlHK6-j6r0-00118-00028882-00029139 and documentation of COR supervisor ixlHK6-j6r0-00119-00029139-00029324 and PCO verification ixlHK6-j6r0-00120-00029352-00029444 and approval ixlHK6-j6r0-00121-00029462-00029842 and accomplished of the required COR designation letter. ixlHK6-j6r0-00122-00029894-00029989 Just remember ixlHK6-j6r0-00123-00029989-00030144 it's a three tiered system ixlHK6-j6r0-00124-00030168-00030424 and that the requirements are aligned by tier. ixlHK6-j6r0-00125-00030483-00030924 Keep a copy of all up-to-date policies and regulations for your reference ixlHK6-j6r0-00126-00030936-00031283 in addition to the reference list that will follow this training. ixlHK6-j6r0-00127-00031312-00031468 Thanks again for watching! ixxI-_oEzEA-00000-00000098-00000547 Welcome to the first video in a series on how to teach your students about Wikipedia. ixxI-_oEzEA-00001-00000547-00001057 This segment is designed for high school teachers and assumes no previous experience with Wikipedia. ixxI-_oEzEA-00002-00001057-00001579 It may serve as a refresher or to introduce other educators to what is possible when working ixxI-_oEzEA-00003-00001579-00001759 with Wikipedia. ixxI-_oEzEA-00004-00001759-00001978 This video is five minutes long. ixxI-_oEzEA-00005-00001978-00002248 My name is Jennifer; I work at the public library. ixxI-_oEzEA-00006-00002248-00002607 If you have any questions, my contact information is on the last slide. ixxI-_oEzEA-00007-00002607-00003099 In the next few moments I will zip through eight webpages: Wikipedia’s own websites ixxI-_oEzEA-00008-00003099-00003788 on how to begin editing, their advice to instructors, Wikipedia’s 90-min training module for educators, ixxI-_oEzEA-00009-00003788-00004315 an introduction to Wikipedia’s Ambassadors, online or in your region, Ambassador Assignment ixxI-_oEzEA-00010-00004315-00004798 Assistance, video instructions for those so minded, and Wikipedia’s Article Wizard, ixxI-_oEzEA-00011-00004798-00005117 and Wikipedia’s user tutorial. ixxI-_oEzEA-00012-00005117-00005341 First, the new contributors page. ixxI-_oEzEA-00013-00005341-00005902 Whether you are ready to edit a misspelling in an article, update a broken link, or seeking ixxI-_oEzEA-00014-00005902-00006270 Wikipedia’s Orientation Tutorial, this page will guide you on. ixxI-_oEzEA-00015-00006270-00006872 Second, Wikimedia, Wikipedia’s parent body, has spent a few years working with educators ixxI-_oEzEA-00016-00006872-00007420 at several levels to create share-ready ideas, suggestions, and curriculum for you and your ixxI-_oEzEA-00017-00007420-00007525 classroom. ixxI-_oEzEA-00018-00007525-00007925 This page offers six paragraphs of advice. ixxI-_oEzEA-00019-00007925-00008425 The third page is the beginning of Wikipedia’s orientation for educators. ixxI-_oEzEA-00020-00008425-00008857 Wikipedia estimates ninety minutes for completion, but if you are aware of Wikipedia’s policies, ixxI-_oEzEA-00021-00008857-00009242 guidelines, or editing techniques, it could be less time. ixxI-_oEzEA-00022-00009242-00009768 Of note in this training is the 12-week lesson plan (in PDF format) you may customize. ixxI-_oEzEA-00023-00009768-00010308 There is a mirror site, aimed at college students, if you wish to “flip the classroom”: assign ixxI-_oEzEA-00024-00010308-00010822 the modules for homework and discuss the information in class the next day. ixxI-_oEzEA-00025-00010822-00011317 The fourth page explores several elements for Wikipedia-based assignments. ixxI-_oEzEA-00026-00011317-00011867 Wikipedia offers several methods for students to contribute and for teachers to grade contributions, ixxI-_oEzEA-00027-00011867-00012396 for example the sandbox where users may draft new articles, sections for improvement, or ixxI-_oEzEA-00028-00012396-00012597 templates and boxes. ixxI-_oEzEA-00029-00012597-00013054 Other options include tracing “contributions” of a user or viewing a page’s history of ixxI-_oEzEA-00030-00013054-00013680 edits to see what a student added before an editor or bot reverted the article. ixxI-_oEzEA-00031-00013680-00014182 The fifth webpage is a Youtube channel of how-to instructional videos, covering much ixxI-_oEzEA-00032-00014182-00014416 of the same material. ixxI-_oEzEA-00033-00014416-00015025 Wikipedia instruction may appeal to the visual, aural, verbal, sequential, hands-on, or collaborative ixxI-_oEzEA-00034-00015025-00015180 learner. ixxI-_oEzEA-00035-00015180-00015663 The sixth page may be your starting point if editing Wikipedia remains out of reach. ixxI-_oEzEA-00036-00015663-00015975 Wikipedia’s Article Wizard may serve two purposes. ixxI-_oEzEA-00037-00015975-00016441 On the surface, it helps students understand what is involved in creating an article likely ixxI-_oEzEA-00038-00016441-00017122 to survive Wikipedia’s bots (machines searching for obvious errors in Wikipedia, such as bias ixxI-_oEzEA-00039-00017122-00017335 or lack of citation). ixxI-_oEzEA-00040-00017335-00017818 At a deeper level, the same questions can help students assess any book, article, or ixxI-_oEzEA-00041-00017818-00018111 resource for research. ixxI-_oEzEA-00042-00018111-00018683 The wizard’s fourth tab, “Sources,” covers reputation, authority, with good and ixxI-_oEzEA-00043-00018683-00019030 bad examples. ixxI-_oEzEA-00044-00019030-00019482 The seventh webpage builds on the previous one or may be a third starting point for teaching ixxI-_oEzEA-00045-00019482-00019706 students how to use Wikipedia. ixxI-_oEzEA-00046-00019706-00020209 Specifically, the cautionary statement about citing any encyclopedia in your research with ixxI-_oEzEA-00047-00020209-00020715 a suggestion to pursue the footnote and original source. ixxI-_oEzEA-00048-00020715-00021158 The eighth and final page is the beginning Tutorial on all things Wikipedia. ixxI-_oEzEA-00049-00021158-00021759 The extensive tutorial is available as a book, in print or free online, but this is another ixxI-_oEzEA-00050-00021759-00022173 alternative point to begin, or flip, classroom instruction. ixxI-_oEzEA-00051-00022173-00022677 Some of the strongest concepts to teach on this page discuss citing your sources, learning ixxI-_oEzEA-00052-00022677-00023178 professional debate on the talk pages, and exploring critical thinking skills in the ixxI-_oEzEA-00053-00023178-00023329 “Keep in Mind” tab. ixxI-_oEzEA-00054-00023329-00023854 The “Wrap-up” tab offers links to tutorials on writing neutral viewpoints, understanding ixxI-_oEzEA-00055-00023854-00024387 what makes a great article, and the five pillars of Wikipedia (which helps students understand ixxI-_oEzEA-00056-00024387-00025010 what to expect from this resource in contrast to print or other electronic sites). ixxI-_oEzEA-00057-00025010-00025384 That wraps up this introduction to teaching Wikipedia in the classroom. ixxI-_oEzEA-00058-00025384-00025838 If you have any questions about the Ambassador program, defending Wikipedia with parents ixxI-_oEzEA-00059-00025838-00026433 or administrators, “flipping the classroom” with online modules, critical thinking or ixxI-_oEzEA-00060-00026433-00027149 information literacy instruction, etc. please contact me, Jennifer, at the public library, ixxI-_oEzEA-00061-00027149-00027712 555-555-5555 or by email Jennifer at library dot gov. ixxI-_oEzEA-00062-00027712-00028111 Thank you for your time; I look forward to working with you and your students. ixxI-_oEzEA-00063-00028111-00028211 � izdwuhAZnDu-00000-00000000-00002928 В проект T.O.R.N.A.P.A.R.T. (ХАРЬКОВ) ТРЕБУЮТСЯ: СОЛО-ГИТАРИСТ И БАРАБАНЩИК СО СВОИМ КАРДАНОМ, остальные участники уже знаютвсе свои партии песен для выступлений и для записи на студии! izeHYpnHxLE-00000-00000000-00000200 Welcome to Undertale's draw my life izeHYpnHxLE-00001-00000230-00000454 Before starting . we have a brief notice izeHYpnHxLE-00002-00000466-00000806 undertail is a game that must be played without knowing details about its story . izeHYpnHxLE-00003-00000842-00001214 so we recommend that you live your own gaming experience before watching this video izeHYpnHxLE-00004-00001248-00001644 Many years ago the world was divided into two races . the humans . and the monsters izeHYpnHxLE-00005-00001696-00001973 The soul of humans was much more powerful than that of the monsters izeHYpnHxLE-00006-00001994-00002618 but many legends predicted that if a monster absorbed the soul of a human . it would obtain an incalculable power . capable of destroying any race izeHYpnHxLE-00007-00002742-00003270 the fear that this would happen , forced humans to provoke a bloody war that resulted in an overwhelming victory of humanity izeHYpnHxLE-00008-00003358-00003614 the terrifying beings were expelled from the surface izeHYpnHxLE-00009-00003654-00004070 exiled to the underground . and locked up . thanks to a magical barrier imposed by humans izeHYpnHxLE-00010-00004144-00004416 centuries later . a legend begins to emerge izeHYpnHxLE-00011-00004422-00004676 Everyone who climbs Mount Ebott . never returns izeHYpnHxLE-00012-00004682-00004967 precisely on mount ebott . begins the adventure of undertail izeHYpnHxLE-00013-00005000-00005344 when our protagonist . Frisk . falls through an abyss . and wakes up underground izeHYpnHxLE-00014-00005415-00005755 Frisk must destroy the magic barrier located in kingAsgore's castle izeHYpnHxLE-00015-00005778-00006126 but throughout their epic . they discover that their mission is the same as Asgore's izeHYpnHxLE-00016-00006136-00006523 that they needs 7 human souls to be able to break the barrier . and free the monsters izeHYpnHxLE-00017-00006581-00006881 well . the rest of the story . we let you discover it yourself izeHYpnHxLE-00018-00006894-00007274 where does this game come from . and why has it caused so much rage among critics and players izeHYpnHxLE-00019-00007302-00007678 This role-playing video game was developed by Toby Fox with Game Maker Studio izeHYpnHxLE-00020-00007712-00008136 and was released on September 15 , 2015 . for Windows . Mac . and Linux izeHYpnHxLE-00021-00008145-00008673 days before it could be downloaded . among the recommended requirements to play undertail . very absurd data came out izeHYpnHxLE-00022-00008738-00008974 Windows 90 million operating system izeHYpnHxLE-00023-00008985-00009301 a processor fast enough to play 9000 songs persecond izeHYpnHxLE-00024-00009315-00009579 999 gigabytes of RAM izeHYpnHxLE-00025-00009591-00009875 or a sound card that lets you play music like a live orchestra izeHYpnHxLE-00026-00009910-00010315 before its release . the game was going to last 2 hours and 15 minutes izeHYpnHxLE-00027-00010317-00010735 but the success of a previous campaign , forced Toby Fox to increase the duration up to 6 hours izeHYpnHxLE-00028-00010750-00011010 this , of course . delayed the release date a whole year izeHYpnHxLE-00029-00011079-00011331 lets now meet some of the main characters of the game izeHYpnHxLE-00030-00011410-00011718 Frisk is the protagonist and its not clear what their gender is izeHYpnHxLE-00031-00011733-00012137 in fact their name is not revealed until the end . and the monsters refer to them as the human izeHYpnHxLE-00032-00012210-00012566 like Frisk . we will have to continually make decisions during our adventure izeHYpnHxLE-00033-00012578-00012897 and all of them will have consequences in the development of the story izeHYpnHxLE-00034-00012931-00013315 as soon as we start our adventure . we run into Flowey . a yellow flower that speaks izeHYpnHxLE-00035-00013328-00013819 under innocent pretenses . hides a cruel and ruthless beast . that will always know what we have done in the game izeHYpnHxLE-00036-00013822-00014186 even if we delete the game . Flowey will notice . and the game will not start normally izeHYpnHxLE-00037-00014240-00014676 Then we will meet Toriel . an anthropomorphic goat . guardian of the ruins in which Frisk falls into izeHYpnHxLE-00038-00014740-00015036 she will help us to know the basics of the game and the battle system izeHYpnHxLE-00039-00015044-00015584 she acts as a mother figure towards Frisk . and keeps a certain relationship with Asgore . which we will discover during the game izeHYpnHxLE-00040-00015608-00015896 Sans and Papyrus are a duo of endearing skeletons izeHYpnHxLE-00041-00015936-00016372 these brothers have a pretty black humor . and their names come from the fonts comic sans and papyrus izeHYpnHxLE-00042-00016438-00016618 which also appear when they speak izeHYpnHxLE-00043-00016630-00017086 behind Sans' carefree attitude . one of the deepest and most important characters in the game is found izeHYpnHxLE-00044-00017224-00017536 later we will also meet Napstablook . a melancholic ghost. izeHYpnHxLE-00045-00017556-00017736 a yellow lizard named Alfis, izeHYpnHxLE-00046-00017748-00018040 the powerful and peculiar Undyne . the robot names Metaton izeHYpnHxLE-00047-00018046-00018198 Muffet the queen of spiders izeHYpnHxLE-00048-00018211-00018523 even a doggie that represents the creator of the game Toby Fox izeHYpnHxLE-00049-00018544-00019192 One of the most original details of undertail . is that its characters occasionally speak directly to the player . and are aware of the games previously played izeHYpnHxLE-00050-00019278-00019634 thus skipping the fourth wall and giving this video game a completely new dimension izeHYpnHxLE-00051-00019740-00020016 Another of the strengths of undertail is its combat system. izeHYpnHxLE-00052-00020075-00020595 Each opponent has a different behavior . and we must understand them to avoid their attacks . talk to them . and forgive them izeHYpnHxLE-00053-00020655-00020875 or destroy them by attacking their weak points izeHYpnHxLE-00054-00020902-00021218 player decisions will have a radical impact on the end of the game izeHYpnHxLE-00055-00021268-00021552 resulting in multiple endings grouped into three routes izeHYpnHxLE-00056-00021564-00021856 pacifist . if we pass the game without harming any monsters izeHYpnHxLE-00057-00021866-00022266 genocidal . being bloodthirsty and ruthless . eliminating all the monsters we cross izeHYpnHxLE-00058-00022296-00022501 and a mixture of both . which is neutral. izeHYpnHxLE-00059-00022510-00023130 If after completing the game with one of the three routes . you start the game again . this will be taken into account . modifying the original story izeHYpnHxLE-00060-00023138-00023614 only by completely uninstalling Undertail and deleting all hidden files . is when we can start it from scratch izeHYpnHxLE-00061-00023644-00023988 if you have not begun to live your own story of undertail . this is the moment izeHYpnHxLE-00062-00023992-00024114 how are you going to play it izeHYpnHxLE-00063-00024117-00024353 and this has been the draw my life of Undertail izeHYpnHxLE-00064-00024354-00024567 If you liked it . give it a like . and share it izeHYpnHxLE-00065-00024569-00024972 and comment with what you want our next draw my life to be i-7Qb9cnbTc-00000-00000158-00000361 How ... are you here i-7Qb9cnbTc-00001-00000398-00000591 Were you with another woman last Christmas? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00002-00000605-00000745 Have you found out for a long time? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00003-00000745-00000858 Month ago. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00004-00000888-00001208 - Do you feel betrayed? - Yes. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00005-00001208-00001401 - Are you offended? - Yes. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00006-00001418-00001531 Let's break up. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00007-00001545-00001745 Do you love another? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00008-00001745-00001845 No. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00009-00001845-00002055 You do not love me anymore? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00010-00002055-00002161 I like. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00011-00002195-00002298 Then why?! i-7Qb9cnbTc-00012-00002318-00002601 If a guy breaks up with a girl, then it's over. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00013-00002815-00003101 Next time do not ask: "Why?" i-7Qb9cnbTc-00014-00003101-00003341 Just slap in the face and leave. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00015-00003375-00003501 Do you come in or not? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00016-00003511-00003908 If you cut my hair off,I'll sue you. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00017-00005118-00005445 Will know how to cut Kim Sung-Sung's hair! i-7Qb9cnbTc-00018-00005475-00005698 What a rude, worthless type! i-7Qb9cnbTc-00019-00005761-00005891 Wait! i-7Qb9cnbTc-00020-00005921-00006125 Why is he chasing me? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00021-00006138-00006411 That cake ... You said you cooked it yourself? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00022-00006425-00006581 Yes, myself. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00023-00006588-00007175 Come tomorrow at 3 o’clock with a resume and bring some cakes. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00024-00007238-00007381 Name: Kim Sam-Sung. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00025-00007441-00007608 And you are quite old. