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Historic snowfall events include New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm and the 1993 Storm of the Century.[SEP]The annual average snowfall for the Birmingham area is per year. |
The annual average snowfall for the Birmingham area is per year.[SEP]In the southern Gulf coast, snowfall is less frequent, sometimes going several years without any snowfall. |
In the southern Gulf coast, snowfall is less frequent, sometimes going several years without any snowfall.[SEP]Alabama's highest temperature of was recorded on September 5, 1925, in the unincorporated community of Centerville. |
Alabama's highest temperature of was recorded on September 5, 1925, in the unincorporated community of Centerville.[SEP]The record low of occurred on January 30, 1966, in New Market. |
The record low of occurred on January 30, 1966, in New Market.[SEP]Alabama is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna in habitats that range from the Tennessee Valley, Appalachian Plateau, and Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians of the north to the Piedmont, Canebrake, and Black Belt of the central region to the Gulf Coastal Plain and beaches along the Gulf of Mexico in the south. |
Alabama is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna in habitats that range from the Tennessee Valley, Appalachian Plateau, and Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians of the north to the Piedmont, Canebrake, and Black Belt of the central region to the Gulf Coastal Plain and beaches along the Gulf of Mexico in the south.[SEP]The state is usually ranked among the top in nation for its range of overall biodiversity. |
The state is usually ranked among the top in nation for its range of overall biodiversity.[SEP]Alabama is in the subtropical coniferous forest biome and once boasted huge expanses of pine forest, which still form the largest proportion of forests in the state. |
Alabama is in the subtropical coniferous forest biome and once boasted huge expanses of pine forest, which still form the largest proportion of forests in the state.[SEP]It currently ranks fifth in the nation for the diversity of its flora. |
It currently ranks fifth in the nation for the diversity of its flora.[SEP]It is home to nearly 4,000 pteridophyte and spermatophyte plant species. |
It is home to nearly 4,000 pteridophyte and spermatophyte plant species.[SEP]Indigenous animal species in the state include 62 mammal species, 93 reptile species, 73 amphibian species, roughly 307 native freshwater fish species, and 420 bird species that spend at least part of their year within the state. |
Indigenous animal species in the state include 62 mammal species, 93 reptile species, 73 amphibian species, roughly 307 native freshwater fish species, and 420 bird species that spend at least part of their year within the state.[SEP]Invertebrates include 97 crayfish species and 383 mollusk species. |
Invertebrates include 97 crayfish species and 383 mollusk species.[SEP]113 of these mollusk species have never been collected outside the state. |
113 of these mollusk species have never been collected outside the state.[SEP]Census-designated and metropolitan areas |
Census-designated and metropolitan areas[SEP]According to the 2020 United States census the population of Alabama was 5,024,279 on April 1, 2020, which represents an increase of 244,543 or 5.12%, since the 2010 census. |
According to the 2020 United States census the population of Alabama was 5,024,279 on April 1, 2020, which represents an increase of 244,543 or 5.12%, since the 2010 census.[SEP]This includes a natural increase since the last census of 121,054 (502,457 births minus 381,403 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 104,991 into the state. |
This includes a natural increase since the last census of 121,054 (502,457 births minus 381,403 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 104,991 into the state.[SEP]Immigration from outside the U.S. resulted in a net increase of 31,180 people, and migration within the country produced a net gain of 73,811 people. |
Immigration from outside the U.S. resulted in a net increase of 31,180 people, and migration within the country produced a net gain of 73,811 people.[SEP]The state had 108,000 foreign-born (2.4% of the state population), of which an estimated 22.2% were undocumented (24,000). |
The state had 108,000 foreign-born (2.4% of the state population), of which an estimated 22.2% were undocumented (24,000).[SEP]The center of population of Alabama is located in Chilton County, outside the town of Jemison. |
