{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_0","query":"The 1936 United States House of Representatives elections took place on November 3, 1936, with the exception of Maine, which held theirs on September 14. These elections occurred alongside President Franklin D. Roosevelt's overwhelming re-election. The Democratic Party, headed by Roosevelt, gained twelve seats from the Republican Party, giving them a three-fourths majority and marking the largest majority since Reconstruction. This election marked the last time any party held three-fourths of all House seats.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_0"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_1","query":"In February 2022, Rois\u00edn Shortall, the Social Democrats' spokesperson for Health, introduced a bill in the D\u00e1il to address several issues faced by cancer patients. The bill aims to stop the HSE (Health Service Executive) from sending debt collectors to cancer patients in search of payment. It also seeks to eliminate the inpatient charge of \u20ac80 per visit for chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as reduce or eliminate exorbitant parking fees. The government decided not to oppose the bill, and Shortall criticized the practice of pursuing cancer patients with debt collectors as \"frankly disgusting.\" Other opposition parties also praised the bill and shared their concern over the use of debt collectors on cancer patients.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_1"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_2","query":"In February 1940, \u0141obodowski, a Polish writer, was arrested by the French police in Paris under unclear circumstances. During the arrest, some of his personal belongings, including manuscripts, were confiscated, and some of these materials have not been returned. The confiscated materials included anti-communist propaganda leaflets that \u0141obodowski supposedly authored for the Polish government-in-exile. These leaflets were intended to be dropped over Soviet-occupied parts of Poland to incite subversion among the Red Army. His detention at Cherche-Midi military prison lasted around six months, as the Polish government denied involvement. \u0141obodowski later used a satirical verse to criticize the minister responsible for the leaflets. He claimed to have been released in September 1940 after being tried and acquitted by the Supreme Military Court. However, this information cannot be verified until 2040. Although the prison experience was significant and potentially traumatic, it led to the preservation of \u0141obodowski's police dossier, which contained confiscated manuscripts and was eventually returned to France after being studied in Moscow. The dossier did not contain the propaganda leaflets, suggesting that they may be in unopened French military archives.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_2"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_3","query":"The speaker recounts their encounter with a man from Afghanistan who visited their home seeking help. Despite not having anything to offer initially, the speaker later managed to obtain $3 from a friend and gave it to the man. However, the man returned asking for more money, but the speaker refused due to learning that he was addicted to Hash (marijuana). The speaker clarifies that the man was not involved in politics, religion, or the military, and they never heard him express hatred towards America or its allies. They also mention receiving assistance from the Taliban themselves, but state that the man didn't receive a house like they did because he was unmarried. The speaker asserts that the man is peaceful and poses no threat, and any animosity between them may have been created by investigators. They claim the man, known as ISN 758, is innocent and trust that God knows the truth.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_3"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_4","query":"The author reflects on a defining moment in their life when their father served in Vietnam. Their family went through difficult times during this period, and eventually, they left their father and moved to live with their grandmother. The author admits to having resentments towards their father for not being present, but they also started to think about his perspective and what he might have gone through. The author then used music as an outlet to express these thoughts and emotions, ultimately creating a song that deeply resonated with their father. The song brought the author and their father closer together and had a positive impact on their relationship.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_4"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_5","query":"During World War II, navy nurses played a crucial role in providing medical care and preventing further casualties. They were present during the initial Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, as well as in K\u0101ne\u02bbohe Bay, the Philippines, Guam, and aboard the Solace. The nursing profession was recognized for its essential contribution and was placed under the War Manpower Commission. Despite shortages, the navy was able to recruit nurses with exceptional qualifications and experience. These nurses received advanced training in various specialties, including surgery, orthopedics, anesthesia, contagion, dietetics, physiotherapy, and psychiatry. They also assisted in training Hospital Corpsmen, many of whom had no prior experience in a hospital setting. The nurses also trained WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) for the Hospital Corps.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_5"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_6","query":"The text describes the involvement of a person named Castelar in various political and literary pursuits. Castelar participated in the First Uprising of June 1866 organized by Marshal Prim, which was ultimately crushed. As a result, Castelar was sentenced to death but managed to escape and hide at a friend's house before fleeing to France. He returned to Spain after the Revolution of 1868 and became a member of the Cortes (parliament) for the first time. Castelar gained fame for his speeches advocating for a federal republic, which caused conflict with those who wanted to re-establish a monarchy with constitutional restrictions. Castelar criticized and contributed to the downfall of the short-lived monarchy of Amadeus.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_6"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_7","query":"The text discusses the life and career of a performer who started traveling as a singer in his late teens or early twenties. He formed a troupe with two other singers, one of whom was also a tailor. It is believed that many of his songs were improvised. Only thirty of his songs have been written down. In 1857, he created the Broder-singer troupe and went to Russia due to an economic crisis in Brody. He published his first book of poetry in 1860 and went on to publish two more books. He composed numerous songs and couplets, although many were never published. He would often engage in rhyming competitions, usually winning against his opponents.