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00026-00007621-00008015 Do not be distracted, read. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00027-00008025-00008261 So you are accepted. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00028-00008281-00008551 Working day from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00029-00008565-00009065 Call me Kim Hi-jin or look for another pastry chef. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00030-00009078-00009555 And how much alcohol have you poured into your girlfriend that she is in such a state? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00031-00009568-00009745 It wasn't me. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00032-00009761-00009955 Why are you here? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00033-00010025-00010151 Because this is my home. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00034-00010158-00010521 Take a shower, you stink. They'll bring your dry cleaning clothes soon. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00035-00010655-00010901 You know what the worst thing a guy can do with a girl? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00036-00010975-00011261 Rape her drunk. And act as if nothing had happened. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00037-00011278-00011581 Who would rape a girl who urinated on his back? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00038-00011645-00011778 Don't smile like that. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00039-00011808-00012008 Do you know how awful I feel? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00040-00012221-00012555 Do you know how disgusting I felt at night thanks to you? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00041-00012561-00012894 We ... Let's meet? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00042-00013101-00013378 You think it's worth pretending for your mom that we're dating? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00043-00013405-00013568 I can’t participate in this lie. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00044-00013581-00013881 Let me ask you one question. Why me? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00045-00013891-00014075 Because we don’t like each other. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00046-00014085-00014305 Miss Hee-jin, you are late. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00047-00014325-00014685 Do not scold her so much. She was late because she slept with me. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00048-00014788-00015125 That sentence ... i-7Qb9cnbTc-00049-00015141-00015341 Is it still valid? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00050-00015344-00015431 Yes. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00051-00015441-00015625 How much do you need? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00052-00015885-00016044 50,000,000. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00053-00016055-00016258 I'll give the money as soon as I can. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00054-00016275-00016505 If you play your part well, you will not need to give anything back. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00055-00016548-00016835 What are you doing? Where are we going? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00056-00016841-00017108 We are really dating i-7Qb9cnbTc-00057-00017125-00017265 already 2 months. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00058-00017301-00017401 Love contract. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00059-00017401-00017608 No intimate relationship. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00060-00017608-00017998 What man would want this with someone like you? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00061-00018338-00018498 What? Do not you like it? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00062-00018525-00019001 No, I like it. What does “no cheating” mean? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00063-00019098-00019518 You and I have a fake relationship, but I can't let you date someone else. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00064-00019581-00019741 Except me, don't date anyone. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00065-00019748-00019981 Oppa, why are you here? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00066-00019998-00020141 I can ask you the same thing. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00067-00020141-00020305 I came with my young man to eat cakes. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00068-00020321-00020478 I heard that you have a girlfriend. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00069-00020915-00021318 Let me introduce you to my girlfriend. Kim Sam Sun. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00070-00021331-00021475 You are kicking. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00071-00021735-00022058 When you wake up, you will receive from me. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00072-00022805-00023015 Oh god i-7Qb9cnbTc-00073-00023178-00023441 Do not tempt me. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00074-00023475-00023705 Are you awake? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00075-00023728-00024088 Cast off your innocent look. And why do you seem so confused? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00076-00024105-00024458 Did you really sleep here? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00077-00024458-00024811 Do you think that after sleeping elsewhere, in the morning I came to cook breakfast? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00078-00024818-00025288 You gripped me tightly. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00079-00025298-00025648 You've been bothering me all night. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00080-00025648-00026018 You didn't even let me sleep. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00081-00026018-00026364 I'm so tired. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00082-00027168-00027401 I need to tell you something. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00083-00027418-00027668 Don't leave. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00084-00027675-00027901 She is my girlfriend. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00085-00027905-00028221 You can talk. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00086-00028221-00028625 I do not want any secrets from my girlfriend. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00087-00028645-00028821 According to the contract, I will help you. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00088-00028821-00029078 But don't use me just because you feel bad. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00089-00029108-00029471 Can we talk? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00090-00029485-00029891 When did you start dating? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00091-00029891-00030121 Recently. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00092-00030138-00030375 - Have you met his family? - Yes. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00093-00030375-00030595 And they approved your relationship? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00094-00030595-00030898 Yes, they allowed us to meet. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00095-00030911-00031078 Have you met for a long time? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00096-00031078-00031214 3 years. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00097-00031231-00031598 Do you want to start all over again? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00098-00031598-00031855 We never parted with him. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00099-00031855-00032068 We didn't break off our relationship. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00100-00032085-00032538 I really love my boss, no ... I love Jin-Hong. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00101-00032538-00032841 So please do not get between us. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00102-00032858-00032991 I'm saying we didn't break up. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00103-00032991-00033438 Only so do you say. Jin-Hong said he didn’t love you anymore. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00104-00033438-00033645 He's just pretending. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00105-00033658-00033921 You are insensitive. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00106-00033921-00034391 Not a single word in 3 years. And now you are back and want me to back down? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00107-00034398-00034758 - We did not part - But now he is meeting with me. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00108-00034758-00035085 Only 100 days. And we were together for 8 years. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00109-00035091-00035458 Just leave us alone. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00110-00035461-00035845 No. You will leave. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00111-00035851-00036031 Ajumma, you really ... i-7Qb9cnbTc-00112-00036031-00036278 You call me achjumma. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00113-00037595-00037895 Do you know how to laugh? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00114-00037985-00038271 I see it for the first time. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00115-00038281-00038681 I went in, tired of waiting outside. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00116-00038695-00039175 I met Kim Hee-jin a couple of days ago. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00117-00039188-00039378 Do you love her? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00118-00039395-00039611 Will you marry her? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00119-00039618-00039871 It doesn't concern you. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00120-00040141-00040368 What are you doing? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00121-00040378-00040798 You said you want to tell me something. Explain to me why you left me? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00122-00040798-00041035 Or something else? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00123-00041048-00041515 A week after the accident, you left to study without saying a word. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00124-00041525-00042051 You didn’t want to see that I was lame or did you have someone else? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00125-00042051-00042318 To stop thinking about you, i-7Qb9cnbTc-00126-00042318-00042695 I took sleeping pills and slept for weeks. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00127-00042711-00043188 I know that it hurts you. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00128-00043188-00043471 But please stop pretending. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00129-00043581-00043888 You are disgusting to me. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00130-00044281-00044515 Come out. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00131-00044628-00045001 Will you break up with her if I get out of the Elevator? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00132-00045001-00045138 - Come out. - Break up with her. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00133-00045138-00045261 - Come out! - First say it. i-7Qb9cnbTc-00134-00047055-00047131 How are you? i-7Qb9cnbTc-00135-00047215-00047791 I asked not to meet me at the airport, but I hoped that you would come ... i-7Qb9cnbTc-00136-00048018-00048121 Are you okay? i-efUICji7M-00000-00000858-00001242 So, auto-centric development and private car ownership is unsustainable for our future i-efUICji7M-00001-00001242-00001342 city. i-efUICji7M-00002-00001342-00001784 It is crucial that we find alternative solutions. i-efUICji7M-00003-00001784-00002066 This is congestion in China. i-efUICji7M-00004-00002066-00002484 And in traffic congestion, a last mile problem, currently there are two trends that's fighting i-efUICji7M-00005-00002484-00002916 with this problem: ride sharing which is on demand, convenient, and bike sharing which i-efUICji7M-00006-00002916-00003027 is flexible and affordable. i-efUICji7M-00007-00003027-00003543 What we're doing at MIT is bringing together the best of both system when we present the i-efUICji7M-00008-00003543-00003846 persuasive electric vehicle. i-efUICji7M-00009-00003846-00004113 This is the first time we're showing this video. i-efUICji7M-00010-00004113-00004630 PEV is a lightweight, autonomous vehicle that's designed for share use. i-efUICji7M-00011-00004630-00004926 It deliver package and also transport people. i-efUICji7M-00012-00004926-00005470 So the user experience of using PEV, you can use your app and drop a ping on the map, and i-efUICji7M-00013-00005470-00005723 PEV will arrive shortly. i-efUICji7M-00014-00005723-00006126 When the passenger is on the PEV, PEV work as a electric tricycle. i-efUICji7M-00015-00006126-00006394 It's very normal and intuitive that you can ride. i-efUICji7M-00016-00006394-00006728 But, on the other hand, when you're riding PEV on the park, met your friends, you can i-efUICji7M-00017-00006728-00007242 actually get off the vehicle and switch to E-donkey mode where the PV will follow you i-efUICji7M-00018-00007242-00007709 and carry your grocery where you can have conversation with your friend. i-efUICji7M-00019-00007709-00008404 PEV it has a sophisticated human machine interface, where the researchers at MIT could explore i-efUICji7M-00020-00008404-00009088 not only the self driving technology, but also the social interface and how these low i-efUICji7M-00021-00009088-00009300 speed robots can work in the low speed environment. i-efUICji7M-00022-00009300-00009932 Such as giving the eye and we're hoping that in the future we can see this vehicle, we i-efUICji7M-00023-00009932-00010392 can use these vehicles on your campus or in the closed environment and transporting you i-efUICji7M-00024-00010392-00010541 from point A to point B. i-efUICji7M-00025-00010541-00011199 This is a bit longer but it's going be coming up. i-efUICji7M-00026-00011199-00011867 So this is academia and research collaboration between MIT, Tensile, and also Type Attack. i-efUICji7M-00027-00011867-00012303 With the support from the Type Attack and the students, we work very closely bring this i-efUICji7M-00028-00012303-00012465 vehicle to life. i-efUICji7M-00029-00012465-00012914 But before I talked about the next journey of the PEV research, I would like to recap i-efUICji7M-00030-00012914-00013170 a couple of important prototypes in the past. i-efUICji7M-00031-00013170-00013691 So in 2016 CS we actually, we demonstrate this concept vehicle. i-efUICji7M-00032-00013691-00014159 The idea is that the future self driving car could be friendly and you could be lightweight. i-efUICji7M-00033-00014159-00014623 Logically then we designed more of a bank like vehicle that was legal in bike lanes. i-efUICji7M-00034-00014623-00014802 Can we turn off the music? i-efUICji7M-00035-00014802-00014902 Thank you. i-efUICji7M-00036-00014902-00015043 And then, so this is the engineering prototype. i-efUICji7M-00037-00015043-00015398 After a few months working, we launched this engineering prototype. i-efUICji7M-00038-00015398-00015954 This prototype allows the users to quickly hack and experiment different ideas. i-efUICji7M-00039-00015954-00016263 Next slide please. i-efUICji7M-00040-00016263-00016834 All right. i-efUICji7M-00041-00016834-00017403 And then this is a living lab experiment that we like to run in Taipei. i-efUICji7M-00042-00017403-00017809 This experiment, putting our research in the real world, allowed the researcher to understand i-efUICji7M-00043-00017809-00018096 better how this vehicle would work in a low speed environment. i-efUICji7M-00044-00018096-00019184 It also helped us to validate and optimize our system. i-efUICji7M-00045-00019184-00019614 Next slide. i-efUICji7M-00046-00019614-00020001 Sorry about this hiccup. i-efUICji7M-00047-00020001-00020574 So basically this is a new refined prototype based on the previous testing results. i-efUICji7M-00048-00020574-00021207 So we package and we identify the practical systems and put in into a modularized architecture. i-efUICji7M-00049-00021207-00021795 And in corroboration with Tensile we're also exploring a thermal seat. i-efUICji7M-00050-00021795-00022362 And ice cream, delivering for the code, delivering and also facial recognition for user identification. i-efUICji7M-00051-00022362-00022904 And right now we're working on these thousand dollar PEV platform where we're hoping to i-efUICji7M-00052-00022904-00023343 [inaudible 00:04:45] the mobility and we want to invite our network and our friends and i-efUICji7M-00053-00023343-00024084 the network to join our future research journey. i-efUICji7M-00054-00024084-00024211 So this is like zero to one. i-efUICji7M-00055-00024211-00024345 So we provide a zero to one. i-efUICji7M-00056-00024345-00024922 At MIT we treasure the sharing of knowledge and we like