The center of population of Alabama is located in Chilton County, outside the town of Jemison.[SEP]Those citing "American" ancestry in Alabama are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however most English Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their roots have been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early sixteen hundreds. |
Those citing "American" ancestry in Alabama are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however most English Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their roots have been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early sixteen hundreds.[SEP]Demographers estimate that a minimum of 20–23% of people in Alabama are of predominantly English ancestry and state that the figure is probably much higher. |
Demographers estimate that a minimum of 20–23% of people in Alabama are of predominantly English ancestry and state that the figure is probably much higher.[SEP]In the 1980 census 1,139,976 people in Alabama cited that they were of English ancestry out of a total state population of 2,824,719 making them 41% of the state at the time and the largest ethnic group. |
In the 1980 census 1,139,976 people in Alabama cited that they were of English ancestry out of a total state population of 2,824,719 making them 41% of the state at the time and the largest ethnic group.[SEP]In 2011, 46.6% of Alabama's population younger than age1 were minorities. |
In 2011, 46.6% of Alabama's population younger than age1 were minorities.[SEP]The largest reported ancestry groups in Alabama are American (13.4%), Irish (10.5%), English (10.2%), German (7.9%), and Scots-Irish (2.5%) based on 2006-2008 Census data. |
The largest reported ancestry groups in Alabama are American (13.4%), Irish (10.5%), English (10.2%), German (7.9%), and Scots-Irish (2.5%) based on 2006-2008 Census data.[SEP]The Scots-Irish were the largest non-English immigrant group from the British Isles before the American Revolution, and many settled in the South, later moving into the Deep South as it was developed. |
The Scots-Irish were the largest non-English immigrant group from the British Isles before the American Revolution, and many settled in the South, later moving into the Deep South as it was developed.[SEP]In 1984, under the Davis–Strong Act, the state legislature established the Alabama Indian Affairs Commission. |
In 1984, under the Davis–Strong Act, the state legislature established the Alabama Indian Affairs Commission.[SEP]Native American groups within the state had increasingly been demanding recognition as ethnic groups and seeking an end to discrimination. |
Native American groups within the state had increasingly been demanding recognition as ethnic groups and seeking an end to discrimination.[SEP]Given the long history of slavery and associated racial segregation, the Native American peoples, who have sometimes been of mixed race, have insisted on having their cultural identification respected. |
Given the long history of slavery and associated racial segregation, the Native American peoples, who have sometimes been of mixed race, have insisted on having their cultural identification respected.[SEP]In the past, their self-identification was often overlooked as the state tried to impose a binary breakdown of society into white and black. |
In the past, their self-identification was often overlooked as the state tried to impose a binary breakdown of society into white and black.[SEP]The state has officially recognized nine American Indian tribes in the state, descended mostly from the Five Civilized Tribes of the American Southeast. |
The state has officially recognized nine American Indian tribes in the state, descended mostly from the Five Civilized Tribes of the American Southeast.[SEP]These are the following. |
These are the following.[SEP]Poarch Band of Creek Indians (who also have federal recognition)
MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians
Star Clan of Muscogee Creeks
Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama
Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama
Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians
Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe
Piqua Shawnee Tribe
Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation |
Poarch Band of Creek Indians (who also have federal recognition)
MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians
Star Clan of Muscogee Creeks
Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama
Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama
Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians
Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe
Piqua Shawnee Tribe
Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation[SEP]The state government has promoted recognition of Native American contributions to the state, including the designation in 2000 for Columbus Day to be jointly celebrated as American Indian Heritage Day. |