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_7"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_8","query":"The team tested and developed its own active suspension for the first time with the FW11B, after Mansell had a negative experience with a different version of the system. After testing, Piquet found the new suspension to be superior to the conventional suspension. The Williams engineered suspension was lighter, less complicated, and drew less power from the engine than the Lotus example. Piquet used the new suspension in a race simulation and achieved faster lap times than Mansell had previously. Piquet then used the new suspension in the Italian Grand Prix, where it proved to be much faster than the passive suspension, allowing him to win the race. Mansell only tried the reactive car during the Spanish Grand Prix. There were also plans to introduce a semi-automatic transmission in 1987, but it did not happen.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_8"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_9","query":"Lief, Barda, and Jasmine are on a mission to retrieve the gems of the Belt of Deltora to defeat the Shadow Lord. Along their journey, they encounter Ols, creatures created by the Shadow Lord, and are saved by a boy named Dain. They join the Resistance and undergo a test to prove they are not Ols. Dain helps them escape but is taken prisoner by pirates. They reach the Maze of the Beast, where Barda is revealed to be an Ol. They are captured by pirates and dumped into the Maze. They manage to retrieve the gem but are chased by the Beast. They escape through a blowhole, causing two pirates to die. They continue their journey to the Valley of the Lost.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_9"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_10","query":"The text discusses the debut and early success of an actress named Trisha in the Telugu and Tamil film industries. In 2004, she gained popularity with her role in the romantic action film Varsham, receiving praise for her natural and impactful performance. The film was a commercial success and Trisha won awards for her performance. She went on to star in the Tamil film Ghilli opposite Vijay, which became the highest-grossing Tamil film of the year. Trisha also had a small role in Mani Ratnam's Aayutha Ezhuthu, but the film did not perform well at the box office.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_10"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_11","query":"The text summarizes the events of the August 29, 2014 Super Viernes professional wrestling show hosted by Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). The main event was the finals of CMLL's annual Universal Championship tournament, which featured \u00daltimo Guerrero and La Sombra, both previous winners of the tournament. \u00daltimo Guerrero won the match to become the first ever two-time winner of the Universal Championship. \n\nOther matches on the show included a Six-man tag team match between long-time rivals Negro Casas and Rush, a match between former partners Rey Escorpi\u00f3n and Drag\u00f3n Rojo Jr., and a match showcasing the developing feud between Rey Cometa and Cavernario. The match between Rey Cometa's team and La Peste Negra ended in disqualification due to La Peste Negra's excessive violence.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_11"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_12","query":"This text discusses the creation of the song \"Beautiful\" by Linda Perry, which was eventually sung by Christina Aguilera. Perry initially played some songs for Aguilera as an icebreaker when she came to Perry's house to work on music together. Perry and her manager then decided to have Aguilera sing a demo of the song, which impressed Perry. The rough vocal from the demo ended up being the version that was released and played on the radio. Aguilera expressed a desire to re-record the song because she didn't like the initial vocals, but Perry refused, as the song was meant to be about imperfection and vulnerability. Perry also included a moment before the final recording where Aguilera is heard telling someone not to look at her, which Perry felt showcased Aguilera's insecurities and made her the right person for the song.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_12"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_13","query":"\"The Man Who Sold the World\" was recorded at Trident Studios in London on May 4, 1970, under the working title \"Saviour Machine\". The lineup featured David Bowie on acoustic guitar, Mick Ronson on electric guitar, Tony Visconti on bass, Woody Woodmansey on drums, and Ralph Mace on Moog synthesizer. Bowie recorded his vocal on May 22 at Advision Studios, coinciding with the final day of mixing the album. The lyrics were written by Bowie in the reception area of the studio while Visconti waited at the mixing console. Visconti added a \"flange\" effect and quickly mixed the track before sending it to the label. However, this last-minute addition frustrated Visconti, leading to his dissatisfaction with the recording sessions. Bowie later expressed his dislike for the album, calling it a \"nightmare\" to make.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_13"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_14","query":"On April 23, the Iraqi Army launched an operation against protesters in Hawija, resulting in deadly clashes and reprisal attacks across the country. The Army claimed that they only fired in response to being fired upon and confiscated several weapons. However, protesters disputed this account and accused the Army of killing innocent people. Following the assault, armed gunmen attacked checkpoints in Kirkuk and Ramadi, resulting in multiple casualties. Attacks on checkpoints in Saladin Governorate and on the road to Tikrit also led to casualties. There were additional attacks and killings in Fallujah, Iskandariya, Baaj, Al-Karmah, and Haswa. In response, Army units imposed a curfew and cut off road access to Kirkuk. In Baghdad and Diyala Governorate, individuals leaving Sunni mosques were killed and injured. The Minister of Education and the Minister of Science and Technology both resigned in response to the Army's operation.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_14"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_15","query":"The text highlights multiple visits made by Cohen to Amsterdam during different time periods. In 1964, Cohen visited Amsterdam and befriended writer Simon Vinkenoog, who would later translate Cohen's writings into Dutch. In 1974, Cohen visited again after an unsuccessful visit to Paris and involvement in filmmaker Alejandro Jodorowsky's film Dune. During this visit, he was accompanied by Simon Vinkenoog, poet Louise Landes Levi, and publisher Gerard Bellaart. Cohen's most continuous period in Amsterdam began in 1978 when he met Caroline Gosselin and started the Bandaged Poets project. He also reconnected with Eddie Woods and became a contributing editor for Ins & Outs magazine. Cohen and Gosselin lived in Amsterdam for three years and Cohen made several return visits afterward. Ins & Outs Press produced prints of Cohen's Bandaged Poets photographs and edited his film Kings with Straw Mats. In 1993, Cohen returned to Amsterdam to participate in a tribute to William Burroughs organized by Benn Posset.