title,text,label
Cuenca_de_Pamplona,"Cuenca_de_Pamplona  2010-10-28T20:25:28Z   The Cuenca de Pamplona (Basque: Iruñerria) is a comarca in Navarre, Spain. The Spanish word cuenca means 'cavity' and it may mean 'territory surrounded of mountains or hills'. The metropolitan area of Pamplona grows in detriment of the ceralistic countryside. It includes the municipalities of Ansoáin, Aranguren, Barañáin, Belascoáin, Beriáin, Berrioplano, Berriozar, Burlada, Zizur Mayor, Cizur Menor, Echarri, Egüés, Ezcabarte, Cendea de Galar, Gulina, Huarte, Iza, Juslapeña, Noáin - Valle de Elorz, Oláibar, Olza, Ollo, Orcoyen, Pamplona, Tiebas-Muruarte de Reta, Etxauri, Bidaurreta and Villava. ,  Cuenca_de_Pamplona  2012-02-04T23:52:06Z   The Cuenca de Pamplona (Basque: Iruñerria) is a comarca in Navarre, Spain. The Spanish word cuenca means 'basin', referring to a 'territory surrounded of mountains or hills'. The metropolitan area of Pamplona grows in detriment of the ceralistic countryside. Ansoáin, Aranguren, Barañáin, Belascoáin, Beriáin, Berrioplano, Berriozar, Burlada, Zizur Mayor, Cizur Menor, Echarri, Egüés, Ezcabarte, Cendea de Galar, Gulina, Huarte, Iza, Juslapeña, Noáin - Valle de Elorz, Oláibar, Olza, Ollo, Orcoyen, Pamplona, Tiebas-Muruarte de Reta, Etxauri, Bidaurreta and Villava.",0
De_casibus_virorum_illustrium,"De_casibus_virorum_illustrium  2009-02-11T04:46:20Z   De Casibus Virorum Illustribus ( ""On the Fates of Famous Men"" ) is a work of 56 biographies in Latin prose composed by the Florentine figure Giovanni Boccaccio of Certaldo about moral stories of the falls of famous men like his work of 106 biographies On Famous Women. De Casibus is an encyclopedia of historical biography and a part of the classical tradition of historiography. It deals with the fortunes and calamities of famous people starting with the biblical Adam, going to mythological and ancient people, then to people of Boccaccio's fourteenth century time period. The work was so successful it was referred to as the De Casibus tradition because it influenced many other famous authors like Geoffrey Chaucer, John Lydgate, and Laurent de Premierfait. De Casibus also inspired character figures in works like The Canterbury Tales, The Monk's Tale, Fall of Princes (c. 1438), Des Cas de nobles hommes et femmes (c. 1409), Caida de principles (fifteenth century Spanish collection), and A Mirror for Magistrates (sixteenth century German collection by Jacob Ziegler). Boccaccio wrote the core of his work from about 1355 to 1360 with revisions and modifications up to 1374. For almost four hundred years this work was the better known of his material. The forceful written periodic Latin work was far more widely read then the now famous vernacular Tuscan/Italian tales of Decameron. The Renaissance period saw the secular biography development which was spearheaded partly by the success of this work being a stimulus and driving force of the new biography-moral genre. Boccaccio's perspective focuses on the disastro awaiting all who are too favored by luck and on the inevitable catastrophes awaiting those with great fortune. He offers a moral commentary on overcoming misfortune by adhering to virtue through a moral God's world. Here the monastic chronicle tradition combines with the classical ideas of Senecan tragedy. De casibus stems from the tradition of exemplary literature works about famous people. It showed with the lives of these people that it was not only biographies but snapshots of their moral virtues. Boccaccio relates biographies of famous people that were at the height of happiness and fell to misfortune when they least expected it. This sad event is sometimes referred to as a ""de casibus tragedy"" after this work. William Shakespeare created characters based on this phenomenon as did Christopher Marlowe. In order, directly translated from Latin edition. ,  De_casibus_virorum_illustrium  2010-03-13T03:00:58Z   De Casibus Virorum Illustribus (On the Fates of Famous Men) is a work of 56 biographies in Latin prose composed by the Florentine figure Giovanni Boccaccio of Certaldo about moral stories of the falls of famous people, similar to his work of 106 biographies On Famous Women. De Casibus is an encyclopedia of historical biography and a part of the classical tradition of historiography. It deals with the fortunes and calamities of famous people starting with the biblical Adam, going to mythological and ancient people, then to people of Boccaccio's fourteenth century time period. The work was so successful it was referred to as the De Casibus tradition because it influenced many other famous authors like Geoffrey Chaucer, John Lydgate, and Laurent de Premierfait. De Casibus also inspired character figures in works like The Canterbury Tales, The Monk's Tale, Fall of Princes (c. 1438), Des Cas de nobles hommes et femmes (c. 1409), Caida de principles (fifteenth century Spanish collection), and A Mirror for Magistrates (a very popular sixteenth-century continuation written by William Baldwin and others). Boccaccio wrote the core of his work from about 1355 to 1360 with revisions and modifications up to 1374. For almost four hundred years this work was the better known of his material. The forceful written periodic Latin work was far more widely read then the now famous vernacular Tuscan/Italian tales of Decameron. The Renaissance period saw the secular biography development which was spearheaded partly by the success of this work being a stimulus and driving force of the new biography-moral genre. Boccaccio's perspective focuses on the disastro awaiting all who are too favored by luck and on the inevitable catastrophes awaiting those with great fortune. He offers a moral commentary on overcoming misfortune by adhering to virtue through a moral God's world. Here the monastic chronicle tradition combines with the classical ideas of Senecan tragedy. De casibus stems from the tradition of exemplary literature works about famous people. It showed with the lives of these people that it was not only biographies but snapshots of their moral virtues. Boccaccio relates biographies of famous people that were at the height of happiness and fell to misfortune when they least expected it. This sad event is sometimes referred to as a ""de casibus tragedy"" after this work. William Shakespeare created characters based on this phenomenon as did Christopher Marlowe. In order, directly translated from Latin edition.",0
Blake Harrison,"Blake Harrison  2018-01-13T23:28:45Z  Blake Harrison (born 1985) is an English actor, best known for playing Neil Sutherland in the BAFTA-winning E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. Blake starred in three series and two subsequent films of the multi-award-winning comedy The Inbetweeners. Harrison's other television work includes the BBC Three comedies Way to Go and Him & Her, Comedy Central's Big Bad World, The Bleak Old Shop of Stuff, and The Bill. Harrison also starred in all three seasons of The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret, created by David Cross. Harrison's theatre work includes Step 9 of 12 at the Trafalgar Studios, London in 2012 and The Accidental Lives of Memories at the White Bear Theatre. Harrison's film work includes Keeping Rosy with Maxine Peake and Re-Uniting the Rubins with Timothy Spall; he also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions. In 2014 he played Alfie in the ITV sitcom Edge of Heaven. Harrison also provided the voice of Scoop in the British and American versions of the 2015 reboot of the British children's TV series Bob the Builder. He played the part of Private Pike in the 2016 film remake of Dad's Army. ,  Blake Harrison  2019-12-19T15:57:21Z  Blake Harrison (born 22 July 1985) is an English actor and dancer. He is best-known for playing Neil Sutherland in the BAFTA-winning E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. Harrison starred in three series and two subsequent films of the multi-award-winning comedy The Inbetweeners. Harrison's other television work includes the BBC Three comedies Way to Go and Him & Her, Comedy Central's Big Bad World, The Bleak Old Shop of Stuff, and The Bill. Harrison also starred in all three seasons of The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret, created by David Cross. His theatre work includes 'End of the Pier' at the Park Theatre in 2018, Step 9 of 12 at the Trafalgar Studios, London in 2012 and The Accidental Lives of Memories at the White Bear Theatre. His film work includes Keeping Rosy with Maxine Peake, Madness in the Method and Re-Uniting the Rubins with Timothy Spall; he also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions. In 2014 he played Alfie in the ITV sitcom Edge of Heaven. Harrison also provided the voice of Scoop in the British and American versions of the 2015 reboot of the British children's TV series Bob the Builder. He played the part of Private Pike in the 2016 film remake of Dad's Army. In 2018 he directed the award-winning short film Hooves of Clay, in which he also starred alongside Rebecca Humphries. Later he played Andrew Newton in A Very English Scandal. Harrison also scored the winning penalty goal in the charitable event Soccer Aid in 2018. Series 8 Episode 2 Harrison has two children, a daughter and a son.",1
Valerie Mahaffey,"Valerie Mahaffey  2012-02-09T21:59:57Z  Valerie Mahaffey (born June 16, 1953) is an American actress and producer, who won an Emmy Award for her work on Northern Exposure. She later won fame through her portrayal of extroverted and friendly but ultimately insane women on the television shows Wings and Desperate Housewives. From 1979-81, she starred in the soap opera The Doctors, which earned her a nomination for Daytime Emmy Awards in 1980. From 1992-93 she played in the short-lived NBC sitcom The Powers That Be. She played Tracy Milford in the 1995 film National Lampoon's Senior Trip and Jan Kempster in the 1997 film Jungle 2 Jungle. In 1999 she had a recurring role in the ER. In 2003 she starred in the film Seabiscuit. In 2009, she appeared in seven episodes United States of Tara. Her stage credits include Eastern Standard, Talking Heads, Top Girls, and Rex. She co-starred in the feature film Crazy Eyes, playing ""Zach's mother"". She has made guest appearances on Quantum Leap, Seinfeld, L.A. Law, Ally McBeal, Judging Amy, The West Wing, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Cheers, Frasier, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Private Practice, Boston Legal, Better with You, Glee, Without a Trace, Hannah Montana Forever, and Raising Hope. She is set to have a guest appearance on Glee as the mother of Emma Pillsbury She is married to Joseph Kell, with whom she has one child. ,  Valerie Mahaffey  2013-12-21T16:56:27Z  Valerie Mahaffey (born June 16, 1953) is an American character actress and producer. She won an Emmy Award for her work on Northern Exposure. She later won fame through her portrayal of extroverted and friendly but ultimately insane women on the television shows Wings and Desperate Housewives. Mahaffey was born in Indonesia and moved to Austin, Texas at the age of 16. Mahaffey graduated from Austin High School and attended the BFA in University of Texas at Austin in 1975 and later made her Broadway debut in musical Rex. Mahaffey was regular cast member in the soap opera The Doctors from 1979 to 1981, which earned her a nomination for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1980. She starred in the film Women of Valor in 1986 and whilst the characters are fictitious, it portrayed women's roles in the Philippines during World War II. As of late 1980's, Mahaffey began acting in television comedies, like Newhart, Cheers, and Seinfeld. From 1992–93, she starred in the short-lived NBC sitcom The Powers That Be. She played Tracy Milford in the 1995 film National Lampoon's Senior Trip and Jan Kempster in the 1997 film Jungle 2 Jungle. In 1999, she had a recurring role on ER. In 2003, she starred in the film Seabiscuit. In 2009, she appeared in seven episodes United States of Tara. Her stage credits include Eastern Standard, Talking Heads, Top Girls, and Rex. Mahaffey won Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her performance as the chronic hypochondriac Eve in the CBS series Northern Exposure in 1992. Mahaffey was the only actor from the series to win an Emmy Award. Mahaffey played Alma Hodge in season 3 of ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives from 2006 to 2007. Mahaffey has made guest appearances on Quantum Leap, L.A. Law, Ally McBeal, Judging Amy, The West Wing, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Frasier, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Private Practice, Boston Legal, Without a Trace, and Raising Hope. She also appeared on Glee as the mother of Emma Pillsbury from 2011 to 2013. Mahaffey co-starred as Fran Horowitz in short-lived TNT medical drama Monday Mornings in 2013. Also in 2013, she had a recurring role on Lifetime Television comedy-drama series Devious Maids as Olivia Rice. Mahaffey is married to Joseph Kell, with whom she has one child.",1
Morgaro Gomis,"Morgaro Gomis  2011-01-28T06:54:15Z  Morgaro ""Jimmy"" Gomis (born 14 July 1985) is a French born-Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Dundee United in the Scottish Premier League, where he was a runner-up in the 2008 Scottish League Cup Final, and Winner in the 2010 Scottish Cup Final. Starting his career in France, Gomis spent most of his early career in the English lower leagues before moving to Scottish Football League side Cowdenbeath. His performances earned him a move to Dundee United in January 2007, where he exceeded expectations and was young player of the year for 2007–08. Although born in Paris and self-identifying as French, Gomis represents Senegal at international level, for whom he qualifies through his Senegalese parents. He was part of the Dundee United side that won the Scottish Cup in 2010 and was the first (and currently only) African to have played 100 times for the club. Gomis was at Montpellier in his youth and had unsuccessful trials with Chelsea, Freiburg and Lausane-Sport and West End Rovers. Gomis spent several years playing in the English lower leagues. In 2004, he signed for Windsor & Eton and featured in 18 league matches, scoring once. In January 2005, Gomis moved to Dagenham & Redbridge but the move quickly became controversial after an agent became involved in a contract row with the club. Gomis left in March without making an appearance and rejoined Windsor, playing in five matches before the end of the season. Gomis had a short stay with Barnet at the start of the 2005–06 season – where he featured in a matchday squad once as an unused substitute – but moved to Lewes after his month-to-month contract wasn't renewed. Gomis played in fourteen league matches and scored once during his stay with the Rooks. In July 2006, Gomis moved to Scotland and joined Cowdenbeath who at the time were managed by Mixu Paatelainen. While at the Central Park club, Gomis scored 2 goals including a 25-yarder versus Peterhead and a last minute diving header to secure a 3–2 win at home to Forfar Athletic. On 8 December, just four months after his Cowdenbeath debut, Gomis agreed a move to Premier League side Dundee United and joined in January 2007, signing until the end of the following season. Such was Gomis's earlier-than-expected impact – Manager Craig Levein had said upon signing him that he would ""not go straight into the first team"" – that he was given a two-year extension to his contract in September 2007. Gomis said he was ""very happy"" and ""delighted"", Nicknamed 'Jimmy' by Dundee United fans, going on to be named as the club's young player of the year for 2007–08. In January 2009, Gomis received a further extension to his contract. Gomis received the first winners medal of his senior career as part of the Dundee United F.C. squad that won the Active Nation Scottish Cup against Ross County F.C. in May 2010. In March 2009, Gomis received his first international call-up, being named in Senegal's squad for the matches against Oman and Iran. Having been born in France of Senegalese parents, Gomis has always considered himself to be French, but was reportedly ""flattered and surprised"" by the call-up. Having initially said he would consider carefully whether to accept, he later announced his decision to play for Senegal, making his debut that week. As of 26 January 2011,  Morgaro Gomis  2012-12-27T08:51:24Z  Morgaro Gomis (born 14 July 1985) is a Senegal international footballer who plays for English Football League Championship club Birmingham City. Starting his career in France, Gomis spent most of his early career in English non-League football before moving to Scottish Football League side Cowdenbeath. His performances earned him a move to Dundee United in January 2007, where he exceeded expectations and was young player of the year for 2007–08. Although born in Paris and self-identifying as French, Gomis represents Senegal at international level, for whom he qualifies through his Senegalese parents. He was part of the Dundee United side that won the Scottish Cup in 2010 and was the first African to have played 100 times for the club. He left the club when his contract expired at the end of the 2010–11 season to join Birmingham City. Gomis was at Montpellier in his youth and had unsuccessful trials with Chelsea, Freiburg and Lausanne-Sport. Gomis spent several years playing in English non-League football. In 2004, he signed for Windsor & Eton and featured in 18 league matches, scoring once. In January 2005, Gomis moved to Dagenham & Redbridge but the move quickly became controversial after an agent became involved in a contract row with the club. Gomis left in March 2005 without making an appearance and rejoined Windsor, playing in five matches before the end of the season. Gomis had a short stay with Barnet at the start of the 2005–06 season – where he featured in a matchday squad once as an unused substitute – but moved to Lewes after his month-to-month contract wasn't renewed. Gomis played in fourteen league matches and scored once during his stay with ""the Rooks"". In July 2006, Gomis moved to Scotland and joined Cowdenbeath who at the time were managed by Mixu Paatelainen. While at the Central Park club, Gomis scored 2 goals including a 25-yarder versus Peterhead and a last minute diving header to secure a 3–2 win at home to Forfar Athletic. On 8 December, just four months after his Cowdenbeath debut, Gomis agreed a move to Scottish Premier League side Dundee United and joined in January 2007, signing until the end of the following season. Such was Gomis's earlier-than-expected impact – Manager Craig Levein had said upon signing him that he would ""not go straight into the first team"" – that he was given a two-year extension to his contract in September 2007. Gomis said he was ""very happy"" and ""delighted"", In January 2009, Gomis received a further extension to his contract. Gomis received the first winners medal of his senior career as part of the Dundee United squad that won the Scottish Cup against Ross County in May 2010. In April 2011, Dundee United manager Peter Houston indicated that he expected Gomis to leave the club at the end of the season because the Terrors were unable to match the player's demands. On 16 June 2011, Championship side Birmingham City completed the signing of free agent Gomis on a two-year deal. He made his debut in the Football League on the opening day of the 2011–12 season, playing the whole of a 2–1 defeat at Derby County. At home to Millwall, Gomis, described by the Telegraph's reporter as ""combin industry with silky passes from his deep-lying central midfield position"", played a ""deliciously weighted pass"" behind the defence from which Jean Beausejour crossed for Chris Wood to open the scoring. In March 2009, Gomis received his first international call-up, being named in Senegal's squad for friendly matches against Oman and Iran. Having been born in France of Senegalese parents, Gomis had always considered himself to be French, but was reportedly ""flattered and surprised"" by the call-up. Having initially said he would consider carefully whether to accept, he later announced his decision to play for Senegal. He made his debut that week in the starting eleven against Oman, a 2–0 defeat, and played as a substitute in the 1–1 draw with Iran.",1
William_Rawson,"William_Rawson  2010-02-10T11:50:18Z   William Stepney Rawson (14 October 1854 – 4 November 1932) was a footballer who played at full back for England, and was also an FA Cup Final referee. Rawson was born in in Cape Town, South Africa and attended Westminster School, representing the school at ""soccer"" in 1872 and 1873, becoming captain in his final year. He then went up to Oxford University, winning a ""blue"" in four consecutive years, from 1874 to 1877. He played in the 1874 FA Cup Final for Oxford University - in the match, played against the Royal Engineers at the Kennington Oval on 14 March 1874, the University were the victors by 2 goals to 0. His brother Herbert played for the opposition. He made his debut for the England football team on 6 March 1875 again at The Oval, in a game against Scotland, which finished 2-2. His brother Herbert won his only cap alongside him in this fixture. This was the first occasion on which two brothers played for England in the same match. As a referee, he was awarded the 1876 FA Cup Final between the Wanderers and Old Etonians, also at the The Oval, which was undecided when the first match ended 1-1 after extra time on 11 March 1876. Wanderers eventually triumphed 3-0 in the replay on 18 March 1876. On 3 March 1877, he was honoured with the captaincy of the international side, once more against Scotland, and once again at The Oval, in a match which the Scots won 3-1. He collected just the two international caps for his adopted country. He was on the losing side in the 1877 FA Cup Final - the match at The Oval on 24 March was won by the Wanderers by 2 goals to 1 against Oxford University. During his career he also played for Old Westminsters F. C. and Wanderers. He served on the FA committee from 1876 to 1877 and again in 1879. Oxford University Referee,  William_Rawson  2011-04-23T16:55:54Z   William Stepney Rawson (14 October 1854 – 4 November 1932) was a footballer who played at full back for England, and was also an FA Cup Final referee. Rawson was born in Cape Town, South Africa and attended Westminster School, representing the school at ""soccer"" in 1872 and 1873, becoming captain in his final year. He then went up to Oxford University, winning a ""blue"" in four consecutive years, from 1874 to 1877. He became the first African born player to appear in an FA Cup final when played in the 1874 FA Cup Final for Oxford University - in the match, played against the Royal Engineers at the Kennington Oval on 14 March 1874, the University were the victors by 2 goals to 0. His brother Herbert played for the opposition. He made his debut for the England football team on 6 March 1875 again at The Oval, in a game against Scotland, which finished 2-2. His brother Herbert won his only cap alongside him in this fixture. This was the first occasion on which two brothers played for England in the same match. As a referee, he was awarded the 1876 FA Cup Final between the Wanderers and Old Etonians, also at the The Oval, which was undecided when the first match ended 1-1 after extra time on 11 March 1876. Wanderers eventually triumphed 3-0 in the replay on 18 March 1876. On 3 March 1877, he was honoured with the captaincy of the international side, once more against Scotland, and once again at The Oval, in a match which the Scots won 3-1. He collected just the two international caps for his adopted country. He was on the losing side in the 1877 FA Cup Final - the match at The Oval on 24 March was won by the Wanderers by 2 goals to 1 against Oxford University. During his career he also played for Old Westminsters F. C. and Wanderers. He served on the FA committee from 1876 to 1877 and again in 1879. Oxford University Referee Template:Persondata",0
Blake Harrison,"Blake Harrison  2010-01-20T23:05:47Z  Blake Harrison is an English actor who is most well-known for playing Neil Sutherland in the E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. He attended the BRIT School in 2003 and the East 15 Acting School in 2007, before appearing in The Inbetweeners and two episodes of The Bill for ITV as Pete Monks in 2008. He has also appeared in fringe theatre productions, such as The Accidental Lives of Memories as well as Market Boy and Richard III while training. He is experienced in Commercials, Film, Student Film, Rehearsed Readings, Theatre and TV. He is a member of the British Equity. He also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions and is due to feature in the upcoming British film Re-Uniting the Rubins. He lives in London, as well as acting he also writes music and is a fan of Millwall FC. he is gay,  Blake Harrison  2011-12-28T15:54:39Z  Blake Harrison (born 23 July 1985) is an English actor and dancer who is most well known for playing Neil Sutherland in the E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. He attended the BRIT School in 2003 and the East 15 Acting School in 2007, before appearing in The Inbetweeners and two episodes of The Bill for ITV as Pete Monks in 2008. He has also appeared in fringe theatre productions, such as The Accidental Lives of Memories as well as Market Boy and Richard III while training. He is a member of the British Equity. He also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions and is due to feature in the upcoming British film Re-Uniting the Rubins. He lives in Sidcup ; as well as acting he also writes music and is a fan of Millwall Football Club.",1
Susana González,"Susana González  2006-06-07T21:59:31Z  Susana Gonzalez was born on October 2 1973 in Calara, Zacatecas, Mexico. 1.	""Amor no tiene precio, El"" (2005) TV Series . ... Maria Liz González ... aka Priceless Love (International: English title) 2.	Cicatrices (2005) . ... Diana 3.	""Hospital el paisa""     - La Ex-Cita (2004) TV Episode . ... Lucía Gordillo 4.	Al otro lado (2004) 5.	Silencio profundo (2003) ... aka Deep Silence (International: English title) 6.	""Velo de novia"" (2003) TV Series . ... Andrea Paz 7.	""Entre el amor y el odio"" (2002) TV Series . ... Ana Cristina Robles 8.	Chinango (2002) . ... Sofia 9.	""Amigas y rivales"" (2001) TV Series . ... Angela ... aka Friends and Rivals (International: English title) 10.	""Rayito de luz"" (2000) (mini) TV Series 11.	""Amor gitano"" (1999) TV Series . ... Zokka 12.	""Rosalinda"" (1999) TV Series . ... Luz Elena 13.	""Cuento de Navidad"" (1999) (mini) TV Series 14.	""Mujeres engañadas"" (1999) TV Series . ... Ivette 15.	¡Que vivan los muertos! (1998) 16.	""Preciosa"" (1998) TV Series . ... Felina 17.	Atómica (1998) . ... Chica Podium 18.	""María Isabel"" (1997) TV Series . ... Elisa ... aka Si tu supieras... María Isabel (Mexico: complete title) 19.	""Sentimientos ajenos"" (1996) TV Series . ... Norma 20.	""Baila conmigo"",  Susana González  2007-12-24T03:11:01Z  Susana González (born 2 October 1973 in Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas) is a Mexican actress. After having met Eduardo Santamarina on the set of Amigas Y Rivales, the two fell in love. After a few rough patches in their relationship, they have gotten back together, and have been inseparable since. y Rivales",1
Niall McGinn,"Niall McGinn  2008-08-04T21:01:42Z  Niall McGinn is one of Derry City's star players having signed from donaghmore celtic as a bosman signing. He plays mainly as a right winger but has been known to ply his trade as back up striker. throughout his time with donaghmore celtic Niall set a goal scoring record in the lonsdale league netting 17 goals in one match against the square bar. Since Pat McCourt left for Glasgow Celtic FC, Niall has taken over the captaincy and is hoping to lead the candystripes to league honours under Stephen Kenny. Niall is a nephew of the country singer Kenny Rogers and a Grandson of famous soul musician Louie Armstrong. Niall is the world record holder for the amount of hard boiled eggs eaten while lying in a bathtub full of baked beans. ,  Niall McGinn  2009-12-29T17:17:35Z  Niall McGinn (born 20 July 1987) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays for Celtic and Northern Ireland as a midfielder. Born in Donaghmore, McGinn was signed by Derry City manager Stephen Kenny in January 2008 for an undisclosed fee from Dungannon Swifts in the Carnegie Premier League. His decision to sign a professional soccer contract meant that McGinn retired from playing Gaelic football for Donaghmore and Tyrone U-21s. A very promising young talent, McGinn mainly plays on the left or right side of midfield but he can also be employed as a secondary striker. This led to McGinn featuring in the Northern Ireland under-23 team. McGinn's fine season with Derry City in 2008 was publicly recognised when he won the 2008 PFAI Young Player of the Year award. During 2008 he had attracted interest from Chelsea, Celtic and Championship sides Ipswich Town and Swansea City. On 16 December it was confirmed that McGinn would sign for Celtic on 1 January 2009. On 12 September 2009 McGinn made his first team debut for Celtic against Dundee United. Although the game ended in a 1–1 draw, McGinn was awarded the official Man of the Match award. On 31 October 2009 McGinn scored his first goal for Celtic coming on as a 66th minute substitute in a 3-0 win over Kilmarnock at Celtic Park. Niall scored his second goal for Celtic against Hamilton Academical on 26 December 2009 by driving a right footed shot into the top corner. In November 2008, McGinn received his first call-up to the Northern Ireland senior squad by manager Nigel Worthington for the series of international friendlies and he gained his first cap coming on as a substitute against Hungary on 19 November. He was the first Derry City player to play for the senior Northern Ireland team in 19 years. Although disappointed in the result, Nigel Worthington is quoted as saying of McGinn: He was the one bright spark in our side. He did what he is good at - he kept it simple. He ran at players when he had the opportunity and was not afraid. McGinn again impressed when called up to the senior squad for the friendly against Israel at Windsor Park on 12 August 2009. The match ended 1-1, and McGinn came on as a second half substitute. Again, his individual perfmormance was praised by manager Nigel Worthington: Niall McGinn did terrifically well - he got us up the pitch and used his pace and ability.",1
Romiit Raaj,"Romiit Raaj  2009-03-13T08:56:10Z  Romit Raaj or Romit Raj (born 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appears in the Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann (as Yuvraj Garodia) and Maayka (as Jeet Khuraana). He also acted in Humdum which was released in 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released in 4 May 2007. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. ,  Romiit Raaj  2010-12-02T12:29:09Z  Romit Raaj or Romit Raj (born 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appears in the Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann (as Yuvraj Garodia) and Maayka (as Jeet Khuraana). He also acted in Humdum which was released in 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released in 4 May 2007. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. Romit Raj shifted to Mumbai when he was a year old until he was 10. It was in Kolkata where he started his modeling career and completed his education. He actively took part in school and college plays and also got the opportunity to work in bengali telefilm and television serials with reputed directors of Bengal. In 2002, he shifted back to Mumbai to fulfill his dreams and coming back after a time span of 12 years which was very exciting yet not easy. Currently, he is playing the chaacter ""YUVRAJ"" in Ghar ki Lakshmi Betiyaan and ""JEET"" in Maayka. To him, this industry is a family in itself away from family where love/respect/care/hatred and emotions does exist. In future, he would like to work with good directors, whether in films or television, through which he can showcase his talents further and earn appreciation from the industry and all his fans. Romit has a girlfriend named Tina. They met in Pune and their family have agreed to their marriage.he married to Tina.",1
Carol Kane,"Carol Kane  2001-11-20T00:29:11Z  Played Valerie in the movie The Princess Bride (1987). ,  Carol Kane  2002-10-15T04:07:37Z  Carol Kane(born June 18, 1952) is an American actress from Cleveland, Ohio. Kane is best known for her portrayal of ""Simka Dahblitz-Gravas"", wife of ""Latka Gravis"" (Andy Kaufman), on the American television series Taxi from 1981 to 1983. Kane earned two Emmy Awards for her work in the series. Film External Link: http://www.open.org/~glennab/carolkanefanpage.htm",1
Alwyn_Jones_(biophysicist),"Alwyn_Jones_(biophysicist)  2008-05-01T20:18:19Z   Thomas Alwyn Jones (born 30 August 1947) is a Welsh biophysicist and a professor at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. He was educated at King's College London, where he received his BSc and PhD degrees. He held various positions at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Munich from 1973 to 1979, and in Uppsala from 1979. Jones was a Research Professor employed by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council 1987-1994, and has been Professor of Structural Biology at the Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala, from 1994. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He is a recipient of the Grigori Aminoff Prize (2003), ""for his pioneering development of methods to interpret electron density maps and to build models of biological macromolecules with the aid of computer graphics"" and of the Lindo Patterson Award, 2005 (American Crystallographic Association). ,  Alwyn_Jones_(biophysicist)  2009-04-26T16:43:28Z   Thomas Alwyn Jones (born 30 August 1947) is a Welsh biophysicist and a professor at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. He was educated at King's College London, where he received his BSc and PhD degrees. He held various positions at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Munich from 1973 to 1979, and in Uppsala from 1979. Jones was a Research Professor employed by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council 1987-1994, and has been Professor of Structural Biology at the Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala, from 1994. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He is a recipient of the Grigori Aminoff Prize (2003), ""for his pioneering development of methods to interpret electron density maps and to build models of biological macromolecules with the aid of computer graphics"" and of the Lindo Patterson Award, 2005 (American Crystallographic Association). David Travers""'From Flint Flintshire by St. Richar Gwyn High School",0
Miss Virginia USA,"Miss Virginia USA  2019-01-23T03:45:45Z  The Miss Virginia USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Virginia in the Miss USA pageant. Virginia has been only moderately successful in terms of number of semi-finalists. They have had two Miss USAs. They are one of only four states to have had two Miss USAs in succession (the others being Illinois, Texas, and District of Columbia). Virginia's greatest success came from the late 1960s to early 1980s. Virginia should have had the first Miss USA crown in 1954, as Ellen Whitehead finished 1st runner-up, and Miss USA 1954, Miriam Stevenson, became Miss Universe 1954. However, there was no rule until the 1960s that the 1st runner-up became Miss USA after the winner won Miss Universe. If that was true, 2nd runner-up, Miss New York USA, Karin Hultman would have become Miss USA 1954, as Ellen was disqualified due to being underage. Nine Miss Virginia USA winners have previously held the Miss Virginia Teen USA title and competed at Miss Teen USA. Virginia currently holds the record for the most Miss Teen USA state winners to win a Miss USA state title from the same state; it is second to Miss Indiana USA for crowning the most former teens. Two Miss winners have also competed at Miss America. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant,  Miss Virginia USA  2020-12-17T23:48:27Z  The Miss Virginia USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Virginia in the Miss USA pageant. Virginia has been only moderately successful in terms of number of semi-finalists. They have had two Miss USAs. They are one of only four states to have had two Miss USAs in succession (the others being Illinois, Texas, and District of Columbia). Virginia's greatest success came from the late 1960s to early 1980s. Virginia should have had the first Miss USA crown in 1954, as Ellen Whitehead finished 1st runner-up, and Miss USA 1954, Miriam Stevenson, became Miss Universe 1954. However, there was no rule until the 1960s that the 1st runner-up became Miss USA after the winner won Miss Universe. If that was true, 2nd runner-up, Miss New York USA, Karin Hultman would have become Miss USA 1954, as Whitehead was disqualified due to being underage. Ten Miss Virginia USA winners have previously held the Miss Virginia Teen USA title and competed at Miss Teen USA and two were previously competed in other states (Georgia and New York), currently tied with Indiana at twelve. Virginia also currently holds the record for the most Miss Teen USA state winners to win a Miss USA state title from the same state. Two Miss winners have also competed at Miss America. Susie Evans of Poquoson was crowned Miss Virginia USA 2020 on January 19, 2020 at the Carpenter Theater in Richmond. She represented Virginia for the title of Miss USA 2020. Virginia holds a record of 23 placements at Miss USA. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant",1
Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle,"Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle  2009-09-13T13:28:35Z   Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle is the world's 10th longest cave at 154 km. It is also 1. 34 km deep. It is located in Switzerland, in the canton of Bern. The cave was first explored in 1966, when two of its 15 entrances were discovered. Courbon, P. (1989). Atlas of the great caves of the world. Cave Books: St. Louis, Missouri. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help),  Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle  2010-10-10T10:16:07Z   Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle was, in 2010, the world's 11th longest cave, with a 154-km development. It is also the world's 22nd deepest cave with 1 340 m deep. It is located in Switzerland, in the canton of Bern at the north of the Lake of Thun, between the villages of Eriz and Habkern. The cave network is developing in the Urgonian limestone formation (Aptian age). The cave was first explored in 1966 by the Club Jurassien, a speleology club from La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, when three of its 34 entrances were discovered. Explorations were later undertaken by the Speleo Club des Montagnes Neuchâteloises (SCMN), as well as several Belgian caving clubs. In 1975-76, the Groupement Interclub de Perfectionnement à la Spélélogie (GIPS) from Brussels joined the exploration of the underground network. The Centre Routier de Spéléo (CRS) (Brussels) also participated to the discovery of the deep zone (T2) while the Spéléo Club de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (SCUCL) contributed to the continuation of the explorations and survey of the deep zone. Currently, 34 entrances of the cave system are known.",0
Martin Clunes,"Martin Clunes  2007-01-14T15:16:40Z  Martin Clunes (born, Alexander Martin Clunes, 28 November 1961 in Wimbledon, South London) is an English actor. The son of the classical actor Alec Clunes, he is best known as Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly which was broadcast from 1992 to 1998. His first television appearance came a decade earlier in Doctor Who, and he also got a role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home. Clunes is an established dramatic actor too, starring in films and television shows such as An Evening With Gary Lineker, Staggered, Hunting Venus, William and Mary, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace, and Jeeves and Wooster. In 2002 he played serial killer John George Haigh in A Is for Acid, and four years earlier he starred as Richard Burbage in Shakespeare in Love. He also has the leading role in the ITV comedy drama series, Doc Martin, which is produced by the production company he runs with his wife. When Angus Deayton was sacked as host of Have I Got News For You, Clunes was one of several people recruited to guest host the topical news quiz, having been an extremely successful panellist and stand-in captain in the past (he joked that, as he had been a contestant on the show so many times that there was now only one chair on the set that he had not sat in, before dropping a spotlight and dramatic music on Ian Hislop). Clunes won much acclaim for his role and was a popular choice for a permanent role before the decision was made for the programme to have a different guest presenter each week. Clunes was frequently recruited by his friend and former Men Behaving Badly co-star Harry Enfield to play characters in his sketch shows, and he is also the voice of Kipper on the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. He is a keen camper-van driver. Clunes is the cousin of the late actor Jeremy Brett who is most famous for portraying Sherlock Holmes in the long running ITV show The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes from the 1980s. Martin Clunes recently appeared in the ITV drama William and Mary, which ran into a second series. He played the leading role as William in this romantic comedy shown in 2004. Clunes is twice married: Clunes lives in Beaminster in Dorset. ,  Martin Clunes  2008-12-26T22:29:30Z  Alexander Martin Clunes (born 28 November 1961) is a BAFTA and SAG award-winning English actor and comedian. Clunes is the son of the classical actor Alec Clunes who died of lung cancer when Martin was eight; while his mother Daphne, later a board member of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, once worked for Orson Welles. Clunes attended kindergarten with screenwriter Peter Morgan, and was educated at two independent secondary schools, the Royal Russell School in Croydon and The Arts Educational Schools, in Chiswick, London. His cousin, the late actor Jeremy Brett who portrayed Sherlock Holmes in the long running ITV show The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, encouraged Clunes in his acting career. Clunes served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance came in the 1980s Doctor Who story Snakedance as the spoiled Lon. But a sporadic career led to him supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of sitcom All at No. 20 . While appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him which developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows. Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, bringing Clunes his best-known role to date and for which he won a BAFTA television award in 1996. Establishing himself, he has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening With Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace, and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the Oscar-winning film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. Clunes is a friend of rock singer Gary Numan who appeared in his movie Hunting Venus. Afterwards Clunes made a guest appearance live on stage with Numan and played bass to the hit single ""Cars"". In 2002 he played serial killer John George Haigh in A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. . Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV romantic comedy-drama William and Mary, which ran for three series, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). His leading role in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin from 2004 marked a successful change of direction for Clunes. In 2005, his portrayal of the ornery vascular surgeon turned cranky general practitioner won him a nomination for Most Popular Actor in the National Television Awards. The show is produced for ITV by Buffalo Pictures Ltd. the production company he runs in partnership with his wife, Philippa Braithwaite. At the media launch for the third series of Doc Martin in September 2007, Clunes announced that as ITV had not yet commissioned a fourth series, that he planned to take a year's break from work to relax and rediscover his passion for acting, move to the far side of the camera and plans to grow his hair again as he ""misses his locks."". The final episode of Series 3 succeeded in attracting nearly 10 million viewers or 40% of audience share. There was, however, mixed reaction from fans to Series 3's dénouement. In an interview in November 2007 on ITV's GMTV, he promised that there would be a fourth series but not for another year (2009). In August 2007 he starred in ITV's The Man Who Lost His Head. In January 2008, ITV announced its forthcoming sponsorship opportunities for Autumn 2008, which included Martin Clunes: a man and his dogs, a documentary that sees Martin Clunes charting the family tree of his dogs. There will be a book to accompany this programme, for which Clunes hopes to take the photographs. Clunes is a regular voice over artist and is the voice of Kipper on the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. A sponsor of numerous charities, he has made a short online film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. He also, in October 2007, filmed a Christmas advert for the Born Free Foundation. He also appeared in Fungus The Bogeyman playing Jessica White's dad. On 9 November 2007 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Bournemouth University. Clunes first marriage was to the actress Lucy Aston. They later divorced after Clunes began a relationship with the television producer Philippa Braithwaite. . Braithwaite and Clunes married in 1997. and in 1999 Braithwaite gave birth to a daughter, Emily. Clunes lives with his family in Beaminster, Dorset.",1
Taiwan independence movement,"Taiwan independence movement  2021-01-03T02:40:39Z  Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement to seek formal international recognition of Taiwan as an independent, sovereign nation and in opposition to Chinese unification. Some opinions also extend the scope to include Kinmen and Matsu Islands. Currently, Taiwan's political status is ambiguous. Taiwan and other islands are currently under the control of the Republic of China (ROC), a country that conducts official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by 15 United Nations-recognized countries. The current administration of the ROC maintains that Taiwan is already an independent country as the ROC and thus does not have to push for any sort of formal independence. The use of independence for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Republic of Taiwan, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current ROC and is already independent (as reflected in the concept of One Country on Each Side). Some supporters advocate the exclusion of Kinmen and Matsu, which are controlled by the ROC but are located off the coast of mainland China. Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition which seeks to retain the somewhat ambiguous status quo of the ROC under the 1992 consensus, or gradually reunify with mainland China at some point. The government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) opposes Taiwanese independence since it believes that Taiwan and mainland China comprise two portions of a single country's territory. The PRC's government has formulated a ""One-China principle"", whereby foreign countries may only conduct official diplomatic relations with the PRC on the condition that they surrender all official diplomatic relations with and formal recognition of the ROC. Due to the PRC's economic clout, it has successfully pressured many countries into withdrawing official recognition of the ROC. At the conclusion of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan was ceded by the Chinese Qing Empire to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the conclusion of World War II and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, Taiwan was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) on behalf of the WWII Allies. The ROC, then the generally recognized government of both China and Taiwan, declared Taiwan to have been ""restored"" to China; this is argued to have been an illegal act. In 1949–1950, the Communist Party of China (CPC) drove the ROC government out of China and into Taiwan (plus some minor Chinese islands), during the events of the Chinese Civil War. At the time, no treaty had yet been signed to officially transfer Taiwan to China. The ROC selected Taipei as the provisional capital (of China) and declared ""martial law"" in 1949. The supposedly democratic institutions of the ROC were ""temporarily"" suspended. With democracy suspended in ROC-controlled Taiwan, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) of the ROC, in reality, developed Taiwan into a dictatorship. The period of martial law that existed in Taiwan from 1949 until 1987 resulted in the unlawful convictions and occasional executions of thousands of Taiwanese and Chinese democracy activists and other dissidents. This period has become colloquially known as the ""White Terror"". In 1987, the Kuomintang released its hold on power and ended martial law in Taiwan. This was due not only to pressure from democracy/independence activists within Taiwan but also pressure from the United States due to its citizen Henry Liu having been assassinated by criminal triad members hired by the Republic of China military intelligence. From hereafter, independence-oriented parties were now able to gain control of Taiwan. Democratic activism within Taiwan gave birth to a range of independence-oriented political parties. Most notable out of these is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which has been democratically elected into power three times. The governing body of Taiwan still continues to identify as the ""Republic of China"", but many institutions have been occupied and occasionally changed by the DPP, which has led to a theory that ""the ROC is Taiwan"". It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved de facto independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005. The PRC and the Kuomintang continue to argue that ""the Chinese Civil War hasn't yet ended"". These two political camps have developed a ""1992 Consensus"" in order to cement Taiwan's status as a province of ""China"". In retaliation, the DPP has been trying to develop a ""Taiwan Consensus"". The polity that exercises real control over Taiwan is a collection of political parties that variously refer to their country as either ""Taiwan (Republic of China)"" or ""China (Republic of China)"". There is no real consensus within the country over the fundamental status of the country itself, with the country being divided between two main factions known as the ""Pan-Blue Coalition"" and the ""Pan-Green Coalition"". The Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT), believes that their country (including Taiwan) is China and does not acknowledge the legitimacy of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which they view to be an occupation of the rest of China by rebel forces; they refer to Taiwan, the place where they actually live, as ""Taiwan, free area of the Republic of China"". On the other hand, the Pan-Green Coalition, currently led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), believes that their country is limited to the geographical definition of Taiwan (including Taiwan's satellite islands and the Penghu Islands), as well as perhaps some minor outlying islands, and does not actively claim sovereignty over China. Furthermore, the territorial dispute over Taiwan is connected to various other territorial disputes in East Asia, especially the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands dispute and the various South China Sea Islands disputes. For the former, this is because both the PRC and the Pan-Blue Coalition believe that the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands are part of the geographical definition of Taiwan, although they are currently under the control of Japan and have been under Japanese rule since the late 19th century; hence, the Chinese claim to the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands is simply an extension of the Chinese claim to Taiwan. Meanwhile, regarding the latter, Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few islands of the South China Sea, and the Pan-Blue Coalition further claims sovereignty over all of the other islands of the South China Sea. Finally, another crucial detail of the territorial dispute over Taiwan is the fact that Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few other non-Taiwanese islands assigned to China; the islands of Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu, which are under Taiwan/ROC control, are geographically defined as being parts of Fujian Province, China (within Taiwan/ROC, they are governed as parts of the Pan-Blue Coalition's own definition of Fujian Province, China). Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (KMT). The former coalition aims to eventually achieve full sovereign independence for Taiwan. Whereas, the latter coalition aims to improve relations with the Beijing government (PRC) — which it refers to as ""mainland China"" — and eventually ""reunify"" at some point. Both parties have long been forced to precariously dance around the so-called ""status quo"" of Taiwan's political status. The DPP is unable to immediately declare independence due to pressure from the PRC and the KMT, whereas the KMT and PRC are unable to immediately achieve Chinese unification due to pressure from the DPP and its unofficial allies (including political factions within the United States (US), Japan, and the European Union (EU)). The 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki and 1951 Treaty of San Francisco are often cited as the main bases for Taiwan independence in international law, if such things as ""self-determination"" and the Montevideo Convention (on the Rights and Duties of States) are to be disregarded. These two treaties are not recognized by the Beijing government and the Pan-Blue Coalition of Taiwan. Whereas the PRC usually dismisses self-determination and the Montevideo Convention as conspiracies against Chinese sovereignty, the two aforementioned treaties have strong legal bases in international law and have been recognized by numerous countries across the globe. Notably, the Treaty of San Francisco forms the primary basis of modern Japan's independence (from the WWII Allies), and largely dictates Japan's modern geopolitics. The premise of citing these two treaties is that: a) Japan gained sovereignty over Taiwan in 1895, b) Japan lost sovereignty over Taiwan in 1951–1952, and c) Japan never indicated the ""successor state"" on Taiwan thereafter. Therefore, according to certain activists, this means that Taiwan is only controlled by the Republic of China on behalf of the WWII Allies, and does not constitute a part of the ROC's sovereign territory. The Beijing government disregards these two treaties, claiming that: a) the Treaty of Shimonoseki has been nullified and b) the Treaty of San Francisco was illegal. Furthermore, the Potsdam Declaration and Cairo Communique are often cited as indisputable bases for Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan. The PRC is also adamant on emphasizing the fact that the United Nations (UN) refers to Taiwan as ""Taiwan, Province of China"". However, this point is dubious given that it has a huge amount of influence over the UN as one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. The Beijing government also claims that the majority of countries recognize Taiwan as a province of China, though this is only a half-truth. People's Republic of China authorities also accuse the US, Japan, and the EU of interfering in ""Chinese internal affairs"", claiming that the United States is responsible for separating Taiwan from China, and is responsible for manufacturing ""artificial"" pro-independence sentiments within Taiwan. Most governments, including the U.S. government, claim to adhere to a so-called ""One-China Policy"", which is based on the Chinese ""One China Principle"". Most ""developed"" and ""Western"" countries consider Taiwan to be a self-governing state in reality. However, since recognizing the existence of an ""independent Taiwan/ROC"" provides some form of grounds for officially recognising Taiwan independence, China (PRC) usually rejects the main premise of the Montevideo Convention, which is that ""there are certain realities that determine statehood"" (irrespective of international recognition). Within the Pan-Green Coalition of Taiwan, there are two main factions. The faction that is currently in power aims to attain official international recognition for the reality of ""two Chinas"", where the PRC and the ROC can coexist; later, the ROC can gradually ""transform"" itself into a Taiwanese state whilst avoiding a major conflict with the PRC. Whereas, the other faction aims to directly achieve Taiwan independence through a more abrupt and complete overthrowal of ROC institutions within Taiwan, which the faction views to be illegitimate. The use of ""independence"" for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Taiwanese state, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China from Resolution on Taiwan's Future and that ROC-Taiwan is already independent (as reflected in the evolving concept from Four Noes and One Without to One Country on Each Side); both of these ideas run counter to the claims of China (PRC). Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement. According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Qing rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, ""Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion"". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid. The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing ""General Order No. 1"" to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would ""temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."" Modern-day political movement for Taiwan independence dates back to the Japanese colonial period but only became a viable political force within Taiwan in the 1990s. Taiwanese independence was advocated periodically during the Japanese colonial period, but was suppressed by the Japanese government. These efforts were the goal of the Taiwanese Communist Party of the late 1920s. Unlike current formulations, and in line with the thinking of the Comintern, such a state would have been a proletarian one. With the end of World War II in 1945, Japanese rule ended, but the subsequent autocratic rule of the ROC's Kuomintang (KMT) later revived calls for local rule. However, it was a movement supported by the Chinese students who were born on the Island and not associated with KMT. It found its roots in the US and Japan. In the 1950s a Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government was set up in Japan. Thomas Liao was nominally the President. At one time it held quasi-official relations with the newly independent Indonesia. This was possible mainly through the connections between Sukarno and the Provisional Government's Southeast Asian liaison, Chen Chih-hsiung, who had assisted in Indonesia's local resistance movements against the Japanese rule. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. mainland Chinese-born people who fled to Taiwan with KMT in the late 1940s). The February 28 Incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law that lasted until 1987 contributed to the period of White Terror on the island. In 1979, the Kaohsiung Incident, occurred as the movement for democracy and independence intensified. Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the ROC government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and it used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to vacate the seats held by delegates elected on the mainland in 1947 for the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Taiwanese state. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school-taught Mandarin Chinese. Several scholars drafted various versions of a constitution, as both political statement or vision and as intellectual exercise. Most of these drafts favor a bicameral parliamentary rather than presidential system. In at least one such draft, seats in the upper house would be divided equally among Taiwan's established ethnicities. In the 1980s the Chinese Nationalist government considered publication of these ideas criminal. In the most dramatic case, it decided to arrest the pro-independence publisher Cheng Nan-jung for publishing a version in his Tang-wai magazine, Liberty Era Weekly (自由時代週刊). Rather than giving himself up, Cheng self-immolated in protest. Other campaigns and tactics toward such a State have included soliciting designs from the public for a new national flag and anthem (for example, Taiwan the Formosa). More recently the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign (台灣正名運動) has played an active role. More traditional independence supporters, however, have criticized name rectification as merely a superficial tactic devoid of the larger vision inherent in the independence agenda. Various overseas Taiwan Independence movements, such as the Formosan Association, World United Formosans for Independence, United Young Formosans for Independence (Japan), Union for Formosa's Independence in Europe, United Formosans in America for Independence, Committee for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto, Ont.), published ""The Independent Formosa"" in several volumes with the publisher ""Formosan Association."" In ""The Independent Formosa, Volumes 2-3"", they tried to justify Taiwanese collaboration with Japan during World War II by saying that the ""atmosphere covered the whole Japanese territories, including Korea and Formosa, and the Japanese mainlands as well"", when Taiwanese publications supported Japan's ""holy war"", and that the people who did it were not at fault. The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence. In 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo became director of the secret police, which he remained until 1965. Chiang also considered some people who were friends to Americans to be his enemies. An enemy of the Chiang family, Wu Kuo-chen, was kicked out of his position of governor of Taiwan by Chiang Ching-kuo and fled to America in 1953. Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and Kuomintang party activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute. Chiang orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American CIA against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The CIA allegedly wanted to help Sun take control of Taiwan and declare its independence. During the martial law era lasting until 1987, discussion of Taiwan independence was forbidden in Taiwan, at a time when recovery of the mainland and national unification were the stated goals of the ROC. During that time, many advocates of independence and other dissidents fled overseas, and carried out their advocacy work there, notably in Japan and the United States. Part of their work involved setting up think tanks, political organizations, and lobbying networks in order to influence the politics of their host countries, notably the United States, the ROC's main ally at the time, though they would not be very successful until much later. Within Taiwan, the independence movement was one of many dissident causes among the intensifying democracy movement of the 1970s, which culminated in the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was eventually formed to represent dissident causes. After the lifting of martial law in 1987, and the acceptance of multi-party politics, the Democratic Progressive Party became increasingly identified with Taiwan independence, which entered its party platform in 1991. At the same time, many overseas independence advocates and organizations returned to Taiwan and for the first time openly promoted their cause in Taiwan, gradually building up political support. Many had previously fled to the US or Europe and had been on a blacklist held by KMT, which had held them back from going back to Taiwan. Where they had fled, they built many organisations like European Federation of Taiwanese Associations or Formosan Association for Public Affairs. By the late 1990s, DPP and Taiwan independence have gained a solid electoral constituency in Taiwan, supported by an increasingly vocal and hardcore base. As the electoral success of the DPP, and later, the DPP-led Pan-Green Coalition grew in recent years, the Taiwan independence movement shifted focus to identity politics by proposing many plans involving symbolism and social engineering. The interpretation of historical events such as the February 28 Incident, the use of broadcast language and mother tongue education in schools, the official name and flag of the ROC, slogans in the army, orientation of maps all have been issues of concern to the present-day Taiwan independence movement. The movement, at its peak in the 70s through the 90s in the form of the Taiwan literature movement and other cultural upheavals, has moderated in recent years with the assimilation of these changes. Friction between ""mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan has decreased due to shared interests: increasing economic ties with mainland China, continuing threats by the PRC to invade, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Since the late 1990s many supporters of Taiwan independence have argued that Taiwan, as the ROC, is already independent from the mainland, making a formal declaration unnecessary. In May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party formalized this position in its ""Resolution on Taiwan's Future"". In 1995, Taiwanese president Lee Teng-hui was given permission to speak at Cornell University about his dream of Taiwanese independence, the first time a Taiwanese leader had been allowed to visit the United States. This led to a military response from China that included buying Russian submarines and conducting missile tests near Taiwan. In February 2007, President Chen Shui-bian initiated changes to names of state-owned enterprises, and the nation's embassies and overseas representative offices. As a result, Chunghwa Post Co. (中華郵政) was renamed Taiwan Post Co (臺灣郵政) and Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) is now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan (臺灣中油) and the signs in Taiwan's embassies now display the word ""Taiwan"" in brackets after ""Republic of China"". In 2007, the Taiwan Post Co. issued stamps bearing the name ""Taiwan"" in remembrance of the February 28 Incident. However, the name of the post office was reverted to 'Chunghwa Post Co.' following the inauguration of Kuomintang president Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The Pan-Blue camp voiced its opposition to the changes and the former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou said that it would generate diplomatic troubles and cause cross-strait tensions. It also argued that without a change in the relevant legislation pertaining to state-owned enterprises, the name changes of these enterprises could not be valid. As the Pan-Blue camp held only a slim parliamentary majority throughout the administration of President Chen, the Government's motion to change the law to this effect were blocked by the opposition. Later, U.S. Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack said that the U.S. does not support administrative steps that would appear to change Taiwan's status or move toward independence. Former president Lee Teng-hui has stated that he never pursued Taiwanese independence. Lee views Taiwan as already an independent state, and that the call for ""Taiwanese independence"" could even confuse the international community by implying that Taiwan once viewed itself as part of China. From this perspective, Taiwan is independent even if it remains unable to enter the UN. Lee said the most important goals are to improve the people's livelihoods, build national consciousness, make a formal name change and draft a new constitution that reflects the present reality so that Taiwan can officially identify itself as a country. Legislative elections were held on 12 January 2008, resulting in a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature for the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition. President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party was handed a heavy defeat, winning only the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. Two months later, the election for the 12th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held on Saturday, 22 March 2008. Kuomintang (KMT) nominee Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party rule. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. On 1 August 2008, the Board of Directors of Taiwan Post Co. resolved to reverse the name change and restored the name ""Chunghwa Post"". The Board of Directors, as well as resolving to restore the name of the corporation, also resolved to re-hire the chief executive dismissed in 2007, and to withdraw defamation proceedings against him. On 2 September 2008, President Ma defined the relations between Taiwan and mainland China as ""special"", but ""not that between two states"" - they are relations based on two areas of one state, with Taiwan considering that state to be the Republic of China, and mainland China considering that state to be the People's Republic of China. Ma's approach with the mainland is conspicuously evasive of political negotiations that may lead to unification which is the mainland's ultimate goal. The National Unification Guidelines remain “frozen” and Ma has precluded any discussion of reunification during his term by his “three no’s” (no unification, no independence, and no use of force). The Democratic Progressive Party, led by Tsai Ing-wen, won a landslide victory over the Kuomintang on 20 May 2016. Her administration has stated she seeks to maintain the current political status of Taiwan. The PRC government continues to criticize the Taiwanese government, as the DPP administration has refused to officially recognize the 1992 Consensus and the One-China policy. Domestically, the issue of independence has dominated Taiwanese politics for the past few decades. This is also a grave issue for mainland China. The creation of a Taiwanese state is formally the goal of the Taiwan Solidarity Union and former President Lee Teng-hui. Although the Democratic Progressive Party was originally also an advocate for both the idea of a Taiwanese state and Taiwan independence, they now take a middle line in which a sovereign, independent Taiwan is identified with the ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" and its symbols. This movement also has international significance, because the PRC has stated, or implied, that it will force reunification by taking military action against Taiwan under one of these five conditions: (1) Taiwan makes a formal declaration of independence, (2) Taiwan forges a military alliance with any foreign power, (3) internal turmoil arises in Taiwan, (4) Taiwan gains weapons of mass destruction, (5) Taiwan shows no will to negotiate on the basis of “one China.” The PRC government warned that if the situation in Taiwan were to become “worse,” it will not look on “indifferently.” Such a military action would pose the threat of a superpower conflict in East Asia. Under the terms of Taiwan Relations Act, United States shall provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character. However, Taiwan Relations Act does not oblige US to provide military intervention. While so, military intervention could still be sought should a formal declaration of war be made by the President of the United States in an act of Congress signed by the President. The questions of independence and the island's relationship to mainland China are complex and inspire very strong emotions among Taiwanese people. There are some who continue to maintain the KMT's position, which states that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (of which they consider Taiwan to be a part), and that the aim of the government should be eventual reunification of the mainland and Taiwan under the rule of the ROC. Some argue that Taiwan has been, and should continue to be, completely independent from China and should become a Taiwanese state with a distinct name. Then, there are numerous positions running the entire spectrum between these two extremes, as well as differing opinions on how best to manage either situation should it ever be realized. On 25 October 2004, in Beijing, the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said Taiwan is “not sovereign,” provoking strong comments from both the Pan-Green and Pan-Blue coalitions – but for very different reasons. From the DPP's side, President Chen declared that ""Taiwan is definitely a sovereign, independent country, a great country that absolutely does not belong to the People's Republic of China"". The TSU (Taiwan Solidarity Union) criticized Powell, and questioned why the US sold weapons to Taiwan if it were not a sovereign state. From the KMT, then Chairman Ma Ying-jeou announced, “the Republic of China has been a sovereign state ever since it was formed .” The pro-unification PFP Party Chairman, James Soong, called it “Taiwan's biggest failure in diplomacy.” The first view considers the move for Taiwan independence as a nationalist movement. Historically, this was view of such pro-independence groups as the tangwai movement (which later grew into the Democratic Progressive Party) who argued that the ROC under the Kuomintang had been a ""foreign regime"" forcibly imposed on Taiwan. Since the 1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence no longer actively make this argument. Instead, the argument has been that, in order to survive the growing power of the PRC, Taiwan must view itself as a separate and distinct entity from “China.” Such a change in view involves: (1) removing the name of “China” from official and unofficial items in Taiwan, (2) changes in history books, which now portrays Taiwan as a central entity, (3) promoting the use of Taiwanese language in the government and in the education system, (4) reducing economic links with mainland China, and (5) promoting the general thinking that Taiwan is a separate entity. The goal of this movement is the eventual creation of a country where China is a foreign entity, and Taiwan is an internationally recognized country separate from any concept of “China."" The proposed ""state of Taiwan"" will exclude areas such as Quemoy and Matsu off the coast of Fujian, and some of the islands in the South China Sea, which historically were not part of Taiwan. Some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that the Treaty of San Francisco justifies Taiwan independence by not explicitly granting Taiwan to either the ROC or the PRC, even though neither the PRC nor the ROC government accepts such legal justification. It is also thought that if formal independence were declared, Taiwan's foreign policies would lean further towards Japan and the United States, and the desirable option of United Nations Trusteeship Council is also considered. The Taiwan Independence Party won a single seat in the Legislative Yuan in the 1998 legislative election. The Taiwan Solidarity Union was formed in 2001, and is also supportive of independence. Though it gained more legislative support than TAIP in elections, the TSU's legislative representation has dropped over time. In 2018, political parties and organizations demanding a referendum on Taiwan's independence formed an alliance to further their objective. The Formosa Alliance was established on 7 April 2018, prompted by a sense of crisis in the face of growing pressure from China for unification. The alliance wanted to hold a referendum on Taiwan's independence in April 2019, and change the island's name from the “Republic of China” to “Taiwan,” and apply for membership in the United Nations. In August 2019, another party supportive of independence, the Taiwan Action Party Alliance was founded. A second view is that Taiwan is already an independent nation with the official name “Republic of China,” which has been independent (i.e. de facto separate from mainland China/de jure separate from PRC) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, when the ROC lost control of mainland China, with only Taiwan (including the Penghu islands), Kinmen (Quemoy), the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian Province, and some of the islands in the South China Sea remaining under its administration. Although previously no major political faction adopted this pro-status quo viewpoint, because it is a ""compromise"" in face of PRC threats and American warnings against a unilateral declaration of independence, the DPP combined it with their traditional belief to form their latest official policy. This viewpoint has not been adopted by more radical groups such as the Taiwan Solidarity Union, which favor only the third view described above and are in favor of a Republic or State of Taiwan. In addition, many members of the Pan-Blue Coalition are rather suspicious of this view, fearing that adopting this definition of Taiwan independence is merely an insincere stealth tactical effort to advance desinicization and the third view of Taiwan independence. As a result, supporters of Pan-Blue tend to make a clear distinction between Taiwan independence and Taiwan sovereignty, while supporters of Pan-Green tend to try to blur the distinction between the two. Most Taiwanese and political parties of the ROC support the status quo, and recognize that this is de facto independence through sovereign self-rule. Even among those who believe Taiwan is and should remain independent, the threat of war from PRC softens their approach, and they tend to support maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing an ideological path that could result in war with the PRC. When President Lee Teng-hui put forth the two-states policy, he received 80% support. A similar situation arose when President Chen Shui-bian declared that there was ""one country on each side"" of the Taiwan Strait. To this day, the parties disagree, sometimes bitterly, on such things as territory, name (R.O.C. or Taiwan), future policies, and interpretations of history. The Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC believe that Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian are intent on publicly promoting a moderate form of Taiwan independence in order to advance secretly deeper forms of Taiwan independence, and that they intend to use popular support on Taiwan for political separation to advance notions of cultural and economic separation. The third view, put forward by the government of the PRC and Nationalists of the KMT, defines Taiwan independence as ""splitting Taiwan from China, causing division of the nation and the people. "" What PRC claims by this statement is somewhat ambiguous according to supporters of Taiwanese independence, as some statements by the PRC seem to identify China solely and uncompromisingly with the PRC. Others propose a broader and more flexible definition suggesting that both mainland China and Taiwan are parts that form one cultural and geographic entity, although divided politically as a vestige of the Chinese Civil War. The PRC considers itself the sole legitimate government of all China, and the ROC to be a defunct entity replaced in the Communist revolution that succeeded in 1949. Therefore, assertions that the ROC is a sovereign state are construed as support for Taiwan independence, so are proposals to change the name of the ROC. Such a name change is met with even more disapproval since it rejects Taiwan as part of the greater China entity (as one side of a still-unresolved Chinese civil war). The ROC used to be recognized by the UN as the sole legal government of China until 1971. In that year, the UN Resolution 2758 was passed, and the PRC became recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. During PRC President Hu Jintao's visit to the United States on 20 April 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush reaffirmed to the world that the U.S. would uphold its ""one China"" policy. Chinese nationalists have called the Taiwan independence movement and its supporters to be hanjian (traitors). According to an opinion poll conducted in Taiwan by the Mainland Affairs Council in 2019, 27.7% of respondents supported Taiwan's independence: 21.7% said that the status quo has to be maintained for now but Taiwan should become independent in the future, while 6% said that independence must be declared as soon as possible. 31% of respondents supported the current situation as it is, and 10.3% agreed to unification with the mainland with 1.4% saying that it should happen as soon as possible. Taiwanese Public Opinion Foundation poll conducted again in June 2020 showed, 54% of respondents support official independence for Taiwan: 23.4 percent prefer maintaining the status quo, 12.5 percent favor unification with China, and 10 percent do not hold any particular view on the matter. This represents the highest level of support for Taiwan's Independence since the survey was first conducted in 1991. When the government of the Republic of China (under the Kuomintang) was forced to retreat to Formosa and the Pescadores (Taiwan and Penghu) in 1949, several Chinese (i.e. not Japanese) islands still remained under Kuomintang control. Because the Chinese Communist Party never gained control of the Kinmen, Wuqiu, and Matsu Islands, they are now governed by the Republic of China on Taiwan as Kinmen County (Kinmen, Wuqiu) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) within a streamlined Fujian Province. The islands are often referred to collectively as Quemoy and Matsu or as ""Golden Horse"". Historically, Kinmen County ('Quemoy') and Lienchiang County ('Matsu') served as important defensive strongholds for the Kuomintang during the 1950–1970s, symbolizing the frontline of Kuomintang resistance against the Communist rebellion. They represented the last Kuomintang presence in ""mainland China"". The islands received immense coverage from Western (especially United States) media during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954–1955 and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1958. They were very significant in the context of the Cold War, a period from 1946 until 1991 of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and its allies). Ever since the transition into multi-party politics (i.e. ""Democratization"") during the 1990s, Kinmen and Lienchiang counties have now essentially developed into two electorates that can be contested through democratic elections. Currently the two electorates are ""strongholds"" for the Kuomintang due mainly to popular opinion within the electorates, rather than brute control (as in the past). The two electorates have recently developed close relations with the mainland, which lies only around 2–9 km west from the islands, whereas Taiwan lies around 166–189 km east from the islands. Quemoy and Matsu are unique and important for several reasons. Reportedly, the local government of Kinmen County supports stronger business and cultural ties with mainland China, similarly to the Kuomintang, and views itself as an important proxy (representative) or nexus (focal point) for improving Cross-Strait relations (that is, in the favour of Chinese unification). In January 2001, direct travel between Kinmen County (and Lienchiang County) and mainland China re-opened under the ""mini Three Links"". As of 2015, Kinmen has plans to become a ""special economic zone (of China)"", similarly to the neighbouring mainland Chinese city of Xiamen. This might be accomplished in part by building a huge bridge connecting Kinmen to Xiamen, via the island of Lesser Kinmen (Lieyu); already, a bridge is being constructed between Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen. Additionally, Kinmen has plans to become a ""university island"". In 2010, ""National Kinmen Institute of Technology"" was upgraded to ""National Quemoy University"". Kinmen County plans to establish several branches of mainland Chinese universities in Kinmen, and has bargained with the central Taiwanese (ROC) government so that universities in Kinmen don't have to bounded by the same quotas as other Taiwanese universities in terms of admitting mainland Chinese students. In 2018, the local government of Kinmen County unveiled a new undersea pipeline linking Kinmen to mainland China, through which drinking-water can be imported. This business deal caused controversy in Taiwan and resulted in a ""stand-off"" between Kinmen County and the Mainland Affairs Council of Taiwan (ROC). Within Taiwan, one camp believes that Kinmen County (Quemoy) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) should be abandoned from a potential independent and sovereign Taiwanese state. This view aligns with the aforementioned treaties and acts that do not define Kinmen and Matsu as being part of Taiwan. This same camp also believes that the PRC has only ""allowed"" the ROC to continue controlling Kinmen and Matsu in order to ""tether"" Taiwan to mainland China. The fact that the PRC propagandizes Kinmen and Matsu is evidence that this is true to at least a certain degree. In a hypothetical scenario where Kinmen and Matsu are abandoned by the Taiwanese state, they would likely be ""ceded"" to the People's Republic of China via a peace treaty, officially ending the Chinese Civil War. Also within Taiwan, a second camp believes that Quemoy and Matsu belong to Taiwan. This camp believes that the ROC and Taiwan have become one and the same. By this logic, Taiwan effectively owns all of the same territories that the ROC is said to own. Among these territories is Quemoy and Matsu. If a potential Taiwanese state were to be created, this camp believes that the new country will actually be the successor state to the ROC, rather than an entirely new country. Therefore, if Taiwan independence were to be successfully achieved, then the islands of Quemoy and Matsu would hypothetically cease to be administered as ""Fujian Province"", and would instead simply be classified as ""satellite islands of Taiwan"" (much in the same way as Penghu). Despite the differing views of these two camps, there is a general understanding throughout Taiwan that Quemoy and Matsu are not part of the historical region of ""Taiwan"", due to having never been governed under the following regimes: Dutch Formosa, Spanish Formosa, Kingdom of Tungning, Republic of Formosa, and Japanese Formosa. Additionally, Quemoy and Matsu experienced a unique history for several years as military outposts of the ROC, further separating the islands from Taiwan in terms of culture. Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China,  Taiwan independence movement  2022-12-25T18:35:39Z  Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement which advocates the formal declaration of an independent and sovereign Taiwanese state, as opposed to Chinese unification or the status quo in Cross-Strait relations. Currently, Taiwan's political status is ambiguous. China currently claims it is a province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), whereas the current Tsai Ing-wen administration of Taiwan maintains that Taiwan is already an independent country as the Republic of China (ROC) and thus does not have to push for any sort of formal independence. As such, the ROC consisting of Taiwan and other islands under its control already conducts official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by 13 member states of the United Nations and the Holy See. The use of ""independence"" for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Taiwanese state or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China and is already independent (as reflected in the concept of One Country on Each Side). Some supporters advocate the exclusion of Kinmen and Matsu, which are controlled by Taiwan but are located off the coast of mainland China. Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition, which seeks to retain the somewhat ambiguous status quo of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under the so-called ""1992 Consensus"" or gradually ""reunify"" with mainland China at some point. The governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) oppose Taiwanese independence since they believe that Taiwan and mainland China comprise two portions of a single country's territory. For the ROC, such a move would be considered a violation of its constitution. Both governments have formulated a ""One-China Policy"", whereby foreign countries may only conduct official diplomatic relations with either the PRC or the ROC, on the condition that they sever official diplomatic relations with and formal recognition of the other. The ROC's One-China policy was softened following democratization in the 1990s. At the conclusion of the First Sino-Japanese War on 17 April 1895, Taiwan was ceded by the Chinese Qing Empire to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. A number of prominent officials in Taiwan who opposed the treaty declared independence and formed the Republic of Formosa, which was dissolved when Japanese troops overran the capital Tainan on 21 October 1895. At the conclusion of World War II and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, Taiwan was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) on behalf of the WWII Allies. The ROC, then the generally recognized government of both China and Taiwan, declared Taiwan to have been ""restored"" to China; this is argued to have been an illegal act. In 1949–1950, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) drove the ROC government out of China and into Taiwan (plus some minor Chinese islands), during the events of the Chinese Civil War. At the time, no treaty had yet been signed to officially transfer Taiwan to China. The ROC selected Taipei as the provisional capital (of China) and declared ""martial law"" in 1949. The supposedly democratic institutions of the ROC were ""temporarily"" suspended. With democracy suspended in ROC-controlled Taiwan, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) of the ROC, in reality, developed Taiwan into a dictatorship. The period of martial law that existed in Taiwan from 1949 until 1987 resulted in the unlawful convictions and occasional executions of thousands of Taiwanese and Chinese democracy activists and other dissidents. This period has become colloquially known as the ""White Terror"". After 1987 Lieyu massacre, the Kuomintang released its hold on power and ended martial law in Taiwan. This was due not only to pressure from democracy/independence activists within Taiwan but also pressure from the United States due to its citizen Henry Liu having been assassinated by criminal triad members secretly trained and dispatched by the Republic of China Military Intelligence Bureau. From hereafter, independence-oriented parties were now able to gain control of Taiwan. Democratic activism within Taiwan gave birth to a range of independence-oriented political parties. Most notable out of these is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which has been democratically elected into power three times. The governing body of Taiwan still continues to identify as the ""Republic of China"", but many institutions have been occupied and occasionally changed by the DPP, which has led to a theory that ""the ROC is Taiwan"". It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved de facto independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005. The PRC and the Kuomintang continue to argue that ""the Chinese Civil War hasn't yet ended"". These two political camps have developed a ""1992 Consensus"" in order to cement Taiwan's status as a province of ""China"". In retaliation, the DPP has been trying to develop a ""Taiwan Consensus"". The polity that exercises real control over Taiwan is a collection of political parties that variously refer to their country as either ""Taiwan (Republic of China)"" or ""China (Republic of China)"". There is no real consensus within the country over the fundamental status of the country itself, with the country being divided between two main factions known as the ""Pan-Blue Coalition"" and the ""Pan-Green Coalition"". The Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT), believes that their country (including Taiwan) is China and does not acknowledge the legitimacy of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which they view to be an occupation of the rest of China by rebel forces; they refer to Taiwan, the place where they actually live, as ""Taiwan, free area of the Republic of China"". On the other hand, the Pan-Green Coalition, currently led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), believes that their country is limited to the geographical definition of Taiwan (including Taiwan's satellite islands and the Penghu Islands), as well as perhaps some minor outlying islands, and does not actively claim sovereignty over mainland China. Furthermore, the territorial dispute over Taiwan is connected to various other territorial disputes in East Asia, especially the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands dispute and the various South China Sea Islands disputes. For the former, this is because both the PRC and the Pan-Blue Coalition believe that the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands are part of the geographical definition of Taiwan, although they are currently under the control of Japan and have been under Japanese rule since the late 19th century; hence, the Chinese claim to the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands is simply an extension of the Chinese claim to Taiwan. Meanwhile, regarding the latter, Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few islands of the South China Sea, and the Pan-Blue Coalition further claims sovereignty over all of the other islands of the South China Sea. Finally, another crucial detail of the territorial dispute over Taiwan is the fact that Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few other non-Taiwanese islands assigned to China; the islands of Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu, which are under Taiwan/ROC control, are geographically defined as being parts of Fujian Province, China (within Taiwan/ROC, they are governed as parts of the Pan-Blue Coalition's own definition of Fujian Province, China). Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (KMT). The former coalition aims to eventually achieve full sovereign independence for Taiwan. Whereas, the latter coalition aims to improve relations with the Beijing government (PRC) — which it refers to as ""mainland China"" — and eventually ""reunify"" at some point. Both parties have long been forced to precariously dance around the so-called ""status quo"" of Taiwan's political status. The DPP is unable to immediately declare independence due to pressure from the PRC and the KMT, whereas the KMT and PRC are unable to immediately achieve Chinese unification due to pressure from the DPP and its unofficial allies (including political factions within the United States (US), Japan, and the European Union (EU)). The 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki and 1951 Treaty of San Francisco are often cited as the main bases for Taiwan independence in international law, if such things as ""self-determination"" and the Montevideo Convention (on the Rights and Duties of States) are to be disregarded. These two treaties are not recognized by the Beijing government and the Pan-Blue Coalition of Taiwan. Whereas the PRC usually dismisses self-determination and the Montevideo Convention as conspiracies against Chinese sovereignty, the two aforementioned treaties have strong legal bases in international law and have been recognized by numerous countries across the globe. Notably, the Treaty of San Francisco forms the primary basis of modern Japan's independence (from the WWII Allies), and largely dictates Japan's modern geopolitics. The premise of citing these two treaties is that: a) Japan gained sovereignty over Taiwan in 1895, b) Japan lost sovereignty over Taiwan in 1951–1952, and c) Japan never indicated the ""successor state"" on Taiwan thereafter. Therefore, according to certain activists, this means that Taiwan is only controlled by the Republic of China on behalf of the WWII Allies, and does not constitute a part of the ROC's sovereign territory. The Beijing government disregards these two treaties, claiming that: a) the Treaty of Shimonoseki has been nullified and b) the Treaty of San Francisco was illegal. Furthermore, the Potsdam Declaration and Cairo Communique are often cited as indisputable bases for Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan. The PRC is also adamant on emphasizing the fact that the United Nations (UN) refers to Taiwan as ""Taiwan, Province of China"". However, this point is dubious given that it has a huge amount of influence over the UN as one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. However, most countries do not recognize Taiwan, and only 13 have diplomatic relations with it. People's Republic of China authorities also accuse the US, Japan, and the EU of interfering in ""Chinese internal affairs"", claiming that the United States is responsible for separating Taiwan from China, and is responsible for manufacturing ""artificial"" pro-independence sentiments within Taiwan. Most governments, including the U.S. government, claim to adhere to a so-called ""One-China Policy"", which is based on the Chinese ""One-China Principle"". Most ""developed"" and ""Western"" countries consider Taiwan to be a self-governing state in reality. However, since recognizing the existence of an ""independent Taiwan/ROC"" provides some form of grounds for officially recognising Taiwan independence, China (PRC) usually rejects the main premise of the Montevideo Convention, which is that ""there are certain realities that determine statehood"" (irrespective of international recognition). Within the Pan-Green Coalition of Taiwan, there are two main factions. The faction that is currently in power aims to attain official international recognition for the reality of ""Two Chinas"", where the PRC and the ROC can coexist; later, the ROC can gradually ""transform"" itself into a Taiwanese state whilst avoiding a major conflict with the PRC. Whereas, the other faction aims to directly achieve Taiwan independence through a more abrupt and complete overthrowal of ROC institutions within Taiwan, which the faction views to be illegitimate. The use of ""independence"" for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Taiwanese state, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China from Resolution on Taiwan's Future and that ROC-Taiwan is already independent (as reflected in the evolving concept from Four Noes and One Without to One Country on Each Side); both of these ideas run counter to the claims of China (PRC). When the government of the Republic of China (under the Kuomintang) was forced to retreat to Formosa and the Pescadores (Taiwan and Penghu) in 1949, several Chinese (i.e. not Japanese) islands still remained under Kuomintang control. Because the Chinese Communist Party never gained control of the Kinmen, Wuqiu, and Matsu Islands, they are now governed by the Republic of China on Taiwan as Kinmen County (Kinmen and Wuqiu) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) within a streamlined Fujian Province. The islands are often referred to collectively as Quemoy and Matsu or as ""Golden Horse"". Historically, Kinmen County (""Quemoy"") and Lienchiang County (""Matsu"") served as important defensive strongholds for the Kuomintang during the 1950–1970s, symbolizing the frontline of Kuomintang resistance against the Communist rebellion. They represented the last Kuomintang presence in ""mainland China"". The islands received immense coverage from Western (especially United States) media during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954–1955 and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1958. They were very significant in the context of the Cold War, a period from 1946 until 1991 of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and its allies). Ever since the transition into multi-party politics (i.e. ""Democratization"") during the 1990s, Kinmen and Lienchiang counties have now essentially developed into two electorates that can be contested through democratic elections. Currently the two electorates are ""strongholds"" for the Kuomintang due mainly to popular opinion within the electorates, rather than brute control (as in the past). The two electorates have recently developed close relations with the mainland, which lies only around 2–9 km west from the islands, whereas Taiwan lies around 166–189 km east from the islands. Quemoy and Matsu are unique and important for several reasons. Reportedly, the local government of Kinmen County supports stronger business and cultural ties with mainland China, similarly to the Kuomintang, and views itself as an important proxy (representative) or nexus (focal point) for improving Cross-Strait relations (that is, in the favour of Chinese unification). In January 2001, direct travel between Kinmen County (and Lienchiang County) and mainland China re-opened under the ""mini Three Links"". As of 2015, Kinmen has plans to become a ""special economic zone"" in which free trade and free investment would be allowed between it and the neighbouring mainland SEZ of Xiamen. This might be accomplished in part by building a huge bridge connecting Kinmen to Xiamen, via the island of Lesser Kinmen (Lieyu); already, a bridge is being constructed between Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen. Additionally, Kinmen has plans to become a ""university island"". In 2010, ""National Kinmen Institute of Technology"" was upgraded to ""National Quemoy University"". Kinmen County plans to establish several branches of mainland Chinese universities in Kinmen, and has bargained with the central Taiwanese (ROC) government so that universities in Kinmen don't have to be bounded by the same quotas as other Taiwanese universities in terms of admitting mainland Chinese students. In 2018, the local government of Kinmen County unveiled a new undersea pipeline linking Kinmen to mainland China, through which drinking-water can be imported. This business deal caused controversy in Taiwan and resulted in a ""stand-off"" between Kinmen County and the Mainland Affairs Council of Taiwan (ROC). Within Taiwan, one camp believes that Kinmen County (Quemoy) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) should be abandoned from a potential independent and sovereign Taiwanese state. This view aligns with the aforementioned treaties and acts that do not define Kinmen and Matsu as being part of Taiwan. This same camp also believes that the PRC has only ""allowed"" the ROC to continue controlling Kinmen and Matsu in order to ""tether"" Taiwan to mainland China. The fact that the PRC propagandizes Kinmen and Matsu is evidence that this is true to at least a certain degree. In a hypothetical scenario where Kinmen and Matsu are abandoned by the Taiwanese state, they would likely be ""ceded"" to the People's Republic of China via a peace treaty, officially ending the Chinese Civil War. Also within Taiwan, a second camp believes that Quemoy and Matsu belong to Taiwan. This camp believes that the ROC and Taiwan have become one and the same. By this logic, Taiwan effectively owns all of the same territories that the ROC is said to own. Among these territories is Quemoy and Matsu. If a potential Taiwanese state were to be created, this camp believes that the new country will actually be the successor state to the ROC, rather than an entirely new country. Therefore, if Taiwan independence were to be successfully achieved, then the islands of Quemoy and Matsu would hypothetically cease to be administered as ""Fujian Province"", and would instead simply be classified as ""satellite islands of Taiwan"" (much in the same way as Penghu). Despite the differing views of these two camps, there is a general understanding throughout Taiwan that Quemoy and Matsu are not part of the historical region of ""Taiwan"", due to having never been governed under the following regimes: Dutch Formosa, Spanish Formosa, Kingdom of Tungning, Republic of Formosa, and Japanese Formosa. Additionally, Quemoy and Matsu experienced a unique history for several years as military outposts of the ROC, further separating the islands from Taiwan in terms of culture. Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement. According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Qing rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, ""Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion"". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid. The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing ""General Order No. 1"" to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would ""temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."" The modern-day political movement for Taiwan independence dates back to the Japanese colonial period, but it only became a viable political force within Taiwan in the 1990s. Taiwanese independence was advocated periodically during the Japanese colonial period, but was suppressed by the Japanese government. These efforts were the goal of the Taiwanese Communist Party of the late 1920s. Unlike current formulations, and in line with the thinking of the Comintern, such a state would have been a proletarian one. With the end of World War II in 1945, Japanese rule ended, but the subsequent autocratic rule of the ROC's Kuomintang (KMT) later revived calls for local rule. However, it was a movement supported by the Chinese students who were born on the Island and not associated with KMT. It found its roots in the US and Japan. In the 1950s a Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government was set up in Japan. Thomas Liao was nominally the President. At one time it held quasi-official relations with the newly independent Indonesia. This was possible mainly through the connections between Sukarno and the Provisional Government's Southeast Asian liaison, Chen Chih-hsiung, who had assisted in Indonesia's local resistance movements against the Japanese rule. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. mainland Chinese-born people who fled to Taiwan with KMT in the late 1940s). The February 28 Incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law that lasted until 1987 contributed to the period of White Terror on the island. In 1979, the Kaohsiung Incident, occurred as the movement for democracy and independence intensified. Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the ROC government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and it used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to vacate the seats held by delegates elected on the mainland in 1947 for the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Taiwanese state. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school-taught Mandarin Chinese. Several scholars drafted various versions of a constitution, as both political statement or vision and as intellectual exercise. Most of these drafts favor a bicameral parliamentary rather than presidential system. In at least one such draft, seats in the upper house would be divided equally among Taiwan's established ethnicities. In the 1980s the Chinese Nationalist government considered publication of these ideas criminal. In the most dramatic case, it decided to arrest the pro-independence publisher Cheng Nan-jung for publishing a version in his Tang-wai magazine, Liberty Era Weekly (自由時代週刊). Rather than giving himself up, Cheng self-immolated in protest. Other campaigns and tactics toward such a State have included soliciting designs from the public for a new national flag and anthem (for example, Taiwan the Formosa). More recently the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign (台灣正名運動) has played an active role. More traditional independence supporters, however, have criticized name rectification as merely a superficial tactic devoid of the larger vision inherent in the independence agenda. Various overseas Taiwan Independence movements, such as the Formosan Association, World United Formosans for Independence, United Young Formosans for Independence (Japan), Union for Formosa's Independence in Europe, United Formosans in America for Independence, Committee for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto, Ont.), published ""The Independent Formosa"" in several volumes with the publisher ""Formosan Association."" In ""The Independent Formosa, Volumes 2-3"", they tried to justify Taiwanese collaboration with Japan during World War II by saying that the ""atmosphere covered the whole Japanese territories, including Korea and Formosa, and the Japanese mainlands as well"", when Taiwanese publications supported Japan's ""holy war"", and that the people who did it were not at fault. The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence. In 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo became director of the secret police, which he remained until 1965. Chiang also considered some people who were friends to Americans to be his enemies. An enemy of the Chiang family, Wu Kuo-chen, was kicked out of his position of governor of Taiwan by Chiang Ching-kuo and fled to America in 1953. Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and Kuomintang party activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute. Chiang orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American CIA against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The CIA allegedly wanted to help Sun take control of Taiwan and declare its independence. During the martial law era lasting until 1987, discussion of Taiwan independence was forbidden in Taiwan, at a time when recovery of the mainland and national unification were the stated goals of the ROC. During that time, many advocates of independence and other dissidents fled overseas, and carried out their advocacy work there, notably in Japan and the United States. Part of their work involved setting up think tanks, political organizations, and lobbying networks in order to influence the politics of their host countries, notably the United States, the ROC's main ally at the time, though they would not be very successful until much later. Within Taiwan, the independence movement was one of many dissident causes among the intensifying democracy movement of the 1970s, which culminated in the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was eventually formed to represent dissident causes. After the lifting of martial law in 1987, and the acceptance of multi-party politics, the Democratic Progressive Party became increasingly identified with Taiwan independence, which entered its party platform in 1991. At the same time, many overseas independence advocates and organizations returned to Taiwan and for the first time openly promoted their cause in Taiwan, gradually building up political support. Many had previously fled to the US or Europe and had been on a blacklist held by KMT, which had held them back from going back to Taiwan. Where they had fled, they built many organisations like European Federation of Taiwanese Associations or Formosan Association for Public Affairs. By the late 1990s, DPP and Taiwan independence have gained a solid electoral constituency in Taiwan, supported by an increasingly vocal and hardcore base. As the electoral success of the DPP, and later, the DPP-led Pan-Green Coalition grew in recent years, the Taiwan independence movement shifted focus to identity politics by proposing many plans involving symbolism and social engineering. The interpretation of historical events such as the February 28 Incident, the use of broadcast language and mother tongue education in schools, the official name and flag of the ROC, slogans in the army, orientation of maps all have been issues of concern to the present-day Taiwan independence movement. The movement, at its peak in the 70s through the 90s in the form of the Taiwan literature movement and other cultural upheavals, has moderated in recent years with the assimilation of these changes. Friction between ""mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan has decreased due to shared interests: increasing economic ties with mainland China, continuing threats by the PRC to invade, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Since the late 1990s many supporters of Taiwan independence have argued that Taiwan, as the ROC, is already independent from the mainland, making a formal declaration unnecessary. In May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party formalized this position in its ""Resolution on Taiwan's Future"". In 1995, Taiwanese president Lee Teng-hui was given permission to speak at Cornell University about his dream of Taiwanese independence, the first time a Taiwanese leader had been allowed to visit the United States. This led to a military response from China that included buying Russian submarines and conducting missile tests near Taiwan. In February 2007, President Chen Shui-bian initiated changes to names of state-owned enterprises, and the nation's embassies and overseas representative offices. As a result, Chunghwa Post Co. (中華郵政) was renamed Taiwan Post Co. (臺灣郵政) and Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) is now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan (臺灣中油) and the signs in Taiwan's embassies now display the word ""Taiwan"" in brackets after ""Republic of China"". In 2007, the Taiwan Post Co. issued stamps bearing the name ""Taiwan"" in remembrance of the February 28 Incident. However, the name of the post office was reverted to ""Chunghwa Post Co."" following the inauguration of Kuomintang president Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The Pan-Blue camp voiced its opposition to the changes and the former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou said that it would generate diplomatic troubles and cause cross-strait tensions. It also argued that without a change in the relevant legislation pertaining to state-owned enterprises, the name changes of these enterprises could not be valid. As the Pan-Blue camp held only a slim parliamentary majority throughout the administration of President Chen, the Government's motion to change the law to this effect were blocked by the opposition. Later, U.S. Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack said that the U.S. does not support administrative steps that would appear to change the status-quo by either Taipei or Beijing as threats to regional security. Former president Lee Teng-hui has stated that he never pursued Taiwanese independence. Lee views Taiwan as already an independent state, and that the call for ""Taiwanese independence"" could even confuse the international community by implying that Taiwan once viewed itself as part of China. From this perspective, Taiwan is independent even if it remains unable to enter the UN. Lee said the most important goals are to improve the people's livelihoods, build national consciousness, make a formal name change and draft a new constitution that reflects the present reality so that Taiwan can officially identify itself as a country. Legislative elections were held on 12 January 2008, resulting in a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature for the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition. President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party was handed a heavy defeat, winning only the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. Two months later, the election for the 12th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held on Saturday, 22 March 2008. KMT nominee Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party rule. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. On 1 August 2008, the Board of Directors of Taiwan Post Co. resolved to reverse the name change and restored the name ""Chunghwa Post"". The Board of Directors, as well as resolving to restore the name of the corporation, also resolved to re-hire the chief executive dismissed in 2007, and to withdraw defamation proceedings against him. On 2 September 2008, President Ma defined the relations between Taiwan and mainland China as ""special"", but ""not that between two states"" - they are relations based on two areas of one state, with Taiwan considering that state to be the Republic of China, and mainland China considering that state to be the People's Republic of China. Ma's approach with the mainland is conspicuously evasive of political negotiations that may lead to unification which is the mainland's ultimate goal. The National Unification Guidelines remain “frozen” and Ma precluded any discussion of unification during his term by his “three no's” (no unification, no independence, and no use of force). The Democratic Progressive Party, led by Tsai Ing-wen, won a landslide victory over the Kuomintang on 20 May 2016. Her administration has stated she seeks to maintain the current political status of Taiwan. The PRC government continues to criticize the ROC government, as the DPP administration has refused to officially recognize the 1992 Consensus and the One-China policy. On 13 March 2018, 19-year-old Chan Tong-Kai confessed to murdering his 20-year-old girlfriend Poon Hiu-wing in Taiwan when the Hong Kong police arrested him after he used Poon's ATM card to withdraw cash in both Taiwan and Hong Kong. Because the murder took place in Taiwan, the authorities in Hong Kong had no jurisdiction to charge Chan with murder, but sentenced him for money laundering instead. Because Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, the region cannot make agreements such as a mutual legal assistance treaty with Taiwan, thus making the transfer of Chan to Taiwan extremely difficult. In February 2019, the Hong Kong government proposed an amendment to the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ordinance to allow the transfer of fugitives between Hong Kong and any place outside Hong Kong. Researcher Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh argued that the establishment of the amendment would “subject Hong Kong residents and visitors to the jurisdiction and legal system of mainland China, thereby undermining the region's autonomy and Hong Kong people's civil liberties.” As a result, on 15 March 2019, the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement began in Hong Kong. In response to the Hong Kong protest, the Chinese government urged strengthening control over Hong Kong in order to bring “stability and prosperity” back to the Special Administrative Region (SAR), which on 30 June 2020, the Chinese government passed the Hong Kong National Security Law to give mainland officials the authority to operate within Hong Kong to punish people whom committed the crimes of secession, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with foreign forces. Simultaneously, using Hong Kong as example, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping, also warned Taiwan that unification was inevitable. The biggest threat to Hongkongers posed by the Hong Kong national security law was the level of control that the Chinese government has over Hong Kong. Just one day after the establishment of the law, about 370 protestors were arrested, including 10 under the new law. Hatred towards the government of Beijing or Hong Kong was also defined as a serious crime, that people could be punished to the maximum of life imprisonment. American journalist John Pomfret viewed this legislation as “a blueprint for dealing with Taiwan,” and argued that similar legislation may also be imposed in Taiwan if unified. According to the survey organized by APF Canada and RIWI in August 2020, it showed that there was a positive correlation between concerns for Taiwan's national security and agreement that the PRC has violated the “one country, two systems” principle. Overall, about 66 percent of the people express certain level of concern (from slight to extreme), and only 34 percent showed “not at all concerned.” Within that, majority of those who showed concerns either identified themselves as Taiwanese or a supporter of the DPP. One significant impact in Taiwan was the increasing support to Tsai Ing-wen, the seventh president of Taiwan and a member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Bonnie Glaser, an analyst of Chinese politics, believes that the circumstances in Hong Kong ""resonated with Taiwan voters."" President Tsai was aware of this concern, so about 3 months after the protest began in Hong Kong, President Tsai announced her position and view about the protests on her Twitter account: We stand with all freedom-loving people of #HongKong. In their faces, we see the longing for freedom, & are reminded that #Taiwan's hard-earned democracy must be guarded & renewed by every generation. As long as I'm President, “one country, two systems” will never be an option. In January 2020, Tsai was re-elected to be the president of Taiwan. Domestically, the issue of independence has dominated Taiwanese politics for the past few decades. This is also a grave issue for mainland China. The creation of a Taiwanese state is formally the goal of the Taiwan Solidarity Union and former President Lee Teng-hui. Although the Democratic Progressive Party was originally also an advocate for both the idea of a Taiwanese state and Taiwan independence, they now take a middle line in which a sovereign, independent Taiwan is identified with the ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" and its symbols. This movement also has international significance, because the PRC has stated, or implied, that it will force unification by taking military action against Taiwan under one of these five conditions: (1) Taiwan makes a formal declaration of independence, (2) Taiwan forges a military alliance with any foreign power, (3) internal turmoil arises in Taiwan, (4) Taiwan gains weapons of mass destruction, or (5) Taiwan shows no will to negotiate on the basis of ""one China"". The PRC government warned that if the situation in Taiwan were to become ""worse"", it will not look on ""indifferently"". Such a military action would pose the threat of a superpower conflict in East Asia. Under the terms of Taiwan Relations Act, United States shall provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character. However, Taiwan Relations Act does not oblige US to provide military intervention. While so, military intervention could still be sought should a formal declaration of war be made by the President of the United States in an act of Congress signed by the President. The questions of independence and the island's relationship to mainland China are complex and inspire very strong emotions among Taiwanese people. There are some who continue to maintain the KMT's position, which states that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (of which they consider Taiwan to be a part), and that the aim of the government should be eventual unification of the mainland and Taiwan under the rule of the ROC. Some argue that Taiwan has been, and should continue to be, completely independent from China and should become a Taiwanese state with a distinct name. Then, there are numerous positions running the entire spectrum between these two extremes, as well as differing opinions on how best to manage either situation should it ever be realized. On 25 October 2004, in Beijing, the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said Taiwan is “not sovereign,” provoking strong comments from both the Pan-Green and Pan-Blue coalitions – but for very different reasons. From the DPP's side, President Chen declared that ""Taiwan is definitely a sovereign, independent country, a great country that absolutely does not belong to the People's Republic of China"". The TSU (Taiwan Solidarity Union) criticized Powell, and questioned why the US sold weapons to Taiwan if it were not a sovereign state. From the KMT, then Chairman Ma Ying-jeou announced, “the Republic of China has been a sovereign state ever since it was formed .” The pro-unification PFP Party Chairman, James Soong, called it “Taiwan's biggest failure in diplomacy.” The first view considers the move for Taiwan independence as a nationalist movement. Historically, this was view of such pro-independence groups as the Tangwai movement (which later grew into the Democratic Progressive Party) who argued that the ROC under the Kuomintang had been a ""foreign regime"" forcibly imposed on Taiwan. Since the 1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence no longer actively make this argument. Instead, the argument has been that, in order to survive the growing power of the PRC, Taiwan must view itself as a separate and distinct entity from “China.” Such a change in view involves: (1) removing the name of “China” from official and unofficial items in Taiwan, (2) changes in history books, which now portrays Taiwan as a central entity, (3) promoting the use of Hokkien Language in the government and in the education system, (4) reducing economic links with mainland China, and (5) promoting the general thinking that Taiwan is a separate entity. The goal of this movement is the eventual creation of a country where China is a foreign entity, and Taiwan is an internationally recognized country separate from any concept of “China."" The proposed ""state of Taiwan"" will exclude areas such as Quemoy and Matsu off the coast of Fujian, and some of the islands in the South China Sea, which historically were not part of Taiwan. Some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that the Treaty of San Francisco justifies Taiwan independence by not explicitly granting Taiwan to either the ROC or the PRC, even though neither the PRC nor the ROC government accepts such legal justification. It is also thought that if formal independence were declared, Taiwan's foreign policies would lean further towards Japan and the United States, and the desirable option of United Nations Trusteeship Council is also considered. The Taiwan Independence Party won a single seat in the Legislative Yuan in the 1998 legislative election. The Taiwan Solidarity Union was formed in 2001, and is also supportive of independence. Though it gained more legislative support than TAIP in elections, the TSU's legislative representation has dropped over time. In 2018, political parties and organizations demanding a referendum on Taiwan's independence formed an alliance to further their objective. The Formosa Alliance was established on 7 April 2018, prompted by a sense of crisis in the face of growing pressure from China for unification. The alliance wanted to hold a referendum on Taiwan's independence in April 2019, and change the island's name from the “Republic of China” to “Taiwan,” and apply for membership in the United Nations. In August 2019, another party supportive of independence, the Taiwan Action Party Alliance was founded. A second view is that Taiwan is already an independent nation with the official name “Republic of China,” which has been independent (i.e. de facto separate from mainland China/de jure separate from PRC) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, when the ROC lost control of mainland China, with only Taiwan (including the Penghu islands), Kinmen (Quemoy), the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian Province, and some of the islands in the South China Sea remaining under its administration. Although previously no major political faction adopted this pro-status quo viewpoint, because it is a ""compromise"" in face of PRC threats and American warnings against a unilateral declaration of independence, the DPP combined it with their traditional belief to form their latest official policy. This viewpoint has not been adopted by more radical groups such as the Taiwan Solidarity Union, which favor only the third view described above and are in favor of a Republic or State of Taiwan. In addition, many members of the Pan-Blue Coalition are rather suspicious of this view, fearing that adopting this definition of Taiwan independence is merely an insincere stealth tactical effort to advance desinicization and the third view of Taiwan independence. As a result, supporters of Pan-Blue tend to make a clear distinction between Taiwan independence and Taiwan sovereignty, while supporters of Pan-Green tend to try to blur the distinction between the two. Most Taiwanese and political parties of the ROC support the status quo, and recognize that this is de facto independence through sovereign self-rule. Even among those who believe Taiwan is and should remain independent, the threat of war from PRC softens their approach, and they tend to support maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing an ideological path that could result in war with the PRC. When President Lee Teng-hui put forth the two-states policy, he received 80% support. A similar situation arose when President Chen Shui-bian declared that there was ""one country on each side"" of the Taiwan Strait. To this day, the parties disagree, sometimes bitterly, on such things as territory, name (R.O.C. or Taiwan), future policies, and interpretations of history. The Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC believe that Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian are intent on publicly promoting a moderate form of Taiwan independence in order to advance secretly deeper forms of Taiwan independence, and that they intend to use popular support on Taiwan for political separation to advance notions of cultural and economic separation. The third view, put forward by the government of the PRC and Nationalists of the KMT, defines Taiwan independence as ""splitting Taiwan from China, causing division of the nation and the people. "" What PRC claims by this statement is somewhat ambiguous according to supporters of Taiwanese independence, as some statements by the PRC seem to identify China solely and uncompromisingly with the PRC. Others propose a broader and more flexible definition suggesting that both mainland China and Taiwan are parts that form one cultural and geographic entity, although divided politically as a vestige of the Chinese Civil War. The PRC considers itself the sole legitimate government of all China, and the ROC to be a defunct entity replaced in the Communist revolution that succeeded in 1949. Therefore, assertions that the ROC is a sovereign state are construed as support for Taiwan independence, so are proposals to change the name of the ROC. Such a name change is met with even more disapproval since it rejects Taiwan as part of the greater China entity (as one side of a still-unresolved Chinese civil war). The ROC used to be recognized by the UN as the sole legal government of China until 1971. In that year, the UN Resolution 2758 was passed, and the PRC became recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. During PRC President Hu Jintao's visit to the United States on 20 April 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush reaffirmed to the world that the U.S. would uphold its One-China policy. Chinese nationalists have called the Taiwan independence movement and its supporters to be hanjian (traitors). In an opinion poll conducted in Taiwan by the Mainland Affairs Council in 2019, 27.7% of respondents supported Taiwan's independence: 21.7% said that the status quo has to be maintained for now but Taiwan should become independent in the future, while 6% said that independence must be declared as soon as possible. 31% of respondents supported the current situation as it is, and 10.3% agreed to unification with the mainland with 1.4% saying that it should happen as soon as possible. In a Taiwanese Public Opinion Foundation poll conducted in June 2020, 54% of respondents supported de jure independence for Taiwan, 23.4% preferred maintaining the status quo, 12.5% favored unification with China, and 10% did not hold any particular view on the matter. This represented the highest level of support for Taiwanese independence since the survey was first conducted in 1991. Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China",1
Dom Hetrakul,"Dom Hetrakul  2022-02-28T23:31:49Z  Dom Hetrakul (Thai: ดอม เหตระกูล; RTGS: Dom Hetrakun; June 18, 1974 in Bangkok, Thailand), is a well-known actor. He has acted in many Thai TV shows and films. He is also in Hollywood productions with a frequent presence in martial arts sagas. Dom Hetrakul is a member of the family that has run the Daily News, Thai newspaper, for nearly 50 years. He has managed director of Britbike, the authorised distributor of Triumph motorcycles from the United Kingdom. ,  Dom Hetrakul  2023-11-25T09:32:24Z  Dom Hetrakul (Thai: ดอม เหตระกูล; RTGS: Dom Hetrakun; April 9, 1976 in Bangkok, Thailand), is a well-known actor. He has acted in many Thai TV shows and films. He is also in Hollywood productions with a frequent presence in martial arts sagas. Dom Hetrakul is a member of the family that has run the Daily News, Thai newspaper, for nearly 50 years. He has managed director of Britbike, the authorised distributor of Triumph motorcycles from the United Kingdom.",1
CHEK1,"CHEK1  2014-04-19T21:33:21Z   Template:PBB Checkpoint kinase 1, commonly referred to as Chk1 is an Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that in humans, is encoded by the CHEK1 gene. . Chk1 coordinates the DNA damage response DDR and cell cycle checkpoint response. Activation of Chk1 results in the initiation of cell cycle checkpoints, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cell death to prevent damaged cells from progressing through the cell cycle. Template:PBB Summary Template:PBB Further reading Template:PBB Controls This article on a gene on human chromosome 11 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  CHEK1  2015-08-02T09:07:29Z   Template:PBB Checkpoint kinase 1, commonly referred to as Chk1 is an Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that in humans, is encoded by the CHEK1 gene. Chk1 coordinates the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle checkpoint response. Activation of Chk1 results in the initiation of cell cycle checkpoints, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cell death to prevent damaged cells from progressing through the cell cycle. In 1993, Beach and associates initially identified Chk1 as a serine/threonine kinase which regulates the G2/M phase transition in fission yeast. Constitutive expression of Chk1 in fission yeast was shown to induce cell cycle arrest. The same gene called Rad27 was identified in budding yeast by Carr and associates. In 1997, homologs were identified in more complex organisms including the fruit fly, human and mouse. Through these findings, it is apparent Chk1 is highly conserved from yeast to humans. Human Chk1 is located on chromosome 11 on the cytogenic band 11q22-23. Chk1 has a N-terminal kinase domain, a linker region, a regulatory SQ/TQ domain and a C-terminal domain. Chk1 contains four Ser/Gln residues. Chk 1 activation occurs primarily through the phosphorylation of the conserved sites, Ser-317, Ser-345 and less often at Ser-366. Checkpoint kinases (Chks) are protein kinases that are involved in cell cycle control. Two checkpoint kinase subtypes have been identified, Chk1 and Chk2. Chk1 is a central component of genome surveillance pathways and is a key regulator of the cell cycle and cell survival. Chk1 is required for the initiation of DNA damage checkpoints and has recently been shown to play a role in the normal (unperturbed) cell cycle. Chk1 impacts various stages of the cell cycle including the S phase, G2/M transition and M phase. In addition to mediating cell cycle checkpoints, Chk1 also contributes to DNA repair processes, gene transcription, embryo development, cellular responses to HIV infection and somatic cell viability. Chk1 is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Chk1 monitors DNA replication in unperturbed cell cycles and responds to genotoxic stress if present. Chk1 recognizes DNA strand instability during replication and can stall DNA replication in order to allow time for DNA repair mechanisms to restore the genome. Recently, Chk1 has shown to mediate DNA repair mechanisms and does so by activating various repair factors. Furthermore, Chk1 has been associated with three particular aspects of the S-phase, which includes the regulation of late origin firing, controlling the elongation process and maintenance of DNA replication fork stability. In response to DNA damage, Chk1 is an important signal transducer for G2/M checkpoint activation. Activation of Chk1 holds the cell in the G2 phase until ready to enter the mitotic phase. This delay allows time for DNA to repair or cell death to occur if DNA damage is irreversible. Chk1 must inactivate in order for the cell to transition from the G2 phase into mitosis, Chk1 expression levels are mediated by regulatory proteins. Chk1 has a regulatory role in the spindle checkpoint however the relationship is less clear as compared to checkpoints in other cell cycle stages. During this phase the Chk1 activating element of ssDNA can not be generated suggesting an alternate form of activation. Studies on Chk1 deficient chicken lymphoma cells have shown increased levels of genomic instability and failure to arrest during the spindle checkpoint phase in mitosis. Furthermore, haploinsufficient mammary epithelial cells illustrated misaligned chromosomes and abnormal segregation. These studies suggest Chk1 depletion can lead to defects in the spindle checkpoint resulting in mitotic abnormalities. DNA damage induces the activation of Chk1 which facilitates the initiation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle checkpoints. The DNA damage response is a network of signaling pathways that leads to activation of checkpoints, DNA repair and apoptosis to inhibit damaged cells from progressing through the cell cycle. Chk1 is regulated by ATR through phosphorylation, forming the ATR-Chk1 pathway. This pathway recognizes single strand DNA (ssDNA) which can be a result of UV-induced damage, replication stress and inter-strand cross linking. Often ssDNA can be a result of abnormal replication during S phase through the uncoupling of replication enzymes helicase and DNA polymerase. These ssDNA structures attract ATR and eventually activates the checkpoint pathway. However, activation of Chk1 is not solely dependent on ATR, intermediate proteins involved in DNA replication are often necessary. Regulatory proteins such as replication protein A, Claspin, Tim/Tipin, Rad 17, TopBP1 may be involved to facilitate Chk1 activation. Additional protein interactions are involved to induce maximal phosphorylation of Chk1. Chk1 activation can also be ATR-independent through interactions with other protein kinases such as PKB/AKT, MAPKAPK and p90/RSK. Chk1 interacts with many downstream effectors to induce cell cycle arrest. In response to DNA damage, Chk1 primarily phosphorylates Cdc25 which results in its proteasomal degradation. The degradation has an inhibitory effect on the formation of cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, which are key drivers of the cell cycle. Through targeting Cdc25, cell cycle arrest can occur at multiple time points including the G1/S transition, S phase and G2/M transition. Furthermore, Chk1 can target Cdc25 indirectly through phosphorylating Nek11. WEE1 kinase and PLK1 are also targeted by Chk1 to induce cell cycle arrest. Phosphorylation of WEE1 kinase inhibits cdk1 which results in cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase. Chk1 has a role in the spindle checkpoint during mitosis thus interacts with spindle assembly proteins Aurora A kinase and Aurora B kinase. Recently, Chk1 has shown to mediate DNA repair mechanisms and does so by activating repair factors such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), FANCE, Rad51 and TLK. Chk1 facilitates replication fork stabilization during DNA replication and repair however more research is necessary to define the underlying interactions. Chk1 has a central role in coordinating the DNA damage response and therefore is an area of great interest in oncology and the development of cancer therapeutics. Initially Chk1 was thought to function as a tumor suppressor due to the regulatory role it serves amongst cells with DNA damage. However, there has been no evidence of homozygous loss of function mutants for Chk1 in human tumors. Instead, Chk1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a numerous tumors including breast, colon, liver, gastric and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. There is a positive correlation with Chk1 expression and tumor grade and disease recurrence suggesting Chk1 may promote tumor growth. Chk1 is essential for cell survival and through high levels of expressions in tumors the function may be inducing tumor cell proliferation. Studies have shown complete loss of Chk1 suppresses chemically induce carcinogenesis however Chk1 haploinsufficiency results in tumor progression. Due to the possibility of Chk1 involvement in tumor promotion, the kinase and related signaling molecules may be potentially effective therapeutic targets. Cancer therapies utilize DNA damaging therapies such as chemotherapies and ionizing radiation to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest. Tumor cells with increased levels of Chk1 acquire survival advantages due to the ability to tolerate a higher level of DNA damage. Therefore Chk1 may contribute to chemotherapy resistance. In order to optimize chemotherapies, Chk1 must be inhibited to reduce the survival advantage. By inhibiting Chk1, cancer cells lose the ability to repair damaged DNA which allows chemotherapeutic agents to work more effectively. Combining DNA damaging therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation treatment with Chk1 inhibition enhances targeted cell death and provides synthetic lethality. Many cancers rely on Chk1 mediated cell cycle arrest heavily especially if cancers are deficient in p53. Approximately 50% of cancers possess p53 mutations illustrating the dependence that many cancers may have on the Chk1 pathway. Inhibition of Chk1 allows selective targeting of p53 mutant cells as Chk1 levels are more likely to highly expressed in tumor cells with p53 deficiencies. Even though this method of inhibition is highly targeted, recent research has shown Chk1 also has a role in the normal cell cycle. Therefore off-target effects and toxicity associated with combination therapies using CHk1 inhibitors must be considered during development of novel therapies. During meiosis in human and mouse, CHEK1 protein kinase is important for integrating DNA damage repair with cell cycle arrest. CHEK1 is expressed in the testes and associates with meiotic synaptonemal complexes during the zygonema and pachynema stages. CHEK1 likely acts as an integrator for ATM and ATR signals and may be involved in monitoring meiotic recombination. In mouse oocytes CHEK1 appears to be indispensable for prophase I arrest and to function at the G2/M checkpoint.",0
Gunnison_Valley_Hospital,"Gunnison_Valley_Hospital  2009-03-02T00:46:19Z   Gunnison Valley Hospital, located in Gunnison, Utah is a rural facility with 20 Beds (10 Private and 10 Double Rooms), 3 Labor/Delivery Rooms, state of the art Operating and Recovery Rooms, Radiology Unit, Labs, Home Health and Hospice and a Cancer Treatment Center. This article about a building or structure in Utah is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Gunnison_Valley_Hospital  2010-09-28T21:49:41Z   39°09′22″N 111°48′59″W / 39. 15611°N 111. 81639°W / 39. 15611; -111. 81639 Gunnison Valley Hospital, located in Gunnison, Colorado is a rural facility with 20 Beds (10 Private and 10 Double Rooms), 3 Labor/Delivery Rooms, state of the art Operating and Recovery Rooms, Radiology Unit, Labs, Home Health and Hospice and a Cancer Treatment Center. This article about a building or structure in Utah is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Oh Jung-se,"Oh Jung-se  2016-02-13T18:09:48Z  name  Korean text Oh Jung-se (born February 26, 1977) is a South Korean actor. Oh began his career in theater, and has since appeared in many onscreen supporting roles over the years, notably in Petty Romance (2010), Couples (2011), As One (2012), A Millionaire On the Run (2012), and Running Man (2013). But his performance in the 2013 romantic comedy How to Use Guys with Secret Tips earned him special attention from critics and viewers. This led to Oh being cast in his first leading role in the 2013 film The Hero. ,  Oh Jung-se  2017-12-08T07:07:54Z  name Oh Jung-se (born February 26, 1977) is a South Korean actor. Oh began his career in theater, and has since appeared in many onscreen supporting roles over the years, notably in Petty Romance (2010), Couples (2011), As One (2012), A Millionaire On the Run (2012), and Running Man (2013). But his performance in the 2013 romantic comedy How to Use Guys with Secret Tips earned him special attention from critics and viewers. This led to Oh being cast in his first leading role in the 2013 film The Hero.",1
"Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_II,_DQ_alpha_1","Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_II,_DQ_alpha_1  2008-08-21T01:44:39Z   Template:PBB Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, also known as HLA-DQA1, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene. The protein encoded by this gene is one of two proteins that are required to form the DQ heterodimer, a cell surface receptor essential to the function of the immune system. HLA-DQA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular protein domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation. There are 4 commonly encountered DQA1 alleles: DQA1*0101, *0102, *0103, *0104. These alleles are always found in haplotypes with HLA-DQB1*05 (DQ5) and HLA-DQB1*06 (DQ6). DQ1 is a serotype, rare among serotypes for human class II antigens, in that the antibodies to DQ1 react to the alpha chain of HLA DQ, these DQA1 allele gene products. The other DQA1 alleles have no defined serotype. There are 5 groups, DQA1*02, *03, *04, *05, *06. DQA1 within these groups are either invariant or produce the same α-chain subunit. DQA1*02 and DQA1*06 contain only one allele. DQA1*03 has three alleles which each produce nearly identical α3. For DQA1*05, the DQA1*0501 and DQA1*0505 produce identical α5. Other DQA1*05 exist that produce variant α5var, but these are rare. Template:PBB Further reading This article on a gene on human chromosome 6 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Template:PBB Controls,  Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_II,_DQ_alpha_1  2009-07-29T07:56:14Z   Template:PBB Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, also known as HLA-DQA1, is a human gene present on short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21. 3) and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene. The protein encoded by this gene is one of two proteins that are required to form the DQ heterodimer, a cell surface receptor essential to the function of the immune system. HLA-DQA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular protein domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation. There are 4 commonly encountered DQA1 alleles: DQA1*0101, *0102, *0103, *0104. These alleles are always found in haplotypes with HLA-DQB1*05 (DQ5) and HLA-DQB1*06 (DQ6). DQ1 is a serotype, rare among serotypes for human class II antigens, in that the antibodies to DQ1 react to the alpha chain of HLA DQ, these DQA1 allele gene products. The other DQA1 alleles have no defined serotype. There are 5 groups, DQA1*02, *03, *04, *05, *06. DQA1 within these groups are either invariant or produce the same α-chain subunit. DQA1*02 and DQA1*06 contain only one allele. DQA1*03 has three alleles which each produce nearly identical α3. For DQA1*05, the DQA1*0501 and DQA1*0505 produce identical α5. Other DQA1*05 exist that produce variant α5var, but these are rare. Template:PBB Further reading This article on a gene on human chromosome 6 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Template:PBB Controls",0
Great_Maui_crake,"Great_Maui_crake  2008-11-27T12:11:19Z   The Great Maui Rail or Great Maui Crake (Porzana severnsi) is an extinct bird species from Maui, one of two flightless rails which have survived on Maui until people arrived in 150 C. E. It was the larger of two species of Rail found on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Several specimens of this bird were found in early settlements. It was 1 feet 3 inches tall. Its beak was 0. 75 inch long; its neck was 8. 5 inches long. It was probably brown and grey and black like its recently extinct relatives the Hawaiian Rail and Laysan Rail. It was flightless due to its small wings that were on average less than 4 inches long. It probably feed on the fruits, leaves, and flowers of trees that fell onto the ground, preferably O'hia, Mamane, and Lobelias. It cause of extiction is not very well known but it was likely hunted for meat, and its bones and feathers were used in old style art. It may have also have been attacked by Polynesian Rats that were brought by the natives by accident. ,  Great_Maui_crake  2010-07-11T03:04:31Z   The Great Maui Rail or Great Maui Crake (Porzana severnsi) is an extinct bird species from Maui, one of two flightless rails which have survived on Maui until people arrived in 150 C. E. It was the larger of two species of Rail found on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Several specimens of this bird were found in early settlements. It was 1 foot 3 inches (38 centimetres) tall. Its beak was 0. 75 inches (2 centimetres) inch long; its neck was 8. 5 inches (22 centimetres) inches long. It was probably brown and grey and black like its recently extinct relatives the Hawaiian Rail and Laysan Rail. It was flightless due to its small wings that were on average less than 4 inches long. It probably feed on the fruits, leaves, and flowers of trees that fell onto the ground, preferably that of ‘ōhi‘a lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), Mamane (Sophora chrysophylla), and Lobelia spp. It cause of extinction is not very well known but it was likely hunted for meat, and its bones and feathers were used in old style art. It may have also have been attacked by Polynesian Rats that were brought by the natives by accident.",0
"Čelopek,_Brvenica","Čelopek,_Brvenica  2019-03-04T17:28:44Z   Čelopek (Macedonian: Челопек, Albanian: Çellopek) is a village in the municipality of Brvenica, Republic of Macedonia. According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 5287 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include: ,  Čelopek,_Brvenica  2020-11-04T10:46:35Z   Čelopek (Macedonian: Челопек, Albanian: Çellopek) is a village in the municipality of Brvenica, North Macedonia. According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 5,287 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village included:",0
Dhalavaipuram,"Dhalavaipuram  2008-09-04T20:32:07Z   Dhalavaipuram is a town in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 105 km southwest of Madurai in the state of Tamil Nadu. The economy is based on the manufacture of Garmentss, cotton sarees, lungis and there are mills for spinning and weaving cotton. The climate of the region is semi-arid tropical monsoon type. Temperature range is 20°C to 37°C. It has a high mean temperature and a low degree of humidity. April, May and June are the hottest months of the year. The southwest monsoon which sets in June and lasts till August brings scanty rain. The bulk of the rainfall is received during the northeast monsoon in the months of October, November and December. Nadar community people settled from Southern remote areas of Tamilnadu formed uravinmurai committee and founded to schools to provide free education to boys and girls of Dhalavaipuram. Dhalapuram has some schools,, but most of the business man's children go to Rajapalayam for schooling some of the schools in Dhalavaipuram are as follows Most of the children who are going to Rajapalayam to school study in ""Chinmaya vidhyala"", which is a famous Matriculation Higher Secondary School. If the did not get place then they go to other schools like ""Anandha vidhyala"". For college they go to other cities. Girls in Dhalavaipuram are given equal rights go to college. Ayyanar Falls is located on the slope of Western Ghats, It has waterfalls and a temple. It provides good opportunity for woodland mountain climbing. Dam is situated on the way to Ayyanar Falls which is providing water for the whole city. Sanjeevi Hills is situated in Rajapalayam on the way to Chatrapatti. The calm and serene ambience makes it a favorite spot for tourists. Tradition recounts that in order to save the unconscious Lakshmana, Hanuman, the monkey god carried the entire Sanjeevi Hill with the herbal plants to Sri Lanka and threw it away afterwards. It is said that the thrown down hill is the Sanjeevi Hills. Sri Andal's Temple is located here. Andal was a great devotee of Lord Krishna. The tower at the entrance gate (Main Gopuram) is the second highest in Tamil Nadu. And the tower is the symbol of Tamilnadu Government. The forests are found on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. Only 6. 3% of the total geographical area is under forests. Many rare and endemic varieties of flora and fauna are found along the mountain slopes. A wildlife sanctuary, spread over 480 square kilometres was established in 1989 at Shenbagathopu in Srivilliputtur taluk. . This sanctuary is contiguous with the Periyar tiger reserve on the south-western side and the Megamalai reserve forest on the north-western side. The altitude varies from 100 to 2010 m above sea level. The sanctuary is home to the endangered, arboreal grizzled giant squirrel Ratufa macrora. This greyish brown squirrel weighs 1 to 1. 8 kg. and is the size of a small cat. It measures about 735 mm. from nose to tail with the tail being 360 to 400 mm. long. They construct drays at forked branches where the crowns of neighbouring trees meet. This enables the squirrel to move away from the site by jumping from tree to tree when threatened. The home range of an individual is between 1,970 and 6,110 square metres. M. RAJENDRAN Pioneer of Dhalavaipuram he fought with the government to get a name for dhalavaipuram and a post office separately == M. R. AS HE IS KNOWN IS A SAID AS REAL FOUNDING FATHER OF THIS VILLAGE SEE MR GROUPS == ]] R. Maria angel Michael. R Founder St Antony's Group of schools Educationalist and Head Master(Ret) He Started first English Medium at Dhalavaipuram in 1972. His visions and goals are carryout by his sons. ,  Dhalavaipuram  2010-01-10T06:35:59Z   Dhalavaipuram is a town in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 105 km southwest of Madurai in the state of Tamil Nadu. The economy is based on the manufacture of Garmentss, cotton sarees, lungis and there are mills for spinning and weaving cotton. The climate of the region is semi-arid tropical monsoon type. Temperature range is 20°C to 37°C. It has a high mean temperature and a low degree of humidity. April, May and June are the hottest months of the year. The southwest monsoon which sets in June and lasts till August brings scanty rain. The bulk of the rainfall is received during the northeast monsoon in the months of October, November and December. Nadar from Southern remote areas of Tamil Nadu formed Nadar Uravinmurai Committee and constructed schools for boys and girls to offer free education to children who cannot afford to meet their educational expenses. Dhalavaipuram is having some decent matriculation schools, but that is not enough for students who want more exposure and standard education, Such students travel all the way to Rajapalayam to meet their needs. The following are the schools in Dhalavaipuram Students travelling to Rajapalayam have 'Chinmaya Vidyalaya' as their first option If only they are not lucky enough to get themselves admitted there, they look for other schools like Ananda Vidyalaya, Rotary Vidyalaya, Angel's Matriculaion and so on. They satisfy their graduating ambition from colleges in Srivilliputhur, Sivakasi, Madurai, Coimbatore and so on. Girls in Dhalavaipuram are also getting graduated from VVV College, Virudhunagar and Some Women's college in Madurai. Girls opting for engineering find the best college irrespective of its location. Ayyanar Falls is located on the slope of Western Ghats, It has waterfalls and a temple. It provides good opportunity for woodland mountain climbing. Dam is situated on the way to Ayyanar Falls which is providing water for the whole city. Sanjeevi Hills is situated in Rajapalayam on the way to Chatrapatti. The calm and serene ambience makes it a favorite spot for tourists. Tradition recounts that in order to save the unconscious Lakshmana, Hanuman, the monkey god carried the entire Sanjeevi Hill with the herbal plants to Sri Lanka and threw it away afterwards. It is said that the thrown down hill is the Sanjeevi Hills. Srivilliputhur (Tamil: ஸ்ரீவில்லிபுத்தூர் / திருவில்லிபுத்தூர்) is a city and a municipality in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is on the Virudhunagar - Tenkasi line of the Southern Railway, about 74 km south of Madurai and well connected by road and rail with Madurai, Sivakasi, Tenkasi, Tirunelveli and Sattur. The primary landmark of Srivilliputtur is 12-tiered tower structure dedicated to the Lord of Srivilliputtur, known as Vatapatrasayee. The tower of this temple rises 192 feet high and is the official symbol of the Government of Tamilnadu. It is said to have been built by Periyaazhvar, the father-in-law of the Lord, with a purse of gold that he won in debates held in the palace of Pandya King Vallabhadeva. The Government of Tamil Nadu uses this temple tower as part of its symbol. Another wonder in Srivilliputtur is Chariot which runs on AdiPuram. Srivilliputhur is well known for its ancient heritage and devotinal contributions. Shenbaga Thoppu,a forest area about 8 km west from Srivilliputtur is a very good option for trekking. There is no proper bus service to reach here though. However the place can be reached by two-wheeler or even cycle. The forests are found on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. Only 6. 3% of the total geographical area is under forests. Many rare and endemic varieties of flora and fauna are found along the mountain slopes. A wildlife sanctuary, spread over 480 square kilometres was established in 1989 at Shenbagathopu in Srivilliputtur taluk. . This sanctuary is contiguous with the Periyar tiger reserve on the south-western side and the Megamalai reserve forest on the north-western side. The altitude varies from 100 to 2010 m above sea level. The sanctuary is home to the endangered, arboreal Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macrora). This greyish brown squirrel weighs 1 to 1. 8 kg. and is the size of a small cat. It measures about 735 mm. from nose to tail with the tail being 360 to 400 mm. long. They construct drays at forked branches where the crowns of neighbouring trees meet. This enables the squirrel to move away from the site by jumping from tree to tree when threatened. The home range of an individual is between 1,970 and 6,110 square metres. The sanctuary also hosts a variety of birds, mammals, reptiles and butterflies. Resident and migratory elephants are common. Other animals sighted are tiger, leopard, Nilgiri thar, spotted deer, barking deer, sambar, wild boar, porcupine, Nilgiri langur, lion-tailed macaque, common langur, slender loris, bonnet macaque, sloth bear and flying squirrel. Over 100 species of birds have been identified. The rare Great Indian horn bill is also found. Special steps have been taken to conserve the forest areas in the sanctuary. The annual leases given for the collection of fruit and other minor forest produce has been stopped. Fruit bearing trees and other trees have been planted. This will increase the food sources as well as ensure continuity in the canopy. Soil conservation and water harvesting measures have been undertaken to improve the habitat. There are some waterfalls on the way, you can take bath and enjoy. People from surrounding will gather here especially during the winter and rainy seasons. The river and water falls (Meenvetti Parai) are so famous. Many people visit this nice place everyday from Srivilliputtur, Rajapalayam and Sivakasi regularly. This place is shelter for many tribal communities.",0
Rich Fulcher,"Rich Fulcher  2007-01-07T18:35:20Z  Rich Fulcher (18 November 1968, Chicago, Illinois) is an American comedian who studied as a lawyer but after graduating had a sudden change of heart when he, in his own words, ""...Realised that... How do you say it? That it was boring as fuck."". Fulcher then took to improvised comedy at the Olympic Improv West in Chicago, where other greats like John Belushi, Bill Murray, John Candy and Joan Rivers started off. After abandoning his legal ambitions he took his stage show ""Mom I'm Not A Lawyer"" to numerous venues which received very positive critical acclaim, the angle which made it especially funny was that actually his mother at the time did not know he wasn't a lawyer. Fulcher has played many types of characters, but is perhaps best known for playing dull-witted, comic goons. He is probably most famous for his portrayal of Bob Fossil in the Mighty Boosh stage shows, then the radio series The Boosh, and the first Television series (he briefly returned as Fossil in the second series finale). He played many other memorable roles in the first and second series, including the Ape of Death (the Dark Lord of Monkey Hell). Noel Fielding and Julian Barratt came across Rich when touring in America and enjoyed his random absurd conversations so much that they wrote a part for him. Fulcher has a variety of running gags on The Mighty Boosh: he often plays very short characters, performing them on his knees, and when he plays various Cockney characters he can be heard muttering, ""I'm a cockney, I'm a cockney..."" His Boosh characters often die horribly, being grated, sanded or otherwise murdered, and as this happens Fulcher will sometimes say, ""A little to the left!"" So far, he is much better-known in the UK than in his native USA. In the USA, Fulcher was one of the ""undercover"" comedians who posed as various absurd talk show guests, in the 2004 Comedy Central series Crossballs. His other American claim to fame is that he is one of the body doubles that appears in Wayne's World 2 when they go to London. Fulcher has played a baker and not Jesus who was being born and completely absent from the classy rock opera in AD/BC: A Rock Opera (Christmas spoof of Nativity, set in 1972), It was here where he met up with Matt Berry again after numerous exchanges between their characters in the Mighty Boosh (Bob Fossil and Dixon Bainbridge). Fulcher and Boosh co-star Matt Berry starred in their own comedy show Snuff Box on BBC Three. Unfortunately, the show was not renewed for a second series. In addition to his acting and writing Fulcher is also a singer and dancer, and has employed these talents in various Boosh episodes and stage shows, on Snuff Box and as Dave Rivers on the comedy videocast Goodnight Burbank. . Rich Fulcher also starred in the sell out Mighty Boosh tour in 2006. He also did the voice over for a MBNA credit card advert. ,  Rich Fulcher  2008-12-24T05:09:54Z  Rich Fulcher (born 18 November 1962, in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.) is an American born comedy performer based in the United Kingdom. Fulcher studied as a lawyer (earning a degree in government from Dartmouth College) but after graduating pursued a career in comedy instead. He took to improvised comedy at the ImprovOlympic in Chicago, where he was one of the early members of the Upright Citizens Brigade. After abandoning his legal ambitions he took his stage show Mom I'm Not A Lawyer to numerous venues which received very positive critical acclaim: the angle which made it especially funny was that his parents did not know he gave up law. Fulcher has played many types of characters but is perhaps best known for playing dull-witted, comic goons. He is probably most famous for his portrayal of Bob Fossil in various The Mighty Boosh stage, radio and television shows, as well as playing many other characters, including the Ape of Death and Leister Corncrake. He is also the only writer to provide additional material for the TV series outside of the major writers Noel Fielding and Julian Barratt. Fielding and Barratt came across Rich when touring in America and enjoyed his random absurd conversations so much that they wrote a part for him. Fulcher has a variety of running gags on The Mighty Boosh: he often plays very short characters, performing them on his knees, and when he plays various cockney characters he can be heard muttering, ""I'm a cockney, I'm a cockney..."" His Boosh characters often die horribly, being grated, sanded or otherwise murdered, and as this happens Fulcher will sometimes say, ""A little to the left!"". Moreover, usually his characters have the running joke of saying ""Gather round"" (or some variant) and then having an inanimate object gather round too (e.g. the Naan Bread in the 'Legend of Old Gregg' episode). It was also in the Mighty Boosh that he met Matt Berry, who played Dixon Bainbridge. In the documentary, ""A Journey Through Time and Space"", he was said to be the only person who plays a ""watered down version of himself"" Rich Fulcher was a star and major writer for the BBC Three sketch show Snuff Box, along with Matt Berry, whom he met on the set of The Mighty Boosh. Berry plays the High Executioner to the King of England and Fulcher his assistant. He also plays other minor characters in the series. So far, he is much better-known in the UK than in his native USA. In the USA, Fulcher was one of the ""undercover"" comedians who posed as various absurd talk show guests, in the 2004 Comedy Central series Crossballs. His other American claim to fame is that he is one of the body doubles that appears in Wayne's World 2 when they go to London. In 1998 he starred in and wrote for the sketch show Unnatural Acts for the Paramount Comedy Channel alongside his future Mighty Boosh co-stars Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding and also Seán Cullen and Rich Easter. Fulcher played a baker in AD/BC: A Rock Opera, where he met up with Matt Berry again, and they then starred in their own comedy series, Snuff Box, on BBC Three. In addition to his acting and writing Fulcher is also a singer and dancer, and has employed these talents in various Boosh episodes and stage shows, on Snuff Box and as tech correspondent/stand up comic Dane Rivers on the comedy videocast Goodnight Burbank. He was interviewed on the first episode of comedian Steve Agee's podcast ""The John Show"". He has also provided the voice over for an MBNA credit card advert. Recently he provided the vocals to ""Uncle Kevin"" by DeadDogInBlackBag, a new Brighton-based electro outfit, fronted by Ami ""Chihuahua"" Richardson and Holly-Jane ""the Pain"" Shears. On 5 November 2007 he starred in Golf War on E4, alongside Season 1 Boosh regulars Simon Farnaby and Matt Berry. He currently stars in ITV's mobile TV show ""The Gym"" as Dave Darblay, a life coach unable to recover from the loneliness of being left by his wife. In 2008, he also appeared in an episode of Adult Swim's Fat Guy Stuck in Internet entitled ""Beast and Breakfast"", as well as playing the character of Mr Brilliance in new BBC Three comedy, Trexx and Flipside. It was announced on 11th November 2008 that MTV have commissioned a spin-off series of The Mighty Boosh, starring Rich Fulcher as Eleanor, the transvestite who appeared in the Mighty Boosh Series Three episode ""Eels"". Although rumoured, it is not clear if any other Mighty Boosh characters will appear in it. A 20-minute pilot episode has already been made, which can be viewed on several comedy websites currently and is expected to air on MTV2 shortly (as will the series). Rich Fulcher official website http://www.richfulcher.com",1
AP Latin,"AP Latin  2010-01-15T12:52:47Z  Advanced Placement Latin: Vergil (or AP Vergil, AP Latin Virgil, or AP Latin) is an examination offered by the College Board's Advanced Placement Program. The AP Latin: Vergil exam is based upon Vergil's Aeneid. Students are expected to be familiar with the following 1,856 lines of the Aeneid: Students must also be familiar with the total content of Books 1 through 12. The exam tests students' abilities to: Critical appreciation of the Aeneid as poetry implies the ability to translate literally, to analyze, to interpret, to read aloud with attention to pauses and phrasing, and to scan the dactylic hexameter verse. Students should be given extensive practice in reading at sight and in translating literally so that their translations not only are accurate and precise, but also make sense in English. The instructions for the translation questions, ""translate as literally as possible,"" call for a translation that is accurate and precise. In some cases an idiom may be translated in a way that makes sense in English but is rather loose compared to the Latin. In general, however, students are reminded to remember that: In the 2007 administration 4,929 students took the exam from 736 schools. The mean score was a 3.002. The grade distribution for 2007 was: In the 2009 adminisration, a total of 4,295 students took the exam, and the average score was a 3.04, slightly higher than 2007's scores. The grade distribution for 2009 was:,  AP Latin  2011-09-13T06:25:38Z  Advanced Placement Latin: Vergil (known also as AP Latin: Vergil, AP Latin, or AP Vergil) is an examination offered by the College Board's Advanced Placement Program. The current exam focuses on selections from the Aeneid, written by Augustan author Publius Vergilius Maro, also known as Vergil or Virgil. However, for the 2012-2013 academic year, the College Board has announced that it will change the content to include not only poetry, but also prose. The prose will be selections from Commentaries on the Gallic War, written by Gaius Julius Caesar. Also included in the new curriculum will be a focus on sight reading. The student taking the exam will not necessarily have been exposed to the specific reading passage that appears on the exam; however, the College Board suggests that a curriculum include practice with sight reading. The exam, administered in May, is three hours, consisting of a 60-minute multiple section and a 2 hour free-response section. The AP Latin: Vergil exam is based upon Vergil's Aeneid. Students are expected to be familiar with the following 1,856 lines of the Aeneid: Students must also be familiar with the total content of Books 1 through 12. The exam tests students' abilities to: Critical appreciation of the Aeneid as poetry implies the ability to translate literally, to analyze, to interpret, to read aloud with attention to pauses and phrasing, and to scan the dactylic hexameter verse. Students should be given extensive practice in reading at sight and in translating literally so that their translations not only are accurate and precise, but also make sense in English. The instructions for the translation questions, ""translate as literally as possible,"" call for a translation that is accurate and precise. In some cases an idiom may be translated in a way that makes sense in English but is rather loose compared to the Latin. In general, however, students are reminded to remember that: The 3 hour exam consists of a 60-minute multiple choice section and a 2 hour free-response section that includes fifteen minutes of reading time and 1 hour 45 minutes of writing time. The multiple choice section includes approximately 50 questions that relate to four passages: three read at sight and one from the syllabus. The multiple choice questions test the many skills learned and practiced throughout the year, including: The free-response section includes translation, analysis, and interpretation of the Latin text from the syllabus. The format is as follows: For the 2012-2013 academic year, the College Board announced that it has made revisions to its AP Latin curriculum. In general, the College Board announced new goals in the curriculum. These include: Instead of solely focusing on Vergil's Aeneid, the curriculum will now include both prose and poetry, including selections from Julius Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War. The new required reading list, including revisions to the number of lines required from the Aeneid, is: Vergil's Aeneid Caesar's Gallic War Also, there is a change to the required readings in English. The new list from the Aeneid is books 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12, instead of all twelve books, as was previously required. The new required reading list in English from the Gallic War is books 1, 6, and 7. Also in the revised curriculum there is also a newly placed emphasis on sight reading. The College Board announced that the exam will include Latin passages not on the required readings lists in an effort to enhance students' ability to read at sight. Recommended authors for prose include (inexhaustively): Nepos, Cicero (though not his letters), Livy, Pliny the Younger, and Seneca the Younger, rather than authors such as Tacitus or Sallust. For poetry, the College Board recommends authors (inexhaustively) as follows: Ovid, Martial, Tibullus, and Catullus, rather than poets such as Horace, Juvenal, or Lucan. For practice with sight reading in both poetry and prose, the College Board recommends additional Latin passages in the Aeneid and Gallic War that are not included in the required reading list. In the 2010 administration, 6,523 students took the exam. The mean score was 3.04, with a standard deviation of 1.40. Also, 4,114 of those who took the exam received a passing grade (3 or higher), or about 63.1%.",1
John Bostock,"John Bostock  2010-01-02T09:44:42Z  John Joseph Bostock (born 15 January 1992 in Lambeth, London) is an English footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Tottenham Hotspur and currently on loan to Brentford He made his league debut on 29 October 2007 at the age of 15 years and 287 days, playing 20 minutes as a substitute in a 2–0 defeat to Watford at Selhurst Park, making him Palace's youngest ever player. He also became the youngest ever Palace player to start a game, aged 15 years and 295 days, on 6 November 2007 against Cardiff City at Ninian Park. He has captained England at Under-17 level. During his teenage years, Bostock attended Brazilian Soccer Schools Lewisham to hone his individual skill. On 30 May 2008, Tottenham Hotspur announced the signing of Bostock on their club website. Crystal Palace later issued a statement denying reports that an agreement had been reached with Tottenham. Tottenham and Crystal Palace entered negotiations over the transfer fee, but agreement could not be reached, leading to the sum being decided at a tribunal. On 9 July the tribunal declared that Tottenham would pay £700,000 for Bostock, with add-on payments of up to £1.25m dependent on appearances and a further £200,000 should he make his full international debut. A sell-on clause entitles Crystal Palace to 15% of any profit Tottenham makes from any future sale of Bostock's contract. Crystal Palace chairman Simon Jordan said he was so disgusted with Bostock and his stepfather that he intended to revoke and refund their Selhurst Park season tickets for 2008–09, which the pair had already purchased. Bostock made his first team debut for Spurs in an 8-0 pre-season win over Spanish side Tavernes, providing the cross for Aaron Lennon's opening goal. On 6 November 2008 he made his competitive match debut in the 2008 UEFA Cup game against Dinamo Zagreb, coming on as a substitute, and becoming the youngest player to ever play for Spurs at 16 years, 295 days, just beating the previous record-holder Ally Dick by six days. On 13 November 2009, Bostock joined League One outfit Brentford on loan for a month, he was handed the number 17 shirt immediately. Bostock scored against Millwall on his debut as he cut inside and fired low into the corner. Bostock scored his second Brentford goal in the same game after Millwall keeper David Forde couldn't collect a ball from a corner. In the post match interview, Brentford manager Andy Scott likened Bostock's debut performance to French legend, Zinedine Zidane. ,  John Bostock  2011-10-28T16:55:47Z  John Joseph Bostock (born 15 January 1992 in Lambeth, London) is an English footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Tottenham Hotspur. Signed as an 8 year old from Ajax 95 he made his league debut on 29 October 2007 at the age of 15 years and 287 days, playing 20 minutes as a substitute in a 2–0 defeat to Watford at Selhurst Park, making him Palace's youngest ever player. He also became the youngest ever Palace player to start a game, aged 15 years and 295 days, on 6 November 2007 against Cardiff City at Ninian Park. He has captained England at Under-17 level. On 30 May 2008, Tottenham Hotspur announced the signing of Bostock on their club website. Crystal Palace later issued a statement denying reports that an agreement had been reached with Tottenham. Tottenham and Crystal Palace entered negotiations over the transfer fee, but agreement could not be reached, leading to the sum being decided at a tribunal. On 9 July the tribunal declared that Tottenham would pay £700,000 for Bostock, with add-on payments of up to £1.25m dependent on appearances and a further £200,000 should he make his full international debut. A sell-on clause entitles Crystal Palace to 15% of any profit Tottenham makes from any future sale of Bostock's contract. Crystal Palace chairman Simon Jordan said he was so disgusted with Bostock and his stepfather that he intended to revoke and refund their Selhurst Park season tickets for 2008–09, which the pair had already purchased. Bostock made his first team debut for Spurs in an 8–0 pre-season win over Spanish side Tavernes, providing the cross for Aaron Lennon's opening goal. On 6 November 2008 he made his competitive match debut in the 2008 UEFA Cup game against Dinamo Zagreb, coming on as a substitute, and becoming the youngest player to ever play for Spurs at 16 years, 295 days, just beating the previous record-holder Ally Dick by six days. On 13 November 2009, Bostock joined League One outfit Brentford on loan for a month, he was handed the number 17 shirt immediately. Bostock scored against Millwall on his debut as he cut inside and fired low into the corner. Bostock scored his second Brentford goal in the same game after Millwall keeper David Forde couldn't collect a ball from a corner. On 6 August 2010, Bostock had joined newly relegated Hull City on a season-long loan. He scored with a 30-yard strike described as a ""wonder goal"" on his debut against Swansea on 7 August. On 31 December 2010, Tottenham Hotspur announced that Bostock had returned early from his largely unsuccessful loan spell at Hull City. U19 Squad Euro 2010",1