The state government has promoted recognition of Native American contributions to the state, including the designation in 2000 for Columbus Day to be jointly celebrated as American Indian Heritage Day.[SEP]Language
Most Alabama residents (95.1% of those five and older) spoke only English at home in 2010, a minor decrease from 96.1% in 2000. |
Language
Most Alabama residents (95.1% of those five and older) spoke only English at home in 2010, a minor decrease from 96.1% in 2000.[SEP]Alabama English is predominantly Southern, and is related to South Midland speech which was taken across the border from Tennessee. |
Alabama English is predominantly Southern, and is related to South Midland speech which was taken across the border from Tennessee.[SEP]In the major Southern speech region, there is the decreasing loss of the final r, for example the "boyd" pronunciation of "bird". |
In the major Southern speech region, there is the decreasing loss of the final r, for example the "boyd" pronunciation of "bird".[SEP]In the northern third of the state, there is a South Midland "arm" and "barb" rhyming with "form" and "orb". |
In the northern third of the state, there is a South Midland "arm" and "barb" rhyming with "form" and "orb".[SEP]Unique words in Alabama English include: redworm (earthworm), peckerwood (woodpecker), snake doctor and snake feeder (dragonfly), tow sack (burlap bag), plum peach (clingstone), French harp (harmonica), and dog irons (andirons). |
Unique words in Alabama English include: redworm (earthworm), peckerwood (woodpecker), snake doctor and snake feeder (dragonfly), tow sack (burlap bag), plum peach (clingstone), French harp (harmonica), and dog irons (andirons).[SEP]In the 2008 American Religious Identification Survey, 86% of Alabama respondents reported their religion as Christian, including 6% Catholic, with 11% as having no religion. |
In the 2008 American Religious Identification Survey, 86% of Alabama respondents reported their religion as Christian, including 6% Catholic, with 11% as having no religion.[SEP]The composition of other traditions is 0.5% Mormon, 0.5% Jewish, 0.5% Muslim, 0.5% Buddhist, and 0.5% Hindu. |
The composition of other traditions is 0.5% Mormon, 0.5% Jewish, 0.5% Muslim, 0.5% Buddhist, and 0.5% Hindu.[SEP]Alabama is located in the middle of the Bible Belt, a region of numerous Protestant Christians. |
Alabama is located in the middle of the Bible Belt, a region of numerous Protestant Christians.[SEP]Alabama has been identified as one of the most religious states in the United States, with about 58% of the population attending church regularly. |
Alabama has been identified as one of the most religious states in the United States, with about 58% of the population attending church regularly.[SEP]A majority of people in the state identify as Evangelical Protestant. |
A majority of people in the state identify as Evangelical Protestant.[SEP]the three largest denominational groups in Alabama are the Southern Baptist Convention, The United Methodist Church, and non-denominational Evangelical Protestant. |
the three largest denominational groups in Alabama are the Southern Baptist Convention, The United Methodist Church, and non-denominational Evangelical Protestant.[SEP]In Alabama, the Southern Baptist Convention has the highest number of adherents with 1,380,121; this is followed by the United Methodist Church with 327,734 adherents, non-denominational Evangelical Protestant with 220,938 adherents, and the Catholic Church with 150,647 adherents. |
In Alabama, the Southern Baptist Convention has the highest number of adherents with 1,380,121; this is followed by the United Methodist Church with 327,734 adherents, non-denominational Evangelical Protestant with 220,938 adherents, and the Catholic Church with 150,647 adherents.[SEP]Many Baptist and Methodist congregations became established in the Great Awakening of the early 19th century, when preachers proselytized across the South. |
Many Baptist and Methodist congregations became established in the Great Awakening of the early 19th century, when preachers proselytized across the South.[SEP]The Assemblies of God had almost 60,000 members, the Churches of Christ had nearly 120,000 members. |
The Assemblies of God had almost 60,000 members, the Churches of Christ had nearly 120,000 members.[SEP]The Presbyterian churches, strongly associated with Scots-Irish immigrants of the 18th century and their descendants, had a combined membership around 75,000 (PCA—28,009 members in 108 congregations, PC(USA)—26,247 members in 147 congregations, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church—6,000 members in 59 congregations, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America—5,000 members and fifty congregations plus the EPC and Associate Reformed Presbyterians with 230 members and nine congregations). |