to build ideas on top of each i-efUICji7M-00057-00024922-00025022 other. i-efUICji7M-00058-00025022-00025361 And then we're hoping that one day we can turn this research into a movement where people i-efUICji7M-00059-00025361-00025722 are around the world from different parts of the world, they have the tool and the knowledge i-efUICji7M-00060-00025722-00025906 to build your own self driving car. i-efUICji7M-00061-00025906-00025956 Thank you. i_EyBM-SLm0-00000-00000080-00000784 our video has gotten more than 150 views over the last three hours, i_EyBM-SLm0-00001-00000784-00001464 which is a little bit less than usual, but i think this is more than i expected from twice's video. i_EyBM-SLm0-00002-00001520-00002168 i never got that many views from you before, and also, what? how is it possible? iLZtyAgSyig-00000-00000000-00000200 C Programming iPAGOQn5E78-00000-00000523-00000660 - [Voiceover] Hi, my name is Marcus Silas. iPAGOQn5E78-00001-00000734-00001134 I'm a T7, T8 complete with a severed spinal cord. iPAGOQn5E78-00002-00001235-00001375 It was about that far apart when they iPAGOQn5E78-00003-00001375-00001532 found me at my accident. iPAGOQn5E78-00004-00001687-00001921 I've been in a chair, it's gonna be 11 years. iPAGOQn5E78-00005-00002002-00002483 I was in a traffic accident in March of '05. iPAGOQn5E78-00006-00002599-00002763 I woke up from a coma 10 days later, iPAGOQn5E78-00007-00002791-00002990 and they told me, "You got rear ended by a diesel." iPAGOQn5E78-00008-00003308-00003728 Man, to be honest with you, I didn't do nothing iPAGOQn5E78-00009-00003728-00003836 for five years. iPAGOQn5E78-00010-00003894-00004141 I literally laid around, and I thought that, iPAGOQn5E78-00011-00004141-00004333 you know, life was over as it was. iPAGOQn5E78-00012-00004398-00004691 When the gym just opened, they had a basketball tournament, iPAGOQn5E78-00013-00004816-00004975 and a friend of mine invited me to come watch it. iPAGOQn5E78-00014-00005079-00005388 So I came to see the game, and I got inspired. iPAGOQn5E78-00015-00005553-00005656 Then I got into soccer, iPAGOQn5E78-00016-00005754-00006036 and I've been the captain for the last three years too, so. iPAGOQn5E78-00017-00006069-00006222 Good David. iPAGOQn5E78-00018-00006304-00006387 Again, again. iPAGOQn5E78-00019-00006535-00006939 Since then, man, I'm back hunting again, I hunt. iPAGOQn5E78-00020-00006981-00007247 And I'm a mentor for people in wheelchairs, iPAGOQn5E78-00021-00007324-00007635 to let them know not to do what I did, stay home. iPAGOQn5E78-00022-00007767-00007952 I have children and I have grandkids. iPAGOQn5E78-00023-00008026-00008199 The kids, you know, I didn't want them to see me iPAGOQn5E78-00024-00008199-00008377 just lay down and do nothing, you know? iPAGOQn5E78-00025-00008495-00008627 Man, this is life again for me. iPAGOQn5E78-00026-00008697-00009061 I mean, it's got me, it's actually built up my confidence, iPAGOQn5E78-00027-00009147-00009350 it opened my eyes up to another, iPAGOQn5E78-00028-00009395-00009646 to realize that I do have a long life to live, you know? iPAGOQn5E78-00029-00009752-00009984 I mean, just being around guys, iPAGOQn5E78-00030-00010012-00010310 and able to talk about our disabilities, iPAGOQn5E78-00031-00010387-00010630 and let each other know, you know, iPAGOQn5E78-00032-00010639-00010840 what helps and what doesn't help, you know. iPAGOQn5E78-00033-00010877-00011064 This is, this is about. iPAGOQn5E78-00034-00011459-00011607 That's what you are, goal. iPAGOQn5E78-00035-00011692-00011853 Like, when you get around a bunch of guys iPAGOQn5E78-00036-00011853-00012043 that we all know, we're just a bunch of normal guys, iPAGOQn5E78-00037-00012064-00012328 that's it, and you know, we could put you iPAGOQn5E78-00038-00012328-00012576 in a soccer chair, and you'd be a normal guy too, iPAGOQn5E78-00039-00012576-00012715 right with us, you know? iRhIBWU3m80-00000-00001080-00001219 My name is Cindy Cohn, iRhIBWU3m80-00001-00001219-00001630 I am the executive director of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. iRhIBWU3m80-00002-00001630-00002128 The EFF is the leading digital civil liberties organization in the world. iRhIBWU3m80-00003-00002128-00002402 We're based in San Francisco. iRhIBWU3m80-00004-00002402-00002550 And, we work to make sure that iRhIBWU3m80-00005-00002550-00002755 your free speech and privacy are protected iRhIBWU3m80-00006-00002755-00003068 when you go online or use digital tools. iRhIBWU3m80-00007-00003414-00003582 The Internet has given us iRhIBWU3m80-00008-00003582-00004037 a tremendous amount of ways to communicate with each other, iRhIBWU3m80-00009-00004037-00004137 ways to keep in touch, iRhIBWU3m80-00010-00004137-00004389 ways to share information. iRhIBWU3m80-00011-00004389-00004859 But, it also---unless you use proper security mechanism--- iRhIBWU3m80-00012-00004859-00005098 can leave you kind of uniquely vulnerable iRhIBWU3m80-00013-00005098-00005255 to people attacking your privacy. iRhIBWU3m80-00014-00005255-00005638 The more information we share and store online, iRhIBWU3m80-00015-00005638-00005898 whether that's in your ISP, iRhIBWU3m80-00016-00005898-00006046 whether that's in a cloud computing service, iRhIBWU3m80-00017-00006046-00006236 or social networking service, iRhIBWU3m80-00018-00006236-00006550 that information could be available iRhIBWU3m80-00019-00006550-00006747 to people who are bad guys, iRhIBWU3m80-00020-00006747-00007218 it could be available to government snoops or spys, iRhIBWU3m80-00021-00007218-00007314 it could be available to people iRhIBWU3m80-00022-00007314-00007466 who might want to do you harm. iRhIBWU3m80-00023-00007466-00007754 Encryption is the technology that helps keep you safe. iRhIBWU3m80-00024-00007755-00007859 I use encryption, iRhIBWU3m80-00025-00007859-00008030 because I believe that my clients iRhIBWU3m80-00026-00008030-00008258 deserve the protection necessary iRhIBWU3m80-00027-00008258-00008430 to be able to tell me what's going on iRhIBWU3m80-00028-00008430-00008696 and let me give them the best advice possible. iRhIBWU3m80-00029-00008696-00008921 And, this isn't just because its my belief, iRhIBWU3m80-00030-00008921-00009122 it's actually the way the law expects lawyers--- iRhIBWU3m80-00031-00009122-00009233 lawyers actually can get into trouble iRhIBWU3m80-00032-00009233-00009547 if they don't protect the information iRhIBWU3m80-00033-00009547-00009696 that their clients entrust with them. iRhIBWU3m80-00034-00009696-00009984 We're in a trusted position. iRhIBWU3m80-00035-00009985-00010257 And, so, it's the rules for us, iRhIBWU3m80-00036-00010257-00010367 we can lose our licenses, iRhIBWU3m80-00037-00010367-00010686 it's the law that protects that privilege, iRhIBWU3m80-00038-00010686-00010943 and it's the right thing iRhIBWU3m80-00039-00010943-00011125 if you really want people to trust you iRhIBWU3m80-00040-00011125-00011372 so that you can advocate for them. iRhIBWU3m80-00041-00011372-00011742 They have to be able to tell you the whole story. iRhIBWU3m80-00042-00011742-00012025 The legal system really depends iRhIBWU3m80-00043-00012025-00012370 on the protection of this privilege iRhIBWU3m80-00044-00012370-00012803 and so it's important that our technology do so too. iRhIBWU3m80-00045-00012803-00012984 It's really not right to iRhIBWU3m80-00046-00012984-00013297 have all of these legal requirements and protections all setup, iRhIBWU3m80-00047-00013297-00013671 but the technology not allowing us that same level. iRhIBWU3m80-00048-00013671-00013982 And GPG helps me feel assured iRhIBWU3m80-00049-00013982-00014303 that in practice I'm keeping things iRhIBWU3m80-00050-00014303-00014633 as protected as the law iRhIBWU3m80-00051-00014633-00014840 encourages me to do so. iRhIBWU3m80-00052-00015272-00015472 Encryption is one of those tools iRhIBWU3m80-00053-00015472-00015716 that helps protect people iRhIBWU3m80-00054-00015716-00016047 as they are seeking out information iRhIBWU3m80-00055-00016047-00016244 that might otherwise be transgresive iRhIBWU3m80-00056-00016244-00016350 where they are. iRhIBWU3m80-00057-00016350-00016555 And that's true whether you are a kid iRhIBWU3m80-00058-00016555-00016783 who is wondering about their sexual orientation iRhIBWU3m80-00059-00016783-00016895 or whether you're a kid iRhIBWU3m80-00060-00016895-00017281 who is wondering about another religion, iRhIBWU3m80-00061-00017281-00017431 or you're an adult who is in a place iRhIBWU3m80-00062-00017431-00017663 where the way that you think may be different iRhIBWU3m80-00063-00017663-00018224 than the way everyone else around you thinks. iRhIBWU3m80-00064-00018224-00018384 It's very common--and I think iRhIBWU3m80-00065-00018384-00018544 allowing people the ability iRhIBWU3m80-00066-00018544-00018876 to have a protected conversation iRhIBWU3m80-00067-00018876-00019014 is just central to that. iRhIBWU3m80-00068-00019014-00019128 You need to be able to have iRhIBWU3m80-00069-00019128-00019360 a private conversation in the digital age iRhIBWU3m80-00070-00019360-00019476 for all the same reasons iRhIBWU3m80-00071-00019476-00019576 that you needed to be able to have iRhIBWU3m80-00072-00019576-00019849 a private conversation in the analog age. iRhIBWU3m80-00073-00019849-00020109 I would say the one that is--- iRhIBWU3m80-00074-00020109-00020354 that I talk about the most at the EFF--- iRhIBWU3m80-00075-00020354-00020794 is about the ability to make political change. iRhIBWU3m80-00076-00020794-00021018 Somebody had to turn to somebody else and iRhIBWU3m80-00077-00021018-00021268 say "I'm not comfortable with slavery; iRhIBWU3m80-00078-00021268-00021475 "I think that slavery is a bad thing" iRhIBWU3m80-00079-00021475-00021680 and at the time that that communication happened, iRhIBWU3m80-00080-00021680-00021858 that had to be a secret; iRhIBWU3m80-00081-00021858-00022140 it was a very transgressive idea. iRhIBWU3m80-00082-00022140-00022360 But enough people talking to each other about this, iRhIBWU3m80-00083-00022360-00022560 and organizing, and talking about with each other, iRhIBWU3m80-00084-00022560-00023004 and eventually, we were able to end slavery in this country. iRhIBWU3m80-00085-00023004-00023369 We have similar issues in our society today. iRhIBWU3m80-00086-00023369-00023554 That process happens. iRhIBWU3m80-00087-00023554-00023734 But it has to happen--- iRhIBWU3m80-00088-00023734-00023889 it has to have protection--- iRhIBWU3m80-00089-00023889-00024067 at some level in order for iRhIBWU3m80-00090-00024067-00024282 it to to be able to occur. iRhIBWU3m80-00091-00024282-00024600 This has groundings in the law, iRhIBWU3m80-00092-00024600-00024748 in the United States. iRhIBWU3m80-00093-00024748-00025067 Those same conversations happen online now. iRhIBWU3m80-00094-00025067-00025423 And, for us not to recognize that iRhIBWU3m80-00095-00025423-00025586 and take steps to ensure that iRhIBWU3m80-00096-00025586-00025943 you can have a private conversation online, iRhIBWU3m80-00097-00025943-00026133 I think, is for us to lose something iRhIBWU3m80-00098-00026133-00026322 as we move into the ditial age. iRhIBWU3m80-00099-00026322-00026627 So, there is still ground iRhIBWU3m80-00100-00026627-00026727 that we need to work on--- iRhIBWU3m80-00101-00026727-00026980 both technologically and substantively--- iRhIBWU3m80-00102-00026980-00027296 but I think of GPG as one of the core tools iRhIBWU3m80-00103-00027296-00027850 that we need if we're going to have functioning self-government iRhIBWU3m80-00104-00027850-00028238 in the United States or around the world. iRhIBWU3m80-00105-00028700-00028989 The nice thing about encryption technology is it--- iRhIBWU3m80-00106-00028989-00029241 it doesn't care who your adversaries are. iRhIBWU3m80-00107-00029242-00029806 It protects you from big and small adversaries alike. iRhIBWU3m80-00108-00029806-00029947 What do I work with? iRhIBWU3m80-00109-00029947-00030047 We work with people iRhIBWU3m80-00110-00030047-00030375 who are nervous about the US government, iRhIBWU3m80-00111-00030375-00030475 we work with people iRhIBWU3m80-00112-00030475-00030712 who are worried about foreign governments, iRhIBWU3m80-00113-00030712-00030812 we work with people iRhIBWU3m80-00114-00030812-00031044 who are worried about foreign non-state actors iRhIBWU3m80-00115-00031044-00031233 ---you know people who have been involved in, iRhIBWU3m80-00116-00031233-00031368 say, the drug war in Mexico iRhIBWU3m80-00117-00031368-00031550 and who need to protect their communications iRhIBWU3m80-00118-00031550-00031727 against the local warlords iRhIBWU3m80-00119-00031727-00032127 or the mafia, the local organizations. iRhIBWU3m80-00120-00032127-00033028 We've taught how to use GPG to those groups. iRhIBWU3m80-00121-00033028-00033561 For me, some of my clients are worried about just the opposing side, iRhIBWU3m80-00122-00033561-00033799 the person who wants to sue them, iRhIBWU3m80-00123-00033799-00034037 the person who's trying to stop them iRhIBWU3m80-00124-00034037-00034143 from doing what they are doing, iRhIBWU3m80-00125-00034143-00034424 which might not necessarily be the government. iRhIBWU3m80-00126-00034424-00034616 The nice thing about GPG iRhIBWU3m80-00127-00034616-00034808 or any encryption technology, iRhIBWU3m80-00128-00034808-00035027 is it gives you the protection iRhIBWU3m80-00129-00035027-00035225 regardless of what your threat model is. iRhIBWU3m80-00130-00035225-00035350 You might make different choices iRhIBWU3m80-00131-00035350-00035602 about which technologies you use, iRhIBWU3m80-00132-00035602-00035935 but encryption protects you regardless iRhIBWU3m80-00133-00035935-00036112 and it doesn't evaluate iRhIBWU3m80-00134-00036112-00036578 whether you've met some certain standard of needing it iRhIBWU3m80-00135-00036578-00036696 before it gives you the protection, iRhIBWU3m80-00136-00036696-00036848 it just gives you the protection. iRhIBWU3m80-00137-00037356-00037492 When it comes to being worried--- iRhIBWU3m80-00138-00037492-00037686 especially about government surveillance--- iRhIBWU3m80-00139-00037686-00038136 people on the right and people on the left are equally concerned. iRhIBWU3m80-00140-00038136-00038472 They just tend to be concerned at different times. iRhIBWU3m80-00141-00038472-00039088 I've had people email me using GPG from all across the spectrum. iRhIBWU3m80-00142-00039088-00039461 I would say that most of the people iRhIBWU3m80-00143-00039461-00039784 who ask EFF to help are not even in iRhIBWU3m80-00144-00039784-00040012 the kind of left/right political spectrum. iRhIBWU3m80-00145-00040012-00040340 In particular, that's not particularly important to them. iRhIBWU3m80-00146-00040340-00040552 They tend to be people who want to speak. iRhIBWU3m80-00147-00040552-00040700 I don't know how you do left/right iRhIBWU3m80-00148-00040700-00040962 if you're talking to activists iRhIBWU3m80-00149-00040962-00041113 in the middle east who are trying to iRhIBWU3m80-00150-00041113-00041380 figure out how to get back online iRhIBWU3m80-00151-00041380-00041640 when the government's unplugged things. iRhIBWU3m80-00152-00042094-00042312 It's certainly the case that right now, iRhIBWU3m80-00153-00042312-00042512 the way that the issue has been framed, iRhIBWU3m80-00154-00042512-00042644 it's law enforcement iRhIBWU3m80-00155-00042644-00042989 and people who support strong law enforcement iRhIBWU3m80-00156-00042989-00043221 who tend to be worried about encryption. iRhIBWU3m80-00157-00043221-00043447 But, on the other side of it, iRhIBWU3m80-00158-00043447-00043706 people who worry about cybersecurity, iRhIBWU3m80-00159-00043706-00044018 which you know, we have a cybercommand in the United States right now--- iRhIBWU3m80-00160-00044018-00044350 I mean---they understand the value of encryption. iRhIBWU3m80-00161-00044350-00044515 I think of it as the difference iRhIBWU3m80-00162-00044516-00045024 between defense and offense, really. iRhIBWU3m80-00163-00045024-00045205 And, from my perspective, iRhIBWU3m80-00164-00045205-00045459 I'd much rather have a strong lock on my door iRhIBWU3m80-00165-00045459-00045627 than be assured that the cops iRhIBWU3m80-00166-00045627-00045762 could solve the crime after the case. iRhIBWU3m80-00167-00045762-00046000 I'd rather not be robbed iRhIBWU3m80-00168-00046000-00046381 than make sure that they could take steps iRhIBWU3m80-00169-00046381-00046550 that might make it easier for them iRhIBWU3m80-00170-00046550-00046691 to solve the crime after it happens. iRhIBWU3m80-00171-00046691-00046922 I think it is a little crazy to think iRhIBWU3m80-00172-00046922-00047137 that the answer to the fact that people are robbed iRhIBWU3m80-00173-00047138-00047370 is to make sure they have less security. iRhIBWU3m80-00174-00047836-00047972 I know that there are several people who iRhIBWU3m80-00175-00047972-00048180 have only contacted me through GPG. iRhIBWU3m80-00176-00048180-00048475 Whether they would have found another way iRhIBWU3m80-00177-00048475-00048587 to contact me without it, iRhIBWU3m80-00178-00048587-00048808 it is kind of never a question that I've asked them. iRhIBWU3m80-00179-00048808-00048992 But, I think if people are using it, iRhIBWU3m80-00180-00048992-00049178 it means that it is important to them. iRhIBWU3m80-00181-00049178-00049671 Suffice