Diablo Canyon Power Plant,"Diablo Canyon Power Plant  2005-04-16T19:33:07Z  The Diablo Canyon Power Plant has two Westinghouse-designed 4-Loop pressurized-water nuclear reactors operated by Pacific Gas & Electric. The facility is Located in Avila Beach, California. Together, the units produce about 18 billion kWh of electricity annually. Unit 1 has been operating since November 1984; Unit 2 since August 1984. Unit One is a 1,087MEe Pressurized Water Reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It came online on Nov. 2, 1984 and is licensed to operate through Sept. 22, 2021. In 2003, Unit one generated 9,585,431 Megawatthours of electricity, at a capacity factor of 100.4%. Unit Two is a 1,087MEe Pressurized Water Reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It came online on Aug. 26, 1985 and is licensed to operate through Apr. 26, 2025. In 2003, Unit two generated 7,699,608 Megawatthours of electricity, at a capacity factor of 80.6%. ,  Diablo Canyon Power Plant  2006-10-09T10:52:07Z  The Diablo Canyon Power Plant is an electricity-generating nuclear power plant in San Luis Obispo County, California. The plant has two Westinghouse-designed 4-Loop pressurized-water nuclear reactors operated by Pacific Gas & Electric. The facility is located on about 903 acres (3.7 km²) in Avila Beach, California. Together, the twin 1,100 megawatt reactors produce about 18,000 GWh of electricity annually, supplying the electrical needs of more than 2.2 million people, sent along the Path 15 500 kV lines that connect to this plant. Diablo Canyon is designed to withstand an earthquake of .75 gs from four faults, including the San Andreas and Hosgri faults. Equipped with advanced seismic monitoring and safety systems, the plant is designed to shutdown safely in the event of significant ground motion. The plant draws its secondary cooling water from the Pacific Ocean, and during heavy storms both units are throttled back to 80% power to prevent kelp from entering the cooling water intake. Unit One is a 1,087MWe pressurized water reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It went online on 2 November 1984 and is licensed to operate through 22 September 2021. In 2003, Unit One generated 9,585,431 MWhr of electricity, at a capacity factor of 100.4%. Unit Two is a 1,087 MWe pressurized water reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It went online on 26 August 1985 and is licensed to operate through 26 April 2025. In 2003, Unit Two generated 7,699,608 MWhr of electricity, at a capacity factor of 80.6%. Diablo Canyon was built and pressed into service despite legal challenges and civil disobedience from the anti-nuclear protesters of the Abalone alliance.",1
UW_Hybrid_Vehicle_Team,"UW_Hybrid_Vehicle_Team  2007-11-26T23:56:26Z   The Hybrid Vehicle Team consists mainly of undergraduate students from the University of Wisconsin who work together to build Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Many of the members have little to no previous automotive experience but they learn from working alongside seasoned members. The master/apprentice type learning environment lends itself well to the constant turn over of students as the old members graduate and new students step up to teach the next generation. In the team’s first years, 1992-1995, the main competition event was the HEV challenge. The original Electric Cow (Escort wagon) was built for these competitions. The FutureCar Challenge became the team’s focus in 1995. Originally, the Future Cow (Intrepid) was used and took third place over all at the first year of competition. In the fall of 1997 the team change its focus to their third HEV, the Aluminum Cow (Sable). The Aluminum Cow then went on to win the next two competitions. FutureTruck 2000 competition followed the FutureCar Challenge. It was a 5-year competition similar to the FutureCar Challenge series, but with new and bigger challenges. For the first 2 years of the competition the team built the ""Moollennium"" (Suburban) which took fourth place the first year and second place the second. For the last 3 years of the FutureTruck competition, the team redesigned a 2002 Explorer into a hybrid SUV. Each year the team performed very well at competition placing first each year. The last year of the competition, the explorer placed first with a 125 point lead over second place. Challenge X is the newest competition that the team will undertake. Different from FutureCar and FutureTruck, Challenge X focuses more on the modeling and simulation aspects of design in the first year. Then the second and third years are similar to the Future Challenges where if the team passes the first year, they will receive a Chevrolet Equinox to transform into a hybrid vehicle. The team is subdivided into five groups, each responsible for a different system of the vehicle. The individual group leaders coordinate projects, teach the new members, and take responsibility for particular aspects of the vehicle's development. The Challenge X Program is a four-year competition sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy and General Motors Corporation for 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Seventeen universities from across North America were selected to participate in Challenge X. The first year of the competition is different from the FutureTruck competitions. Teams will concentrate on modeling, simulation, and testing of the vehicle powertrain and vehicle subsystems selected by each school. Teams that pass the first year will receive keys to a 2005 Chevy Equinox. The primary objective of each team then will be to incorporate the powertrain developed in the first year into the vehicle. Other objectives will be to increase the fuel economy (energy efficiency) as measured by the total greenhouse gas impact of the vehicle without compromising the safety, convenience, and performance consumers expect in this type of vehicle. The first year competition of Challenge X took place at GM University in Auburn Hills, MI from June 6-9, 2005. After two days of presenting control strategy and technical design, the University of Wisconsin-Madison Hybrid Vehicle Team took 10th place with 633. 4 points and 3rd place for the Freescale Semiconductor - Silicon on the Move Award. The competition ended with a key presentation ceremony for each of the teams new Chevy Equinoxes. The University of Wisconsin – Madison Hybrid Vehicle Team has designed a four-wheel drive, charge sustaining, split-parallel hybrid-electric crossover vehicle for entry into the Challenge X 2007 competition. This multiyear project is built on a Chevrolet Equinox platform. Fuel economy results, greenhouse gas impact (GHGI), acceleration, component packaging and consumer acceptability were appropriately weighted to establish Wisconsin’s vehicle technical specifications. Wisconsin's Equinox, nicknamed the Moovada, is a split-parallel hybrid utilizing a GM 110 kW 1. 9 L CIDI engine coupled to a GM F40 6-speed manual transmission. The rear axle is powered by a Ballard induction motor/gearbox powerlimited to 59 kW by the 44-module (317 volts nominal) Johnson Controls nickel-metal hydride hybrid battery pack. The vehicle is fueled by B20, which has a lower GHGI impact than conventional diesel fuel. The hybrid controller is a Motorola MPC555 based Powertrain Control Module (PCM) embedded controller with 38 inputs, 28 outputs and dual CAN bus capability specifically designed for automotive applications. Wisconsin is utilizing ANSI C language for code development and MotoTron development tools for programming the controller. During the second year of the Challenge X competition, the students integrated their powertrain into the stock Equinox. This was accomplished by finalizing the control strategy developed in the first year of the competition and physically mounting the powertrain components into the vehicle. The Challenge X year 2 competition took place at the GM proving grounds in Mesa, AZ in June. The UW hybrid vehicle team took 2nd overall with points, highlighed with awards for the Dr. Donald Streit Sportsmanship Award, Best Engineering & Fabrication Workmanship Award, Outstanding Long-Term Faculty Advisor award, Best Technical Presentation, Best Vehicle Development Review, Best Acceleration, Most Improved Outreach Program, 3rd in Best Written Technical Reports, 1st place for Freescale Semiconductor: Silicon on the Move, and 3rd for Best realization of VTS. During the third year of Challenge X, the UW-Madison hybrid vehicle team is concentrating on tuning and perfecting the design of Moovada. The existing powertrain components of the GM 110 kW 1. 9 L CIDI engine coupled to a GM F40 6-speed manual transmission and the Ballard induction motor/gearbox powerlimited to 59 kW by the 44-module (317 volts nominal) Johnson Controls nickel-metal hydride hybrid battery pack remain the same. To reach a 99% buyoff in year 3, the team is concentrating on perfecting and remaking the exhaust system, refining the controls system and possibly repackage the batteries. Both the interior and exterior are being modified to reflect a more ""consumer acceptable"" vehicle. Testing and calibration is being done to assure the occupant a smooth and flawless vehicle ride quality. The second and third years of Challenge X focused respectively on the second and third key phases of GM’s Global Vehicle Development Process – vehicle integration and full vehicle development. In Years Two and Three, each university team integrated and refined their advanced powertrain and other vehicle subsystems into their Equinox. Year Two focused on powertrain development and demonstration of the energy use and emissions goals of the competition. In Year Three, team vehicles were judged extensively in categories such as towing capacity, and consumer acceptability. Teams were also required to give technical oral presentations and submit an SAE-style technical paper. The fourth year of the program will gave students the opportunity to further implement innovative technologies in their vehicles, such as telematics, that will help meet consumer demands for safety, security and convenience. The final year will also allow teams to focus on developing and implementing marketing plans for their vehicles to promote the goals of the Challenge X program. ,  UW_Hybrid_Vehicle_Team  2008-09-19T18:02:18Z   The Hybrid Vehicle Team consists mainly of undergraduate students from the University of Wisconsin who work together to build a hybrid electric vehicle. Many of the members have little to no previous automotive experience but they learn from working alongside seasoned members. The master/apprentice type learning environment lends itself well to the constant turn over of students as the old members graduate and new students step up to teach the next generation. The team is subdivided into five groups, each responsible for a different system of the vehicle. The Mechanical and Drivetrain Groups primarily function to facilitate major changes in the structure and architecture of the vehicle; from frame redesign to adding an electric motor, they do it all. The Control and Electrical Groups are responsible for maintaining all of the vehicle computer and electrical components; they program the ECU and rewire the vehicle to accommodate they hybrid subsystems. The Outreach group publishes newsletters, maintains the website, and involve the team in community and regional events. Each of the individual group leaders coordinate projects, teach the new members, and take responsibility for their particular aspects of the vehicle's development. In the team’s first years, 1992-1995, the main competition event was the HEV challenge. The original Electric Cow (Ford Escort wagon) was built for these competitions. The FutureCar Challenge became the team’s focus in 1995. Originally, the Future Cow (Dodge Intrepid) was used and took third place over all at the first year of competition. In the fall of 1997 the team change its focus to their third HEV, the Aluminum Cow (Mercury Sable). The Aluminum Cow then went on to win the next two competitions. FutureTruck 2000 competition followed the FutureCar Challenge. It was a 5-year competition similar to the FutureCar Challenge series, but with new and bigger challenges. For the first 2 years of the competition the team built the ""Moollennium"" (Chevrolet Suburban) which took fourth place the first year and second place the second. For the last 3 years of the FutureTruck competition, the team redesigned a 2002 Ford Explorer into a hybrid SUV. Each year the team performed very well at competition, taking first place. The final year of the competition, the explorer finished with a 125 point lead over second place. Challenge X is the newest competition that the team is currently undertaking. Different from FutureCar or FutureTruck, Challenge X focuses on the modeling and simulation aspect of design in the first year. The second and third years are similar though, where when the team passes the first year, they receive a Chevrolet Equinox to transform into a hybrid vehicle. The Challenge X Program is a four-year competition sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy and General Motors Corporation for 2005-2008. Seventeen universities from across North America were selected to participate in Challenge X. During the first year of the competition, team concentrated on modeling, simulation, and testing of the major vehicle components, consisting primarily of the powertrain and any major modifications like the frame or body selected by each school. Teams that passed the first year received keys to a 2005 Chevrolet Equinox. During the second year of competition, the objective of each team was to incorporate the powertrain modeled in the first year into the vehicle. Other objectives were minor modifications to increase the fuel economy and reduce the total greenhouse gas impact of the vehicle; without compromising the safety, convenience, or performance consumers expect in a Sport Utility Vehicle. The first year competition of Challenge X took place at the GM University in Auburn Hills, MI from June 6-9, 2005. After two days of presenting control strategy and technical design, the University of Wisconsin-Madison Hybrid Vehicle Team took 10th place with 633. 4 points and 3rd place for the Freescale Semiconductor - Silicon on the Move Award. The competition ended with a key presentation ceremony for each of the teams receiving a new Chevrolet Equinox. The University of Wisconsin–Madison Hybrid Vehicle Team designed a four-wheel drive, charge sustaining, split-parallel hybrid-electric crossover vehicle for entry into the Challenge X 2007 competition. This multi-year project is built on a 2005 Chevrolet Equinox platform. Fuel economy results, greenhouse gas impact (GHGI), acceleration, component packaging, and consumer acceptability were appropriately weighted to establish Wisconsin’s vehicle technical specifications. Wisconsin's Equinox, nicknamed the Moovada, is a split-parallel hybrid utilizing a General Motors 110 kW 1. 9 L CIDI Diesel engine coupled to a GM F40 6-speed manual transmission. The rear axle is powered by a Ballard AC induction motor/gearbox powerlimited to 59 kW and powered by a 44-module (317 volts nominal) Johnson Controls nickel-metal hydride battery pack. The vehicle is fueled by B20 biodiesel, which has a lower GHGI impact than conventional diesel fuel. The engine control unit is a Motorola MPC555 based Powertrain Control Module (PCM) embedded controller with 38 inputs, 28 outputs and dual CAN bus capability, it has been specifically designed for automotive applications. Wisconsin is utilizing ANSI C language for code development and MotoTron development tools for programming the controller. During the second year of the Challenge X competition, the team integrated the powertrain into the stock Equinox. Year two focused on powertrain development and demonstration of the energy use and emissions goals of the competition. This was accomplished by finalizing the control strategy developed in the first year of the competition and physically mounting the powertrain components into the vehicle. The Challenge X year two competition took place at the GM proving grounds in Mesa, AZ in June. Wisconsin took 2nd overall in points, highlighted with awards for the Dr. Donald Streit Sportsmanship Award, Best Engineering & Fabrication Workmanship Award, Outstanding Long-Term Faculty Advisor award, Best Technical Presentation, Best Vehicle Development Review, Best Acceleration, Most Improved Outreach Program, 3rd in Best Written Technical Reports, 1st place for Freescale Semiconductor: Silicon on the Move, and 3rd for Best realization of VTS. During the third year of Challenge X, the UW-Madison hybrid vehicle team concentrated on tuning and perfecting the design of Moovada. Aside from slightly reducing the battery voltage to 288 volts; the powertrain components remained the same for this phase of the competition. To reach a 99% buyoff in year three, the team is concentrated on perfecting and remaking the exhaust and catalyst system, they also refined the controls system and repackaged the batteries. Both the interior and exterior were modified to reflect a more ""consumer acceptable"" vehicle. Testing and calibration was also done to assure the occupants a smooth and flawless vehicle ride quality. In year three, team vehicles were judged extensively in categories such as towing capacity, and consumer acceptability. Teams were also required to give technical oral presentations and submit an SAE-style technical paper. The fourth year of the program will give students the opportunity to further implement innovative technologies in their vehicles, such as global positioning and entertainment systems that will help meet consumer demands for safety, security entertainment and convenience. This final year will also allow teams to focus on developing and implementing marketing plans for their vehicles to promote the goals of the Challenge X program.",0
Maidstone_Corporation_Transport,"Maidstone_Corporation_Transport  2010-01-17T03:24:24Z   Maidstone Corporation Transport was the operator of trams, trolleybuses and motorbuses in Maidstone, Kent from 1904 to 1974. The operations of Maidstone Corporation passed to Maidstone Borough Council Transport in reorganisation of local government in 1974, expanding the Borough boundaries. Maidstone Corporation Tramways began operation on 14 July 1904 with the introduction of a service to Barming, supplemented by routes to Loose and Tovil by 1907. The Barming trams were replaced by trolleybuses in 1928, and the Loose trams replaced in 1930. The Tovil tram was replaced by buses in 1929. Trolleybus routes were expanded with development of new housing until 1963, when the decision was made to convert to buses. The last trolleybuses ran on 15 April 1967. The tramway's main depot with its offices and sheds were located on the north side of Tonbridge Road, about 50 metres east of its junction with Queens Road. These premises were subsequently used by trolleybuses. As of 2009 the site had become a residential development named the Coach Yard, but some of the original tramway tracks and cobbles were still visible in a preserved central section of its accessway and car park. A smaller tramshed (capacity 4 trams) was located in Pickering Street, Loose, and was also later used by the trolleybuses. In 1974, under local government reorganisation and expansion of the borough boundary, Maidstone Corporation Transport became Maidstone Borough Council Transport. Maidstone Corporation started out with an ochre and cream colour scheme, with gold Maidstone Corporation lettering and the council crest. A Fiesta blue and cream livery was introduced for the buses that replaced the trolleybuses. Maidstone operated a fleet of Sunbeam trolleybuses. In 1959, following closure of the nearby Hastings Tramways trolleybus network owned by Maidstone and District, Maidstone Corporation acquired five of their trolleybuses. Also purchased were two vehicles from the closing Brighton system, including now-preserved 52. Maidstone operated a universally double-deck fleet of motorbuses. Vehicles showed only destinations with no route numbers. The latter batches of motorbuses were standardised on the Leyland Titan as follows: 52 is at the East Anglia Transport Museum, 56 and 72 at the The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft, Lincolnshire, 2004 saw the centenary anniversary of transport in Maidstone. In commemoration there was a rally, cavalcade and running day featuring preserved vehicles from Maidstone Corporation and other local operators, together with present-day operators. Local bus operators Arriva Southern Counties and Nu-Venture painted buses in liveries reminiscent of the ochre and fiesta blue Corporation liveries, with Arriva Dennis Dart 3176 and Nu-Venture Leyland Olympian 100 in ochre and Nu-Venture Leyland Titan T857 in fiesta blue. ,  Maidstone_Corporation_Transport  2011-03-19T12:47:43Z   Maidstone Corporation Transport was the operator of trams, trolleybuses and motorbuses in Maidstone, Kent from 1904 to 1974. The operations of Maidstone Corporation passed to Maidstone Borough Council Transport in reorganisation of local government in 1974, expanding the Borough boundaries. Maidstone Corporation Tramways began operation on 14 July 1904 with the introduction of a service to Barming, supplemented by routes to Loose and Tovil by 1907. The Barming trams were replaced by trolleybuses in 1928, and the Loose trams replaced in 1930. The Tovil tram was replaced by buses in 1929. The Maidstone trolleybus system was expanded with development of new housing until 1963, when the decision was made to convert to buses. The last trolleybuses ran on 15 April 1967. The tramway's main depot with its offices and sheds were located on the north side of Tonbridge Road, about 50 metres east of its junction with Queens Road. These premises were subsequently used by trolleybuses. As of 2009 the site had become a residential development named the Coach Yard, but some of the original tramway tracks and cobbles were still visible in a preserved central section of its accessway and car park. A smaller tramshed (capacity 4 trams) was located in Pickering Street, Loose, and was also later used by the trolleybuses. In 1974, under local government reorganisation and expansion of the borough boundary, Maidstone Corporation Transport became Maidstone Borough Council Transport. Maidstone Corporation started out with an ochre and cream colour scheme, with gold Maidstone Corporation lettering and the council crest. A Fiesta blue and cream livery was introduced for the buses that replaced the trolleybuses. Maidstone operated a fleet of Sunbeam trolleybuses. In 1959, following closure of the nearby Hastings Tramways trolleybus network owned by Maidstone and District, Maidstone Corporation acquired five of their trolleybuses. Also purchased were two vehicles from the closing Brighton system, including now-preserved 52. Maidstone operated a universally double-deck fleet of motorbuses. Vehicles showed only destinations with no route numbers. The latter batches of motorbuses were standardised on the Leyland Titan as follows: 52 is at the East Anglia Transport Museum, 56 and 72 at The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft, Lincolnshire, 2004 saw the centenary anniversary of transport in Maidstone. In commemoration there was a rally, cavalcade and running day featuring preserved vehicles from Maidstone Corporation and other local operators, together with present-day operators. Local bus operators Arriva Southern Counties and Nu-Venture painted buses in liveries reminiscent of the ochre and fiesta blue Corporation liveries, with Arriva Dennis Dart 3176 and Nu-Venture Leyland Olympian 100 in ochre and Nu-Venture Leyland Titan T857 in fiesta blue.",0
Jayson Leutwiler,"Jayson Leutwiler  2014-05-16T14:00:53Z  Jayson Leutwiler (born 25 April 1989) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. Leutwiler started his children's football with the local club in Cornaux. In 2002 he moved to the youth system of Neuchâtel Xamax and stayed there until 2005. Playing in the U-18 and U-21 teams, Leutwiler came through the ranks at FC Basel, but because Yann Sommer was first choice goalkeeper in front of him, Leutwiler was sent on loan at FC Concordia Basel in 2007, where he was more likely to get first-team football. At just 18 years of age he had much improving to do and his season-long loan spell at Concordia would have helped him mature as a footballer. However after only 4 games FC Basel cancelled the loan and took Leutwiler back as their first team third-choice goalkeeper because the transfer of Riccardo Meili fell through. After two further seasons on the bench with the Basel first team squad and a number of appearances in the reserve team, Leutwiler was loaned out to Yverdon-Sport for the season 2009/10. The following season he was loaned to FC Wohlen, but here he was unable to hold the first goalkeeper position, therefore he returned to Basel. During the second half of the 2010/11 and the first half of the season 2011/12 he played for the Basel U-21 team again. On 27 January 2012 it was announced that he would be loaned out to FC Schaffhausen until the end of the season. On 14 August 2012 it was announced that Leutwiler joined Middlesbrough. Leutwiler made his debut in a 3-1 win away at Preston in the league cup third round, in which some of his late saves were described as 'Amazing' by BBC Tees commentator Ali Brownlee. Leutwiler got his second competitive start for Boro in a 2-1 defeat to Accrington Stanley at home in the first round of the Capital One Cup. He made his league debut in the 1-0 victory over Charlton after being brought on as a substitute. Leutwiler played twice for the Swiss U-16 team, his debut being in the 2-1 home win against the Czech Republic U-16 team on 26 April 2005. He also played for the Switzerland U-18 team on 18 October 2006 in the 4-5 away defeat against Slovakia U-18. Leutwiler was nominated for the Swiss national U-20 squad four times, playing three times. He gave his debut on 10 September 2008 in the 5-2 home win against Italy U-20 in the Stadio Giuseppe Sinigaglia in Como. His last appearance was against the same opposition on 20 May 2010 as the Swiss lost 4-1. He was also called up for the Swiss U-21 team, but remained on the bench in all three occasions. Basel,  Jayson Leutwiler  2015-12-15T22:59:37Z  Jayson Leutwiler (born 25 April 1989) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for English club Shrewsbury Town. A product of the FC Basel academy, he was loaned to several other clubs in Switzerland for the duration of his time there, before joining Middlesbrough in 2012. Rarely used at the Riverside Stadium, he was released two years later and joined Shrewsbury for free. Leutwiler has been called up to represent Switzerland at youth international levels, up to under-21. Leutwiler started his children's football with the local club in Cornaux. In 2002 he moved to the youth system of Neuchâtel Xamax and stayed there until 2005. Playing in the U-18 and U-21 teams, Leutwiler came through the ranks at FC Basel, but because Yann Sommer was first choice goalkeeper in front of him, Leutwiler was sent on loan at FC Concordia Basel in 2007, where he was more likely to get first-team football. At just 18 years of age he had much improving to do and his season-long loan spell at Concordia would have helped him mature as a footballer. However after only 4 games FC Basel cancelled the loan and took Leutwiler back as their first team third-choice goalkeeper because the transfer of Riccardo Meili fell through. After two further seasons on the bench with the Basel first team squad and a number of appearances in the reserve team, Leutwiler was loaned out to Yverdon-Sport for the season 2009/10. The following season he was loaned to FC Wohlen, but here he was unable to hold the first goalkeeper position, therefore he returned to Basel. During the second half of the 2010/11 and the first half of the season 2011/12 he played for the Basel U-21 team again. On 27 January 2012 it was announced that he would be loaned out to FC Schaffhausen until the end of the season. On 14 August 2012 it was announced that Leutwiler joined Middlesbrough. He made his debut in a 3–1 win away at Preston North End in the League Cup third round on 25 September. It was his only appearance of the season; in addition he was an unused substitute for 42 Championship matches, 3 FA Cup games and 2 League Cup fixtures. He made his league debut for the club on 10 August 2013, in a 1–0 win over Charlton Athletic at The Valley, replacing Jason Steele for the last 12 minutes shortly after Lukas Jutkiewicz had scored the only goal of the game. A week later, with Steele still injured, Leutwiler made his first league start at home against Blackpool. He conceded after 83 minutes from Chris Basham but Marvin Emnes scored an equaliser in added time. Leutwiler's third and final league appearance of the season came on 23 November, in Aitor Karanka's first match in charge, away to Leeds United: in the last minute of the first half, Steele was sent off for a foul on Dexter Blackstock and Leutwiler was brought on at the expense of Emnes in a 1–2 defeat. Following his close season release from Middlesbrough, Leutwiler became the eighth summer signing to join Shrewsbury Town in League Two on a two-year deal on 11 June 2014. He started the season as first choice goalkeeper, keeping a clean sheet in each of the first three rounds of the League Cup, all against higher division opposition, to set up a fourth round home tie with Chelsea. It was documented in February 2015 that Leutwiler had kept more clean sheets that season than any goalkeeper in Europe, 20 in 39 matches. Leutwiler broke the club record for most clean sheets in a league season, after keeping his 22nd clean sheet in a home match against York City, before clinching promotion to League One the following weekend with a 1–0 away victory at Cheltenham Town. Leutwiler continued in his role as first-choice goalkeeper at Shrewsbury until a back injury ruled him out of a home match against Blackpool in September 2015, ending a run of 54 consecutive starts in the Football League, losing his place to Mark Halstead. He was immediately reinstated on his return to fitness, although he suffered concussion and facial injuries in a televised FA Cup second-round match at Grimsby Town in December which saw Halstead deputise for him once again. Leutwiler played twice for the Swiss U-16 team, his debut being in the 2–1 home win against the Czech Republic U-16 team on 26 April 2005. He also played for the Switzerland U-18 team on 18 October 2006 in the 4–5 away defeat against Slovakia U-18. Leutwiler was nominated for the Swiss national U-20 squad four times, playing three times. He gave his debut on 10 September 2008 in the 5–2 home win against Italy U-20 in the Stadio Giuseppe Sinigaglia in Como. His last appearance was against the same opposition on 20 May 2010 as the Swiss lost 4–1. He was also called up for the Swiss U-21 team, but remained on the bench in all three occasions. In August 2015, it was revealed that Leutwiller holds Canadian citizenship and a passport and is interested in playing for Canada should the Canadian Soccer Association approach him. Basel Shrewsbury Town",1
São Paulo FC,"São Paulo FC  2017-01-02T03:22:09Z  São Paulo Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: ), simply known as São Paulo, is a professional football club, based in São Paulo, Brazil. The club plays in the Paulistão (the State of São Paulo's premier state league), as well as the Brasileirão (the top tier of the Brazilian football league system), being one of the only five clubs to have never been relegated, along with Santos, Flamengo, Cruzeiro and Chapecoense. As for international titles, São Paulo is the most successful team from Brazil, with 12 international titles. It is also one of the most successful South American clubs in terms of overall titles, having won 21 state titles, six Brasileirão titles, three Copa Libertadores titles, one Copa Sudamericana, one Supercopa Libertadores, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup. Founded in 1930, São Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil's leading football clubs. The club's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s, under coach Telê Santana, when it won three state titles, one national championship, two Copa Libertadores, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL. São Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil, with over 28 million supporters. The team's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), white shorts and white socks. Its home ground is the 67,052-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo, where it has played since 1947. The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2006. São Paulo is the second richest Brazilian football club in terms of revenue, with an annual revenue of $111.9m (€78.2m), and the second nation's most valuable club, worth over $353.4m (€246.9m) in 2011. São Paulo FC was founded on 25 January 1930 by 60 former officials, players, members and friends of the football clubs CA Paulistano and AA das Palmeiras of São Paulo. Paulistano, founded in 1900 and thus one of the oldest clubs in town and 11-time champions of São Paulo, abandoned football due to the professionalization of the sport. Palmeiras, founded in 1902 and three-time champions of São Paulo, intended after the end of the season 1929 to set up a professional team, but failed to do so. Paulistano brought into the union star players like Arthur Friedenreich and Araken Patuska. Palmeiras' contribution was the stadium Estádio da Floresta, generally known as Chácara da Floresta. The jerseys of the new club were derived from the ones of Palmeiras, which were white and sported a black ring across the chest. To the black-and-white of Palmeiras was added the red-and-white of Paulistano, thus, the ring became red, white and black. The team, coached by former Paulistano star player Rubens Salles, played its first match on 16 March 1930 when it drew 0–0 against CA Ypiranga. The side became in the same year runner up of the State Championship and won it in 1931, losing only one match of 26 and scoring 92 goals in the process. In the following three years São Paulo FC was again runner up in the championship. In 1933, football in São Paulo became officially professional and the friendly match on March 12, 1933 which São Paulo won 5–1 against Santos FC is considered the opener of that era. Internal arguments and turmoil led to financial problems. The club merged with Clube de Regatas Tietê, another sports club from the town, and the football department was disbanded on 14 May 1935. Just after the merger with Tietê, the founders and re-founders created the Grêmio Tricolor, which formed Clube Atlético São Paulo on 4 June 1935, and, finally, São Paulo Futebol Clube on 16 December of the same year. The new club's first game was against Portuguesa Santista on 25 January 1936. The match was almost cancelled, owing to the city's anniversary, but Porphyrio da Paz, the football director and composer of the club's anthem, obtained permission from the Board of Education Office for the game to continue. Another merger occurred in 1938, this time with Clube Atlético Estudantes Paulista, from the neighborhood of Moóca, and the club finished as runners-up in the Campeonato Paulista. In 1940, when the Estádio do Pacaembu was inaugurated, a new era began in São Paulo state football. São Paulo Futebol Clube finished as runners-up once again in the Campeonato Paulista in 1941, and a year later the club paid 200 contos de réis (equivalent to approximately R$162,000 today) to acquire Leônidas from Flamengo. During this period, São Paulo also acquired the Argentinian António Sastre and Brazilians Noronha, José Carlos Bauer, Zezé Procópio, Luizinho, Rui and Teixeirinha. With these new additions, Tricolor became known as the Steam Roller, winning the Paulista championship five times, in 1943, 1945, 1946, 1948 and 1949. The club sold its Canindé training ground to Portuguesa to raise money for their new stadium the Estádio do Morumbi, for which construction began in 1952. The run of success of the 1940s, came to an end in the early 1950s, and the club only won two state championships in the new decade, in 1953 and 1957. The latter championship was won with the help of the 35-year-old Brazilian international Zizinho and Hungarian manager Béla Guttmann. In the years that followed, the club struggled to compete with the rise of Pelé and his club, Santos. With the construction of the Morumbi stadium still ongoing, São Paulo entered its longest period without a title in its history, which was to last 13 years. Since São Paulo's budget planning was focused on the Estádio do Morumbi construction rather than the signing of new players, few expensive players were bought during the 1960s, although the club did acquire Brazilian internationals Roberto Dias and Jurandir. In 1960, the Estádio do Morumbi was inaugurated, named after the late Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, the club's chairman during most of the stadium construction. One of the few happy moments for the fans during this period was the 1963 Paulista Championship 4–1 victory against Pelé's Santos. In 1970, the Estádio do Morumbi was finally completed and the club purchased Gérson from Botafogo, Uruguayan midfielder Pedro Rocha from Peñarol and striker Toninho Guerreiro from Santos. The club was managed by Zezé Moreira, who was the manager of Brazil at the World Cup in 1954, and won the Paulista Championship after beating Guarani 2–1 in the Campinas a week before the end of the competition. In 1971, the club beat Palmeiras 1–0 with a goal from Toninho Guerreiro in the final to capture another state title. That year saw the inaugural Campeonato Brasileiro, with the club finishing as runners-up to Atlético Mineiro, managed by Telê Santana. In the following years, São Paulo and Palmeiras gradually overtook Pelé's Santos and Corinthians as the dominant club sides in São Paulo state. In 1972, Palmeiras won the state championship title, only one point ahead of São Paulo, and the following year the clubs finished in the same positions in the Brazilian Championship. In 1974, São Paulo took part in the Copa Libertadores losing in the final to Independiente in a replay. In 1975, former goalkeeper José Poy took over as manager, and São Paulo won the Paulista Championship after defeating Portuguesa in a penalty shoot-out. Valdir Peres, Chicão, Serginho Chulapa and Zé Sérgio were the club's most influential players when São Paulo finally secured the Brazilian Championship for the first time in 1977 following a penalty shoot-out victory over Atlético Mineiro at the Mineirão. However, they failed to win another trophy until the reclaimed the Paulista Championship in 1980. In the 1980s, São Paulo won four Paulista and one Brazilian titles, helped by the impressive central defensive pair of Oscar and Dario Pereyra. 1980 and 1981, the club won the Paulista Championship in successive seasons for the first time since the 1940s. In 1985, the head coach Cilinho introduced to the world the Menudos of Morumbi, a team that included Paulo Silas, Müller and Sidney, and the club once again won the Paulista Championship. The main striker was Careca, a centre-forward who also played for Brazil in the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The midfield featured Falcão, brought in from Italian club Roma, where he earned the nicknamed King of Rome. In 1986, manager Pepe led the club to its second Brazilian Championship title, defeating Guarani in a penalty shoot-out. In 1987, Dario Pereyra left the club, but in that year the Menudos team won its last title, another Paulista title. The so-called Tricolor Decade ended with the 1989 Paulista Championship title and a second-place finish in the Brazilian Championship, when São Paulo lost to Vasco da Gama in the final match. In 1990, after a poor start to the campaign in Championship Paulista, Telê Santana was hired as the club's coach, and São Paulo went on to finish runners-up in the Brazilian Championship. In 1991, Santana won his first title after winning the Paulista championship. In 1991, São Paulo won the Brazilian championship after beating Carlos Alberto Parreira's Bragantino, and the club began a period of consistent achievement both nationally and internationally. The following year they reached the Copa Libertadores final, where they faced Newell's Old Boys of Argentina. São Paulo lost the first leg 1–0, but reversed the scoreline in the second leg in Brazil, and then won the competition in the penalty shoot-out to take the title for the first time. In the same year, in Tokyo the club won its first Intercontinental Cup, beating Johann Cruyff's Barcelona 2–1. After returning to Brazil, the club beat Palmeiras 2–1 to win its 18th state championship title. In 1993, São Paulo retained the Copa Libertadores, beating Universidad Católica of Chile in the final. After the competition, influential midfielder Raí left the club, but São Paulo won the Intercontinental Cup again, beating Fabio Capello's Milan 3–2. Müller scored the winning goal in the 86th minute of the match, from an assist by Toninho Cerezo. In 1994, the club reached the final of the Copa Libertadores for the third year in a row, and faced Argentina's Vélez Sársfield. On this occasion they lost a penalty shoot-out to the Argentine side at the Morumbi stadium. But by the end of this year, São Paulo won the Copa CONMEBOL, defeating Peñarol of Uruguay in the final. At the beginning of 1996, owing to health issues, Telê Santana left São Paulo, ending the club's golden era. Between 1995 and 2004, the club had fourteen managers. Among the most notable titles during those ten years were the 2000 Paulista Championship and the club's first Rio-São Paulo Tournament title in 2001. Rogério Ceni, Júlio Baptista, Luís Fabiano and Kaká were the club's stars. Raí briefly returned to the club between 1998 and 2000, and with him, the club won the Paulista Championship twice, in 1998 and 2000, after beating Corinthians and Santos, respectively. In 2004 São Paulo were back in the Copa Libertadores and reached the semi-finals before being eliminated by underdogs Once Caldas from Colombia. At the end of that year, Émerson Leão was hired as the club's coach. In 2003, São Paulo made a deal with Spanish amateur side Santangelo Club Aficionado that resulted in the Spanish club changing its name to São Paulo Madrid. In 2005, with Leão as the club's manager, São Paulo won the Paulista Championship. Leão, however, would soon leave the club with Paulo Autuori, former manager of the Peru national team, hired to replace him. São Paulo won the Libertadores Cup for the third time, beating another Brazilian side, Atlético Paranaense, in the final. Atlético switched the first leg of the final to Estádio Beira-Rio, Porto Alegre, their own ground not having sufficient capacity for a final, and the match ended in a 1–1 draw. In the second leg, at the Morumbi, São Paulo won 4–0 to become the first Brazilian club to win three Copa Libertadores titles. In December 2005, São Paulo competed in the FIFA Club World Championship in Japan. After beating Saudi Arabia's Al-Ittihad 3–2, they faced European champions Liverpool in the final. A 1–0 victory over the English team gave São Paulo its third intercontinental title. The single goal was scored by Mineiro in the first half of the match. Other players in that year's squad included centre-back Diego Lugano, full-back Cicinho and forward Amoroso. After the success of the 2005 season, Paulo Autuori left the team to coach Kashima Antlers in the J. League. Muricy Ramalho was signed up as the new coach, having led Internacional to the runners-up position in the 2005 Brazilian Championship. In his first tournament as a manager, Ramalho reached second place in the Paulista Championship, losing to Santos by one point. São Paulo reached the final of the 2006 Copa Libertadores, but lost 4–3 on aggregate to Brazilian rivals Internacional. However, they went on to win their fourth Campeonato Brasileiro trophy, becoming the first team to become national champions in the new league system format. After being eliminated from the Copa Libertadores in 2007, São Paulo won the Brazilian title for the second year in a row, fifteen points ahead of second-placed Santos. They won the title for the third season running in 2008 season, overturning an 11-point deficit behind Grêmio, to become the first team win the national title six times. Manager Muricy Ramalho was also the first manager to win three Brazilian titles in a row with the same team. Ramalho was fired from the manager post following a defeat in the home leg of the 2009 Copa Libertadores to Cruzeiro, São Paulo's fourth consecutive Libertadores Cup elimination to another Brazilian. Ricardo Gomes took over as manager. In 2010 São Paulo lost again against Internacional in the 2010 Libertadores Cup, ending Ricardo Gomes's spell as manager. In 2011, the club signed Rivaldo and purchased Luís Fabiano for a club-record €7.6 million from Sevilla. Goalkeeper Rogério Ceni, meanwhile, scored his 100th career goal, against Corinthians. In research conducted by Brazilian sports website GloboEsporte.com, São Paulo, during the eight years between 2003 and 2011, were just the second Brazilian club to earn more money than losses in the transfer market – Tricolor paulista received R$287 million, behind only Internacional, which earned R$289 million. For the 2013 season, after seven years wearing kits produced by Reebok, São Paulo signed with Brazilian brand Penalty. The contract was valid until 2015 and the club earned R$35 million per year. This contract was the second-most lucrative kit deal in Brazil, just exceeded by Flamengo and Adidas' deal of R$38 million. In May 2015, São Paulo presented its new kits, made by Under Armour. When Club Athletico Paulistano and Associação Atlética das Palmeiras merged, their colours (red and white for Paulistano and black and white for Palmeiras) were inherited by São Paulo. The colours match those of São Paulo's state flag, and also represent the three main races that lived in Brazil during that period: the Native Americans (represented by the red), the Europeans (represented by the white) and the Africans (represented by the black). The club's home strip is a white shirt, with two horizontal stripes at chest level, the upper one red and the lower one black, and with a badge in the centre of the chest. The shorts and socks are all-white. The away strip consists of a red shirt with red, black and white vertical stripes, black shorts and socks. The badge consists of a shield with a black rectangle in the upper section bearing the initials SPFC in white. Below the rectangle is a red, white and black triangle. The badge also has five stars, two gold and three red ones. The gold ones denote Adhemar Ferreira da Silva's world and Olympic records and the red ones represents the three world championships won by São Paulo. São Paulo's stadium is officially named Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo (Cicero Pompeu de Toledo Stadium) and commonly known by the nickname Estádio do Morumbi (Morumbi Stadium). It was inaugurated in 1960, with a maximum sitting capacity of 120,000 people, but now its maximum capacity is only 67,052 seats. Its record attendance for a football match, set in 1977, is 146,082. The club also owns two training grounds, one named Centro de Treinamento Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen (Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen Training Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) da Barra Funda (Barra Funda's Training Center), which is used mostly by the professional team. The other is the Centro de Formação de Atletas Presidente Laudo Natel (President Laudo Natel Athletes Formation Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) de Cotia (Cotia's Training Center), which is used by the youth teams. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Last updated: 28 April 2015Source: São Paulo Futebol Clube This fixture is nicknamed the ""Choque Rei"", and has seen 103 wins by São Paulo, 99 wins by Palmeiras and 99 draws. Also known as ""San-São"", this fixture was first played in 1936. Since then, São Paulo have won it 114 times, Santos 92, and there have been 62 draws. The game between these clubs is also known as ""Majestoso"", a name coined by Thomas Mazzoni. The first ""Majestoso"" occurred on 25 May 1930. The fixture has seen 79 wins for São Paulo, 88 wins for Corinthians and 84 draws. São Paulo's average attendances per year in Brazilian Championship: São Paulo's average attendances per year in Copa Libertadores:,  São Paulo FC  2018-12-31T11:08:31Z  São Paulo Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: ), simply known as São Paulo, is a professional football club, based in São Paulo, Brazil. The club plays in the Paulistão (the State of São Paulo's premier state league), as well as the Brasileirão (the top tier of the Brazilian football league system). As for international titles, SPFC is the most successful team from Brazil, with 12 international titles. It is also one of the most successful South American clubs in terms of overall titles, having won 21 state titles, six Brasileirão titles, three Copa Libertadores titles, one Copa Sudamericana, one Supercopa Libertadores, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL, two Recopa Sudamericanas, and three FIFA Club World Cup. Founded in 1930, São Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil's leading football clubs. The club's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s, under coach Telê Santana, when it won three state titles, one national championship, two Copa Libertadores, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL. São Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil, with over 16 million supporters. The team's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), white shorts and white socks. Its home ground is the 67,052-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo, where it has played since 1947. The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2006. São Paulo is the second richest Brazilian football club in terms of revenue, with an annual revenue of $111.9m (€78.2m), and the second nation's most valuable club, worth over $353.4m (€246.9m) in 2011. São Paulo FC was founded on 25 January 1930 by 60 former officials, players, members and friends of the football clubs CA Paulistano and AA das Palmeiras of São Paulo. Paulistano, founded in 1900 and thus one of the oldest clubs in town and 11-time champions of São Paulo, abandoned football due to the professionalization of the sport. Palmeiras, founded in 1902 and three-time champions of São Paulo, intended after the end of the season 1929 to set up a professional team, but failed to do so. Paulistano brought into the union star players like Arthur Friedenreich and Araken Patuska. Palmeiras' contribution was the stadium Estádio da Floresta, generally known as Chácara da Floresta. The jerseys of the new club were derived from the ones of Palmeiras, which were white and sported a black ring across the chest. To the black-and-white of Palmeiras was added the red-and-white of Paulistano, thus, the ring became red, white and black. The team, coached by former Paulistano star player Rubens Salles, played its first match on 16 March 1930, when it drew 0–0 against CA Ypiranga. The side became in the same year runner up of the State Championship and won it in 1931, losing only one match of 26 and scoring 92 goals in the process. In the following three years São Paulo FC was again runner up in the championship. In 1933, football in São Paulo became officially professional and the friendly match on 12 March 1933, which São Paulo won 5–1 against Santos FC is considered the opener of that era. Internal arguments and turmoil led to financial problems. The club merged with Clube de Regatas Tietê, another sports club from the town, and the football department was disbanded on 14 May 1935. Just after the merger with Tietê, the founders and re-founders created the Grêmio Tricolor, which formed Clube Atlético São Paulo on 4 June 1935, and, finally, São Paulo Futebol Clube on 16 December of the same year. The new club's first game was against Portuguesa Santista on 25 January 1936. The match was almost cancelled, owing to the city's anniversary, but Porphyrio da Paz, the football director and composer of the club's anthem, obtained permission from the Board of Education Office for the game to continue. Another merger occurred in 1938, this time with Clube Atlético Estudantes Paulista, from the neighborhood of Moóca, and the club finished as runners-up in the Campeonato Paulista. In 1940, when the Estádio do Pacaembu was inaugurated, a new era began in São Paulo state football. São Paulo Futebol Clube finished as runners-up once again in the Campeonato Paulista in 1941, and a year later the club paid 200 and a year later the club paid 200 contos de réis (equivalent to approximately R$162,000 today) to acquire Leônidas from Flamengo. During this period, São Paulo also acquired the Argentinian António Sastre and Brazilians Noronha, José Carlos Bauer, Zezé Procópio, Luizinho, Rui and Teixeirinha. With these new additions, Tricolor became known as the Steam Roller, winning the Paulista championship five times, in 1943, 1945, 1946, 1948 and 1949. The club sold its Canindé training ground to Portuguesa to raise money for their new stadium the Estádio do Morumbi, for which construction began in 1952. The run of success of the 1940s, came to an end in the early 1950s, and the club only won two state championships in the new decade, in 1953 and 1957. The latter championship was won with the help of the 35-year-old Brazilian international Zizinho and Hungarian manager Béla Guttmann both of them becoming idols. In the years that followed, the club struggled to compete with the rise of Pelé and his club, Santos. With the construction of the Morumbi stadium still ongoing, São Paulo entered its longest period without a title in its history, which was to last 13 years. Since São Paulo's budget planning was focused on the Estádio do Morumbi construction rather than the signing of new players, few expensive players were bought during the 1960s, although the club did acquire Brazilian internationals Roberto Dias and Jurandir. In 1960, the Estádio do Morumbi was inaugurated, named after the late Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, the club's chairman during most of the stadium construction. One of the few happy moments for the fans during this period was the 1963 Paulista Championship 4–1 victory against Pelé's Santos. In 1970, the Estádio do Morumbi was finally completed and the club purchased Gérson from Botafogo, Uruguayan midfielder Pedro Rocha from Peñarol and striker Toninho Guerreiro from Santos. The club was managed by Zezé Moreira, who was the manager of Brazil at the World Cup in 1954, and won the Paulista Championship after beating Guarani 2–1 in the Campinas a week before the end of the competition. In 1971, the club beat Palmeiras 1–0 with a goal from Toninho Guerreiro in the final to capture another state title. That year saw the inaugural Campeonato Brasileiro, with the club finishing as runners-up to Atlético Mineiro, managed by Telê Santana. In the following years, São Paulo and Palmeiras gradually overtook Pelé's Santos and Corinthians as the dominant club sides in São Paulo state. In 1972, Palmeiras won the state championship title, only one point ahead of São Paulo, and the following year the clubs finished in the same positions in the Brazilian Championship. In 1974, São Paulo took part in the Copa Libertadores losing in the final to Independiente in a replay. In 1975, former goalkeeper José Poy took over as manager, and São Paulo won the Paulista Championship after defeating Portuguesa in a penalty shoot-out. Valdir Peres, Chicão, Serginho Chulapa and Zé Sérgio were the club's most influential players when São Paulo finally secured the Brazilian Championship for the first time in 1977 following a penalty shoot-out victory over Atlético Mineiro at the Mineirão. However, they failed to win another trophy until the reclaimed the Paulista Championship in 1980. In the 1980s, São Paulo won four Paulista and one Brazilian titles, helped by the impressive central defensive pair of Oscar and Dario Pereyra. 1980 and 1981, the club won the Paulista Championship in successive seasons for the first time since the 1940s. In 1985, the head coach Cilinho introduced to the world the Menudos of Morumbi, a team that included Paulo Silas, Müller and Sidney, and the club once again won the Paulista Championship. The main striker was Careca, a centre-forward who also played for Brazil in the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The midfield featured Falcão, brought in from Italian club Roma and becoming a big part in winning the Campeonato Paulista in 1985. In 1986, manager Pepe led the club to its second Brazilian Championship title, defeating Guarani in a penalty shoot-out. In 1987, Dario Pereyra left the club, but in that year the Menudos team won its last title, another Paulista title. The so-called Tricolor Decade ended with the 1989 Paulista Championship title and a second-place finish in the Brazilian Championship, when São Paulo lost to Vasco da Gama in the final match. In 1990, after a poor start to the campaign in Championship Paulista, Telê Santana was hired as the club's coach, and São Paulo went on to finish runners-up in the Brazilian Championship. In 1991, Santana won his first title after winning the Paulista championship. In 1991, São Paulo won the Brazilian championship after beating Carlos Alberto Parreira's Bragantino, and the club began a period of consistent achievement both nationally and internationally. The following year they reached the Copa Libertadores final, where they faced Newell's Old Boys of Argentina. São Paulo lost the first leg 1–0, but reversed the scoreline in the second leg in Brazil, and then won the competition in the penalty shoot-out to take the title for the first time. In the same year, in Tokyo the club won its first Intercontinental Cup, beating Johan Cruyff's Barcelona 2–1. After returning to Brazil, the club beat Palmeiras 2–1 to win its 18th state championship title. In 1993, São Paulo retained the Copa Libertadores, beating Universidad Católica of Chile in the final. After the competition, influential midfielder Raí left the club, but São Paulo won the Intercontinental Cup again, beating Fabio Capello's Milan 3–2. Müller scored the winning goal in the 86th minute of the match, from an assist by Toninho Cerezo. In 1994, the club reached the final of the Copa Libertadores for the third year in a row, and faced Argentina's Vélez Sársfield. On this occasion they lost a penalty shoot-out to the Argentine side at the Morumbi stadium. But by the end of this year, São Paulo won the Copa CONMEBOL, defeating Peñarol of Uruguay in the final. At the beginning of 1996, owing to health issues, Telê Santana left São Paulo, ending the club's golden era. Between 1995 and 2004, the club had fourteen managers. Among the most notable titles during those ten years were the 2000 Paulista Championship and the club's first Rio-São Paulo Tournament title in 2001. Rogério Ceni, Júlio Baptista, Luís Fabiano and Kaká were the club's stars. Raí briefly returned to the club between 1998 and 2000, and with him, the club won the Paulista Championship twice, in 1998 and 2000, after beating Corinthians and Santos, respectively. In 2004 São Paulo were back in the Copa Libertadores and reached the semi-finals before being eliminated by underdogs Once Caldas from Colombia. At the end of that year, Émerson Leão was hired as the club's coach. In 2003, São Paulo made a deal with Spanish amateur side Santangelo Club Aficionado that resulted in the Spanish club changing its name to São Paulo Madrid. In 2005, with Leão as the club's manager, São Paulo won the Paulista Championship. Leão, however, would soon leave the club with Paulo Autuori, former manager of the Peru national team, hired to replace him. São Paulo won the Libertadores Cup for the third time, beating another Brazilian side, Atlético Paranaense, in the final. Atlético switched the first leg of the final to Estádio Beira-Rio, Porto Alegre, their own ground not having sufficient capacity for a final, and the match ended in a 1–1 draw. In the second leg, at the Morumbi, São Paulo won 4–0 to become the first Brazilian club to win three Copa Libertadores titles. In December 2005, São Paulo competed in the FIFA Club World Championship in Japan. After beating Saudi Arabia's Al-Ittihad 3–2, they faced European champions Liverpool in the final. A 1–0 victory over the English team gave São Paulo its third intercontinental title. The single goal was scored by Mineiro in the first half of the match. Other players in that year's squad included centre-back Diego Lugano, full-back Cicinho and forward Amoroso. After the success of the 2005 season, Paulo Autuori left the team to coach Kashima Antlers in the J. League. Muricy Ramalho was signed up as the new coach, having led Internacional to the runners-up position in the 2005 Brazilian Championship. In his first tournament as a manager, Ramalho reached second place in the Paulista Championship, losing to Santos by one point. São Paulo reached the final of the 2006 Copa Libertadores, but lost 4–3 on aggregate to Brazilian rivals Internacional. However, they went on to win their fourth Campeonato Brasileiro trophy, becoming the first team to become national champions in the new league system format. After being eliminated from the Copa Libertadores in 2007, São Paulo won the Brazilian title for the second year in a row, fifteen points ahead of second-placed Santos. They won the title for the third season running in 2008 season, overturning an 11-point deficit behind Grêmio, to win the national title a sixth time. Manager Muricy Ramalho was the first manager to win three Brazilian titles in a row with the same team. Ramalho was fired from the manager post following a defeat in the home leg of the 2009 Copa Libertadores to Cruzeiro, São Paulo's fourth consecutive Libertadores Cup elimination to another Brazilian. Ricardo Gomes took over as manager. In 2010 São Paulo lost again against Internacional in the 2010 Libertadores Cup, ending Ricardo Gomes's spell as manager. In 2011, the club signed Rivaldo and purchased Luís Fabiano for a club-record €7.6 million from Sevilla. Goalkeeper Rogério Ceni, meanwhile, scored his 100th career goal, against Corinthians. In research conducted by Brazilian sports website GloboEsporte.com, São Paulo, during the eight years between 2003 and 2011, were just the second Brazilian club to earn more money than losses in the transfer market – Tricolor paulista received R$287 million, behind only Internacional, which earned R$289 million. For the 2013 season, after seven years wearing kits produced by Reebok, São Paulo signed with Brazilian brand Penalty. The contract was valid until 2015 and the club earned R$35 million per year. This contract was the second-most lucrative kit deal in Brazil, just exceeded by Flamengo and Adidas' deal of R$38 million. In May 2015, São Paulo presented its new kits, made by Under Armour. When Club Athletico Paulistano and Associação Atlética das Palmeiras merged, their colours (red and white for Paulistano and black and white for Palmeiras) were inherited by São Paulo. The colours match those of São Paulo's state flag, and also represent the three main races that lived in Brazil during that period: the Native Americans (represented by the red), the Europeans (represented by the white) and the Africans (represented by the black). The club's home strip is a white shirt, with two horizontal stripes at chest level, the upper one red and the lower one black, and with a badge in the centre of the chest. The shorts and socks are all-white. The away strip consists of a red shirt with red, black and white vertical stripes, black shorts and socks. The badge consists of a shield with a black rectangle in the upper section bearing the initials SPFC in white. Below the rectangle is a red, white and black triangle. The badge also has five stars, two gold and three red ones. The gold ones denote Adhemar Ferreira da Silva's world and Olympic records and the red ones represents the three world championships won by São Paulo. São Paulo's stadium is officially named Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo (Cicero Pompeu de Toledo Stadium) and commonly known by the nickname Estádio do Morumbi (Morumbi Stadium). It was inaugurated in 1960, with a maximum sitting capacity of 120,000 people, but now its maximum capacity is only 67,011 seats. Its record attendance for a football match, set in 1977, is 146,082. The club also owns two training grounds, one named Centro de Treinamento Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen (Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen Training Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) da Barra Funda (Barra Funda's Training Center), which is used mostly by the professional team. The other is the Centro de Formação de Atletas Presidente Laudo Natel (President Laudo Natel Athletes Formation Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) de Cotia (Cotia's Training Center), which is used by the youth teams. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Last updated: 17 April 2018Source: São Paulo Futebol Clube The game between these clubs is also known as ""Majestoso"", a name coined by Thomas Mazzoni. The first ""Majestoso"" occurred on 25 May 1930. The fixture has seen 79 wins for São Paulo, 88 wins for Corinthians and 84 draws. This fixture is nicknamed the ""Choque Rei"", and has seen 103 wins by São Paulo, 99 wins by Palmeiras and 99 draws. Also known as ""San-São"", this fixture was first played in 1936. Since then, São Paulo have won it 114 times, Santos 92, and there have been 62 draws. São Paulo's average attendances per year in Brazilian Championship: São Paulo's average attendances per year in Copa Libertadores:",1
Martin Clunes,"Martin Clunes  2016-01-02T18:18:26Z  Alexander Martin Clunes, OBE (born 28 November 1961) is a British actor, best known for portraying Martin Ellingham in the ITV drama series Doc Martin and Gary Strang in Men Behaving Badly. Clunes has narrated a number of documentaries for ITV, the first of which was Islands of Britain in 2009. He has since presented a number of documentaries centred on animals. Clunes was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to drama, charity and the community. Clunes was educated at the Royal Russell School in Croydon, London and later at the Arts Educational School. He is the son of classical actor Alec Clunes, who died of lung cancer when Clunes was eight years old. He has an older sister Amanda. He is a cousin of the late actor Jeremy Brett. Clunes served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance came in the 1983 Doctor Who story Snakedance. But a sporadic career led to his supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of the sitcom All at No 20. While Clunes was appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him; the acquaintanceship developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows (most notably one of the Rugby Players). Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, bringing Clunes his best-known role to date and for which he won a BAFTA television award for Best Comedy Performance in 1996. He played the part of Group Captain Barker in the 2-part TV mini-series Over Here that same year. In 1993, he played Dick Dobson in Demob about a pair of demobilized soldiers who had to adjust to civilian life after entertaining World War II troops with a raunchy cabaret act. Since 1994, Clunes has frequently appeared on the BBC One panel show Have I Got News for You as a panelist or a guest presenter. Clunes has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening with Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the Oscar-winning film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. In 2001, he played Captain Stickles in the BBC adaptation of R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. In 2002, Clunes played serial killer John George Haigh in a Yorkshire TV production A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV comedy-drama William and Mary, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). Since 2004, Clunes has played the lead role of Doctor Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin. In August 2007, Clunes starred in the ITV/TVNZ co-production The Man Who Lost His Head. Clunes is a regular voice over artist and is the voice of Kipper in the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. For six years (1993-1999) he also did voice acting for Safeway adverts; he provided the voice of Harry in Safeway's 'When Harry Met Molly' advertising campaign during said years. Clunes appeared in a television dramatisation of Fungus the Bogeyman playing Jessica White's father. Between 2009 and 2010, Clunes starred on BBC One television in the title role of Reggie Perrin, a re-make of classic 1970s British situation comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. In 2015, Martin played the role of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the ITV mini-series Arthur & George. Clunes played Brock in the 1990 film The Russia House. He played Richard Burbage in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love, and Anthony Staxton-Billing in Sweet Revenge the same year. In 2000, Clunes played the role of Dr. Martin Bamford in the film Saving Grace. The following year (2001), he played James Chancellor in Global Heresy. In 2011, Clunes voiced the mischievous dog Dudley in the short film Me or the Dog, starring Edward Hogg and directed by Abner Pastoll. Clunes then starred in the 2014 film Nativity 3: Dude, Where's My Donkey? . In 2008, Clunes presented Martin Clunes: A Man and his Dogs, which was aired on 24 August 2008. In 2009, Clunes presented a three-part ITV series Islands of Britain, which saw him travelling around several of the country's lesser known islands. In 2010, Clunes presented ITV mini-series Horsepower about man's relationship over time with the horse. This was followed by Heavy Horsepower which aired in 2013. In January 2011, Clunes presented documentary Martin Clunes: Man to Manta. In June 2012, Clunes presented a documentary series on ITV about the lemurs of Madagascar called Martin Clunes: The Lemurs of Madagascar. On 31 January 2013, Clunes narrated ITV documentary Secret Life of Dogs. Then, on 2 and 3 June 2014, he narrated two more follow-up documentaries, Secret Life of Cats and Secret Life of Babies. On 4 April 2014, Clunes hosted a one-off ITV documentary called Martin Clunes & A Lion Called Mugie, following the work of conservationists in Kenya as well as tracking the progress of a lion called Mugie. The documentary was filmed over a period of three years. In August 2014, Clunes narrated ITV's three-part documentary series Kids with Cameras: Diary of a Children's Ward which saw Newcastle's children's ward through the eyes of its patients. On 3 December 2013, it was announced that Clunes will narrate a three-part documentary series called Islands of Oz, to be filmed in Australia in 2014, for Australia's Seven Network. Production company, Prospero Productions, explained that the series ""follows acclaimed actor and comedian Martin Clunes as he explores the most diverse, intriguing, remote and spectacular islands that surround Australia"". In April 2015, Clunes narrated Carry on Forever, a three part documentary series for ITV3. It was shown over the Easter weekend. In May 2015, Clunes presented Man & Beast with Martin Clunes, a two-part factual series for ITV, which looked at the relationship between humans and animals. BAFTA Award for Best Comedy Performance (1996) Clunes' first marriage was to actress Lucy Aston in 1990. They divorced in 1997 and Clunes married future Doc Martin producer Philippa Braithwaite late that year. In 1999, Braithwaite gave birth to their daughter Emily. Clunes lives with his family in Beaminster, Dorset where they run a farm with heavy horses. He became President of the British Horse Society on 1 June 2011. Clunes supports Weldmar Hospicecare Trust in Dorset. The Buckham Fair is organised in support of the charity. In January 2011, Clunes also became Patron of Animal Care in Egypt. He enjoys the music of Frank Zappa, as stated on his episode of Desert Island Discs, wherein one of his selections was ""Doreen"" from Zappa's album You Are What You Is. A sponsor of numerous charities, Clunes made a short on-line film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. He is also a patron of the Born Free Foundation and has filmed several adverts for the wildlife charity. He has been involved in the Comic Relief charity which funds Survival International and African Initiatives, two organisations working with the Maasai on indigenous land rights issues. Clunes is also a celebrity supporter of The Dog Rescue Federation. ,  Martin Clunes  2017-12-28T12:09:32Z  Alexander Martin Clunes, OBE (born 28 November 1961) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying Martin Ellingham in the ITV drama series Doc Martin and Gary Strang in Men Behaving Badly. Clunes has narrated a number of documentaries for ITV, the first of which was Islands of Britain in 2009. He has since presented a number of documentaries centred on animals. He has also voiced Kipper the Dog in the animated series, Kipper. Clunes was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to drama, charity and the community. Clunes was educated at the Royal Russell School in Croydon, London and later at the Arts Educational School. He is the son of classical actor Alec Clunes, who died of lung cancer when Clunes was eight years old. He has an older sister Amanda. He is a nephew of the actor Jeremy Brett. Clunes served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance came in the 1983 Doctor Who story Snakedance. But a sporadic career led to his supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of the sitcom All at No 20. While Clunes was appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him; the acquaintanceship developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows (most notably one of the Rugby Players). Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, bringing Clunes his best-known role to date and for which he won a BAFTA television award for Best Comedy Performance in 1996. He played the part of Group Captain Barker in the 2-part TV mini-series Over Here that same year. In 1993, he played Dick Dobson in Demob about a pair of demobilized soldiers who have to adjust to civilian life after entertaining World War II troops with a raunchy cabaret act. Since 1994, Clunes has frequently appeared on the BBC One panel show Have I Got News for You as a panelist or a guest presenter. Clunes has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening with Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the Oscar-winning film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. In 2001, he played Captain Stickles in the BBC adaptation of R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. In 2002, Clunes played serial killer John George Haigh in a Yorkshire TV production A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV comedy-drama William and Mary, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). Since 2004, Clunes has played the lead role of Doctor Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin. In August 2007, Clunes starred in the ITV/TVNZ co-production The Man Who Lost His Head. Clunes is a regular voice over artist and is the voice of Kipper in the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. For six years (1993–1999) he also did voice acting for Safeway adverts; he provided the voice of Harry in Safeway's 'When Harry Met Molly' advertising campaign during said years. Clunes appeared in a television dramatisation of Fungus the Bogeyman playing Jessica White's father. Between 2009 and 2010, Clunes starred on BBC One television in the title role of Reggie Perrin, a re-make of classic 1970s British situation comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. In 2015, Martin played the role of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the ITV mini-series Arthur & George. In 2018, Clunes will play the role of DCI Colin Sutton in the ITV drama Manhunt. Clunes played Brock in the 1990 film The Russia House. He played Richard Burbage in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love, and Anthony Staxton-Billing in Sweet Revenge the same year. In 2000, Clunes played the role of Dr. Martin Bamford in the film Saving Grace, and the follow up to that film Doc Martin the following year (2001), he played James Chancellor in Global Heresy. In 2011, Clunes voiced the mischievous dog Dudley in the short film Me or the Dog, starring Edward Hogg and directed by Abner Pastoll. Clunes then starred in the 2014 film Nativity 3: Dude, Where's My Donkey? . In 2008, Clunes presented Martin Clunes: A Man and his Dogs, which was aired on 24 August 2008. In 2009, Clunes presented a three-part ITV series Islands of Britain, which saw him travelling around several of the country's lesser known islands. In 2010, Clunes presented ITV mini-series Horsepower about man's relationship over time with the horse. This was followed by Heavy Horsepower which aired in 2013. In January 2011, Clunes presented documentary Martin Clunes: Man to Manta. In June 2012, Clunes presented a documentary series on ITV about the lemurs of Madagascar called Martin Clunes: The Lemurs of Madagascar. On 31 January 2013, Clunes narrated ITV documentary Secret Life of Dogs. Then, on 2 and 3 June 2014, he narrated two more follow-up documentaries, Secret Life of Cats and Secret Life of Babies. On 4 April 2014, Clunes hosted a one-off ITV documentary called Martin Clunes & A Lion Called Mugie, following the work of conservationists in Kenya as well as tracking the progress of a lion called Mugie. The documentary was filmed over a period of three years. In August 2014, Clunes narrated ITV's three-part documentary series Kids with Cameras: Diary of a Children's Ward which saw Newcastle's children's ward through the eyes of its patients. On 3 December 2013, it was announced that Clunes will narrate a three-part documentary series called Islands of Oz, to be filmed in Australia in 2014, for Australia's Seven Network. Production company, Prospero Productions, explained that the series ""follows acclaimed actor and comedian Martin Clunes as he explores the most diverse, intriguing, remote and spectacular islands that surround Australia"". In April 2015, Clunes narrated Carry on Forever, a three part documentary series for ITV3. It was shown over the Easter weekend. In May 2015, Clunes presented Man & Beast with Martin Clunes, a two-part factual series for ITV, which looked at the relationship between humans and animals. In 2016, he narrated Rising Damp Forever, a two-part documentary series for ITV3. He also voiced ITV programmes Secrets of Growing Old, Secrets of Growing Up and Britain's Favourite Dogs. Clunes' first marriage was to actress Lucy Aston in 1990. They divorced in 1997 and Clunes married future Doc Martin producer Philippa Braithwaite late that year. In 1998, Braithwaite gave birth to their daughter Emily. Clunes lives with his family in Beaminster, Dorset where they run a farm with heavy horses. He became president of the British Horse Society on 1 June 2011. Clunes enjoys the music of Frank Zappa, as stated on his episode of Desert Island Discs, wherein one of his selections was ""Doreen"" from Zappa's album You Are What You Is. Clunes is an avid supporter of EFL Championship club Queens Park Rangers A sponsor of numerous charities, Clunes made a short on-line film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. Clunes supports Weldmar Hospicecare Trust in Dorset. The Buckham Fair is organised in support of the charity. In January 2011, Clunes became patron of Animal Care in Egypt. Clunes is also a patron of the Born Free Foundation and has filmed several adverts for the wildlife charity. He has been involved in the Comic Relief charity which funds Survival International and African Initiatives, two organisations working with the Maasai on indigenous land rights issues. Clunes is also a celebrity supporter of The Dog Rescue Federation. BAFTA Award for Best Comedy Performance (1996)",1
The_Golden_Gate_(MacLean_novel),"The_Golden_Gate_(MacLean_novel)  2010-01-07T17:29:21Z   The Golden Gate is a novel written by the Scottish author Alistair MacLean. It was first released in the United Kingdom by Collins in 1976 and later in the same year by Doubleday in the United States. A team of criminals led by mastermind Peter Branson kidnaps the President of the United States and his two guests from the Middle East, a prince and a king, on San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, in a masterfully conceived and clockwork-timed operation. Branson and his men block off both ends of the bridge, wire it with explosives, and demand half a billion dollars and (adding insult to injury) a full pardon for themselves. Any rescue attempts will result in the detonation of the explosives, which will kill the President (and his guests) and destroy the Golden Gate Bridge. However, Branson is an egomaniac, and he cannot resist attention from the media. So he invites the press to stay on the bridge and cover the story. Aware that the FBI will have placed agents among them, he takes the precaution of searching them and removing the armed ones. However, Hagenbach (the FBI's dour but extremely adept head agent) has an ace in the hole: a hand-picked special agent, Paul Revson, who was equipped with only a camera. Allowed to remain on the bridge, Revson sets out to foil Branson's plans and rescue the President. With the help of a doctor and a female journalist, Revson gets a message to his superiors, suggesting various courses of action: supplying drugged food to the terrorists, placing a submarine under the bridge, and trying to neutralize the terrorists' equipment with a laser beam. He also arranges for several carefully disguised weapons and gadgets to be smuggled to him. Working on both ends, Revson, Hagenbach, and those working with them unleash their own carefully conceived plans. This article about a thriller novel is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page. ,  The_Golden_Gate_(MacLean_novel)  2012-12-04T22:45:45Z   The Golden Gate is a novel written by the Scottish author Alistair MacLean. It was first released in the United Kingdom by Collins in 1976 and later in the same year by Doubleday in the United States. A team of criminals led by mastermind Peter Branson kidnaps the President of the United States and his two guests from the Middle East, a prince and a king, on San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, in a masterfully conceived and clockwork-timed operation. Branson and his men block off both ends of the bridge, wire it with explosives, and demand half a billion dollars and (adding insult to injury) a full pardon for themselves. Any rescue attempts will result in the detonation of the explosives, which will kill the President (and his guests) and destroy the Golden Gate Bridge. However, Branson is an egomaniac, and he cannot resist attention from the media. So he invites the press to stay on the bridge and cover the story. Aware that the FBI will have placed agents among them, he takes the precaution of searching them and removing the armed ones. However, Hagenbach (the FBI's dour but extremely adept head agent) has an ace in the hole: a hand-picked special agent, Paul Revson, who was equipped with only a camera. Allowed to remain on the bridge, Revson sets out to foil Branson's plans and rescue the President. With the help of a doctor and a female journalist, Revson gets a message to his superiors, suggesting various courses of action: supplying drugged food to the terrorists, placing a submarine under the bridge, and trying to neutralize the terrorists' equipment with a laser beam. He also arranges for several carefully disguised weapons and gadgets to be smuggled to him. Working on both ends, Revson, Hagenbach, and those working with them unleash their own carefully conceived plans. This article about a thriller novel is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.",0
Evans_Lake_(British_Columbia),"Evans_Lake_(British_Columbia)  2008-08-20T20:51:32Z   Evans Lake is a small lake of angular shape about 1. 3 kilometers around up on the rise between the Cheakamus and Squamish Rivers in British Columbia, Canada. Locally referred to as 'Paradise Valley' the 604-acre (2. 44 km2) site has been home to youth camps since 1959. For decades the Evans Lake was used primarily by the Junior Forest Wardens of BC. Later, the BC Forestry Association ran summer camps for children ages 8-14. The support of the Vancouver Hoo Hoo Club, along with many private contributions and countless volunteers over the years have kept this beautiful corner of paradise accessible to kids from all walks of life. The summer program is a combination of ecology based educational time and structured and unstructured leisure time. During the school year, the Evans Lake Forest Education Center offers schools, community groups, businesses and private parties an opportunity to discover the Evans Lake forest and camp independently or with a program akin to one offered during the summer. Evans Lake is known and remembered as a magical place for so many who have visited over nearly the past 50 years, and it is important that it kept this way. Please, if you are interested in visiting Evans Lake, be sure to contact the ELFES or Camp Director. 49°49′00″N 123°10′00″W / 49. 81667°N 123. 16667°W / 49. 81667; -123. 16667 This article about a location on the Coast of British Columbia, Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Evans_Lake_(British_Columbia)  2010-04-22T18:33:15Z   Evans Lake is a small, roughly triangular lake having a perimeter of about 1. 3 kilometers, on the rise between the Cheakamus and Squamish Rivers in British Columbia, Canada. Locally referred to as 'Paradise Valley' the 604-acre (2. 44 km2) site has been home to youth camps since 1959. For decades Evans Lake was used primarily by the Junior Forest Wardens of BC. Later, the BC Forestry Association ran summer camps for children. The summer program is a combination of ecology-based educational time and structured and unstructured leisure time. During the school year, the Evans Lake Forest Education Center offers schools, community groups, businesses and private parties independent and program-based activities at Evans Lake forest and camp. This article about a location on the Coast of British Columbia, Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Damjan Đoković,"Damjan Đoković  2011-07-28T03:07:44Z  Damjan Djokovic (born 18 April 1990) is a Croatian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Monza in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione. ,  Damjan Đoković  2012-11-13T10:13:36Z  Damjan Đoković (born 18 April 1990) is a Dutch footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Cesena. Đoković was signed by HNK Gorica in 2010. Đoković joined Monza in January 2011. On 31 August 2011 he was signed by A.C. Cesena. Cesena squad",1