The Presbyterian churches, strongly associated with Scots-Irish immigrants of the 18th century and their descendants, had a combined membership around 75,000 (PCA—28,009 members in 108 congregations, PC(USA)—26,247 members in 147 congregations, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church—6,000 members in 59 congregations, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America—5,000 members and fifty congregations plus the EPC and Associate Reformed Presbyterians with 230 members and nine congregations).[SEP]In a 2007 survey, nearly 70% of respondents could name all four of the Christian Gospels. |
In a 2007 survey, nearly 70% of respondents could name all four of the Christian Gospels.[SEP]Of those who indicated a religious preference, 59% said they possessed a "full understanding" of their faith and needed no further learning. |
Of those who indicated a religious preference, 59% said they possessed a "full understanding" of their faith and needed no further learning.[SEP]In a 2007 poll, 92% of Alabamians reported having at least some confidence in churches in the state. |
In a 2007 poll, 92% of Alabamians reported having at least some confidence in churches in the state.[SEP]Although in much smaller numbers, many other religious faiths are represented in the state as well, including Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, the Baháʼí Faith, and Unitarian Universalism. |
Although in much smaller numbers, many other religious faiths are represented in the state as well, including Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, the Baháʼí Faith, and Unitarian Universalism.[SEP]Jews have been present in what is now Alabama since 1763, during the colonial era of Mobile, when Sephardic Jews immigrated from London. |
Jews have been present in what is now Alabama since 1763, during the colonial era of Mobile, when Sephardic Jews immigrated from London.[SEP]The oldest Jewish congregation in the state is Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim in Mobile. |
The oldest Jewish congregation in the state is Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim in Mobile.[SEP]It was formally recognized by the state legislature on January 25, 1844. |
It was formally recognized by the state legislature on January 25, 1844.[SEP]Later immigrants in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries tended to be Ashkenazi Jews from eastern Europe. |
Later immigrants in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries tended to be Ashkenazi Jews from eastern Europe.[SEP]Jewish denominations in the state include two Orthodox, four Conservative, ten Reform, and one Humanistic synagogue. |
Jewish denominations in the state include two Orthodox, four Conservative, ten Reform, and one Humanistic synagogue.[SEP]Muslims have been increasing in Alabama, with 31 mosques built by 2011, many by African-American converts. |
Muslims have been increasing in Alabama, with 31 mosques built by 2011, many by African-American converts.[SEP]Several Hindu temples and cultural centers in the state have been founded by Indian immigrants and their descendants, the best-known being the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Birmingham, the Hindu Temple and Cultural Center of Birmingham in Pelham, the Hindu Cultural Center of North Alabama in Capshaw, and the Hindu Mandir and Cultural Center in Tuscaloosa. |
Several Hindu temples and cultural centers in the state have been founded by Indian immigrants and their descendants, the best-known being the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Birmingham, the Hindu Temple and Cultural Center of Birmingham in Pelham, the Hindu Cultural Center of North Alabama in Capshaw, and the Hindu Mandir and Cultural Center in Tuscaloosa.[SEP]There are six Dharma centers and organizations for Theravada Buddhists. |
There are six Dharma centers and organizations for Theravada Buddhists.[SEP]Most monastic Buddhist temples are concentrated in southern Mobile County, near Bayou La Batre. |
Most monastic Buddhist temples are concentrated in southern Mobile County, near Bayou La Batre.[SEP]This area has attracted an influx of refugees from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam during the 1970s and thereafter. |
This area has attracted an influx of refugees from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam during the 1970s and thereafter.[SEP]The four temples within a ten-mile radius of Bayou La Batre, include Chua Chanh Giac, Wat Buddharaksa, and Wat Lao Phoutthavihan. |
The four temples within a ten-mile radius of Bayou La Batre, include Chua Chanh Giac, Wat Buddharaksa, and Wat Lao Phoutthavihan.[SEP]The first community of adherents of the Baháʼí Faith in Alabama was founded in 1896 by Paul K. Dealy, who moved from Chicago to Fairhope. |