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_15"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_16","query":"The text describes the physical characteristics of a species of lizard. It focuses on details such as the large head with swollen cheeks in adult males, the length of the snout, the size and texture of the scales on different parts of the body, the presence or absence of certain features, and the shape and size of the limbs and tail.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_16"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_17","query":"The Kesamutti Sutta is often misinterpreted as advocating the use of logical reasoning to determine the validity of traditions related to seeking truth and knowledge. However, the text clearly states that tradition should not be evaluated based on logical conjecture, inference, analogies, agreement with the views of others, probability, or the authority of a teacher. Instead, the Buddha teaches that the validity of a tradition should be determined by evaluating whether its qualities are skillful, blameless, praised by the wise, and lead to welfare and happiness. The misinterpretation of the sutta has been fueled by a fake quote attributed to the Buddha, which contradicts the actual teachings of the sutta.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_17"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_18","query":"The Turnpike Cruiser, a car manufactured by Mercury, shared many similarities with the Montclair. However, it had several distinct exterior design features. It was one of the few cars in 1957 to come with \"Quadri-Beam\" dual headlamps as standard equipment. It also had gold-anodized scalloped tailfins and a retractable \"Breezeway\" rear window. The windshield had tinted glass to reduce glare and was one of the first to use this feature. The car also had rooftop ventilation intakes that covered a body seam and doubled as fake radio antennas. It offered flow-through ventilation and had optional air conditioning and power side windows. In 1958, the Turnpike Cruiser adapted the styling changes of the Montclair, including shifting the grilles into the front bumper and adding \"rocket-style\" taillamps. To differentiate it from other models, the Turnpike Cruiser had gold trim on its badging.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_18"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_19","query":"The text discusses various compilations of letters and poems inspired by Ovid's Double Heroides. These compilations include translations of Pope's poems by different authors, including Colardeau. One such compilation from 1770, with an augmented edition in 1780, features letters between Heloise and Abelard. The first volume includes a biographical essay and Latin-based versions of the letters, while the second volume contains a dialogue between translations of Pope and French imitations. Another translation of Pope's poem by Feutry is answered by Dorat's imitation. Mercier's imitation is followed by Dorat's revised reply. There are also other uncollected works, such as a response by Abelard from 1758 and translations of Pope by Simon and Saint-Simon. These compilations provide a range of translations and imitations of Pope's poem.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_19"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_20","query":"The text describes the character of Robert McCall, played by Edward Woodward, in the TV series \"The Equalizer.\" McCall is a former operative of The Company who becomes disillusioned with sacrificing innocent people for the greater good. He quits and advertises his services as The Equalizer, offering help to those in need. McCall is divorced and estranged from his son, Scott. However, Scott reenters his life and becomes involved in his dangerous world. McCall also discovers that he has a daughter named Yvette. He is portrayed as independently wealthy, living in a luxurious apartment and owning a Jaguar car. McCall enjoys classical music, fine wine, dining, and occasionally tries to live a normal life. However, his work and past interfere with his attempts at a normal life. His father was a British Army officer killed in Egypt, and his mother was a working-class American entertainer. McCall had a strained relationship with his father and felt guilt over his actions during the Cold War. Edward Woodward received Emmy and Golden Globe nominations for his portrayal of Robert McCall.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_20"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_21","query":"Between the years 1142 and 1149, Rognvald, the Earl of Orkney, visited Katanes and stayed at Vik, where he was entertained by a brave man named Sveinn. During this time, Sveinn entrusted the keeping of Dungulsbae to Margad, who caused trouble and forced many people to seek refuge with Hroald in Wik. This led to a dispute between Hroald and Margad, which ended with Margad killing Hroald. Later, between the years 1153 and 1156, Harald Maddadson, who was the joint Earl of Katanes and Orkney with Rognvald, spent a winter in Katanes at Wik.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_21"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_22","query":"Round Island, located in Mauritius, became a nature reserve in 1957 due to the efforts of Robert Newton and others who recognized the threat to nesting birds from fishermen. Jean Vinson, a Mauritian zoologist, conducted field surveys of the island in the 1940s and 1950s, noting stable vegetation populations despite the presence of goats and rabbits. In 1963, Vinson returned to find that cyclones had severely damaged the island's trees, which were also being grazed on by the animals. Vinson emphasized the need to eradicate the invasive species to protect the island's flora and fauna, and his campaigning led to international attention and local efforts. However, progress stalled after Vinson's death in 1966.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_22"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_23","query":"The text describes the architectural features of square symmetrical towers in the neoclassical style. The towers resemble tall pavilions with pedimented facades and cupolas decorated with blind windows and Ionic columns. The towers have unfluted Ionic columns at each corner that support a decorative cornice. While the columns have no structural purpose, they contribute to the impression that the building was once more like a miniature cathedral than a parish church. The main body of the church, which was small, occupied the space between the towers and was demolished in 1870. The remaining towers are considered Grade I listed and a scheduled monument.