Mano_machine,"Mano_machine  2007-11-14T22:24:11Z   The Mano machine is a theoretical computer described by M. Morris Mano. It contains a central processing unit, random access memory, and an input-output bus. Its limited instruction set and small address space limit it to purely academic consideration. The Mano machine has a 4096x16 memory segment requiring a 12-bit address bus. The data bus is 16 bits. There are 8-bit input/output buses for external communication, and associated interrupt flags. There are 25 instructions categorized as direct or indirect memory-referencing operations, register-referencing operations, and input/output and interrupt operations. All instructions and their operations are one 16-bit word long, so memory-referencing instructions contain four bits of op code and twelve address bits. The machine specifications include a finite state machine that determines the processor's micro-operations. The canonical implementation of the state machine is an excellent candidate for reduction, and can also be re-implemented as a pipelined processor. Mano, M. Morris. (1993). ""Computer System Architecture"", 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc. ,  Mano_machine  2008-03-12T21:48:42Z   The Mano machine is a theoretical computer described by M. Morris Mano. It contains a central processing unit, random access memory, and an input-output bus. Its limited instruction set and small address space limit it to purely academic consideration. The Mano machine is similar in many respects to the PDP-8, such as the same address space, only one accumulator register, and many similar instructions. The Mano machine has a 4096x16 shared data/program memory segment requiring a 12-bit address bus. The data bus is 16 bits. There are 8-bit input/output buses for external communication, and associated interrupt flags. There is one 16-bit accumulator register, and single-bit registers (latches) for addition carry and system halt. There are 25 instructions categorized as direct or indirect memory-referencing operations, register-referencing operations, and input/output and interrupt operations. All instructions and their operations are one 16-bit word long, so memory-referencing instructions contain four bits of op code and twelve address bits. The machine specifications include a finite state machine that determines the processor's micro-operations. The canonical implementation of the state machine is an excellent candidate for reduction, and can also be re-implemented as a pipelined processor. Mano, M. Morris (1992). Computer System Architecture (3rd ed.  ed. ). Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0131755633. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)",0
Jeff_Lantz,"Jeff_Lantz  2009-06-12T21:01:19Z   Jeffrey E. Lantz is a lawyer, judge and former Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island in the 2000 provincial election. Educated at the University of Prince Edward Island and University of New Brunswick, Lantz practiced law in Charlottetown for twelve years. Lantz also served as president of the Heart and Stroke Foundation. He represented the electoral district of Charlottetown-Rochford Square and was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. He served in the provincial cabinet as Attorney General, Minister of Education and Minister of Tourism. After leaving politics, he was named a provincial court judge. This article about a Prince Edward Island politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Jeff_Lantz  2011-12-29T17:50:30Z   Jeffrey E. Lantz is a lawyer, judge and former Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island in the 2000 provincial election. Educated at the University of Prince Edward Island and University of New Brunswick, Lantz practiced law in Charlottetown for twelve years. Lantz also served as president of the Heart and Stroke Foundation. He represented the electoral district of Charlottetown-Rochford Square and was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. He served in the provincial cabinet as Attorney General, Minister of Education and Minister of Tourism. After leaving politics, he was named a provincial court judge. Template:Persondata This article about a Prince Edward Island politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Widnes Vikings,"Widnes Vikings  2015-01-13T01:17:57Z  Widnes Vikings RLFC are an English professional rugby league club based in Widnes, Cheshire. They currently play in the First Utility Super League, the top tier of European rugby league and they play their home games at the Select Security Stadium. Widnes were one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league teams. Their traditional nickname is ""The Chemics"" after the main industry in Widnes, but the club also use their more modern nickname, ""The Vikings"". They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves and before the Super League era Widnes were one of the strongest teams in British rugby league. They were described the ""Cup Kings"" after going to Wembley nearly every year in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Championship, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions, by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30-18 at Old Trafford . However, hard times were to follow for the club and Widnes were left out of the inaugural Super League competition in 1995. The club eventually achieved promotion 7 years later, but Widnes' spell in the top league was cut short following relegation in 2005. Hampered by financial issues the club entered into Administration at the end of the 2007 season and was later purchased by Steve O'Connor, a local businessman, who had just sold his business to the Stobart Group. He invested heavily into his hometown club, they regained Superleague status in 2012. The Farnworth & Appleton Cricket Club was formed in 1871 and four years later the members decided to embrace the burgeoning football code. At their fourth annual evening party in the Drill Hall, Widnes, in November 1875, club Chairman Henry Lea ""gave a short account of the club since it commenced about four years ago, and indicated that they had now started a football club in connexion (sic) with it, and hoped all would join"". The first known game for the new Farnworth and Appleton FC was in Widnes in January 1876 played under rugby rules against Northwich Victoria. A few weeks later a return match was played at Drill Field, Northwich under soccer rules. Vics won both games. These are the only two known fixtures in that truncated first season. By May 1876 the club had changed its name to Widnes FC and the cricket side of the organisation had disbanded, presumably to concentrate on football activities. By the late 1870s the club was being referred to as ""The Chemicals""—subsequently shortened to 'The Chemics'. The first ground was on Albert Road behind what is now the Premier Wetherspoon's pub and a short spell followed in the Simms Cross area. From around 1878–84 the club were based at the junction of Millfield/Peelhouse Lane, apart from season 1880–81 when they played on the Widnes Cricket Club ground at Lowerhouse Lane. From 1884–95 they rented a field at Lowerhouse Lane before moving to their third separate site on that road in October 1895. The first ever game at what later became Naughton Park was against Liversedge on Saturday 12 October 1895. In 1895, Widnes were founder members of the Northern Union which broke away from the Rugby Football Union. Their first game was an away fixture against Runcorn which they lost 15–4. During the early years, the club often had to sell players to balance the books. The strength of junior rugby league in the area meant the club had a steady stream of new players to offset any losses. In 1902, the Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues were combined to form a second division, Widnes was added to the first division. In 1914, Arthur 'Chick' Johnson was capped for the Lions (captained by Harold Wagstaff) in the famous Rorke's Drift test, a match in which they overcame all the odds, and injuries to beat Australia with a depleted side of 10 against 13. He scored an extraordinary try to win the game, dribbling the ball from inside his own half. Widnes closed for the 1915-16 season but recommenced playing in 1916 following the introduction of conscription which meant that would not be accused of keeping men from volunteering for the First World War. Thirteen Widnes players were killed during the conflict. The club's first ever success came when they won the Lancashire League trophy in the 1919–20 season. However, the 1920s saw the club almost go to the wall. Local rivals Warrington donated their share of the traditional Easter and Christmas derby matches to keep Widnes afloat in 1927–28. In 1930, Widnes with 12 local-born players defied the odds to beat St Helens 10–3 to bring home the Challenge Cup. The Kingsway housing scheme threatened the loss of Widnes' ground. After several years of fundraising during the Great Depression of the 1930s, £3,250 was raised to save the ground. This came with a stipulation that the ground could be sold only to the local council at the original price. The newly named Naughton Park was opened in 1932. A major boost for the club was Widnes' first ever trip to the Challenge Cup final, staged at Wembley. Their opponents were St. Helens, Saints scored after 6 minutes to take a 3–0 lead, but Widnes hit back with a penalty try, a further try and a penalty to take a 10–3 half-time lead. A scoreless second half meant Widnes had won the cup. Widnes became the first club to make two trips to Wembley, with a loss to Hunslet in the 1934 cup final. In 1935–36, the team came close to being rugby league champions. Having finished third in the table, Widnes beat Liverpool 10–9 but lost to Hull, in the championship final. A third trip to Wembley came in 1937, with an 18–5 win over Keighley. The final was dubbed ""McCue's Match"" as the halfback played an important part in the win. Widnes dropped out of the wartime Lancashire league in 1940–41 and did not return to league competition until 1945–46. Tommy McCue led the club to its first ever Lancashire Cup win, with a 7–3 victory against Wigan in 1945. Back at Wembley in 1950, the team was beaten 19–0 by Warrington. During this period, the club reverted to selling its players to richer teams. Local man Vince Karalius joined Widnes from St. Helens in 1962 and was appointed club captain. In his first season, Widnes finished third in the Championship, which equalled the club's best league placing. In 1962, the league was split into East and West of the Pennines; Widnes and Workington Town met at Central Park, Wigan, in the first final of the Western Division Championship on Saturday 10 November 1962. With two minutes remaining, Lowdon dropped a goal to earn Workington a 9–9 draw. Later in the month Workington won the replay 10–0. The following season saw him lead his team to Wembley, where Widnes were Rugby League Challenge Cup winners after they defeated Hull Kingston Rovers 13–5. No team had ever played more games in reaching Wembley than Widnes in 1964. In the first round, two replays were necessary before beating Leigh. Liverpool City were beaten in the second round, then Widnes played Swinton in front of 19,000 at Naughton Park. A 5–5 draw meant another replay, which was a scoreless draw at Station Road. A second replay at Wigan was watched by 21,369 with Widnes winning 15–3. The semi-final against Castleford was drawn 7–7. A crowd of 28,732 spectators watched the replay, which Widnes won. A Wembley crowd of 84,488 saw Widnes win the Challenge Cup for the third time with a 13–5 victory over Hull KR. This was the Chemics first trophy success in eighteen years. The 1970s saw the first really outstanding Widnes team. A host of young local players developed into the ""Cup Kings"", a golden age for the club. The first cup-final was a loss in the 1971–72 Lancashire Cup. Six years after he retired from playing Vince Karalius returned to Widnes as coach; appointed in January 1972. The following two seasons, Widnes reached the finals of the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy. The first success came in the 1975 Lancashire Cup which Widnes won by beating Salford that season. They also won the 1975 Challenge Cup final 14–7 versus Warrington at Wembley. This was the first time in their history that Widnes had won two trophies in the same season. At his zenith, Karalius, stepped down once from his role as coach. He was replaced in May 1975 by Frank Myler. Widnes visited Wembley in the following two seasons, losing to St. Helens and then Leeds. However, this was made up for by victories in the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy. The season after this (1977–78) saw their first league championship. The team went through the season unbeaten at home in the league. There were also trips to the John Player and Premiership finals. Keith Elwell began his run of 242 consecutive appearances at Wembley in the 1976–77 Challenge Cup Final, including two as a substitute. He finished his run at Hull on 26 September 1982. This record for consecutive appearances for one club stands to this day. Doug Laughton took over the job of team coach when Frank Myler retired from the position in 1978. The 1978–79 season saw no less than four cups come to Widnes—the BBC2 floodlit trophy, Lancashire Cup, Premiership and a win at Wembley over Wakefield Trinity in front of a crowd of 93,218. Widnes also defeated the Ashes-winning 1978 Kangaroo tourists. The 1979–80 season saw Widnes beat Bradford Northern in the Premiership final, but come second to them in the league and John Player Trophy. The Lancashire Cup was won for the fifth time in the 1970s. The 1980s started with a Wembley win over Hull Kingston Rovers in 1980–81. The season after this, Widnes again returned to Wembley, to face Hull. Widnes led 14–6 with less than 20 minutes to go, but the game finished 14–14 and Hull won the replay 18–9 at Elland Road, Leeds. Widnes kept their record of winning a cup every season by defeating Hull 23–8 in the Premiership final. The next season saw Hull again beaten by Widnes in the Premiership final. Vince Karalius returned to the club in March 1983 as co-coach with Harry Dawson. Dawson quit as coach in March 1984 with Karalius continuing as team manager. Karalius led a strong Widnes side to the finals of the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy and another Wembley victory appearance 19–6 against Wigan. Doug Laughton returned to the club in January 1986 and began a series of signings of players from other league clubs and from rugby union. One such player was Martin Offiah, who in 1987–88 scored a club record 42 tries. The team went on to win the championship that season, clinching it with a 50-point win away over Hunslet. Widnes then beat St. Helens in the Premiership Final at Old Trafford, Manchester a game in which Alan Tait made his début. The 1988–89 season saw the club sign rugby union star Jonathan Davies from Llanelli for £225,000. Wigan were beaten in the Charity Shield but had their revenge in the Regal Trophy Final. The Championship came down to the last game of the season, a capacity crowd at Naughton Park saw Widnes beat Wigan 32–18 to win the title for the second year running. The Premiership was won again, with over 40,000 at Old Trafford to see Widnes beat Hull 18–10. The 1989–90 season saw Widnes play at Anfield, Liverpool beating Wigan 27–22. A trip to France to play Le Pontet saw Widnes chosen as the Northern Hemisphere representatives to meet Australia's Grand Final winners. Canberra took a 12–0 lead but were then swept aside as Widnes stormed home 30–18 to become the first official World Club Champions. However, financial problems riddled the club in the early 1990s. To balance the books, over 25 first team players were sold to other teams. This resulted in the club sinking to 12th in the division one table, avoiding relegation. Myler became coach of Widnes in May 1994. In August 1995 the club decided to bring back Doug Laughton for a third stint as team manager which resulted in Myler's sacking as coach. In 1996, the first tier of British rugby league clubs played the inaugural Super League season and changed from a winter to a summer season. When the RFL announced that a new 12-team Super League was to be formed a chaotic period ensued in which the club was out, then in, then out, then in merged with local rivals Warrington and then finally out again as they finished below the cut-off point of 10th in the existing top flight. The club adopted the name Widnes Vikings on 27 November 1996; the club had intended to adopt the moniker 'Warriors' by were asked to reconsider the RFL as Whitehaven were planning to adopt this moniker. Further player and coaching departures ensued and the club struggled in the new first division, the club's first ever finish in the relegation zone followed. They spent the next 5 years in the Northern Ford Premiership. Graeme West took over as coach after Doug Laughton's third stint, his reign lasted from May 1997 until August 1998. During this time, the playing arena was rebuilt and the old stands, terraces and facilities were demolished to be replaced with a state-of-the-art all-seater stadium and was also renamed from Naughton Park to the Halton Community Stadium. West was replaced as coach by Colin Whitfield. In 1999 Widnes narrowly missed out on a place in the Northern Ford Premiership Grand Final. The 2000 season was one of transition with head coach Colin Whitfield being sacked and replaced by David Hulme. A record attendance for the newly rebuilt stadium was set at 6,644 for a Northern Ford Premiership game against Leigh on Boxing Day 2000. Widnes finished off a poor season in 8th place in the NFP. Under new coach Neil Kelly, Widnes won promotion to Super League in 2001 after beating Oldham 24–12 in the Northern Ford Premiership Grand Final. Their début season in Super League was in 2002, and the Vikings surprised everyone by narrowly missing out on a play-off place, and finishing 7th. The following season saw them consolidate with a 9th place finish, and in 2004 they avoided relegation on the final day of the season, with Castleford's defeat to Wakefield Trinity saving Widnes' fate. Stuart Spruce was caretaker manager. Frank Endacott arrived at Widnes as coach in 2005, but could not improve on the previous seasons. With 2 teams being relegated in 2005, due to the inclusion of Catalans Dragons in Superleague from 2006, Widnes were relegated back down to the second tier of the English game (LHF National League 1). Widnes parted company with coach Frank Endacott, and new coach Steve McCormack rebuilt the squad, which notably included Australian full back David Peachey, who kept his word to join the club, despite its relegation. Stephen Vaughan completed a take-over of Widnes in 2006 and the club made it to the LHF National League Grand Final, but were beaten 29-16 by Hull KR at Warrington's Halliwell Jones Stadium. Stephen Vaughan quit as chairman of Widnes at the start of 2007 and stepped down from the club's board of directors, placing the clubs season into a 'boom or bust' scenario. Widnes won the 2007 Northern Rail Cup Final with a 54–6 victory over Whitehaven at Bloomfield Road stadium and went on to reach the National League Grand Final at the end of the season. They were beaten 42-10 by Castleford at Headingley and in the days that followed, Widnes had no option but to place themselves into voluntary administration. On 2 November 2007, Widnes were purchased by Steve O'Connor, a local business man who had just sold his haulage firm to the Stobart Group. Steve McCormack was re-appointed as Head Coach, and the club were re-admitted into National League 1. A nine-point deduction for going into administration was successfully neutralised through winning their first three games, and Widnes qualified for the National League One Playoffs by finishing in 6th place. A 32-16 defeat to third-placed Halifax however brought the nostalgic 2008 campaign to an end. Off the field, Widnes had applied for a Super League license for the 2009 season along with 18 other clubs. However, the club was not granted a license to play in Super League, with the financial history of the club coming under close scrutiny. In 2009 Widnes parted company with Steve McCormack and for a period John Stankevitch became caretaker manager. Paul Cullen was unveiled as McCormack's eventual successor and managed the club to victory in the seasons Northern Rail Cup Final, beating a strong Barrow Raiders side 34-18. In the following season, Widnes again reached the Northern Rail Cup Final but were beaten 25-24 by Batley Bulldogs. The club also reached the 2010 Co-operative Championship playoffs but were knocked out in the opening round by Barrow Raiders In 2011 Widnes were granted a Super League license for the 2012-14 seasons and Denis Betts was confirmed as the man who would coach the club. A flourish of new signings were announced and the pioneering 'Viking Stronghold' initiative moved from strength to strength. Widnes also installed a fourth generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known) during the off season, making them the first team in modern day rugby league to not play on a traditional grass pitch. Widnes' tenancy in the Co-operative Championship culminated in September 2011 with a fifth place league finish, and a first round playoff defeat of 36-20 by Sheffield Eagles at Bramall Lane. February 2012 saw Widnes' re-emergence into the top tier of rugby league, and they claimed their first two points against Wigan Warriors in a 37-36 win. The club managed to prove a number of critics wrong by gaining 12 points in total by the end of their first season back, but this was not enough to prevent the club from finishing at the bottom of the Super League table. The 2013 season saw a marked improvement on the field by Widnes, with the team finishing 10th in the Super League table and earning a total of 22 league points. The 2014 season proved to be the most successful season of the franchise, with the club finishing 8th in the Super League table on 27 points and subsequently qualifying for the end of season play-offs for the first time in their history. A 22-19 away defeat to the Warrington Wolves brought the curtain down on a season that can only be seen as a success for the Vikings, with a Challenge Cup Semi-Final appearance against the Castleford being the key highlight. However, it was also during the 2014 season that the club received the sad news that ""legendary supporter"" Pat Price had passed away and condolences for 'the first lady of Rugby League' were received from clubs and supporters throughout the sport. Widnes Rugby League Football Club had a number of grounds before settling at Lowerhouse Lane in 1895. The death of the club's secretary, Tom Naughton in 1932, led to the ground on Lowerhouse Lane being renamed Naughton Park as a gesture of the team's appreciation. Naughton Park became one of the best known Rugby League grounds in the country due to the success of the 'Chemics' in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s Halton Council in partnership with the Widnes agreed to build a new stadium on the existing site, which would provide a multi-purpose complex including a social club, conference facilities, recreational facilities and catering/function facilities and would be the new home venue for Widnes RLFC. The new stadium was officially opened on 2 November 1997 following the completion of phase 1 of a multi-million pound redevelopment and was renamed the Halton Community Stadium. On 29 January 1999 Halton Borough Council took over responsibility for the entire stadium, both financially and managerially. This was necessary as the joint venture companies arrangements were not performing as expected. The stadium reached completion with the opening of the East Stand in September 2005 and is an all-seater stadium which has a capacity of 13,500. It has also had the honour to have staged national finals and international fixtures. The stadium's name has changed a number of times due to sponsorship purposes, with the latest name being The Select Security Stadium. However a number of fans still refer to the ground as either Naughton Park or the Halton Stadium, due to the legacy that the names hold. In August 2011, the stadium turf was removed and replaced with a third generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known), in order to improve overall match performance and maximize the use of the clubs facilities. * Announced on 13 November 2014: Head coach Assistant coach Updated: 13 November 2014Source(s): 2015 Squad Numbers Gains Losses The Widnes Hall of Fame was instituted in 1992 with thirteen members. Any former Widnes player who was retired from playing was eligible. The thirteen players who make up the current Hall of Fame are: There have been occasional suggestions that the Hall of Fame might be expanded but so far the club has not taken this step. Some years ago the club organised a poll, via the local press, with a view to adding three more players but the response from the public was very poor and the highest polling players (Anthony ""Tony"" Myler, Kurt Sorensen and Stuart Wright) were not formally inducted. In more recent times, calls to make Gavin Dodd an honorary inductee to the Hall of Fame have been muted. ,  Widnes Vikings  2016-12-27T18:36:41Z  Widnes Vikings R.L.F.C. is an English professional rugby league club based in Widnes, Cheshire which currently plays in the Super League, the top tier of European rugby league. Prior to the 1997 season the club was known simply as Widnes and had a long history of success in the sport. The club plays its home matches at the Select Security Stadium. Widnes was one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league teams. The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 80s and early 90s, and were frequently described as ""Cup Kings"" reaching the Challenge Cup final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Championship, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30-18 at Old Trafford. Their traditional nickname is ""The Chemics"" after the main industry in Widnes, but the club also use their more modern nickname, ""The Vikings"". They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves, and matches between the two clubs are often prolific encounters The Farnworth & Appleton Cricket Club was formed in 1871 and four years later the members decided to embrace the burgeoning football code. At their fourth annual evening party in the Drill Hall, Widnes, in November 1875, club Chairman Henry Lea ""gave a short account of the club since it commenced about four years ago, and indicated that they had now started a football club in connexion (sic) with it, and hoped all would join"". The first known game for the new Farnworth and Appleton FC was in Widnes in January 1876 played under rugby rules against Northwich Victoria. A few weeks later a return match was played at Drill Field, Northwich under soccer rules. Vics won both games. These are the only two known fixtures in that truncated first season. By May 1876 the club had changed its name to Widnes FC and the cricket side of the organisation had disbanded, presumably to concentrate on football activities. By the late 1870s the club was being referred to as ""The Chemicals""—subsequently shortened to 'The Chemics'. The first ground was on Albert Road behind what is now the Premier Wetherspoon's pub and a short spell followed in the Simms Cross area. From around 1878–84 the club were based at the junction of Millfield/Peelhouse Lane, apart from season 1880–81 when they played on the Widnes Cricket Club ground at Lowerhouse Lane. From 1884–95 they rented a field at Lowerhouse Lane before moving to their third separate site on that road in October 1895. The first ever game at what later became Naughton Park was against Liversedge on Saturday 12 October 1895. In 1895, Widnes were founder members of the Northern Union which broke away from the Rugby Football Union. Their first game was an away fixture against Runcorn which they lost 15–4. During the early years, the club often had to sell players to balance the books. The strength of junior rugby league in the area meant the club had a steady stream of new players to offset any losses. In 1902, the Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues were combined to form a second division, Widnes was added to the first division. In 1914, Arthur 'Chick' Johnson was capped for the Lions (captained by Harold Wagstaff) in the famous Rorke's Drift test, a match in which they overcame all the odds, and injuries to beat Australia with a depleted side of 10 against 13. He scored an extraordinary try to win the game, dribbling the ball from inside his own half. Widnes closed for the 1915-16 season but recommenced playing in 1916 following the introduction of conscription which meant that would not be accused of keeping men from volunteering for the First World War. Thirteen Widnes players were killed during the conflict. The club's first ever success came when they won the Lancashire League trophy in the 1919–20 season. However, the 1920s saw the club almost go to the wall. Local rivals Warrington donated their share of the traditional Easter and Christmas derby matches to keep Widnes afloat in 1927–28. In 1930, Widnes with 12 local-born players defied the odds to beat St Helens 10–3 to bring home the Challenge Cup. The Kingsway housing scheme threatened the loss of Widnes' ground. After several years of fundraising during the Great Depression of the 1930s, £3,250 was raised to save the ground. This came with a stipulation that the ground could be sold only to the local council at the original price. The newly named Naughton Park was opened in 1932. A major boost for the club was Widnes' first ever trip to the Challenge Cup final, staged at Wembley. Their opponents were St. Helens, Saints scored after 6 minutes to take a 3–0 lead, but Widnes hit back with a penalty try, a further try and a penalty to take a 10–3 half-time lead. A scoreless second half meant Widnes had won the cup. Widnes became the first club to make two trips to Wembley, with a loss to Hunslet in the 1934 cup final. In 1935–36, the team came close to being rugby league champions. Having finished third in the table, Widnes beat Liverpool 10–9 but lost to Hull, in the championship final. A third trip to Wembley came in 1937, with an 18–5 win over Keighley. The final was dubbed ""McCue's Match"" as the halfback played an important part in the win. Widnes dropped out of the wartime Lancashire league in 1940–41 and did not return to league competition until 1945–46. Tommy McCue led the club to its first ever Lancashire Cup win, with a 7–3 victory against Wigan in 1945. Back at Wembley in 1950, the team was beaten 19–0 by Warrington. During this period, the club reverted to selling its players to richer teams. Local man Vince Karalius joined Widnes from St. Helens in 1962 and was appointed club captain. In his first season, Widnes finished third in the Championship, which equalled the club's best league placing. In 1962, the league was split into East and West of the Pennines; Widnes and Workington Town met at Central Park, Wigan, in the first final of the Western Division Championship on Saturday 10 November 1962. With two minutes remaining, Lowdon dropped a goal to earn Workington a 9–9 draw. Later in the month Workington Town won the replay 10–0. The following season saw him lead his team to Wembley, where Widnes were Rugby League Challenge Cup winners after they defeated Hull Kingston Rovers 13–5. No team had ever played more games in reaching Wembley than Widnes in 1964. In the first round, two replays were necessary before beating Leigh. Liverpool City were beaten in the second round, then Widnes played Swinton in front of 19,000 at Naughton Park. A 5–5 draw meant another replay, which was a scoreless draw at Station Road. A second replay at Wigan was watched by 21,369 with Widnes winning 15–3. The semi-final against Castleford was drawn 7–7. A crowd of 28,732 spectators watched the replay, which Widnes won. A Wembley crowd of 84,488 saw Widnes win the Challenge Cup for the third time with a 13–5 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers. This was the Chemics first trophy success in eighteen years. The 1970s saw the first really outstanding Widnes team. A host of young local players developed into the ""Cup Kings"", a golden age for the club. The first cup-final was a loss in the 1971–72 Lancashire Cup. Six years after he retired from playing Vince Karalius returned to Widnes as coach; appointed in January 1972. The following two seasons, Widnes reached the finals of the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy. The first success came in the 1975 Lancashire Cup which Widnes won by beating Salford that season. They also won the 1975 Challenge Cup final 14–7 versus Warrington at Wembley. This was the first time in their history that Widnes had won two trophies in the same season. At his zenith, Karalius, stepped down once from his role as coach. He was replaced in May 1975 by Frank Myler. Widnes visited Wembley in the following two seasons, losing to St. Helens and then Leeds. However, this was made up for by victories in the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy. The season after this (1977–78) saw their first league championship. The team went through the season unbeaten at home in the league. There were also trips to the John Player and Premiership finals. Keith Elwell began his run of 242 consecutive appearances at Wembley in the 1976–77 Challenge Cup Final, including two as a substitute. He finished his run at Hull on 26 September 1982. This record for consecutive appearances for one club stands to this day. Doug Laughton took over the job of team coach when Frank Myler retired from the position in 1978. The 1978–79 season saw no less than four cups come to Widnes—the BBC2 floodlit trophy, Lancashire Cup, Premiership and a win at Wembley over Wakefield Trinity in front of a crowd of 93,218. Widnes also defeated the Ashes-winning 1978 Kangaroo tourists. The 1979–80 season saw Widnes beat Bradford Northern in the Premiership final, but come second to them in the league and John Player Trophy. The Lancashire Cup was won for the fifth time in the 1970s. The 1980s started with a Wembley win over Hull Kingston Rovers in 1980–81. The season after this, Widnes again returned to Wembley, to face Hull. Widnes led 14–6 with less than 20 minutes to go, but the game finished 14–14 and Hull won the replay 18–9 at Elland Road, Leeds. Widnes kept their record of winning a cup every season by defeating Hull 23–8 in the Premiership final. The next season saw Hull again beaten by Widnes in the Premiership final. Vince Karalius returned to the club in March 1983 as co-coach with Harry Dawson. Dawson quit as coach in March 1984 with Karalius continuing as team manager. Karalius led a strong Widnes side to the finals of the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy and another Wembley victory appearance 19–6 against Wigan. Doug Laughton returned to the club in January 1986 and began a series of signings of players from other league clubs and from rugby union. One such player was Martin Offiah, who in 1987–88 scored a club record 42 tries. The team went on to win the championship that season, clinching it with a 50-point win away over Hunslet. Widnes then beat St. Helens in the Premiership Final at Old Trafford, Manchester a game in which Alan Tait made his début. The 1988–89 season saw the club sign rugby union star Jonathan Davies from Llanelli for £225,000. Wigan were beaten in the Charity Shield but had their revenge in the Regal Trophy Final. The Championship came down to the last game of the season, a capacity crowd at Naughton Park saw Widnes beat Wigan 32–18 to win the title for the second year running. The Premiership was won again, with over 40,000 at Old Trafford to see Widnes beat Hull 18–10. The 1989–90 season saw Widnes play at Anfield, Liverpool beating Wigan 27–22. A trip to France to play Le Pontet saw Widnes chosen as the Northern Hemisphere representatives to meet Australia's Grand Final winners. Canberra took a 12–0 lead but were then swept aside as Widnes stormed home 30–18 to become the first official World Club Champions. However, financial problems riddled the club in the early 1990s. To balance the books, over 25 first team players were sold to other teams. This resulted in the club sinking to 12th in the division one table, avoiding relegation. Myler became coach of Widnes in May 1994. In August 1995 the club decided to bring back Doug Laughton for a third stint as team manager which resulted in Myler's sacking as coach. In 1996, the first tier of British rugby league clubs played the inaugural Super League season and changed from a winter to a summer season. When the RFL announced that a new 12-team Super League was to be formed a chaotic period ensued in which the club was out, then in, then out, then in merged with local rivals Warrington and then finally out again as they finished below the cut-off point of 10th in the existing top flight. The club adopted the name Widnes Vikings on 27 November 1996; the club had originally intended to adopt the moniker 'Warriors' but were asked to reconsider by the RFL, as Whitehaven were planning to adopt this name also. Further player and coaching departures ensued and the club struggled in the new first division, the club's first ever finish in the relegation zone followed. They spent the next 5 years in the Northern Ford Premiership. Graeme West took over as coach after Doug Laughton's third stint, his reign lasted from May 1997 until August 1998. During this time, the playing arena was rebuilt and the old stands, terraces and facilities were demolished to be replaced with a state-of-the-art all-seater stadium and was also renamed from Naughton Park to the Halton Community Stadium. West was later replaced as coach by Colin Whitfield. In 1999 Widnes narrowly missed out on a place in the Northern Ford Premiership Grand Final. The 2000 season was one of transition with head coach Colin Whitfield being sacked and replaced by David Hulme. A record attendance for the newly rebuilt stadium was set at 6,644 for a Northern Ford Premiership game against Leigh on Boxing Day 2000. Widnes finished off a poor season in 8th place in the NFP. Under new coach Neil Kelly, Widnes won promotion to Super League in 2001 after beating Oldham 24–12 in the Northern Ford Premiership Grand Final. Their début season in Super League was in 2002, and the Vikings surprised everyone by narrowly missing out on a play-off place, and finishing 7th. The following season saw them consolidate with a 9th place finish, and in 2004 they avoided relegation on the final day of the season, with Castleford's defeat to Wakefield Trinity saving Widnes' fate. Stuart Spruce was caretaker manager. Frank Endacott arrived at Widnes as coach in 2005, but could not improve on the previous seasons. With 2 teams being relegated in 2005, due to the inclusion of Catalans Dragons in Superleague from 2006 onwards, Widnes were relegated back down to the second tier of the English game (LHF National League 1). Widnes parted company with coach Frank Endacott, and new coach Steve McCormack rebuilt the squad, which notably included Australian full back David Peachey, who kept his word to join the club, despite its relegation. Stephen Vaughan completed a take-over of Widnes in 2006 and the club made it to the LHF National League Grand Final, but were beaten 29-16 by Hull KR at Warrington's Halliwell Jones Stadium. Stephen Vaughan quit as chairman of Widnes at the start of 2007 and stepped down from the club's board of directors, placing the clubs season into a 'boom or bust' scenario. Widnes won the 2007 Northern Rail Cup Final with a 54–6 victory over Whitehaven at Bloomfield Road stadium and went on to reach the National League Grand Final at the end of the season. They were beaten 42-10 by Castleford at Headingley and in the days that followed, Widnes had no option but to place themselves into voluntary administration. On 2 November 2007, Widnes were purchased by Steve O'Connor, a local business man who had just sold his haulage firm to the Stobart Group. Steve McCormack was re-appointed as Head Coach, and the club were re-admitted into National League 1. A nine-point deduction for going into administration was successfully neutralised through winning their first three games, and Widnes qualified for the National League One Playoffs by finishing in 6th place. A 32-16 defeat to third-placed Halifax however brought the nostalgic 2008 campaign to an end. Off the field, Widnes had applied for a Super League licence for the 2009 season along with 18 other clubs. However, the club was not granted a licence to play in Super League, with the recent financial history of the club coming under close scrutiny. In 2009 Widnes parted company with Steve McCormack and for a period John Stankevitch became caretaker manager. Paul Cullen was unveiled as McCormack's eventual successor and managed the club to victory in the seasons Northern Rail Cup Final, beating a strong Barrow Raiders side 34-18. In the following season, Widnes again reached the Northern Rail Cup Final but were beaten 25-24 by Batley Bulldogs. The club also reached the 2010 Co-operative Championship playoffs but were knocked out in the opening round by Barrow Raiders In 2011 Widnes were granted a Super League licence for the 2012-14 seasons and Denis Betts was confirmed as the man who would coach the club. A flourish of new signings were announced and the pioneering 'Viking Stronghold' initiative moved from strength to strength. Widnes also installed a fourth generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known) during the off season, making them the first team in modern day rugby league to not play on a traditional grass pitch. Widnes' tenancy in the Co-operative Championship culminated in September 2011 with a fifth place league finish, and a first round playoff defeat of 36-20 by Sheffield Eagles at Bramall Lane. February 2012 saw Widnes' re-emergence into the top tier of rugby league, and they claimed their first two points against Wigan Warriors in a 37-36 win. The club managed to prove a number of critics wrong by gaining 12 points in total by the end of their first season back, but this was not enough to prevent the club from finishing at the bottom of the Super League table. The 2013 season saw a marked improvement on the field by Widnes, with the team earning a total of 22 league points and finishing 10th in the Super League table. The 2014 season proved to be the most successful season of the franchise period, with the club finishing 8th in the Super League table on 27 points and subsequently qualifying for the end of season play-offs for the first time in their history. A 22-19 away defeat to the Warrington Wolves brought the curtain down on a season that can only be seen as a success for the Vikings, with a Challenge Cup Semi-Final appearance against the Castleford being the key highlight. However, it was also during the 2014 season that the club received the sad news that ""legendary supporter"" Pat Price had died and condolences for 'the first lady of Rugby League' were received from clubs and supporters throughout the sport. The RFL overhauled Super League for the 2015 season, scraping the Franchise System and re-adopted promotion & relegation. Widnes finished in 9th position on 19 points, and then went on to consolidate their Super League status in the Middle 8's. Widnes surprised everyone in the 2016 season, putting a number of early exciting performances together, including defeating the previous season's champions Leeds Rhinos 56-12. This placed Widnes top of the Super League table, heading into the Easter fixtures. Widnes Rugby League Football Club had a number of grounds before settling at Lowerhouse Lane in 1895. The death of the club's secretary, Tom Naughton in 1932, led to the ground on Lowerhouse Lane being renamed Naughton Park as a gesture of the team's appreciation. Naughton Park became one of the best known Rugby League grounds in the country due to the success of the 'Chemics' in the 1970s and '80s. In the 1990s Halton Council in partnership with the Widnes agreed to build a new stadium on the existing site, which would provide a multi-purpose complex including a social club, conference facilities, recreational facilities and catering/function facilities and would be the new home venue for Widnes RLFC. The new stadium was officially opened on 2 November 1997 following the completion of phase 1 of a multimillion-pound redevelopment and was renamed the Halton Community Stadium. On 29 January 1999 Halton Borough Council took over responsibility for the entire stadium, both financially and managerially. This was necessary as the joint venture companies arrangements were not performing as expected. The stadium reached completion with the opening of the East Stand in September 2005 and is an all-seater stadium which has a capacity of 13,500. It has also had the honour to have staged national finals and international fixtures. The stadium's name has changed a number of times due to sponsorship purposes, with the latest name being the Select Security Stadium. However a number of fans still refer to the ground as either Naughton Park or the Halton Stadium, due to the legacy that the names hold. In August 2011, the stadium turf was removed and replaced with a third generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known), in order to improve overall match performance and maximize the use of the club's facilities. * Announced on 6 November 2016: Head coach Assistant coaches Updated: 6 November 2016Source(s): 2017 Squad Numbers Ins Outs The Widnes Hall of Fame was instituted in 1992 with thirteen members. Any former Widnes player who was retired from playing was eligible. The thirteen players who make up the current Hall of Fame are: There have been occasional suggestions that the Hall of Fame might be expanded but so far the club has not taken this step. Some years ago the club organised a poll, via the local press, with a view to adding three more players but the response from the public was very poor and the highest polling players (Anthony ""Tony"" Myler, Kurt Sorensen and Stuart Wright) were not formally inducted. The kit is supplied by O'Neills. On the front of the shirt, HW: The Parcel Centre.co.uk is on the centre and underneath it said “the world is just a click” while The Skills Network appear on the top left. Nutrition X appear on the top sleeves while bd Backhouse Group appear on the left sleeve while Trinity Facilities Management Ltd appear on the right sleeve. On the back of the shirt, Statsports appear on the top while MFG Construction North-West ltd appear at the bottom. Think big with O2 appear on the left of their front shorts while Electrod UK appear on the right of their back shorts.",1
Danny Batth,"Danny Batth  2018-02-06T18:00:08Z  Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, Batth's loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. He scored his first professional goal to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic on 20 February 2010, nodding home a David Prutton corner to extend Colchester's run of games undefeated to five. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made on substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club took on a new look installing Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with 4 games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 games in a season which Wolves set a new points total record for League One, 103. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that runs until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship and his impressive form from the previous season continued. He remained as the only ever-present since Kenny Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a flying start maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. Batth's presence in the opposition box started to become more apparent as he netted 3 league goals including an 88th-minute equaliser at Molineux as Wolves drew 1–1 with Brighton & Hove Albion. A string of commanding performances led to strong rumours of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. At the age of just 24 years old, Batth bought up his century of appearances for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Birmingham City. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with 2 games to play of the season. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. Born and raised in England, Batth is eligible to play for India through his father. In July 2017 Batth declared that he wanted to play for India and entered into talks over playing for India. However, revealed later in July 2017 that residency rules and passport regulations may stop this from happening. ,  Danny Batth  2019-12-29T16:44:11Z  Daniel Tanveer Batth (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stoke City. Batth began his career with his local side Wolverhampton Wanderers having previously progressed through their youth academy. In order to gain first-team experience he spent time out on loan at Colchester United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday (two spells). He broke into Wolves' first team in 2012–13 and was made captain by Kenny Jackett for the 2013–14 as Wolves won the League One title, Batth being named in the PFA Team of the Year. Batth remained a key member of the Wolves team as the play-offs were narrowly missed in 2014–15 before promotion to the Premier League was gained in 2017–18. After not being considered by Nuno Espírito Santo for his Premier League squad, Batth joined Middlesbrough on loan in August 2018. Batth moved to Stoke City in January 2019 for a fee of £3 million. Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He attended Thorns Community College. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, Batth's loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. He scored his first professional goal to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic on 20 February 2010, nodding home a David Prutton corner to extend Colchester's run of games undefeated to five. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club took on a new look installing Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 games in a season which Wolves set a new points total record for League One, 103. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship and his impressive form from the previous season continued. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a flying start maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. Batth's presence in the opposition box started to become more apparent as he netted three league goals including an 88th-minute equaliser at Molineux as Wolves drew 1–1 with Brighton & Hove Albion. A string of commanding performances led to strong rumors of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. At the age of just 24 years old, Batth bought up his century of appearances for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Birmingham City. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season but missed out on goals scored to Ipswich Town. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. Batth played 39 times for Wolves in 2015–16 as they finished in 14th position. Batth scored in a 3–1 win against rivals Birmingham City on 20 August 2016. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. On 1 April 2017, Batth scored twice against Cardiff City moving Wolves eight points clear of the relegation zone. He scored in the final match of the 2016–17 season, a 1–0 win against Preston North End which secured 15th place for Wolves. Portuguese manager Nuno Espírito Santo was appointed ahead of the 2017–18 campaign which proved a very successful one for Wolves as they won the Championship title with 99 points. On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the Championship, after joining Middlesbrough on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with Wolves, after they had been promoted to the Premier League. Batth made 13 appearances under Tony Pulis at Boro before his loan was cut short in January 2019. Batth joined Stoke City on 29 January 2019 on a three-and-a-half year contract for a fee understood to be an initial £3 million. Batth made his Stoke debut on 2 February 2019 against Hull City and was given the captain's armband by Nathan Jones in the absence of Ryan Shawcross. Batth played 17 times in the remainder of the 2018–19 season as Stoke ended up finishing in 16th place. Batth helped improve the Potters defence with the side keeping eight clean sheets. He scored his first goal for Stoke in an EFL Cup tie against Leeds United on 27 August 2019. Born and raised in England, Batth thought at one time he would be eligible to play for India through his father. In July 2017 Batth declared that he wanted to play for India and entered into talks over playing for India. However, he revealed later in July 2017 that residency rules and passport regulations may stop this from happening. Batth is of mixed English and Sikh Punjabi descent. Batth set up his own charity in August 2017, Foundation DB, with his partner Natalie Ann Cutler, to raise money to combat homelessness in Wolverhampton. Sheffield Wednesday Wolverhampton Wanderers Individual",1
Carol Kane,"Carol Kane  2020-01-16T23:25:45Z  Carolyn Laurie Kane (born June 18, 1952) is an American actress and comedian. She became known in the 1970s and 1980s in films such as Hester Street, for which she received an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination, Annie Hall, and The Princess Bride. She appeared on the television series Taxi in the early 1980s, as Simka Gravas, the wife of Latka, the character played by Andy Kaufman, winning two Emmy Awards for her work. She has played the character of Madame Morrible in the musical Wicked, both in regional productions and on Broadway from 2005 to 2014. From 2015 to 2019, she was a main cast member on the Netflix original series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, in which she played Lillian Kaushtupper. Kane was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the daughter of Joy, a jazz singer, teacher, dancer, and pianist, and Michael Kane. Her family is Jewish, and her grandparents emigrated from Russia. Her parents divorced when she was 12 years old. She attended the Cherry Lawn School, a boarding school in Darien, Connecticut, until 1965. She studied theatre at HB Studio and also went to the Professional Children's School, in New York City, and made her professional theatre debut in a 1966 production of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, starring Tammy Grimes. Kane portrayed Simka Dahblitz-Gravas, wife of Latka Gravas (Andy Kaufman), on the American television series Taxi, from 1981 to 1983. She received two Emmy Awards for her work in the series. In 1984, Kane appeared in episode 12, season 3 of Cheers as Amanda, an acquaintance of Diane Chambers from her time spent in a mental institution. Kane was a regular on the 1986 NBC series All Is Forgiven, a regular on the 1990–1991 NBC series American Dreamer, guest-starred on a 1994 episode of Seinfeld, a 1996 episode of Ellen and had a supporting role in the short-lived 1996–1997 sitcom Pearl. In 1988, Kane appeared in the Cinemax Comedy Experiment Rap Master Ronnie: A Report Card alongside Jon Cryer and the Smothers Brothers. In January 2009, she appeared in the television series Two and a Half Men as the mother of Alan Harper's receptionist. In March 2010, Kane appeared in the television series Ugly Betty as Justin Suarez's acting teacher. In 2014, she had a recurring role in the TV series Gotham as Gertrude Kapelput, Oswald Cobblepot's (Penguin's) mother. In 2015, she was cast as Lillian Kaushtupper, the landlord to the title character of Netflix's original series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. Kane also appeared in The Last Detail (1973), Annie Hall (1977), The World's Greatest Lover (1977), Norman Loves Rose (1982), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), When A Stranger Calls (1979),Transylvania 6-5000 (1985), The Princess Bride (1987), Flashback (1989) with Dennis Hopper, and Scrooged (1988), in which Variety called her ""unquestionably pic's comic highlight."" In 1998, she played Mother Duck on the cartoon movie The First Snow of Winter. In 1999 she made a cameo on the movie Man On The Moon as her character she played on Taxi. 2010 she made played in “The Bounty Hunter” Kane was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the film Hester Street. She starred in the off-Broadway play Love, Loss, and What I Wore in February 2010. Kane made her West End debut in January 2011 in a major revival of Lillian Hellman's drama The Children's Hour, at London's Comedy Theatre. She starred alongside Keira Knightley, Elisabeth Moss and Ellen Burstyn. In May 2012, Kane appeared on Broadway as Betty Chumley in a revival of the play Harvey. Kane is known for her portrayal of the evil headmistress Madame Morrible in the Broadway musical Wicked, whom she played in various productions from 2005 to 2014. Kane made her Wicked debut on the 1st National Tour, playing the role from March 9 through December 19, 2005. She then reprised the role in the Broadway production from January 10 through November 12, 2006. She again played the role for the Los Angeles production which began performances on February 7, 2007. She left the production on December 30, 2007, and later returned from August 26, 2008 until the production closed on January 11, 2009. She then transferred with the L.A. company, to play the role once again, in the San Francisco production which began performances January 27, 2009. She ended her limited engagement on March 22, 2009. Kane returned to the Broadway company of Wicked from July 1, 2013, through February 22, 2014.,  Carol Kane  2021-12-31T08:07:24Z  Carolyn Laurie Kane (born June 18, 1952) is an American actress and comedian. She became known in the 1970s and 1980s in films such as Hester Street, for which she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, Annie Hall, and The Princess Bride. She appeared on the television series Taxi in the early 1980s, as Simka Gravas, the wife of Latka, the character played by Andy Kaufman, winning two Emmy Awards for her work. She has played the character of Madame Morrible in the musical Wicked, both in touring productions and on Broadway from 2005 to 2014. From 2015 to 2020, she was a main cast member on the Netflix series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, in which she played Lillian Kaushtupper. Kane was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the daughter of Joy, a jazz singer, teacher, dancer, and pianist, and Michael Kane. Her family is Jewish, and her grandparents emigrated from Russia, Austria, and Poland. Her parents divorced when she was 12 years old. She attended the Cherry Lawn School, a boarding school in Darien, Connecticut, until 1965. She studied theatre at HB Studio and also went to the Professional Children's School, in New York City, and made her professional theatre debut in a 1966 production of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, starring Tammy Grimes. Kane portrayed Simka Dahblitz-Gravas, wife of Latka Gravas (Andy Kaufman), on the American television series Taxi from 1981 to 1983. She received two Emmy Awards for her work in the series. In 1984, Kane appeared in episode 12, season 3 of Cheers as Amanda, an acquaintance of Diane Chambers from her time spent in a mental institution. Kane was a regular on the 1986 series All Is Forgiven, a regular on the 1990–1991 series American Dreamer, guest-starred on a 1994 episode of Seinfeld, a 1996 episode of Ellen and had a supporting role in the short-lived sitcom Pearl. In 1988, Kane appeared in the Cinemax Comedy Experiment Rap Master Ronnie: A Report Card alongside Jon Cryer and the Smothers Brothers. In January 2009, she appeared in the television series Two and a Half Men as the mother of Alan Harper's receptionist. In March 2010, Kane appeared in the television series Ugly Betty as Justin Suarez's acting teacher. In 2014, she had a recurring role in the TV series Gotham as Gertrude Kapelput, Oswald Cobblepot's (Penguin's) mother. In 2015, she was cast as Lillian Kaushtupper, the landlord to the title character of Netflix's series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. She reprised the role in the television movie Kimmy vs the Reverend. In 2020, Kane was part of the ensemble cast of the Amazon show Hunters, which includes Al Pacino and Logan Lerman. Kane appeared in Carnal Knowledge (1971), The Last Detail (1973), Hester Street (1975), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), Annie Hall (1977), The World's Greatest Lover (1977), When a Stranger Calls (1979), Norman Loves Rose (1982), Transylvania 6-5000 (1985), The Princess Bride (1987), Scrooged (1988), in which Variety called her ""unquestionably pic's comic highlight,"" and Flashback (1989) with Dennis Hopper. As well as a potential love interest for star Steve Martin's character in My Blue Heaven (1990). In 1998, she played Mother Duck on the cartoon movie The First Snow of Winter. In 1999, she made a cameo in the movie Man On The Moon as her character she played on Taxi. At the 48th Academy Awards, Kane was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the film Hester Street. She starred in the off-Broadway play Love, Loss, and What I Wore in February 2010. Kane made her West End debut in January 2011 in a major revival of Lillian Hellman's drama The Children's Hour at London's Comedy Theatre. She starred alongside Keira Knightley, Elisabeth Moss and Ellen Burstyn. In May 2012, Kane appeared on Broadway as Betty Chumley in a revival of the play Harvey. Kane is also known for her portrayal of the evil headmistress Madame Morrible in the Broadway musical Wicked, whom she played in various productions from 2005 to 2014. Kane made her Wicked debut on the 1st National Tour, playing the role from March 9 through December 19, 2005. She then reprised the role in the Broadway production from January 10 through November 12, 2006. She again played the role for the Los Angeles production which began performances on February 7, 2007. She left the production on December 30, 2007, and later returned from August 26, 2008, until the production closed on January 11, 2009. She then transferred with the L.A. company, to play the role once again, in the San Francisco production which began performances January 27, 2009. She ended her limited engagement on March 22, 2009. Kane returned to the Broadway company of Wicked from July 1, 2013, through February 22, 2014 (a period that included the show's 10th anniversary).",1
Daniel Lissing,"Daniel Lissing  2019-04-17T01:07:16Z  Before Daniel’s first major role, he was best known for his relationship with Julie Myatt Daniel Lissing is an Australian actor. He played Conrad De Groot in Crownies in 2011. The following year, he appeared in American military drama Last Resort. From January 2014 to April 2018, Lissing starred as Jack Thornton in When Calls the Heart. In 2006, he appeared as a guest in the successful Australian series Home and Away where he played the firefighter Dave Elder. In 2011, he joined the cast of the series Crownies where he played Conrad De Groot, the fiancé of the lawyer Tatum Novak (Indiana Evans), until the end of the series the same year. The same year he appeared in the movie Entwined where he played Aiden. In 2012, it was announced that he would join the cast of the American series Last Resort as James King, a petty officer of the U.S Navy, and a Navy SEAL. In the series he appeared with Andre Braugher, Scott Speedman, Autumn Reeser and Daisy Betts. That same year he joined the cast of the movie The Cure where he played the role of Ryan Earl, a member of a research team that he feels he deserves greater recognition and fame. From 2014 to 2018, Lissing has appeared in the Hallmark Channel series When Calls the Heart as Canadian Mountie Jack Thornton. In 2016, Lissing appeared alongside Jessica Lowndes in Hallmark Channel's A December Bride as the character Seth. In 2018, he and Brooke D'Orsay starred in the channel's film Christmas in Love. ,  Daniel Lissing  2020-11-14T03:32:35Z  Daniel Lissing (born 4 October 1981) is an Australian actor. He played Conrad De Groot in Crownies in 2011. The following year, he appeared in American military drama Last Resort. From January 2014 to April 2018, Lissing starred as Jack Thornton in When Calls the Heart. In 2006, he appeared as a guest in the successful Australian series Home and Away where he played the firefighter Dave Elder. In 2011, he joined the cast of the series Crownies where he played Conrad De Groot, the fiancé of the lawyer Tatum Novak (Indiana Evans), until the end of the series the same year. The same year he appeared in the movie Entwined where he played Aiden. In 2012, it was announced that he would join the cast of the American series Last Resort as James King, a petty officer of the U.S Navy, and a Navy SEAL. In the series he appeared with Andre Braugher, Scott Speedman, Autumn Reeser and Daisy Betts. That same year he joined the cast of the movie The Cure where he played the role of Ryan Earl, a member of a research team that he feels he deserves greater recognition and fame. From 2014 to 2018, Lissing appeared in the Hallmark Channel series When Calls the Heart as Canadian Mountie Jack Thornton. He chose to leave the role at the end of Season 5 and his character was killed off. In 2016, Lissing appeared alongside Jessica Lowndes in Hallmark Channel's A December Bride as the character Seth. In 2018, he and Brooke D'Orsay starred in the channel's film Christmas in Love. Lissing married his partner Nadia in early 2020.",1
Jason Alexander,"Jason Alexander  2001-12-18T11:57:53Z  Short, Balding fat man from Seinfeld, George Costanza- also appearred as Richard Geres accountant in pretty Woman,  Jason Alexander  2002-08-26T16:38:39Z  Jason Alexander (born ""Jay Greenspan"", September 23, 1959, in Newark, New Jersey) was one of the stars of the award-winning television sitcom ""Seinfeld"". His character, the neurotic ne'er-do-well George Costanza, Jerry Seinfeld's best friend, was based in part on the show's creator, Larry David. He has also appeared in a number of movies, and done some work as a director. More details are available here: http://uk.imdb.com/Name? Alexander,+Jason",1
Carlos Takam,"Carlos Takam  2010-09-22T17:30:28Z  Possible copyright infringement The content of this page may violate Wikipedia's copyright policy and requires review. This article has been automatically tagged as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted prose taken from other WWW sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Major contributions by contributors who have been verified to have violated copyright in multiple articles may be presumptively deleted in accordance with Wikipedia:Copyright violations. Because it has been automatically tagged, this article's copyright status requires review. Your help as a Wikipedia editor is requested. This is the procedure to follow. If you have questions about copyright, please follow the links to further information given on the procedure page. By removing this notice, you assert that you understand our copyright policies and have dealt with any copyright violations which exist on this page. You are responsible for any copyright violations reintroduced by your edits. Please note your action at the corresponding subpage of the CCI as per procedure. ,  Carlos Takam  2011-07-31T16:09:05Z  Armand Carlos Netsing Takam (born December 6, 1980) is a boxer who represented Cameroon at the 2004 Summer Olympics at super heavyweight . 2003, at the All-Africa Games in Abuja, Nigeria, he captured the bronze medal in his weight division. 2004 he represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece but was beaten in the round of sixteen by Egypt's Mohamed Aly. Takam qualified for the Athens Games by winning the gold medal at the 1st AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. In the decisive final of the event he defeated Angolan fighter Georgio Cabta. He made his debut as a professional in France on December 10, 2005, when he defeated Zinidine Benmakhouf of Belgium. He is 17-0 at the end of 2008.",1
FK Sloboda Užice,"FK Sloboda Užice  2012-01-01T21:12:09Z  FK Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Слобода Ужице) is a football club from Užice, Serbia. In 2010 Sloboda merged with Sevojno Point, which had just been promoted to the Super Liga, and from then the club plays in the Super Liga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name ""Sloboda Užice"" was restored as the club's official name on October 13, 2011. The club was founded in spring 1925 as part of sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of FK Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against FK Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2-2 draw. In the 1928-29 season the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929 the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Workers' Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name - USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) - which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the season 1936-37 Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year latter, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945 the club was reestablished under its original name, Sloboda and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice. Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the Football Association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the Football Federation. Until 1947 the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956 the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica, and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the season 1962-63 played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2-0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's FK Železnik and Tetovo's FK Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on February 19th 1967 when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1-1 draw in the Yugoslav cup before losing 1-2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club menaged to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League group East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5-0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the season 1987/88 by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the season 1991-92 the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993-94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against FK Borac Čačak by 4-1, and in Pljevlja against FK Rudar Pljevlja by 1-0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995 it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995-96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against FK Proleter Zrenjanin and FK Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Srpska Liga (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced its merge with FK Sevojno, that achieved promotion to the Serbian SuperLiga, and a new era in the club seemed to begin. The stadium FK Sloboda Point Užice on Begluk is the ground of the club in Užice, Serbia. The stadium is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a capacity for 12,000 spectators and was built in 1946, while it was reconstructed in 1980. On the existing stadium in Užice is planned the reconstruction of the entire western stands with 5200 seats and stands of northern and southern extension panels. The project will be financed by the Government of the Republic of Serbia, together with the city authorities of Užice. As of December 2011. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers,,  FK Sloboda Užice  2013-12-17T13:08:36Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице, English: Sloboda Užice Football Club), or simply Sloboda Užice or Sloboda, is a professional Serbian football club from Užice. The name Sloboda means freedom or liberty in Serbian. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice′s workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928–29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936–37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year latter, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962–63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on 19 February 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the 1987–88 season by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991–92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Serbian League (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced its merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club plays in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on 13 October 2011. They finished the 2011-12 Serbian SuperLiga season fifth and almost achieved Europa League qualifications. The 2012–13 Sloboda Užice season was the same they finished fifth for the second year straight. Also the 12-13 season will be remembered as the negative tradition breaking season. They won against FK Rad at home after 30 years, they achieved their first ever win over Serbian giants Red Star Belgrade away at Marakana, they won against FK Radnički Niš on Čair for the first time and they also won against FK Radnički 1923 away after 47 years. The Užice City stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. In July 2013 it was announced that the stadium will have reflectors for the first time in club history. The first game under the reflectors was played against Partizan on September 14, 2013. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as Freedom Fighters (Serbian: Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also Slobodaši. They express their love for their city, club and region with lots of creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is "" Sloboda počinje"", which translates to ""Freedom begins"". Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers,  For summer transfers,  As of 10 August 2013 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players. List of coaches. Other:",1
Jason Aldean discography,"Jason Aldean discography  2012-01-02T18:53:39Z  Jason Aldean is an American country music artist. His discography comprises four studio albums (Jason Aldean, Relentless, Wide Open, and My Kinda Party), and eleven singles. Among these singles are six Number Ones on the Hot Country Songs charts: ""Why"", ""She's Country"", ""Big Green Tractor"", ""The Truth"", ""Don't You Wanna Stay"", and ""Dirt Road Anthem"". His first, third, and fourth albums are all certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and Relentless is certified gold by the same. Aldean's fourth album, My Kinda Party, produced his highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100. The song ""Dirt Road Anthem"" reached number seven on the chart, and featured a studio remix with rapper Ludacris. My Kinda Party is also his first album to be certified in Canada. ,  Jason Aldean discography  2013-12-30T19:46:30Z  Jason Aldean is an American country music artist. His discography comprises five studio albums (Jason Aldean, Relentless, Wide Open, My Kinda Party and Night Train) and seventeen singles. Among these singles are ten Number Ones on the Country Airplay chart: ""Why"", ""She's Country"", ""Big Green Tractor"", ""The Truth"", ""Don't You Wanna Stay"", ""Dirt Road Anthem"", ""Fly Over States"", ""Take a Little Ride"", ""The Only Way I Know"", and ""Night Train"". His first, second, third, and fifth albums are all certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and his fourth album, My Kinda Party, is certified triple platinum. My Kinda Party produced his highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100. The song ""Dirt Road Anthem"" reached number seven on the chart, and featured a studio remix with rapper Ludacris. My Kinda Party is also his first album to be certified in Canada. His fifth album, Night Train, produced his highest charting single on the Canadian Hot 100 in ""Take a Little Ride"". The album was also his first Number One on the Billboard 200 and Canadian Albums Chart.",1
Clogher_Valley_Railway,"Clogher_Valley_Railway  2008-01-17T19:41:31Z   The Clogher Valley Railway was a 37 mile long narrow gauge railway in County Tyrone and County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It opened in May 1887 and closed on 1 January 1942 (with the last trains running the previous day). The railway was mainly situated in rural parts of County Tyrone, which hindered the company's potential profitability. The western terminus was Maguiresbridge, County Fermanagh, where the line shared a station with the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) on the Clones to Enniskillen line. It then proceeded in a north-easterly direction through stations at Brookeborough, Colebrooke, Fivemiletown, Clogher and Augher until reaching Ballygawley station, at which point the line turned in a south-easterly direction to Aughnacloy, Caledon and the terminus at Tynan, County Armagh (where the Great Northern Railway was again met, this time the Clones to Armagh line). Aughnacloy was the line's principal station and the location of the company's headquarters and workshops. Fivemiletown was the second largest station; like a tramway the line passed down the middle of Main Street, Fivemiletown. It was originally known as the Clogher Valley Tramway, but changed its legal status and its name to the Clogher Valley Railway in 1894. The start was not auspicious, the company required a loan of £44,000 from the Board of Works to enable the line to be finished. It was constructed under the terms of the Tramways Act 1883 and was built to a track gauge of 3 feet. Extensions were planned, including a branch line from Ballygawley to Dungannon and an eastwards link to the Bessbrook and Newry Tramway, but were never built. Prior to the 1930s the line was worked entirely by steam locomotives, with six tank engines built by Sharp Stewart. For almost all of its existence the railway made a loss (and required a subsidy from local ratepayers). The greatest profit ever made by the company was in 1904 - only £791. From 1921 onwards, the line found itself located entirely within the new Province of Northern Ireland (although running close to the border with the Irish Free State for almost its entire route). In 1922 a commission appointed by the Government of Northern Ireland recommended that the loss-making line should be taken over by the Great Northern Railway (Ireland), but the GNR(I) declined. The company struggled on, until it was taken over by a committee of management appointed by Tyrone and Fermanagh County Councils in 1928. Henry Forbes, the manager of the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (CDRJC), was one of the members of the new committee and was instrumental in introducing diesel traction - a then novel form of motive power. To reduce operating costs, two diesel vehicles were built for the railway by Walkers of Wigan - a 28 seat railbus in 1932 and a rail lorry in 1933. The railbus was virtually identical to those operated by the CDRJC (which purchased both vehicles following the line's closure). In 1932 the CDRJC also acquired the CVR's unsuccessful steam tram locomotive built by Atkinson Walker, which was rebuilt as ""Phoenix"" with a diesel engine. This locomotive is now preserved at the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum at Cultra. For much of its length, the railway ran alongside roads. The last trains ran on 31 December 1941, the railway becoming a victim of road competition and cost-saving measures during World War II. ,  Clogher_Valley_Railway  2010-01-21T00:53:01Z   54°24′50″N 6°58′37″W / 54. 414°N 6. 977°W / 54. 414; -6. 977 The Clogher Valley Railway was a 37 mile long narrow gauge railway in County Tyrone and County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It opened in May 1887 and closed on 1 January 1942 (with the last trains running the previous day). The railway was mainly situated in rural parts of County Tyrone, which hindered the company's potential profitability. The western terminus was Maguiresbridge, County Fermanagh, where the line shared a station with the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) on the Clones to Enniskillen line. It then proceeded in a north-easterly direction through stations at Brookeborough, Colebrooke, Fivemiletown, Clogher and Augher until reaching Ballygawley station, at which point the line turned in a south-easterly direction to Aughnacloy, Caledon and the terminus at Tynan, County Armagh (where the Great Northern Railway was again met, this time the Clones to Armagh line). Aughnacloy was the line's principal station and the location of the company's headquarters and workshops. Fivemiletown was the second largest station; like a tramway the line passed down the middle of Main Street, Fivemiletown. It was originally known as the Clogher Valley Tramway, but changed its legal status and its name to the Clogher Valley Railway in 1894. The start was not auspicious, the company required a loan of £44,000 from the Board of Works to enable the line to be finished. It was constructed under the terms of the Tramways Act 1883 and was built to a track gauge of 3 feet. Extensions were planned, including a branch line from Ballygawley to Dungannon and an eastwards link to the Bessbrook and Newry Tramway, but were never built. Prior to the 1930s the line was worked entirely by steam locomotives, with six tank engines built by Sharp Stewart. For almost all of its existence the railway made a loss (and required a subsidy from local ratepayers). The greatest profit ever made by the company was in 1904 - only £791. From 1921 onwards, the line found itself located entirely within the new Province of Northern Ireland (although running close to the border with the Irish Free State for almost its entire route). In 1922 a commission appointed by the Government of Northern Ireland recommended that the loss-making line should be taken over by the Great Northern Railway (Ireland), but the GNR(I) declined. The company struggled on, until it was taken over by a committee of management appointed by Tyrone and Fermanagh County Councils in 1928. Henry Forbes, the manager of the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (CDRJC), was one of the members of the new committee and was instrumental in introducing diesel traction - a then novel form of motive power. To reduce operating costs, two diesel vehicles were built for the railway by Walkers of Wigan - a 28 seat railbus in 1932 and a rail lorry in 1933. The railbus was virtually identical to those operated by the CDRJC (which purchased both vehicles following the line's closure). In 1932 the CDRJC also acquired the CVR's unsuccessful steam tram locomotive built by Atkinson Walker, which was rebuilt as ""Phoenix"" with a diesel engine. This locomotive is now preserved at the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum at Cultra. For much of its length, the railway ran alongside roads. The last trains ran on 31 December 1941, the railway becoming a victim of road competition and cost-saving measures during World War II.",0
Carrot2,"Carrot2  2009-01-12T22:53:31Z  Carrot2 is an Open Source search results clustering engine developed by Stanisław Osiński and Dawid Weiss. It can automatically organize (cluster) small collections of documents, e.g. search results, into thematic categories. Apart from two specialized document clustering algorithms, Carrot2 offers ready-to-use components for fetching search results from various sources including YahooAPI, GoogleAPI, MSN Live API, eTools Meta Search, Lucene, SOLR, Google Desktop and more. Commercial spin off of the Carrot2 project is a company called Carrot Search. It provides more efficient and powerful versions of the open source text mining algorithms available in the Carrot2 project while still maintaining the latter. The product cannot handle large volumes of data (Think 100,000+ documents). The web site describes being able to cluster results ""on the hundreds"". Trying to cluster a large result set leads to lock-ups, and jvm crashes. ,  Carrot2  2010-12-25T02:57:59Z  Carrot² is an open source search results clustering engine. It can automatically cluster small collections of documents, e.g. search results or document abstracts, into thematic categories. Apart from two specialized search results clustering algorithms, Carrot² offers ready-to-use components for fetching search results from various sources. Carrot² is written in Java and distributed under the BSD license. The initial version of Carrot² was implemented in 2001 by Dawid Weiss as part of his MSc thesis to validate the applicability of the STC clustering algorithm to clustering search results in Polish. In 2003, a number of other search results clustering algorithms were added, including Lingo, a novel text clustering algorithm designed specifically for clustering of search results. While the source code of Carrot² was available since 2002, it was only in 2006 when version 1.0 was officially released. In the same year, version 2.0 was released with improved user interface and extended tool set. In 2009, version 3.0 brought significant improvements in clustering quality, simplified API and new GUI application for tuning clustering based on the Eclipse Rich Client Platform. The architecture of Carrot² is based on processing components arranged into pipelines. Two major groups or processing components in Carrot² are: document sources and clustering algorithms. Document sources provide data for further processing. Typically, they would e.g. fetch search results from an external search engine, Lucene / Solr index or load text files from a local disk. Currently, Carrot² has built-in support for the following document sources: Other document sources can be easily integrated based on the code examples provided with Carrot² distribution. Carrot² offers two specialized document clustering algorithms that place emphasis on the quality of cluster labels: Other algorithms can be easily added to Carrot². Carrot² clustering can be called through a number of APIs. Being implemented in Java, Carrot² can be integrated with Java software through its native Java API. Carrot² provides a native C# API for calling clustering from C# / . NET software without installing a Java runtime. The Carrot² C# API requires . NET Framework version 3.5 or later. Other platforms can call Carrot² clustering through the REST service exposed by the Document Clustering Server. Example integration code is provided for PHP5, C#, Ruby and CURL. Carrot² offers a number of supporting tools that can be used to quickly set up clustering on custom data, further tuning of clustering results and exposing Carrot² clustering as a remote service: Carrot Search , a commercial spin-off of the Carrot² project, works on further development of Carrot², offers a real-time text clustering algorithm compliant with the Carrot2² framework as well as text mining consulting services based on open source and proprietary software. Carrot² gave rise to a number of independent open source projects released under the umbrella of Carrot Search Labs. Currently, the following projects are available:",1
Fred_Bild,"Fred_Bild  2012-03-21T18:20:22Z   M. Fred Bild is a former Canadian diplomat and current adjunct professor at the University of Montreal Department of East Asian Studies, the CÉTASE. He graduated from Sir George Williams College, now in Paris. [http://www. fred. bildase@umontreal. ca. In 1979 was appointed as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Laos, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Later, in 1990, became Ambassador to the People's Republic of China and Mongolia. During his career as a Canadian Foreign Service Officer, Mr. Bild has also served in Japan, South Korea, Laos, and France. He was, moreover, chosen to preside over the UN Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament Agreements (1988-1990). ,  Fred_Bild  2012-11-08T03:33:29Z   M. Fred Bild is a former Canadian diplomat and current invited professor at the University of Montreal Department of East Asian Studies, the CÉTASE. He graduated from Sir George Williams College, presently Concordia University, in Montreal. He also studied International Law in London and he has a diploma from the École nationale d'administration in Paris. He was concurrently appointed as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Laos, Myanmar and Thailand then to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam then the People's Republic of China and Mongolia. Template:Persondata",0
Copenhagen_Open,"Copenhagen_Open  2010-03-26T20:46:45Z   The Copenhagen Open was a tournament on the ATP Tour, first held in 1973. It was competed again in 1976, before being discontinued. It was re-introduced in 1991 and was halted again in 2003. The only man to win it more than once was Magnus Gustafsson. The only Danish winner was Lars Elvstrom. It was played on outdoor hard courts for the initial two events, before switching to indoor carpet for its second run. ,  Copenhagen_Open  2012-04-02T00:39:51Z   The Copenhagen Open was a tennis tournament on the WCT and ATP Tour. It was first held in February 1973 as part of the WCT tour and featured renowned players such as Ken Rosewall, Fred Stolle, Arthur Ashe and Tom Okker. It was played indoors on a carpet surface. The tournament was not held the following two years but returned on the calendar in 1976 without any of the first-tier players. After 1976 the tournament was discontinued. It was re-introduced in 1991 as part of the ATP Tour and was halted again in 2003. The only player to win the Copenhagen Open more than once was Magnus Gustafsson (1998, 1999). The only Danish winner was Lars Elvstrom. It was played on outdoor hard courts for the initial two events, before switching to indoor carpet for its second run.",0