it to say, there have definitely been sensitive communications iRhIBWU3m80-00182-00049672-00050194 that I was very happy I was able to have over encryption channels. iRhIBWU3m80-00183-00050194-00050912 And, that, your civil liberties have been protected as a result. iWwP72slRfQ-00000-00000037-00000221 what is it that is blocking one's iWwP72slRfQ-00001-00000221-00000321 receptivity iWwP72slRfQ-00002-00000321-00000558 if i have to be receptive what should i iWwP72slRfQ-00003-00000558-00000888 do iWwP72slRfQ-00004-00000888-00001037 if you want sunlight to come in you iWwP72slRfQ-00005-00001037-00001208 don't have to do any big fighting just iWwP72slRfQ-00006-00001208-00001459 have to open the window isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00007-00001459-00001559 what do you do the first thing in the iWwP72slRfQ-00008-00001559-00001659 morning iWwP72slRfQ-00009-00001659-00004437 don't try to connect iWwP72slRfQ-00010-00004437-00004630 because with all these things you will iWwP72slRfQ-00011-00004630-00004987 go into hallucinatory states of mind iWwP72slRfQ-00012-00004987-00005224 then sat guru will start talking to you iWwP72slRfQ-00013-00005224-00005930 and things will happen and iWwP72slRfQ-00014-00005930-00006406 don't get into that iWwP72slRfQ-00015-00006406-00006581 so what should i do iWwP72slRfQ-00016-00006581-00006793 if i have to be receptive what should i iWwP72slRfQ-00017-00006793-00007094 do iWwP72slRfQ-00018-00007094-00007275 what is it that is blocking one's iWwP72slRfQ-00019-00007275-00008005 receptivity iWwP72slRfQ-00020-00008005-00008105 it is just iWwP72slRfQ-00021-00008105-00008461 that iWwP72slRfQ-00022-00008461-00008637 if you quote anything with too many iWwP72slRfQ-00023-00008637-00008743 things iWwP72slRfQ-00024-00008743-00009128 it can't feel it isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00025-00009128-00009268 right now iWwP72slRfQ-00026-00009268-00009614 you're too much of a gathering iWwP72slRfQ-00027-00009614-00009929 too much of a gathering iWwP72slRfQ-00028-00009929-00010099 too many things have been gathered which iWwP72slRfQ-00029-00010099-00010475 you call as myself iWwP72slRfQ-00030-00010475-00010795 starting from your physical body iWwP72slRfQ-00031-00010795-00011050 at least iWwP72slRfQ-00032-00011050-00011229 though there is considerable room to iWwP72slRfQ-00033-00011229-00011364 expand iWwP72slRfQ-00034-00011364-00011601 physical body has some limitations you iWwP72slRfQ-00035-00011601-00011886 cannot expand beyond you cannot gather iWwP72slRfQ-00036-00011886-00012361 beyond a point at least iWwP72slRfQ-00037-00012361-00012517 together too much collection time will iWwP72slRfQ-00038-00012517-00012617 come soon iWwP72slRfQ-00039-00012617-00012994 yes at least physical body there is a iWwP72slRfQ-00040-00012994-00013134 limitation iWwP72slRfQ-00041-00013134-00013331 but with the mental structure you can iWwP72slRfQ-00042-00013331-00013470 gather iWwP72slRfQ-00043-00013470-00013570 phenomenally iWwP72slRfQ-00044-00013570-00013922 and when carrying such a heap on your iWwP72slRfQ-00045-00013922-00014282 head you won't feel anything especially iWwP72slRfQ-00046-00014282-00014500 if you start believing the heap that iWwP72slRfQ-00047-00014500-00014965 you're carrying is yourself iWwP72slRfQ-00048-00014965-00015072 the less iWwP72slRfQ-00049-00015072-00015182 you become iWwP72slRfQ-00050-00015182-00015490 the more receptive you become iWwP72slRfQ-00051-00015490-00015781 the more you become the less receptive iWwP72slRfQ-00052-00015781-00016010 you become iWwP72slRfQ-00053-00016010-00016247 or in other words to put it very bluntly iWwP72slRfQ-00054-00016247-00016634 you're too full of yourself iWwP72slRfQ-00055-00016634-00016831 if you reduce that iWwP72slRfQ-00056-00016831-00017081 how can you not feel iWwP72slRfQ-00057-00017081-00017251 you will have to feel iWwP72slRfQ-00058-00017251-00017392 what should i feel should i hear your iWwP72slRfQ-00059-00017392-00017510 voice please don't iWwP72slRfQ-00060-00017510-00017859 you want to hear my voice put on a iWwP72slRfQ-00061-00017859-00018142 cd or something if you're hearing voices iWwP72slRfQ-00062-00018142-00018252 then you need treatment iWwP72slRfQ-00063-00018252-00018865 it's not about hearing voices iWwP72slRfQ-00064-00018865-00019026 what has been put into you in the form iWwP72slRfQ-00065-00019026-00019373 of initiation is a life process iWwP72slRfQ-00066-00019373-00019479 if iWwP72slRfQ-00067-00019479-00019640 you are not total of yourself if you sit iWwP72slRfQ-00068-00019640-00019893 here it will constantly reverberate iWwP72slRfQ-00069-00019893-00020046 within you iWwP72slRfQ-00070-00020046-00020298 always iWwP72slRfQ-00071-00020298-00020512 so once there is a living energy within iWwP72slRfQ-00072-00020512-00020612 you iWwP72slRfQ-00073-00020612-00020781 all you have to do is clear the space iWwP72slRfQ-00074-00020781-00021046 for it if you clear the space you cannot iWwP72slRfQ-00075-00021046-00021352 miss it iWwP72slRfQ-00076-00021352-00021501 if you want sunlight to come in you iWwP72slRfQ-00077-00021501-00021671 don't have to do any big fighting just iWwP72slRfQ-00078-00021671-00022034 have to open the window isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00079-00022034-00022134 so iWwP72slRfQ-00080-00022134-00022526 just look at yourself and see iWwP72slRfQ-00081-00022526-00022823 you may be a very smart man iWwP72slRfQ-00082-00022823-00023076 or you may be very strong man or a very iWwP72slRfQ-00083-00023076-00023204 handsome man iWwP72slRfQ-00084-00023204-00023596 very something please reduce that iWwP72slRfQ-00085-00023596-00023931 you will see you will start feeling iWwP72slRfQ-00086-00023931-00024031 yes iWwP72slRfQ-00087-00024031-00024441 or you're a very good man iWwP72slRfQ-00088-00024441-00024541 please reduce that iWwP72slRfQ-00089-00024541-00024951 good people can't feel anything they iWwP72slRfQ-00090-00024951-00025195 become like goats iWwP72slRfQ-00091-00025195-00025357 because they keep on thinking i am good iWwP72slRfQ-00092-00025357-00025596 i am good how he's not okay she's not iWwP72slRfQ-00093-00025596-00025743 okay he's not okay he's not okay she's iWwP72slRfQ-00094-00025743-00025922 not okay he's not okay compared to all iWwP72slRfQ-00095-00025922-00026238 these people i'm such a good man iWwP72slRfQ-00096-00026238-00026433 you're too full of yourself people who iWwP72slRfQ-00097-00026433-00026555 think iWwP72slRfQ-00098-00026555-00026693 they are good iWwP72slRfQ-00099-00026693-00026930 they're too full of themselves isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00100-00026930-00027164 so iWwP72slRfQ-00101-00027164-00027297 reduce that iWwP72slRfQ-00102-00027297-00027483 just understand your place in the iWwP72slRfQ-00103-00027483-00027750 existence you're like a speck of dust iWwP72slRfQ-00104-00027750-00027945 suppose you just disappear tomorrow iWwP72slRfQ-00105-00027945-00028064 morning iWwP72slRfQ-00106-00028064-00028251 everything is going to be fine in this iWwP72slRfQ-00107-00028251-00028562 world iWwP72slRfQ-00108-00028562-00028753 do you know this iWwP72slRfQ-00109-00028753-00028853 oh iWwP72slRfQ-00110-00028853-00029134 can i talk about diamonds diamonds iWwP72slRfQ-00111-00029134-00029338 do you know iWwP72slRfQ-00112-00029338-00029438 that iWwP72slRfQ-00113-00029438-00029739 ultraviolet light can evaporate a iWwP72slRfQ-00114-00029739-00029839 diamond iWwP72slRfQ-00115-00029839-00030088 do you know this iWwP72slRfQ-00116-00030088-00030572 diamonds are forever you heard the iWwP72slRfQ-00117-00030572-00030711 diamonds are not forever iWwP72slRfQ-00118-00030711-00030974 just light falling upon it iWwP72slRfQ-00119-00030974-00031097 it can just evaporate iWwP72slRfQ-00120-00031097-00031447 please touch and see is it still there iWwP72slRfQ-00121-00031447-00032137 gone iWwP72slRfQ-00122-00032137-00032350 just ultraviolet rage touching it in a iWwP72slRfQ-00123-00032350-00032559 certain intensity diamond will just iWwP72slRfQ-00124-00032559-00032840 evaporate iWwP72slRfQ-00125-00032840-00033075 so that is all it is iWwP72slRfQ-00126-00033075-00033252 it is not a big thing iWwP72slRfQ-00127-00033252-00033500 who you are you can just evaporate with iWwP72slRfQ-00128-00033500-00033733 the right level of awareness it doesn't iWwP72slRfQ-00129-00033733-00033981 take any big fighting to do iWwP72slRfQ-00130-00033981-00034276 there's no big fight to do iWwP72slRfQ-00131-00034276-00034399 big fight is done because you're iWwP72slRfQ-00132-00034399-00034715 fighting with a crowbar iWwP72slRfQ-00133-00034715-00034868 with the hammer if you try to break iWwP72slRfQ-00134-00034868-00034968 diamond iWwP72slRfQ-00135-00034968-00035372 it's a lot of effort light just iWwP72slRfQ-00136-00035372-00035658 ultraviolet rays can just evaporate iWwP72slRfQ-00137-00035658-00035856 it'll just disappear into thin air iWwP72slRfQ-00138-00035856-00036386 diamond iWwP72slRfQ-00139-00036386-00036588 so iWwP72slRfQ-00140-00036588-00036755 this is very simple iWwP72slRfQ-00141-00036755-00036930 just bring the right kind of awareness iWwP72slRfQ-00142-00036930-00037227 to you do one thing iWwP72slRfQ-00143-00037227-00037383 when you get up in the morning what do iWwP72slRfQ-00144-00037383-00037636 you do first thing iWwP72slRfQ-00145-00037636-00037883 what do you do iWwP72slRfQ-00146-00037883-00038080 what do you do iWwP72slRfQ-00147-00038080-00038180 what do you do the first thing in the iWwP72slRfQ-00148-00038180-00038280 morning iWwP72slRfQ-00149-00038280-00039563 phone iWwP72slRfQ-00150-00039563-00039702 you do one thing you get up in the iWwP72slRfQ-00151-00039702-00039827 morning iWwP72slRfQ-00152-00039827-00039977 and smile iWwP72slRfQ-00153-00039977-00040125 at whom iWwP72slRfQ-00154-00040125-00040361 nobody iWwP72slRfQ-00155-00040361-00040647 smile is not about somebody iWwP72slRfQ-00156-00040647-00040857 smile happens when this one is feeling iWwP72slRfQ-00157-00040857-00040987 in a certain way isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00158-00040987-00041194 yes or no iWwP72slRfQ-00159-00041194-00041366 unless you're a trained pr person you iWwP72slRfQ-00160-00041366-00041721 learn to iWwP72slRfQ-00161-00041721-00041934 kind of thing iWwP72slRfQ-00162-00041934-00042090 otherwise smile happens because iWwP72slRfQ-00163-00042090-00042280 something is happening within you not iWwP72slRfQ-00164-00042280-00042431 because somebody has come in front of iWwP72slRfQ-00165-00042431-00042740 you isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00166-00042740-00043115 so first thing in the morning you smile iWwP72slRfQ-00167-00043115-00043493 it takes 20 seconds iWwP72slRfQ-00168-00043493-00043593 okay iWwP72slRfQ-00169-00043593-00043926 if you can't smile at somebody who's iWwP72slRfQ-00170-00043926-00044613 next to you just smile iWwP72slRfQ-00171-00044613-00044994 pleasant way to start your day isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00172-00044994-00045105 and iWwP72slRfQ-00173-00045105-00045238 if one dose iWwP72slRfQ-00174-00045238-00045433 per day is not enough for you you're a iWwP72slRfQ-00175-00045433-00045853 chronic patient iWwP72slRfQ-00176-00045853-00045977 every hour iWwP72slRfQ-00177-00045977-00046371 oh it's 11 o'clock iWwP72slRfQ-00178-00046371-00046631 it's eleven o'clock iWwP72slRfQ-00179-00046631-00046825 you know 21st iWwP72slRfQ-00180-00046825-00047268 july 2011 11 o'clock iWwP72slRfQ-00181-00047268-00047603 how many times has it happened iWwP72slRfQ-00182-00047603-00047880 how many times has it happened iWwP72slRfQ-00183-00047880-00047980 never before iWwP72slRfQ-00184-00047980-00048188 how many times more iWwP72slRfQ-00185-00048188-00048462 never again phenomenal moment isn't it iWwP72slRfQ-00186-00048462-00048962 eleven o'clock iWwP72slRfQ-00187-00048962-00049385 eleven o'clock it's a simple thing iWwP72slRfQ-00188-00049385-00049628 you're taking the biggest things in the iWwP72slRfQ-00189-00049628-00049893 existence for granted do you understand iWwP72slRfQ-00190-00049893-00050066 it is 11 o'clock is it a small thing iWwP72slRfQ-00191-00050066-00050365 is it a small thing iWwP72slRfQ-00192-00050365-00050681 fantastic only once iWwP72slRfQ-00193-00050681-00050909 only once in eternity isn't it fantastic iWwP72slRfQ-00194-00050909-00051184 oh 11 o'clock iWwP72slRfQ-00195-00051184-00051284 crash course iWwP72slRfQ-00196-00051284-00051904 just do this every hour iWwP72slRfQ-00197-00051904-00052190 you will say in two weeks time how you iWwP72slRfQ-00198-00052190-00052650 will be iWwP72slRfQ-00199-00052650-00053005 20 seconds crash course you can give iWwP72slRfQ-00200-00053005-00053105 yourself iWwP72slRfQ-00201-00053105-00053426 yes or no iWwP72slRfQ-00202-00053426-00053589 just do that you will receive iWwP72slRfQ-00203-00053589-00053594 you iXbzMZS0s78-00000-00000016-00000120 so honey iXbzMZS0s78-00001-00000344-00000584 it has different types of impacts on the system iXbzMZS0s78-00002-00000816-00001464 if it consumed raw it has one kind of impact if it is consumed in cold water it has another kind iXbzMZS0s78-00003-00001464-00002080 of impact if it is consumed in warm water it's a different kind of impact we want to consume it iXbzMZS0s78-00004-00002080-00002984 in warm water here because we want the system to open up if you put it into boiling water iXbzMZS0s78-00005-00003072-00003728 some part of honey will turn poisonous so you should never put it into boiling water or you iXbzMZS0s78-00006-00003728-00004280 should not cook the honey i know in western societies people are making honey cakes and iXbzMZS0s78-00007-00004280-00004792 stuff they're cooking it if it crosses a certain temperature then honey will turn poisonous iXbzMZS0s78-00008-00004928-00005784 so it must be put into like it's in a temperature that is drinkable iXbzMZS0s78-00009-00005928-00005978 you iZIjBX6G6sy-00000-00000000-00000126 welcome back iZIjBX6G6sy-00001-00000130-00000250 to taiyaki lab iZIjBX6G6sy-00002-00000272-00000392 !! curry !! iZIjBX6G6sy-00003-00000412-00000534 <<------ batter iZIjBX6G6sy-00004-00000534-00000652 fixings ------->> iZIjBX6G6sy-00005-00000652-00000770 *fill the things* iZIjBX6G6sy-00006-00000802-00000919 vv low heat vv iZIjBX6G6sy-00007-00000930-00001076 (ready made food = iZIjBX6G6sy-00008-00001076-00001242 fillings of convenience.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00009-00001242-00001352 ^^ high heat ^^ iZIjBX6G6sy-00010-00001404-00001486 ಡ_ಡ iZIjBX6G6sy-00011-00001486-00001594 (this is my last packet.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00012-00001594-00001670 (ಥ﹏ಥ) iZIjBX6G6sy-00013-00001684-00001755 *scoop fish* iZIjBX6G6sy-00014-00001988-00002136 *trim fish* iZIjBX6G6sy-00015-00002136-00002310 (i was too lazy/scared iZIjBX6G6sy-00016-00002320-00002504 to make rice/roti for curry.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00017-00002504-00002668 (cake fish to the rescue.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00018-00002876-00003034 + wayward tomatoes + iZIjBX6G6sy-00019-00003050-00003228 !! stay !! iZIjBX6G6sy-00020-00003270-00003460 (good tomatoes.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00021-00003572-00003772 (the sauce was amaze.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00022-00003852-00004052 + some spicy + iZIjBX6G6sy-00023-00004228-00004434 + milk for spice mouth + iZIjBX6G6sy-00024-00004502-00004640 ^--- some chik'n iZIjBX6G6sy-00025-00004712-00004912 ^--- some potato iZIjBX6G6sy-00026-00004912-00005076 ^--- and peanuts (??) iZIjBX6G6sy-00027-00005076-00005276 *marks this moment* iZIjBX6G6sy-00028-00005376-00005616 this moment == ++ hubris ++ iZIjBX6G6sy-00029-00005676-00005876 (... so because of the much yum, iZIjBX6G6sy-00030-00005876-00006004 i thought - why not?) iZIjBX6G6sy-00031-00006004-00006176 !! double feature !! iZIjBX6G6sy-00032-00006176-00006376 (and you're prolly wondering... iZIjBX6G6sy-00033-00006376-00006576 what could go wrong?) iZIjBX6G6sy-00034-00006576-00006734 *scoop fish* iZIjBX6G6sy-00035-00006764-00006904 *saucy fill* iZIjBX6G6sy-00036-00006976-00007136 !! xxx !! fire alarm !! xxx !! iZIjBX6G6sy-00037-00007180-00007268 (sauce turned to smoking iZIjBX6G6sy-00038-00007268-00007422 turned to burning.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00039-00007454-00007654 !! full color fail !! iZIjBX6G6sy-00040-00007809-00007944 (with great sauce, iZIjBX6G6sy-00041-00007956-00008138 comes great resauceability.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00042-00008159-00008360 ^---frankenfishes---^ iZIjBX6G6sy-00043-00008404-00008566 (i know those aren't not words.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00044-00008566-00008722 (it's poetic license.