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_23"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_24","query":"This text provides a summary of the path of the Leach river. It starts in a limestone valley and reaches the first settlement called Northleach. In Northleach, it flows out of a Victorian conduit and is also known as the Seven Springs. The first watermill on the river is located in a part of Northleach called Mill End. The river runs along a section of mill race stonework close to the churchyard, marking the town boundary. It can be seen again at a road bridge at the end of the town, still small in size. The river then continues down the valley, passing through the hamlet of Eastington alongside a lane. Eventually, it flows through a culvert and grazing land.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_24"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_25","query":"Chronos, a supervillain, made his appearance in Ivy Town where he attempted to steal an atomic clock. However, he was defeated by the Atom, who coincidentally obtained the idea to stop him from Ray Palmer, the Atom's alter ego. Chronos tried to uncover the Atom's secret identity but was unsuccessful. He managed to capture the Atom and lock him inside a watch, but the Atom escaped and tricked Chronos into thinking he was wrong. Chronos later escaped from jail by using a guard's watch. He continuously attempted to steal valuable items using his time-manipulating abilities, but the Atom always thwarted his plans. Chronos's knowledge of time led him to develop advanced weaponry, including lenses that obscured certain events, a costume with time-controlling circuitry, and even a time machine (which was ultimately destroyed). There are hints that Chronos may have received assistance from a future version of himself and also became a time traveler after encountering Dr. Fox, a mysterious criminal scientist. Chronos was a member of the Crime Champions, a group of villains from Earth-1 and Earth-2 who committed robberies and used vibratory devices to escape to the other world. He evaded Wonder Woman, Batman, and Green Lantern after stealing a large sum of money, and later impersonated by the Icicle during a battle with Batman, Wonder Woman, and Green Lantern. On Earth-2, Chronos attempted to steal a rare clock but was captured by Superman. He also aided the Fiddler in finding Earth-3 but was defeated by the Martian Manhunter and Black Canary.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_25"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_26","query":"After winning the World Championships, Rodr\u00edguez participated in the Copa Ol\u00edmpica Juan Evangelista Venegas in 2010. He defeated Eddie Valenzuela in his debut and faced Jonathan Gonz\u00e1lez in the finals. Rodr\u00edguez employed a defensive strategy and won the match 4-1, becoming Puerto Rico's most recent Youth medalist. Despite this, Gonz\u00e1lez was selected for the national team for the Central American and Caribbean Games, allowing Rodr\u00edguez to focus on his preparation for the upcoming event. Rodr\u00edguez was selected as Puerto Rico's flag-bearer at the Youth Olympic Games and won a gold medal. He received recognition for his achievement upon returning to Puerto Rico and a request was made for his inclusion in the Full-Time Athlete Program.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_26"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_27","query":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Gabriel Terra Leivas was a lawyer and politician from Uruguay. He served as an advisor to Uruguayan governments on diplomatic, economic, and financial issues for almost four decades. Terra was also involved in academia, teaching at the Higher School of Commerce and specializing in economic and financial science.\n\nThroughout his career, Terra held various political positions including national deputy, minister of Industry, Labor and Public Instruction, and minister of the Interior. He founded an industrial oxygen production company and was a member of the National Constituent Assembly. \n\nTerra became president of Uruguay in 1931, initially through constitutional means but later launching a self-coup to maintain power. He served as a de facto president for more than a year before reclaiming his position as a de jure constitutional president. Despite his controversial presidency, Terra was appointed as president of the Banco de la Rep\u00fablica Oriental del Uruguay in 1938. However, his tenure was cut short due to a stroke that left him paralyzed for the remaining years of his life.\n\nTerra died in poverty in 1942, but his funeral received state honors and attracted a large procession of mourning citizens. However, his presidency remains a source of controversy, with his name sparking disgust among many in Uruguay. The location of his grave is unknown, and he left no significant economic or political legacy.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_27"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_28","query":"The Sacramento Northern (SN) was an electrified interurban railroad in California. It ran from Oakland north to Chico and had three branches. The SN was known for running down the center of city streets in several towns and also transported freight. It was formed by the merger of two separate interurban companies in 1925 and was later renamed the Sacramento Northern Railroad. In 1928, it combined with another line to become the Sacramento Northern Railway under the Western Pacific Railroad's control. The SN offered extensive passenger service from Oakland to Chico until 1941, including dining car service on some trains. Freight operation with electric locomotives continued until the 1960s. The SN competed with the Southern Pacific and Western Pacific railroads for passenger and freight business between Sacramento and Oakland. In rural areas, the SN faced less competition and lower demand.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_28"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_29","query":"This text provides a summary of the life and accomplishments of Delano, who was born in a rural community in Ogun State, Nigeria in 1904. His parents were early converts to Christianity and he received a Western education, attending various schools including the CMS Grammar School and King's College, Lagos. Due to financial constraints, he worked as a clerk for the colonial administration in Lagos. Delano developed his writing skills during this time and went on to win a scholarship to teach at the University of London. He published a groundbreaking Yoruba dictionary with grammar rules that used tones and diacritics to accurately represent the language. Upon returning to Nigeria, Delano became a radio broadcaster, newspaper correspondent, and Christian leader. He advocated for pan-Africanism, wrote books about Yoruba history, and worked to bridge the gap between the Yoruba Christian community and traditional worshippers. Delano passed away in 1979 at the age of 75.