The first community of adherents of the Baháʼí Faith in Alabama was founded in 1896 by Paul K. Dealy, who moved from Chicago to Fairhope.[SEP]Baháʼí centers in Alabama exist in Birmingham, Huntsville, and Florence. |
Baháʼí centers in Alabama exist in Birmingham, Huntsville, and Florence.[SEP]Health
In 2018, life expectancy in Alabama was 75.1 years, below the national average of 78.7 years and is the third lowest life expectancy in the country. |
Health
In 2018, life expectancy in Alabama was 75.1 years, below the national average of 78.7 years and is the third lowest life expectancy in the country.[SEP]Factors that can cause lower life expectancy are maternal mortality, suicide, and gun crimes. |
Factors that can cause lower life expectancy are maternal mortality, suicide, and gun crimes.[SEP]A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study in 2008 showed that obesity in Alabama is a problem, with most counties having more than 29% of adults obese, except for ten which had a rate between 26% and 29%. |
A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study in 2008 showed that obesity in Alabama is a problem, with most counties having more than 29% of adults obese, except for ten which had a rate between 26% and 29%.[SEP]Residents of the state, along with those in five other states, were least likely in the nation to be physically active during leisure time. |
Residents of the state, along with those in five other states, were least likely in the nation to be physically active during leisure time.[SEP]Alabama, and the southeastern U.S. in general, has one of the highest incidences of adult onset diabetes in the country, exceeding 10% of adults. |
Alabama, and the southeastern U.S. in general, has one of the highest incidences of adult onset diabetes in the country, exceeding 10% of adults.[SEP]On May 14, 2019, Alabama passed the Human Life Protection Act, banning abortion at any stage of pregnancy unless there is a "serious health risk", with no exceptions for rape and incest. |
On May 14, 2019, Alabama passed the Human Life Protection Act, banning abortion at any stage of pregnancy unless there is a "serious health risk", with no exceptions for rape and incest.[SEP]The law, if enacted, would punish doctors who perform abortions with 10 to 99 years imprisonment and be the most restrictive abortion law in the country. |
The law, if enacted, would punish doctors who perform abortions with 10 to 99 years imprisonment and be the most restrictive abortion law in the country.[SEP]However, on October 29, 2019, U.S. District Judge Myron Thompson blocked the law from taking effect. |
However, on October 29, 2019, U.S. District Judge Myron Thompson blocked the law from taking effect.[SEP]The state has invested in aerospace, education, health care, banking, and various heavy industries, including automobile manufacturing, mineral extraction, steel production and fabrication. |
The state has invested in aerospace, education, health care, banking, and various heavy industries, including automobile manufacturing, mineral extraction, steel production and fabrication.[SEP]By 2006, crop and animal production in Alabama was valued at $1.5billion. |
By 2006, crop and animal production in Alabama was valued at $1.5billion.[SEP]In contrast to the primarily agricultural economy of the previous century, this was only about one percent of the state's gross domestic product. |
In contrast to the primarily agricultural economy of the previous century, this was only about one percent of the state's gross domestic product.[SEP]The number of private farms has declined at a steady rate since the 1960s, as land has been sold to developers, timber companies, and large farming conglomerates. |
The number of private farms has declined at a steady rate since the 1960s, as land has been sold to developers, timber companies, and large farming conglomerates.[SEP]According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the 2008 total gross state product was $170billion, or $29,411 per capita. |
According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the 2008 total gross state product was $170billion, or $29,411 per capita.[SEP]Alabama's 2012 GDP increased 1.2% from the previous year. |
Alabama's 2012 GDP increased 1.2% from the previous year.[SEP]The single largest increase came in the area of information. |
The single largest increase came in the area of information.[SEP]In 2010, per capita income for the state was $22,984. |
In 2010, per capita income for the state was $22,984.[SEP]The state's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 5.8% in April 2015. |
The state's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 5.8% in April 2015.[SEP]This compared to a nationwide seasonally adjusted rate of 5.4%. |