National Science Bowl,"National Science Bowl  2004-04-12T03:34:35Z  Science bowl is fun. It is a fast paced, vigorous competition that test you knowledge in all areas of science to the limit. (Math, physics, computer science,geology,biology and astronomy.) Each team has 4 to 5 team members. Two teams compete against each other in each session. In each session, any player has the chance to answer, if he/she presses the buzzer the fastest. And of course, if you are smart, you can always interrupt and answer the question before your opponents have a chance to answer. If you prevail at the regional level, you will be able to compete at the national level. ,  National Science Bowl  2005-12-27T17:19:55Z  Science Bowl is a high school academic competition, similar to Quiz Bowl, held in the United States. Two teams of four students each compete to answer various science-related questions. In order to determine which student has the right to answer the question, a buzzer system (or ""lockout system"") is used, similar to those seen on popular television game shows such as Jeopardy! . The National Science Bowl (""NSB"") has been organized and sponsored by the United States Department of Energy since the competition's inception in 1991. Questions are asked in the categories entitled Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Earth Science, Mathematics, Astronomy, Current Events, and General Science. General Science covers science-related items that don't fall under any specific type of science such as items common to all sciences. In late 2002, Computer Science was dropped as an official category; questions relating to computer science are now asked under either General Science or Math. The National Science Bowl organization recently announced the addition of a category for Current Events for the 2005 National Competition. Each year, in early May, the National Science Bowl competition is held in Washington, DC. As of 2004, the competition has been hosted by the National 4-H Center in Chevy Chase, Maryland. The winning team of each regional Science Bowl competition is invited to participate in the National Science Bowl all expenses paid. There are a number of regional competitions all over the United States; the exact number changes from year to year. For example, in 2004 there were 64 regionals, while in 2003 there were 66 regionals. These figures count as two separate regionals the few ""superregional"" sites that are permitted to send two teams to the national competition (e.g. the Kansas City/St. Louis regional competition). Typically, any high school that meets the eligibility rules of the National Science Bowl competition is permitted to register for any regional competition in the country, but no high school or student group may compete in multiple regionals. In addition, some regional competitions permit schools to register multiple teams. Teams comprised entirely of homeschooled students are also permitted to enter; a perennial qualifier to the national competition is the Edmond Home Cooperative from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. This section is concerned with the rules of the national competition. The rules of regional competitions vary greatly. There are very few prescribed rules for regional competitions. Some regionals are run nearly identically to the national competition, while others use variations of the rules or different methods of scoring. A team consists of four or five students from a single high school (unless the team is comprised entirely of homeschooled students). Only four students play at any one time, while the fifth is designated as the ""alternate."" Substitutions may be made at halftime and between rounds. Two teams compete against each other in each match. Each match has exactly 25 questions (that is, 25 toss-ups and 25 corresponding bonuses). The match is over when all the toss-up questions have been read, or after two ten-minute halves have elapsed, whichever occurs first. The team with the most points at this time is the winner. Every match begins with a toss-up question. The moderator announces the subject of the question (see ""Subject Areas"" above), as well as its type (Multiple Choice or Short Answer). Once the moderator completes the reading of the question, students have five seconds to buzz in and give an answer. Students may buzz in at any time after the category has been read--there is no need to wait for the moderator to finish. However, there is a penalty for interrupting the moderator and giving an incorrect answer. Once a student from a team has buzzed in, that team may not buzz in again on that question. Conferring between members of a team is not allowed on toss-up questions; if conferring occurs on a question, the team is disallowed from answering that question. The rules regarding conferring are typically very strict: excessive noise, eye contact, or even noticeable shifts in position can be considered conferring, as they convey information to teammates. An answer given by a student is ruled correct or incorrect by the moderator. On short answer questions, if the answer given differs from the official one, the moderator uses his or her judgment to make a ruling (which is subject to challenge by the competitors). On multiple choice questions, the answer given by the student is only correct if it matches the official answer exactly. Alternatively, the student may give the letter choice that corresponds to the correct answer. The letters W, X, Y and Z are used in lieu of A, B, C and D to avoid confusion between similar-sounding letters. The decision to require multiple-choice answers to be exact has been a controversial one, but experience has shown that it is the best way to avoid complicated disputes during matches. If a student answers a toss-up question correctly, that student's team receives a bonus question. The bonus question is always in the same category as the corresponding toss-up question. Since only that team has the opportunity to answer the bonus question, there is no need to buzz in to answer it. After the moderator finishes reading the question, the team has 20 seconds to answer. Conferring between team members is permitted, but the designated team captain must give the team's final answer. The same rules apply to the judging of responses to bonus questions as apply to responses to toss-up questions. Once the team's answer has been ruled right or wrong, the moderator proceeds to the next toss-up question. If neither team answers the toss-up question correctly, the bonus question is not read, and the moderator proceeds to the next toss-up question. The scoring at NSB is similar to scoring for Quiz Bowl, although with different numbers. Correct responses to toss-up questions are worth 4 points each, and correct responses to bonus questions are worth 10 points each. If a student buzzes in on a toss-up question before the moderator has completely read the question (""interrupting"" the question) and responds incorrectly, then 4 points are awarded to the opposing team, and the question is re-read in its entirety so that the opposing team has an opportunity to buzz in. Note the difference between interrupt scoring in Science Bowl and in Quiz Bowl: the interrupt penalty in Quiz Bowl is -5 to the interrupting team, while in Science Bowl it is +4 to the non-interrupting team. This section is concerned with the format of the national competition only. As is the case with competition rules, the competition format varies greatly among the different regional competitions. The national competition always consists of two stages: round robin and double elimination. All competing teams are randomly arranged into several round-robin groups of seven or eight teams each. Every team plays every other team in its group once, receiving 2 points for a win, 1 point for a tie, or 0 points for a loss. The top two teams from each group advance to the double elimination round. In the event that two or more teams are tied for one of the top two spots in a round robin group, there are several tiebreak procedures, applied in the following order: If a tie still exists after the third tiebreak step, the third step is reapplied until the tie is resolved. Approximately 16 teams advance from the round robin (depending on the number of round robin groups). In 2004, exactly 16 teams advanced, while in 2003 and 2002, 18 teams advanced. A team's position in the draw is determined by random draw; teams are not seeded in any way. The competition then proceeds like a typical double-elimination tournament. Unlike in the round robin, a match in double elimination cannot be tied. If a match is tied at the end of regulation, overtime periods of five questions each are played until the tie is broken. The double elimination system produces a first-place, second-place, third-place and fourth-place team, as well as two teams tied for fifth (since they are eliminated at the same time). At the NSB, these two teams play each other in an additional round to determine who wins the fifth-place position. Several companies and organizations sponsor the National Science Bowl competition, the most prominent being the United States Department of Energy. Texas Instruments sponsors NSB and furnishes graphing calculators as prizes for the members of the top five teams. General Motors is also a regular sponsor of the event, and has in recent years sponsored the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car competition held at NSB, where 16 teams compete to build the fastest or most powerful fuel cell-powered miniature car. IBM and Bechtel also sponsor the NSB. The top five teams (out of 63) at the 2005 National Science Bowl were The top five teams (out of 64) at the 2004 National Science Bowl were The full double elimination bracket from the 2004 competition is shown below. Note that the red numbers are not seed numbers, but match numbers to be used for reference in the bottom half of the bracket (the ""loser's bracket""). The top five teams (out of 66) at the 2003 National Science Bowl were The top five teams (out of 64) at the 2002 National Science Bowl were The winning teams from the years 1991-2001 (number of teams participating in parantheses):",1
Nepal_Bhasa_movement,"Nepal_Bhasa_movement  2012-01-15T11:36:24Z   Nepal Bhasa movement (Nepal Bhasa: नेपालभाषा आन्दोलन) is a linguistic movement of Nepal. It aims at the recognition and usage of Nepal Bhasa along with other Nepalese languages for official purposes. The language movement can be divided into the following era- Nepal Bhasa was the national language of medieval Nepal. After Shah dynasty ascended to Nepalese throne, Khas language was used along with Nepal Bhasa. During this era, Khas language was renamed ""Nepali"" and Nepal Bhasa was renamed ""Newari"". During Rana regime, in 1905, a law was formulated which allowed only Khas language to be the official language of Nepal and banned the official use of any other languages. This created a sense of insecurity among the Nepalbhasa-phonie community. Although direct revolution against Rana regime was not possible, Pandit Nisthananda Bajracharya, a Nepal Bhasa intellectual reacted by bringing out a printed book called k Wishanti Pragyaparmita in 1909. Before the publication of this book, Nepalbhasa was limited to manuscripts and other hand written documents. This publication is considered to be the first act in the Nepal Bhasa movement. Shukraraj Shastri, martyr of Nepal, was responsible for publishing the first grammar book of the language from India during this era. The autocratic Rana regime created resentment amongst the new educated class of Nepalese people. Many of the educated people and unsatisfied factions of Ranas started to revolt against the regime. During the Library incident, the regime retaliated by imprisoning the intellects and educated people for opening library. The imprisonment gave these intellects spare time for writing. So, many of them started writing. Kabikeshari Chittadhar Hridaya wrote an epic during this era. Many people initiated their activities in Nepal Bhasa during their stay in jail. None of the people were directly arrested for writing in Nepal bhasa. However, the impact of the writings of this era was very profound on Nepal Bhasa literature and provided a modern literary base upon which further activities could be carried. After the collapse of Rana regime, Nepal entered the first democratic era. The language activists tried to restore the official use of language as well as initiated programs for the modernization of the language. After the establishment of Radio Nepal, it broadcast programs in Nepali and English only. So, some of the concerned people made an appeal to start program in Nepal Bhasa. After some discussion, Radio Nepal allowed certain time for the broadcast of Nepal Bhasa programs. The students of Tri-Chandra College of Kathmandu, the first college in Nepal, used to publish an annual magazine called ""Light"". The magazine contained English and Nepali articles. Some of the students of the college requested the publishing committee of the magazine to include Nepal Bhasa articles as well. However, request was rejected even though there was a sizable number of students who understood Nepal Bhasa. The rejection of requests enfuriated some of the students. So, in retaliation, the students started a new magazine called ""Jah"" (""light"" in Nepal Bhasa) at their own expense. Initially, the publication was considered a rash decision. But the magazine led to the gradual organization of students interested in Nepal Bhasa in the college. In the successive years and during Panchayat era when the language was largely suppressed, the magazine served as a breeding ground for new writers as well as for language activists. The magazine, still in publication, is considered as a sign of success by the present day Nepal Bhasa organizations. On 18 April 1958, the then Kathmandu Municipality passed a resolution that it would accept applications besides publishing major decisions in Nepal Bhasa in addition to the Nepali language. This policy remained in force until 1963 when it was cancelled by the Panchayat system. Following the abolition of Panchayat and reinstatement of democracy in 1990, Kathmandu Metropolitan City declared on 25 July 1997 that its language policy would be revived. The rest of the city governments in the Kathmandu Valley announced in quick succession that they too would officially recognize Nepal Bhasa -- Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City on 14 July, Bhaktapur Municipality on 23 July, Madhyapur Thimi Municipality on 10 September, and Kirtipur Municipality on 15 September 1997. While Newars hailed the move as an overdue right, its detractors went to court. A group consisting of Lal Bahadur Thapa, Yagyanidhi Dahal, Hari Prasad Pokhrel, Achyut Raman Adhikari and Dhruba Raj Thebe filed a joint petition at the Supreme Court against their decision. And on 18 March 1998, the Supreme Court issued a stay order preventing Kathmandu Metropolitan City from using Nepal Bhasa pending a final verdict. Subsequently, on 1 June 1999, the Supreme Court quashed the decision of the local bodies as being unconstitutional. After the verdict was announced, demonstrators marched through Kathmandu in protest. ,  Nepal_Bhasa_movement  2013-07-03T12:12:19Z   Nepal Bhasa movement (Nepal Bhasa: नेपालभाषा आन्दोलन) refers to the struggle for linguistic rights of Nepal Bhasa speakers in Nepal. The campaign aims to increase its use in the home, education, government and business. Newars have been fighting to save their language from the time of the repressive Rana regime till today, and activists have been jailed, exiled and tortured. The history of Nepal Bhasa since the late 18th century has been marked by constant struggle against state repression and a hostile environment. The movement arose against the suppression of the language that began with the rise of the Shah dynasty in 1768 AD, and intensified during the Rana regime (1846-1951) and Panchayat system (1960-1990). The language movement can be divided into the following eras. Following the advent of the Shahs, the Gorkha language became the court language of Nepal, and Nepal Bhasa was replaced as the language of administration. Open suppression began in 1906 with documents in Nepal Bhasa being declared not admissible in court. In the subsequent years, authors were fined, whipped, imprisoned or expelled and their books confiscated. It was illegal to sing hymns in Nepal Bhasa or speak it on the telephone. As a result, development of the language and literature was stifled. During the period 1909 to 1941 known as the renaissance era, a few authors braved official disapproval and started writing, translating, educating and restructuring the language. Writers Nisthananda Bajracharya, Siddhidas Mahaju, Jagat Sundar Malla and Yogbir Singh Kansakar are honored as the Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa. Shukraraj Shastri and Dharmaditya Dharmacharya were also at the forefront of the movement. In 1909, Bajracharya published the first printed book using movable type. Shastri wrote a grammar of the language entitled Nepal Bhasa Vyakarana which was published from Kolkata, India in 1928. Dharmacharya published the first magazine in Nepal Bhasa Buddha Dharma wa Nepal Bhasa from Kolkata in 1925. Also, the renaissance marked the beginning of the movement to get official recognition for the name ""Nepal Bhasa"" in place of the Khas imposed term ""Newari"". In 1940, the government mounted a crackdown against democracy activists and writers in which Shukraraj Shastri was hanged. A large number of authors were imprisoned for their literary or political activities. Dharmacharya was jailed for three months. Chittadhar Hridaya was sentenced to six years, Siddhicharan Shrestha was sentenced to 18 years, Phatte Bahadur Singh was sentenced to life imprisonment and Dharma Ratna Yami was sentenced to 18 years. They were released in 1945 after serving five years. In prison, Hridaya produced his greatest work Sugata Saurabha, an epic poem on the life of the Buddha. Shrestha wrote a collection of poems entitled Seeswan (""Wax Flower"", published in 1948) among other works. Theravada Buddhist monks stood up to the Rana regime and published books on Buddhism from India and brought them into Nepal. This led to the Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal. In 1944, eight monks were expelled for refusing to stop teaching Theravada Buddhism and writing in Nepal Bhasa. In 1946, the ban on writing was lifted, and the monks were allowed to return to Nepal following international pressure. Their writings and public activities in Nepal Bhasa had a profound impact on the development of the language. Nepal Bhasa lovers took the movement to India and Tibet where they formed associations to organize writers and bring out publications to escape government suppression in Nepal. Newar merchants based in Kolkata, Kalimpong and Lhasa were major patrons of the language movement. Buddha Dharma wa Nepal Bhasa, the first ever magazine in Nepal Bhasa, was published from Kolkata in 1925 by Dharmaditya Dharmacharya. He also established a literary organization named Nepal Bhasa Sahitya Mandal (Nepal Bhasa Literature Organization) in 1926. In 1944, the Buddhist monks expelled from Nepal went to Sarnath and formed an organization named Dharmodaya Sabha. In 1947, it launched Dharmodaya magazine from Kalimpong funded by trader Maniharsha Jyoti Kansakar. Monk Aniruddha Mahathera was the first editor. Newar traders based in Lhasa promoted Thaunkanhe magazine which launched in Kathmandu in 1951. It was the first Nepal Bhasa magazine to be published from Nepal, and the first editor was a former merchant Purna Kaji Tamrakar. In 1950, a literary society named Chwasa Pasa (Pen Friend) was formed in Kolkata by Prem Bahadur Kansakar and another writer Madan Lochan Singh to bring together writers living in exile. The society moved to Nepal in 1951 after the advent of democracy. Following the fall of the Ranas and advent of democracy in 1951, there was greater linguistic freedom, and Nepal Bhasa struggled to catch up. Books, magazines and newspapers appeared. A daily newspaper Nepal Bhasa Patrika began publication in 1955. State-owned Radio Nepal began broadcasting the news in Nepal Bhasa once a day in 1951. In 1958, Kathmandu Municipality passed a resolution that it would accept applications and publish major decisions in Nepal Bhasa in addition to the Nepali language. Nepal Bhasa entered a vibrant phase in the educational system. It was included in the curriculum, and Nepal Rastriya Vidhyapitha recognized it as an alternative medium of instruction in the schools and colleges affiliated to it. In 1953, the government recognized Nepal Bhasa as a spoken language and oriental language subject. The Nepal Educational Council adopted it as an optional subject. Following lobbying by language lovers, Nepal Bhasa was included in the course of study at the high school level in 1954, at the intermediate level in 1960 and bachelor level in 1962. And for two decades, Nepal Bhasa was widely taught in schools and colleges in the Kathmandu Valley and other parts of Nepal with thousands of students studying it as an optional subject. In 1960, parliament was abolished, political parties were forbidden and the Panchayat system was established. Under this autocratic system, the government followed a one-language policy, and Nepal Bhasa suffered another period of suppression. It was gradually pushed out of the media and the educational institutions, triggering protest movements. The restrictive policy of Panchayat encouraged the formation of literary associations to provide a forum for writers to present their works. In 1962, Birat Nepal Bhasa Sahitya Sammelan Guthi (Grand Nepal Bhasa Literary Conference Trust) was formed in Bhaktapur. It organized annual literary meets which continue till today. In 1960, Nepal Bhasa students at Tri-Chandra College in Kathmandu launched an annual magazine named Jah (ज:) (meaning ""light"" in Nepal Bhasa) after the college magazine Light refused to include Nepal Bhasa articles in it. The magazine led to the organization of students interested in Nepal Bhasa in the college. That same year, they started the annual Inter-College Nepal Bhasa Literary Conference and also produced a weekly radio program in Nepal Bhasa on Radio Nepal named Jeevan Dabu (""Life's stage""). In the successive years, Jah served as a breeding ground for new writers and language activists. In 1963, Kathmandu Municipality's decision to recognize Nepal Bhasa was revoked. In 1965, the language was banned from being broadcast over Radio Nepal. The removal of Nepal Bhasa from the country's only radio station sparked a protest movement which became known as the Movement of 1965 (""Bais Salya Andolan""). The protest took the form of literary meets as other types of demonstrations were prohibited. Literary programs were held weekly in market squares and courtyards where participants recited poems and sang songs containing critical messages. The government cracked down by putting a number of activists in jail including writers Mangal Man Shakya, Pushpa Gopal Shrestha and Shree Krishna Anu. Buddhist monk Bhikshu Sudarshan Mahasthavir was jailed for six months and six days. Other prominent campaigners like Durga Lal Shrestha, Hitkar Bir Singh Kansakar and Mangal Man Shakya (of Om Bahal) were forced to go underground. The movement was made leaderless, and it came to a stop after a year. The ban on Nepal Bhasa remained, but the 1965 Movement succeeded in raising awareness about linguistic rights and arousing public opinion against the Panchayat regime. Its most important achievement was creating a new generation of writers and campaigners who would take over from the activists who fought for the language during the Rana regime and lead the movement in the subsequent decades. Nepal Bhasa Manka Khala, founded in 1979, is one of the organizations that emerged during this period to struggle for language rights. The New Education System Plan brought out in 1971 disrupted the popular study of Nepal Bhasa in educational institutions. Under the plan, vernacular subjects were removed from the curriculum, and students were forced to choose between the mother tongue and technical subjects, leading to Nepal Bhasa being pushed into the background. Student enrolment in the course dropped, resulting in the subject being pulled out of many schools and a further decline in students. From 1977, students could study Nepal Bhasa at the Master's level; but the university degree was not counted for promotion by the government, and so there were few takers for the subject. In addition to government suppression, Nepal Bhasa has faced opposition from hostile critics. After Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation began broadcasting a weekly half-hour program in Nepal Bhasa on 6 November 1983, opponents in Nepal pressured the radio station to shut it down. Similar opposition led to All India Radio - Kurseong stopping broadcasting Nepal Bhasa songs during its Nepali service in 1966. Arbitrary actions increased resentment towards Panchayat. In 1988, police arrested participants in a procession marking the birth anniversary of poet Siddhidas Mahaju. After the 1990 People's Movement that brought the Panchayat system to an end, the languages of Nepal enjoyed greater freedom. However, efforts to get Nepal Bhasa reincluded as an optional subject after a gap of two decades were unsuccessful due to lack of funding. The 1990 constitution recognized Nepal as a multi-ethnic and multilingual country. It also said that each community shall have the right to operate schools up to the primary level in its own mother tongue. However, the government's responsibility was not stated, and communities had to open such schools on their own. In 1991, Jagat Sundar Bwane Kuthi, the first Nepal Bhasa-medium school, opened in Kathmandu with the efforts of volunteers and the support of domestic and foreign donors. Meanwhile, years of efforts to gain official recognition for the standard name Nepal Bhasa finally succeeded. On 8 September 1995, the government decided that the name Nepal Bhasa should be used instead of Newari. However, the Central Bureau of Statistics has not been doing so. On 25 July 1997, Kathmandu Metropolitan City declared that its policy to recognize Nepal Bhasa, which had been passed on 18 April 1958 and cancelled by the Panchayat regime in 1963, would be revived. The rest of the city governments in the Kathmandu Valley announced in quick succession that they too would officially recognize Nepal Bhasa -- Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City on 14 July, Bhaktapur Municipality on 23 July, Madhyapur Thimi Municipality on 10 September, and Kirtipur Municipality on 15 September 1997. While Newars hailed the move, its detractors went to court. A group consisting of Lal Bahadur Thapa, Yagyanidhi Dahal, Hari Prasad Pokhrel, Achyut Raman Adhikari and Dhruba Raj Thebe filed a joint petition at the Supreme Court of Nepal against their decision. And on 18 March 1998, the Supreme Court issued a stay order preventing Kathmandu Metropolitan City from using Nepal Bhasa pending a final verdict. Subsequently, on 1 June 1999, the Supreme Court quashed the decision of the local bodies as being unconstitutional. After the verdict was announced, demonstrators marched through Kathmandu in protest. Newars have been observing June 1 as Black Day with protest meets and public demonstrations recalling the day when the Supreme Court barred Nepal Bhasa from being used in local bodies. On some occasions, the protests have been marked by vandalism and arrest of protestors by the police. A second People's Movement in 2006 ousted the Shah dynasty and Nepal became a republic which gave the people greater linguistic freedom. The 2007 Interim Constitution stated that the use of one's mother tongue in a local body or office shall not be barred.",0
Andrew Kishino,"Andrew Kishino  2021-01-09T14:46:06Z  Andrew Kishino (born March 20, 1970), also known as Big Kish (formerly Kish), is a Canadian actor and rapper. Kishino was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Kishino is best known for his 1991 single ""I Rhyme the World in 80 Days"". The song was featured on his debut album, Order from Chaos. It was accompanied by a music video shown on MuchMusic. His follow-up album, A Nation of Hoods, was released in 1994. He later moved to Los Angeles to work as a hip hop music producer. From 2001 to 2007, Kishino was married to voice actress Vanessa Marshall. They had no children. During their marriage, they founded the voice-over production company Marsh-Kish Productions. Currently, Kishino is a voice-over artist; his roles include Janja on The Lion Guard, Kevin in Steven Universe and Saw Gerrera on Star Wars: The Clone Wars. Kishino has dyslexia and is a member of Mensa. ,  Andrew Kishino  2022-12-28T04:25:17Z  Andrew Kishino (born March 20, 1970) also known as Big Kish (formerly Kish), is a Canadian voice actor. Kishino is best known for his 1991 single ""I Rhyme the World in 80 Days"". The song was featured on his debut album, Order from Chaos. It was accompanied by a music video which was played on MuchMusic. The song reached number one on the RPM Cancon chart. The second single released from the album, ""She's a Flirt"", also reached number one on the same chart. His follow-up album, A Nation of Hoods, was released in 1994. He later moved to Los Angeles to work as a hip hop music producer. From 2001 to 2007, Kishino was married to voice actress Vanessa Marshall. They had no children. During their marriage, they founded the voice-over production company Marsh-Kish Productions. Currently, Kishino is a voice-over artist; his roles include Janja on The Lion Guard, Kevin in Steven Universe, and Saw Gerrera on Star Wars: The Clone Wars and The Bad Batch. Kishino has dyslexia and is a member of Mensa.",1
The_Iron_Claw_(1941_serial),"The_Iron_Claw_(1941_serial)  2009-05-24T12:14:12Z   The Iron Claw (1941) was the 15th serial released by Columbia Pictures . A Fortune in gold, taken from the wreck of a Spanish galleon, is hidden in the home of Anton Benson, a reclusive miser. The entire Benson family and household want the gold for themselves, including a mystery villain known as The Iron Claw. Newspaper journalist Bob Lane, with his photographer Jack Strong and Benton's niece Patricia, attempt to get to the bottom of the mystery. Source:,  The_Iron_Claw_(1941_serial)  2010-08-20T20:18:15Z   The Iron Claw (1941) was the 15th serial released by Columbia Pictures . A Fortune in gold, taken from the wreck of a Spanish galleon, is hidden in the home of Anton Benson, a reclusive miser. The entire Benson family and household want the gold for themselves, including a mystery villain known as The Iron Claw. Newspaper journalist Bob Lane, with his photographer Jack Strong and Benton's niece Patricia, attempt to get to the bottom of the mystery. Source:",0
Storyhill,"Storyhill  2008-07-09T01:57:58Z   Storyhill is a American folk duo, composed of Chris Cunningham and John Hermanson. The acoustic songwriting duo formed in Bozeman, Montana in 1989, and performed together in Minnesota and Montana, creating a strong grass-roots following before surprisingly breaking up in 1996. After this, both Hermanson and Cunningham separately pursued solo and group musical endeavors. Hermanson performed with the band Alva Star and the band The Hopefuls, while Cunningham performed with Sixth Sense and singer-songwriter Justin Roth. Much to their listeners enjoyment, the pair later happily reunited. After a number of self-produced albums they signed with Red House Records to produce the album Storyhill (2007), which received favorable reviews. The group is a winner of the 2007 Kerrville New Folk Competition. This article on a band or other musical ensemble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Storyhill  2009-03-29T04:55:37Z   Storyhill is an American folk duo, composed of Chris Cunningham and John Hermanson. The acoustic songwriting duo formed in Bozeman, Montana in 1989 simply as Chris & Johnny. They did not adopt the name Storyhill until 1996. They started performing together in Montana and later Minnesota, creating a strong grass-roots following before surprisingly breaking up in 1997. After this, both Hermanson and Cunningham separately pursued solo and group musical endeavors. Hermanson performed with the band Alva Star and the band The Hopefuls, while Cunningham performed with Sixth Sense and singer-songwriter Justin Roth. Much to their listeners enjoyment, the pair later happily reunited. After a number of self-produced albums they signed with Red House Records to produce the album Storyhill (2007), which received favorable reviews. The group is a winner of the 2007 Kerrville New Folk Competition. This article on a band or other musical ensemble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Miss Curaçao,"Miss Curaçao  2006-07-22T19:32:21Z  Miss Curaçao is the long standing national pageant of the Caribbean island of Curaçao. The pageant started in 1963 and since then it had sent contestants to the Miss Universe and Miss World pageants. ,  Miss Curaçao  2007-12-03T16:35:52Z  Miss Curaçao is the long standing national female beauty pageant of the Caribbean island of Curaçao. The pageant started in 1963 and since then it had sent contestants to the Miss Universe and Miss World pageants. The organization started with the creation of the Curaçao Youth Beauty Contest Organization (CYBECO). Between 1997 and 2006 Sheida Wever, former Miss Curaçao 1985 who went to compete to the Miss Universe pageant that same year, organized the national pageant. Currently, the Curaçao Tourism Board holds the Miss Universe franchise and Reinilla Productions Developments (ReProD) holds the Miss World franchise for Curaçao. On April 14 the Miss Curaçao 2007 pageant was celebrated and the representatives from the island to Miss Universe and Miss World were chosen. Current Titleholders are Naemi Elizabeth Monte, Miss Universe Curaçao; and Lisaika Everitz, Miss World Curaçao. 1962-1963 Peggy Van Riet 1963-1964 Philomena Zielinski 1964-1965 Iris de Windt 1965-1966 Ninfa Palm 1966-1967 Elizabeth Sánchez 1967-1968 Imelda Thodé 1968-1969 Anne Marie Braafheid 1969-1970 Yvonne Wardekker 1970-1971 Nilva Maduro 1971-1972 Maria Vonhogen 1972-1973 Ingrid Prade 1973-1974 Ingeborg Zielinski 1974-1975 Catherine de Jongh 1975-1976 Jamine Fraites 1976-1977 Anneke Dijkhuizen 1977-1978 Regine Tromp 1978-1980 Solange de Castro 1980-1981 Hassana Samoud 1981-1982 Maria Maxima Croes 1982-1983 Minerva Hierons 1983-1984 Maybeline Snel 1984-1985 Susanne Verbrugge 1985-1986 Sheida Wever 1986-1987 Christine Sibilo 1987-1989 Anushka Cova 1989-1990 Anna Maria Mosteiro de Windt 1990-1991 Jacqueline Nelleke Josien Krijger 1991-1992 Mijanou de Paula 1992-1993 Elsa Roozendal 1993-1994 Jasmin Clifton 1994-1995 Maruschka Jansen 1995-1996 Vanessa Dorinda Mambi 1996-1997 Verna Angela Maria Vasquez 1997-1998 Natacha Tamara Bloem 1998-1999 Jouraine Gregoria Ricardo 1999-2000 Jozaine Marianella Wall 2000-2002 Fatima Maria Sint Jago 2002-2003 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia 2003-2005 Vanessa Maria Van Arendonk 2005-2007 Rychacviana Coffie 2007-2008 Naemi Elizabeth Monte (Miss Universe Curaçao) and Lisaika Everitz (Miss World Curaçao) Curaçao had sent contestants to Miss Universe since 1963 with Philomena Zielinki, the second Miss Curaçao. Of all the 40 representatives from the island, 4 of them have placed in the semifinals and several have been favorites and strong contenders. 1966 Elizabeth Sanchez - Miss Congeniality 1968 Anne Marie Braafheid - First Runner Up 1976 Anneke Dijkhuizen - Semifinalist 1991 Jaqcueline Nelleke Josien Krijger - Semifinalist 1997 Verna Angela Maria Vasquez - Fourth Runner up 1963 Philomena Zielinski 1964 Iris de Windt 1965 Ninfa Palm 1966 Elizabeth Sánchez 1967 Imelda Thodé 1968 Annemarie Braafheid 1969 Yvonne Wardekker 1970 Nilva Maduro 1971 Maria Vonhogen 1972 Ingrid Prade 1973 Ingeborg Zielinski 1974 Catherine de Jongh 1975 Jamine Fraites 1976 Anneke Dijkhuizen 1977 Regine Tromp 1978 Solange de Castro 1979 No participation 1980 Hassana Samoud 1981 Maria Maxima Croes 1982 Minerva Hierons 1983 Maybeline Snel 1984 Susanne Verbrugge 1985 Sheida Wever 1986 Christine Sibilo 1987 Viennaline Arvelo 1988 No participation 1989 Anna Mosteiro 1990 No participation 1991 Jacqueline Nelleke Josien Krijger 1992 Mijanou de Paula 1993 Elsa Roozendal 1994 Jasmin Clifton 1995 Maruschka Jansen 1996 Vanessa Dorinda Mambi 1997 Verna Angela Maria Vasquez 1998 Natacha Tamara Bloem 1999 Jouraine Gregoria Ricardo 2000 No participation 2001 Maria Fatima Sint Jago 2002 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia 2003 Vanessa Maria Van Arendonk 2004 Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes 2005 Rychacviana Coffie 2006 No participation 2007 Naemi Elizabeth Monte Curaçao's debut in Miss World occurred in 1975. Usually the winner, a runner-up or hand picked delegate is send as the national representative. Of all the 27 representatives from the island, only 1 of them have placed in the semifinals and few have been favorites. Since 2007, a national winner is selected for this international pageant, current Miss World Curaçao is Lisaika Everitz. 2000 Jozaine Marianella Wall - Caribbean Queen of Beauty 2002 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia - Semifinalist 1975 Elvira Bakker 1976 Viveca Marchena 1977 Xiomara Winklaar 1978 Silvana Trinidad 1979 No participation 1980 Soraida de Windt 1981 Mylene Gerard 1982 Vendetta Roozendal 1983 Yvette Domacasse 1984 Ivette Atacho 1985 Lidushka Curiel 1986 No participation 1987 Diana Fraai 1988 Anushka Cova 1989 Supharmy Sadjie 1990 Jacqueline Nelleke Josien Krijger 1991 Nashaira Desbarida 1992 Christina Bakhuis 1993 Sally Daflaar 1994 Marisa Bos 1995 Danique Regales 1996 Yandra Faulborn 1997 No participation 1998 Jearmeane Colastica 1999 No participation 2000 Jozaine Marianella Wall 2001 No participation 2002 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia 2003 Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes 2004 Sue-Ann Stephanie Hudson 2005 No participation 2006 Fyrena Judica Hannah Martha 2007 Mckeyla Antoinette Richards Curaçao's debut in Miss World occurred in 1971. Of the 7 representatives from the island, only 1 of them have placed in the semifinals. The island had been absent in this pageant since 2002. 1971 Imelda Thode - Miss Friendship 1999 Pamela Winkel - Semifinalist 1971 Imelda Thode 1997 Jadira Bislick 1998 Santa Tokaay 1999 Pamela Winkel 2000 Roselle Augusta 2001 Vanessa Van Arendonk 2002 Luz Thonysha de Souza Curaçao's debuted in Miss Earth in 2006. 2006 Kristal Rose Sprock 2007 Fyrena Martha (failed to show, but was designated official representative) Curaçao's debuted in Miss Tourism Queen International in 2007. 2007 Shadee Braun 2007 Shadee Braun Anne is the most successful Miss Curaçao ever, placing as First Runner-Up in Miss Universe 1968. The most loved beauty queen of Curaçao holds some records of the Miss Universe pageant; first, she became the second black contestant to become one of the Top 5 finalists; and she is the first ever black woman to attain the position of 1st Runner Up. The Miss Universe crown went that year to Brazil's Martha Vasconcellos. Curaçao's Verna Vasquez went to compete to Miss Universe 1997 in Miami Beach, Florida. She was the favorite contestant to win the crown, she made the semifinals after obtaining the highest score of the preliminary competition. During the finals, Verna reached the first position in the Evening Gown competition and won the Best in Swimsuit award. Verna entered the Top 6 with the second highest score but finished as the 4th Runner Up, after a middling interview score. Many people believe that Verna should have been Miss Universe 1997 instead of the eventual winner, Brook Mahealani Lee from Hawaii, USA. Jozaine Marianella Wall is one of the two Miss Curaçao that did not attend the Miss Universe pageant. She was 17 years old at the time she won the national pageant which unabled her to compete at this pageant whose minimum age is 18. After a legal battle with the organizers, Jozaine was sent to the Miss World 2000 pageant in London, United Kingdom. Over there, she became a favorite and was considered as the best contestant from the Caribbean Isles. She did not place in the Top Ten, but she managed to win the Queen of the Caribbean Isles title which proved that she was very near in reaching the select group of semifinalists. Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia competed at Miss Universe 2002 celebrated in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Since her election Ayanette became a strong favorite considered as the best black contestant of the pageant. Ayanette did not disappointed her fans, during the competition she was cataloged as one of the three most beautiful faces of the pageant, along with the dethroned winner of Miss Universe 2002, Oxana Fedorova. Even though she manage to give an outstanding presentation Curaçao's name was not called in the semifinals of Miss Universe 2002 which was a shock by many. After Miss Universe, Ayanette was sent to the Miss World 2002 pageant held in Nigeria, she arrived late because of some problems with her flight, and again Ayanette became a strong favorite. This time, Ayanette became Curaçao's first and only semifinalist so far in Miss World. Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes was the first runner-up of the 2003 Miss Curaçao pageant won by Vanessa Maria Van Arendonk. With her placement she had the duty to represent Curaçao at the Miss World 2003 pageant held in Sanya, People's Republic of China. Angeline's beauty impressed many people around the world making her one of the strongest contestants of the Caribbean region. After her great performance in Miss World, a group of fans and friends from around the world made a formal petition to Sheida Wever, president of the national pageant, to send her to the Miss Universe pageant. Angeline was chosen as Curaçao's representative to the Miss Universe 2004 pageant held in Quito, Ecuador. Angeline went to the two most important international beauty pageants in the world without even winning the national pageant, and she achieved to become a favorites in both. Rychacviana Coffie won the 2005 Miss Curaçao pageant,she was crowned by Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes. Seven contestants participated in the pageant where Rychacviana was the obvious frontrunner of the competition. She went to the Miss Universe 2005 pageant held in Bangkok, Thailand where she was raved by fans and considered along with Shermain Sunja Jeremy (Miss Antigua and Barbuda) as the best black contestants of the pageant. She did an outstanding presentation which was predictable because Rychacviana won in 2002 the Miss Intercontinental pageant in Germany.",1
Pelham_Park_and_City_Island_Railway,"Pelham_Park_and_City_Island_Railway  2010-03-14T20:19:35Z   The Pelham Park & City Island Railroad was a short suburban railroad in the Bronx, New York City, which connected City Island with the mainland Bronx. For the majority of its existence it was a horse-drawn streetcar line; between 1910 and 1914, it operated as a monorail system, nicknamed The Flying Lady. Prior to 1913, the system consisted of two constituent companies; the Pelham Park Railroad Company and the City Island Railroad; before merger, the City Island Railroad leased its tracks for the Pelham Park Railroad to use. In 1914, the system was sold to the Third Avenue Railway by its then owner, the Interborough Rapid Transit Company. In 1919, the Third Avenue Railway petitioned the New York Public Service Commission to permit abandonment, on the grounds of insufficient funds to continue operation, the permission being granted. Operation ceased on August 9, 1919.,  Pelham_Park_and_City_Island_Railway  2011-10-18T21:15:00Z   The Pelham Park & City Island Railroad was a short street railway in The Bronx, New York City, which connected City Island with the Bartow station of the New Haven Railroad on the mainland of The Bronx. For most of its existence it was horse-drawn; between 1910 and 1914, the portion on the mainland operated as a monorail system. The lone operational monorail car was nicknamed The Flying Lady. The line was incorporated as two companies on August 30, 1884; the Pelham Park Railroad Company and the City Island Railroad. The two would connect end to end at Marshall's Corner on Rodman's Neck, just short of the bridge to City Island. At the time the territory to be traversed lay entirely within the Town of Pelham in Westchester County. The Pelham Park Railroad was designated as the operator of the 3-ft. 6-inch narrow-gauge system. The line opened from the Bartow station to Marshall's Corner on May 20, 1887. Five days later operations were extended across the bridge to City Island and along City Island Avenue to Brown's Hotel. By 1892 the line had reached Belden's Point, its final terminal. The length of the combined system was 3. 2 miles. In 1895 New York City's Borough of The Bronx was enlarged to its present size and the area through which the horsecars ran was included within the new boundaries. On March 14, 1902, some two years before it began operating New York City's first subway, the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) took control of the two companies. An experimental operation of a monorail by Howard Hansel Tunis at the Jamestown (Virginia) exposition of 1907 impressed the management of the IRT, and during the winter of 1908-09 permission was obtained to construct a similar electric monorail from the New York State Public Service Commission and various New York City agencies. The monorail, between the Bartow station and Marshall's Corner, opened for regular service on July 16, 1910, although the cars unofficially began carrying passengers two days earlier. The monorail car toppled over on its maiden journey, and operation was immediately suspended. Service was ultimately restored on November 14, 1910. The monorail was not a success and the IRT forced the companies into bankruptcy on December 4, 1911. The monorail on the line's western end and the narrow-gauge horsecar line on the eastern end continued to operate. In 1913 the IRT decided to convert the line to a standard-gauge electric trolley system and with this in mind, merged the two companies into a new entity, the Pelham Park and City Island Railroad, which took over operation on July 1, 1913. The trackage across the bridge and on City Island was converted to standard gauge, with leased New York Railways horsecars taking over the service. The monorail ceased operation on April 3, 1914, with service temporarily operated by a leased bus from Fifth Avenue Coach Lines. On July 9, 1914, the company was sold to the Third Avenue Railway by its owner, the Interborough Rapid Transit Company. After taking control on August 1, 1914 the Third Avenue quickly completed construction of the standard-gauge railway, but did not install overhead wire. The last horsecar in The Bronx completed its run during the midday hours on August 18, 1914 and the first storage battery car began operation from Bartow to the line's end on City Island 15 minutes later. In 1919, the Third Avenue Railway petitioned the New York Public Service Commission to permit abandonment, on the grounds of insufficient funds to continue operation, the permission being granted. Operation ceased on August 9, 1919.",0
Atrium_Musicae_de_Madrid,"Atrium_Musicae_de_Madrid  2009-09-02T06:52:01Z   Atrium Musicae was an early music ensemble from Madrid, Spain, founded in the 1970s by Gregorio Paniagua, a Spanish monk. Perhaps the group's most famous recording is Musique de la Grèce Antique (Music of Ancient Greece), in which they performed ancient Greek music carefully taken down off scattered fragments of still existing papyrus. Performing the ancient compositions also meant the reconstruction of an arsenal of ancient instruments. This certainly was a fascinating aspect of the group's life performances during a series of acclaimed international tours. The success of this 1978 recording is not the only feather in the group's collective cap. The 1976 Musique Arabo-Andalouse delves into Hispanic-Moslem music, and is credited with creating a whole new interest in this fascinating genre of southern Spain. From the late 1970s into the early 1980s the group began a series of recordings dealing with 15th and 16th century popular Spanish songs, then sailed to the New World for the fascinating Las Indias de Espana, a recording of Pre-Columbian music collected from archives. The decision to dissolve the group was no doubt based on some of the younger brothers' interest in beginning solo careers. This article about a Spanish band or other musical ensemble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Atrium_Musicae_de_Madrid  2011-03-22T02:31:29Z   Atrium Musicae was an early music ensemble from Madrid, Spain, founded in 1964 by Gregorio Paniagua, a Spanish monk. Perhaps the group's most famous recording is Musique de la Grèce Antique (Music of Ancient Greece), in which they performed ancient Greek music carefully taken down off scattered fragments of still existing papyrus. Performing the ancient compositions also meant the reconstruction of an arsenal of ancient instruments. This certainly was a fascinating aspect of the group's life performances during a series of acclaimed international tours. The success of this 1978 recording is not the only feather in the group's collective cap. The 1976 Musique Arabo-Andalouse delves into Hispanic-Moslem music, and is credited with creating a whole new interest in this fascinating genre of southern Spain. From the late 1970s into the early 1980s the group began a series of recordings dealing with 15th and 16th century popular Spanish songs, then sailed to the New World for the fascinating Las Indias de Espana, a recording of Pre-Columbian music collected from archives. The decision to dissolve the group was no doubt based on some of the younger brothers' interest in beginning solo careers. This article about a Spanish band or other musical ensemble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Balochistan Police,"Balochistan Police  2018-02-05T23:08:03Z  Balochistan Police (Baloch, Urdu: بلوچستان پولیس) is responsible for policing urban Balochistan, Pakistan. Its strength is 38,000 as of 2017. The current Inspector General of Police, Balochistan is Moazzam Jah Ansari. Balochistan Police is responsible for the law and order situation in mostly urban areas only, which are called A areas. ,  Balochistan Police  2019-12-12T04:38:58Z  Balochistan Police (Baloch, Urdu: بلوچستان پولیس) is responsible for policing urban Balochistan, Pakistan. Its strength is 38,000 as of 2018. The current Inspector General of Police, Balochistan is Mohsin Hassan Butt. Balochistan Police is responsible for the law and order situation in mostly urban areas only, which are called A areas. This division has been in place, in various forms, since the time of the British Raj. Balochistan's rural areas, called B areas, are policed by the Balochistan Levies. The Frontier Corps operates in both areas. This division is seen as a severe handicap by the police as criminals based outside their limited area of jurisdiction can easily plan attacks and run away. The distinction was eliminated by Musharraf, however, it was brought back by the PPP government of 2008 under CM Balochistan Aslam Raisani. The frequent swings in policy obviously do not allow institution-building and hurt the agencies' abilities to deal with crime. Since Pakistan's post 9/11 involvement in the Global War on Terror targeted killings, kidnappings, and terrorist attacks have risen substantially. In 2013 there were several bombings targeting the Hazara community in Quetta. and attacks on police including senior officials. PPP formed a government in Balochistan and ruled in a coalition with Nawab Aslam Raisani as Chief Minister. Aslam Raisana chose Humayan Joegazai as CCPO Quetta, who was known to have close links with lashkar-e-Jhangvi. During the start of his career, he ordered policemen to fire live rounds at Hazara protesters. 25 innocent civilians were killed. He was brought back to Quetta by Raisani and during his tenure, things once again took a turn for the worse, particularly for the Hazara community. The number of terrorist attacks dropped from 205 in 2013 to 154 in 2014 (a 25 percent decline) and the number of people killed in terrorist attacks fell from around 350 in 2013 to 48 in 2014 (an 86 percent decline). .",1
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2021-01-05T19:41:12Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the TEDA Holding (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club is one of the only four clubs that has stayed in the top tier for all fifteen seasons since the establishment of Chinese Super League, the other three being Shandong Luneng, Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club in 1956. The players were mainly from the United White team that lost to the United Red team in the finals of the 1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial. The club took part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however, short-lived, and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however, be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the club's management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995, while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club, and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It seemed like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did, winning the game 2–1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the players' wages, and it was not until the club's owner, Liu Huiwen, heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. In subsequent seasons they struggled and declined in the ranks, coming within one rank of relegation in the 2018 Chinese Super League. After a short comeback of 7th place in the 2019 season, their situation continued to get worse. Despite the efforts of firing German Uli Stielike and replacing him with Wang Baoshan to attempt for positive changes midway of the season, TEDA were placed last finishing the regular portion of the 2020 season, with a winless league season of only 3 draws. TEDA also became the first team in CSL history to suffer a winless season (excluding specialized playoffs in 2020 due to the occurrence of COVID-19). Additionally, this season is the worst season in terms of points for both TEDA and any team in CSL history. As an outcome, TEDA sparked the public anger of many of its fans. Plenty of them went on social media such as Weibo to criticize the team and expressing their deep dissatisfaction towards the players, the coach, as well as club officials. Nevertheless, they won two matches out of six relegation playoffs, which eventually earned them a surprising tenth place as their final position. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Also, Tianjin Tianhai were considered their rivals developed during recent years due to the separation of some Tianjinese fans. The two teams used the same ground in 2019 season. Nevertheless, this rivalry came to an end followed by the dissolution of Tianhai in 2020. As of 26 December 2020 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 26 December 2020 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2020 season. Key As of 2020 season,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2022-12-26T10:33:12Z  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger Football Club is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin, and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium with a seating capacity of 54,696. The founding owners of the team are TEDA Holding (the sponsorship name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area), a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and were runners-up in the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club is one of only four clubs that has stayed in the top tier for all fifteen seasons since the establishment of the Chinese Super League, the other three being Shandong Luneng Taishan, Beijing Guoan, and Shanghai Shenhua. Notable players of the team include Yu Genwei and Li Weifeng. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China Football Team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin Football Team in 1956. The players were mainly from the United White team that lost to the United Red team in the finals of the 1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial. The club took part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing Football Team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to Bayi Football Team football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however, short-lived, and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however, be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the club's management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995, while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club, and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin TEDA F.C. for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It seemed like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai COSCO Sanlin on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did, winning the game 2–1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai COSCO Sanlin players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the players' wages, and it was not until the club's owner, Liu Huiwen, heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. In subsequent seasons they struggled and declined in the ranks, coming within one rank of relegation in the 2018 Chinese Super League. After a short comeback of 7th place in the 2019 season, their situation continued to get worse. Despite the efforts of firing German Uli Stielike and replacing him with Wang Baoshan to attempt for positive changes midway of the season, TEDA were placed last finishing the regular portion of the 2020 season, with a winless league season of only 3 draws. TEDA also became the first team in CSL history to suffer a winless season (excluding specialized playoffs in 2020 due to the occurrence of COVID-19). Additionally, this season is the worst season in terms of points for both TEDA and any team in CSL history. As an outcome, TEDA sparked the public anger of many of its fans. Plenty of them went on social media such as Weibo to criticize the team and expressing their deep dissatisfaction towards the players, the coach, as well as club officials. Nevertheless, they won two matches out of six relegation playoffs, which eventually earned them a surprising tenth place as their final position. Since the end of the 2020 season, series of reports revealed a fact that the team would be discontinued by the TEDA group. The team did not regroup for winter training, while players began to terminate their contract and move to other teams. Many claimed that their salaries were unpaid. On 28 February 2021, Tianjin Jinmen Tiger failed to submit entrance files for the 2020 season, when it came to a consensus that the team would possibly not participate in the 2021 CSL, although the team constantly remained silent about the issue. Then on 23 March, the day when the CFA was supposed to publish the entry list for the 2021 season, sources claimed that Tianjin Jinmen Tiger would re-submit necessary files for participation, while the publication was actually postponed. A few days later, Tianjin Tigers was officially listed among other 2021 CSL teams, indicating a dramatic revive. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C. and holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Jinmen Tiger and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China Football Team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Also, Tianjin Tianhai were considered their rivals developed during recent years due to the separation of some Tianjinese fans. The two teams used the same ground in 2019 season. Nevertheless, this rivalry came to an end followed by the dissolution of Tianhai in 2020. As of 26 December 2020 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2021 season. Key As of 2020 season",1
Alicia Witt,"Alicia Witt  2006-01-02T03:35:25Z  Alicia Roanne Witt (born August 21, 1975 in Worcester, Massachusetts) is an American actress. Witt was discovered by David Lynch, when she appeared on the first episode of That's Incredible in 1980, reciting Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He then cast her for the movie Dune (1984), where she played Muad'Dib's young sister Alia of the Knife. After this, Witt left Hollywood for six years, concentrating on school and music. She took piano lessons at Boston University and won several national and international classical piano competitions, including the Bartok-Kabalevsky International Piano Competition. At age 14, Alicia earned her High School Diploma and, shortly thereafter, moved permanently to Hollywood with her mother (who is noted in the Guinness Book of Records for the world's longest hair) to pursue a career as a full-time actress. Soon, David Lynch, whom she refers to as a mentor, created the role of Gersten Hayward in his hit series Twin Peaks especially for her. He would again cast her in the segment Blackout in his short-lived HBO series Hotel Room. That was the last collaboration between the two for the time being. At that time, Alicia was already supporting herself playing the piano at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel. She then went on to small parts in Mike Figgis' Liebestraum (in which her brother Ian also appears), the Gen-X drama Bodies, Rest & Motion and the TV-Movie The Disappearance of Vonnie. In 1994, Alicia landed her first lead-role in a feature film playing the disturbed teenager Bonnie in Fun. She received the Special Jury Recognition Award at the Sundance Festival and was nominated for Best Actress at the Independent Spirit Awards. This performance made Madonna want Witt to be cast as her witch-lover in the first segment The missing ingredient of Four Rooms. She was introduced to a larger audience playing the role of Zoey Woodbine, the daughter of actress Cybill Shepherd's character in the sitcom Cybill from 1995 to 1998. Between seasons, she kept on starring in feature films; Mr. Holland's Opus, Alexander Payne's abortion comedy Citizen Ruth, Passion's Way and Bongwater. After Cybill got cancelled, Alicia got another leading role in the Scream-ish campus-horror Urban Legend and the animated feature Gen 13 which was never released, because the studio stopped funding before the completion of the movie. 2000 was a busy year for Witt with guest starring roles on the shows Ally McBeal, and The Sopranos, the lead in the comedy Playing Mona Lisa, an instant-classic turn as an anal porn star in John Waters' Cecil B. Demented and her stage-debut in Robbie Fox's musical The Gift at the now closed Tiffany Theater in Los Angeles, in which she played a high priced stripper with a disease. In the years following, things got more quiet around Witt. She had a small part in Cameron Crowe's Vanilla Sky, which was in fact intended as a reference to her roles in Dune and Liebestraum. She also played a college graduate who talks about losing her virginity in the experimental Ten Tiny Love Stories and the trailer trash girl Barbie in American Girl, which was released to video in 2005. She turned down the role of Mary Jane Watson in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man and made her comeback to mainstream cinema in the 2002 romantic comedy Two Weeks Notice. In 2003 and 2004, she turned her back to Hollywood and lived in the UK most of the time, filming The Upside of Anger opposite Kevin Costner and starring as Evelyn in a new stage-production of Neil LaBute's The Shape of Things. In between these two gigs, she went to South Africa to shoot the German TV-Movie Kingdom in Twilight. She plays Kriemhild in this filmic interpretation of the epic poem Das Nibelungenlied. Witt currently resides in L.A. with her cat Jessie and her boyfriend, screenwriter Nathan Foulger. On June 14, 2004, Witt modeled what is believed to be the most expensive hat ever made, for Christie's auction house in London. The Champrau d'Amour, designed by Louis Mariette, is valued at $2.7 million (US) and is covered in diamonds. Sophisticated Lady: An Alicia Witt Fansite,  Alicia Witt  2007-12-25T16:43:36Z  Alicia Roanne Witt (born August 21, 1975) is an American film, stage and television actress who can currently be seen on the series Law & Order: Criminal Intent. Witt was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, the daughter of Diane, a junior high school reading teacher, and Robert Witt, a science teacher and photographer. She has a brother, Ian. Witt was discovered by David Lynch when she appeared on the television show That's Incredible! in 1980; she had recited Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He cast her in the movie Dune (1984), where she played Paul Atreides' young sister Alia Atreides. She turned eight during the making of this film. Afterwards, she left Hollywood to concentrate on her studies and music. She was home schooled by her parents. She studied piano at Boston University and won several national and international classical piano competitions, including the ""Bartok-Kabalevsky International Piano Competition"". At age fourteen, Witt earned her high school diploma. Shortly thereafter, she moved to Hollywood with her mother (who was noted from 1988-93 in the Guinness Book of Records for the world's longest hair) to pursue a career as a full-time actress. Soon, David Lynch, to whom she refers as a mentor, created the role of Gersten Hayward especially for her in his successful series Twin Peaks. He cast her again in Blackout, a segment in his short-lived HBO series Hotel Room. That was the last collaboration between the two for a while. During this time, Witt supported herself by playing piano at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel. She went on to play small parts in Mike Figgis' Liebestraum (in which her brother Ian also appears), the Gen-X drama Bodies, Rest & Motion and the TV movie The Disappearance of Vonnie. In 1994, Witt landed her first lead role in a film, playing a disturbed teenager named Bonnie in Fun. She received the Special Jury Recognition Award at the Sundance Festival and was nominated for Best Actress at the Independent Spirit Awards. This performance made Madonna want Witt to be cast as her witch-lover in the first segment, ""The Missing Ingredient"" of Four Rooms. Witt was introduced to a larger audience playing the role of Zoey Woodbine, daughter of actress Cybill Shepherd's character in the sitcom Cybill from 1995 to 1998. Between seasons she starred in films: Mr. Holland's Opus, Alexander Payne's abortion comedy Citizen Ruth, Passion's Way and Bongwater. After Cybill was cancelled, Witt received a leading role in the Scream-ish campus-horror Urban Legend and the animated feature Gen¹³ which was never released because the studio stopped funding before the completion of the movie. In 2000, Witt had starring roles on the television shows Ally McBeal and The Sopranos; the lead role in the comedy Playing Mona Lisa, an instant-classic turn as an anal porn star in John Waters' Cecil B. Demented, and her stage debut in Robbie Fox's musical The Gift at the now-closed Tiffany Theater in Los Angeles, in which she played a high-priced stripper with a disease. In the years following, Witt's acting career slowed down. She had a small part in Cameron Crowe's Vanilla Sky, which was intended as a reference to her roles in Dune and Liebestraum. She also played a college graduate who discussed losing her virginity in the experimental Ten Tiny Love Stories and the trailer-trash girl Barbie in American Girl, which was released to video in 2005. She appeared in the 2002 romantic comedy Two Weeks Notice. In 2003 and 2004, she turned her back on Hollywood and lived primarily in the UK filming The Upside of Anger opposite Kevin Costner; and she starred as Evelyn in a stage-production of Neil LaBute's The Shape of Things. Between the two projects, she went to South Africa to shoot the German TV movie Kingdom in Twilight which also goes by the name The Sword of Xanten and The Ring of the Nibelungs. She played Kriemhild in this film interpretation of the epic poem Das Nibelungenlied, which was released in the US as Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King. On June 14, 2004, Witt modeled what is believed to be the most expensive hat ever made, for Christie's auction house in London. The Champrau d'Amour, designed by Louis Mariette, is valued at $2.7 million (US) and is covered in diamonds. See the hat. In September 2006 she returned to the London stage, offering an ""impressive...formidable"" performance as the piano-playing Abigail, a role specifically written to exploit her musical talent, at the Royal Court Theatre. Witt has joined the cast of Law & Order: Criminal Intent for the 2007-08 season as Det. Nola Falacci, a character who is a temporary replacement for Julianne Nicholson's character as Nicholson is out on maternity leave.",1
Safari (web browser),"Safari (web browser)  2007-01-03T12:38:25Z  Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Computer, Inc. and is available as part of Mac OS X. It was included as the default browser in Mac OS X v10.3 (Panther) and is the only browser bundled with Mac OS X v10.4 (Tiger). Safari uses Apple's brushed metal user interface, has a bookmark management scheme that functions like the iTunes jukebox software, integrates Apple's QuickTime multimedia technology, and features a tabbed-browsing interface similar to that of Firefox, Internet Explorer 7 and Opera. A Google search box is a standard component of the Safari interface, as are software services that automatically fill out web forms, manage passwords via Keychain and spell check entries into web page text fields. The browser also includes an integrated pop-up ad blocker and a configurable image blocker. Since the release of Safari, its browser usage share has been climbing but is still below 5%. For the month of August 2006, thecounter.com reports that Safari has a usage share of 2%; NetApplications.com reports that Safari has a usage share of 4.03% as of November 2006. Until 1997, Apple Macintosh computers had shipped with Netscape Navigator. Microsoft's Internet Explorer for Mac was subsequently included as the default web browser as part of the five-year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. Microsoft released five major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac, with the last one being released on March 27, 2000. On January 7, 2003, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed in-house their own web browser called Safari. They released the first beta version that day and a number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. Available as a separate download initially, it was included with the Mac OS X v10.3 release on October 24, 2003, as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. Since the release of Mac OS X v10.4 in April 29, 2005, Safari is the only web browser included with the operating system. Safari uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (based on KDE's kjs JavaScript engine). Like KHTML and kjs, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements, remains proprietary. Version 2.0 of Safari, released on April 29, 2005, includes a built in RSS and Atom reader. Other features include Private Browsing (a mode in which no record of information about the user's web activity is retained), the ability to archive and e-mail web pages, the ability to search bookmarks, and a reported 1.8x speed boost over version 1.2.4. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his progress fixing bugs in Safari to get it to pass the Acid2 test. On April 27, 2005, he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. The changes were not initially available to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at opendarwin.org. However on October 31, 2005, Apple released version 2.0.2 of Safari that included the Acid2 bug fixes. ,  Safari (web browser)  2008-12-29T08:02:54Z  Safari is a proprietary Internet web browser developed by Apple Inc. First released as a public beta on January 7, 2003 on the company's Mac OS X operating system, it became Apple's default browser beginning with Mac OS X v10.3, commonly known as ""OS X Panther."" Apple has also made Safari the native browser for the iPhone and iPod Touch. On June 11, 2007, a version of Safari was released for the Microsoft Windows operating system, supporting both Windows XP and Windows Vista. Safari has a 7.13% market share as of November 2008 Safari offers most features common to modern web browsers such as: Until 1997, Apple Macintosh computers had shipped with Netscape Navigator only, competing with Internet Explorer 2.x and 3. Microsoft's Internet Explorer for Mac was subsequently included as the default web browser as part of the five year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. However, Netscape Navigator continued to be included. Microsoft released three major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac that were bundled with the OS, with the last one, Internet Explorer 5 being released on March 27, 2000. On January 7, 2003, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed their own web browser based on KHTML rendering engine, called Safari. They released the first beta version that day and a number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. Available as a separate download initially, it was included with the Mac OS X v10.3 release on October 24, 2003, as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. Since the release of Mac OS X v10.4 in April 29, 2005, Safari is the only web browser included with the operating system. Safari uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (based on KDE's JavaScript engine named KJS). Like KHTML and KJS, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements, remains proprietary. Version 2.0 of Safari, was released on April 29, 2005 and runs only on Mac OS X 10.4.x (Tiger) or later. It includes a built-in RSS and Atom reader. Other features include Private Browsing (a mode in which no record of information about the user's web activity is retained) which has become the origin of the now popular term ""porn mode"" for web browsers, the ability to archive (using the proprietary .webarchive format) and e-mail web pages, the ability to search bookmarks, and a reported 1.8 times speed boost over version 1.2.4. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his progress fixing bugs in Safari to get it to pass the Acid2 test. On April 27, 2005, he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. The changes were not initially available to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at opendarwin.org. However on October 31, 2005, Apple released version 2.0.2 of Safari that included the Acid2 bug fixes. On January 9, 2007, Jobs formally announced Apple's iPhone, which uses a version of the Safari browser known as MobileSafari. At the 2007 Worldwide Developers Conference, Jobs announced Safari 3 for Microsoft Windows XP and Windows Vista. At the announcement, he ran a benchmark, based on the iBench browser test suite, hence claiming that Safari was the fastest browser. External measurement of HTTP load times suggested that Safari was the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, but is tied with Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox when comparing loading from caches. The Safari beta version for Windows had several known bugs and a zero day exploit that allows remote execution, upon its initial beta release on June 11, 2007, in version 3.0. The addressed bugs were then corrected by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1 on Windows. On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance issues and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handles some fonts that are missing in the browser but already installed on Windows computers, such as Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, and others. There is also a guide that allows the software to run under Linux with Wine. The final release of the Windows version (3.1 (525.13)) was offered as a free download on March 18, 2008. In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2, addressing a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site would force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop. On June 2, 2008 the WebKit development team announced SquirrelFish - a new JavaScript engine that vastly improves Safari's speed at interpreting scripts. The engine is one of the new features in Safari 4, released for developers on June 11, 2008. Apple Software Update, which is bundled with QuickTime and iTunes in Microsoft Windows, automatically selects to also install Safari even when it is not detected on a user's machine. John Lilly, CEO of Mozilla, stated that Apple's use of its updating software to promote its other products is ""a bad practice and should stop."" He argued that the practice ""borders on malware distribution practices"" and ""undermines the trust that all trying to build with users."" Apple has responded to Lilly's statement, saying that the company is only trying to ensure users have the latest updates to Safari, Apple also released a new version of Apple Software Update that puts new software in its own section, although still selected for installation by default. At the 2008 PWN 2 OWN security conference hosted by CanSecWest, an exploit in Safari caused Mac OS X to be the first to fall in a ""hacker Super Bowl"". Participants competed to find a way to read the contents of a file located on the user's desktop, in one of three operating systems: Mac OS X Leopard, Windows Vista SP1, and Ubuntu 7.10. On the second day of the contest, when users were allowed to physically interact with the computers (the prior day permitted only network attacks), Charlie Miller compromised Mac OS X within two minutes, through an unpatched vulnerability of the PCRE library used by Safari. The original end user license agreement for Safari on Windows was self-contradictory for several months, reading in part: This License allows you to install and use one copy of the Apple Software on a single Apple-labeled computer at a time. As personal computers running Windows are not Apple-labeled computers, with the exception of Intel-based Mac computers running Windows, it was impossible for most users of Windows to use the software and abide by the license agreement. Within hours of the story breaking, Apple changed the agreement to read: This license allows you to install and use one copy of the Apple Software on each computer owned or controlled by you. Updates through Apple Software Update still contained the old license. Safari usually requires the latest system update in order to function. For Windows, these are Service Packs, and for Mac OS X, these are minor version releases. OS X web browsers",1
Breton_grammar,"Breton_grammar  2009-08-03T05:51:19Z   The grammar of the Breton language. Breton has two genders, masculine (gourel) and feminine (gwregel). The neuter (nepreizh), which did exist in Brythonic survives in a few words such as tra (thing) considered as masculine but which behave like a feminine. The gender of a noun is mostly arbitrary and can vary from place to place. In Breton, unlike other Celtic languages, there are two forms of the article, definite and indefinite. The definite article is ""an"" (the), and the indefinite article is ""un"" (a). These final consonant, 'n', in these articles changes depending on the following consonant. It is realized as 'n' in front of 'n', 'd', 't', 'h', and vowels, as 'l' in front of 'l' and as 'r' in front of all other consonants. There are two kinds of adjectives in Breton, synthetic adjectives, for example ""bras"" (big) inflects as -ø (stative), -oc’h (comparative), -añ (superlative) and -at (exclamative). Other adjectives, for example ""heñval"" (similar) do not inflect. Adverbs do not inflect. Like other Celtic languages, prepositions in Breton come in two forms, non-conjugated and conjugated. ,  Breton_grammar  2011-08-04T02:00:06Z   The Breton language is a Celtic and Indo-European language, and its grammar has many traits common with these languages. Like most Indo-European languages, it has gender, plurals, articles and inflections. Breton has masculine and feminine genders. In addition to plurals, it also has an unusual singulative marker. The language has both a definite and indefinite article. Breton has two genders, masculine (gourel) and feminine (gwregel). The neuter (nepreizh), which existed in Brythonic, survives in a few words such as tra (thing) considered as masculine but behaving as if they were feminine. The gender of a noun is mostly arbitrary and can vary from place to place. There are however some suffixes that have always the same gender: Most plural forms are formed with -(i)où, but other common suffixes are -ien, -ed, -i, . . . A distinctive and unusual feature of Brittonic languages is a singulative marker, which is in Breton marked with the suffix -enn. While the noun gwez means ""trees"" (collective), the word gwezenn means ""a single tree"". The latter can even be made into a regular plural gwezennoù meaning ""several trees "". In Breton, unlike other Celtic languages, there are two forms of the article, definite and indefinite. The definite article is ""an"" (the), and the indefinite article is ""un"" (a). The final consonant, 'n', in these articles changes depending on the following consonant. It is realised as 'n' in front of 'n', 'd', 't', 'h', and vowels, as 'l' in front of 'l' and as 'r' in front of all other consonants. There are two kinds of adjectives in Breton, synthetic adjectives, for example ""bras"" (big) inflects as -ø (stative), -oc’h (comparative), -añ (superlative) and -at (exclamative). Other adjectives, for example ""heñval"" (similar) do not inflect. Adverbs do not inflect. Like other Celtic languages, prepositions in Breton come in two forms, non-conjugated and conjugated. Verbs inflect for person, number, tense and mood. Breton verbs have impersonal forms, verbal adjectives, but no participles. Unlike other Celtic languages, Breton has a distinct periphrastic continuous aspect.",0
Paterson Joseph,"Paterson Joseph  2005-09-06T19:36:53Z  Paterson Joseph is a black British actor, born 22 June 1964 in London. In recent years he has had a high number of prominent roles in continuing British television programmes: as Reuben in William and Mary alongside Martin Clunes; Mark Grace in Casualty; Alan in Peep Show; and Lyndon Jones in Green Wing. He also appeared in the acclaimed drama Sex Traffic and in the Doctor Who stories Bad Wolf and ‘’The Parting of the Ways. ,  Paterson Joseph  2006-11-18T07:26:59Z  Paterson Joseph (born 22 June 1964 in London) is an English actor. He stands 5ft 8in tall and trained at LAMDA. In recent years he has had a high number of prominent roles in continuing British television programmes: as Reuben in William and Mary alongside Martin Clunes; Mark Grace in Casualty; the Marquis de Carabas in Neverwhere; Alan Johnson in Peep Show; and Lyndon Jones in Green Wing. He also appeared in the acclaimed drama Sex Traffic, in the TV version of Kwame Kwei-Armah's acclaimed play Elmina's Kitchen and in the Doctor Who stories Bad Wolf and The Parting of the Ways as Roderick. He has also appeared in various supporting roles in Dead Ringers. He starred as Giroux alongside Charlize Theron and Marton Csokas in Paramount Pictures' Æon Flux (2005). In 2004 he undertook a project, filmed for Channel 4 in a documentary entitled My Shakespeare, to direct a version of Romeo & Juliet, using 20 non-actor young people from the deprived Harlesden area of London. He is currently appearing in 'Royal Hunt of the Sun' at the Olivier Theatre, London. As well as the television sketch show That Mitchell and Webb Look where he most famously played Simon, the second contestant of Numberwang (who could not sing).",1
Judith Light,"Judith Light  2006-01-11T20:22:02Z  Judith Light (born Judith Ellen Licht on February 9, 1949 in Trenton, New Jersey) is a Jewish-American actress, best known for her role as Angela Bower on ABC's sitcom Who's the Boss? . She currently has a recurring role on NBC's Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, where she plays Elizabeth Donnelly, a New York City Executive Assistant District Attorney, who is now a superior court judge. Light first found fame on television after being recast in the role of Karen Wolek on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live. (The Karen Wolek role had previously been portrayed by actresses Kathryn Breech and Julia Duffy.) This role was quite lucrative for Light and spawned one of the show's most-remembered storylines; Light's character became a prostitute after she became bored with her life as a housewife. On trial, Karen saved her friend Viki Lord from being convicted of killing her pimp by admitting that she had been a prostitute to the entire town, including her faithful husband. Light won Daytime Emmy Awards in 1980 and 1981. This star power allowed her to snag a lead role on the ABC sitcom Who's the Boss? . She played the role of the assertive advertising executive Angela Bower from 1984 to 1992. She often played the comic foil to Tony Danza's character, Tony Micelli. The series is currently in syndication on channels such as Nick at Nite. Light has become a gay rights activist after helping former Who's the Boss? co-star Danny Pintauro cope with his sexuality. Light has done work for many LGBT charities and spoke at the 1993 March on Washington. She is also a prominent AIDS activist. Light played Ryan White's mother in a 1989 TV-movie on his life (one of many acclaimed movies-for-television she has made). Light is married to Italian-American television actor Robert Desiderio. They met when they were both on One Life to Live. Light was also the former spokesperson for an anti acne product, Proactiv Solution. ,  Judith Light  2007-12-11T00:06:32Z  Judith Light (born Judith Ellen Licht on February 9, 1949) is an Emmy Award-winning American actress. She is best known for her role as Angela Bower on the sitcom Who's the Boss? , and is now starring as Claire Meade on ABC's Ugly Betty. Light was born in Trenton, New Jersey of Jewish heritage, the daughter of Benjamin Licht (Benny Light), who owned a major furniture store in Trenton. After graduating from Carnegie-Mellon University with a degree in drama, she started out starring on stage, making her professional debut in Richard III at the California Shakespeare Festival in 1970, before moving to Broadway to star in A Doll's House in 1975. Light first found fame on television after being recast in the role of Karen Wolek on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live. (The Karen Wolek role had previously been portrayed by actresses Kathryn Breech and Julia Duffy). This role was quite lucrative for Light and spawned one of the show's most-remembered storylines; Light's character became a prostitute after she became bored with her life as a housewife. On trial, Karen saved her friend Viki Lord from being convicted of killing her pimp by admitting that she had been a prostitute to the entire town, including her faithful husband. Light won Daytime Emmy Awards in 1980 and 1981. After this success on daytime, she landed the role of assertive advertising executive Angela Bower on the ABC sitcom Who's the Boss. Co-starring Tony Danza, who played her housekeeper (and eventual lover), the show ran for eight seasons from 1984 to 1992. TV Guide has Who's the Boss? ranked as the 109th best sitcom of all time. Light spent most of the 1990s starring in made-for-television films, such as the 1997 film ""Too Close to Home"" co-starring Rick Schroder. She also starred in the sitcom Phenom, which ran for one season 1993-1994. In 2000 she received critical acclaim when she starred on stage as Dr. Vivian Bearing in WIT, Margaret Edson's Pulitzer Prize-winning play. Essentially a one woman show, Light's performance earned her considerable credibility as a serious dramatic actress. Since 2002, she has had a recurring role on NBC's Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, where she plays Judge Elizabeth Donnelly, who served as an EADA and Bureau Chief in the Manhattan District Attorney's office before being appointed to the bench in Season 7. In 2006 she landed the recurring role of Claire Meade, the alcoholic mother of Daniel and Alexis Meade, on ABC's Ugly Betty. In the 2007-2008 season, she was promoted to cast regular and is currently part of an ongoing storyline about Claire Meade's escape from prison and determination to win back her ex-husband Bradford, who later dies from a heart attack after the two reconciled. In 2007, Light's performance resulted in her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination, for Guest Actress in a Comedy, which she lost to Elaine Stritch. Light was also recently in an episode of Family Guy where she played a cartoon version of herself obsessed with Tony Danza and making out with a constructed dummy of Tony in her house. She also recently appeared in an episode of the NBC sitcom Twenty Good Years. Light is a gay rights activist and helped former Who's the Boss? co-star Danny Pintauro to come out of the closet. She has done work for many LGBT charities and she spoke at the 1993 March on Washington. In 1998, she had a library named after her at the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center. She is also a prominent AIDS activist and played Ryan White's mother in a 1989 TV movie on his life. Light was also the spokesperson for an anti-acne product, Proactiv Solution. She has been married to television actor Robert Desiderio since 1985, when they met while co-starring on One Life to Live.",1