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_29"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_30","query":"The Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society engaged in various abolitionist activities including writing letters, holding conventions, and circulating petitions. They wrote a letter to famous abolitionist George Thompson to express their appreciation for his work and their disappointment in the backlash he faced. They also sent a letter to the Ladies New York City Anti-Slavery Society to join forces with other female anti-slave societies. The society collected funds for themselves and the American Anti-Slavery Society, with a smaller group called the Ladies Anti-Slavery Sewing Society working to raise funds by sewing the society's slogan on various items to gain support and attention. They also distributed anti-slavery pamphlets, sent petitions to Congress, and held lectures. The society hosted a national convention in 1837 and although they were more conservative, they did not lead the convention.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_30"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_31","query":"The text lists the players from various universities who earned All-Big 12 honors in football. The players are divided into first team, second team, unanimous selections, and honorable mentions. The names of the players are provided for each university.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_31"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_32","query":"The text describes the process of selecting a new Sultan for the Habr Yunis tribe after the death of Sultan Deriyeh. Sultan Deriyeh had eighteen sons, and there were disputes among different sections of the tribe about who should succeed him. The Ba Makahil initially claimed that Ismail and Hirsi were entitled to the position, but they were killed in fighting. The Ba Makahil then chose Nur, the son of Ahmed Aman, to be their Sultan. Meanwhile, the Baha Segulleh selected Awad Deriyeh, but he was also killed, leading them to choose Mattar, the son of Hirsi, as the next Sultan. The tribe eventually decided to hold a meeting to resolve the conflict, and after much discussion, they agreed to let the claimants toss a coin to determine the Sultan. Nur won the toss and became the Sultan of the Habr Yunis tribe.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_32"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_33","query":"The text explains that cyclopropanones, which are three-membered ring ketones, undergo hydration to a significant extent. This is because the strained structure of the three-membered ring favors sp3 hybridization over sp2 hybridization. The addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl group in cyclopropanones helps release some of the strain in the small ring, making them highly reactive electrophiles. In larger rings, the stability of hemiacetals is due to entropy and the proximity of the nucleophile to the carbonyl group. The formation of cyclic hemiacetals is more favorable because it involves a single molecule reacting with itself, while acyclic acetals involve the consumption of two molecules. Cyclic hemiacetals also have a higher forward rate of reaction, making them more stable. Many biologically relevant sugars, including glucose, are examples of cyclic hemiacetals.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_33"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_34","query":"In 1906, the Secretaries of the Interior of Agriculture and War established an act for the preservation of American Antiquities. This act designated specific authorities for each department over different types of artifacts and locations, such as historic landmarks, monuments, objects of antiquity, and objects of scientific and historical value. The Secretary of Agriculture has jurisdiction over artifacts and monuments within forest reserves, while the Secretary of War has jurisdiction over those near military reserves. The US government will supervise lands under its control. Permits will not be granted to move or take any monument or artifact that can be preserved in its original place. Additionally, permits will only be granted if the project can be completed within the designated time limit and with sufficient resources. The name of the institution making the request, duration of the project, date, person in charge, type of project, and museum where the artifact will be preserved must be included in the permit application. Permits are valid for three years or less, with the possibility of an extension if progress is shown. However, if work does not commence within six months of obtaining the permit, it will become invalid.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_34"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_35","query":"The text describes Stella Adler's involvement in the Group Theatre, a theater collective in New York City formed in 1931. The group consisted of individuals with left-wing political views who aimed to produce plays that focused on important social issues. The collective operated for ten years, staging twenty productions, and influencing numerous actors, directors, and playwrights. Some notable members of the group included Luther and Jay Adler, Elia Kazan, John Garfield, Howard Da Silva, Franchot Tone, and Lee J. Cobb. Elia Kazan regarded Adler as the most talented actor in the company.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_35"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_36","query":"In this text, it is revealed that the ruler of Hell is not Happy, but a demon named Bill who has been shapeshifting to look like her. Bill fails to torment Gertrude and condemns her to repeating her quest for eternity. Horribella requests Queen Cloudia's bones as payment for engineering Gertrude's death. Bill has the bones delivered to her and Horribella resurrects Cloudia as a powerful undead being. Duncan and Larry realize that Gertrude is the only one who can defeat Cloudia and convince the Fairyland Council to resurrect her. Gertrude agrees to kill Cloudia again but later demands to return to Hell. The Council promises to send her back home if she succeeds and empowers her with their magic. Gertrude defeats Cloudia and gives her to King Cone to be imprisoned. The Council is angry that Gertrude didn't kill Cloudia but she threatens to use their magic to kill them unless they send her back home. Gertrude returns to Earth as an adult woman and works as a clerk in a television station, accepting her life but still longing for Fairyland.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_36"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_37","query":"After the September 11 attacks in 2001, Coleen Rowley, an FBI agent, wrote a paper for FBI Director Robert Mueller detailing how FBI personnel in Washington, D.C. mishandled information provided by the Minneapolis Field Office regarding their investigation into suspected terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui. Rowley's investigation revealed failures that may have made the U.S. vulnerable to the 9\/11 attacks. She expressed frustration over the events that occurred leading up to the attacks and questioned why FBI agents would deliberately sabotage a case.