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00045-00008886-00009138 ++ saucin' ++ iZIjBX6G6sy-00046-00009156-00009362 (i was too full to finish.) iZIjBX6G6sy-00047-00009362-00009562 (ー_ー﹡; ) iai8skp6SyU-00000-00000000-00000199 Shuen-lu Hung: Thank you. iai8skp6SyU-00001-00000199-00001224 Taiwan is a small country, small Iceland, but have a dense population, and the -- our iai8skp6SyU-00002-00001224-00001794 National Health Institute cover more than 99 percent of the population. iai8skp6SyU-00003-00001794-00002826 And our medical service is very -- have a very high quality but a very cheap price [laughs]. iai8skp6SyU-00004-00002826-00003572 Taiwan has a SCAR Consortium formed by a [unintelligible] medical center. iai8skp6SyU-00005-00003572-00004098 For example, Tanga [spelled phonetically] Memorial Hospital is the first initial sign iai8skp6SyU-00006-00004098-00004817 we [unintelligible] patient, and in this hospital system has more than 10,000 beds. iai8skp6SyU-00007-00004817-00005065 Taiwan has Taiwan Drug Relief Foundation. iai8skp6SyU-00008-00005065-00005478 This foundation is under control for the Taiwan FDA. iai8skp6SyU-00009-00005478-00006069 And they have a [unintelligible] pharmaceutical company. iai8skp6SyU-00010-00006069-00007031 According to this table, you can find SSTN accounts for more than 50 percent of the cases iai8skp6SyU-00011-00007031-00007752 reported to Taiwan [unintelligible] relief foundation. iai8skp6SyU-00012-00007752-00008437 And we have a very good connection with SCAR [unintelligible] in the world. iai8skp6SyU-00013-00008437-00009650 And Taiwan's SCAR Consortium joined the [unintelligible] SCAR consortium since the year 2007. iai8skp6SyU-00014-00009650-00010531 On the most common drug associated with SCAR in Taiwan, they are Allopurinol, Phenytoin, iai8skp6SyU-00015-00010531-00010631 and Carbamazepine. iai8skp6SyU-00016-00010631-00011552 We [unintelligible] drug associated with SCAR in Taiwan, and then we can find out Carbamazepine. iai8skp6SyU-00017-00011552-00012179 We can enjoy more than about 90 patients with Carbamazepine-induced SCAR, and most of them iai8skp6SyU-00018-00012179-00012313 SJS/TEN and very few choice. iai8skp6SyU-00019-00012313-00012659 After our medical [unintelligible] associated with Phenytoin and Lamotrigine, also associated iai8skp6SyU-00020-00012659-00012773 with SCAR by [unintelligible] Carbamazepine has the [unintelligible] Carbamazepine instance iai8skp6SyU-00021-00012773-00013045 of Carbamazepine dealing with SCAR ratio, as the incidence is very low in Taiwan. iai8skp6SyU-00022-00013045-00013145 We use a Canada June approach to identify [unintelligible] associated with [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00023-00013145-00013245 Carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN. iai8skp6SyU-00024-00013245-00013345 Associates [unintelligible] by PPV, the password per value is very low. iai8skp6SyU-00025-00013345-00013684 And this special idea is associated only -- associated with only Carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN but iai8skp6SyU-00026-00013684-00013784 not trace. iai8skp6SyU-00027-00013784-00014176 In our previous study, we can find other [unintelligible] 101 associated with another phenotype or [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00028-00014176-00014276 Carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN. iai8skp6SyU-00029-00014276-00014565 When we [unintelligible] SCAR [unintelligible] association is a phenotype specific and [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00030-00014565-00014845 3101 is associated with Carbamazepine-induced choice. iai8skp6SyU-00031-00014845-00015225 And in the year 2011, prospective screening of [unintelligible] in Taiwan, leaded by a iai8skp6SyU-00032-00015225-00015619 [unintelligible], and we enjoyed amount of fine [unintelligible] patients and performed iai8skp6SyU-00033-00015619-00016065 genotyping before [unintelligible] Carbamazepine, and on this paper we showed that there was iai8skp6SyU-00034-00016065-00016168 no SJS/TEN case. iai8skp6SyU-00035-00016168-00016808 So Taiwan government decides to cover the expense of lecture phenotyping for Carbamazepine iai8skp6SyU-00036-00016808-00017050 new use since the year 2010. iai8skp6SyU-00037-00017050-00017410 And so nowadays, there is a routine test for B-1502 genotyping before the patient using iai8skp6SyU-00038-00017410-00017673 Carbamazepine, so this example for genetic test. iai8skp6SyU-00039-00017673-00018010 And the physician, they can receive [unintelligible] report, and they also can receive the report iai8skp6SyU-00040-00018010-00018273 from a cell phone [unintelligible]. iai8skp6SyU-00041-00018273-00018587 Another example is the [unintelligible] B-1501. iai8skp6SyU-00042-00018587-00019134 It is only associated with Allopurinol SCAR. iai8skp6SyU-00043-00019134-00019440 And we also can find other associated strains [unintelligible] but the PVV is also very iai8skp6SyU-00044-00019440-00019645 low, only three percent. iai8skp6SyU-00045-00019645-00020287 It may not -- most of our H allele B-50 carrier in our population, for example, about 15 percent, iai8skp6SyU-00046-00020287-00020460 they are [unintelligible] to Allopurinol. iai8skp6SyU-00047-00020460-00020903 So we have another [unintelligible] non-genetic effect [unintelligible] if a patient [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00048-00020903-00021513 they have old age with a [unintelligible] many of such patient that have a higher [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00049-00021513-00021666 of Auspirinol [spelled phonetically]. iai8skp6SyU-00050-00021666-00022464 Because the Auspirinol is the [unintelligible] and you can find out if a patient have a renal iai8skp6SyU-00051-00022464-00022815 deficiency and a clinical renal [unintelligible] kidney disease. iai8skp6SyU-00052-00022815-00023100 Then the patient that have a -- the higher [unintelligible] of Auspirinol. iai8skp6SyU-00053-00023100-00023867 So nowadays, many physician in Taiwan, they can perform a genetic test for a patient by iai8skp6SyU-00054-00023867-00024493 -- for all the patient in some hospital, but some hospital, they only provide a service iai8skp6SyU-00055-00024493-00024676 for patient with high risk. iai8skp6SyU-00056-00024676-00025022 And we also report on our [unintelligible] B-1502. iai8skp6SyU-00057-00025022-00025229 It's weakly associated with Phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN. iai8skp6SyU-00058-00025229-00025437 Now, [unintelligible] ratio only five. iai8skp6SyU-00059-00025437-00025657 So we have an understanding published last year reporting that Phenytoin-related SCAR iai8skp6SyU-00060-00025657-00025813 is associated with [unintelligible]. iai8skp6SyU-00061-00025813-00026533 And this study was corroborated with Japanese and Malaysia. iai8skp6SyU-00062-00026533-00026938 And the association has been very fine in these two population. iai8skp6SyU-00063-00026938-00027554 And the P-value is also very significant but the [unintelligible] ratio is about 12. iai8skp6SyU-00064-00027554-00028154 And in past months [unintelligible], the patient have a [unintelligible] Phenytoin in the SCAR iai8skp6SyU-00065-00028154-00028372 patient, especially in the SJS/TEN patient. iai8skp6SyU-00066-00028372-00029185 And we can find the data [unintelligible] Phenytoin in the patient carried at risk allele. iai8skp6SyU-00067-00029185-00029989 And some patient, they did not carry the risk allele, but they also have a DNA [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00068-00029989-00030282 of the [unintelligible] Phenytoin. iai8skp6SyU-00069-00030282-00031014 It is possible that the patient have a liver disease or kidney disease. iai8skp6SyU-00070-00031014-00031558 And we also have a -- some study for a [unintelligible] and originally pull out [unintelligible] chlamydia iai8skp6SyU-00071-00031558-00031699 [unintelligible] the skin [unintelligible] SJS/TEN. iai8skp6SyU-00072-00031699-00031935 And we suggest that [unintelligible] chlamydia. iai8skp6SyU-00073-00031935-00032512 And we used the grant [unintelligible] disease to attack it, and we performed some in vitro iai8skp6SyU-00074-00032512-00032946 study and suggests that [unintelligible] could be the disease attacking. iai8skp6SyU-00075-00032946-00033386 And the understanding of [unintelligible] and peptide T cell receptor [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00076-00033386-00033786 we report there is no peptide [unintelligible] in the presence of Carbamazepine and -- but iai8skp6SyU-00077-00033786-00034252 [unintelligible] B allele, they can have a higher affinity with the [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00078-00034252-00034693 such as carbamazepine [unintelligible] but not have an affinity to the Carbamazepine iai8skp6SyU-00079-00034693-00034793 [unintelligible] of Carbamazepine. iai8skp6SyU-00080-00034793-00035182 And we have identified some signs of [unintelligible] drug binding sign. iai8skp6SyU-00081-00035182-00035786 And we report several specific T cell receptor may be involved in such kind of [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00082-00035786-00035937 for our [unintelligible] tests, we report Auspirinol is the [unintelligible] of T cell iai8skp6SyU-00083-00035937-00036490 and we identify some mutations [unintelligible] some [unintelligible] of B-50 L1 is specific iai8skp6SyU-00084-00036490-00036672 media to [unintelligible] presentation. iai8skp6SyU-00085-00036672-00037002 So that many factors can contribute to SCAR. iai8skp6SyU-00086-00037002-00037472 In addition to Troy [spelled phonetically] [unintelligible], Chun [spelled phonetically] iai8skp6SyU-00087-00037472-00037755 is also very important for SCAR. iai8skp6SyU-00088-00037755-00038202 And also the concentration of the [unintelligible] metabolite [unintelligible] is also involved iai8skp6SyU-00089-00038202-00038302 in the SCAR. iai8skp6SyU-00090-00038302-00038402 And for the mechanism, some actually may have a higher affinity to [unintelligible] but iai8skp6SyU-00091-00038402-00038558 that should need our help of T cell receptor. iai8skp6SyU-00092-00038558-00039021 And the other factors, such as environmental [unintelligible] may cause the key point for iai8skp6SyU-00093-00039021-00039149 the initiation of the immune reaction. iai8skp6SyU-00094-00039149-00039297 Thank you very much for your attention [laughs]. iai8skp6SyU-00095-00039297-00039397 [applause] iai8skp6SyU-00096-00039397-00039566 Steven Katz: Thank you very much for that summary. iai8skp6SyU-00097-00039566-00039744 Are there questions or comments? iai8skp6SyU-00098-00039744-00040271 Male Speaker: Do you know what the metabolite is that's iai8skp6SyU-00099-00040271-00041355 binding to the -- to the MAC [spelled phonetically]? iai8skp6SyU-00100-00041355-00041511 Shuen-lu Hung: [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00101-00041511-00041953 Male Speaker: -- so the metabolite, you did some HLDC, I iai8skp6SyU-00102-00041953-00042053 assume -- iai8skp6SyU-00103-00042053-00042168 Shuen-lu Hung: Oh, yes. iai8skp6SyU-00104-00042168-00042816 We analyzed the peptide [unintelligible] has no trench in the presence of Carbamazepine iai8skp6SyU-00105-00042816-00042961 or [unintelligible]. iai8skp6SyU-00106-00042961-00043363 And if you ask why’s [unintelligible] binding to [unintelligible] we have some [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00107-00043363-00043958 and [unintelligible], such as Phenytoin or [unintelligible] but most of the higher affinity iai8skp6SyU-00108-00043958-00044406 can only be observed in Carbamazepine and [unintelligible] Carbamazepine. iai8skp6SyU-00109-00044406-00045331 But we did not observe affinity in the Carbamazepine, not as the [unintelligible] Carbamazepine. iai8skp6SyU-00110-00045331-00045687 Marc Williams: Marc Williams, Geisinger. iai8skp6SyU-00111-00045687-00046903 This is actually a question for Maja related to the CYP2C9 star 3 [spelled phonetically], iai8skp6SyU-00112-00046903-00047511 because my recollection from the JAMA paper is that that allele frequency in the ancestral iai8skp6SyU-00113-00047511-00048011 population that you studied is quite low, where it’s somewhat more frequent in the iai8skp6SyU-00114-00048011-00048113 northern European population. iai8skp6SyU-00115-00048113-00048696 So it's raised a question in terms of whether there is a risk for Phenytoin in Caucasians iai8skp6SyU-00116-00048696-00049188 that are more likely to carry the CYP2C9 star 3. iai8skp6SyU-00117-00049188-00049858 And I was wondering if the EuroSCAR has looked at that specific question to determine whether iai8skp6SyU-00118-00049858-00050027 there is a difference that can be detected? iai8skp6SyU-00119-00050027-00050283 Maja Mockenhaupt: We’re working on that currently [laughs], iai8skp6SyU-00120-00050283-00050555 but I cannot tell you a result yet. iai8skp6SyU-00121-00050555-00050809 Steven Katz: Other questions or comments? iai8skp6SyU-00122-00050809-00050936 Female Speaker: Yes. iai8skp6SyU-00123-00050936-00052033 Is there a diagnostic test that takes advantage of the information you've learned about granulysin iai8skp6SyU-00124-00052033-00052892 and the T cell receptor that could be used to more definitively ascertain who will go iai8skp6SyU-00125-00052892-00053011 on to develop SJS/TEN? iai8skp6SyU-00126-00053011-00053188 Shuen-lu Hung: For granulysin, because granulysin is present iai8skp6SyU-00127-00053188-00054489 in our blood, in healthy patients, if we’re -- some patient you have a [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00128-00054489-00054722 assess or [unintelligible] problem of granulysin. iai8skp6SyU-00129-00054722-00056486 Sometimes the granulysin [unintelligible] increase in the -- only in SJS/TEN but not iai8skp6SyU-00130-00056486-00057524 in trace or MPE [unintelligible] usage of T cell receptor in clinical because -- not iai8skp6SyU-00131-00057524-00058452 that we use the [unintelligible] to study the T cell receptor. iai8skp6SyU-00132-00058452-00059416 So we can find why’s the T cell receptor [unintelligible] one individual -- of an individual, iai8skp6SyU-00133-00059416-00061536 so it is possible you can use such a -- such a specific T cell receptor [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00136-00080313-00082187 of iai8skp6SyU-00137-00082187-00083244 the patient. iai8skp6SyU-00138-00083244-00085131 But not that we find more than one -- about 10 special T cell receptor [unintelligible] iai8skp6SyU-00139-00085131-00085373 associated with such kinds of disease. iai8skp6SyU-00140-00085373-00086649 So it remains very complicated that you [unintelligible] only use only one or two T cell cone type. iai8skp6SyU-00141-00086649-00086861 Steven Katz: Thank you. iai8skp6SyU-00142-00086861-00086995 I think we’re going to have to move on. iai8skp6SyU-00143-00086995-00087168 Thank you very much. iai8skp6SyU-00144-00087168-00087476 Next, going back to Europe. iai8skp6SyU-00145-00087476-00087936 I assume England is still considered Europe -- iai8skp6SyU-00146-00087936-00088036 [laughter] iai8skp6SyU-00147-00088036-00088608 -- even though in that euros -- they are not Euro mode. iai8skp6SyU-00148-00088608-00089250 Dr. Pirmohamed from the University of Liverpool, the Weatherall Chair of Medicine in Liverpool. iai8skp6SyU-00149-00089250-00089294 [end of transcript] iaGiYN_vWRY-00000-00000000-00000200 احدى سهرات الليلة الأولى في الكروز ibzFoPsEUT0-00000-00000000-00000576 hello my chou chou family i'm your fun-loving epic vlogger tom chou chou ibzFoPsEUT0-00001-00000576-00001032 welcome back to my channel my name is tom and sitting right next to me is my sister ibzFoPsEUT0-00002-00001032-00001672 sandeeecheeks hello it's been a while i know it has not been a while it's only been a week ibzFoPsEUT0-00003-00001672-00002432 it seems like it's been a while anyway today we're trying another keto snack keto brand called ibzFoPsEUT0-00004-00002520-00003040 better than good foods i think they're all the same right they're all little balls yes ibzFoPsEUT0-00005-00003040-00003728 but look at this it was like like fish food it's so tiny yeah there's not a lot well it's a snack ibzFoPsEUT0-00006-00003728-00004320 pack whatever anyways we're going to do an honest review on this so please like and subscribe and ibzFoPsEUT0-00007-00004320-00004944 hit that notification bell so you don't miss any our updates on that note let's try this ibzFoPsEUT0-00008-00005240-00005720 why are you laughing i don't know it's been a while oh check out my ibzFoPsEUT0-00009-00005720-00006336 no what hair if you want to check out that haircut video i'll link up there ibzFoPsEUT0-00010-00006336-00006912 so you can check it out how amazing my hair was and now i'm just wearing my hat ibzFoPsEUT0-00011-00007072-00007512 is that why you've been wearing your hat so often no i i like it when it's short ibzFoPsEUT0-00012-00007568-00008112 okay okay i'm wearing a hat yeah yeah it's my masterpiece under there honestly it really is ibzFoPsEUT0-00013-00008112-00008656 you just have to watch the other video and you'll find out yeah okay anyway which one should we eat ibzFoPsEUT0-00014-00008656-00009248 oh this one hold on i'm gonna put plate in the center all right this one's strawberries and cream ibzFoPsEUT0-00015-00009248-00010176 protein puffs and apparently are we doing all of them yeah at once why not at once you're confusing ibzFoPsEUT0-00016-00010176-00010816 my taste buds so that's why i'm saying like which one do you want to try first right here fam okay ibzFoPsEUT0-00017-00010968-00011816 what the heck stealing my thunder oh my god it smells so good what is this strawberries and cream ibzFoPsEUT0-00018-00012232-00013263 that's it we're gonna try everything so okay cheers hmm i like this one this one's it yum ibzFoPsEUT0-00019-00013263-00014000 