This compared to a nationwide seasonally adjusted rate of 5.4%.[SEP]Alabama has no minimum wage and in February 2016 passed legislation preventing municipalities from setting one. |
Alabama has no minimum wage and in February 2016 passed legislation preventing municipalities from setting one.[SEP](A Birmingham city ordinance would have raised theirs to $10.10.) |
(A Birmingham city ordinance would have raised theirs to $10.10.)[SEP]Alabama has the sixth highest poverty rate among states in the U.S. In 2017, United Nations Special Rapporteur Philip Alston toured parts of rural Alabama and observed environmental conditions he said were poorer than anywhere he had seen in the developed world. |
Alabama has the sixth highest poverty rate among states in the U.S. In 2017, United Nations Special Rapporteur Philip Alston toured parts of rural Alabama and observed environmental conditions he said were poorer than anywhere he had seen in the developed world.[SEP]The five employers that employed the most employees in Alabama in April 2011 were: |
The five employers that employed the most employees in Alabama in April 2011 were:[SEP]The next twenty largest employers, , included: |
The next twenty largest employers, , included:[SEP]Agriculture
Alabama's agricultural outputs include poultry and eggs, cattle, fish, plant nursery items, peanuts, cotton, grains such as corn and sorghum, vegetables, milk, soybeans, and peaches. |
Agriculture
Alabama's agricultural outputs include poultry and eggs, cattle, fish, plant nursery items, peanuts, cotton, grains such as corn and sorghum, vegetables, milk, soybeans, and peaches.[SEP]Although known as "The Cotton State", Alabama ranks between eighth and tenth in national cotton production, according to various reports, with Texas, Georgia and Mississippi comprising the top three. |
Although known as "The Cotton State", Alabama ranks between eighth and tenth in national cotton production, according to various reports, with Texas, Georgia and Mississippi comprising the top three.[SEP]Aquaculture is a large part of the economy of Alabama. |
Aquaculture is a large part of the economy of Alabama.[SEP]Alabamians began to practice aquaculture in the early 1960s. |
Alabamians began to practice aquaculture in the early 1960s.[SEP]U.S. farm-raised catfish is the 8th most popular seafood product in America. |
U.S. farm-raised catfish is the 8th most popular seafood product in America.[SEP]By 2008, approximately 4,000 people in Alabama were employed by the catfish industry and Alabama produced 132 million pounds of catfish. |
By 2008, approximately 4,000 people in Alabama were employed by the catfish industry and Alabama produced 132 million pounds of catfish.[SEP]In 2020, Alabama produced ⅓ of the United States' farm-raised catfish. |
In 2020, Alabama produced ⅓ of the United States' farm-raised catfish.[SEP]The total 2020 sales of catfish raised in Alabama equaled $307 million but by 2020 the total employment of Alabamians fell to 2,442. |
The total 2020 sales of catfish raised in Alabama equaled $307 million but by 2020 the total employment of Alabamians fell to 2,442.[SEP]From the early 2000s to 2020, the Alabamian catfish industry has declined from 250 farms and 4 processors to 66 farms and 2 processors. |
From the early 2000s to 2020, the Alabamian catfish industry has declined from 250 farms and 4 processors to 66 farms and 2 processors.[SEP]Reasons for this decline include increased feed prices, catfish alternatives, COVID-19’s impact on restaurant sales, disease, and fish size. |
Reasons for this decline include increased feed prices, catfish alternatives, COVID-19’s impact on restaurant sales, disease, and fish size.[SEP]Industry
Alabama's industrial outputs include iron and steel products (including cast-iron and steel pipe); paper, lumber, and wood products; mining (mostly coal); plastic products; cars and trucks; and apparel. |
Industry
Alabama's industrial outputs include iron and steel products (including cast-iron and steel pipe); paper, lumber, and wood products; mining (mostly coal); plastic products; cars and trucks; and apparel.[SEP]In addition, Alabama produces aerospace and electronic products, mostly in the Huntsville area, the location of NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and the U.S. Army Materiel Command, headquartered at Redstone Arsenal. |
In addition, Alabama produces aerospace and electronic products, mostly in the Huntsville area, the location of NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and the U.S. Army Materiel Command, headquartered at Redstone Arsenal.[SEP]A great deal of Alabama's economic growth since the 1990s has been due to the state's expanding automotive manufacturing industry. |