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_37"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_38","query":"Peter Milo Shane is a law professor and writer known for his work in two main areas. Firstly, he focuses on separation of powers law, specifically law and the presidency. His work explores the institutional concept of the rule of law in a separation of powers system, arguing that it is sustained by both formal legal rules and informal norms. He believes that the rule of law depends on an assemblage of norms and cooperative arrangements. Secondly, Shane is interested in cyberdemocracy and the potential for online government initiatives to engage the public in policy-making. He rejects technological determinism and believes that the impact of digital information technologies on democracy depends on human agency. His major work, \"Madison's Nightmare,\" synthesizes his views on separation of powers, describing the period from 1981 to 2009 as a time of aggressive presidentialism. He argues that this operating ethos undermines sound decision making, adherence to the rule of law, and democratic accountability regardless of party affiliation.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_38"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_39","query":"During World War II, the distribution of small paperbacks to military forces led to a demand for cheap books among the American population. This resulted in the emergence of a new trend in publishing after the war, known as \"pulp\" fiction. These books were inexpensive, sensational, and widely distributed using new technology. Despite being considered low-brow, many pulp authors are now celebrated. Pulp fiction often addressed taboo topics such as drugs, gangs, crime, and homosexuality. Because the literature was not respected, it faced less censorship, although publishers were cautious about certain themes. In terms of lesbian fiction, pulp books provided the only access to stories involving lesbian characters for many people in certain locations.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_39"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_40","query":"The text explains that \"Son of Man\" is a novel that explores the complex relationship between God and humanity through the experiences of two characters who question Jewish and Christian beliefs. The novel consists of two parts: a detective story and an unpublished manuscript written by a murder victim. The manuscript tells the story of Ahasuerus, the Wandering Jew, who embarks on a journey to understand religious ideologies across the ancient world. He concludes that these beliefs are influenced by political intrigue and the fears of the people. Ahasuerus later meets Jesus and challenges him on the laws and promises of Yahweh. The manuscript provides clues to solve the murder of its author, Min Yoseop. Both Yoseop and Ahasuerus are consumed by their philosophical ideals, and the tragic outcome reflects the author's pessimism about people's ability to save themselves. The novel is seen as a critique of Protestant Christianity in South Korea after the Korean war, influenced by the author's Confucian upbringing. It has been revised multiple times, with footnotes to enhance the reader's understanding. Overall, \"Son of Man\" fills a void in Korean literature regarding comparative religion and incorporates elements of apocrypha, Gnosticism, and Minjung theology.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_40"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_41","query":"The text revolves around Diane finding out about an affair between her fianc\u00e9 Tony and Sinead. Diane initially forgives Tony and puts their wedding back on, but after discovering Sinead is pregnant, invites the potential father, Daryl, to the wedding. However, Diane later realizes that Tony and Sinead are still involved and publicly confronts them. She then seeks support from Lockie and ends up having sex with him. Diane later regrets her actions and apologizes to Lockie. In a confrontation with Lockie's wife, Diane falls out of a window and is hospitalized. While in the hospital, Diane learns that Tegan Lomax is her daughter's biological mother and is injected with a potentially lethal substance by the Gloved Hand Killer. She momentarily flatlines but is resuscitated and recovers from a heart attack.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_41"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_42","query":"This text discusses the ongoing tensions between Stretch, a producer and member of the rap group Live Squad, and Tupac Shakur. After Tupac's release from federal custody in October 1995, he began working on his album All Eyez On Me, which included songs featuring incriminating lyrics about Stretch. Tupac accused Stretch of betraying him by being involved in a plot to set him up and rob him, leading to a loss of trust and friendship. Nas, another rapper who worked with Stretch, commented on the situation, expressing sympathy for Stretch and saying that he believed Stretch had nothing to do with the incident and was hurt by Tupac's accusations.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_42"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_43","query":"The text describes a series of wrestling matches involving Lacey, Jacobs, Cabana, Haze, Albright, Del Rey, McGuinness, Rave, Shingo, and Danielson. Lacey accompanies Jacobs in his matches and often gets involved by throwing powder, stomping opponents, or interfering. There are also instances where Haze fights with Lacey and vice versa. The matches result in wins and losses for different individuals, ultimately culminating in Jacobs winning his feud with Whitmer despite getting injured in a Steel Cage Match.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_43"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_44","query":"During Father Rale's War in 1724, English colonial militia attacked the village of Norridgewock. The militia quietly approached the village, which was no longer protected by a stockade. A startled Indian raised the alarm, leading to a chaotic scene where women and children fled to the river and into the woods. Around 60 braves fired their guns but did little harm. The militia, ordered to hold fire until after the enemy's first volley, took aim and successfully killed and wounded several warriors. The Abenaki sachem Bomazeen was shot while fording the river, and Chief Mogg was shot by a Mohawk in retaliation. Father Rale, who was firing at the militia from a cabin, was shot and killed while reloading his gun.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_44"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_45","query":"Teague grew up watching Gloucester and eventually joined the team at the age of 18. He played for Gloucester for most of his career, but also had short stints at Cardiff RFC and Stroud RFC. He played a total of 291 games for Gloucester and won the John Player Cup in 1982. He also had a successful season in 1981-82, scoring 21 tries, which remains a record for the club. Teague was sent off three times, including twice against Bath. He retired from playing in 1995 and became the team manager for Gloucester.