it tastes like trix cereal right i like berries i love strawberries you like it you like it i ibzFoPsEUT0-00020-00014000-00014696 like it i don't taste the cream it doesn't make sense if it's crispy and you want it to be creamy ibzFoPsEUT0-00021-00014696-00015352 i think it's just like a slight vanilla flavor yeah i like it it tastes like chick cereal okay ibzFoPsEUT0-00022-00015352-00016176 we're going with ranch i love ranch should we rate like how we rate ketokrate yeah best to worse ibzFoPsEUT0-00023-00016176-00016984 okay yeah because these are all the same things yeah it's all better than good food ibzFoPsEUT0-00024-00017216-00018064 this one's ranch oh it smells very it smells like a croutons oh you smell yes smells like croutons ibzFoPsEUT0-00025-00018248-00019048 don't jip me that's a lot they're tiny we're gonna pass our 20 grams of carbs ibzFoPsEUT0-00026-00019192-00020136 mmm croutons it does taste like couton i do like very like wafery croutons it's very crispy too ibzFoPsEUT0-00027-00020248-00020912 so far the consistency of the crisps are pretty good they're like light and airy because sandy ibzFoPsEUT0-00028-00020912-00021912 loves cheetos i do ow ow you hear that yeah what was that there goes the consistency ibzFoPsEUT0-00029-00022112-00022960 i like this one i like savory more than sweet so i like this one better oh good so far so good oh oh ibzFoPsEUT0-00030-00022960-00023624 oh oh this one's cinnamon roll crunch and i think it's coated with like a glaze i think this is the ibzFoPsEUT0-00031-00023624-00024272 one that we uh when we did the ketokrate it's the same one oh we have this already yeah cinnamon ibzFoPsEUT0-00032-00024560-00024848 it's a cinnamon one right no you're right yeah if ibzFoPsEUT0-00033-00024848-00025240 i remember it smells really good yeah it smells very cinnamony ibzFoPsEUT0-00034-00026736-00027464 i like this one oh whoa oh whoa no do you not taste anything i like it it's like packed with the ibzFoPsEUT0-00035-00027464-00028039 cake or cinnamon at the end i like this one a lot more this one's pretty good i like it ibzFoPsEUT0-00036-00028039-00028624 i do this one keto chocolate no wonder you picked it he's a chocolate lover ibzFoPsEUT0-00037-00028895-00029392 is that just oh is that just chocolate no i think it's also the puff oh but i mean like it's just ibzFoPsEUT0-00038-00029392-00029952 chocolate yeah i probably i don't know it's just chocolate and the wafer inside yep it tastes like ibzFoPsEUT0-00039-00029952-00030568 a crunch bar in ball form tastes like whopper no is it dark chocolate it is huh i think so not my ibzFoPsEUT0-00040-00030568-00031280 favorite but probably your favorite moving on yep moving on tangy barbecue oh barbecue that ibzFoPsEUT0-00041-00031280-00031839 that weird crunch that you had you're hearing that that's consistency going out the window ibzFoPsEUT0-00042-00032080-00032504 whoa smells like mcdonald's chicken nuggets barbecue sauce ibzFoPsEUT0-00043-00032504-00032992 oh wow the smell is good though it's super strong yeah okay ibzFoPsEUT0-00044-00033528-00034424 barbecue flavor for sure tastes like lace barbecue yeah barbecue flavor is it like a bag has 15 grams ibzFoPsEUT0-00045-00034424-00034944 of protein and two grams of sugar and three grams of net carbs i think so if you just ibzFoPsEUT0-00046-00034944-00035808 finish the whole pack that's a lot of protein okay your favorite what is it baked cheddar oh cheese ibzFoPsEUT0-00047-00036136-00036536 oh my god it looks like it just looks like cheeto balls ibzFoPsEUT0-00048-00036536-00036920 yeah the regular cheetos the hot cheeto shots are my favorite gosh ibzFoPsEUT0-00049-00037224-00037640 because i've tasted what regular cheetos taste like you know it felt like an imitation ibzFoPsEUT0-00050-00037640-00038584 yeah it doesn't quite but for a keto person this is your closest to your best bet the cheetos ibzFoPsEUT0-00051-00038784-00039744 now we have jalapeno cheddar i smell the jalapeno i don't like how come i don't like jalapenos ready ibzFoPsEUT0-00052-00040032-00040616 a little kick yeah that cake is weird though that's the jalapeno that i don't like i was ibzFoPsEUT0-00053-00040616-00041264 expecting flaming hot cheetos it's not bad but you want like a spicy chip this is your go-to it's ibzFoPsEUT0-00054-00041264-00041920 pretty it's got a big kick to it what is it okay if you want to make a package like this please be ibzFoPsEUT0-00055-00041920-00042544 specific or what this is chicago style did you just say chicago say that again ibzFoPsEUT0-00056-00042608-00043632 chicago you're choking why you're joking you're not joking no i'm not joking chicago ibzFoPsEUT0-00057-00043632-00044640 no stop why do you pronounce it like cheddar oh it's chicago is this chicago yeah i don't know ibzFoPsEUT0-00058-00044640-00045328 is that really chicago i keep thinking it's chicago stop you know he says like a cheddar ibzFoPsEUT0-00059-00045432-00046184 is it like what people say like hawaii and hawaii well that's just for natives is it chicago ibzFoPsEUT0-00060-00046184-00047000 it's chicago stop that you stop that right now what is chicago style pizza ibzFoPsEUT0-00061-00047320-00048552 yay oh oh it tastes like the lunchable pizza sauce have you had it have you had it yes the ibzFoPsEUT0-00062-00048552-00049184 little circle yeah it's the it's the red pesto sauce that's what it tastes like i find it good ibzFoPsEUT0-00063-00049240-00049512 i'd rather eat a pizza though but it's good me too ibzFoPsEUT0-00064-00049728-00049904 my favorite salted caramel ibzFoPsEUT0-00065-00050280-00050840 that one has the most carbs my favorite no we're not quitters ibzFoPsEUT0-00066-00051112-00051752 oh wow it does smell like salted coconut this is so good it smells like caramel ibzFoPsEUT0-00067-00051752-00052367 syrup oh my god i did not expect it to be so like white okay chairs um ibzFoPsEUT0-00068-00052464-00053296 bomb oh my god bomb oh my god bomb bomb it's pretty interesting whoa this one's the most ibzFoPsEUT0-00069-00053296-00053991 like it's very flavorful so good it's almost like it has like a thin like powdery coat all over it ibzFoPsEUT0-00070-00053991-00055000 i was sweet and light i was expecting creamy bomb bomb bomb all right rocked one cheers cheers ibzFoPsEUT0-00071-00055376-00056064 wow you like that one huh bomb all right okay which one is your ibzFoPsEUT0-00072-00056136-00056936 least favorite first oh no i don't even remember well there's still some in there so you can try it ibzFoPsEUT0-00073-00056936-00057512 my least favorite is probably that cheddar joint yeah the cheddar one really surprisingly because i ibzFoPsEUT0-00074-00057512-00058008 like the the regular cheetos so i can't go back to like i can't you know it's just weird yes ibzFoPsEUT0-00075-00058008-00058608 that's probably my least favorite okay that's your lease and what's yours my least favorite ibzFoPsEUT0-00076-00058608-00059272 would be jalapeno cheddar oh the jalapeno chip wow why because the taste is just not the same as ibzFoPsEUT0-00077-00059272-00059848 a jalapeno it just you have that kick but the jalapeno that's like that strawberry yeah well ibzFoPsEUT0-00078-00059848-00060384 i don't really like jalapeno in general so it's kind of okay well you already know my favorite ibzFoPsEUT0-00079-00060464-00061184 caramel actually i have a few this one's really good that cinnamon one is really good cinnamon ibzFoPsEUT0-00080-00061184-00061864 roll crunch and i like the strawberry one these are my top three i actually like this savory ones ibzFoPsEUT0-00081-00061864-00062528 uh although i do like the keto chocolate ones of course but um i like this one the barbecue one oh ibzFoPsEUT0-00082-00062584-00063576 interesting barbecue it's very good top three and also the chocolate okay and uh the pizza chicago ibzFoPsEUT0-00083-00063576-00064167 pizza oh my god i can't believe you really say chicago you don't like the caramel no i mean i ibzFoPsEUT0-00084-00064167-00064840 like it but i don't think that's my favorite i personally because i also when i'm not on keto ibzFoPsEUT0-00085-00064840-00065664 i like my puffs like salty instead of sweet so i felt weird when i eat this oh yeah well i've ibzFoPsEUT0-00086-00065664-00066256 never had puffs normally so to me it's like a like a cereal yeah and i can eat it oh yeah you ibzFoPsEUT0-00087-00066256-00066624 can actually make it as a cigarette but like i put in milk i wonder if it's in the sauce yeah ibzFoPsEUT0-00088-00066744-00067352 oh and since it's a small sample packs you can actually mix them all together i feel like it too ibzFoPsEUT0-00089-00067352-00067832 i was gonna say you can totally mix together like yeah but for sweet ones of course but if you put ibzFoPsEUT0-00090-00067832-00068488 chicago pizza in there then i'm like i'm sorry ew gross those are good none of them were like ibzFoPsEUT0-00091-00068488-00069048 really bad yeah i'm going to put the link of the sample ones i don't know if they still have this ibzFoPsEUT0-00092-00069048-00069768 promotion but definitely go check out better than good foods i don't know why you have that name but ibzFoPsEUT0-00093-00069912-00070608 it's good enough i like it if you're on keto this is something that you can do and uh on that note ibzFoPsEUT0-00094-00070672-00071096 thank you sandy for being here and i'll see you next time ibzFoPsEUT0-00095-00071096-00071608 bye oh don't forget to like and subscribe and hit that notification ibzFoPsEUT0-00096-00071608-00072304 bell so you don't miss any of our updates anyway bye the second time ibzFoPsEUT0-00097-00072664-00073384 yo this one's good i'm gonna finish the chocolate one oh you want take some to mom to try it ibzFoPsEUT0-00098-00073608-00073936 why oh for me oh ibOZ7yRW1TE-00000-00000000-00000050 hey guys i am happy that you watch my videos ibXK-97E8aQ-00000-00000000-00000700 Transcriber: Robert Tucker Reviewer: amit geva ibXK-97E8aQ-00001-00001105-00001403 A few months ago I was going through some boxes in my attic ibXK-97E8aQ-00002-00001403-00001674 when I came across this dress. And I actually made this ibXK-97E8aQ-00003-00001674-00001952 when I was a 20-year-old student at university ibXK-97E8aQ-00004-00001952-00002163 to wear to my end-of-year ball. ibXK-97E8aQ-00005-00002163-00002492 I'm not a fashion designer and I'm only an amateur dressmaker ibXK-97E8aQ-00006-00002492-00002692 and you can see that I based it on this pattern, ibXK-97E8aQ-00007-00002692-00002961 which is by a American designer called Badgley Mischka, ibXK-97E8aQ-00008-00002961-00003164 and it's published by Vogue. ibXK-97E8aQ-00009-00003164-00003542 But this is not talk all about me and my amateur dressmaking abilities, ibXK-97E8aQ-00010-00003542-00003849 I want to talk about how fashion has become more democratic ibXK-97E8aQ-00011-00003849-00004106 over the last 400 years or so. ibXK-97E8aQ-00012-00004106-00004428 And I'm going do that by comparing my dress here ibXK-97E8aQ-00013-00004428-00004713 to some paintings all in the Royal Collection. ibXK-97E8aQ-00014-00004713-00004971 By more democratic I'm taking that to mean ibXK-97E8aQ-00015-00004971-00005273 fashion has become available to a broader section of society ibXK-97E8aQ-00016-00005273-00005478 and it's more open to individual choice. ibXK-97E8aQ-00017-00005620-00006006 So the first point to be made is that the majority of fabrics ibXK-97E8aQ-00018-00006006-00006246 were simply unavailable to the majority of the population ibXK-97E8aQ-00019-00006246-00006472 in the 16th and 17th century. ibXK-97E8aQ-00020-00006473-00006723 It was the materials that drove the cost of clothing, ibXK-97E8aQ-00021-00006723-00007020 not the labour involved in, for example, the tailor making them up. ibXK-97E8aQ-00022-00007081-00007316 And even the very rich, so Henry VIII for example, ibXK-97E8aQ-00023-00007316-00007758 recycled his clothing and tailored them and changed them as fashions changed. ibXK-97E8aQ-00024-00007859-00008193 It's not an exaggeration to say that in Shakespeare's time ibXK-97E8aQ-00025-00008193-00008544 a high-quality man's cloak could cost more than a house, ibXK-97E8aQ-00026-00008544-00008805 and clothes were far more expensive than paintings. ibXK-97E8aQ-00027-00008805-00009016 So if you look at this painting here of Charles I, ibXK-97E8aQ-00028-00009016-00009311 we've already heard about him, with his family, ibXK-97E8aQ-00029-00009311-00009693 Charles in this painting is wearing a suit that probably cost around a £150, ibXK-97E8aQ-00030-00009693-00009915 we know that from his wardrobe inventories, ibXK-97E8aQ-00031-00009915-00010297 but the painting only cost £100 and it's by van Dyke. ibXK-97E8aQ-00032-00010297-00010468 Van Dyke's just arrived from Antwerp, ibXK-97E8aQ-00033-00010468-00010750 he's one of the most famous artists working at this time, ibXK-97E8aQ-00034-00010750-00010959 and the clothes that you see cost more than the painting. ibXK-97E8aQ-00035-00010959-00011238 The painting is huge as well, it's a major commission, ibXK-97E8aQ-00036-00011238-00011445 and it only cost £100. ibXK-97E8aQ-00037-00011530-00011873 Charles spent approximately £5000 a year on clothes, ibXK-97E8aQ-00038-00011873-00012076 and that wasn't even seen as particularly extravagant. ibXK-97E8aQ-00039-00012076-00012218 He was criticized for many things, ibXK-97E8aQ-00040-00012219-00012524 but his clothing extravagance wasn't one of them. ibXK-97E8aQ-00041-00012525-00012931 So if we turn to my dress, the fabric for this cost £10, ibXK-97E8aQ-00042-00012931-00013283 I found it in a remnant basket in a fabric shop in Lewisham. ibXK-97E8aQ-00043-00013283-00013462 Fabrics are so much cheaper nowadays ibXK-97E8aQ-00044-00013462-00013662 because we can get synthetic fibres ibXK-97E8aQ-00045-00013662-00013936 that can imitate the more expensive fibres such as silk, ibXK-97E8aQ-00046-00013936-00014267 which is what this is, and also the processes of mechanization ibXK-97E8aQ-00047-00014267-00014479 mean that weaving and dying are much quicker ibXK-97E8aQ-00048-00014479-00014649 and don't have to be done by hand. ibXK-97E8aQ-00049-00014736-00015132 Moreover, today you can be fashionable without wearing expensive materials. ibXK-97E8aQ-00050-00015132-00015401 So in the 16th and 17th century to be fashionable, ibXK-97E8aQ-00051-00015401-00015616 you really had to wear the most expensive silks, ibXK-97E8aQ-00052-00015616-00015836 and they usually came from Italy. ibXK-97E8aQ-00053-00015836-00016148 Nowadays though, you don't have to be particularly expensive ibXK-97E8aQ-00054-00016148-00016382 in your fabric choice in order to be fashionable. ibXK-97E8aQ-00055-00016382-00016663 So, for example, the trend towards vintage clothing ibXK-97E8aQ-00056-00016663-00016936 positively emphasizes being thrifty, ibXK-97E8aQ-00057-00016936-00017280 and people are proud of buying something for a cheap price. ibXK-97E8aQ-00058-00017348-00017648 And even high-end designers often use cheap fabrics ibXK-97E8aQ-00059-00017648-00018004 like cheap undyed cotton like this t-shirt that I'm wearing here today, ibXK-97E8aQ-00060-00018004-00018379 as a fashion item, as a backdrop for their logo ibXK-97E8aQ-00061-00018379-00018745 or for a charitable message, like this t-shirt's for breast cancer, ibXK-97E8aQ-00062-00018745-00018953 or as a political slogan. ibXK-97E8aQ-00063-00019103-00019383 White t-shirts, also, have remained a fashion basic, ibXK-97E8aQ-00064-00019383-00019755 so Vogue every year seems to proclaim the importance of a white t-shirt ibXK-97E8aQ-00065-00019755-00020021 or a white vest as a fashion basic. ibXK-97E8aQ-00066-00020123-00020559 So imagine you were a merchant in Elizabethan times ibXK-97E8aQ-00067-00020559-00020838 and you'd made your money, you were an up-and-coming member ibXK-97E8aQ-00068-00020838-00021083 of the middle-class society, and you'd made your money ibXK-97E8aQ-00069-00021083-00021340 importing something new like pepper. ibXK-97E8aQ-00070-00021403-00021738 Even if you wanted to display how wealthy you were through your clothing, ibXK-97E8aQ-00071-00021738-00022077 and that's, let's face it, one of the best ways of doing it, ibXK-97E8aQ-00072-00022077-00022435 you might not have been allowed to wear exactly what you wanted to wear. ibXK-97E8aQ-00073-00022435-00022821 And that's due to the presence of what are called sumptuary laws. ibXK-97E8aQ-00074-00022927-00023325 These specified exactly what fabric, what colours, and what types of garments ibXK-97E8aQ-00075-00023325-00023598 you could wear at every level in society. So, for example, ibXK-97E8aQ-00076-00023598-00023932 an earl would be allowed to wear different things to a duke. ibXK-97E8aQ-00077-00024000-00024369 These weren't a new thing, they'd been around since ancient Rome, ibXK-97E8aQ-00078-00024369-00024705 so the emperor was the only person allowed to wear a toga ibXK-97E8aQ-00079-00024705-00024941 dyed with Tyrian purple, a very expensive dye, ibXK-97E8aQ-00080-00024941-00025162 extracted from sea snails. ibXK-97E8aQ-00081-00025162-00025522 But in the 16th century they really reached their apogee, ibXK-97E8aQ-00082-00025522-00025835 Henry VIII and Elizabeth I loved sumptuary laws, ibXK-97E8aQ-00083-00025835-00026221 and they kept releasing new ones throughout the century. ibXK-97E8aQ-00084-00026221-00026434 And