Tessa Thompson,"Tessa Thompson  2006-03-12T03:14:54Z  Tessa Thompson is the American actress of Mexican descent who plays Jackie Cook on Veronica Mars. She joined the cast at the beginning of the show's second season as a main cast member. She has also guest starred on Cold Case and was an active member of the Colony Theater of Burbank, California. I feel like she was also on Sesame Street as a child. I think that should be looked in to. ,  Tessa Thompson  2007-11-09T07:13:22Z  Tessa Lynn Thompson (born October 3 1983) is an American actress. Thompson was born in Los Angeles, California. She attended Santa Monica High School and was in many high school theatre productions. She is known as Jackie Cook on Veronica Mars, having being a series regular for the show's second season. She has also guest starred on Cold Case and was an active member of the Colony Theater of Burbank, California. She guest-starred as Camille, Dr. Webber's niece, on Grey's Anatomy. She was a part of the cast on the CW's short-lived drama Hidden Palms as Nikki. She will next be seen opposite Mary Elizabeth Winstead in the dancing film Make it Happen. Thompson made her stage debut in a fifth grade play, starring as a tap dancing wolf, opposite Amber Tamblyn. More recently, Thompson was nominated for a NAACP Image Award for her stage performance as Juliet in ""Romeo and Juliet,"" her first Shakespeare production. Subsequently, she has appeared in ""The Tempest"" and ""Twelfth Night,"" as well as ""Summertime,"" ""Grease"" and ""Guys and Dolls."" In the summer of 2005, she was the lead in the west coast premiere of ""Indoor/Outdoor"" at The Colony Theater in Burbank, California. A native to Los Angeles, Thompson is the daughter of singer/songwriter Marc A. Thompson of the New York-based band Chocolate Genius and granddaughter of actor/musician Bobby Ramos (""Latin Cruise""), one of the first Latin Americans to have his own television show. She enjoys dance, choreography, and sports, including tennis, swimming, volleyball, surfing and cheerleading.",1
Carol Kane,"Carol Kane  2002-02-25T15:51:15Z  Carol Kane was born June 18, 1952 in Cleveland, Ohio. Film External Link: http://www.open.org/~glennab/carolkanefanpage.htm,  Carol Kane  2003-07-29T09:57:42Z  Carol Kane(born June 18, 1952) is an American actress from Cleveland, Ohio. Kane is best known for her portrayal of ""Simka Dahblitz-Gravas"", wife of ""Latka Gravis"" (Andy Kaufman), on the American television series Taxi from 1981 to 1983. Kane earned two Emmy Awards for her work in the series. Film:",1
Doc Brown (rapper),"Doc Brown (rapper)  2014-01-02T06:44:41Z  Ben Bailey Smith (1977) known by the stagename Doc Brown, is a British rapper, comedian, actor, screenwriter and voiceover artist. Born Ben Bailey Smith in North West London, Smith is the younger brother of novelist and essayist Zadie Smith. Smith is married and has two children. The popularity of the monthly event soared and soon Deal Real was attracting hip-hop celebrities from the USA, performing in the Comedy Store to promote their own European tours. The first to perform were the Jungle Brothers. Others included Pete Rock and CL Smooth, Slick Rick, The GZA, Black Eyed Peas, Rhymefest, Pharoahe Monch, Canibus and Cee Lo Green, as well as a host of DJs including the producer and frontman of the Business Intl, Mark Ronson. The first gig Smith performed with Ronson was at the Fabric nightclub in the Barbican area of east central London. The line-up consisted of Ronson on guitar, Daniel Merriweather, Amy Winehouse and Beverly Tawiah on vocals, former Jamiroquai bassist Stuart Zender and the Scottish brass section The Haggis Horns. Smith continued to tour with the band until spring 2007, rapping on stage alongside Lily Allen on the Kaiser Chiefs' cover ""Oh My God"", providing the Ghostface Killah vocals for the song ""Ooh Wee"" and performing his own lyrics on the instrumental cover of Kasabian's ""LSF (Lost Souls Forever)"". In July 2011, a short film was released to accompany the song ""Blighty"", a song from the unreleased LP. The film features an interview with Smith at the end credits, in which he describes the film as an open project for young people to interpret his lyrics visually. The film was directed by photographer Kwame Lestrade and shot with the aid of various young people as part of a lottery funded youth project. A chance phone call from former BBC Radio 1 host and comedy writer Danny Robins, for whom Smith had previously written some spoof music, led to Smith working as a script consultant on Robins’ BBC Radio 4 sitcom Rudy's Rare Records, a vehicle for veteran UK comedian Lenny Henry. Smith then entered a national talent competition for comedians called So You Think You're Funny and his third ever stand-up gig was in the first round of the competition in spring 2008 at the Hobgoblin Pub in Forest Hill, South East London. Smith eventually made the last eight at the grand final in Edinburgh that August, an event in which by his own admission he ""froze up"", delivering what he saw as a disappointing performance. Regardless, the performance led to interest from bookers, and Smith began a new incarnation as a professional stand-up comedian in October 2008. Since then he has performed at the prestigious Tartan Ribbon event at the Edinburgh Festival, debuted his own one-man show Unfamous, which sold out its run at both the Pleasance Theatre in Edinburgh and London’s Soho Theatre. He also gave a one-off performance of Unfamous at the indigO2 at the The O2 in March 2011. In April 2011 Smith was invited to take the show to the Melbourne International Comedy Festival for one month. On the weekend of 20 April 2012 Smith opened for comedian Ricky Gervais as support on two shows at the Folketeateret in Oslo, Norway. In November 2011 Smith registered his full name as a performer with Equity and Spotlight and has since appeared as an actor and writer as Ben Bailey Smith, while retaining the moniker Doc Brown solely for stand-up and music work. Since moving into the world of comedy, Smith has taken on various roles in front of and behind the camera in both film and television. As an actor he has played roles in the acclaimed BBC series Rev and Miranda, as well as Channel 4's The Inbetweeners as a drug dealer. Smith also provided voices for the characters Budge and Koggs on the cult CBBC series Big Babies for which he also sang the theme tune. Smith also appeared on another CBBC show called The Slammer, in which acts fight to win their freedom from the slammer by gaining applause from the audience. In film he has played a role in Ben Miller's Huge as well as a co-starring role in the thriller Other Side of the Game. Smith is also credited as a songwriter alongside collaborator Mikis Michaelides on the Joe Cornish-directed film Attack the Block. The character Hi Hatz is often seen and heard playing songs he has recorded. These were written and recorded by Smith and re-voiced by the actor Jumayn Hunter. In January 2012, a 13-part teen comedy-drama for the BBC called 4 O'Clock Club aired on CBBC and BBC2, on which Smith is the co-creator, co writer, co-star and musical director, again alongside Michaelides. He later announced after its finale on 30 March that a second series was in production. Also he acts the voice and sings the theme song of CBBC's strange hill high his character is Mitchell Tanner. In February 2013, Smith appeared in an episode of Ricky Gervais' show Derek as Deon, a criminal who performed his community service through working in a care home. In March Smith appeared as urban solo artist Dom Johnson in a mini-episode of The Office for Comic Relief called The Office Revisited and raps to David Brent's song ""Equality Street"". ,  Doc Brown (rapper)  2015-12-23T15:20:28Z  Ben Bailey Smith (born December 1977), better known by his stage name Doc Brown, is an English rapper, comedian, actor, screenwriter and voiceover artist. He currently plays DS Joe Hawkins in the TV series Law & Order: UK. Doc Brown was born Ben Harvey Smith, son of a Jamaican immigrant, Yvonne Bailey, and an Englishman, Harvey Smith, 30 years his wife's senior. Raised in the Willesden area of North West London, Smith is the younger brother of novelist and essayist Zadie Smith. Smith attended Hampstead School and Malorees junior school along with his sister, but was often seen in his sister's shadow. Upon leaving school, Smith decided he would become a rapper and follow a musical career. Doc Brown began his musical career in 2000 as a battle rapper, competing in live events such as the now defunct Mudlumz, an infamously tough gig based at the Dingwalls nightclub in Camden Lock where amongst others he battled before losing to fellow UK rapper Sway. Smith became a recurring battle champion at the fledgling competition ""Jump Off"" in 2003, when the now international event was housed underneath Yo! Sushi on Poland Street in London's Soho, moving to the Swiss Centre in Leicester Square. The following year, Smith's growing reputation as a personality of the underground scene made him the host of a monthly event at his friend's record shop Deal Real on Great Marlborough Court off Carnaby Street in the West End. The night was loosely named “Friday Night Live” and initially acted as a platform for aspiring young artists from the UK to perform at an open mic, hosted by Smith. In an interview from 2006, Smith stated he provided “light relief mixed with an authority necessary to marshal what was always a pretty raucous night.” The night was also notable for being the venue where Smith discovered a sixteen-year-old Lowkey, whom he promptly featured on his first break-out single ""Donnie's Lament"", and who went on to be one of the most respected political rappers in the UK and internationally. The popularity of the monthly event soared and soon, Deal Real was attracting Hip Hop celebrities from the US, performing in the store to promote their own European tours. The first to perform were the Jungle Brothers. Others included Pete Rock and CL Smooth, Slick Rick, Gza, the Black Eyed Peas, Rhymefest, Pharoahe Monch, Canibus and Cee Lo, as well as a host of DJs including Mark Ronson. It was in the shop that Smith met Ronson for the first time, caught in an impromptu rap battle with Chicago rapper Rhymefest, whom Smith admitted “beat him on his home turf”. However, Ronson recalled Smith’s ability to please a crowd with both good humour and a level of self-deprecation often unusual to the Rap genre, and invited him to join a live set up that would form the basis of Ronson’s second studio album Version. The first gig Smith performed with Ronson was at the Fabric nightclub in the Barbican area of east central London. The line up consisted of Ronson on guitar, Daniel Merriweather, Amy Winehouse and Beverly Tawiah on vocals, former Jamiroquai bassist Stuart Zender and the Scottish brass section The Haggis Horns. Smith continued to tour with the band until spring 2007, rapping on stage alongside Lily Allen on the Kaiser Chiefs cover ""Oh My God"", providing the Ghostface Killah vocals for the song ""Ooh Wee"" and performing his own lyrics on the instrumental cover of Kasabian's ""LSF"". The first breakthrough record and Smith’s biggest hit to date was a track entitled “Donnie’s Lament”, better known as the “Mad World Remix” due to its extensive sampling of that year’s Christmas number one “Mad World, performed by Gary Jules, originally by Tears for Fears. Smith’s version is notable for a number of reasons. Firstly, its sample led to legal issues with the label Sanctuary, who did not sanction the remix, despite Smith’s appeal to them. Smith was therefore unable to recoup any money whatsoever despite the popularity of his version. Secondly, the song had a level of mainstream airplay unusual for UK Rap at the time, being championed by Jo Wiley and Jonathon Ross among others. Some commentators have argued that the song helped raise awareness of the genre as a whole and earmarked a new wave of British rap artists. Thirdly, the song provided a cameo to a sixteen year old rapper named Lowkey, who today is cited as one of the most politically influential rappers in the UK, Europe and particularly the Middle East, where his tireless campaigning for Palestinian rights amongst others has been lauded by many. On the back of the tracks small success, Smith released three full length offerings: Citizen Smith Volume One, The Document and Citizen Smith Volume Two. It was during his work with the producer Mark Ronson that he was inspired to create the album Another Way, which features no samples and mostly live studio music. Having moved into stand up, then television and film, the album is as yet unreleased and has built a cult status among fans, many of whom have dubbed Another Way ”the farewell album”. In July 2011, a short film was released to accompany the song “Blighty”, a song from the unreleased album. The film features an interview with Smith at the end credits, in which he describes the film as an open project for young people to interpret his lyrics visually. The film was directed by photographer Kwame Lestrade and shot with the aid of various young people as part of a lottery funded youth project. Late in 2007, a chance phonecall from former BBC Radio 1 host and comedy writer Danny Robins, for whom Smith had previously written some spoof music, led to Smith working as a script consultant on Robins’ BBC Radio 4 sitcom “Rudy’s Rare Records,” a vehicle for veteran UK comedian Lenny Henry. This eventually led to walk on roles and more editing and writing work on other Radio 4 comedy shows, including ""Music Therapy"" and ""Look Away Now"". Encouraged by producers at the BBC, Smith attended an BBC industry gig in January 2008 at a small venue in London’s Great Portland Street name The Albany, where he performed a comic song and told an anecdote regarding being the first rapper to work for Radio 4. By his own admissions in an interview from 2009, Smith claimed he “ran out of things to say” and called for the audience to offer words, names and places, with which he improvised a comic rap. According to Smith, the venue managers were impressed and invited him to perform a short set at a late night variety show named “Spank!” Smith then entered a national talent competition for comedians called “So You Think You’re Funny?” and his third ever stand up gig was in the first round of the competition in spring 2008 at the Hobgoblin Pub in Forest Hill, South East London. Smith eventually made the last eight at the grand final in Edinburgh that August, an event in which by his own admission he “froze up,” delivering what he saw as a disappointing performance. Regardless, the performance led to interest from bookers, and Smith began a new incarnation as a professional comedian in October 2008. Since then, he has performed at the prestigious Tartan Ribbon event at the Edinburgh Festival, debuted his own one man show “Unfamous” which sold out its run at both the Pleasance Theatre, Edinburgh and London’s Soho Theatre. He also gave a one off performance of Unfamous at the Elgar rooms in the Royal Albert Hall in March 2011. In April 2011, Smith was invited to take the show to the Melbourne International Festival for one month. As an actor, he has played roles in the acclaimed BBC series ""Rev"" and ""Miranda"", as well as Channel 4’s ""The Inbetweeners"". Smith also provided voices for the characters Budge and Koggs on the cult CBBC series ""Big Babies"" for which he also sang the theme tune. In film, he has played a role in Ben Miller’s ""Huge"" as well as a co-starring role in the thriller ""Other Side of the Game"". Smith is also credited as a songwriter on the Joe Cornish-directed film Attack the Block. The character ""Hi Hatz"" is often seen and heard playing songs he has recorded. These were written and recorded by Smith and re-voiced by the actor Jumayn Hunter. Smith created a 13 part teen comedy-drama for the BBC called ""4 O'Clock Club"", on which he is also the co-writer, and co-musical director. Smith runs his own production company named Bust-A-Gut Ltd, which – whilst focussing on television and film – has also re-released the back catalogue of his music. Most recently, he has delved deeper into dramatic acting, starring in the Frank Spotnitz television show Hunted, a thriller for Cinemax. Smith then went on to shoot an episode of Midsomer Murders and in 2014, he played the role of DS Joe Hawkins in the final series of ITV's Law & Order: UK. As of May 2014, Brown was the producer of ""The Football Ramble Live."" He is a supporter of Crystal Palace Football Club.",1
Big_Daddy's_Restaurants,"Big_Daddy's_Restaurants  2008-10-29T04:47:07Z   Big Daddy's Restaurants were a chain of restaurants located in New York, Florida and the Bahamas The first Big Daddy's Restaurant opened in 1964, and was located on Coney Island Avenue in the Sheepshead Bay section of Brooklyn, NY. It was known to be the only true competitor of Nathans Famous Hot Dogs. The reason for that comparison can be attributed to the fact that the driving force behind Big Daddy's success was half owner Murray L. Handwerker, the nephew of Nathan Handwerker, founder of Nathan's. In addition to serving hot dogs and crinkle cut french fries, Big Daddy's also served pizza, chow mein on a bun, roasted pork sandwiches, and had a full deli as well as a clam bar. The restaurant was known for it's decor of red and white candy stripes and pictures of partner Robert Napp surrounded by the famous celebrities of that era. It was also known for offering kiddie rides in the parking lot to create a Coney Island Atmosphere. In addition to many New York area Locations, the restaurants eventually opened locations in Florida and the Bahamas. Little is known of the Bahamas location, but in Florida, Big Daddy's became popular on the Lincoln Road Mall in Miami Beach amongst many transplant New Yorkers, locals, and tourists. The Big Daddy's in Sheepshead Bay closed in 1977, The Lincoln Road Mall location closed in 1986, and the last known location on Washington Avenue on South Beach closed around 1991. Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz says on his official web-site ""You know you're from Brooklyn if"". . . . . . You Went to Big Daddy's on Coney Island Avenue as a change from Nathan's Sadly, one of the original partners, Murray L. Handwerker passed away in 1971 at the age of 47. Robert ""Big Daddy"" Napp unsuccessfully ran for the Miami Beach City Council in a popular election in 1977 where he lost by only 244 votes. Napp later said there were 710 overvotes unread by the machine, but no court would listen to him. In an article dated April 8, 1990 in the Miami Herald, Napp was looking to make a comeback with the Big Daddy's name by opening a location on Washington Avenue in Miami Beach. Napp died in November 1990. ,  Big_Daddy's_Restaurants  2009-12-14T07:17:52Z   Big Daddy's Restaurants were a chain of restaurants located in New York, Florida and the Bahamas, local landmarks in Brooklyn and competitor to the better-known Nathan's Famous also in Coney Island. Big Daddy's was founded in 1964, and the last location closed circa 1991. The first Big Daddy's Restaurant opened in 1964, and was located on Coney Island Avenue in the Sheepshead Bay section of Brooklyn, NY. It was known to be the only true competitor of Nathan's Famous Hot Dogs. The driving force behind Big Daddy's success was half-owner Murray L. Handwerker, the nephew of Nathan Handwerker, founder of Nathan's. In addition to serving hot dogs and crinkle-cut french fries, Big Daddy's also served pizza, chow mein on a bun, roasted pork sandwiches, and had a full deli as well as a clam bar. The restaurant was known for its decor of red and white candy stripes and pictures of partner Robert Napp surrounded by the famous celebrities of that era. It was also known for offering kiddie rides in the parking lot to create a Coney Island Atmosphere. In the 1968 film Bye Bye Braverman, a scene was shot with actor George Segal in front of Big Daddy's as well as on location throughout the borough of Brooklyn. In addition to many New York area locations, the restaurants eventually opened locations in Florida and the Bahamas. Little is known of the Bahamas location, but in Florida, Big Daddy's became popular on the Lincoln Road Mall in Miami Beach amongst many transplant New Yorkers, locals, and tourists. The Big Daddy's in Sheepshead Bay closed in 1977, The Lincoln Road Mall location closed in 1986, and the last known location on Washington Avenue on South Beach closed around 1991. Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz says on his official web-site ""You know you're from Brooklyn if. . . . . . You Went to Big Daddy's on Coney Island Avenue as a change from Nathan's"". One of the original partners, Murray L. Handwerker died on October 21, 1971 at the age of 47 leaving behind his wife and three children. In an article by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) News dated January 7, 1970, Napp and Handwerker filed a registration with the SEC seeking to take the company public, although nothing ever materialized. Robert ""Big Daddy"" Napp unsuccessfully ran for the Miami Beach City Council in a popular election in 1977 where he lost by only 244 votes. Napp later said there were 710 overvotes unread by the machine, but no court would listen to him. In an article dated April 8, 1990 in the Miami Herald, Napp was looking to make a comeback with the Big Daddy's name by opening a location on Washington Avenue in Miami Beach. Napp died in November 1990.",0
Danny Batth,"Danny Batth  2019-01-01T19:32:30Z  Daniel Tanveer Batth (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays a defender for Middlesbrough on loan from Wolverhampton Wanderers. He has additionally represented Colchester United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday on loan. He is of mixed English and Sikh Punjabi descent. He declared he wanted to represent India at international level in July 2017. Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, Batth's loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. He scored his first professional goal to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic on 20 February 2010, nodding home a David Prutton corner to extend Colchester's run of games undefeated to five. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club took on a new look installing Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 games in a season which Wolves set a new points total record for League One, 103. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship and his impressive form from the previous season continued. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a flying start maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. Batth's presence in the opposition box started to become more apparent as he netted three league goals including an 88th-minute equaliser at Molineux as Wolves drew 1–1 with Brighton & Hove Albion. A string of commanding performances led to strong rumours of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. At the age of just 24 years old, Batth bought up his century of appearances for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Birmingham City. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the Championship, after joining Middlesbrough on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with his parent club, after they had been promoted to the Premier League. Born and raised in England, Batth thought at one time he would be eligible to play for India through his father. In July 2017 Batth declared that he wanted to play for India and entered into talks over playing for India. However, he revealed later in July 2017 that residency rules and passport regulations may stop this from happening. Sheffield Wednesday Wolverhampton Wanderers Individual,  Danny Batth  2020-12-23T19:16:43Z  Daniel Tanveer Batth (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stoke City. Batth began his career with his local side Wolverhampton Wanderers having previously progressed through their youth academy. In order to gain first-team experience he spent time out on loan at Colchester United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday (two spells). He broke into Wolves' first team in 2012–13 and was made captain by Kenny Jackett for the 2013–14 as Wolves won the League One title, Batth being named in the PFA Team of the Year. Batth remained a key member of the Wolves team as the play-offs were narrowly missed in 2014–15 before promotion to the Premier League was gained in 2017–18. After not being considered by Nuno Espírito Santo for his Premier League squad, Batth joined Middlesbrough on loan in August 2018. Batth moved to Stoke City in January 2019 for a fee of £3 million. Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He attended Thorns Community College. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, Batth's loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. He scored his first professional goal to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic on 20 February 2010, nodding home a David Prutton corner to extend Colchester's run of games undefeated to five. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club took on a new look installing Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 games in a season which Wolves set a new points total record for League One, 103. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship and his impressive form from the previous season continued. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a flying start maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. Batth's presence in the opposition box started to become more apparent as he netted three league goals including an 88th-minute equaliser at Molineux as Wolves drew 1–1 with Brighton & Hove Albion. A string of commanding performances led to strong rumors of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. At the age of just 24 years old, Batth bought up his century of appearances for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Birmingham City. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season but missed out on goals scored to Ipswich Town. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. Batth played 39 times for Wolves in 2015–16 as they finished in 14th position. Batth scored in a 3–1 win against rivals Birmingham City on 20 August 2016. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. On 1 April 2017, Batth scored twice against Cardiff City moving Wolves eight points clear of the relegation zone. He scored in the final match of the 2016–17 season, a 1–0 win against Preston North End which secured 15th place for Wolves. Portuguese manager Nuno Espírito Santo was appointed ahead of the 2017–18 campaign which proved a very successful one for Wolves as they won the Championship title with 99 points. On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the Championship, after joining Middlesbrough on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with Wolves, after they had been promoted to the Premier League. Batth made 13 appearances under Tony Pulis at Boro before his loan was cut short in January 2019. Batth joined Stoke City on 29 January 2019 on a three-and-a-half year contract for a fee understood to be an initial £3 million. Batth made his Stoke debut on 2 February 2019 against Hull City and was given the captain's armband by Nathan Jones in the absence of Ryan Shawcross. Batth played 17 times in the remainder of the 2018–19 season as Stoke ended up finishing in 16th place. Batth helped improve the Potters defence with the side keeping eight clean sheets. He scored his first goal for Stoke in an EFL Cup tie against Leeds United on 27 August 2019. Stoke made a poor start to the 2019–20 season failing to win any of the first ten matches under Jones. Speaking in May 2020 Batth said he believed that Stoke made such a poor start because Jones brought in too many new players. Jones was replaced by Michael O'Neill in November and results began to improve. Batth scored in three of the final four matches as Stoke gained ten points to avoid relegation and finish in 15th position. Born and raised in England, Batth thought at one time he would be eligible to play for India through his father. In July 2017 Batth declared that he wanted to play for India and entered into talks over playing for India. However, he revealed later in July 2017 that residency rules and passport regulations may stop this from happening. Batth is of mixed English and Sikh Punjabi descent. Batth set up his own charity in August 2017, Foundation DB, with his partner Natalie Ann Cutler, to raise money to combat homelessness in Wolverhampton. Sheffield Wednesday Wolverhampton Wanderers Individual",1
KF Skënderbeu Korçë,"KF Skënderbeu Korçë  2015-01-04T22:04:56Z  K.F. Skënderbeu Korçë (Albanian: Klubi futbollistik Skënderbeu Korçë, in English: Football Club Skenderbeu Korce) is a football club based in Korçë, a city in southeastern Albania. They play in the Albanian Superliga, which is the top tier in the country and are currently reigning champions. The club is named after Albania's greatest hero of all time, Skanderbeg (Skënderbeu). The club plays its home games at Stadiumi Skënderbeu which is one of the largest stadiums in the country, with a seating capacity of over 10,000. The first football club in the city of Korçë was formed on on 15 April 1909 under the name Vllazëria by politician and poet Hilë Mosi. However, the rise in the popularity of the sport resulted in a number of clubs being formed between 1920 and 1922, including clubs such as Përparimi and Sport Klub Korça, and In 1923 the Albanian National Lyceum formed the Shpresa sports society. Skënderbeu was officially formed in 1925, when a large number of the young men and children of the city were playing football regularly in local fields. The immense rise in popularity of the sport led to most neighbourhoods forming their own football teams, such as Zhgaba in 1926 and Leka i Madh, Pirro, Brekverdhit, Zjarri, Tigri and Diamanti in 1927, who competed in the city's first organised football competition held in 1928. However, these teams were local, and would only compete with one another, as the main football club to represent the city was Skënderbeu who managed to overcome several problems at the start, some of which were even political. Skënderbeu was named after 15th century Albanian nobleman and national hero Skanderbeg. The club quickly became the city's main football team, and in 1926 they began to play friendly games against teams from neighbouring counties, starting with Macedonian side Monastir, then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In two games played Skënderbeu won 5-2 and then drew 2-2 in the other game against Monastir. Skënderbeu also played friendlies against Greek teams from Ermioni and Thessaloniki, which is modern day Aris FC. They also played against Kavala, who they beat 2-0 in Albania but lost 1-0 against in Greece. The club competed in the first ever national football competition in Albania, which was the 1930 championship. As the only club to represent Korçë nationally, Skënderbeu had hug popular support within the city, with similar support bases seen with the likes of KF Tirana and Vllaznia Shkodër, who all earned a name for themselves in the early stages of Albanian football. During the 1930 championship, Skënderbeu finished runners up to KF Tirana, after forfeiting both championship playoff matches. The club managed to win its first ever Albanian Championship just 3 years later in 1933, finishing 2 points ahead of Vllaznia. The championship winning side was: Klani Marjani, Kristaq Bimbli, Andrea Çani, Andon Miti, Lefter Petra, Fori Stasa, Nexhat Dishnica, Tomor Ypi, Thoma Vangjeli, Servet Teufik Agaj, Enver Kulla, Vasil Trebicka, Stavri Kondili, Aristotel Samsuri, with Qemal Omari as their manager. In the same year the club's striker Servet Teufik Agaj was the top goalscorer with 7 league goals, an honour also won by his strike partner Aristotel Samsuri in 1931, also with 7 goals scored. The following year Skënderbeu strongly fought to retain their title, but only managed to finish as runners-up once again to KF Tirana, with Samsuri being the club's top goalscorer that season with 7 goals. In the next 2 championships held before the start of World War II Skënderbeu finished in 4th place in both years under the guidance of manager Qemal Omari. The club ceased operations between 1938 and 1945 due to World War II, as there were no official tournaments held in Albania. In 1945 the club began operating once again, much to the delight of supporters who paraded in the streets of Korçë as the club announced the news. The majority of the players who were active in the 1930s were no longer playing football competitively, so the squad was virtually new, except for Klani Marjani, Bellovoda and Saro. But the delight was short lived as the club struggled to match their performances before the war. In 1945 they finished 4th in Group B, consisting of 6 teams, and in the following 1946 season they finished 5th in Group A, just 1 point ahead of bottom place. The manager Tato Bimbli decided to bring in young players in order to revive the squad during the 1947 season, when the club also changed its name to Dinamo Korçë for the Communist Party, Bimbli's decision to bring in young players paid off as the club finished 3rd in the league out of 9 teams. The following season, however, turned out to be a disaster as they finished bottom of Group A with just a single point from 7 games. In 1949 the club changed its name to simply Korça, and they finished in 6th place out of 9 teams in the same year. The manager Tato Bimbli left the club after having a difficult time in charge, and he was replaced by Spiro Koçe in 1950. in 1951 all Albanian teams were ordered by the Communist Party to be named Puna, which literally translates to work. During these years the club remained a notable force, but with no relative success often finishing in mid table in the league. Skënderbeu is also a three time finalist in the Albanian Cup in 1958, 1965 and 1976, in which they lost all three finals. They did however win the Albanian First Division in 1976/77 as well as three other times with the last win in 2008–2009 season where Skënderbeu won the rights to move into the Albanian Superliga where they have never looked back. As of 8 May 2011 they are the current champions in Albanian Superliga, thanks to their devoted manager of Czech Nationality Stanislav Levý their generous and son of this city, president Agim Zeqo, and of course a very supportive fan base. The greatest managers in the club's history are Kosta Koça and Aleko Pilika who were also their most successful manager ever, with the first team and youth teams. Some players over the ages include: Kleo Marjani, Servet Gora, Aristotel Samsuri, Teodor Vaso, Koço Dinella, Jani Kaçi, Dhimitër Dëmbo, Aleko Toshi, Gaqo Lara, Tefik Osmani, Stavrion Lako, Bledi Shkëmbi, Paulin Dhëmbi, Dhimitraq Xhambazi, Gjergji Ballço, Aleko Pilika, Zhani Pilika, Maksim Tuxhari, Petro Mile, Hektor Shkurti, Artan Ziberi, Pajtim Ismaili, Avni Ismaili, Valon Besmiri, Gjergo Shule, Ridvan Shëllira, Ëngjëll Dvorani, Servet Teufik Agaj, Gentian Liçi, Gëzim Muhaxhiri,Kristi Vangjeli and Petrika Tole. K.F. Skënderbeu Korçë play their home games at Stadiumi Skënderbeu, a multi-purpose stadium in Korçë. It has a seating capacity of 10,000 people all seater with HD night lighting. Skenderbeu is considered to be one of the best supported clubs in Albania, with the majority of fans live in the Korçë District, which has a population of just under 140,000. The main supporters' group for the club is called Ujqërit e Deborës, which literally translates to snow wolves. The group was formed in 2008 and quickly became considered the club's main supporters' group. They are present at every home game at the Skënderbeu Stadium and they also organise trips to every away game of the season, also attending Albanian national team games alongside other teams' supporters' groups. It is compulsory for every member to wear either the group's or Skënderbeu's clothing during games to distinguish between other fans. The group also has factions in different cities around the world where there are Albanian diaspora, including Toronto, Canada. Yearly membership to be an official member of the group costs 1000 lek (€7,14 or £5.86 as of 1 February 2014). They have a fierce rivalry with KF Tirana's supports groups Tirona Fanatics, with both sets of fans being involved in hooligan activities since Skënderbeu's rise to prominence overtaking KF Tirana around 2010. In September 2013 prior to an away game in Tiranë the Ujqërit e Deborës group called upon Tirona Fanatics members to reduce the tensions between the two sets of fans. In November 2013 Skënderbeu was forced to play Flamurtari Vlorë behind closed doors due to the behaviour of Ujqërit e Deborës against Partizani Tirana in a 3-0 win on 2 November. The game against Partizani Tirana was seen by attended by 5500 and there were no altercations between rival fans or any offensive chanting but the Albanian Football Association deemed the choreography of the Ujqërit e Deborës to be worthy of a one match ban on supporters. League Cups Tournaments As of 29 August 2013 (As of 9 August 2014) Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. ,  KF Skënderbeu Korçë  2016-12-14T23:17:53Z  Skënderbeu Korçë branches Klubi Futbollistik Skënderbeu Korçë (Albanian pronunciation: ) is a professional football club based in Korçë, a city in southeastern Albania. The club play in the Albanian Superliga, which is the top tier of football in the country. The club was founded as Vllazëria Korçë in 1909. In 1925, it took on its current form following the merger of several local clubs, and the club's name was changed to Skënderbeu Korçë, after Albania's national hero Skanderbeg. The club's home ground has been the Skënderbeu Stadium since it was built in 1957, and it now has a capacity of 12,000, of which 5,724 are seated. Skënderbeu Korçë have won seven league titles, with the first coming in 1933 before going on 78-year run without winning the league. The club won its first league title since 1933 in 2011, and they have won the league every year since. The club have won six consecutive league titles since 2011, breaking the Albanian record which had been held by Dinamo Tirana who had won four consecutive titles in the 1950s. In 2015 the club became the first Albanian side to reach the play-off round of the UEFA Champions League but they lost to Dinamo Zagreb and dropped into the UEFA Europa League, and became the first Albanian side to qualify for the group stage of European competition. The first football club in the city of Korçë was formed on 15 April 1909 under the name Vllazëria by politician and poet Hilë Mosi. The rise in the popularity of the sport resulted in a number of clubs being formed between 1920 and 1922, including clubs such as Përparimi and Sport Klub Korça. In 1923 the Albanian National Lyceum formed the Shpresa sports society. Skënderbeu was formed in 1925, when a large number of the young men and young men of the city were playing football regularly in local fields. The rise in popularity of the sport led to most neighbourhoods forming their own football teams, such as Zhgaba in 1926 and Leka i Madh, Pirro, Brekverdhit, Zjarri, Tigri and Diamanti in 1927, which competed in the city's first organised football competition held in 1928. However, these teams were local, and would only compete with one another, as the main football club to represent the city was Skënderbeu who managed to overcome several problems at the start, some of which were even political. Skënderbeu was named after 15th century Albanian nobleman and national hero Skanderbeg. The club quickly became the city's main football team, and in 1926 they began to play friendly games against teams from neighbouring countries, starting with Macedonian side Monastir, then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In two games played Skënderbeu won 5–2 and then drew 2–2. Skënderbeu also played friendlies against Greek teams from Ermioni and Thessaloniki, which is modern day Aris FC. They also played against Kavala, who they beat 2–0 in Albania but lost 1–0 against in Greece. The club competed in the first ever national football competition in Albania, which was the 1930 championship. As the only club to represent Korçë nationally, Skënderbeu had hug popular support within the city, with similar support bases seen with the likes of KF Tirana and Vllaznia Shkodër, who all earned a name for themselves in the early stages of Albanian football. During the 1930 championship, Skënderbeu finished runners up to KF Tirana, after forfeiting both championship playoff matches. The club managed to win its first ever Albanian Championship just 3 years later in 1933, finishing 2 points ahead of Vllaznia. The championship winning side was: Klani Marjani, Kristaq Bimbli, Andrea Çani, Andon Miti, Lefter Petra, Fori Stasa, Nexhat Dishnica, Tomor Ypi, Thoma Vangjeli, Servet Teufik Agaj, Enver Kulla, Vasil Trebicka, Stavri Kondili, Aristotel Samsuri, with Qemal Omari as their manager. In the same year the club's striker Servet Teufik Agaj was the top goalscorer with 7 league goals, an honour also won by his strike partner Aristotel Samsuri in 1931, also with 7 goals scored. The following year Skënderbeu strongly fought to retain their title, but only managed to finish as runners-up once again to KF Tirana, with Samsuri being the club's top goalscorer that season with 7 goals. In the next 2 championships held before the start of World War II Skënderbeu finished in 4th place in both years under the guidance of manager Qemal Omari. The club ceased operations between 1938 and 1945 due to World War II, as there were no official tournaments held in Albania. In 1945 the club began operating again. Supporters paraded in the streets of Korçë as the club announced the news. The majority of the players who were active in the 1930s were no longer playing football competitively, so the squad was virtually new, except for Klani Marjani, Bellovoda and Saro. But the delight was short lived as the club struggled to match their performances before the war. In 1945 they finished 4th in Group B, consisting of six teams, and in the following 1946 season they finished 5th in Group A, just 1 point ahead of bottom place. The manager Tato Bimbli decided to bring in young players in order to revive the squad during the 1947 season, when the club also changed its name to Dinamo Korçë for the Communist Party, Bimbli's decision to bring in young players paid off as the club finished 3rd in the league out of 9 teams. The following season, however, turned out to be a disaster as they finished bottom of Group A with just a single point from 7 games. In 1949 the club changed its name to Korça, and they finished in 6th place out of 9 teams in the same year. The manager Tato Bimbli left the club after having a difficult time in charge, and he was replaced by Spiro Koçe in 1950. In 1951 all Albanian teams were ordered by the Communist Party to be named Puna, which literally translates to work. During these years the club remained a notable force, but with no relative success often finishing in mid table in the league. Skënderbeu is also a three time finalist in the Albanian Cup in 1958, 1965 and 1976, in which they lost all three finals. They did however win the Albanian First Division in 1976/77 as well as three other times with the last win in 2008–2009 season where Skënderbeu won the rights to move into the Albanian Superliga where they have never looked back. During the winter of 2009–10, the club was bottom of the league and facing the real possibility of relegation from the Albanian Superliga, but there were seismic changes in terms of the ownership and the board, as a new president in the shape of Red Bull Albania CEO Agim Zeqo was appointed. A new 16-member board was also elected, and a host of new donors attached themselves to the club, including some of Albania's most successful businessmen, Samir Mane, Irfan Hysenbelliu and Grigor Joti. The journalist Blendi Fevziu was also named as a donor, alongside the Minister of Finance, Ridvan Bode, and the prefect of Korçë, Niko Peleshi. The club's short term goal was to remain in the Albanian Superliga, and they planned to win the league the following season. In order to escape relegation the club brought in Mirel Josa as the new head coach, along with a host of new players, both from Albania and neighbouring countries. They finished the league in 10th place out of 12 teams, meaning they entered a relegation playoff with the third placed Albanian First Division side KS Kamza, which they won 1–0 through a second minute Klodian Asllani goal to remain in the Albanian Superliga. Ahead of the 2010–11 season, the squad was revamped and under the guidance of Shkëlqim Muça as the head coach, new players were brought in, many of whom were Albanian internationals including Orges Shehi, Ditmar Bicaj, Endrit Vrapi, Jetmir Sefa and Bledi Shkëmbi who was named captain following his return to his hometown club. Other quality signings made Skënderbeu the favourites to win the title. They were defeated by KF Tirana in their first ever Albanian Supercup game, and they spent much of the season in second place in the league, behind pacesetters Flamurtari Vlorë. Shkëlqim Muça was replaced by Shpëtim Duro as head coach in February and defeated Flamurtari Vlorë in his first game in charge to move closer to top spot, and he went on to guide the club to 11 wins in his 13 games in charge, to win the Albanian title for the first time since 1933 and to qualify for the UEFA Champions League qualifying round for the first time in their history. After winning the league for the first time in 78 years, the club's president Agim Zeqo said ""It was a great season and it was great to see our city and our fans enjoy this title. This town loves football and deserved this win. Let's do it again next season."" The club made its Champions League debut against Cypriot side APOEL FC in the second qualifying round on 13 July 2011, and they lost 2–0 at home, before losing 4–0 away as they were knocked out of the competition. They continued a poor start to the season as they lost out to KF Tirana in the Albanian Supercup before the start of the Albanian Superliga season, where they also struggled. After only one win in their opening 4 games the head coach Shpëtim Duro was replaced by Stanislav Levý from the Czech Republic, who became the club's first foreign coach since Qemal Omari in the 1930s, who himself was of Albanian ancestry, making Levý the club's first truly foreign coach. He guided the club to a 14 match unbeaten run to reach the top of the table, and he only lost 2 games in charge as they narrowly beat Teuta Durrës to the title with only a single point between the sides to claim the only Champions League spot once again. In the Albanian Cup, Skënderbeu reached their first final since 1976, but they lost to KF Tirana, as they continued their 100% losing record in Albanian Cup finals, having lost in 1958, 1965 and 1976 before the 2012 final. They kicked off the 2012–13 campaign with their first ever Champions League and European win, as they defeated Hungarian side Debreceni VSC 1–0 at home through a Sebino Plaku goal to give them real hope of qualifying for the third qualifying round of the competition. In the away leg however Skënderbeu lost 3–0 and were knocked out after a 3–1 aggregate loss despite winning the first leg of the tie. They once again lost out to KF Tirana in the Albanian Supercup for the second consecutive season, but in the league they lost just once in their opening 20 games and managed to remain in first place for the entire campaign as they went on to win the title for the third time in a row. In the Albanian Cup they were knocked out by Bylis Ballsh in the semi final after a 2–1 aggregate loss over two legs, a result which came as a surprise as Skënderbeu had defeated all 5 teams they had faced during their cup run and were considered the favourites. They won the Albanian Supercup for the first time in their history, after defeating KF Laçi. Later, Skënderbeu begun their the 2013–14 campaign with their first ever Champions League tie as they draw 0–0 in the away leg against Neftchi Baku, which gave them a shade of hope in their dream about qualifying for the third qualifying round of the competition. In the home leg, they managed to hold the score to a tie in regular time and went to win 1–0 in the extra-time through a Nurudeen Orelesi goal in the 116th minute, qualifying for the first time in the third qualifying round of Champions League. They were drawn against Kazakh side Shakhter Karagandy and they lost 3–0 at home, before losing 3–2 at home as they were knocked out of the competition. They dropped into the UEFA Europa League play-offs, making their debut in the second most important continental competition with a 0–1 loss to Ukrainian side Chornomorets Odessa in the away leg. At home, they recorded their first ever Europa League win, defeating Chornomorets 1–0 with a Andi Ribaj goal, giving Skënderbeu hopes of becoming the first Albanian team to qualify to the group stage of a European competition by progressing to the Europa League group stages. However, with a 1–1 tie, the match went to extra-time and later penalties, with Skënderbeu losing 6–7. In the championship, they began with a 1–0 victory over Besa Kavajë, then lost important matches against Flamutari and Kukësi, but recovered and claimed a winter lead place. They managed to win their fourth consecutive league title after a 2–1 win over Partizani Tirana. They won the Albanian Supercup for the second time in a row, after defeating Flarmutari 1–0 in the final. In the new Champions League season, they had great expectations fed by a 0–0 draw in the second qualifying round against BATE Borisov away, but a 1–1 draw at home ended their hopes as were eliminated on away goals rule. In the league, they win the first two games, before losing to Partizani Tirana and a win against Kukësi was shortly followed by a defeat to Teuta Durrës. Then, they managed to have an unbeaten run, with losses against only KF Tirana and KF Laçi. In the Albanian Cup, they were knocked out by Kukësi in the semi-finals. The summer transfer window was marked by the signing of the Albanian international Hamdi Salihi, who played at Rapid Wien. However, after a 2–2 draw against KF Laçi, they lost the Albanian Supercup 7–8 on penalties. They kicked off the 2015–16 campaign with their biggest ever Champions League and European win, as they defeated Northern Ireland side Crusaders 4–1. They lost the away match 2–3, but managed to qualify to the third qualifying round for the second time with an aggregate 6–4 score and they faced Milsami Orhei. They beat Milsami 2–0 both home and away to become the only Albanian side to qualify to the UEFA Champions League play-offs, where they met Dinamo Zagreb. They were defeated 1–2 at home and 1–4 away and eliminated from Champions League. They were dropped into the UEFA Europa League group stages, becoming the first Albanian club to progress to the group stage of a European competition. Skënderbeu Korçë were drawn against Beşiktaş, Lokomotiv Moscow and Sporting Lisbon. In matchday 1, their first ever group stage game, the club was defeated at home 0–1 by Beşiktaş after a hard fight between the two sides. In the next matchday, they lost 0–2 to Lokomotiv Moscow in Moscow, Russia. Their worst defeat in the European competition yet came the next matchday, a storming 1–5 loss to Sporting Lisbon in the away leg at Lisbon, Portugal, but also had the Albanian side scoring their first goal in the UEFA Europa League group stages. In the home match, Skënderbeu Korçë recorded a historical 3–0 win to Sporting Lisbon, which was one of the most important victories of a football club in Albania, as Skënderbeu recorded their points in a UEFA Europa League group stage game. Skënderbeu were banned from European football during the 2016-17 season over match-fixing allegations. The club has played its home games at the Skënderbeu Stadium since it was built in 1957. The stadium was fully renovated in 2010 in order to gain accreditation from UEFA to host European games at the ground. The stadium has a capacity of 5,724. It was approved by UEFA, to hold preliminary rounds of Champions League matches in 2011. Skenderbeu is considered to be one of the best supported clubs in Albania, with the majority of fans live in the Korçë District, which has a population of just under 140,000. The main supporters' group for the club is called Ujqërit e Dëborës, which literally translates to snow wolves. The group was formed in 2008 and quickly became considered the club's main supporters' group. They are present at every home game at the Skënderbeu Stadium and they also organise trips to every away game of the season, also attending Albanian national team games alongside other teams' supporters' groups. It is compulsory for every member to wear either the group's or Skënderbeu's clothing during games to distinguish between other fans. The group also has factions in different cities around the world where there are Albanian diaspora, including Toronto, Canada. Yearly membership to be an official member of the group costs 1000 lek (€7,14 or £5.86 as of 1 February 2014). They have a fierce rivalry with KF Tirana's supports groups Tirona Fanatics, with both sets of fans being involved in hooligan activities since Skënderbeu's rise to prominence overtaking KF Tirana around 2010. In September 2013 prior to an away game in Tiranë the Ujqërit e Deborës group called upon Tirona Fanatics members to reduce the tensions between the two sets of fans. In November 2013 Skënderbeu was forced to play Flamurtari Vlorë behind closed doors due to the behaviour of Ujqërit e Dëborës against Partizani Tirana in a 3–0 win on 2 November. The game against Partizani Tirana was seen by attended by 5500 and there were no altercations between rival fans or any offensive chanting but the Albanian Football Association deemed the choreography of the Ujqërit e Dëborës to be worthy of a one match ban on supporters. Albanian Superliga Albanian First Division Albanian Cup Albanian Supercup SuperSport Trophy As of 10 December 2015 (As of 24 November 2016) Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Companies that KF Skënderbeu Korçë currently has sponsorship deals with include:",1
Ōgaki_Domain,"Ōgaki_Domain  2007-11-21T17:39:03Z   The Ōgaki Domain (大垣藩, Ōgaki-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Mino Province (modern-day Ogaki, Gifu). The Ōgaki domain is the setting for Yamamoto Shūgorō's novel Hanamushiro (translated into English as The Flower Mat). ,  Ōgaki_Domain  2008-10-21T19:33:18Z   The Ōgaki Domain (大垣藩, Ōgaki-han) was a Japanese domain during the Edo period, located in Mino Province (modern-day Ōgaki, Gifu Prefecture). Historically, the Ōgaki area had been a highly important point of transit from Mino Province to Ōmi Province; it was vital to Saitō Dōsan and later to Oda Nobunaga. In the Edo period, the domain changed hands several times before it was given to the Toda clan, who held it until the Meiji Restoration. The Ōgaki Domain took part in the Boshin War, first on the side of the Shogunate, and then as one of the components of the imperial army which was at the forefront of the offensive against Aizu and the northern domains. In the Meiji period, the Toda family of Ōgaki received the rank of viscount (伯爵 hakushaku) in the new kazoku nobility. The Ōgaki domain is the setting for Yamamoto Shūgorō's novel Hanamushiro (translated into English as The Flower Mat).",0
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2017-01-02T17:14:08Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the TEDA Holding (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual off-season match between the two clubs. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The clubs first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however short lived and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995 while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It would look like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. While Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the player wages, and it wasn't until the club's owner Liu Huiwen heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. As of 1 March 2016 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: http://www.fa.org.cn Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of 1 January 2016. Key,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2018-12-22T06:12:17Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the TEDA Holding (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club in 1956 to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however, short-lived, and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however, be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995, while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club, and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It seemed like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did, winning the game 2-1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the players' wages, and it was not until the club's owner, Liu Huiwen, heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 2 March 2018 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2018 season. Key As of 1 January 2018 On neutral venue Tianjin TEDA F.C. score is counted first",1
Akademy,"Akademy  2008-05-16T13:20:17Z  The KDE aKademy is an annual contributor's conference for the K Desktop Environment. Each year's conference has a separate website:,  Akademy  2009-12-18T11:39:13Z  Akademy (capitalized as aKademy before 2008) is an annual contributor's conference for the K Desktop Environment. Each year's conference has a separate website:",1
Agar_Wynne,"Agar_Wynne  2010-10-11T17:52:19Z   Agar Wynne (15 July 1850 – 12 May 1934) was an Australian politician. Wynne was born in London, but his family emigrated to Australia when he was a child. He educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School and enrolled in an articled clerk's course at the University of Melbourne and was admitted as an attorney in July 1874. He married Mary Jane Robertson, née Smith, a widow with two children in November 1886. She died in 1889 and in February 1896 he married Annie Dudgeon, née Samuel, a widow with three children. In 1888, Wynne won the seat of Western Province in the Victorian Legislative Council which he held until 1903 and was Postmaster-General and Solicitor-General from 1893 to 1894 in Sir James Patterson's government and Solicitor-General from 1900 to 1902 in Sir George Turner's and Sir Alexander Peacock's governments. Wynne won the seat of Balaclava at the 1906 elections in the Australian House of Representatives as an Independent Protectionist. He joined the Fusion government and served as Postmaster-General in the Cook Ministry from June 1913 to its fall in September 1914, but he did not contest the 1914 elections, apparently because he could not reorganise his department to run on efficient business principles. Wynne returned to politics in 1917, winning the state seat of St Kilda and was Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, Minister of Railways and a Vice-President of the Board of Land and Works from November 1917 to March 1918 in Sir John Bowser's government. He did not stand for re-election in 1920. Wynne acquired Nerrin Nerrin, a 2953 ha property near Streatham, where he died after a series of strokes, survived by the daughter of his first marriage. Template:Persondata,  Agar_Wynne  2012-06-11T18:57:38Z   Agar Wynne (15 July 1850 – 12 May 1934) was an Australian politician. Wynne was born in London, but his family emigrated to Australia when he was a child. He educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School and enrolled in an articled clerk's course at the University of Melbourne and was admitted as an attorney in July 1874. He married Mary Jane Robertson, née Smith, a widow with two children in November 1886. She died in 1889 and in February 1896 he married Annie Dudgeon, née Samuel, a widow with three children. In 1888, Wynne won the seat of Western Province in the Victorian Legislative Council which he held until 1903 and was Postmaster-General and Solicitor-General from 1893 to 1894 in Sir James Patterson's government and Solicitor-General from 1900 to 1902 in Sir George Turner's and Sir Alexander Peacock's governments. Wynne won the seat of Balaclava at the 1906 elections in the Australian House of Representatives as an Independent Protectionist. He joined the Fusion government and served as Postmaster-General in the Cook Ministry from June 1913 to its fall in September 1914, but he did not contest the 1914 elections, apparently because he could not reorganise his department to run on efficient business principles. Wynne returned to politics in 1917, winning the state seat of St Kilda and was Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, Minister of Railways and a Vice-President of the Board of Land and Works from November 1917 to March 1918 in Sir John Bowser's government. He did not stand for re-election in 1920. Wynne acquired Nerrin Nerrin, a 2953 ha property near Streatham, where he died after a series of strokes, survived by the daughter of his first marriage. Template:Persondata",0
Blake Harrison,"Blake Harrison  2012-01-28T14:11:51Z  Blake Harrison (born 23 July 1985) is an English actor and dancer who is most well known for playing Neil Sutherland in the E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. He attended the BRIT School in 2003 and the East 15 Acting School in 2007, before appearing in The Inbetweeners and two episodes of The Bill for ITV as Pete Monks in 2008. He has also appeared in fringe theatre productions, such as The Accidental Lives of Memories as well as Market Boy and Richard III while training. He is a member of the British Equity. He also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions and is due to feature in the upcoming British film Re-Uniting the Rubins. He lives in Sidcup ; as well as acting he also writes music and is a fan of Millwall Football Club. funny guy as dave on todd margret,  Blake Harrison  2013-12-29T21:52:30Z  Blake Harrison (born Blake Harrison Keenan; 23 June 1985) is an English actor, best known for playing Neil Sutherland in the E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. He attended the BRIT School in 2003 and graduated from East 15 Acting School. Blake starred in three series and a subsequent film of the multi-award winning comedyThe Inbetweeners'. Harrison's other television work includes the BBC Three Comedy Way to Go, Comedy Central's Big Bad World, 'The Bleak Old Shop of Stuff, and The Bill. Harrison also starred in both seasons of 'The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret', created by David Cross. Harrison's theatre work includes Step 9 of 12 at the Trafalgar Studios, London in 2012 and The Accidental Lives of Memories at the White Bear Theatre. Harrison's film work includes 'Keeping Rosy' with Maxine Peake and Re-Uniting the Rubins' with Timothy Spall; he also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions. Harrison is a huge fan of Millwall Football Club.",1
George_Bowdler_Buckton,"George_Bowdler_Buckton  2022-01-28T07:52:12Z   George Bowdler Buckton (24 May 1818, London – 25 September 1905, Haslemere, Surrey) was an English chemist and entomologist who specialised in aphids. Early Life Buckton was born in London and lived in Hornsey, England, the eldest son of George Buckton (1785 - 1847; Proctor to the Prerogative Court of Canterbury) and Eliza Buckton (née Merricks, 1786 - 1842). At the age of five he had an accident which left him partially paralysed for the rest of his long life; this precluded attendance at school so he was privately educated. He became however a scholar of classics and was an accomplished musician and painter. After his father's death he moved to Queen's Road, West London, and In 1848 he became an assistant to August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818-1892) at the nearby Royal College of Chemistry in London. , , In 1867 he married Mary Ann Odling (1831 – 1927), the sister of William Odling with whom he had written his last chemical paper. He designed his house at Haslemere and built an observatory there. Research in Chemistry His first paper, on reactions of cyanogen with platinum ammine complexes, appeared in 1852. He wrote two papers with Hofmann on reactions of sulfuric acid with amides and nitriles. He also publIshed much work on alkyls of main-group elements, e. g. on the discovery of the anti-knock agent tetra-ethyl lead. ; His last paper on chemistry, on aluminium trimethyl and triethyl, appeared in 1865 c-authored with William Odling. Much of his research on alkyls has been reviewed by modern authors. , appeared wrote scientific papers on chemistry until 1865 when he moved to Haslemere and started to study Hemiptera. In 1867, he was elected a member of the Royal Society. He wrote: Personality Of him, Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote that Buckton had "" Truly a devoted, spiritual, knightly nature, with a faith as clear as the height of the pure blue heaven. "" This article about a British entomologist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  George_Bowdler_Buckton  2022-06-15T04:16:22Z   George Bowdler Buckton (24 May 1818, London – 25 September 1905, Haslemere, Surrey) was an English chemist and entomologist who specialised in aphids. Early Life Buckton was born in London and lived in Hornsey, England. He was the eldest son of George Buckton (1785 - 1847; Proctor to the Prerogative Court of Canterbury) and Eliza Buckton (née Merricks, 1786 - 1842). At the age of five he had an accident which left him partially paralysed for the rest of his long life; this precluded attendance at school so he was privately educated. He became however a scholar of classics and was an accomplished musician and painter. After his father's death he moved to Queen's Road, West London, and In 1848 he became an assistant to August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818-1892) at the nearby Royal College of Chemistry in London. , , In 1867 he married Mary Ann Odling (1831 – 1927), the sister of William Odling with whom he had written his last chemical paper. He designed his house at Haslemere and built an observatory there. His eldest daughter was the poet Alice Buckton and Alfred, Lord Tennyson was a near neighbor. Research in Chemistry His first paper, on reactions of cyanogen with platinum ammine complexes, appeared in 1852. He wrote two papers with Hofmann on reactions of sulfuric acid with amides and nitriles. He also published much work on alkyls of main-group elements, e. g. on the discovery of the anti-knock agent tetra-ethyl lead. His last paper on chemistry, on trimethyl- and triethylaluminium, appeared in 1865 co-authored with William Odling. Much of his research on alkylmetal compounds has been reviewed by modern authors. , He joined the Chemical Society in 1852 and was elected to the Royal Society in 1857. Buckton wrote scientific papers on chemistry until 1865 when he moved to Haslemere and started to study Hemiptera. He joined the Linnaean Society in 1845 and the Entomological Society in 1883. In the field of entomology, he wrote several works: Personality Of him, Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote that Buckton had ""Truly a devoted, spiritual, knightly nature, with a faith as clear as the height of the pure blue heaven. "" 1. W. F. Kirby, ""George Bowdler Buckton 1818-1905,"" Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser. B 1907, 51, xlv - xlviii. https://www. jstor. org/stable/80046 2. J. Spiller, ""George Bowdler Buckton"". J. Chem. Soc. , Trans. 1907, 91:663–665. https://doi. org/10. 1039/CT9079100660 3. R. Steele (rev. Y. Foote), ""Buckton, George Bowdler (1818 - 1905)"", Dictionary of National Biography. https://doi. org/10. 1093/ref:odnb/32160 4. G. B. Buckton, “Observations upon the deportment of diplatosamine with cyanogen”, Quart. J. Chem. Soc. Lond. , 1852, 4, 26 – 34. https://doi. org/10. 1039/QJ8520400026 5. G. B. Buckton and A. W. Hofmann. 1856. Researches on the action of sulphuric acid on the amides and nitriles, together with some remarks upon conjugated sulpho-acids. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. , 1856, 9, 453–459. https://doi. org/10. 1098/rstl. 1856. 0021 6. G. B. Buckton, “Further remarks on the organo-metallic radicals, and observations more particularly directed to the isolation of mercuric, plumbic, and stannic ethyl,” Proc. Roy. Soc. London 1859, 9, 309 – 316. https://doi. org/10. 1098/rspl. 1857. 0075 7. G. B. Buckton and W. Odling, “Preliminary note on some aluminium compounds”, Proc. Roy Soc. 1865, 14, 19 – 21. https://doi. org/10. 1098/rspl. 1865. 0006 8. D. Seyferth, “The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 1. Discovery and Slow Development in European Universities, 1853-1920”. Organometallics 2003, 22, 2346 – 2357. https://doi. org/10. 1021/om030245v 9. J. W. Nicholson, “The Early History of Organotin Chemistry”, J. Chem. Ed. 1989, 66, 621 – 623. https://doi. org/10. 1021/ed066p621",0
Mathieu_Crépel,"Mathieu_Crépel  2008-11-26T03:24:04Z   Mathieu Crépel (born October 26, 1984 in Tarbes, Hautes-Pyrénées) is a French professional snowboarder and World Champion based in Anglet, Northern Basque Country. Crépel rides regular stance. He has also surfed competitively in the multi-discipline Quik Cup. Crépel began snowboarding at the age of six in the Pyrenean resort of La Mongie (Hautes Pyrenees) on a customised board specially designed for a small child with ski bindings, soon earning the nickname 'Little Monkey' for his agility. His family attended many major winter sports events due to his father's occupation as a ski instructor and consequently Crépel was present at the birth of snowboarding in France and the Pyrenees. When he was 10 years old, Crépel was spotted by Terje Haakonsen whilst on a Quiksilver photoshoot in Greenland and invited to take part in the Arctic Challenge and by the age of 15 he had been runner up in the Youth World Championships. He went on to win the snowboarding title in the Quik Cup of 2001 and 2002 , took third place in the 2001 Half Pipe Junior World Championships and second place in the 2003 Quiksilver Slopestyle Pro in 2003. In 2005 Crépel won the Crystal Globe and was the first ever French winner of a half pipe world title. In 2006 Crépel represented France at the Olympic Winter Games but failed to win a medal however later in the same year he became the first Ticket to Ride (TTR) World Snowboard Tour champion. In 2007, Mathieu Crépel became world champion at both big air and the half pipe at the World Championships in Arosa, Switzerland. During the big air he became the first ever person to land a switch backside 12 in competition. The Mathieu Crépel Invitational is a new annual event (inaugural meet February 2008) which will be held in the Ayré Forest in the Pyrenees and will form part of the TTR World Championship series. The event is notable for its unique format - each rider nominates two tricks and the set trick list is created by drawing five of the nominations at random. Crépel has appeared in several snowboarding videos and is the subject of a book published in France by Editions Rival. Crépel's sponsors include Rossignol Snowboards, as well as Quiksilver, Quiksilver Eyewear, Evian, Nokia, Fiat, Giro, the Domaine du Tourmalet (a ski area in the French Pyrenees) and the Hautes-Pyrénées’ department. He also lends his name to a line of various pro-model boards developed in collaboration with his sponsors including Rossignol and Quiksilver. He also a supporter of the environmental organisations the Mountain Riders association and the Surfrider Foundation,  Mathieu_Crépel  2010-02-07T21:29:05Z   Mathieu Crépel (born October 26, 1984 in Tarbes, Hautes-Pyrénées) is a French professional snowboarder and World Champion based in Anglet, Northern Basque Country. Crépel rides regular stance. He has also surfed competitively in the multi-discipline Quik Cup. Crépel began snowboarding at the age of six in the Pyrenean resort of La Mongie (Hautes Pyrenees) on a customised board specially designed for a small child with ski bindings, soon earning the nickname 'Little Monkey' for his agility. His family attended many major winter sports events due to his father's occupation as a ski instructor and consequently Crépel was present at the birth of snowboarding in France and the Pyrenees. When he was 10 years old, Crépel was spotted by Terje Haakonsen whilst on a Quiksilver photoshoot in Greenland and invited to take part in the Arctic Challenge and by the age of 15 he had been runner up in the Youth World Championships. He went on to win the snowboarding title in the Quik Cup of 2001 and 2002 , took third place in the 2001 Half Pipe Junior World Championships and second place in the 2003 Quiksilver Slopestyle Pro in 2003. In 2005 Crépel won the Crystal Globe and was the first ever French winner of a half pipe world title. In 2006 Crépel represented France at the Olympic Winter Games but failed to win a medal however later in the same year he became the first Ticket to Ride (TTR) World Snowboard Tour champion. In 2007, Mathieu Crépel became world champion at both big air and the half pipe at the World Championships in Arosa, Switzerland. During the big air he became the first ever person to land a switch backside 12 in competition. The Mathieu Crépel Invitational is a new annual event (inaugural meet February 2008) which will be held in the Ayré Forest in the Pyrenees and will form part of the TTR World Championship series. The event is notable for its unique format - each rider nominates two tricks and the set trick list is created by drawing five of the nominations at random. Crépel has appeared in several snowboarding videos and is the subject of a book published in France by Editions Rival. He also a supporter of the environmental organisations the Mountain Riders association and the Surfrider Foundation",0
Neot_Mordechai,"Neot_Mordechai  2010-02-03T15:26:34Z   Neot Mordechai (Template:Lang-he-n) is a kibbutz in the Upper Galilee in Israel. A member of the Kibbutz Movement, it is under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. The kibbutz was established on 2 November 1946 by immigrants from Czechoslovakia, Germany and Austria. It was named in honour of Mordechai Rozovsky, a Zionist activist in Argentina. Aside from agriculture, the kibbutz is the home of Teva Naot, which is a shoe factory with many branches all over Israel and some selling overseas. Not to be confused with Teva Sport Sandals a worldwide different sandal manufacturer. ,  Neot_Mordechai  2013-03-01T13:06:01Z   Neot Mordechai (Template:Lang-he-n) is a kibbutz in the Upper Galilee in Israel. A member of the Kibbutz Movement, it is under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. The kibbutz was established on 2 November 1946 by immigrants from Czechoslovakia, Germany and Austria. It was named in honour of Mordechai Rozovsky, a Zionist activist in Argentina. Aside from agriculture, the kibbutz is the home of Teva Naot, which is a shoe factory with many branches all over Israel and some selling overseas.",0
Björn Strid,"Björn Strid  2015-01-20T16:22:54Z  Björn Ove Ingemar ""Speed"" Strid (born 10 September 1978 Born in Helsingborg, Sweden) is a vocalist with a resume that includes work in bands such as Highball Shooters, Disarmonia Mundi, Terror 2000, Coldseed, The Night Flight Orchestra and most notably Soilwork. In 2010, he provided guest vocals to the song Collapsing by US band Demon Hunter and power metal band Kamelot on the song the Great Pandemonium, from Poetry for the Poisoned. His most recent guest appearance to a band is in I Killed The Prom Queen's new album titled Beloved, in the song ""Calvert Street"", and in the project I Legion, where he sings 4 songs on the album. In 2014 he provided guest vocals for the song The Quiet Light by Canadian band Mellevon,The Castaway by The Moor. , and Before you finally break by Swedish band Sonic Syndicate. Strid grew up in Sweden and received the nickname ""Speed"" from fellow students as a result of the ""extreme music"" he was known to enjoy. He co-founded Soilwork in 1995 under the name Inferior Breed which was later changed to Soilwork once the fledgling band's sound began to take shape. He is the only member to have stayed with the band for the duration of its existence, and is the only original member still in the band as of 2013. Most of the lyrics are written by Strid as well. Strid has also provided vocals for Darkane on their demo recording prior to Lawrence Mackrory joining the band before their debut album. He made a guest appearance on the Destruction track ""The Alliance of Hellhoundz"" alongside numerous other prominent metal singers, as well as appearing on Zero Tolerance's ""Prime Time Mind Surgery"", Phoenix-based metal band Howitzer's ""245"", and Danish band Mercenary's ""Redefine Me"", from their album The Hours That Remain. He has also recently provided guest vocals for the Seattle, WA-based band Demon Hunter on the track ""Collapsing"" from their album The World Is a Thorn which was released on 9 March 2010, and also performs on power metal band Kamelot's Poetry for the Poisoned in the track ""The Great Pandemonium"". Recently he performed the choruses on The Moor's new single ""The Castaway"" which was released on 27 July 2014. Strid utilizes a varied vocal style, being able to quickly alternate between more guttural growls and higher screams and clean, harmonious vocals, and has gone on record as saying that Killing Machine, which was retitled as Hell Bent for Leather for US release by Judas Priest is his favorite album, but more recently has cited Iron Maiden's The Number of the Beast as his favourite. ,  Björn Strid  2016-12-29T21:32:45Z  Björn Ove Ingemar ""Speed"" Strid (born 10 September 1978, Helsingborg, Sweden) is a Swedish vocalist who has worked with bands such as I Legion, Disarmonia Mundi, Terror 2000, Coldseed, The Night Flight Orchestra and most notably Soilwork. Strid grew up in Sweden and received the nickname ""Speed"" from fellow students as a result of the ""extreme music"" he was known to enjoy. He co-founded Soilwork in 1995 under the name Inferior Breed which was later changed to Soilwork once the fledgling band's sound began to take shape. He is the only member to have stayed with the band for the duration of its existence, and is the only original member still in the band as of 2016. Most of Soilwork's lyrics are written by Strid himself. Strid has also provided vocals for Darkane on their demo recording prior to Lawrence Mackrory joining the band before their debut album. He made a guest appearance on the Destruction track ""The Alliance of Hellhoundz"" alongside numerous other prominent metal singers, as well as appearing on Zero Tolerance's ""Prime Time Mind Surgery"", Phoenix-based metal band Howitzer's ""245"", and Danish band Mercenary's ""Redefine Me"", from their album The Hours That Remain. He has also recently provided guest vocals for the Seattle, WA-based band Demon Hunter on the track ""Collapsing"" from their album The World Is a Thorn which was released on 9 March 2010, and also performs on power metal band Kamelot's Poetry for the Poisoned in the track ""The Great Pandemonium"". He also performed guest vocals on the track ""Puppets 2: The Rain"" by American metalcore band Motionless in White. Recently he performed the choruses on The Moor's new single ""The Castaway"" which was released on 27 July 2014. He also provided vocals on Earthside's song, ""Crater"", from their critically acclaimed debut album A Dream In Static. Strid utilizes a varied vocal style, being able to quickly alternate between more guttural growls and higher screams and clean, harmonious vocals, and has gone on record as saying that Killing Machine, which was retitled as Hell Bent for Leather for US release by Judas Priest is his favorite album, but more recently has cited Iron Maiden's The Number of the Beast as his favourite. Björn Strid has provided vocals for the following artists:",1
Bertrand Baguette,"Bertrand Baguette  2007-05-28T20:53:52Z  Welcome on the wikipedia space of Bertrand Baguette, the only Belgian driver that is driving in the World Series by Renault. This race driver whas born in Verviers on the 23/02/86. His career started when he was 14 years old, he started by the first step of all the good race drivers of today , it was karting ! allready since his beginning he was a good driver , he finished his first year on the 5th place here is the rest of his palmares : 2000 : karting : blue class,inter-provincial championship , 5th 2001 : karting : junior class, Belgian championship, 7th 2002 : karting : ICA class, Belgian championship, 7th 2003 : karting : ICA class, Belgian championship,Champion Winner RACB Formula Renault Academy - Integration into the 2004 renault team in the 1.6 category 2004 : Formule Renault 1.6, Belgian championship, 3rd 2005 : Formule Renault 2.0, European championship, 7th 2006 : Formule Renault 2.0, European championship, 4th 2007 : Formule Renault 3.5, World series by Renault in the KTR team Go to his : - oficial website : - oficial fanclub :,  Bertrand Baguette  2008-10-19T14:20:16Z  Bertrand Baguette (born February 23 1986) is a Belgian racing driver. Since 2000, he has competed in various motorsport formulae. After a first season with Team KTR in the World Series by Renault in 2007, in which he took two podium finishes, he will continue in the category for 2008. He will drive for the Italian team Draco, which has previously employed Brazilians Felipe Massa and Rubens Barrichello, both of whom are now in Formula One.",1
William_Galison,"William_Galison  2007-11-05T01:56:27Z   William Galison is an American jazz musician, most famous as a harmonica player but also known as a multi-instrumentalist, singer and composer. Galison was born and raised in New York City, New York. As a child, he started to study piano, but at the age of eight decided to switch to guitar having been inspired by The Beatles. He developed a love of jazz in High School and subsequently attended Berklee College of Music in Boston. He decided to change to the harmonica because ""I was one of a million guitarists at Berklee"" and it was easy to carry around. He became Berklee's only harmonica player. Among his role models at the time were Toots Thielemans and Stevie Wonder. After Berklee, he studied further at Wesleyan University in Connecticut, then returned to New York in 1982. He swiftly developed a good reputation as a singer, songwriter and instrumentalist. He performed at various New York venues including The Village Gate, The Blue Note and the Lone Star Cafe with legendary jazz musicians Jaco Pastorius and Jaki Byard. He also played with his own group at Preacher's Cafe in Greenwich Village. Galison has worked with a diverse range of artists including Carly Simon, Sting, Barbra Streisand, Peggy Lee, Chaka Khan and Astrud Gilberto. He has performed Gordon Jacob's ""Suite for Harmonica and Orchestra"" and toured the USA in the Broadway musical, Big River. He has also recorded soundtracks for films, most notably Academy Award nominees The Untouchables and Bagdad Café. His harmonica is also heard on the Sesame Street theme (""a great honor"") and countless commercials. One of his major influences and role models, Toots Thielmans, once described him as ""the most original and individual of the new generation of harmonica players"". In the summer of 2002, Galison met a jazz singer and guitarist by the name of Madeleine Peyroux in Greenwich Village. They started to play music together frequently, resulting in many short tours of the East Coast as a duo; later as a trio and a quartet. In spring 2003, Galison recorded a demo with Peyroux, largely consisting of songs they'd been playing live. They recorded seven tracks with Peyroux singing and playing guitar and Galison playing harmonica. He recruited an impressive set of back-up musicians including Bob Dylan's bassist Tony Garnier and Saturday Night Live's drummer Sean Pelton on three tracks with Rod Stewart's bassist Conrad Korsch and Conan O'Brien's drummer James Wormworth on the rest. Carly Simon appears very briefly, speaking one line. Before these sessions could be released, Galison decided that they needed additional material and some overdubbing. He added two instrumentals and a track from early 2004, as well as a track (Flambee Montalbanese) that he recorded with the German ensemble Quadra Nuevo in 1999. He sings on four of the eleven tracks, twice with Peyroux. His voice has been described favorably as ""somewhere between Paul Simon and James Taylor"". ,  William_Galison  2009-04-15T22:57:05Z   William Galison is an American jazz musician, most famous as a harmonica player but also known as a multi-instrumentalist, singer and composer. Galison was born and raised in New York City, New York. As a child, he started to study piano, but at the age of eight decided to switch to guitar having been inspired by The Beatles. He developed a love of jazz in high school and subsequently attended Berklee College of Music in Boston. He decided to change to the harmonica because ""I was one of a million guitarists at Berklee"" and it was easy to carry around. He became Berklee's only harmonica player. Among his role models at the time were Toots Thielemans and Stevie Wonder. After Berklee, he studied further at Wesleyan University in Connecticut, then returned to New York in 1982. He swiftly developed a good reputation as a singer, songwriter and instrumentalist. He performed at various New York venues including The Village Gate, The Blue Note and the Lone Star Cafe with legendary jazz musicians Jaco Pastorius and Jaki Byard. He also played with his own group at Preacher's Cafe in Greenwich Village. Galison has worked with a diverse range of artists including Carly Simon, Sting, Barbra Streisand, Peggy Lee, Chaka Khan and Astrud Gilberto. He has performed Gordon Jacob's ""Suite for Harmonica and Orchestra"" and toured the USA in the Broadway musical, Big River. He has also recorded soundtracks for films, most notably Academy Award nominees The Untouchables and Bagdad Café. His harmonica is also heard on the Sesame Street theme (""a great honor"") and countless commercials. Other television work includes Oz and Saturday Night Live. One of his major influences and role models, Toots Thielmans, once described him as ""the most original and individual of the new generation of harmonica players"". Some of his more notable contributions: 'Love Letters' by Janet Seidel and William Galison was released in 2001. Seidel is an Australian singer and piano player. ABC Fine Music magazine gave the album a glowing review, saying: ""a sheen of quiet sophistication is everywhere apparent. "" Seidel and Galison toured Queensland, Australia's jazz clubs to promote the album, which was well received by audiences and critics alike. In 2002, Galison met a jazz singer and guitarist by the name of Madeleine Peyroux in a bar on Bleecker Street in Greenwich Village, New York City. They started to play music together in May of that year and toured up and down the East Coast of the US for the next 14 months as a duo; later as a trio and a quartet. Galison acted as Peyroux's musical director and arranger. Peyroux moved in with Galison and they shared a residence from July 2002 to February 2003. In February they recorded a seven song CD called Got You on My Mind (henceforth referred to as GYOMM) which they sold at their live shows. It was essentially a good-quality demo. Galison had recruited an impressive set of back-up musicians including Bob Dylan's bassist Tony Garnier and Saturday Night Live's drummer Sean Pelton on three tracks with Rod Stewart's bassist Conrad Korsch and Conan O'Brien's drummer James Wormworth on the rest. Carly Simon appeared very briefly, speaking one line. By August of that year, they had played a great many shows including a performance with the Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra. Peyroux was by then signed to Rounder Records, a division of Universal. Various legal problems then arose from conflicting accounts of who held the copyright to the recordings. Peyroux's attorney Jeff Greenberg played a large part in creating confusion over the matter. In August 2003, Peyroux abruptly, and without explanation, stopped performing with Galison. He was quoted as saying ""We were romantically involved. She lived with me, she was eating my food. We were romantically involved and we had an amazing act. But suddenly she stopped working with me. "" At around the same time, Greenberg unsuccessfully attempted to get Galison to sell him the rights to GYOMM. In December 2003, Galison informed Rounder of his intention to add new tracks to GYOMM and release it as a full album, as he was entitled to do as joint owner of the material. Rounder were shocked by this because their forty-seven-page contract with Peyroux claimed that she had the sole commercial rights to the CD. Galison's name didn't appear anywhere in the contract. . He decided on the additional material and carried out some minor overdubbing. He added two instrumentals and a track from early 2004, as well as a track (Flambee Montalbanese) that he recorded with the German ensemble Quadra Nuevo in 1999. Galison sings on four of the eleven tracks, twice with Peyroux. His voice has been described favorably as ""somewhere between Paul Simon and James Taylor"". Due to Greenberg's misrepresentation of the ownership of the album to Rounder, and because the expanded version of GYOMM would be ready six months prior to the release of Careless Love, Rounder threatened to cancel Peyroux’s contract immediately. In December 2003, a letter from Greenberg said: ""it is the position of our client and Rounder that if Mr. Galison or his designees proceed in the manner described. . . such claims will give rise to material breach of the agreement between Mr. Galison and Ms. Peyroux concerning exploitation of the recording, tortuous interference with the contractual relationship between Ms. Peyroux and Rounder Records, infringement of Ms Peyroux's rights in the recordings and her performance thereon, unauthorized use of our client's name, likeness and trademark, false designation of origin under the Lanham act and violation of various state and common law unfair competition and unfair trade laws. Ms. Peyroux and Rounder records will advise any third party seeking to sell, distribute or otherwise exploit any of the recordings that such release is unauthorized and actionable. "" Greenberg then claimed, ""Over the course of this year, we have obtained directly and from Ms. Peyroux, evidence of numerous incidents of physically and verbally abusive behavior by Mr. Galison against Ms. Peyroux. "" and additionally that ""Mr. Galison has also made documented claims and threats against Ms. Peyroux and her business representatives, which caused her to contemplate filing criminal harassment charges against Mr. Galison. "" Peyroux denied these allegations under oath, saying ""I've never said I was physically abused by Mr. Galison. And that's something we went over last time, and I answered the same way. "" Despite this, Greenberg made these allegations known to Rounder and to Cynthia Herbst, Peyroux's manager. He also made the claim that Galison had violated a ""verbal agreement"" that prohibited him from selling GYOMM outside of Peyroux's live shows. Greenberg hasn't provided any evidence that such an agreement ever existed. As a result of Greenberg's unfounded claims, Galison's attorney demanded an immediate recantation, but received no response from either Greenberg or Peyroux. Peyroux later testified that she had been unaware of the existence of any letter from Galison's lawyer. On January 18, 2003, Galison appeared on NPR's 'Weekend Edition' to announce the imminent release of GYOMM. The day after the interview, publisher Echomusic received hundreds of pre-orders. However, a day later, Greenberg sent a letter to Echomusic warning that selling the album would be ""violative of Ms. Madeleine's rights, including without limitation, her ownership rights in seven of the recordings on the Album (the ""Masters""), her authorship rights in a composition on the album (the ""Composition""), and rights to the use of her name, likeness and biographical material in connection with the advertising and sale of the Album. Such sales would also interfere with the contractual relations of Ms. Madeleine and Rounder Records. "" According to U. S. copyright law, Galison was within his rights to promote and sell the CD. In an attempt to avoid legal action, Galison made contact with the owners of Rounder, Ken Irwin and Bill Nowlin. Galison urged them to tell Greenberg to recognize his ownership - which would defuse the situation. Irwin responded that the situation was being handled by Rounder's legal department and he wouldn't be getting involved. Irwin subsequently attempted to have a 'protective order' placed against Galison due to 'harassing emails'; an allegation that was disproved when Galison supplied copies of the entire email exchange that were found to contain nothing that could be described as harassment. In April 2004, Galison filed a complaint against Greenberg, Greenberg's firm and Peyroux in the Federal civil court for tortuous interference, libel and for a judgment establishing his joint ownership of GYOMM. Upon arriving in court, Peyroux's lawyers provided an affidavit stating that Greenberg had been mistaken when he claimed Galison would be guilty of copyright infingement and that Galison was indeed joint owner of the album and joint author of the song 'Playin'. Despite this admission, Peyroux's lawyers argued that the case was not about copyrights and shouldn't be held in Federal court. The lawyers insisted that though they had been wrong about Galison's ownership of GYOMM, he was still forbidden from selling the album due to a verbal agreement with Peyroux that restricted him to selling it at her shows. No evidence of such a verbal agreement has ever been produced. In September 2005, Galison filed a $1 million lawsuit against Peyroux, Jeffrey Greenberg and Rounder Records. Galison said that he had had an agreement with Peyroux to tour and support the album, but that her attorney had attempted to sever their professional relationship through a disinformation campaign once Peyroux had been in contact with Rounder. This partly consisted of unfounded allegations of abuse. Galison insisted that none of the allegations involved physical touching, telling United Press International, ""I never touched her inappropriately, ever. "" Another aspect of the lawsuit was an allegation of ""trade libel"" due to 'his' album being passed off to Universal, parent company of Rounder, as a demo solely owned by Peyroux, helping her to win a contract with them. Peyroux subsequently countersued Galison for $5 million for various claims, most of which were dismissed. The two remaining claims are a motion for accounting and a motion for damages due to use of her name and picture on the album's cover. The case continues to rumble on, although Galison is keen to end it amicably and to that end wrote an 'Open letter' to Madeleine Peyroux giving his account of what had happened and why and how she could end all the legal problems very easily if she chose to. As a result if his experience in the lawsuit against Madeliene Peyroux and her lawyer Jeff Greenberg, Galison has dedicated much of his time to campaigning against corruption in in the judiciary of New York State. The primary objects of Galison's reform efforts are the so-called ""oversight agencies"" that are mandated to enforce rules and laws regulating the behavior of judges and lawyers; the and the various Departmental ""grievance committees"", respectively. Galison uses a wide range of instruments and equipment, including, but not limited to, the following: Galison has said: ""I endorse Hohner, and think they do make the best sounding harmonica. """,0