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_45"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_46","query":"The text discusses the works of an author whose writings have a deeply spiritual nature. One of his works, called Vindiciae Pietatis, was initially refused a license by Archbishop Sheldon but was later published without it, along with other nonconformist books. The book quickly sold out and had a positive impact on society. The king's printer, Roger Norton, seized a large part of the first print run, intending to send it to the royal kitchen. However, upon reading the book, Norton decided it was too holy and valuable to destroy, so he bought back the sheets, bound them, and sold them in his own shop. Norton's actions were criticized, and he had to apologize before the council-table. The remaining copies of the book were then deemed to be \"bisked,\" which meant rubbing them with an inky brush and using them as kindling for fires in the kitchen. Some copies of the book still exist with this \"bisked\" appearance. Despite these challenges, the book was published again with additional content and earned a reputation. The author also published a book of sermons. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, credited this author as the originator of a prayer that Wesley introduced into Methodism in 1755.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_46"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_47","query":"This text discusses the events that took place in 1544 when Saint Francis Xavier baptized thousands of people in villages along the Travancore coast and gave them Portuguese names in Tamil. He learned to teach prayers in Tamil and was invited to Mannar but couldn't go himself. Instead, he sent another cleric named Francis Xavier who successfully preached and baptized people in Patim. The island of Mannar was under the rule of Jaffna, and its king's brother, who was in exile, wanted to become Christian and regain his throne with Portuguese help. However, the adversaries of the new faith warned the King of Jaffna that he would lose his kingdom to the Portuguese if he didn't take action against the converts in Mannar. In response, the King issued an edict ordering the converts to renounce Christianity or die. Around 600 to 700 people were martyred, with no resistance from the converts. In 1548, St. Francis Xavier visited Mannar and Jaffna and asked the king to stop harming Catholics but couldn't trust him. Those who fled to the mainland began returning to Patim in 1561, and the Catholic community flourished until the Dutch began persecuting them in 1658 when they conquered Mannar Fort, forcing missionaries and Catholic families to flee as refugees to Jaffna.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_47"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_48","query":"The text discusses the diplomatic relations between Venice and the Safavid Empire during the 17th century. The Safavid court sent Ali Bali as the last Muslim ambassador to Venice in 1634. Venice, seeking allies against the Ottomans during the Cretan War, sent Giovanni Tiepolo to Poland with a Polish envoy in 1645. In 1646, Domenico de Santis was sent to the Safavid palace, followed by Ferdinando Gioverida going to Venice in 1647. The embassies from both sides resulted in declarations of friendship, but no specific alliance was made. Further negotiations were conducted by missionaries and Catholic clergy. In 1661, Venice appealed to the Safavid Empire to join the war against the Ottomans, and similar requests were made in subsequent years through different messengers. However, the Safavid emperor's efforts to attack the Ottomans were unsuccessful, and the last Safavid diplomatic mission to Venice was in 1673. In later years, additional letters were sent to the Safavids during the War of the Holy League, expressing Venice's favorable attitude towards the king.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_48"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_49","query":"The story begins with Wolverine, surrounded by dead soldiers and a caged smilodon. He gives water to a wounded scientist named Bernard Delacroix, who begs to be released from Soteira's control by having Wolverine kill him. A grenade rolls into the laboratory, killing Bernard and freeing the smilodon who attacks Wolverine. Wolverine is then attacked by a woolly mammoth, triggered by a memory of Kitty Pryde. Wolverine sees past memories of himself advising him to go after Soteira. He rides a motorcycle to a work camp on the shore, witnessing a sniper shooting a scientist. Wolverine returns fire and discovers the sniper is White Sky's Omega Red clone. Wolverine crashes his motorcycle and loses consciousness. In his dream, he is guided by Soteira's leader, Persephone, through a prison block of past memories. Wolverine is awakened by a worker named Ana, who asks for his help to rescue her son. Wolverine theorizes that Ana's son may be used as an incubator. Ana staples Wolverine's wounds and recalls a story she heard about him saving a hospital from a man in machine gun armor. Wolverine remembers his name and Ana claims that Persephone is \"the devil\" and Soteira's architect. Wolverine decides it's time to meet Persephone and suits up in one of Soteira's black uniforms.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_49"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_50","query":"In March 2007, Freeman was traded to the New York Red Bulls in exchange for draft picks. He scored his first MLS goal in April 2007, but was later sidelined due to injury and his performance suffered. Despite losing his starting position, he regained his form by the end of the season and helped the team in their playoff run. Throughout the regular season, Freeman appeared in 16 games, including 15 starts, scoring one goal and assisting on another. He also played the full 90 minutes in the club's two playoff games.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_50"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_51","query":"This text discusses the history of the Communist Party of Chile. It explains that the party came to power in 1970 as part of the Unidad Popular coalition, which also included the Socialist Party. The communists within the coalition supported more moderate reforms and sought to compromise with the Christian Democrats. However, they faced opposition from more radical factions within the Socialist Party and smaller far-left groups. After the 1973 coup that overthrew President Salvador Allende, the Communist Party was banned and its leadership went underground. The party maintained a moderate stance even after the coup, and it was not initially a priority for the military junta to crush the party. However, around 1977, the party changed direction and established a guerrilla organization. The Communist Party was legalized again in 1990 with the restoration of democracy in Chile.