I think that's due to the fact that the 16th century ibXK-97E8aQ-00085-00026434-00026688 really sees the rise of this new merchant class, ibXK-97E8aQ-00086-00026688-00026975 who were able to imitate their superiors ibXK-97E8aQ-00087-00026975-00027234 or the nobility because they had the money to do so. ibXK-97E8aQ-00088-00027334-00027576 I'm going talk about sumptuary laws through this painting ibXK-97E8aQ-00089-00027576-00027860 which is a portrait of Elizabeth as a princess, ibXK-97E8aQ-00090-00027860-00028127 so she's probably only about 14 years old here. ibXK-97E8aQ-00091-00028127-00028342 And I'm going to talk about some of the fabrics that she's wearing ibXK-97E8aQ-00092-00028342-00028629 and exactly where they fit into the sumptuary laws. ibXK-97E8aQ-00093-00028664-00028944 So, she's wearing a gown, it's probably of silk ibXK-97E8aQ-00094-00028944-00029110 and it's been dyed with red. ibXK-97E8aQ-00095-00029110-00029441 And the red here probably comes from cochineal, ibXK-97E8aQ-00096-00029441-00029717 which is created by crushing insects ibXK-97E8aQ-00097-00029717-00030048 and it was imported from South America during the 16th century. ibXK-97E8aQ-00098-00030048-00030305 The Spaniards really controlled its distribution in Europe, ibXK-97E8aQ-00099-00030305-00030593 and they really held a monopoly, it was such an expensive dye, ibXK-97E8aQ-00100-00030593-00030845 it became a real target for piracy. ibXK-97E8aQ-00101-00030982-00031125 She's also, if you look closely, ibXK-97E8aQ-00102-00031125-00031368 you can see on this detail that I've blown up here, ibXK-97E8aQ-00103-00031368-00031633 the fabrics seems to have been woven with metal threads, ibXK-97E8aQ-00104-00031633-00031948 so imagine a piece of fabric, it has threads running up and down ibXK-97E8aQ-00105-00031948-00032297 and then threads running from side to side which are known as the weft threads. ibXK-97E8aQ-00106-00032297-00032525 And this one, as well as having the red silk, ibXK-97E8aQ-00107-00032525-00032836 it has metal threads here which are probably of real gold. ibXK-97E8aQ-00108-00032836-00033110 So imagine a gold coin that's been flattened, hammered, ibXK-97E8aQ-00109-00033110-00033326 many times to make it really thin, ibXK-97E8aQ-00110-00033326-00033698 and it's then been cut into strips which are wrapped around a silk core ibXK-97E8aQ-00111-00033698-00033951 and then that's used to weave into the clothing. ibXK-97E8aQ-00112-00033951-00034191 So you're literally wearing real gold here. ibXK-97E8aQ-00113-00034191-00034511 It's extraordinarily heavy and it could even be melted down; ibXK-97E8aQ-00114-00034511-00034846 if times got particularly hard you could turn your clothes back into gold bullion. ibXK-97E8aQ-00115-00034906-00035271 So, that's why there are so few surviving of this type of fabric, ibXK-97E8aQ-00116-00035271-00035509 we only have really tiny samples. ibXK-97E8aQ-00117-00035581-00036117 So both of those things, the red dye and the fabrics woven with gold thread ibXK-97E8aQ-00118-00036117-00036359 were strictly limited to the nobility. ibXK-97E8aQ-00119-00036359-00036683 You weren't allowed to wear them if you weren't born into that class. ibXK-97E8aQ-00120-00036683-00036899 However, Elizabeth wants to say something else; ibXK-97E8aQ-00121-00036899-00037098 she wants to say that she's royal. ibXK-97E8aQ-00122-00037098-00037336 And she's doing that through, you can see the red fabrics ibXK-97E8aQ-00123-00037336-00037658 on the right of this detail and then there's another fabric here on the left, ibXK-97E8aQ-00124-00037658-00037878 this makes up what's called her forepart here ibXK-97E8aQ-00125-00037878-00038096 which is at the front of the skirt. ibXK-97E8aQ-00126-00038096-00038369 And that fabric's been woven from silver thread ibXK-97E8aQ-00127-00038369-00038716 and then it has these tiny little loops of gold thread coming up; ibXK-97E8aQ-00128-00038716-00038935 you can just about see them, the artist taking great care ibXK-97E8aQ-00129-00038935-00039112 to depict them really carefully. ibXK-97E8aQ-00130-00039112-00039273 And you could only wear this, ibXK-97E8aQ-00131-00039273-00039594 which at this time was called cloth of silver tissued with gold, ibXK-97E8aQ-00132-00039594-00039771 if you're a member of the royal family. ibXK-97E8aQ-00133-00039771-00039951 So she's making a very conscious statement here ibXK-97E8aQ-00134-00039951-00040188 about exactly where she fits into society. ibXK-97E8aQ-00135-00040260-00040485 So lets turn again to my dress. ibXK-97E8aQ-00136-00040485-00040691 I was allowed to wear whatever colour I wanted, ibXK-97E8aQ-00137-00040691-00040944 any type of fabric, any type of garment, ibXK-97E8aQ-00138-00040944-00041249 there weren't any dress restrictions on me. ibXK-97E8aQ-00139-00041294-00041628 In terms of colour, this dress, it might not be very clear to see, ibXK-97E8aQ-00140-00041628-00041799 but it's actually a very dark blue ibXK-97E8aQ-00141-00041799-00042374 and in terms of 16th and 17th century dyes it's most close to indigo. ibXK-97E8aQ-00142-00042374-00042636 Which was another expensive dye, imported from India ibXK-97E8aQ-00143-00042636-00042869 and again limited to the nobility. ibXK-97E8aQ-00144-00042869-00043214 If you were someone of my status, I'd classify myself as middle class, ibXK-97E8aQ-00145-00043214-00043728 you'd have to make do with woad instead, which chemically related to indigo, ibXK-97E8aQ-00146-00043728-00043940 but it was found in Britain, it was much cheaper, ibXK-97E8aQ-00147-00043940-00044257 it was much less colourfast, so it would wash out more quickly, ibXK-97E8aQ-00148-00044257-00044495 and it produced a much less intense colour. ibXK-97E8aQ-00149-00044531-00044846 I think it's really interesting that we've sort of come full circle, ibXK-97E8aQ-00150-00044846-00045190 so the synthetic version of indigo is actually used still ibXK-97E8aQ-00151-00045190-00045748 to dye one of the most democratic, I think, items of clothing, blue jeans. ibXK-97E8aQ-00152-00045748-00046221 I'm wearing my version of democratic clothing, here, today, in front of you. ibXK-97E8aQ-00153-00046221-00046604 Synthetic indigo produces the full range of colours for blue jeans. ibXK-97E8aQ-00154-00046754-00047103 Blue jeans have their origins, incidentally, in 19th century men's working clothing, ibXK-97E8aQ-00155-00047103-00047339 so again, it's moving that working-class dress ibXK-97E8aQ-00156-00047339-00047884 to spread across all different countries, ages, genders and social classes. ibXK-97E8aQ-00157-00048050-00048375 So, the next point to make is that when I put my dress on ibXK-97E8aQ-00158-00048375-00048598 I didn't have to have any help to get into it, ibXK-97E8aQ-00159-00048598-00048882 I simply put it on and zipped it up, it was very simple. ibXK-97E8aQ-00160-00048882-00049307 But that's definitely not true for someone like Anne of Denmark. ibXK-97E8aQ-00161-00049307-00049616 To get into what she's wearing here would have required lots of help, ibXK-97E8aQ-00162-00049616-00049829 and it would have taken a really long time. ibXK-97E8aQ-00163-00049829-00050186 I'm going show you some of the ways that she's showing that through her dress. ibXK-97E8aQ-00164-00050216-00050598 So, she's wearing a skirt, and that skirt before she put it on, ibXK-97E8aQ-00165-00050598-00050983 it would probably have been a pretty simple strip of fabric, ibXK-97E8aQ-00166-00050983-00051270 and it's been put over what's called a farthingale, ibXK-97E8aQ-00167-00051270-00051516 so that gives it this sort of drum-like shape, ibXK-97E8aQ-00168-00051516-00051867 and each of the pleats that you can see around her waist would have been set ibXK-97E8aQ-00169-00051867-00052200 everyday and pinned into place by her maidservant. ibXK-97E8aQ-00170-00052232-00052617 It would be nothing without that, and she'd have to do that every day. ibXK-97E8aQ-00171-00052617-00052816 Other features to draw attention to are: ibXK-97E8aQ-00172-00052816-00053226 the fact that she has had her hair set over a wire frame, ibXK-97E8aQ-00173-00053226-00053458 jewels set into it, she's wearing a bracelet ibXK-97E8aQ-00174-00053458-00053696 that it's actually impossible to tie yourself, ibXK-97E8aQ-00175-00053696-00053920 someone would have needed to do that for her, ibXK-97E8aQ-00176-00053920-00054351 and her sleeves would have needed to be tied into the shoulder, ibXK-97E8aQ-00177-00054351-00054603 they actually would've been separate probably at this time. ibXK-97E8aQ-00178-00054676-00055029 So this is all telling us that she needs servants, she can afford servants, ibXK-97E8aQ-00179-00055029-00055345 and she has lots of spare time to spend on her appearance, ibXK-97E8aQ-00180-00055345-00055721 and she has no need to labour outside or do anything useful like work ibXK-97E8aQ-00181-00055721-00056013 and that also is showing by her very pale skin, ibXK-97E8aQ-00182-00056013-00056415 which was the most fashionable type of skin until the 20th century, ibXK-97E8aQ-00183-00056415-00056764 a suntan not being popular until it began to represent ibXK-97E8aQ-00184-00056764-00057007 the fact that you could go abroad and could afford holidays. ibXK-97E8aQ-00185-00057145-00057392 So, the pace of change of fashion ibXK-97E8aQ-00186-00057392-00057702 has change dramatically over the last 400 years. ibXK-97E8aQ-00187-00057702-00058119 That's due to better communication, so we can spread ideas more quickly, ibXK-97E8aQ-00188-00058122-00058398 and also due to better methods of production. ibXK-97E8aQ-00189-00058398-00058708 The sewing machine, just to go back to my dress, ibXK-97E8aQ-00190-00058708-00058927 was a major change in the 19th century ibXK-97E8aQ-00191-00058927-00059348 that meant that even amateur dressmakers could translate designer clothing ibXK-97E8aQ-00192-00059349-00059690 into their own version without the £500 price tag: ibXK-97E8aQ-00193-00059690-00060005 Badgley Mischka - that's the average price of one of their gowns. ibXK-97E8aQ-00194-00060115-00060457 Taking this into the digital age, companies like Cubify ibXK-97E8aQ-00195-00060457-00060742 have created what are called 3D printers. ibXK-97E8aQ-00196-00060742-00061140 So this is the next step after sewing machines; ibXK-97E8aQ-00197-00061140-00061319 you can create your own shoes ibXK-97E8aQ-00198-00061319-00061568 and change the size or the colour or the details, ibXK-97E8aQ-00199-00061568-00061737 and print it in your own home, ibXK-97E8aQ-00200-00061738-00062116 so I wonder if this is where the production of fashion is going next. ibXK-97E8aQ-00201-00062519-00062880 In the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as having these laws set out ibXK-97E8aQ-00202-00062880-00063232 about exactly what you could wear, you also had these social etiquette rules ibXK-97E8aQ-00203-00063232-00063552 that weren't necessarily laid in stone but that everyone adhered to. ibXK-97E8aQ-00204-00063552-00063863 And I'm going to give you one example, which is that of hat honour. ibXK-97E8aQ-00205-00063863-00064094 And in this painting which shows Charles II, ibXK-97E8aQ-00206-00064094-00064293 we've heard about him earlier as well, ibXK-97E8aQ-00207-00064293-00064601 he's actually wearing a hat in this painting, ibXK-97E8aQ-00208-00064601-00065004 and everyone else, apart from the members of his family, have taken their hats off. ibXK-97E8aQ-00209-00065006-00065357 Removing your hat was a mark of deference to your social superiors ibXK-97E8aQ-00210-00065357-00065677 and to not do so would have meant real trouble. ibXK-97E8aQ-00211-00065750-00066170 So the other members of his family, he's got his two brothers and his nephew, ibXK-97E8aQ-00212-00066170-00066358 and they all still have their hats on. ibXK-97E8aQ-00213-00066358-00066501 Everyone else has taken theirs off; ibXK-97E8aQ-00214-00066501-00066741 there's actually one just here in the shadows, ibXK-97E8aQ-00215-00066741-00066926 and another man up there is holding his, ibXK-97E8aQ-00216-00066926-00067186 the artist being very careful to depict the fact ibXK-97E8aQ-00217-00067186-00067476 that this hat etiquette is being adhered to. ibXK-97E8aQ-00218-00067581-00067802 I didn't have to wear a hat with my ball gown, ibXK-97E8aQ-00219-00067802-00068081 but there are still occasions, we've seen at Ascot ibXK-97E8aQ-00220-00068081-00068353 that a hat is the expected attire for women. ibXK-97E8aQ-00221-00068353-00068581 And remnants of hat honour still exist today, ibXK-97E8aQ-00222-00068581-00068831 so a man going into church or attending a funeral ibXK-97E8aQ-00223-00068831-00069083 will generally remove his hat as a mark of respect. ibXK-97E8aQ-00224-00069195-00069594 So, I hope I've given you some ideas of how fashion's become more democratic, ibXK-97E8aQ-00225-00069594-00069815 it's no longer limited to the elite, ibXK-97E8aQ-00226-00069815-00070137 you can be fashionable in cheap clothes that are quick to put on, ibXK-97E8aQ-00227-00070137-00070386 and there's much more choice available. ibXK-97E8aQ-00228-00070386-00070688 Even though the fashion press can sometimes seem quite dictatorial ibXK-97E8aQ-00229-00070688-00070971 using terms like "must haves for this season", ibXK-97E8aQ-00230-00070971-00071174 there aren't actually any laws any more ibXK-97E8aQ-00231-00071174-00071393 about exactly what you must wear or must not wear, ibXK-97E8aQ-00232-00071393-00071576 in the Western world at least. ibXK-97E8aQ-00233-00071635-00072027 However, we do still face some unspoken societal customs, ibXK-97E8aQ-00234-00072027-00072411 so the male business suit which is such an important part of the male wardrobe ibXK-97E8aQ-00235-00072411-00072714 for the majority of people working in a professional environment, ibXK-97E8aQ-00236-00072714-00073023 and most MP's and politicians do stick to that as well. ibXK-97E8aQ-00237-00073064-00073477 Even dress-down Fridays are sort of renowned for their uniformity of dress. ibXK-97E8aQ-00238-00073532-00073721 So I've been wondering if politicians ibXK-97E8aQ-00239-00073721-00074039 would better represent their enthusiasm for democracy ibXK-97E8aQ-00240-00074039-00074294 and perhaps better represent the people that they serve ibXK-97E8aQ-00241-00074294-00074481 by being more varied in their dress. ibXK-97E8aQ-00242-00074516-00074899 Maybe we've seen this in newsreaders over the last 10 years with the loss of tie, ibXK-97E8aQ-00243-00074899-00075185 are they trying to be more like the people they represent? ibXK-97E8aQ-00244-00075241-00075448 However, I'm a little concerned that as a country ibXK-97E8aQ-00245-00075448-00075634 I don't think we're quite ready for it yet. ibXK-97E8aQ-00246-00075634-00075986 Just think of the response to some news articles ibXK-97E8aQ-00247-00075986-00076281 where there were photographs of politicians taken in their own time, ibXK-97E8aQ-00248-00076281-00076441 in their free time, on holiday, ibXK-97E8aQ-00249-00076441-00076805 and the kind of weird reaction we have to seeing them perhaps wearing jeans. ibXK-97E8aQ-00250-00076865-00077282 Indeed many people equate being dressed smartly with being confident; ibXK-97E8aQ-00251-00077282-00077558 so we have confidence in people when they dress smartly ibXK-97E8aQ-00252-00077558-00077782 and we think that they have more confidence themselves. ibXK-97E8aQ-00253-00077782-00077996 I was actually a bit worried coming to speak to you today ibXK-97E8aQ-00254-00077996-00078326 wearing jeans and t-shirt, and I wondered if it would affect my performance, ibXK-97E8aQ-00255-00078326-00078682 would I still be able to think as clearly as I would if I were more smartly dressed. ibXK-97E8aQ-00256-00078682-00078983 In the Royal Collection we don't wear jeans even on Fridays. ibXK-97E8aQ-00257-00079106-00079572 I've heard of a tutor who recommended to his students ibXK-97E8aQ-00258-00079572-00079813 that rather than cram on the morning of an exam ibXK-97E8aQ-00259-00079813-00080222 they should spend the time instead getting very smartly dressed, ibXK-97E8aQ-00260-00080222-00080448 spend time on their appearance, because he equated ibXK-97E8aQ-00261-00080448-00080756 being physically prepared with being mentally prepared. ibXK-97E8aQ-00262-00080813-00081078 So, I wonder, do politicians feel that their clothes ibXK-97E8aQ-00263-00081078-00081293 affect their performance at all. ibXK-97E8aQ-00264-00081293-00081607 Is their uniformity in clothing, does it have an impact on their willingness ibXK-97E8aQ-00265-00081607-00082000 to perhaps break away from what everyone else is saying and thinking, ibXK-97E8aQ-00266-00082000-00082250 and does it have any effect on that? ibXK-97E8aQ-00267-00082276-00082592 Is the blue and red tie convention a help or a hindrance? ibXK-97E8aQ-00268-00082638-00082807 Thank you. ibXK-97E8aQ-00269-00082808-00082986 (Applause) icY8JE_-H60-00000-00000128-00000672 Very frequently, outside the classroom, icY8JE_-H60-00001-00000672-00001120 if you want a definite integral you're going to have icY8JE_-H60-00002-00001120-00001944 to numerically approximate it; and again outside of the classroom icY8JE_-H60-00003-00001944-00002408 you'd use a computer to do the approximation icY8JE_-H60-00004-00002480-00003208 but it's not a bad thing to know at least on an elementary level icY8JE_-H60-00005-00003311-00004112 some of the numerical algorithms a computer might