American_Health_Line,"American_Health_Line  2009-04-11T20:22:46Z   American Health Line is a daily health care policy briefing which ""covers the coverage. "" It is published by the Advisory Board Company from its headquarters in Washington, DC. It was previously under the auspices of National Journal. American Health Line's primary audience includes health care professionals. It intends to be a comprehensive, non-partisan digest of that day's health care events relating to policy and industry. Related publications of American Health Line include California Healthline, iHealthBeat, Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report, Kaiser Weekly Health Disparities Report, Greater Cincinnati Health Watch and Global Health Reporting. ,  American_Health_Line  2011-06-14T20:21:39Z   American Health Line is a daily health care policy briefing which ""covers the coverage"". It is published by the Advisory Board Company from its headquarters in Washington, DC. It was previously under the auspices of National Journal. American Health Line's primary audience includes health care professionals. It intends to be a comprehensive, non-partisan digest of that day's health care events relating to policy and industry. Related publications of American Health Line include California Healthline, iHealthBeat, Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report, Kaiser Weekly Health Disparities Report, Greater Cincinnati Health Watch and Global Health Reporting.",0
Baby Blues,"Baby Blues  2020-01-01T19:40:02Z  Baby Blues is an American comic strip created and produced by Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott since January 7, 1990. Distributed by King Features Syndicate since 1995, the strip focuses on the MacPherson family and specifically on the raising of the three MacPherson children. When the strip debuted, the MacPherson family consisted of Darryl and Wanda and newborn Zoe. The first strip took place in the hospital room shortly after Zoe was born. Later, two more children—Hammie, the middle child and the only son, and Wren, the youngest child—were added to the family. Both Kirkman and Scott have drawn from their own parenting experiences as a source for the strip's content. The strip features three families. MacPherson is in focus. Butch and Bunny together with Yolanda and Mike makes occasional appearances. The children in Baby Blues have aged as the strip has progressed, although at a slower rate than real-time. Kirkman and Scott have stated that the strip's timeline is ""about a 3 to 1 ratio."" As of 2018, Zoe, Hammie and Wren are 9, 7, and 19 months respectively. In 2000, Baby Blues was adapted into an animated cartoon series which aired on the WB Television Network for a few weeks in the summer, from July 28 to August 24, 2000, before being cancelled due to low-ratings. The animated version's timeline was from when Darryl and Wanda first gave birth to Zoe. Mike O'Malley supplied the voice of Darryl while Julia Sweeney played Wanda. The Baby Blues television series differed from the comic strip by focusing on Darryl and Wanda's relationship with the Bittermans, a neighbor family with three children (Rodney, Megan, and Shelby); Kenny, Darryl's co-worker; and Bizzy, the babysitter for Zoe. Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott had only minimal creative control over the television series. The WB typically aired two episodes each week, thus enabling eight different episodes to be shown in the five-week run, before cancelling the series due to low-ratings. The remaining unaired episodes were broadcast on Cartoon Network during the Adult Swim block in 2002. A second season consisting of 13 episodes of Baby Blues was produced, but has never aired, and it is unknown if these episodes will ever air on television, or have a DVD or blu-ray release. Reruns are occasionally shown on Adult Swim and TBS. The theme song was ""It's All Been Done"" by the Barenaked Ladies. Baby Blues has been translated into French. This strip appeared in Canadian French-language newspapers on January 14, 2006.,  Baby Blues  2021-12-26T22:11:53Z  Baby Blues is an American comic strip created and produced by Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott since January 7, 1990. Distributed by King Features Syndicate since 1995, the strip focuses on the MacPherson family and specifically on the raising of the three MacPherson children. When the strip debuted, the MacPherson family consisted of Darryl and Wanda and newborn Zoe. The first strip took place in the hospital room shortly after Zoe was born. Later, two more children—Hammie, the middle child and the only son, and Wren, the youngest child—were added to the family. Both Kirkman and Scott have drawn from their own parenting experiences as a source for the strip's content. The strip features three families. The MacPhersons are the main focus. Butch and Bunny together with Yolanda and Mike make occasional appearances. The children in Baby Blues have aged as the strip has progressed, although at a slower rate than real-time. Kirkman and Scott have stated that the strip's timeline is ""about a 3 to 1 ratio."" As of 2021, Zoe, Hammie and Wren are 9, 7, and 2 respectively. The first three Scrapbooks in the list below were not labelled ""scrapbook"" and didn't get a number, but they can be assumed to be number 1, 2 and 3 in that series because in the time line they precede number 4 of the Scrapbooks, and all of these books follow the same concept, i.e. they are collections of Baby Blues strips from the newspapers. Starting with Scrapbook 30, the books come in a larger format and contain more strips. Scrapbooks are paperbacks. Treasuries are collections / compilations from strips in the Scrapbooks. Almost all of the Treasuries are paperbacks, just one is a hardcover (marked as ""HC"" here below). These two books are not labelled ""treasuries"", but follow a similar concept, i.e. they also repeat strips from the Scrapbooks, but emphasize a specific topic (school; the relationship between Darryl and Wanda). They are paperbacks. These books are collections / compilations similar to the Treasuries, but the Gift Books are smaller in size and come as hardcovers. Baby Blues was adapted into an animated television series for The WB. The animated version's timeline was from when Darryl and Wanda first gave birth to Zoe. Mike O'Malley supplied the voice of Darryl while Julia Sweeney played Wanda. The first eight episodes of Baby Blues originally aired on The WB from July 28 to August 24, 2000, before being canceled. The five remaining episodes from the first season eventually aired on Adult Swim in 2002. A second season, consisting of 13 episodes, was produced but never aired. The television series differed from the comic strip by focusing on Darryl and Wanda's relationship with the Bittermans, a neighbor family with three children (Rodney, Megan, and Shelby); Kenny, Darryl's co-worker; and Bizzy, the babysitter for Zoe. Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott had only minimal creative control over the television series. The theme song was ""It's All Been Done"" by the Barenaked Ladies. Baby Blues has been translated into French and German. This strip appeared in Canadian French-language newspapers on January 14, 2006.",1
Blake Harrison,"Blake Harrison  2017-01-08T22:42:05Z  'Blake Harrison Keenan, better known as Neil Sutherland (born 22 July 1985), is an English actor, best known for playing Neil Sutherland in the BAFTA-winning E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. Blake starred in three series and two subsequent films of the multi-award winning comedy The Inbetweeners. Harrison's other television work includes the BBC Three comedies Way to Go and Him & Her, Comedy Central's Big Bad World, The Bleak Old Shop of Stuff, and The Bill. Harrison also starred in all three seasons of The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret, created by David Cross. Harrison's theatre work includes Step 9 of 12 at the Trafalgar Studios, London in 2012 and The Accidental Lives of Memories at the White Bear Theatre. Harrison's film work includes Keeping Rosy with Maxine Peake and Re-Uniting the Rubins with Timothy Spall; he also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions. In 2014 he played Alfie in the ITV sitcom Edge of Heaven. Harrison also provided the voice of Scoop in the British and American versions of the 2015 reboot of the British children's TV series Bob the Builder. He played the part of Private Pike in the 2016 film remake of Dad's Army.,  Blake Harrison  2018-12-29T01:03:11Z  Blake Harrison (born 22 July 1985) is an English actor. He is best-known for playing Neil Sutherland in the BAFTA-winning E4 comedy The Inbetweeners. Blake starred in three series and two subsequent films of the multi-award-winning comedy The Inbetweeners. Harrison's other television work includes the BBC Three comedies Way to Go and Him & Her, Comedy Central's Big Bad World, The Bleak Old Shop of Stuff, and The Bill. Harrison also starred in all three seasons of The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret, created by David Cross. Harrison's theatre work includes 'End of the Pier' at the Park Theatre in 2018, Step 9 of 12 at the Trafalgar Studios, London in 2012 and The Accidental Lives of Memories at the White Bear Theatre. Harrison's film work includes Keeping Rosy with Maxine Peake, 'Madness in the Method' and Re-Uniting the Rubins with Timothy Spall; he also starred in Her Eyes Met With Mine, a short film by Slightly Ajar Productions. In 2014 he played Alfie in the ITV sitcom Edge of Heaven. Harrison also provided the voice of Scoop in the British and American versions of the 2015 reboot of the British children's TV series Bob the Builder. He played the part of Private Pike in the 2016 film remake of Dad's Army. In 2018 Blake Harrison directed award winning short film 'Hooves of Clay' in which he also starred alongside Rebecca Humphries. Harrison also scored the winning penalty goal in the charitable event Soccer Aid in 2018. Season 8 Episode 2",1
Toyota_S_transmission,"Toyota_S_transmission  2016-08-31T03:54:28Z   Toyota Motor Corporation's S family is a family of cable operated manual transmissions built for small to mid sized front wheel drive vehicles, but also used in mid-engine applications. The S family has received various upgrades and enhancements over its design life. A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. The shift cable levers on the Toyota MR2's S54 are located on the front of the transmission, whereas they're located on the rear of other S-series transmissions. Toyota MR2 Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications:,  Toyota_S_transmission  2017-07-27T15:56:17Z   Toyota Motor Corporation's S family is a family of cable operated manual transmissions built for small to mid sized front wheel drive vehicles, but also used in mid-engine applications. The S family has received various upgrades and enhancements over its design life. A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios Applications: A 5-Speed Manual Transmission. Ratios: Applications:",0
Kelsey Grammer,"Kelsey Grammer  2004-01-10T22:22:46Z  Allen Kelsey Grammer (born February 20, 1955) is an American actor, director, and writer. Grammer, who came to public attention in the classic TV sitcom Cheers, was able to successfully spin off his character Dr. Frasier Crane into a television series in its own right, named Frasier. Grammer has won a number of Emmys and Golden Globes for his work in Frasier. Grammer also provides the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons. In September of 2003, Grammer expressed an interest in running for the U.S. Senate from California during an appearance on Hannity & Colmes. While remaining vague about his particular political beliefs, he said he would likely run as a Republican, though he says he's not conservative. ""I consider myself a centrist, I suppose, but I basically believe in trying to preserve as much opportunity for the individual, as long as that individual chooses to work as hard as he can."" ""I would like to try to rid the country of the idea that it's the rich against the poor."" -- Kelsey Grammer,  Kelsey Grammer  2005-12-27T18:32:28Z  Allen Kelsey Grammer (born February 20, 1955 in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands) is an American actor, director, and writer best known for his 20-year portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on two different sitcoms, Cheers and Frasier. Grammer, who came to public attention in the classic TV sitcom Cheers, was able to successfully spin off his character, Dr. Frasier Crane, into a television series in its own right, named Frasier. Grammer won a number of Emmys and Golden Globes for his work in Frasier. He was the first American actor to ever be nominated for multiple Emmy awards for portraying the same character on three different television shows (Cheers, Frasier, and Wings). His US$1.6 million per episode salary for Frasier was the highest in the history of American television at the time and his 20-year run playing Dr. Frasier Crane ties a record set by James Arness who played Marshall Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975. Grammer has been married three times. His first marriage to dance instructor Doreen Alderman spanned eight years, from 1982 to 1990, and produced one child, a daughter named Spencer. His second marriage, to stripper Leigh-Anne Csuhany, lasted but one year (1992–1993). Since August of 1997, Grammer has been married to Camille Donatacci, a former nude model. They have a son and a daughter together via a surrogate mother. Grammer has one additional daughter, Greer, born in 1992, with hair and makeup stylist Barrie Buckner. Grammer's life has been marked by tragedy and, as a result, occasional depression and substance abuse. In 1968, his father was murdered in the Virgin Islands; in 1975, his sister was raped and murdered after leaving a Red Lobster restaurant in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and in 1980, his twin half-brothers were killed in a shark attack. Bravely putting his personal tragedies behind him, Grammer currently seems to be optimistic and happy with his third wife and child. Grammer's trademark smooth, deep voice makes him popular for voiceover work. He provides the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons, worked as the voice of ""Stinky Pete the Prospector"" in Toy Story 2 and voiced the title character in the short-lived animated series Gary The Rat. He was also the voice of Vlad in the Fox animated movie, Anastasia. He also sang the title theme for Frasier. He also starred in the film ""Down Periscope"" and guest starred in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode ""Cause and Effect"", as the captain of a Starfleet vessel, the U.S.S. Bozeman. His voice style was imitated for the character of Murcuremon in Digimon Frontier. His most recent work is on Fox's The Sketch Show. While he does appear in some sketches, his role is similar to a host, not a comic. He also produces the UPN sitcom Girlfriends. His next roles will be as Dr. Henry McCoy a.k.a. Beast in the third X-Men movie and as the mysterious Marvin in The Fairly OddParents Movie (a role resembling one of Mom's henchmen in Futurama). In September of 2003, Grammer expressed an interest in running for the U.S. Senate from California during an appearance on Hannity & Colmes. While remaining vague about his particular political beliefs, he said he would likely run as a Republican, though he says he's not conservative (which is somewhat ironic as his character Sideshow Bob from The Simpsons is a hardcore Republican). ""I consider myself a centrist, I suppose, but I basically believe in trying to preserve as much opportunity for the individual, as long as that individual chooses to work as hard as he can."" Grammer has appeared on Sean Hannity's syndicated conservative radio program. He was offered a job as a guest. He did not turn it down. Grammer was also a celebrity guest at the first swearing in ceremony of President George W. Bush.",1
John Marquis,"John Marquis  2009-10-20T01:50:13Z  John Edward Marquis (born 16 May 1992) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Millwall. Marquis made his professional debut in September 2009.,  John Marquis  2010-12-23T19:53:16Z  John Edward Marquis (born 16 May 1992) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Millwall. Marquis made his professional debut in September 2009. He scored his first goal for the club, an equalizer in the 94th minute, against Norwich City in a 1–1 draw at The Den.",1
The Wiggles,"The Wiggles  2019-01-14T09:06:46Z  The Wiggles are an Australian children's music group formed in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1991. Since 2012, the group members are Anthony Field, Lachlan Gillespie, Simon Pryce, and Emma Watkins. The original members were Field, Phillip Wilcher, Murray Cook, Greg Page, and Jeff Fatt. Wilcher left the group after their first album. Page retired in 2006 due to ill health and was replaced by understudy Sam Moran, but returned in 2012, replacing Moran. At the end of 2012, Page, Cook, and Fatt retired, and were replaced by Gillespie, Pryce, and Watkins. Cook and Fatt retained their shareholding in the group and all three continued to have input into its creative and production aspects. Field and Fatt were members of the Australian pop band The Cockroaches in the 1980s, and Cook was a member of several bands before meeting Field and Page at Macquarie University, where they were studying to become pre-school teachers. In 1991, Field was inspired to create an album of children's music based upon concepts of early childhood education, and enlisted Cook, Page, and Fatt to assist him. They began touring to promote the album, and became so successful, they quit their teaching jobs to perform full-time. The group augmented their act with animal characters Dorothy the Dinosaur, Henry the Octopus, and Wags the Dog, as well as the character Captain Feathersword, played by Paul Paddick since 1993. They travelled with a small group of dancers, which later grew into a larger troupe. The group's DVDs, CDs, and television programs have been produced independently since their inception. Their high point came in the early 2000s, after they broke into the American market. The group was formally consolidated in 2005. They were listed at the top of Business Review Weekly's top-earning Australian entertainers four years in a row, and earned A$45 million in 2009. In 2011, the worldwide recession hit The Wiggles, as it had done for many Australian entertainers; they earned $28 million, but they still appeared second on BRW's list that year. The Wiggles have enjoyed almost universal approval throughout their history, and their music has been played in pre-schools all over the world. They have earned several Platinum, Double Platinum and Multi-Platinum records, as well as sold 23 million DVDs and 7 million CDs, and have performed, on average, to one million people per year. The group has also earned multiple Australasian Performing Rights Association (APRA) and Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Music Awards. Anthony Field and Jeff Fatt were members of The Cockroaches, a Sydney pop band known for their ""good-time R&B material"" and several singles recorded by independent labels during the 1980s. In 1988, Field's infant niece, who was the daughter of Cockroaches founder and band member Paul Field, died of SIDS, and the group disbanded. Anthony Field enrolled at Macquarie University in Sydney to complete his degree in early childhood education, and later stated that his niece's death ""ultimately led to the formation of Wiggles"". Murray Cook, also ""a mature-aged student"", was the guitarist in the pub rock band Bang Shang a Lang before enrolling at Macquarie. Greg Page, who had been a roadie for and sang with The Cockroaches during their final years, had enrolled in Macquarie to study early childhood education on Field's recommendation. Field, Cook, and Page were among approximately 10 men in a program with 200 students. In 1991, while still a student, Field became motivated to use concepts in the field of early childhood education to record an album of music for children. The album was dedicated to Field's niece. A song he wrote for The Cockroaches, ""Get Ready to Wiggle"", inspired the band's name because they thought that wiggling described the way children dance. Like a university assignment, they produced a folder of essays that explained the educational value of each song on the album. They needed a keyboardist ""to bolster the rock'n'roll feel of the project"", so Field asked his old bandmate Fatt for his assistance in what they thought would be a temporary project. The group received songwriting help from John Field, Anthony's brother and former bandmate, and from Phillip Wilcher, who was working with the early childhood music program at Macquarie. After contributing to their first album, hosting the group's first recording sessions in his Sydney home, and appearing in a couple of the group's first videos, Wilcher left the group and went into classical music. The group reworked a few Cockroaches tunes to better fit the genre of children's music; for example, The Cockroaches song ""Hot Tamale"", written by John Field, was changed to ""Hot Potato"". Anthony Field gave copies of their album to his young students to test out the effect of the group's music on children; one mother returned it the next day because her child would not stop listening to it. To promote their first album, The Wiggles filmed two music videos with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and created a self-produced, forty-minute-long video version. Finances were limited, so there was no post-production editing of the video project. They used Field's nieces and nephews as additional cast, and hired the band's girlfriends to perform in character costumes. Cook's wife made their first costumes. They used two cameras and visually checked the performance of each song; that way, according to Paul Field, it took them less time to complete a forty-minute video than it took other production companies to complete a three-minute music video. The Cockroaches' former manager, Jeremy Fabinyi, became the group's first manager. Using their previous connections, he negotiated with the ABC to air their TV show and to help them promote their first recording. The album cost approximately A$4,000 to produce and it sold 100,000 copies in 1991. Field and Cook got teaching jobs, while Page finished his degree, so they could only perform during school holidays; finding time to do so was, as Field reported, ""challenging"". Fabinyi advised them to tour in unusual settings throughout Sydney and New South Wales. The Wiggles' debut performance was at a friend's daycare facility in Randwick, for about a dozen children. They played for crowds at shopping centres like Westfield in Sydney and at small pre-school events and parties, and busked at Circular Quay, then moved on to regional tours and shows for playgroup associations, averaging about 300 people in the audience. They were promoted by local playgroups or nursing mothers' associations with whom they split their proceeds. They performed at pre-schools with other ABC children's performers; when 500 people attended these concerts just to see The Wiggles, they started doing their own shows, and according to Field, ""Suddenly people started rolling up to performances in astonishing numbers"". In 1993, Field, Cook, and Page decided to give up teaching for a year to focus on performing full-time, along with Fatt, to see if they could make a living out of it. As Fatt reported, ""it was very much a cottage industry"". They used many of the business techniques developed by The Cockroaches, choosing to remain as independent and self-contained as possible. John Field, Mike Conway, who later became The Wiggles' general manager, trumpeter Dominic Lindsay, and Cockroaches saxophonist Daniel Fallon performed with them. Anthony Field, with input from the other members, did most of the production of their music, DVDs, and live shows. Their act was later augmented with supporting characters: the ""friendly pirate"" Captain Feathersword and the animal characters Dorothy the Dinosaur, Henry the Octopus, and Wags the Dog. These characters were initially performed by the band members themselves: Field played Captain Feathersword and Wags; Cook played Dorothy; and Fatt played Henry. In 1993, actor Paul Paddick, who became known as ""the fifth Wiggle"" and was as popular as the bandmembers, permanently joined the group to play Captain Feathersword. At first, the group travelled with a small group of dancers hired from a local dance studio to perform with them. After the production of their second album, The Wiggles, who were called by their first names when they performed, began to wear costumes on stage as Fabinyi suggested and as The Cockroaches had done, and adopted colour-coded shirts: Greg in yellow, Murray in red, Jeff in purple, and Anthony in blue. The coloured shirts also made it easier for their young audience to identify them. As Field reported, the decision to emphasise colour was ""a no-brainer, considering our pre-school-age audience"". Cook and Fatt already owned shirts in their colours, but Field and Page ""met in a Sydney department store and literally raced to see who got the blue shirt"". Another early development used throughout the group's history was their signature finger-wagging move, which was created by Cook after seeing professional bowlers do it on television. They used the move when being photographed with children because it was their policy that touching children, no matter how innocently, was inappropriate. It also protected them from possible litigation; as Paddick has explained, ""There is no doubting where their hands are"". Through the rest of the 1990s, The Wiggles maintained a busy recording and touring schedule, becoming as Field reported and despite his strong dislike of touring, ""the hardest-working touring act in the country"". They released multiple albums and home videos and, depending upon the word of mouth of their audience, performed to increasingly large audiences in Australia and New Zealand despite having to re-introduce themselves to a new audience of children every three years. They produced a new album and video each year and toured to promote them. By late 1993, they ""grew bigger than anyone had thought"", and hundreds attended their concerts; by 1995 they had set records for music and video sales. In 1997, Twentieth Century Fox produced a feature-length film, The Wiggles Movie, which became the fifth-highest grossing Australian film of 1998, earning over a million-and-a-half dollars. In spite of their early success in Australia, Paul Field reported that the band was unable to produce a television program on the ABC, where they felt they would receive the most exposure to the pre-school market. ""Around 1996–1997"", they filmed a television pilot for the ABC, but as The Sydney Morning Herald reported in 2002, ""the project never got off the ground due to irreconcilable artistic differences"". As a result, The Wiggles financed a TV program of 13 episodes themselves and sold it to the Disney Channel in Australia and to Channel Seven, where it became a hit. By 1998, The Wiggles were ready to move on to international markets, despite its members' health issues, especially Field's. The reaction of producers in the UK was less positive than the group would have liked, although they were eventually able to make inroads there, but their real success came in the US. Disney arranged for them to perform at Disneyland in California, where they were discovered by Lyrick Studios, the producers of Barney & Friends. Both Anthony and Paul Field reported that Lyrick, despite their initial misgivings about whether American audiences would accept the band's Australian accents, came to understand The Wiggles and their goals, and after successful tests with American children, enthusiastically promoted them. The Wiggles used many of the same promotion techniques in the US that they had used in Australia, and chose to keep their concerts simple and maintain the same values that were successful in Australia. The Wiggles performed during the intermission of Barney Live stage shows, which The New York Times likened to ""getting the warm-up slot for the Stones"" in the pre-school entertainment world. In 2000, when video sales took off in the US, Lyrick began to distribute Wiggles videos and advertised them by including Wiggles shorts as trailers in their Barney videos, which, as Anthony Field stated, ""pushed us over the edge"". At first, the group's videos were distributed in boutique stores such as FAO Schwarz and Zany Brainy, and on-line. According to Paul Field, they entered the mass media market when their videos became top-sellers at Amazon.com, and their first two videos, Yummy Yummy and Wiggle Time, landed in the top ten at Amazon.com. Stores such as Wal-Mart began to take notice, and began to sell Wiggles videos. The band released nine DVDs in the next three years to keep up with the demand. As they had done in Australia, The Wiggles chose to tour, but start off small, with simple props and sets instead of hiring a touring company. Some of their first appearances in America were at Blockbuster Video parking lots to small audiences—as Fatt said, ""a dozen people"". They performed at small venues such as church halls and 500-seat theatres in Brooklyn and New Jersey, and upgraded to larger venues as ticket sales increased. Anthony Field reported that one week they would perform to 8,000 in Sydney and to 20 people the following week at a parking lot in a small town in the US. One time, they performed for a dozen people at the Mall of America in Minnesota, but half of the audience were hired by Lyrick. Eventually, they moved to larger arenas such as the Beacon Theatre and Madison Square Garden. They performed at SeaWorld in Orlando, Florida, for six weeks. Their audiences began to increase, and they toured Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, the US, and the UK. The Wiggles' popularity in the US increased ""in the shell-shocked weeks after the terrorist attacks on New York City in 2001"", when the group performed there, even when other acts cancelled their tours, a decision that earned them loyalty and respect. According to Cook, the press proclaimed that they were braver than many Australian sports teams that had cancelled their appearances. Paul Field stated, ""New York has really embraced them. It was a kind of watershed."" Strong sales of The Wiggles videos eventually caught the attention of the Disney Channel in the US, who was impressed by their ""strong pro-social message"". In January 2002, Disney began showing Wiggles video clips between their programs. By June of that year, the popularity of the clips prompted the Disney Channel to add both seasons of ""The Wiggles"" series to their schedule and showed full episodes multiple times per day. Field reported that despite their ""modest production values"", the shows were popular with pre-schoolers. Beginning in 2002, The Wiggles filmed four seasons' worth of shows exclusively with the ABC. The network called them ""the most successful property that the ABC has represented in the pre-school genre"". By the end of 2002, according to Field, ""we knew we were involved in something extraordinary in the US"". Their concert schedule in North America doubled, seemingly overnight; they began performing up to 520 shows per year all over the world. They also began to produce other stage shows in places The Wiggles themselves were unable to visit, in Australia, the UK, and US, that featured their characters, a host, and a few dancers. The Age called this time period (about the mid-2000s) the group's ""high point""; they earned A$45 million a year in revenues, and had several licensing deals and an international distribution agreement with Disney. Despite their success, founding member Anthony Field almost left the group in 2004, shortly after his marriage and the birth of his first child, due to his serious medical issues, which were worsened by The Wiggles' demanding tour schedule. After meeting chiropractor James Stoxen in Chicago, Field improved his health to the point that he was able to continue. He began to hire teams of chiropractors for himself, his fellow bandmembers, and castmembers in every city they performed, which he credited with making it possible for them to fulfill their touring requirements. In December 2005, lead singer and founding member Page, at age 33, underwent a double hernia operation. He withdrew from The Wiggles' US tour in August 2006, after suffering fainting spells, lethargy, nausea, and loss of balance. He returned to Australia, where doctors diagnosed his condition as orthostatic intolerance, a chronic but not life-threatening condition. Page's final performance with The Wiggles was in Kingston, Rhode Island. On 30 November 2006, the Wiggles announced Page's retirement from the group. ""I'll miss being a part of The Wiggles very much, but this is the right decision because it will allow me to focus on managing my health"", Page said in a video message, which The Sydney Morning Herald called ""unsettling"", posted on the group's web page. Page was replaced by Sam Moran, who had served as an understudy for The Wiggles for five years and had already stood in for Page for 150 shows. Initially, The Wiggles struggled over their decision to replace Page, but after their audience's positive response to Moran, they decided to continue as a group because they thought that was what their young audience would want. According to Fatt, who called it ""a huge decision"" and ""a teachable moment"" for them, they chose to be honest with their young audience as they made the transition from Page to Moran. As part owner of The Wiggles, Page received a payout of about $20 million. Although Moran's transition as The Wiggles' lead singer was ""smooth"" for the young children of their audience, it was more difficult for their parents. Moran said that ""most children understood"". Field reported that by the group's 20th anniversary in 2011, due to the ever-changing nature of their audience, most of their young fans were unfamiliar with Page. Cook stated that Moran's transition was challenging for the group because since he replaced their lead singer, it changed their sound. Fatt characterised Moran's singing style as more operatic, so they chose different keys to sing and perform. The Wiggles never publicly disclosed how much Moran was paid, but it was reported that he earned $200,000 per year. Moran was featured in his first DVD and CD as a member of the group in early 2008, and a sixth season of The Wiggles' television series featuring Moran was filmed and began airing in Australia. At the end of 2007, The Wiggles donated their complete back catalogue of 27 master tapes to Australia's National Film and Sound Archive. Their business ventures during these years included opening up ""Wiggles World"" sections in theme parks in North America and the Arab World, internet offerings, the creation of new television shows, and a five-year-long partnership with the digital cable channel Sprout in 2009. In December 2010, Cinemalive beamed a Wiggles concert live from Acer Arena into movie theatres all over Australia, for children and their families unable to attend their shows. In early July 2011, founding member Fatt developed arrhythmia and underwent ""urgent but routine"" heart surgery, when he was fitted with a pacemaker after feeling unwell for several weeks and blacking out. He missed the group's US tour as a result, after not missing a show in 20 years. Also in mid-2011, The Wiggles celebrated their 20th anniversary with circus-themed shows and performances throughout Australia and the outback in a circus tent, as well as a ""physically grueling"" birthday-themed tour of 90 shows throughout Australia, which Paul Field called ""one of the biggest of their careers"". Sydney's Powerhouse Museum commemorated the group's anniversary with an exhibit that displayed Wiggles memorabilia. In 2011, the worldwide financial crisis hit the group, and they recorded their first drop in revenues in 10 years, at approximately $2.5 million, a total decrease of 28 percent. Royalties partially offset the difference between their 2010 and 2011 revenues. Their managing director Mike Conway called 2011 their toughest year financially. For the first time, they had negative equity, with more liabilities than assets, and the owners had to provide the funds for them to continue operations. Conway stated that their losses were due to less touring time in the US, difficulties in placing their DVDs in Walmart, and their required investment in a new digital platform. In January 2012, and amidst a great deal of controversy, The Wiggles announced that Page had regained his health and was returning to The Wiggles. He returned as an employee ""exactly on the same level as Sam"", rather than a co-owner, having relinquished his business interest in the group after he left in 2006. According to The Sydney Morning Herald, interest in Page's return was sparked when they met during the group's induction in the ARIA Hall of Fame in November 2011. After it was decided that Moran would no longer continue on as the Yellow Wiggle, the group asked Page to return, only until August 2012, ""to help transition from Sam to a new Yellow Wiggle."" Business Review Weekly reported that the presentation of Moran's departure had been mishandled and had potentially damaged their brand image. Paul Field agreed, stating that they ""could have handled the communication and management of the transition better"". Cook later admitted that they were shocked by the backlash in the press and among the parents of their audience. As part of his severance package, Moran continued to collect song royalties and was granted use of The Wiggles' studios. In mid-2012, The Wiggles announced that Page, Fatt, and Cook would be retiring from touring with the group; Emma Watkins, the first female member of The Wiggles, replaced Page, Lachlan Gillespie replaced Fatt, and Simon Pryce, who was initially supposed to replace Page in August, replaced Cook. Anthony Field remained in the group because he found it too difficult to give up and because he still had a passion for educating children. According to Paul Field, his brother staying in the band ""was a vital decision to placate American, British and Canadian business partners"". Page, Fatt, and Cook remained involved with the creative and production aspects of the group. Fatt and Cook had been talking about quitting touring for many years; Cook announced his intention to retire first, citing a desire to spend more time with his family, and then Fatt announced his own retirement shortly thereafter. Page, who was still struggling with his health issues and had stated that his interest was in working with the group's original line-up, was subsequently asked to extend his stay until the end of the year so he would leave alongside Cook and Fatt, to which he agreed. Cook reported that the original members were confident that the new group would be accepted by the fans because they passed on their founding concepts of early childhood education to Watkins, Gillespie, and Pryce. The new members, like Moran, who was not approached to return, were salaried employees. The group, for their farewell tour, visited 8 countries and 141 cities, for a total of almost 250 shows in over 200 days for 640,000 people. Watkins, Gillespie, and Pryce wore ""In Training"" T-shirts, and debuted the song ""Do the Propeller!"" during these concerts. The final televised performance of the original band members, along with the new members, was on 22 December 2012, during the annual Carols in the Domain in Sydney. Their final performance, after over 7000 shows over the years, was on 23 December at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. Also by 2012, The Wiggles performed to audiences whose parents attended their shows in their early years, and they were hiring performers who were part of their audience as young children. The Wiggles began airing a show on Sirius XM satellite radio in late 2012, featuring the original members and their replacements, and stories and games for young listeners. In December, the group auctioned their famous ""Big Red Car"" (called the ""iconic Volkswagen Beetle Cabriolet"") for charity for almost A$36,000 on the auction site eBay. The money was donated to the Melbourne-based charity SIDS and Kids. The new iteration of The Wiggles, with Field and its new members, began touring in early 2013. Cook became the group's road manager in mid-2013. Pryce reported that since The Wiggles' audience changed every few years, the transition to the new group was easier for their young audience than it was for their parents. One of their challenges, especially for their early tours, was learning The Wiggles' catalogue of 1400 songs. In early 2016, Pryce described The Wiggles' competitive culture of fitness, especially among the male cast, by citing the group's grueling performance schedule, saying, ""Sometimes it feels like it's an extreme sport"". After a seven-year absence from Australian television, they filmed a new show, called Ready, Steady, Wiggle, filmed in their spare time at their studio in Sydney between tours and on the road. Watkins, who had a film-making degree, played an important role in its production. The series was picked up by the on-line streaming service Hulu in 2015. Anthony Field admitted that they found it ""hard going"" until they returned to television. Merchandise featuring the original group outsold the new group's products, and they failed to sell-out their concerts. By 2015, Paul Field called the new group ""an amazing success"". By that time, they had produced 8 CDs and DVDs, and 3 new television series. Field reported that the new group went through the same process as the original group in terms of audience acceptance and ""benchmarks of success"". They performed to sell-out audiences throughout Australia, had high sales of their DVDs and CDs, and won an ARIA in 2014. According to Kathy McCabe of News Corp Australia, it took 18 months for the new group to be accepted by their audience. McCabe credited their success to Watkins, who became the group's stand-out member. According to Field, an American journalist called her young fans, who came to concerts dressed in yellow and wearing bows like her, the ""mini Emma army"". She was so popular, she starred in her own TV show, called ""Emma"", without the other Wiggles, in 2015. Field called her ""an aspirational role model"" for their young audience and reported that she had increased their fan base of girls. Field stated that the audience emulated her fashion choices, opening up new merchandising possibilities for the group. In 2014, The Wiggles doubled their ticket sales from the year before and played in sold-out venues all over Australia and the world for 250,000 fans. Hyde Park in Sydney had to be closed on Australia Day because fans filled it to see the group perform. They continued to sell-out concerts throughout 2015. Also in 2015, the group produced their DVD, Rock and Roll Preschool, featuring musician David Campbell, and it was announced that The Wiggles would produce their second feature film; comedian Ben Elton was slated to write the script and co-write the soundtrack. In early 2015, Gillespie and Watkins revealed that they had been dating for two years; they announced their engagement in May 2015. They were married on 9 April 2016 at Hopewood House in Bowral in New South Wales, Australia. In August 2018, Gillespie and Watkins announced their separation. The Wiggles celebrated their 25th anniversary with a performance by the new members, published as a free podcast on iTunes, in front of the Apple Store in Sydney in January 2016. In February, the original group members were to perform a charity concert for their fans over the age of 18, who were part of their first audiences, at the Dee Why RSL club in Sydney. A new television series, called Wiggle Wiggle Wiggle, premiered in Canada in September 2017. Current members Former members The Wiggles have written new music each year since their inception; they sequestered themselves for a month each summer and wrote three albums' worth of original children's music based on simple concepts familiar to young children, and using several genres of music and types of instruments. Most of their songs were short and started with the chorus because they felt that young children needed to be presented with a song's topic in their first few lines. They wrote songs individually at first, but eventually wrote as a group, often with John Field, trumpet player Dominic Lindsay, and Paddick. Fatt, the only member of the original group without a degree in early childhood education, tended to focus on composing music. Fatt told reporter Brian McElhiney, who called the group's songwriting process ""a collaborate affair"", that they wrote repetitive pop songs or jingles, which were appealing to children. Watkins reported that she was invited to write songs for their albums, even though she was primarily a dancer. John Fogerty of Creedence Clearwater Revival, who appeared in a Wiggles video in 2002, told The New York Times that he was ""very impressed"" with the group's songwriting, especially with their drum sound. According to Field, the transition from writing music for an adult rock band to writing children's music was not a big one for The Wiggles. ""The Wiggles music isn't all that far removed from what we did in The Cockroaches, just a different subject matter"", Field stated. ""The Cockroaches sing about girls and love and stuff like that; The Wiggles sing about hot potatoes and cold spaghetti."" Moran stated that The Wiggles wrote songs they liked and would listen to, and then made them appropriate for children. They approached simple and relocatable topics, such as food and nutrition, as teachers would in a pre-school setting, with simple melodies that were easy for children to sing and remember. The group sang the same 60s-style pop as The Cockroaches, but with different lyrics, although they were not confined to songs about love and could write about anything that interested and excited young children, which was limitless. The music they chose to write and perform was influenced by nursery rhymes, folk music, and rock songs of the 1950s and 1960s. Page reported, ""First and foremost, we're entertainers"". The Wiggles captured the interest of children by first entertaining them, and then by presenting them with educational messages. The group wrote and performed children's music that was different from what had been done previously; as Cook stated, ""we didn't just go down the route of what people think is kids' music"". They were not tied to one style or genre of music and often experimented in the studio; while some of their recordings were orchestral, others had a more live feel. The group was aware that their songs were often children's first exposure to music. Guitar Magazine speculated that since Cook was one of the first guitarists children were exposed to, he may be the most influential guitarist in the world. Cook was conscious that he was probably the first guitarist children would see, and said, ""I always think that if it inspires kids to play guitar later on that would be great. I think it would be really nice if in 15 years I read that somebody got into guitar playing because of Wiggles"". In 2013, after Cook retired from touring with the group and became their touring manager, he reported that newer bands like Regular John approached him and said that The Wiggles were the first band ""they got into"". ""Where was the fun? Where were the references to the simple things that are so dominant in a child's life? Favourite books, colours, dancing, playing, nap time. And what's wrong with kids getting up and grooving; squealing, screaming, and laughing through a performance? I wanted to explore alternate ways to write and perform for young children, to ensure the music was for them, not just the musician. Nothing complicated, snide, or condescending."" —Anthony Field, speaking about the state of children's music in the early 1990s, 2012The Wiggles' songwriting and performances were rooted in their professional training as pre-school teachers and in the concepts of early childhood education. Anthony Field reported, as he studied music for young children at university, being ""shocked ... at the non-inclusive way music for children was usually performed"". According to Field, children had to sit silently as musicians played ""traditional songs often featuring negative or outdated lyrics and dealing with subject matter of no interest to small children"". The lack of songs with themes and topics that interested children inspired Field to record The Wiggles' first album. The group's ""golden rule"", according to Field, was to make the content of their songs and shows ""developmentally appropriate and fun"". Their music, stage shows, and television and DVD productions were developed, as The New York Times reported, ""from the premise that a young child has a short attention span, is curious about a limited number of objects and activities, loves having a job to do and is thrilled by mastering basic movements"". They also respected their audience's intelligence and insight about entertainment, information, and honesty. As Field said, ""Young children identify with relevant concepts, and enjoy being entertained and being part of the entertainment. They are willing to commit to interacting if you are direct, inclusive, and positive"". The group understood that challenging young children to engage in difficult tasks is more effective than simply telling them to do it. They believed that young children were egocentric, so they stared continually into the camera in their videos and TV shows, and explained every action because they believed that young children needed to be told what to expect so that they do not feel left out and in order to feel safe. ""We have a license to be silly, and a lot of what we do is about joy."" —Murray Cook, 2010The Wiggles' stage shows were full of action and audience participation. By the group's ""New Wiggles"" iteration, The Sydney Morning Herald called their shows slick and fast-paced, with inside jokes for the adult members of their audience. The bandmembers tended to wander throughout the audience, ""thrilling toddlers and smartphone wielding guardians alike"". Pryce, as an experienced stage performer, was conscious that their shows were the first live theater young children experienced; as a result, the group adapted the content of their shows to accommodate their audience's development and understanding. Paddick's role as Captain Feathersword became more important in the mid-1990s, especially in the group's stage shows, when he was able to incorporate his circus and opera training, as well as impersonations that were popular with their audience's parents. They believed in empowering children by practices such as greeting their audience members with ""Hello, everyone"", instead of ""Hello, boys and girls"" because as Paul Field has explained, the second greeting ""unnecessarily separates children and has undertones of condescension"". Kathleen Warren, the group's former professor at Macquarie University, believed that the group's practice of asking their audience to ""Wake Up Jeff"" when Fatt pretended to fall asleep was ""very much in keeping with the way they work with children"". Warren stated that asking children to interrupt Fatt's slumber helped them build confidence and to feel more in control of their lives. Fatt was the only original member of The Wiggles without a background in early childhood education; he explained that was the reason falling asleep was chosen as his gimmick and that ""it was a way of getting me involved in the shows without actually having to do anything"". Paul Field reported that children in The Wiggles' audience felt ""great excitement"" and were disappointed if not given the opportunity to help Jeff in this way. Anthony Field, who called it ""a simple audience participation and interaction gag we've done since the start of the group"", claimed that it endeared Fatt to their audiences. The group's members took turns falling asleep in the early days of the group, but it became Fatt's gimmick because ""it was a perfect fit"". When Fatt retired, Gillespie took over the task of falling asleep. Simple movements were developed by their choreographers, including Leeanne Ashley, to accompany each song because, as The New York Times reported, they believed ""in the power of basic movements to enchant young children"". According to reporter Anders Wright, they intentionally made mistakes in their dance moves in order to identify more with their young audience. The group incorporated more dancing into their performances after the birth of Field's oldest daughter in 2004. ""So Wiggles have kind of become a bit more, dare I say, girly. Dorothy (the Dinosaur) does ballet now and we dance as well a lot more than we did"", Field reported. In later years, corresponding with Field's developing interests in acrobatics and gymnastics, they added these elements to their stage shows, including, as Field reported, hiring several world-class athletes such as former trampoline champion Karl Shore. Watkins, whom Paul Field called ""a dancer of many disciplines"", was initially hired as a member of their troupe and referred to herself as ""mainly a dancer"". Between 1999 and 2003, to test the group's appeal across cultures, Warren used one of The Wiggles' CDs as an educational tool in a village near Madang, on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. She found that the Madangese children were able to relate to the group's songs, and that they were able to sing along and participate in their simple choreography. Although The Wiggles' recorded and performed songs, dances, and musical styles from different cultures and languages, The Wiggles did not find that adapting their music to non-Australian cultures was necessary to reach children in other countries. As Cook stated, ""... Toddlers don't have the same hang ups as adults"". The Wiggles recognised that as long as they spoke at the same level as their audience, their Australian accents would not matter, and that young children were able to adapt to a variety of contexts and to different pronunciations of common words, no matter where they resided. Despite Anthony Field's expressed dislike of the term, preferring to refer to it as ""preserving the good name of The Wiggles"", the group has stressed the importance of their brand and were protective of it. They remained as independent as possible, and retained full creative control and ownership of every aspect of their business. As Field stated, The Wiggles Pty Ltd was ""not your regular 'corporate culture'"". They made decisions by consensus and made business decisions based upon their experience as performers and their knowledge of early childhood education. They made careful decisions regarding their endorsements of toys and other products, and avoided over-extending their brand by only licensing products that correlated with their image. They had high expectations regarding the behaviour and attitude of everyone associated with the group. The Wiggles became formally consolidated in 2005. The group's board of directors consisted of the original three members, Paul Field, who has been general manager of operations since the group was formed and their manager since the mid-1990s, and Mike Conway, who had worked for Ernst & Young in England and become their general manager in 2001. In 2009, the Australian rock band AC/DC knocked The Wiggles, who earned A$45 million, from the top of Business Review Weekly's (BRW) list of top entertainment earners for the first time in four years. In 2011, the worldwide recession hit The Wiggles, as it had done for many Australian entertainers; they earned A$28 million, but they still appeared second on the BRW's list that year. By 2012, founding members Anthony Field, Cook, and Fatt retained 30% ownership of their brand, and Paul Field and Conway each owned 5%. It was reported that as part owner of The Wiggles, Page was given a A$20 million payout when he left the group in 2006. Other ventures of The Wiggles Pty Ltd included franchising their concept to South America, Taiwan, and other countries, opening ""Wiggles World"" sections in theme parks, and online offerings. The Wiggles enjoyed ""almost universal approval"" throughout their history. Their songs were sung and played in pre-schools all around the world. Between 2000 and 2010, The Wiggles earned 21 Gold records. According to a 2012 news release published to announce the retirement of Cook, Fatt, and Page, they earned several Platinum, Double Platinum and Multi-Platinum records, as well as sold 23 million DVDs and 7 million CDs. They performed, on average, to one million people per year. After 2003, front-row tickets to their sold-out concerts in the US were scalped for US$500. The group responded by reducing the number of seats sold per transaction, in order to keep prices down and avoid further tickets scalping. In 2008, the group found themselves in the midst of what The Daily Telegraph called a ""ticketing scandal""; scalpers tried to sell a A$19 ticket on eBay for almost A$2,000 and a set of three tickets for A$315 for concerts in Melbourne, and a group of three tickets to a Wiggles UNICEF charity concert in Sydney had a price tag of A$510. The tickets were taken off eBay and voided. In what Paul Field called ""one of the highlights of their 15 years of being together"", The Wiggles were awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Australian Catholic University in 2006. Cook gave an address during the private ceremony honouring them. They were awarded another honorary doctoral degree in 2009 from their alma mater, Macquarie University. The group was named UNICEF goodwill ambassadors in 2008; they held a special concert to raise money for the organisation. In 2010, the four original members of The Wiggles were appointed Members of the Order of Australia for their service to the arts in Australia, especially children's entertainment, and for their contributions and support of several charities. They called the honour their ""biggest recognition yet"". The group has always invited children with special needs and their families to pre-concert ""meet and greet"" sessions. According to Fatt, many parents of these children have reported that The Wiggles' music has enhanced their lives, and that children with autism ""respond to Wiggles and nothing else"". The Wiggles, throughout their history, have visited and performed for patients at the Sydney Children's Hospital every Christmas morning. In 2011, ABC Music released an album titled Rewiggled: A Tribute to The Wiggles to celebrate the group's 20th anniversary. The album features covers of many favourite Wiggles songs performed by notable Australian music artists. The APRA Music Awards are award ceremonies that recognise songwriting skills, sales, and airplay performance by its members annually. The Wiggles have won five APRAs and was nominated for another. In 2007, the group's members, along with John Field, were awarded APRA's International Achievement Award. The Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards is an annual series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry, put on by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The Wiggles have been nominated for Best Children's Album 24 times, and have won the award 14 times. In 2003, the group was awarded ARIA's Award for Outstanding Achievement, and in 2011, they were inducted into ARIA's Hall of Fame. Studio albums,  The Wiggles  2020-12-23T16:53:23Z  The Wiggles are an Australian children's music group formed in Sydney, New South Wales in 1991. Since 2013, the group members are Anthony Field, Lachlan Gillespie, Simon Pryce, and Emma Watkins. The original members were Field, Phillip Wilcher, Murray Cook, Greg Page, and Jeff Fatt. Wilcher left the group after their first album. Page retired in 2006 due to ill health and was replaced by understudy Sam Moran, but returned in 2012, replacing Moran. At the end of 2012, Page, Cook, and Fatt retired, and were replaced by Gillespie, Pryce, and Watkins. Cook and Fatt retained their shareholding in the group and all three continued to have input into its creative and production aspects. Field and Fatt were members of the Australian pop band the Cockroaches in the 1980s, and Cook was a member of several bands before meeting Field and Page at Macquarie University, where they were studying to become pre-school teachers. In 1991, Field was inspired to create an album of children's music based upon concepts of early childhood education, and enlisted Cook, Page, and Fatt to assist him. They began touring to promote the album, and became so successful, they quit their teaching jobs to perform full-time. The group augmented their act with animal characters Dorothy the Dinosaur, Henry the Octopus, and Wags the Dog, as well as the character Captain Feathersword, played by Paul Paddick since 1993. They travelled with a small group of dancers, which later grew into a larger troupe. The group's DVDs, CDs, and television programs have been produced independently since their inception. Their high point came in the early 2000s, after they broke into the American market. The group was formally consolidated in 2005. They were listed at the top of Business Review Weekly's top-earning Australian entertainers four years in a row, and earned A$45 million in 2009. In 2011, the worldwide recession hit the Wiggles, as it had done for many Australian entertainers; they earned $28 million, but they still appeared second on BRW's list that year. The Wiggles have enjoyed almost universal approval throughout their history, and their music has been played in pre-schools all over the world. They have earned several Platinum, Double Platinum and Multi-Platinum records, as well as sold 23 million DVDs and 7 million CDs, and have performed, on average, to one million people per year. The group has also earned multiple Australasian Performing Rights Association (APRA) and Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Music Awards. Anthony Field and Jeff Fatt were members of the Cockroaches, a Sydney pop band known for their ""good-time R&B material"" and several singles recorded by independent labels during the 1980s. In 1988, Field's infant niece, who was the daughter of Cockroaches founder and band member Paul Field, died of SIDS, and the group disbanded. Anthony Field enrolled at Macquarie University in Sydney to complete his degree in early childhood education, and later stated that his niece's death ""ultimately led to the formation of Wiggles"". Murray Cook, also ""a mature-aged student"", was the guitarist in the pub rock band Bang Shang a Lang before enrolling at Macquarie. Greg Page, who had been a roadie for and sang with the Cockroaches during their final years, had enrolled in Macquarie to study early childhood education on Field's recommendation. Field, Cook, and Page were among approximately 10 men in a program with 200 students. In 1991, while still a student, Field became motivated to use concepts in the field of early childhood education to record an album of music for children. The album was dedicated to Field's niece. A song he wrote for the Cockroaches, ""Get Ready to Wiggle"", inspired the band's name because they thought that wiggling described the way children dance. Like a university assignment, they produced a folder of essays that explained the educational value of each song on the album. They needed a keyboardist ""to bolster the rock'n'roll feel of the project"", so Field asked his old bandmate Fatt for his assistance in what they thought would be a temporary project. The group received songwriting help from John Field, Anthony's brother and former bandmate, and from Phillip Wilcher, who was working with the early childhood music program at Macquarie. After contributing to their first album, hosting the group's first recording sessions in his Sydney home, and appearing in a couple of the group's first videos, Wilcher left the group and went into classical music. The group reworked a few Cockroaches tunes to better fit the genre of children's music; for example, the Cockroaches song ""Hot Tamale"", written by John Field, was changed to ""Hot Potato"". Anthony Field gave copies of their album to his young students to test out the effect of the group's music on children; one mother returned it the next day because her child would not stop listening to it. To promote their first album, the Wiggles filmed two music videos with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and created a self-produced, forty-minute-long video version. Finances were limited, so there was no post-production editing of the video project. They used Field's nieces and nephews as additional cast, and hired the band's girlfriends to perform in character costumes. Cook's wife made their first costumes. They used two cameras and visually checked the performance of each song; that way, according to Paul Field, it took them less time to complete a forty-minute video than it took other production companies to complete a three-minute music video. The Cockroaches' former manager, Jeremy Fabinyi, became the group's first manager. Using their previous connections, he negotiated with the ABC to air their TV show and to help them promote their first recording. The album cost approximately A$4,000 to produce and it sold 100,000 copies in 1991. Field and Cook got teaching jobs, while Page finished his degree, so they could only perform during school holidays; finding time to do so was, as Field reported, ""challenging"". Fabinyi advised them to tour in unusual settings throughout Sydney and New South Wales. The Wiggles' debut performance was at a friend's daycare facility in Randwick, for about a dozen children. They played for crowds at shopping centres like Westfield in Sydney and at small pre-school events and parties, and busked at Circular Quay, then moved on to regional tours and shows for playgroup associations, averaging about 300 people in the audience. They were promoted by local playgroups or nursing mothers' associations with whom they split their proceeds. They performed at pre-schools with other ABC children's performers; when 500 people attended these concerts just to see the Wiggles, they started doing their own shows, and according to Field, ""Suddenly people started rolling up to performances in astonishing numbers"". In 1993, Field, Cook, and Page decided to give up teaching for a year to focus on performing full-time, along with Fatt, to see if they could make a living out of it. As Fatt reported, ""it was very much a cottage industry"". They used many of the business techniques developed by the Cockroaches, choosing to remain as independent and self-contained as possible. John Field, Mike Conway, who later became the Wiggles' general manager, trumpeter Dominic Lindsay, and Cockroaches saxophonist Daniel Fallon performed with them. Anthony Field, with input from the other members, did most of the production of their music, DVDs, and live shows. Their act was later augmented with supporting characters: the ""friendly pirate"" Captain Feathersword and the animal characters Dorothy the Dinosaur, Henry the Octopus, and Wags the Dog. These characters were initially performed by the band members themselves: Field played Captain Feathersword and Wags; Cook played Dorothy; and Fatt played Henry. In 1993, actor Paul Paddick, who became known as ""the fifth Wiggle"" and was as popular as the bandmembers, permanently joined the group to play Captain Feathersword. At first, the group travelled with a small group of dancers hired from a local dance studio to perform with them. After the production of their second album, the Wiggles, who were called by their first names when they performed, began to wear costumes on stage as Fabinyi suggested and as the Cockroaches had done, and adopted colour-coded shirts: Greg in yellow, Murray in red, Jeff in purple, and Anthony in blue. The coloured shirts also made it easier for their young audience to identify them. As Field reported, the decision to emphasise colour was ""a no-brainer, considering our pre-school-age audience"". Cook (red) and Fatt (purple) already owned shirts in their colours, but Field (blue) and Page (yellow) ""met in a Sydney department store and literally raced to see who got the blue shirt"". Through the rest of the 1990s, the Wiggles maintained a busy recording and touring schedule, becoming as Field reported and despite his strong dislike of touring, ""the hardest-working touring act in the country"". They released multiple albums and home videos and, depending upon the word of mouth of their audience, performed to increasingly large audiences in Australia and New Zealand despite having to re-introduce themselves to a new audience of children every three years. They produced a new album and video each year and toured to promote them. By late 1993, they ""grew bigger than anyone had thought"", and hundreds attended their concerts; by 1995 they had set records for music and video sales. In 1997, Twentieth Century Fox produced a feature-length film, The Wiggles Movie, which became the fifth-highest grossing Australian film of 1998, earning over a million-and-a-half dollars. In spite of their early success in Australia, Paul Field reported that the band was unable to produce a television program on the ABC, where they felt they would receive the most exposure to the pre-school market. ""Around 1996–1997"", they filmed a television pilot for the ABC, but as The Sydney Morning Herald reported in 2002, ""the project never got off the ground due to irreconcilable artistic differences"". As a result, the Wiggles financed a TV program of 13 episodes themselves and sold it to the Disney Channel in Australia and to Channel Seven, where it became a hit. By 1998, the Wiggles were ready to move on to international markets, despite its members' health issues, especially Field's. The reaction of producers in the UK was less positive than the group would have liked, although they were eventually able to make inroads there, but their real success came in the US. Disney arranged for them to perform at Disneyland in California, where they were discovered by Lyrick Studios, the producers of Barney & Friends. Both Anthony and Paul Field reported that Lyrick, despite their initial misgivings about whether American audiences would accept the band's Australian accents, came to understand the Wiggles and their goals, and after successful tests with American children, enthusiastically promoted them. The Wiggles used many of the same promotion techniques in the US that they had used in Australia, and chose to keep their concerts simple and maintain the same values that were successful in Australia. The Wiggles performed during the intermission of Barney Live stage shows, which The New York Times likened to ""getting the warm-up slot for the Stones"" in the pre-school entertainment world. In 2000, when video sales took off in the US, Lyrick began to distribute Wiggles videos and advertised them by including Wiggles shorts as trailers in their Barney videos, which, as Anthony Field stated, ""pushed us over the edge"". At first, the group's videos were distributed in boutique stores such as FAO Schwarz and Zany Brainy, and on-line. According to Paul Field, they entered the mass media market when their videos became top-sellers at Amazon.com, and their first two videos, Yummy Yummy and Wiggle Time, landed in the top ten at Amazon.com. Stores such as Wal-Mart began to take notice, and began to sell Wiggles videos. The band released nine DVDs in the next three years to keep up with the demand. As they had done in Australia, the Wiggles chose to tour, but start off small, with simple props and sets instead of hiring a touring company. Some of their first appearances in America were at Blockbuster Video parking lots to small audiences—as Fatt said, ""a dozen people"". They performed at small venues such as church halls and 500-seat theatres in Brooklyn and New Jersey, and upgraded to larger venues as ticket sales increased. Anthony Field reported that one week they would perform to 8,000 in Sydney and to 20 people the following week at a parking lot in a small town in the US. One time, they performed for a dozen people at the Mall of America in Minnesota, but half of the audience were hired by Lyrick. Eventually, they moved to larger arenas such as the Beacon Theatre and Madison Square Garden. They performed at SeaWorld in Orlando, Florida, for six weeks. Their audiences began to increase, and they toured Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, the US, and the UK. The Wiggles' popularity in the US increased ""in the shell-shocked weeks after the terrorist attacks on New York City in 2001"", when the group performed there, even when other acts cancelled their tours, a decision that earned them loyalty and respect. According to Cook, the press proclaimed that they were braver than many Australian sports teams that had cancelled their appearances. Paul Field stated, ""New York has really embraced them. It was a kind of watershed."" Strong sales of the Wiggles videos eventually caught the attention of the Disney Channel in the US, who was impressed by their ""strong pro-social message"". In January 2002, Disney began showing Wiggles video clips between their programs. By June of that year, the popularity of the clips prompted the Disney Channel to add both seasons of ""The Wiggles"" series to their schedule and showed full episodes multiple times per day. Field reported that despite their ""modest production values"", the shows were popular with pre-schoolers. Beginning in 2002, the Wiggles filmed four seasons' worth of shows exclusively with the ABC. The network called them ""the most successful property that the ABC has represented in the pre-school genre"". By the end of 2002, according to Field, ""we knew we were involved in something extraordinary in the US"". Their concert schedule in North America doubled, seemingly overnight; they began performing up to 520 shows per year all over the world. They also began to produce other stage shows in places the Wiggles themselves were unable to visit, in Australia, the UK, and US, that featured their characters, a host, and a few dancers. The Age called this time period (about the mid-2000s) the group's ""high point""; they earned A$45 million a year in revenues, and had several licensing deals and an international distribution agreement with Disney. Despite their success, founding member Anthony Field almost left the group in 2004, shortly after his marriage and the birth of his first child, due to his serious medical issues, which were worsened by the Wiggles' demanding tour schedule. After meeting chiropractor James Stoxen in Chicago, Field improved his health to the point that he was able to continue. He began to hire teams of chiropractors for himself, his fellow bandmembers, and cast members in every city they performed, which he credited with making it possible for them to fulfill their touring requirements. In December 2005, lead singer and founding member Page, at age 33, underwent a double hernia operation. He withdrew from the Wiggles' US tour in August 2006, after suffering fainting spells, lethargy, nausea, and loss of balance. He returned to Australia, where doctors diagnosed his condition as orthostatic intolerance, a chronic but not life-threatening condition. Page's final performance with the Wiggles was in Kingston, Rhode Island. On 30 November 2006, the Wiggles announced Page's retirement from the group. ""I'll miss being a part of the Wiggles very much, but this is the right decision because it will allow me to focus on managing my health"", Page said in a video message, which The Sydney Morning Herald called ""unsettling"", posted on the group's web page. Page was replaced by Sam Moran, who had served as an understudy for the Wiggles for five years and had already stood in for Page for 150 shows. Initially, the Wiggles struggled over their decision to replace Page, but after their audience's positive response to Moran, they decided to continue as a group because they thought that was what their young audience would want. According to Fatt, who called it ""a huge decision"" and ""a teachable moment"" for them, they chose to be honest with their young audience as they made the transition from Page to Moran. As part owner of the Wiggles, Page received a payout of about $20 million. Although Moran's transition as the Wiggles' lead singer was ""smooth"" for the young children of their audience, it was more difficult for their parents. Moran said that ""most children understood"". Field reported that by the group's 20th anniversary in 2011, due to the ever-changing nature of their audience, most of their young fans were unfamiliar with Page. Cook stated that Moran's transition was challenging for the group because since he replaced their lead singer, it changed their sound. Fatt characterised Moran's singing style as more operatic, so they chose different keys to sing and perform. The Wiggles never publicly disclosed how much Moran was paid, but it was reported that he earned $200,000 per year. Moran was featured in his first DVD and CD as a member of the group in early 2008, and a sixth season of the Wiggles' television series featuring Moran was filmed and began airing in Australia. At the end of 2007, the Wiggles donated their complete back catalogue of 27 master tapes to Australia's National Film and Sound Archive. Their business ventures during these years included opening up ""Wiggles World"" sections in theme parks in North America and the Arab World, internet offerings, the creation of new television shows, and a five-year-long partnership with the digital cable channel Sprout in 2009. In December 2010, Cinemalive beamed a Wiggles concert live from Acer Arena into movie theatres all over Australia, for children and their families unable to attend their shows. In early July 2011, founding member Fatt developed arrhythmia and underwent ""urgent but routine"" heart surgery, when he was fitted with a pacemaker after feeling unwell for several weeks and blacking out. He missed the group's US tour as a result, after not missing a show in 20 years. Also in mid-2011, the Wiggles celebrated their 20th anniversary with circus-themed shows and performances throughout Australia and the outback in a circus tent, as well as a ""physically grueling"" birthday-themed tour of 90 shows throughout Australia, which Paul Field called ""one of the biggest of their careers"". Sydney's Powerhouse Museum commemorated the group's anniversary with an exhibit that displayed Wiggles memorabilia. In 2011, the worldwide financial crisis hit the group, and they recorded their first drop in revenues in 10 years, at approximately $2.5 million, a total decrease of 28 percent. Royalties partially offset the difference between their 2010 and 2011 revenues. Their managing director Mike Conway called 2011 their toughest year financially. For the first time, they had negative equity, with more liabilities than assets, and the owners had to provide the funds for them to continue operations. Conway stated that their losses were due to less touring time in the US, difficulties in placing their DVDs in Walmart, and their required investment in a new digital platform. In January 2012, and amidst a great deal of controversy, the Wiggles announced that Page had regained his health and was returning to the Wiggles. He returned as an employee ""exactly on the same level as Sam"", rather than a co-owner, having relinquished his business interest in the group after he left in 2006. According to The Sydney Morning Herald, interest in Page's return was sparked when they met during the group's induction in the ARIA Hall of Fame in November 2011. After it was decided that Moran would no longer continue on as the Yellow Wiggle, the group asked Page to return, only until August 2012, ""to help transition from Sam to a new Yellow Wiggle."" Business Review Weekly reported that the presentation of Moran's departure had been mishandled and had potentially damaged their brand image. Paul Field agreed, stating that they ""could have handled the communication and management of the transition better"". Cook later admitted that they were shocked by the backlash in the press and among the parents of their audience. As part of his severance package, Moran continued to collect song royalties and was granted use of the Wiggles' studios. In mid-2012, the Wiggles announced that Page, Fatt, and Cook would be retiring from touring with the group; Emma Watkins, the first female member of the Wiggles, replaced Page, Lachlan Gillespie replaced Fatt, and Simon Pryce, who was initially supposed to replace Page in August, replaced Cook. Anthony Field remained in the group because he found it too difficult to give up and because he still had a passion for educating children. According to Paul Field, his brother staying in the band ""was a vital decision to placate American, British and Canadian business partners"". Page, Fatt, and Cook remained involved with the creative and production aspects of the group. Fatt and Cook had been talking about quitting touring for many years; Cook announced his intention to retire first, citing a desire to spend more time with his family, and then Fatt announced his own retirement shortly thereafter. Page, who was still struggling with his health issues and had stated that his interest was in working with the group's original line-up, was subsequently asked to extend his stay until the end of the year so he would leave alongside Cook and Fatt, to which he agreed. Cook reported that the original members were confident that the new group would be accepted by the fans because they passed on their founding concepts of early childhood education to Watkins, Gillespie, and Pryce. The new members, like Moran, who was not approached to return, were salaried employees. The group, for their farewell tour, visited 8 countries and 141 cities, for a total of almost 250 shows in over 200 days for 640,000 people. Watkins, Gillespie, and Pryce wore ""In Training"" T-shirts, and debuted the song ""Do the Propeller!"" during these concerts. The final televised performance of the original band members, along with the new members, was on 22 December 2012, during the annual Carols in the Domain in Sydney. Their final performance, after over 7000 shows over the years, was on 23 December at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. Also by 2012, the Wiggles performed to