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_51"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_52","query":"The text discusses the relationship between education, occupation, and cognitive reserve in old age. The two most commonly used proxies to study cognitive reserve are education and occupation. Education is known to play a role in cognitive decline, and individuals with fewer years of education have a higher prevalence of dementia. Education may protect against Alzheimer's disease and the level of education has a strong impact on an adult's lifestyle. The Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) assesses the level of cognitive reserve by taking into account years of education and possible training courses. Education is negatively correlated with dementia severity but positively correlated with grey matter atrophy, intracranial volume, and overall global cognition. Bilingualism is also shown to enhance attention and cognitive control and delays the onset of dementia. Occupation is another proxy for cognitive reserve, with studies suggesting that it provides an independent source of cognitive reserve throughout a person's life. The occupation is typically measured by the individual's longest or last job and can vary in terms of cognitive load. More cognitively stimulating occupations are weakly associated with greater memory but strongly correlated with greater executive functioning. Education and occupation are typically measured together and highly correlated with each other. A genetic study showed that high occupation levels were associated with reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease, even after taking educational attainment into account.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_52"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_53","query":"The text is a summary of Hachiya's diary, which covers the period from August 6, 1945, to September 30, 1945. Hachiya describes the effects of the atomic bomb blast on Hiroshima and his own experience as a survivor. He and his wife suffer serious burns and journey to the hospital where he works. Once he recovers, Hachiya resumes his duties as a doctor, witnessing the improvement of medical supplies and the condition of the hospital. The diary also mentions the term \"pikadon,\" used by the hospital staff and patients to describe the atomic bomb. Ultimately, Hachiya's experiences and observations are documented in his book, The Hiroshima Diary.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_53"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_54","query":"The Newcomb Lifeboat Company, founded by A.D. Newcomb, designed an enclosed lifeboat that provided compressed oxygen to occupants. In 1916, the company was incorporated in Richmond, Virginia. Shortly before the United States declared war on Germany in 1917, Congress allocated funds for the war effort, including the purchase of torpedo boat destroyers. The Newcomb Lifeboat Company agreed to build five SC-1-class submarine chasers. Due to insufficient space, the company acquired the facilities of Chesapeake Gas Engine Corporation in Hampton, Virginia. They also secured a contract to build cargo ships and increased employment at the yard. In April 1918, the company changed its name to The Hampton Shipbuilding & Marine Railway Corp. By 1918, the submarine chasers were completed, and the shipyard was taken over by Charles H. Tenney & Company. However, the Armistice of 1918 resulted in the cancellation of the contract for cargo ships. The shipyard sold two completed ships and discarded the third. The shipyard was then sold at auction in April 1921.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_54"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_55","query":"During the 2007 season, Kubica consistently scored points in his races. However, he had a serious crash during one race where his car collided with another car and lifted off the ground, leaving him unable to control the car. The car hit several walls before coming to a rest on its side. Kubica's feet were visible through the damaged front of the car. The crash resulted in an average deceleration of 28 g and a peak G-force of 75 G. Kubica was taken to the medical center but was announced to be in a stable condition. Initial reports suggested he may have a broken leg, but it was later confirmed that he was not seriously injured.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_55"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_56","query":"The text summarizes the reviews of the video game Season of Flame. Overall, the game received favorable reviews, with praise for its challenging and varied gameplay and colorful graphics. However, some critics noted drawbacks such as the short length, sameness of the minigames, and tricky controls. The controls were a common complaint, with reviewers mentioning that they were awkward and hindered smooth movement. Despite these criticisms, the graphics, humor, and puzzles were engaging, making the game enjoyable for fans of the franchise. However, some reviewers found the game to be boring and lacking in fun, stating that it did not compel players to continue the story.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_56"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_57","query":"The text discusses the movement that took place in China in 1976 following the death of Premier Zhou Enlai and the Qingming festival. The Gang of Four, anticipating that people would use the festival to commemorate Zhou's death, published an article criticizing Deng Xiaoping, implying that Zhou was his \"backer\" for capitalist ideas. This led to protests and demonstrations across cities, with people expressing their dissatisfaction and carrying wreaths in honor of Zhou. The Gang of Four tried to suppress news of the protests, but the information still spread. In response, Deng was criticized at a Politburo meeting for his alleged association with capitalists and seizing power.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_57"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_58","query":"Summary:\n\nThe text describes the actions of Corporal Phillips during his service in the Korean War. He displayed exceptional bravery and leadership as he led his squad in multiple assaults against a heavily fortified enemy position. Despite being outnumbered and facing heavy enemy fire, Phillips fearlessly led his men in a bayonet charge and rallied them when they were pinned down by mortar fire. He successfully overcame the enemy and consolidated the position, even climbing a hazardous precipice to eliminate the last remaining resistance. Phillips' valiant leadership and determination in the face of overwhelming odds were instrumental in the destruction of the enemy stronghold. His actions reflect great personal valor and uphold the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_58"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}
{"qid":"passage_retrieval_Query_59","query":"The text is about Calvin Zabo, a biochemist who becomes obsessed with the idea of transforming into a superhuman form similar to the character Mr. Hyde in Stevenson's novel. He robs his employers to fund his experiments and seeks revenge on Donald Blake, a doctor who refuses to give him a job. Zabo successfully creates a formula that transforms him into a Hulk-like creature called Mister Hyde. Hyde attempts to kill Blake, but Blake transforms into Thor and survives. Hyde then kidnaps Blake and Jane Foster, but Thor ultimately defeats him. The authorities suspect Thor of the crimes, but he allows Hyde to escape to keep Blake safe.","answer_pids":["passage_retrieval_Passage_59"],"dataset":"passage_retrieval"}