be using. icY8JE_-H60-00006-00004272-00004760 In this video we'll present the midpoint rule, icY8JE_-H60-00007-00004856-00005272 a numerical approximation technique icY8JE_-H60-00008-00005576-00006759 Now we already have a technique for approximating definite integrals; icY8JE_-H60-00009-00006984-00008912 definite integrals are limits of Riemann sums, icY8JE_-H60-00010-00009104-00009984 ergo a Riemann sum can be used to approximate a definite integral. icY8JE_-H60-00011-00010280-00010888 Let's remind ourselves of what a Riemann sum is icY8JE_-H60-00012-00011184-00012080 We've got a curve, we've got an interval that we're looking at, icY8JE_-H60-00013-00012216-00012744 and we're trying to estimate the area under the curve. icY8JE_-H60-00014-00013047-00013632 We break this interval into smaller pieces, icY8JE_-H60-00015-00013728-00014104 for the purposes of the midpoint rule icY8JE_-H60-00016-00014104-00014776 let's assume these pieces are all of equal length, icY8JE_-H60-00017-00015000-00015752 in each of these pieces you select a point, icY8JE_-H60-00018-00016008-00016224 could be any point, icY8JE_-H60-00019-00016432-00016984 and you go up until you hit the curve icY8JE_-H60-00020-00017272-00018384 and then you create a rectangle icY8JE_-H60-00021-00018984-00019496 you repeat that process for each of these sub-intervals, icY8JE_-H60-00022-00019760-00020312 you add the areas of the rectangles together, icY8JE_-H60-00023-00020488-00021184 and there's your approximation of the definite integral. icY8JE_-H60-00024-00021264-00021728 The midpoint rule just says that when icY8JE_-H60-00025-00022208-00023984 you select point to create these subintervals icY8JE_-H60-00026-00024616-00025624 you should use the midpoint in order to make icY8JE_-H60-00027-00025624-00026152 your approximation as good as possible icY8JE_-H60-00028-00026448-00026783 So let's repeat this process, icY8JE_-H60-00029-00027464-00027960 we have a function on an interval, icY8JE_-H60-00030-00028064-00028468 we're trying to approximate its integral, icY8JE_-H60-00031-00028648-00028952 we break the interval up, icY8JE_-H60-00032-00028952-00029432 trying to approximate the area I should say icY8JE_-H60-00033-00029495-00030008 we break the interval up into sub-intervals icY8JE_-H60-00034-00030144-00030880 and we use those sub-intervals to create rectangles, icY8JE_-H60-00035-00030936-00031472 but this time instead of letting these points be wherever, icY8JE_-H60-00036-00031576-00032383 we make them be the midpoint, icY8JE_-H60-00037-00032688-00033208 and we create our rectangles icY8JE_-H60-00038-00033648-00033784 as before icY8JE_-H60-00039-00034040-00035168 and add up their areas, and you see this does maybe look icY8JE_-H60-00040-00035168-00036016 like a better approximation; we don't have this large white area icY8JE_-H60-00041-00036160-00036736 that we are missing, I mean this region here is part icY8JE_-H60-00042-00036736-00037296 of the area under the curve, but it's not included icY8JE_-H60-00043-00037296-00037656 in any of these rectangles, icY8JE_-H60-00044-00037744-00038672 here this region has shrunk to a much smaller piece. idOcLjPgwSY-00000-00000045-00000320 The world of gaming had changed. idOcLjPgwSY-00001-00000320-00000963 The PlayStation had ushered in a new era of polygonal graphics in home consoles. idOcLjPgwSY-00002-00000963-00001467 For the first time, 3D rendered environments were possible on gaming devices that were idOcLjPgwSY-00003-00001467-00001737 in the homes of millions of people. idOcLjPgwSY-00004-00001737-00002257 Game makers were experimenting with an entirely new dimension as they found ways of making idOcLjPgwSY-00005-00002257-00002598 their games feel more immersive and alive. idOcLjPgwSY-00006-00002598-00003072 Some older 2-dimensional game genres were making the transition a lot more successfully idOcLjPgwSY-00007-00003072-00003252 than others. idOcLjPgwSY-00008-00003252-00003469 Hideo Kojima was excited. idOcLjPgwSY-00009-00003469-00004046 Where many of his colleagues saw the third dimension as an obstacle to overcome, he saw idOcLjPgwSY-00010-00004046-00004523 it as his opportunity to finally create the games he’d always wanted to make. idOcLjPgwSY-00011-00004523-00005094 Hideo, already a noteworthy game creator thanks to his work on the Metal Gear series, was idOcLjPgwSY-00012-00005094-00005654 about to blend video games and movie tropes in a way that had never been done before. idOcLjPgwSY-00013-00005654-00006216 He was going to use the impressive power of the PlayStation to completely revolutionize idOcLjPgwSY-00014-00006216-00008954 the idea of what a video game could be… idOcLjPgwSY-00015-00008954-00009538 Most people, Hideo insists, are made up of at least 70% water. idOcLjPgwSY-00016-00009538-00009750 But not Hideo himself. idOcLjPgwSY-00017-00009750-00010199 Instead, he is made up of 70% film. idOcLjPgwSY-00018-00010199-00010778 Hideo was raised by the television, and he’d always dreamed of making movies, before instead idOcLjPgwSY-00019-00010778-00011121 finding his niche making video games. idOcLjPgwSY-00020-00011121-00011667 Even as an adult and an established video game creator, he still felt the filmmaking idOcLjPgwSY-00021-00011667-00011807 itch. idOcLjPgwSY-00022-00011807-00012269 Whenever he was recording a home movie of his wife and son, he’d imagine he was a idOcLjPgwSY-00023-00012269-00012800 cameraman on a film set, and he’d do his best to incorporate sweeping camera shots idOcLjPgwSY-00024-00012800-00013312 that, he hoped, lent a greater production value to these videos. idOcLjPgwSY-00025-00013312-00013795 Hideo was working on a title called Policenauts when he first heard of the PlayStation’s idOcLjPgwSY-00026-00013795-00014004 technical specifications. idOcLjPgwSY-00027-00014004-00014190 He was blown away. idOcLjPgwSY-00028-00014190-00014741 Realizing just how powerful this machine was, he began to speculate about what games might idOcLjPgwSY-00029-00014741-00014954 look like on this new system. idOcLjPgwSY-00030-00014954-00015559 With the PlayStation, came an opportunity for Hideo to finally live his moviemaking idOcLjPgwSY-00031-00015559-00015659 dream. idOcLjPgwSY-00032-00015659-00016034 What if he created a game that was presented like a film? idOcLjPgwSY-00033-00016034-00016570 With dynamic camera angles, fleshed-out characters, and a strong narrative that kept the player idOcLjPgwSY-00034-00016570-00016874 motivated throughout the action? idOcLjPgwSY-00035-00016874-00017343 These elements weren’t entirely unheard of in gaming up to this point, but Hideo had idOcLjPgwSY-00036-00017343-00017954 lofty goals of tying everything together in a way that would create an interactive movie. idOcLjPgwSY-00037-00017954-00018386 He wanted this game to feel truly cinematic. idOcLjPgwSY-00038-00018386-00018897 While still working on Policenauts, Hideo began dreaming up ideas for this technically idOcLjPgwSY-00039-00018897-00019125 impressive new game. idOcLjPgwSY-00040-00019125-00019667 He decided that he wanted to return to the Metal Gear series, as now, with all the new idOcLjPgwSY-00041-00019667-00020225 graphical power afforded him by the PlayStation, he could make something new and innovative idOcLjPgwSY-00042-00020225-00020448 with this familiar franchise. idOcLjPgwSY-00043-00020448-00021123 He titled his new creation Metal Gear Solid; a reference to his lead character, Solid Snake, idOcLjPgwSY-00044-00021123-00021567 as well as an indication that this game would have dimensionality that was lacking from idOcLjPgwSY-00045-00021567-00021768 earlier titles. idOcLjPgwSY-00046-00021768-00022284 This game was to feel real and tangible thanks to its polygonal design. idOcLjPgwSY-00047-00022284-00022737 It was like moving from a flat 2D square to a 3D cube. idOcLjPgwSY-00048-00022737-00023040 It was also a subtle dig at a rival company. idOcLjPgwSY-00049-00023040-00023665 Hideo worked for Konami, who wanted to surpass Square, the makers of Final Fantasy. idOcLjPgwSY-00050-00023665-00024254 Hideo was going to show his rivals how to really get video game storytelling right. idOcLjPgwSY-00051-00024254-00024776 Cubes and blocks were also literally used in the development of the game. idOcLjPgwSY-00052-00024776-00025370 Where previously, Hideo had only needed to plot out level spaces on a single, flat plane, idOcLjPgwSY-00053-00025370-00025838 he now needed to think about the way players would explore a 3D environment. idOcLjPgwSY-00054-00025838-00026333 He needed to be able to see the various game areas from new angles before committing to idOcLjPgwSY-00055-00026333-00026470 layouts. idOcLjPgwSY-00056-00026470-00026844 The solution was to reach for Lego bricks. idOcLjPgwSY-00057-00026844-00027341 As Hideo plotted out the environments that Solid Snake would sneak around, he constructed idOcLjPgwSY-00058-00027341-00027704 areas in miniature to get a sense of the space. idOcLjPgwSY-00059-00027704-00027954 This made for an interesting office environment. idOcLjPgwSY-00060-00027954-00028585 At one point, Hideo’s son came to visit him at work, and after that, the little boy idOcLjPgwSY-00061-00028585-00029122 was convinced that his daddy’s job was to simply play with Lego all day! idOcLjPgwSY-00062-00029122-00029583 This wasn’t the only way that Hideo tried to make the game world feel more real during idOcLjPgwSY-00063-00029583-00029722 development. idOcLjPgwSY-00064-00029722-00030211 At one point, his team were able to perform research by meeting with a SWAT team at Huntington idOcLjPgwSY-00065-00030211-00030358 Beach in California. idOcLjPgwSY-00066-00030358-00030857 They were shown how tactical espionage takes place in the real world. idOcLjPgwSY-00067-00030857-00031291 The team were given the opportunity to watch and participate in drills featuring battering idOcLjPgwSY-00068-00031291-00031627 rams, explosives, firearms, and tanks. idOcLjPgwSY-00069-00031627-00032148 Hideo took particular glee in firing off rounds from a machine gun for the first time, while idOcLjPgwSY-00070-00032148-00032383 his coworkers viewed him warily. idOcLjPgwSY-00071-00032383-00032875 He also got stuck in with a battering ram at one point, haphazardly chipping away at idOcLjPgwSY-00072-00032875-00033329 a locked door piece by piece rather than managing to break it open instantly. idOcLjPgwSY-00073-00033329-00033967 Finally, when the door lay in ruins, he was treated to some slightly hesitant applause idOcLjPgwSY-00074-00033967-00034239 from onlooking SWAT members. idOcLjPgwSY-00075-00034239-00034713 Even back at work in their office, the team consulted regularly with a military advisor idOcLjPgwSY-00076-00034713-00035266 in order to ensure that Metal Gear Solid accurately portrayed a realistic view of stealth and idOcLjPgwSY-00077-00035266-00035430 espionage. idOcLjPgwSY-00078-00035430-00036014 That said, Hideo refused to stick very rigidly to the reality of modern military rules and idOcLjPgwSY-00079-00036014-00036126 tactics. idOcLjPgwSY-00080-00036126-00036633 This game was to be a science fiction story, and he wanted to play with as many fantastical idOcLjPgwSY-00081-00036633-00036805 elements as possible. idOcLjPgwSY-00082-00036805-00037286 Hideo felt that the world of Metal Gear Solid should feel a lot like people’s idea of idOcLjPgwSY-00083-00037286-00037569 what the 23rd century might look. idOcLjPgwSY-00084-00037569-00038121 He wanted to show that a seemingly faraway, distant future was actually a lot closer than idOcLjPgwSY-00085-00038121-00038287 people thought. idOcLjPgwSY-00086-00038287-00038797 In order to fully capture this, and in order to fill the game with engaging, interesting idOcLjPgwSY-00087-00038797-00039333 and visually distinct characters, Hideo hired a new artist, Yoji Shinkawa. idOcLjPgwSY-00088-00039333-00039813 It was Yoji’s job to breathe life into the characters of Metal Gear Solid. idOcLjPgwSY-00089-00039813-00040372 Hideo’s vision called for a far larger cast of digital actors, and they needed to look idOcLjPgwSY-00090-00040372-00040552 and feel distinct. idOcLjPgwSY-00091-00040552-00041066 Yoji was already a big fan of Hideo’s work, and of the previous Metal Gear games. idOcLjPgwSY-00092-00041066-00041734 He wanted to chew up Solid Snake, digest him, and then produce his own, original version idOcLjPgwSY-00093-00041734-00041934 of the classic character. idOcLjPgwSY-00094-00041934-00042406 Hideo had some suggestions to make as to how Yoji should go about this. idOcLjPgwSY-00095-00042406-00042978 Specifically, Hideo wanted Snake to be bereft of color, with washed out greys. idOcLjPgwSY-00096-00042978-00043352 The logic here was that it would be easier for players to project onto the character idOcLjPgwSY-00097-00043352-00043825 if Snake didn’t have too much to distinguish him from the grey environments of the game. idOcLjPgwSY-00098-00043825-00044120 Plus, it made sense from a stealth perspective. idOcLjPgwSY-00099-00044120-00044693 By contrast, Yoji was given tremendous freedom to experiment with the designs of the rest idOcLjPgwSY-00100-00044693-00044912 of the characters in the games. idOcLjPgwSY-00101-00044912-00045364 Together with Hideo, he came up with a series of weird and wonderful characters that matched idOcLjPgwSY-00102-00045364-00045830 the pseudo serious, occasionally farcical tone of the game. idOcLjPgwSY-00103-00045830-00046391 When the first trailer for Metal Gear Solid debuted at the E3 gaming expo, audiences were idOcLjPgwSY-00104-00046391-00046867 taken by complete surprise, and instantly fell in love. idOcLjPgwSY-00105-00046867-00047165 Hideo was incredulous at the reception. idOcLjPgwSY-00106-00047165-00047684 While his work had always been well regarded, he hadn’t considered himself to be a hugely idOcLjPgwSY-00107-00047684-00047943 big deal in the worldwide gaming industry. idOcLjPgwSY-00108-00047943-00048438 The trailer for Metal Gear Solid was left playing, looping on a screen, throughout the idOcLjPgwSY-00109-00048438-00048604 entire show. idOcLjPgwSY-00110-00048604-00049015 Hideo spotted some people who had been watching it in the morning who were still there at idOcLjPgwSY-00111-00049015-00049401 the end of the day, staring in awe at the footage. idOcLjPgwSY-00112-00049401-00050013 With so much anticipation came a degree of pressure to deliver, but even so, Hideo still idOcLjPgwSY-00113-00050013-00050440 wasn’t aware of just how big of a deal his game was about to become. idOcLjPgwSY-00114-00050440-00050956 He had heard of notable big budget video games selling upwards of a million copies, and he idOcLjPgwSY-00115-00050956-00051257 hoped that his would manage similar numbers. idOcLjPgwSY-00116-00051257-00051916 When it finally released, Metal Gear Solid instead sold over 6 million units. idOcLjPgwSY-00117-00051916-00052195 The game was everywhere, worldwide. idOcLjPgwSY-00118-00052195-00052687 It was a full-blown phenomenon, and many players announced that it was the best game on the idOcLjPgwSY-00119-00052687-00052825 PlayStation. idOcLjPgwSY-00120-00052825-00053316 Hideo found himself catapulted from being a well-respected game developer to suddenly idOcLjPgwSY-00121-00053316-00053634 becoming a fully-fledged superstar. idOcLjPgwSY-00122-00053634-00054090 Everyone wanted to know more about him, not just in Japan, but throughout the rest of idOcLjPgwSY-00123-00054090-00054225 the world. idOcLjPgwSY-00124-00054225-00054429 Hideo was pleased. idOcLjPgwSY-00125-00054429-00054891 His dreams had been realized, and he was now free to push the boundaries between games idOcLjPgwSY-00126-00054891-00055348 and movies even further in his future projects. idOcLjPgwSY-00127-00055348-00055744 The moral of the story is that you should hold onto your daydreams. idOcLjPgwSY-00128-00055744-00056248 We don’t always get to do the things we wanted to when we were little. idOcLjPgwSY-00129-00056248-00056903 Hideo Kojima carried within his heart to make epic cinematic masterpieces, but even as a idOcLjPgwSY-00130-00056903-00057228 game developer, this wasn’t entirely possible. idOcLjPgwSY-00131-00057228-00057716 It was only once technology caught up with Hideo’s vision that he was able to make idOcLjPgwSY-00132-00057716-00058013 the kinds of cinematic games that he wanted to. idOcLjPgwSY-00133-00058013-00058563 What’s more, he was only in a position to make Metal Gear Solid because he’d developed idOcLjPgwSY-00134-00058563-00058911 other talents in different creative media first. idOcLjPgwSY-00135-00058911-00059323 If you have something that you’re passionate about, that doesn’t seem to be quite working idOcLjPgwSY-00136-00059323-00059691 out for you at this time, don’t give up on that dream. idOcLjPgwSY-00137-00059691-00059984 But see what else you can do in the meantime. idOcLjPgwSY-00138-00059984-00060357 Develop different skills and talents, and see what other interests you can pursue. idOcLjPgwSY-00139-00060357-00060944 You never know how these learning opportunities might be useful later in life. idOcLjPgwSY-00140-00060944-00061194 Pursue your dreams. idOcLjPgwSY-00141-00061194-00061361 Try your best. idOcLjPgwSY-00142-00061361-00061814 If you keep working hard, then even if you don’t end up exactly where you expected idOcLjPgwSY-00143-00061814-00062252 in life, you can still feel the joy from doing what you love.