audiences whose parents attended their shows in their early years, and they were hiring performers who were part of their audience as young children. The Wiggles began airing a show on Sirius XM satellite radio in late 2012, featuring the original members and their replacements, and stories and games for young listeners. In December, the group auctioned their famous ""Big Red Car"" (called the ""iconic Volkswagen Beetle Cabriolet"") for charity for almost A$36,000 on the auction site eBay. The money was donated to the Melbourne-based charity SIDS and Kids. The new iteration of the Wiggles, with Field and its new members, began touring in early 2013. Cook became the group's road manager in mid-2013. Pryce reported that since the Wiggles' audience changed every few years, the transition to the new group was easier for their young audience than it was for their parents. One of their challenges, especially for their early tours, was learning the Wiggles' catalogue of 1400 songs. In early 2016, Pryce described the Wiggles' competitive culture of fitness, especially among the male cast, by citing the group's grueling performance schedule, saying, ""Sometimes it feels like it's an extreme sport"". After a seven-year absence from Australian television, they filmed a new show, called Ready, Steady, Wiggle, filmed in their spare time at their studio in Sydney between tours and on the road. Watkins, who had a film-making degree, played an important role in its production. The series was picked up by the on-line streaming service Hulu in 2015. Anthony Field admitted that they found it ""hard going"" until they returned to television. Merchandise featuring the original group outsold the new group's products, and they failed to sell-out their concerts. By 2015, Paul Field called the new group ""an amazing success"". By that time, they had produced 8 CDs and DVDs, and 3 new television series. Field reported that the new group went through the same process as the original group in terms of audience acceptance and ""benchmarks of success"". They performed to sell-out audiences throughout Australia, had high sales of their DVDs and CDs, and won an ARIA in 2014. According to Kathy McCabe of News Corp Australia, it took 18 months for the new group to be accepted by their audience. McCabe credited their success to Watkins, who became the group's stand-out member. According to Field, an American journalist called her young fans, who came to concerts dressed in yellow and wearing bows like her, the ""mini Emma army"". She was so popular, she starred in her own TV show, called ""Emma"", without the other Wiggles, in 2015. Field called her ""an aspirational role model"" for their young audience and reported that she had increased their fan base of girls. Field stated that the audience emulated her fashion choices, opening up new merchandising possibilities for the group. In 2014, the Wiggles doubled their ticket sales from the year before and played in sold-out venues all over Australia and the world for 250,000 fans. Hyde Park in Sydney had to be closed on Australia Day because fans filled it to see the group perform. They continued to sell-out concerts throughout 2015. Also in 2015, the group produced their DVD, Rock and Roll Preschool, featuring musician David Campbell, and it was announced that the Wiggles would produce their second feature film; comedian Ben Elton was slated to write the script and co-write the soundtrack. In early 2015, Gillespie and Watkins revealed that they had been dating for two years; they announced their engagement in May 2015. They were married on 9 April 2016 at Hopewood House in Bowral in New South Wales, Australia. In August 2018, Gillespie and Watkins announced their separation. The Wiggles celebrated their 25th anniversary with a performance by the new members, published as a free podcast on iTunes, in front of the Apple Store in Sydney in January 2016. In February, the original group members were to perform a charity concert for their fans over the age of 18, who were part of their first audiences, at the Dee Why RSL club in Sydney. A new television series, called Wiggle Wiggle Wiggle, premiered on Treehouse in Canada in September 2017 and on Universal Kids in the US in October 2017. Based on a segment from the series, a new range of nursery items was launched in January 2019, catering for babies and toddlers under the new ""Little Wiggles"" branding. The original Wiggles performed reunion charity concerts on 17 and 18 January 2020 to raise funds for the Australian bush fires with proceeds going to the Australian Red Cross and the WIRES Wildlife Rescue Service. Onstage on 17 January, Greg Page suffered a cardiac arrest. He stopped breathing and required CPR and three jolts from a defibrillator. The Wiggles’ Twitter account posted that Page underwent a medical procedure and was recovering in hospital. In September 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Wiggles reached out to Leymo Mohammed of Toronto after a Toronto Star article about the teen losing his mother, and sent him a personalized version of Toot Toot, Chugga Chugga, Big Red Car featuring Anthony Field, Emma Watkins, Simon Pryce, and Jeff Fatt. Current members Former members The Wiggles have written new music each year since their inception; they sequestered themselves for a month each summer and wrote three albums' worth of original children's music based on simple concepts familiar to young children, and using several genres of music and types of instruments. Most of their songs were short and started with the chorus because they felt that young children needed to be presented with a song's topic in their first few lines. They wrote songs individually at first, but eventually wrote as a group, often with John Field, trumpet player Dominic Lindsay, and Paddick. Fatt, the only member of the original group without a degree in early childhood education, tended to focus on composing music. Fatt told reporter Brian McElhiney, who called the group's songwriting process ""a collaborate affair"", that they wrote repetitive pop songs or jingles, which were appealing to children. Watkins reported that she was invited to write songs for their albums, even though she was primarily a dancer. John Fogerty of Creedence Clearwater Revival, who appeared in a Wiggles video in 2002, told The New York Times that he was ""very impressed"" with the group's songwriting, especially with their drum sound. According to Field, the transition from writing music for an adult rock band to writing children's music was not a big one for the Wiggles. ""The Wiggles music isn't all that far removed from what we did in the Cockroaches, just a different subject matter"", Field stated. ""The Cockroaches sing about girls and love and stuff like that; the Wiggles sing about hot potatoes and cold spaghetti."" Moran stated that the Wiggles wrote songs they liked and would listen to, and then made them appropriate for children. They approached simple and relocatable topics, such as food and nutrition, as teachers would in a pre-school setting, with simple melodies that were easy for children to sing and remember. The group sang the same 60s-style pop as the Cockroaches, but with different lyrics, although they were not confined to songs about love and could write about anything that interested and excited young children, which was limitless. The music they chose to write and perform was influenced by nursery rhymes, folk music, and rock songs of the 1950s and 1960s. Page reported, ""First and foremost, we're entertainers"". The Wiggles captured the interest of children by first entertaining them, and then by presenting them with educational messages. The group wrote and performed children's music that was different from what had been done previously; as Cook stated, ""we didn't just go down the route of what people think is kids' music"". They were not tied to one style or genre of music and often experimented in the studio; while some of their recordings were orchestral, others had a more live feel. The group was aware that their songs were often children's first exposure to music. Guitar Magazine speculated that since Cook was one of the first guitarists children were exposed to, he may be the most influential guitarist in the world. Cook was conscious that he was probably the first guitarist children would see, and said, ""I always think that if it inspires kids to play guitar later on that would be great. I think it would be really nice if in 15 years I read that somebody got into guitar playing because of Wiggles"". In 2013, after Cook retired from touring with the group and became their touring manager, he reported that newer bands like Regular John approached him and said that the Wiggles were the first band ""they got into"". ""Where was the fun? Where were the references to the simple things that are so dominant in a child's life? Favourite books, colours, dancing, playing, nap time. And what's wrong with kids getting up and grooving; squealing, screaming, and laughing through a performance? I wanted to explore alternate ways to write and perform for young children, to ensure the music was for them, not just the musician. Nothing complicated, snide, or condescending."" —Anthony Field, speaking about the state of children's music in the early 1990s, 2012The Wiggles' songwriting and performances were rooted in their professional training as pre-school teachers and in the concepts of early childhood education. Anthony Field reported, as he studied music for young children at university, being ""shocked ... at the non-inclusive way music for children was usually performed"". According to Field, children had to sit silently as musicians played ""traditional songs often featuring negative or outdated lyrics and dealing with subject matter of no interest to small children"". The lack of songs with themes and topics that interested children inspired Field to record the Wiggles' first album. The group's ""golden rule"", according to Field, was to make the content of their songs and shows ""developmentally appropriate and fun"". Their music, stage shows, and television and DVD productions were developed, as The New York Times reported, ""from the premise that a young child has a short attention span, is curious about a limited number of objects and activities, loves having a job to do and is thrilled by mastering basic movements"". They also respected their audience's intelligence and insight about entertainment, information, and honesty. As Field said, ""Young children identify with relevant concepts, and enjoy being entertained and being part of the entertainment. They are willing to commit to interacting if you are direct, inclusive, and positive"". The group understood that challenging young children to engage in difficult tasks is more effective than simply telling them to do it. They believed that young children were egocentric, so they stared continually into the camera in their videos and TV shows, and explained every action because they believed that young children needed to be told what to expect so that they do not feel left out and in order to feel safe. ""We have a license to be silly, and a lot of what we do is about joy."" —Murray Cook, 2010The Wiggles' stage shows were full of action and audience participation. By the group's ""New Wiggles"" iteration, The Sydney Morning Herald called their shows slick and fast-paced, with inside jokes for the adult members of their audience. The bandmembers tended to wander throughout the audience, ""thrilling toddlers and smartphone wielding guardians alike"". Pryce, as an experienced stage performer, was conscious that their shows were the first live theater young children experienced; as a result, the group adapted the content of their shows to accommodate their audience's development and understanding. Paddick's role as Captain Feathersword became more important in the mid-1990s, especially in the group's stage shows, when he was able to incorporate his circus and opera training, as well as impersonations that were popular with their audience's parents. Some hand motions, originally patterned after professional bowlers, have another, more practical purpose. When asked about the origin of ""Wiggles fingers"", founding (red) member Murray Cook explained “when you’re a teacher in early childhood , you have to be aware that you can be accused of things ...In photos for instance, if there are kids there, if you’ve got your hands doing this, everyone sees where your hands are.” Cook after seeing professional Paul Paddick (Captain Feathersword) told the Sydney Morning News that all physical contact, no matter how innocent, was forbidden, in an effort to protect the group from litigation. ""It’s a shame that that is an issue, but it’s an issue"" added Cook. They believed in empowering children by practices such as greeting their audience members with ""Hello, everyone"", instead of ""Hello, boys and girls"" because as Paul Field has explained, the second greeting ""unnecessarily separates children and has undertones of condescension"". Kathleen Warren, the group's former professor at Macquarie University, believed that the group's practice of asking their audience to ""Wake Up Jeff"" when Fatt pretended to fall asleep was ""very much in keeping with the way they work with children"". Warren stated that asking children to interrupt Fatt's slumber helped them build confidence and to feel more in control of their lives. Fatt was the only original member of the Wiggles without a background in early childhood education; he explained that was the reason falling asleep was chosen as his gimmick and that ""it was a way of getting me involved in the shows without actually having to do anything"". Paul Field reported that children in the Wiggles' audience felt ""great excitement"" and were disappointed if not given the opportunity to help Jeff in this way. Anthony Field, who called it ""a simple audience participation and interaction gag we've done since the start of the group"", claimed that it endeared Fatt to their audiences. The group's members took turns falling asleep in the early days of the group, but it became Fatt's gimmick because ""it was a perfect fit"". When Fatt retired, Gillespie took over the task of falling asleep. Simple movements were developed by their choreographers, including Leeanne Ashley, to accompany each song because, as The New York Times reported, they believed ""in the power of basic movements to enchant young children"". According to reporter Anders Wright, they intentionally made mistakes in their dance moves in order to identify more with their young audience. The group incorporated more dancing into their performances after the birth of Field's oldest daughter in 2004. ""So Wiggles have kind of become a bit more, dare I say, girly. Dorothy (the Dinosaur) does ballet now and we dance as well a lot more than we did"", Field reported. In later years, corresponding with Field's developing interests in acrobatics and gymnastics, they added these elements to their stage shows, including, as Field reported, hiring several world-class athletes such as former trampoline champion Karl Shore. Watkins, whom Paul Field called ""a dancer of many disciplines"", was initially hired as a member of their troupe and referred to herself as ""mainly a dancer"". Between 1999 and 2003, to test the group's appeal across cultures, Warren used one of the Wiggles' CDs as an educational tool in a village near Madang, on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. She found that the Madangese children were able to relate to the group's songs, and that they were able to sing along and participate in their simple choreography. Although the Wiggles' recorded and performed songs, dances, and musical styles from different cultures and languages, the Wiggles did not find that adapting their music to non-Australian cultures was necessary to reach children in other countries. As Cook stated, ""... Toddlers don't have the same hang ups as adults"". The Wiggles recognised that as long as they spoke at the same level as their audience, their Australian accents would not matter, and that young children were able to adapt to a variety of contexts and to different pronunciations of common words, no matter where they resided. Throughout the group's history it has retained full creative control and ownership of every aspect of their business in an effort to remain as independent as possible. As Field stated, the band's corporation was ""not your regular 'corporate culture'"". The group does not have a chief executive instead making decisions through consensus and made business decisions based upon their experience as performers and their knowledge of early childhood education. Endorsements of toys and other products were made carefully are only with products that correlated with their image. There are high expectations regarding the behaviour and attitude of everyone associated with the group. The Wiggles became formally consolidated in 2005. The group's board of directors consisted of the original three members, Paul Field, who has been general manager of operations since the group was formed and their manager since the mid-1990s, and Mike Conway, who had worked for Ernst & Young in England and become their general manager in 2001. The group generally earned a consistent A$45 million consistently placing them at the top of the Business Review Weekly's list of top Australian entertainment earners from 2005-2008. By 2007 the group reported touring as half the revenue. It was reported that as part owner of the Wiggles, Page was given a A$20 million payout when he left the group in 2006. In 2009 the Wiggles were overtaken by AC/DC and remained in second place through 2014 and moved to the third spot behind Kylie Minogue. The group reported a loss for the first time in 2011 amid the world wide recession. By 2012, founding members Anthony Field, Cook, and Fatt retained 30% ownership of their brand, and Paul Field and Conway each owned 5%. Gillespie, Pryce and Watkins were reported to be salaried employees when they joined the group in 2012. Paul Field departed as the company's general manager in March 2020, in the midst of a period of ""organisational change"". It was reported through corporate filings that Watkins and Gillespie each acquired approximately 8% ownership of the business as well as company directorships in June 2018, while Pryce had not gained equity of the group. At the time of reporting, it was suggested that Anthony Field owned 36% of the brand, while Fatt and Cook each owned 24%. Other ventures of band's corporation included franchising their concept to Africa, South America, Taiwan, and other countries. The group has licensed ""Wiggles World"" sections in Dreamworld theme park in Queensland as well as Six Flags theme parks in Texas, New York, Illinois, Massachusetts, and New Jersey. Wiggles theming remains in Queensland and Six Flag's New York park but Six Flags removed all licensed characters from other parks in 2010 during its emergence from bankruptcy. Wiggles group also ventured into indoor playgrounds with Wiggly Play Centres in the Sydney suburbs of Seven Hills and Villawood as well as and Dallas, Texas. The Wiggles enjoyed ""almost universal approval"" throughout their history. Their songs were sung and played in pre-schools all around the world. Between 2000 and 2010, the Wiggles earned 21 Gold records. According to a 2012 news release published to announce the retirement of Cook, Fatt, and Page, they earned several Platinum, Double Platinum and Multi-Platinum records, as well as sold 23 million DVDs and seven million CDs. They performed, on average, to one million people per year. After 2003, front-row tickets to their sold-out concerts in the US were scalped for US$500. The group responded by reducing the number of seats sold per transaction, in order to keep prices down and avoid further tickets scalping. In 2008, the group found themselves in the midst of what The Daily Telegraph called a ""ticketing scandal""; scalpers tried to sell an A$19 ticket on eBay for almost A$2,000 and a set of three tickets for A$315 for concerts in Melbourne, and a group of three tickets to a Wiggles UNICEF charity concert in Sydney had a price tag of A$510. The tickets were taken off eBay and voided. In what Paul Field called ""one of the highlights of their 15 years of being together"", The Wiggles were awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Australian Catholic University in 2006. Cook gave an address during the private ceremony honouring them. They were awarded another honorary doctoral degree in 2009 from their alma mater, Macquarie University. The group was named UNICEF goodwill ambassadors in 2008; they held a special concert to raise money for the organisation. In 2010, the four original members of the Wiggles were appointed Members of the Order of Australia for their service to the arts in Australia, especially children's entertainment, and for their contributions and support of several charities. They called the honour their ""biggest recognition yet"". The group has always invited children with special needs and their families to pre-concert ""meet and greet"" sessions. According to Fatt, many parents of these children have reported that the Wiggles' music has enhanced their lives, and that children with autism ""respond to Wiggles and nothing else"". The Wiggles, throughout their history, have visited and performed for patients at the Sydney Children's Hospital every Christmas morning. In 2011, ABC Music released an album titled Rewiggled: A Tribute to The Wiggles to celebrate the group's 20th anniversary. The album features covers of many favourite Wiggles songs performed by notable Australian music artists. The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector. They commenced in 2006. The award for Best Independent Children's Album or EP commenced in 2020. The APRA Music Awards are award ceremonies that recognise songwriting skills, sales, and airplay performance by its members annually. The Wiggles have won six APRAs and have been nominated for four others. In 2007, the group's members, along with John Field, were awarded APRA's International Achievement Award. The Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards is an annual series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry, put on by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The Wiggles have been nominated for Best Children's Album 26 times, and have won the award 14 times. In 2003, the group was awarded ARIA's Award for Outstanding Achievement, and in 2011, they were inducted into ARIA's Hall of Fame. Studio albums",1
"Georgi Petkov (footballer, born 1976)","Georgi Petkov (footballer, born 1976)  2010-02-06T07:23:59Z  Georgi Petkov (Bulgarian: Георги Петков) (born April 14, 1976 in Pazardzhik) is a Bulgarian football player. He plays for PFC Levski Sofia as a goalkeeper. Petkov plays for Bulgarian national team since 2005 as a back up to Dimitar Ivankov. Petkov started playing with PFC Hebar Pazardzhik (Хебър Пазарджик). He came to Levski from PFC Slavia Sofia in 2002. He was a substitute of Dimitar Ivankov until this season. After Ivankov left Levski, Petkov showed his real potential and became an important part of the team. With Georgi as a key player, his team was the first Bulgarian team to join the group stage of the UEFA Champions League. He was one of the few players that had their positions secure during the 07-08 transfer season, when a big part of the Levski players were sold. On 25 April 2008 a media report said that Petkov is wanted by Besiktas J.K. during the summer transfer season. Petkov became a captain of PFC Levski, during the 2008/2009 season. On 24 January 2008, during the pause of 2008/2009 season, Petkov was number one goalkeeper in Europe, according to IMScouting. He conceded the least goals per minute. Petkov conceded one goal on each 810 minutes. He became a Champion of Bulgaria in 2009, after a contradictory but great season under the coaching of Emil Velev. Despite the bad results during the autumnal part of the season, after great matches in the spring, Levski Sofia fulfilled the plan before the term had set and became a champion for 26 time, before the last round has been played. During 2009/2010 season, the Levski's team started their European campaign with 9:0 (on aggregate) in the second Qualifying round of Champions League against UE Sant Julià. On the next round, Levski Sofia faced FK Baku. The blues eliminated the team from Azerbaijan with 2:0 (on aggregate). In the play-off round Levski was eliminated by Debreceni VSC with 4:1 (on aggregate). However, Levski qualified for UEFA Europa League. ,  Georgi Petkov (footballer, born 1976)  2011-11-14T15:30:36Z  Georgi Petkov (Bulgarian: Георги Петков) (born March 14, 1976 in Pazardzhik) is a Bulgarian football goalkeeper currently playing for Enosis Paralimni. Petkov has played for Bulgarian national team since 2005 as a backup to Dimitar Ivankov. Born in Pazardzhik, Petkov started his career at local side Hebar. In June 1996, he was signed by A PFG club Slavia Sofia. Petkov started the 1996–97 season as the third choice goalkeeper and earned only two appearances in his first campaign at Slavia. Following Zdravko Zdravkov transferred to Turkish İstanbulspor in June 1997, he has been promoted to second choice. In July 2001, Petkov joined Levski Sofia for a $400,000, breaking the Bulgarian goalkeeper transfer-record. He was a substitute of Dimitar Ivankov until this season. After Ivankov left Levski, Petkov showed his real potential and became an important part of the team. With Georgi as a key player, his team was the first Bulgarian team to join the group stage of the UEFA Champions League. He was one of the few players that had their positions secure during the 07-08 transfer season, when a big part of the Levski players were sold. On 25 April 2008 a media report said that Petkov is wanted by Besiktas J.K. during the summer transfer season. Petkov became a captain of PFC Levski, during the 2008/2009 season. On 24 January 2008, during the pause of 2008/2009 season, Petkov was number one goalkeeper in Europe, according to IMScouting. He conceded the least goals per minute. Petkov conceded one goal on each 810 minutes. He became a Champion of Bulgaria in 2009, after a contradictory but great season under the coaching of Emil Velev. Despite the bad results during the autumnal part of the season, after great matches in the spring, Levski Sofia fulfilled the plan before the term had set and became a champion for 26 time, before the last round has been played. During 2009/2010 season, the Levski's team started their European campaign with 9:0 (on aggregate) in the second Qualifying round of Champions League against UE Sant Julià. On the next round, Levski Sofia faced FK Baku. The blues eliminated the team from Azerbaijan with 2:0 (on aggregate). In the play-off round Levski was eliminated by Debreceni VSC with 4:1 (on aggregate). However, Levski qualified for UEFA Europa League. In the group stage, Levski faced Villarreal CF, SS Lazio and Red Bull Salzburg. Levski achieved only one win and 5 losses. Levski took the win against SS Lazio, after Hristo Yovov scored the winning goal in the match. The match was played at Stadio Olimpico. In 2009/2010 season, after couple of bad games and results, Levski however achieved qualifying for UEFA Europa League becoming 3rd in the final ranking. During the 2010/2011 Levski qualified for UEFA Europa League after eliminating Dundalk F.C., Kalmar FF and AIK Fotboll. Levski was drawn in Group C, facing Gent, Lille and Sporting CP. The first match was against Gent. Levski won the match in a 3-2 home win. The winning goal was scored by Serginho Greene. With this win Levski recorded 8 games in-a-row without losing in European competitions. After that Levski lost catastrophically from Sporting CP with 5-0. Followed by another loss against Lille. In Sofia Levski played very well against Lille and was leading 2-1 until Ivo Ivanov scored an own goal to make it 2-2. In the last match of the Group C, Levski take a win against Sporting CP with 1-0, the winning goal was scored by Daniel Mladenov. On 10 January 2011, it was announced that Petkov is being released from the club. After ten perfect years in Levski, Petkov told the media that he felt insulted by the actions of his former club. Georgi Petkov signed for Enosis Paralimni on 21 January 2011, making a winning debut 24 hours later, by beating Ermis FC 3-1 in Tasos Markou Stadium.",1
National_Diffusion_Network,"National_Diffusion_Network  2009-09-09T15:04:09Z   The National Diffusion Network (1974-1995) was the first federally-sponsored effort to identify and spread to the nation's schools innovative education programs. The program was created administratively by the then-Office of Education in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare as an effort to make use of the best of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title III education innovations. The NDN operated successfully, at a Congressionally-approved appropriations level varying between $8-million and $14-million per year, for 20 years. It, like several other small programs then administered by the U. S. Department of Education was eliminated by having its funding stopped by the 105th Congress, under the implementation of a cost-cutting initiative sponsored by new Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, called the Contract with America. There were several components of the National Diffusion Network. The most central were Developer Demonstrators, projects of educational innovations that had been rigorously reviewed and validated by a federal panel, the Joint Dissemination Review Panel. The Developer Demonstration projects, or DDs, offered their professional development and other services to schools and school districts who had need for the specific education reform and improvement innovations. A catalog listing all the DDs available to schools, Educational Programs That Work was published yearly by Sopris West, a private contractor, and distributed nationally. A second critical component of the NDN were its State Facilitators. There was at least one State Facilitator (SF) grantee in each of the 50 states, plus designated agencies in the District of Columbia and U. S. Territories. The role of the SFs was to act as liaisons between schools in their state that had need for assistance and the NDN-approved Developer Demonstrators. Matches were called ""program adoptions. "" The principal Congressional sponsors of the NDN were Rep. Dale Kildee (D-MI) and Sen. Claiborne Pell (D-RI), both of whom sponsored legislation to maintain and extend the work of the program throughout the nation. When the National Diffusion Network's funding was threatened by David Stockman, OMB director in 1981, during the first year of the Ronald Reagan administration, personnel staffing National Diffusion Network projects formed a professional advocacy group, the National Dissemination Association. The association was led by Max McConkey, later the chief policy officer at WestEd and board president of Knowledge Alliance. NDA appealed to both Education Secretary Terrel Bell and to Congressman Kildee and Senator Pell. The three collaborated in a successful effort to save the Network. While the National Diffusion Network officially ended in 1995, many of its innovative programs continue to be disseminated to schools throughout the nation, contributing to the resources used for the implementation of the ESEA reauthorization of 2001—the No Child Left Behind Act. ,  National_Diffusion_Network  2012-08-27T19:33:08Z   The National Diffusion Network (United States, 1974-1995) was the first federally sponsored effort to identify and spread to America's schools innovative education programs. The program was created administratively by the then-Office of Education in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare as an effort to make use of the best of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title III education innovations. The NDN operated successfully, at a Congressionally approved appropriations level varying between $8-million and $14-million per year, for 20 years. It, like several other small programs then administered by the U. S. Department of Education was eliminated by having its funding stopped by the 105th Congress, under the implementation of a cost-cutting initiative sponsored by new Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, called the Contract with America. There were several components of the National Diffusion Network. The most central were Developer Demonstrators, projects of educational innovations that had been rigorously reviewed and validated by a federal panel, the Joint Dissemination Review Panel. The Developer Demonstration projects, or DDs, offered their professional development and other services to schools and school districts who had need for the specific education reform and improvement innovations. A catalog listing all the DDs available to schools, Educational Programs That Work was published yearly by Sopris West, a private contractor, and distributed nationally. A second critical component of the NDN were its State Facilitators. There was at least one State Facilitator (SF) grantee in each of the 50 states, plus designated agencies in the District of Columbia and U. S. Territories. The role of the SFs was to act as liaisons between schools in their state that had need for assistance and the NDN-approved Developer Demonstrators. Matches were called ""program adoptions. "" The principal Congressional sponsors of the NDN were Rep. Dale Kildee (D-MI) and Sen. Claiborne Pell (D-RI), both of whom sponsored legislation to maintain and extend the work of the program throughout the nation. When the National Diffusion Network's funding was threatened by David Stockman, OMB director in 1981, during the first year of the Ronald Reagan administration, personnel staffing National Diffusion Network projects formed a professional advocacy group, the National Dissemination Association. The association was led by Max McConkey,, artist , later the chief policy officer at WestEd and board president of Knowledge Alliance. NDA appealed to both Education Secretary Terrel Bell and to Congressman Kildee and Senator Pell. The three collaborated in a successful effort to save the Network. While the National Diffusion Network officially ended in 1995, many of its innovative programs continue to be disseminated to schools throughout the nation, contributing to the resources used for the implementation of the ESEA reauthorization of 2001—the No Child Left Behind Act.",0
Martin Clunes,"Martin Clunes  2008-01-07T22:29:40Z  Martin Clunes (born 28 November 1961 in Wimbledon, South London) is an English actor. Born Alexander Martin Clunes, he is the son of the classical actor Alec Clunes who died of lung cancer when Martin was eight; while his mother Daphne, now a board member of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, once worked for Orson Welles. Clunes attended kindergarten with screenwriter Peter Morgan, and was educated at Royal Russell School, Croydon. His cousin, the late actor Jeremy Brett who portrayed Sherlock Holmes in the long running ITV show The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, encouraged Clunes in his acting career. After attending The Arts Educational Schools in Chiswick, he served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester. Clunes first television appearance came in the 1980s Doctor Who story Snakedance as the spoiled Lon. But a sporadic career led to him supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and appeared in the 1992 episode of the TV series Inspector Morse. To establish himself, he developed a parallel career as a dramatic actor, starring in films and television shows such as An Evening With Gary Lineker, Staggered, Hunting Venus, William and Mary, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace, Jeeves and Wooster and the 1997 film The Revengers' Comedies. While appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him which developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows. Enfield then wrote the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly around Clunes, which initially staring Enfield in the pilot, was moved to the BBC after two series and playing opposite Neil Morrissey who replaced Enfield, brought Clunes his best known role to date, broadcast from 1992 to 1999. As a result of the role, in 1998 he starred as Richard Burbage in the Oscar winning film Shakespeare in Love. He also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. In 2002 he played serial killer John George Haigh in A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV romantic comedy-drama William and Mary, which ran into a second series, and The Man Who Lost His Head for ITV. A regular voice over artist, he is the voice of Kipper on the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. His leading role in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin from 2005 marked a change for Clunes, as it is produced by Buffalo, the production company he runs with his wife. In August 2007 he starred in ITV's The Man Who Lost His Head. At the media launch for the third series of Doc Martin in September 2007, Clunes announced that as ITV had not yet commissioned a fourth series, that he planned to take a year's break from work to relax and rediscover his passion for acting, move to the far side of the camera and plans to grow his hair again as he ""misses his locks."" On Friday 9th November 2007 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Bournemouth University. In October 2007, Martin filmed a Christmas advert for international welfare charity,Born Free Foundation that he supports. Clunes has married twice: After living in Rotherhithe post his divorce from Aston, the family now have a house in Putney but live mainly at a farm in Beaminster, Dorset. ,  Martin Clunes  2009-12-30T17:00:42Z  Alexander Martin Clunes (born 28 November 1961) is a BAFTA and SAG award-winning English actor and comedian. Clunes is perhaps best known for his roles as Gary Strang in Men Behaving Badly and Doctor Martin Ellingham in Doc Martin. Clunes is the son and second child of the classical actor Alec Clunes who died of lung cancer when Martin was eight and a half years old; he has an older sister, Amanda. His mother Daphne, later a board member of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, once worked for Orson Welles. Clunes attended nursery with screenwriter Peter Morgan, and was educated at two independent secondary schools, the Royal Russell School in Croydon and The Arts Educational Schools, in Chiswick, London. The late actor Jeremy Brett who portrayed Sherlock Holmes in the long running ITV show The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, encouraged Clunes in his acting career. Martin Clunes' mother was Jeremy Brett's first cousin. Clunes served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance came in the 1980s Doctor Who story Snakedance as the spoiled Lon. But a sporadic career led to him supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of the sitcom All at No. 20. While Clunes was appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him which developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows. Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, bringing Clunes his best-known role to date and for which he won a BAFTA television award in 1996. Establishing himself, he has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening With Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace, and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the Oscar-winning film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. Clunes is a friend of rock singer Gary Numan who appeared in his movie Hunting Venus. Afterwards Clunes made a guest appearance live on stage with Numan and played bass to the hit single ""Cars"". In 2001, he played Captain Stickles in the BBC adaptation of R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. In 2002 he played serial killer John George Haigh in A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV romantic comedy-drama William and Mary, which ran for three series, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). His leading role in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin from 2004 marked a successful change of direction for Clunes. In 2005, his portrayal of the ornery vascular surgeon turned cranky general practitioner won him a nomination for Most Popular Actor in the National Television Awards. The show is produced for ITV by Buffalo Pictures Ltd. the production company he runs in partnership with his wife, Philippa Braithwaite. At the media launch for the third series of Doc Martin in September 2007, Clunes announced that as ITV had not yet commissioned a fourth series, that he planned to take a year's break from work to relax and rediscover his passion for acting, move to the far side of the camera and plans to grow his hair again as he ""misses his locks."". The final episode of Series 3 succeeded in attracting nearly 10 million viewers or 40% of audience share. There was, however, mixed reaction from fans to Series 3's dénouement. In an interview in November 2007 on ITV's GMTV, he promised that there would be a fourth series but not for another year (2009). In August 2007 he starred in ITV's The Man Who Lost His Head. In January 2008, ITV announced its forthcoming sponsorship opportunities for Autumn 2008, which included Martin Clunes: a man and his dogs, a documentary that sees Martin Clunes charting the family tree of his dogs. There will be a book to accompany this programme, for which Clunes hopes to take the photographs. From 24 April 2009, Clunes starred on BBC One television in the title role of Reggie Perrin, a re-make of classic 1970s British situation comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. In the same year he appeared in a 3 part ITV series Martin Clunes' Islands of Britain in which he travelled around several of the country's lesser known islands. Clunes is a regular voice over artist and is the voice of Kipper on the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. A sponsor of numerous charities, he has made a short online film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. He also, in October 2007, filmed a Christmas advert for the Born Free Foundation. He has been involved in Comic Relief which funds Survival International and African Initiatives, two organisations working with the Maasai on indigenous land rights issues. Clunes also appeared in a television dramatisation of Fungus the Bogeyman playing Jessica White's father. On 9 November 2007 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Bournemouth University. Clunes first marriage was to the actress Lucy Aston. They later divorced and Clunes married television producer Philippa Braithwaite. Braithwaite and Clunes married in 1997. In 1999, Braithwaite gave birth to a daughter, Emily. Clunes lives with his family in Beaminster, Dorset.",1
Miss New Mexico USA,"Miss New Mexico USA  2019-01-27T10:27:28Z  The Miss New Mexico USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New Mexico in the Miss USA pageant. New Mexico has had moderate success at Miss USA, with many placements in the 1960s to the '80s and one Miss USA, Mai Shanley in 1984. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant,  Miss New Mexico USA  2020-11-10T04:31:17Z  The Miss New Mexico USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New Mexico in the Miss USA pageant. It is directed by Laura's Productions based in El Paso, Texas. New Mexico achieved many placements in the 1960s to the '80s and produced one Miss USA, Mai Shanley in 1984. The most recent placement was Alejandra Gonzalez in 2019, placing 1st runner-up, the state's highest placement since 1985. Cecilia Rodriguez, a native of Imperial Beach, California residing in South Valley, was crowned Miss New Mexico USA 2020 on January 26, 2020 at New Mexico State University Center in Las Cruces. She represented New Mexico for the title of Miss USA 2020. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant",1
Bernard Curry,"Bernard Curry  2007-11-04T12:03:48Z  Bernard Curry is an Australian actor who first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handly in 2005 and remained in the popular television series for one year. Bernard was a co-writer and actor of the sketch comedy series and has recently made a name for himself as a character actor (The King) and leading man (Puppy). ,  Bernard Curry  2008-11-20T18:01:19Z  Bernard Curry is a Melbourne-based Australian actor. Curry first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handley and remained in the popular television series for just over one year and later returned to the show in a video cameo appearance in 2005 for the programme's 20th Anniversary. Bernard was a co-writer and actor of the ABC sketch comedy series Flipside. In 2002, Curry starred in the American tele-movie, The Junction Boys with Tom Berenger. More recently, Curry has made a name for himself as a character actor in the award winning tele-film The King, and as a leading man in the feature film Puppy. He was also the host of the short-lived comedy Monster House on the Nine Network. He is a brother to Stephen Curry and Andrew Curry. All three siblings have appeared in Neighbours at various times. {{subst:#if:Curry, Bernard|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:MISSING}} }}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:}} }}",1
Noam Jenkins,"Noam Jenkins  2014-05-25T14:04:53Z  Noam Jenkins is a Canadian actor, perhaps best known for his recurring role as detective Jerry Barber in the Canadian drama series Rookie Blue. He is also known for guest-starring in numerous TV shows such as Deep in the City, Earth: Final Conflict, and Covert Affairs, and for playing Michael Marks in Saw II. He often plays ethnic characters (mostly Mestizos, Arabs, and Central Asians), due to his unique looks. Jenkins jokingly stated in an interview that he is irrationally annoyed when people mispronounce his name, which is pronounced /noəm/, as /nom/, because they make it sound like the word ""gnome"" as in ""garden gnome"". ,  Noam Jenkins  2015-12-19T07:00:13Z  Noam Jenkins is a Canadian actor, voice actor, and television director. He is best known for his portrayal as Aiden Pearce in the 2014 video game Watch Dogs, and Detective Jerry Barber on Global's Rookie Blue.",1
Filip Đuričić,"Filip Đuričić  2022-03-27T09:05:10Z  Filip Đuričić (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Ђуричић; born 30 January 1992) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Italian club Sassuolo and the Serbia national team. Đuričić began playing football at local side Obrenovac 1905, before joining Red Star Belgrade's youth system. In 2007, he moved abroad to Greece and spent a year with Olympiacos. After Olympiacos, he played senior football at his hometown club Radnički Obrenovac in the third-tier Serbian League Belgrade (15 games and 3 goals in the 2008–09 season), before joining SC Heerenveen in January 2010. He made his debut for them on 20 February against RKC Waalwijk and made an assist. On 23 February 2013, it was confirmed that Đuričić, along with fellow national team player Miralem Sulejmani, had passed medical tests and committed to a five-year contract with Benfica from summer 2013; with the Portuguese club spending €6 million to secure his services. A week later, Benfica revealed that the contract which Đuričić had signed contained a release clause which valued him at €40 million. Đuričić made his debut for Benfica on 18 August 2013, where he scored his first goal against Anderlecht in the UEFA Champions League. Used sparsely throughout the season, Đuričić was loaned to 1. FSV Mainz 05 (Mainz) for one season on 23 July 2014, with the option to make the move permanent for €12.5 million. He made his debut at Mainz on 15 August 2014 in a DFB-Pokal match against Chemnitzer FC. On 2 February 2015, Đuričić was loaned to Premier League side Southampton until the end of the season. On 25 January 2016, he joined Belgian club Anderlecht on loan until June. After initially joining U.C. Sampdoria on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season in summer 2016, Đuričić signed permanently in January 2017. His contract with Sampdoria expired in the summer of 2018. In late June 2018, Đuričić signed a four-year contract with U.S. Sassuolo Calcio. In October 2019, his form improved under coach Roberto De Zerbi, scoring a goal in a 3–4 loss to Inter Milan on 20 October 2019 and another one five days later in a 1–0 win against Hellas Verona. Đuričić made his debut for the Serbian national team on 29 February 2012 in a friendly match against Cyprus. On 11 September 2012, he scored his first goal for his country's senior selection against Wales in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying. On 3 November 2020, Đuričić tested positive for COVID-19 amid its pandemic in Italy; by 16 November, he recovered. Benfica,  Filip Đuričić  2023-12-03T16:58:09Z  Filip Đuričić (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Ђуричић; born 30 January 1992) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Super League Greece club Panathinaikos and the Serbia national team. Đuričić began playing football at local side Obrenovac 1905, before joining Red Star Belgrade's youth system. In 2007, he moved abroad to Greece and spent a year with Olympiacos. After Olympiacos, he played senior football at his hometown club Radnički Obrenovac in the third-tier Serbian League Belgrade (15 games and 3 goals in the 2008–09 season), before joining Heerenveen in January 2010. He made his debut for them on 20 February against Waalwijk and made an assist. On 23 February 2013, it was confirmed that Đuričić, along with fellow national team player Miralem Sulejmani, had passed medical tests and committed to a five-year contract with Benfica from summer 2013; with the Portuguese club spending €6 million to secure his services. A week later, Benfica revealed that the contract which Đuričić had signed contained a release clause which valued him at €40 million. Đuričić made his debut for Benfica on 18 August 2013, where he scored his first goal against Anderlecht in the UEFA Champions League. Used sparsely throughout the season, Đuričić was loaned to Mainz 05 for one season on 23 July 2014, with the option to make the move permanent for €12.5 million. He made his debut at Mainz on 15 August 2014 in a DFB-Pokal match against Chemnitzer FC. On 2 February 2015, Đuričić was loaned to Premier League side Southampton until the end of the season. On 25 January 2016, he joined Belgian club Anderlecht on loan until June. After initially joining Sampdoria on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season in summer 2016, Đuričić signed permanently in January 2017. His contract with Sampdoria expired in the summer of 2018. In late June 2018, Đuričić signed a four-year contract with Sassuolo. In October 2019, his form improved under coach Roberto De Zerbi, scoring a goal in a 4–3 loss to Inter Milan on 20 October 2019 and another one five days later in a 1–0 win against Hellas Verona. On 1 August 2022, Đuričić returned to Sampdoria on a two-year contract with an option to extend. In June 2023, Đuričić signed a two-year contract with Super League Greece club Panathinaikos. Đuričić made his debut for the Serbia national team on 29 February 2012 in a friendly match against Cyprus. On 11 September 2012, he scored his first goal for his country's senior selection against Wales in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying. In November 2022, he was selected in Serbia's squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. He played in group stage matches against Cameroon and Switzerland. Serbia finished fourth in the group. Benfica",1
Paterson Joseph,"Paterson Joseph  2020-01-02T08:48:59Z  Sister = Jacqui Joseph Paterson Joseph (born 22 June 1964) is a British actor. He appeared in the Royal Shakespeare Company productions of King Lear and Love's Labour's Lost in 1990. On television he is known for his roles in Casualty (1997–98), as Alan Johnson in Channel 4 sitcom Peep Show (2003–2015), Green Wing (2004–06), Survivors (2008–10), Boy Meets Girl (2009), as DI Wes Layton in Law & Order: UK (2013–14), and as Connor Mason in Timeless (2016-18). His film roles include The Beach (2000), Greenfingers, (2001) Æon Flux (2005) and The Other Man (2008). He is also known for his various performances of the Marquis de Carabas in adaptations of Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere. In 1991, Joseph won second prize in the Ian Charleson Awards, for his 1990 performances of Oswald in King Lear, Dumaine in Love's Labour's Lost, and the Marquis de Mota in The Last Days of Don Juan, all at the Royal Shakespeare Company. In 1992 he starred as Richard Henry in Blues for Mister Charlie by James Baldwin, directed by Greg Hersov at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. Joseph's theatre credits include the title role in Othello at the Royal Exchange, Manchester, as well as parts in Henry IV, King Lear, and Hamlet for a performance in New York City. In 2012 he played Brutus in a performance by the RSC of Julius Caesar set in Africa. In 2004 he undertook a project, filmed for Channel 4 in a documentary entitled My Shakespeare, to direct a version of Romeo & Juliet, using 20 young non-actors from the deprived Harlesden area of London. In 2006, he became a patron of OffWestEnd.com, a listings site for theatre outside the mainstream. Other stage appearances in 2006 and 2007 include the leads in The Royal Hunt of the Sun and The Emperor Jones at the Olivier Theatre, London. In 2015, Sancho: An Act of Remembrance, a solo play written and performed by Joseph and based on the life of Ignatius Sancho, was staged in Oxford and Birmingham, and toured in the US starting in October. He has played many roles in British television programmes, both drama and comedy. These include Reuben in William and Mary alongside Martin Clunes; Mark Grace in Casualty; the Marquis de Carabas in Neverwhere; Alan Johnson in Peep Show; Lyndon Jones in Green Wing; and Shorty in the first episode of Jericho. He also appeared in the acclaimed drama Sex Traffic, in the TV version of Kwame Kwei-Armah's acclaimed play Elmina's Kitchen and in the Doctor Who episodes ""Bad Wolf"" and ""The Parting of the Ways"" as Rodrick, a contestant on a futuristic Weakest Link. He has also appeared in various supporting roles in Dead Ringers. In 2006 he appeared in the television sketch show That Mitchell and Webb Look, in which he played Simon, a contestant on the game show Numberwang. In 2007, Joseph played Space Marshall Clarke in two series of the BBC sci-fi sitcom Hyperdrive, and was Benjamin Maddox in the BBC drama series Jekyll. He also provided the voice of K.O. Joe in Chop Socky Chooks. In 2008, he played Greg Preston in Survivors, the BBC remake of the 1970s science fiction drama of the same name. He repeated the role for the second series in 2010, after which the programme was cancelled. Also in 2008, Joseph appeared as former hitman Patrick Finch in Series 1, Episode 5 of The Fixer. In 2009, he was the bookmakers' favourite to become Doctor Who's Eleventh Doctor, but the role was awarded to Matt Smith. Joseph provided the narration for the National Geographic series Mega Cities from 2005 to 2011, and Wild Russia in 2009. He played Tyler in the BBC Switch film Rules of Love in 2010. Joseph played DI Wes Layton in Law & Order: UK from 2013 to 2014. He played the messianic ""Holy Wayne"" Gilchrest on the original HBO dramatic series The Leftovers, which began airing in 2014, and he has recently portrayed General Arnold Gaines on You, Me and the Apocalypse. In 2016, Joseph narrated the BBC Two documentary Inside Obama's White House. He also took up the main role of Connor Mason in the television series Timeless, which ended in 2018. In 2000, Joseph appeared as Keaty in The Beach, which starred Leonardo DiCaprio. In 2005, he appeared as Giroux in Æon Flux, which starred Charlize Theron. In 2011, he returned to Doctor Who, where he appeared in the audio drama Earth Aid, playing Victor Espinosa. In November 2016 he played the title role in the BBC radio adaptation of the short story by Neil Gaiman, How the Marquis Got His Coat Back. Joseph had previously played the part of the Marquis de Carabas in the 1996 BBC TV six-part drama Neverwhere. Joseph lived in the Loire Valley with his French wife Emmanuelle and their son. He was a chef before becoming an actor. ,  Paterson Joseph  2021-12-23T22:38:25Z  Paterson D. Joseph (born 22 June 1964) is a British actor. He appeared in the Royal Shakespeare Company productions of King Lear and Love's Labour's Lost in 1990. On television he is best known for his roles in Casualty (1997–1998), as Alan Johnson in Channel 4 sitcom Peep Show (2003–2015), Green Wing (2004–2006), Survivors (2008–2010), Boy Meets Girl (2009), as DI Wes Layton in Law & Order: UK (2013–2014), as Holy Wayne in The Leftovers (2014–15), as DCI Mark Maxwell in Safe House (2015–2017), and as Connor Mason in Timeless (2016–2018). His film roles include The Beach (2000), Greenfingers (2001), Æon Flux (2005) and The Other Man (2008). He is also known for his various performances of the Marquis de Carabas in adaptations of Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere (1996). Joseph also has a recurring role in The Mosquito Coast, an Apple TV+ original series which began streaming on 30 April 2021. In 1991, Joseph won second prize in the Ian Charleson Awards, for his 1990 performances of Oswald in King Lear, Dumaine in Love's Labour's Lost, and the Marquis de Mota in The Last Days of Don Juan, all at the Royal Shakespeare Company. In 1992 he starred as Richard Henry in Blues for Mister Charlie by James Baldwin, directed by Greg Hersov at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. Joseph's theatre credits include the title role in Othello at the Royal Exchange, Manchester, as well as parts in Henry IV, King Lear, and Hamlet for a performance in New York City. In 2012 he played Brutus in a performance by the RSC of Julius Caesar set in Africa. In 2004 he undertook a project, filmed for Channel 4 in a documentary entitled My Shakespeare, to direct a version of Romeo & Juliet, using 20 young non-actors from the deprived Harlesden area of London. In 2006, he became a patron of OffWestEnd.com, a listings site for theatre outside the mainstream. Other stage appearances in 2006 and 2007 include the leads in The Royal Hunt of the Sun and The Emperor Jones at the Olivier Theatre, London. In 2015, Sancho: An Act of Remembrance, a solo play written and performed by Joseph and based on the life of Ignatius Sancho, was staged in Oxford and Birmingham, and toured in the US starting in October. In late 2019 and early 2020 Joseph starred as Ebenezer Scrooge at the Old Vic Theatre in London in their production of A Christmas Carol. He has played many roles in British television programmes, both drama and comedy. These include Reuben in William and Mary, alongside Martin Clunes; Mark Grace in Casualty; the Marquis de Carabas in Neverwhere; Alan Johnson in Peep Show; Lyndon Jones in Green Wing; and Shorty in the first episode of Jericho. Joseph also appeared in the acclaimed drama Sex Traffic (2004), in the 2005 TV version of Kwame Kwei-Armah's acclaimed play Elmina's Kitchen and in the Doctor Who episodes ""Bad Wolf"" and ""The Parting of the Ways"" as Rodrick, a contestant on a futuristic version of the Weakest Link game show. He has also appeared in various supporting roles in Dead Ringers. In 2006 he appeared in the television sketch show That Mitchell and Webb Look, in which he played Simon, a contestant on the game show Numberwang. In 2007, Joseph played Space Marshall Clarke in two series of the BBC sci-fi sitcom Hyperdrive, and was Benjamin Maddox in the BBC drama series Jekyll. Joseph also provided the voice of K.O. Joe in Chop Socky Chooks. In 2008, he played Greg Preston in Survivors, the BBC remake of the 1970s science-fiction drama of the same name. He repeated the role for the second series in 2010, after which the programme was cancelled. Also in 2008, Joseph appeared as former hitman Patrick Finch in Series 1, Episode 5 of The Fixer. In 2009, he was the bookmakers' favourite to become Doctor Who's Eleventh Doctor, but the role was awarded to Matt Smith. Joseph provided the narration for the National Geographic series Mega Cities from 2005 to 2011, and Wild Russia in 2009. He played Tyler in the BBC Switch film Rules of Love in 2010. Joseph played DI Wes Layton in Law & Order: UK from 2013 to 2014. He played the messianic ""Holy Wayne"" Gilchrest on the original HBO dramatic series The Leftovers, which began airing in 2014, and he has recently portrayed General Arnold Gaines on You, Me and the Apocalypse. In 2016, Joseph narrated the BBC Two documentary Inside Obama's White House. He also took up the main role of Connor Mason in the television series Timeless, which ended in 2018. In 2020, Joseph played the part of Prime Minister under the name of Kamal Hadley in the series of Noughts + Crosses. Filmed in Cape Town and set in a dangerous, alternate world where racism divides society, art imitating life, Noughts + Crosses follows two young people, Sephy and Callum, who are divided by their colour but united by love. The series ran for six episodes. In 2000, Joseph appeared as Keaty in adventure drama The Beach, which starred Leonardo DiCaprio. In 2005, Joseph appeared as Giroux in the science-fiction action film Æon Flux, which starred Charlize Theron. In 2011, Joseph returned to Doctor Who, where he appeared in the audio drama Earth Aid, playing Victor Espinosa. In November 2016 he played the title role in the BBC radio adaptation of the short story by Neil Gaiman, How the Marquis Got His Coat Back. Joseph had previously played the part of the Marquis de Carabas in the 1996 BBC TV six-part drama Neverwhere. He played the role of Colonel Arbuthnott in the Audible production of Murder on the Orient Express. Joseph read the BBC Radio 4 abridgement of George Lamming's 1953 debut novel In the Castle of My Skin first broadcast in December 2020. Joseph lived in the Loire Valley with his French wife Emmanuelle and their son, before moving to London. Before becoming an actor, Joseph worked as a chef. Joseph supports the Brazilian national football team.",1
Kristoffer Polaha,"Kristoffer Polaha  2016-01-09T15:26:04Z  Kristoffer Jon Polaha is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Jason Matthews in North Shore, Nathaniel ""Baze"" Bazile in Life Unexpected, and Henry Butler in Ringer. Polaha starred on ABC's mid-season replacement series, Miss Guided, and appeared in the Fox Network television series Tru Calling. He next played Nate Bazile, a bar owner who discovers he has a teenage daughter, on the series Life Unexpected, during its two season run. He played Henry Butler on the CW series Ringer until the series cancelation in 2012. Polaha starred as John Galt in Atlas Shrugged: Part III, which was released September 12, 2014.,  Kristoffer Polaha  2017-12-31T01:04:49Z  Kristoffer Jon Polaha (born February 18, 1977) is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Jason Matthews in North Shore, Nathaniel ""Baze"" Bazile in Life Unexpected, and Henry Butler in Ringer. Polaha starred on ABC's mid-season replacement series, Miss Guided, and appeared in the Fox Network television series Tru Calling. He next played Nate Bazile, a bar owner who discovers he has a teenage daughter, on the series Life Unexpected, during its two season. In late 2010, he signed a talent holding deal with CBS He played Henry Butler on the CW series Ringer until the series cancellation in 2012. Polaha starred as John Galt in Atlas Shrugged: Part III, which was released September 12, 2014. Polaha has worked in several original Hallmark Channel films starring opposite Meghan Markle in Dater's Handbook in 2016, and most recently in Rocky Mountain Christmas opposite Lindy Booth in December 2017. Polaha is a practicing Christian and spoke about how he fell away from his faith but a death defying experience made him believe again. Polaha is married to actress Julianne Morris since 2003. They have three sons together, Caleb (born 2004), Micah (born 2006), and Jude (born 2011).",1
Douglas Costa,"Douglas Costa  2019-01-01T13:07:52Z  Douglas Costa de Souza (Portuguese pronunciation: ; born 14 September 1990) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a winger for Italian club Juventus and the Brazil national team. He is known for his dribbling skills, speed and crossing ability. Costa started his career with Grêmio, before moving to Shakhtar Donetsk in January 2010 for a fee of €6 million. He won numerous trophies with Shakhtar, including a domestic treble in the 2010–11 season (Premier League, the Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup). In 2015, he joined Bayern for €30 million, where he won two consecutive league titles. He was loaned out to Juventus in 2017, and won a domestic double with the club in his first season. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent. A full international since 2014, Costa represented Brazil at the 2015 Copa América and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Born in Sapucaia do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Douglas began his career with Grêmio, joining the club at the age of 11. He made his debut for the club at the age of 18 in a 2–1 victory over Botafogo on 4 October 2008, scoring his first goal for the club in the same match. He completed the 2008 season with one goal in six matches. On 14 June 2009 he was given a red card in a 0–0 draw with Fluminense. On 29 November 2009, he netted the first goal in a 4–2 victory over Grêmio Recreativo Barueri. He joined Ukrainian side Shakhtar Donetsk on 10 January 2010. He made 37 appearances for Grêmio, including 28 league appearances, scoring twice. On 10 January 2010, Costa signed a five-year contract with Shakhtar Donetsk in a deal worth €6 million. His debut came in a UEFA Europa League tie against English side Fulham on 18 February which Shakhtar lost 2–1. He came on as a substitute in the 75th minute, replacing Jádson. His home debut came in the return leg on 25 February; he came on as 53rd-minute replacement for Willian, assisting Jádson for Shakhtar's equaliser in a 1–1 draw. Shakhtar lost the tie 3–2 on aggregate. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win against Metalist Kharkiv on 14 March 2010. On 28 March, he scored a goal in injury time in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv, then scored a goal in a 3–0 victory over Chornomorets Odesa on 25 April. On 1 May, Costa scored a late goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Zaporizhya. He scored Shakhtar's third goal in a 3–2 victory over Tavriya Simferopol on 9 May. In his first season with Shakhtar, Douglas made 15 appearances, including 13 league appearances, scoring five goals, all of which came in the league. Shakhtar won the 2009–10 Premier League title, Costa's first trophy with the club. Costa's first appearance in the 2010–11 season came in the 7–1 Super Cup win against Tavriya on 4 July. On 30 July, he netted a brace in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv. He scored the fourth goal in Shakhtar's 5–0 victory over PFC Sevastopol. On 28 September, he scored a penalty, and assisted two Luiz Adriano goals in a 3–0 UEFA Champions League victory over Portuguese club Braga. On 28 September, he scored a penalty in a 4–0 win against Arsenal Kyiv. On 16 February, he netted the second goal, and assisted the third for Luiz Adriano, in a 3–2 victory over Roma. Shakhtar won the tie 6–2 on aggregate. On 1 April, he scored a late goal in a 3–1 victory over Illichivets Mariupol. He came on as a 95th-minute substitute in Shakhtar's 2–0 Ukrainian Cup Final victory over Dynamo Kyiv on 25 May. Shakhtar managed to end the season as treble winners, winning the Premier League, Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup. Costa made a total of 39 appearances for the club, scoring seven goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and five of the goals came in the league. Shakhtar started the 2011–12 season with a 3–1 loss in the Super Cup to Dynamo Kyiv on 5 July. Costa played the full 90 minutes. His first goal of the season came on 9 September, scoring the final goal in a 5–1 victory against Volyn Lutsk. On 2 October, he scored the equalising goal in a 4–1 victory over Zorya Luhansk. On 6 November, he scored the first goal in a 2–0 win over Obolon Kyiv. On 27 November, he scored a penalty to open the scoring in a 5–0 victory over Karpaty Lviv. On 2 December, he netted a goal against Arsenal Kyiv in a comprehensive 5–0 win. On 11 December, he scored the first goal in a 4–0 win against Kryvbas. On 27 April, he scored a 90th-minute goal in a 4–3 victory over Volyn in the Ukrainian Cup. He made a 62nd-minute substitute appearance, replacing Henrikh Mkhitaryan, in Shakhtar's 2–1 extra time victory over Metalurh Donetsk. At the end of the season, Shakhtar won the Premier League and the Ukrainian Cup, Costa's third Premier League title success in his third year with the club. He played 34 matches, scoring six goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and all six of the goals came in the league. Costa opened the 2012–13 season with a goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Donetsk in the Super Cup, his second success in the Super Cup with Shakhtar. He scored his first league goal of the season on 3 November 2012 when he converted a 20th-minute penalty against Metalurh Zaporizhya; the match finished 2–0 thanks to a late goal by Luiz Adriano. On 24 November, Douglas came off the bench in the 55th minute, replacing team captain Darijo Srna, and netted a goal seven minutes later when he was played in by Armenian forward Henrikh Mkhitaryan, as Shakhtar defeated Hoverla Uzhhorod 5–1. During the group stages of the season's edition of Champions League, Costa only managed three substitute appearances, totaling 23 minutes played, as Shakhtar finished second in the group behind Serie A champions Juventus, while dumping holders Chelsea out of the competition. Following an underwhelming first half of the 2012–13 campaign, Costa came off the bench to score a vital goal in Shakhtar's 2–2 first leg draw with Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League Round of 16 tie on 13 February 2013. Costa made his season debut in the Super Cup. In mid-season, he helped Shakhtar win the 2014 United Supercup, a tournament between the top-two placed clubs from Russia and Ukraine, becoming the joint top scorer of the tournament. He helped the club win the Premier League and was a joint assist leader of the league with nine assists. Costa played 32 games and scored 5 goals in his final season at Shakhtar Donetsk. On 1 July 2015, Bayern Munich announced they had signed Costa for a transfer fee of €30 million. Costa signed a five-year contract. The €30 million transfer fee was the fourth-highest in Bayern's history. He was given the number 11 shirt previously worn by Xherdan Shaqiri. He made his debut as a starter on 1 August in the 2015 DFL-Supercup away to VfL Wolfsburg, crossing for Arjen Robben to open the scoring in an eventual 1–1 draw; he netted his attempt in the subsequent penalty shoot-out, but his team lost nonetheless. Costa scored his first Bundesliga goal in his first Bundesliga game in a 5-0 win against Hamburger SV. On 21 May 2016, Costa scored the winning kick of the penalty shootout against Borussia Dortmund to win the 2016 DFB-Pokal Final and secure a league and cup double for Bayern. Costa enjoyed a good first season at Bayern scoring seven goals in 43 matches throughout all competitions. He started the season in great form and had 12 assists in his first 13 games. Then he picked up a muscle injury, and missed the last four games before the winter break. After the winter break, Costa could not regain his former form. In 27 Bundesliga matches, Costa scored four goals and had 14 assists. Costa got a new manager when Bayern hired Carlo Ancelotti. He had enjoyed regular playing time under Pep Guardiola and was a regular starter, but Ancelotti preferred Franck Ribéry as the left winger. Costa had a hamstring and knee injuries during the season and played in 34 matches in all competitions. He scored seven goals in those matches and matching his scoring tally from last season and did play nearly 1,400 fewer minutes then the season before. Costa had a fall-out with the Bayern board when he complained publicly about his lack of playing time under Ancelotti. Costa said ""I speak to the club often,"" he said. ""We talk about my situation, if I'll stay here or if I have to find another team to play for. I'm not always that happy here. But soon we will find a situation."" Shortly before, Bayern president Uli Hoeneß, had accused Costa of attempting to earn himself an improved contract when Costa publicly revealed he was unsure about where his future lay and cited interest from the Premier League, La Liga, Ligue 1 and the Chinese Super League. On 12 July 2017, Costa joined Juventus on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season, for €6 million. Juventus has an option to make the move permanent on 1 July 2018, for an additional €40 million fee (plus €1M in bonuses). On 13 August, he made his club debut, coming on as a substitute in a 3–2 defeat to Lazio in the 2017 Supercoppa Italiana. On 14 October, he scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home defeat to Lazio. In his debut season he led the league in dribbles (106) and recorded the second-most assists (14) in Serie A. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent, signing Costa to a four-year deal for a fee of €40 million plus bonuses. On 16 September 2018, in a 2–1 home win over Sassuolo in Serie A, Costa was sent-off in injury time following an altercation with Federico Di Francesco. The two players had clashed in the build-up to Sassuolo's 91st minute consolation goal, scored by Khouma Babacar, following a late challenge on Di Francesco by Costa. As both players got up, Costa appeared to elbow Di Francesco and later attempted to headbutt him, before finally spitting in his face. Costa was initially booked for the headbutt, but the controversial incident was later reviewed by VAR officials, who alerted the referee of his subsequent actions, and as a result, he was sent off. Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri commented in the post-match press conference that Costa will be fined by the club. Costa later wrote a public apology on Instagram, stating ""I want to apologise to all the Juventus fans for this over the top reaction I had during today’s game. I also apologise to my teammates, who are always by my side, in good and bad times. It was ugly, I am aware of that and I apologise to everyone for that. I want to make clear that this isolated conduct has nothing to do with what I’ve shown throughout my career."" Two days later on 18 September, Costa was given a four-match Serie A ban for his elbow, attempted headbutt and spit on Federico Di Francesco. In November 2014, Costa was called up to the Brazil national team for the first time by coach Dunga, making his international debut against Turkey in Istanbul. In May 2015, Costa was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2015 Copa América. In the team's opening match, he came on as a substitute for Diego Tardelli and scored a stoppage-time winning goal against Peru, his first for the Seleção. In the quarter-final against Paraguay in Concepción, he replaced former Shakhtar teammate Willian for the final 30 minutes of a 1–1 draw, and then missed in the penalty shoot-out which eliminated Brazil. On 17 November, Costa scored his second goal for Brazil in 3–0 victory against Peru for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. Costa was initially included in Brazil's squad for the Copa América Centenario, but was forced to withdraw from the squad in late May 2016 after sustaining an injury to his left thigh; he was replaced by Kaká. On 14 June 2016, then-technical director Gilmar Rinaldi for the Brazilian Football Confederation, ""shortly after he was sacked"", stated that Bayern would let Costa play at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In May 2018, he was named in Tite's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Regarded as a promising prospect in his youth, in 2010, Costa was included in Don Balón's list of the 100 best young players born after 1989. A diminutive player, with a slender build and an eye for goal, he initially played as a forward or attacking midfielder in his early career, but later stablished himself as a versatile winger, capable of playing on either flank, and of adapting himself to several different formations, due to his energy and work-rate, as well as his powerful and accurate striking ability from distance with either foot; however, he usually favours the right wing, as it enables to cut into the centre onto his stronger left foot. Nicknamed the Flash, he is mainly known for his speed, agility, and explosive acceleration, both with and without the ball, as well as his dribbling skills, technical ability, creativity, and trickery in possession, which enable him to beat opponents in one on one situations. A creative player, he is also highly regarded for his crossing ability from the left flank, which makes him an excellent assist provider. Shakhtar Donetsk Bayern Munich Juventus Brazil U20,  Douglas Costa  2020-12-21T20:14:46Z  Douglas Costa de Souza (Portuguese pronunciation: ; born 14 September 1990) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a winger for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich, on loan from Serie A club Juventus, and the Brazil national team. He is known for his dribbling skills, speed, acceleration, and crossing ability. Costa started his career with Grêmio, before moving to Shakhtar Donetsk in January 2010 for a fee of €6 million. He won numerous trophies with Shakhtar, including a domestic treble in the 2010–11 season (Premier League, the Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup). In 2015, he joined Bayern for €30 million, where he won two consecutive league titles. He was loaned out to Juventus in 2017, and won a domestic double with the club in his first season. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent; he added another two consecutive league titles in his next two seasons with the club, as well as a Supercoppa Italiana title. On deadline day of the 2020 summer transfer window, Costa returned to Bayern Munich on loan. A full international since 2014, Costa represented Brazil at the 2015 Copa América and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Born in Sapucaia do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Douglas began his career with Grêmio, joining the club at the age of 11. He made his debut for the club at the age of 18 in a 2–1 victory over Botafogo on 4 October 2008, scoring his first goal for the club in the same match. He completed the 2008 season with one goal in six matches. On 14 June 2009 he was given a red card in a 0–0 draw with Fluminense. On 29 November 2009, he netted the first goal in a 4–2 victory over Grêmio Recreativo Barueri. He joined Ukrainian side Shakhtar Donetsk on 10 January 2010. He made 37 appearances for Grêmio, including 28 league appearances, scoring twice. On 10 January 2010, Costa signed a five-year contract with Shakhtar Donetsk in a deal worth €6 million. His debut came in a UEFA Europa League tie against English side Fulham on 18 February which Shakhtar lost 2–1. He came on as a substitute in the 75th minute, replacing Jádson. His home debut came in the return leg on 25 February; he came on as 53rd-minute replacement for Willian, assisting Jádson for Shakhtar's equaliser in a 1–1 draw. Shakhtar lost the tie 3–2 on aggregate. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win against Metalist Kharkiv on 14 March 2010. On 28 March, he scored a goal in injury time in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv, then scored a goal in a 3–0 victory over Chornomorets Odesa on 25 April. On 1 May, Costa scored a late goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Zaporizhya. He scored Shakhtar's third goal in a 3–2 victory over Tavriya Simferopol on 9 May. In his first season with Shakhtar, Douglas made 15 appearances, including 13 league appearances, scoring five goals, all of which came in the league. Shakhtar won the 2009–10 Premier League title, Costa's first trophy with the club. Costa's first appearance in the 2010–11 season came in the 7–1 Super Cup win against Tavriya on 4 July. On 30 July, he netted a brace in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv. He scored the fourth goal in Shakhtar's 5–0 victory over PFC Sevastopol. On 28 September, he scored a penalty, and assisted two Luiz Adriano goals in a 3–0 UEFA Champions League victory over Portuguese club Braga. On 28 September, he scored a penalty in a 4–0 win against Arsenal Kyiv. On 16 February, he netted the second goal, and assisted the third for Luiz Adriano, in a 3–2 victory over Roma. Shakhtar won the tie 6–2 on aggregate. On 1 April, he scored a late goal in a 3–1 victory over Illichivets Mariupol. He came on as a 95th-minute substitute in Shakhtar's 2–0 Ukrainian Cup Final victory over Dynamo Kyiv on 25 May. Shakhtar managed to end the season as treble winners, winning the Premier League, Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup. Costa made a total of 39 appearances for the club, scoring seven goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and five of the goals came in the league. Shakhtar started the 2011–12 season with a 3–1 loss in the Super Cup to Dynamo Kyiv on 5 July. Costa played the full 90 minutes. His first goal of the season came on 9 September, scoring the final goal in a 5–1 victory against Volyn Lutsk. On 2 October, he scored the equalising goal in a 4–1 victory over Zorya Luhansk. On 6 November, he scored the first goal in a 2–0 win over Obolon Kyiv. On 27 November, he scored a penalty to open the scoring in a 5–0 victory over Karpaty Lviv. On 2 December, he netted a goal against Arsenal Kyiv in a comprehensive 5–0 win. On 11 December, he scored the first goal in a 4–0 win against Kryvbas. On 27 April, he scored a 90th-minute goal in a 4–3 victory over Volyn in the Ukrainian Cup. He made a 62nd-minute substitute appearance, replacing Henrikh Mkhitaryan, in Shakhtar's 2–1 extra time victory over Metalurh Donetsk. At the end of the season, Shakhtar won the Premier League and the Ukrainian Cup, Costa's third Premier League title success in his third year with the club. He played 34 matches, scoring six goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and all six of the goals came in the league. Costa opened the 2012–13 season with a goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Donetsk in the Super Cup, his second success in the Super Cup with Shakhtar. He scored his first league goal of the season on 3 November 2012 when he converted a 20th-minute penalty against Metalurh Zaporizhya; the match finished 2–0 thanks to a late goal by Luiz Adriano. On 24 November, Douglas came off the bench in the 55th minute, replacing team captain Darijo Srna, and netted a goal seven minutes later when he was played in by Armenian forward Henrikh Mkhitaryan, as Shakhtar defeated Hoverla Uzhhorod 5–1. During the group stages of the season's edition of Champions League, Costa only managed three substitute appearances, totaling 23 minutes played, as Shakhtar finished second in the group behind Serie A champions Juventus, while dumping holders Chelsea out of the competition. Following an underwhelming first half of the 2012–13 campaign, Costa came off the bench to score a vital goal in Shakhtar's 2–2 first leg draw with Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League Round of 16 tie on 13 February 2013. Costa made his season debut in the Super Cup. In mid-season, he helped Shakhtar win the 2014 United Supercup, a tournament between the top-two placed clubs from Russia and Ukraine, becoming the joint top scorer of the tournament. He helped the club win the Premier League and was a joint assist leader of the league with nine assists. Costa played 33 games in all competitions and scored 5 goals in his final season at Shakhtar Donetsk, including a goal in a 7–0 away win over BATE Borisov in the Champions League. He also played in both matches in the Champions League round of 16 against Bayern Munich. On 1 July 2015, Bayern Munich announced they had signed Costa for a transfer fee of €30 million. Costa signed a five-year contract. The €30 million transfer fee was the fourth-highest in Bayern's history. He was given the number 11 shirt previously worn by Xherdan Shaqiri. He made his debut as a starter on 1 August in the 2015 DFL-Supercup away to VfL Wolfsburg, crossing for Arjen Robben to open the scoring in an eventual 1–1 draw; he netted his attempt in the subsequent penalty shoot-out, but his team lost nonetheless. Costa scored his first Bundesliga goal in his first Bundesliga game in a 5–0 win against Hamburger SV. On 21 May 2016, Costa scored the winning kick of the penalty shootout against Borussia Dortmund to win the 2016 DFB-Pokal Final and secure a league and cup double for Bayern. Costa enjoyed a good first season at Bayern scoring seven goals in 43 matches throughout all competitions. He started the season in great form and had 12 assists in his first 13 games. Then he picked up a muscle injury, and missed the last four games before the winter break. After the winter break, Costa could not regain his former form. In 27 Bundesliga matches, Costa scored four goals and had 14 assists. Costa got a new manager when Bayern hired Carlo Ancelotti. He had enjoyed regular playing time under Pep Guardiola and was a regular starter, but Ancelotti preferred Franck Ribéry as the left winger. Costa had a hamstring and knee injuries during the season and played in 34 matches in all competitions. He scored seven goals in those matches and matching his scoring tally from last season and did play nearly 1,400 fewer minutes than the season before. Costa had a fall-out with the Bayern board when he complained publicly about his lack of playing time under Ancelotti. Costa said ""I speak to the club often,"" he said. ""We talk about my situation, if I'll stay here or if I have to find another team to play for. I'm not always that happy here. But soon we will find a situation."" Shortly before, Bayern president Uli Hoeneß, had accused Costa of attempting to earn himself an improved contract when Costa publicly revealed he was unsure about where his future lay and cited interest from the Premier League, La Liga, Ligue 1 and the Chinese Super League. On 12 July 2017, Costa joined Juventus on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season, for €6 million. Juventus has an option to make the move permanent on 1 July 2018, for an additional €40 million fee (plus €1M in bonuses). On 13 August, he made his club debut, coming on as a substitute in a 3–2 defeat to Lazio in the 2017 Supercoppa Italiana. On 14 October, he scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home defeat to Lazio. In his debut season he scored four goals in Serie A in 31 appearances, and two goals in five appearances in the Coppa Italia (one of which came in Juventus's 4–0 victory over Milan in the 2018 Coppa Italia Final, at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, on 9 May), recording six goals in 47 appearances across all competitions, as Juventus won a domestic double; he also led the league in dribbles (106) and recorded the second-most assists (14) in Serie A. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent, signing Costa to a four-year deal for a fee of €40 million plus bonuses. On 16 September 2018, in a 2–1 home win over Sassuolo in Serie A, Costa was sent-off in injury time following an altercation with Federico Di Francesco. The two players had clashed in the build-up to Sassuolo's 91st minute consolation goal, scored by Khouma Babacar, following a late challenge on Di Francesco by Costa. As both players got up, Costa appeared to elbow Di Francesco and later attempted to headbutt him, before finally spitting in his face. Costa was initially booked for the headbutt, but the controversial incident was later reviewed by VAR officials, who alerted the referee of his subsequent actions, and as a result, he was sent off. Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri commented in the post-match press conference that Costa will be fined by the club. Costa later wrote a public apology on Instagram, stating ""I want to apologise to all the Juventus fans for this over the top reaction I had during today’s game. I also apologise to my teammates, who are always by my side, in good and bad times. It was ugly, I am aware of that and I apologise to everyone for that. I want to make clear that this isolated conduct has nothing to do with what I’ve shown throughout my career."" Two days later on 18 September, Costa was given a four-match Serie A ban for his elbow, attempted headbutt and spit on Federico Di Francesco. On 6 November 2019, Costa scored his first Champions League goal with Juventus in a 2–1 away win against Lokomotiv Moscow. On 20 July 2020, he made his 100th appearance for Juventus in a 2–1 home win over Lazio. On 5 October 2020, on deadline day, Bayern Munich announced the return of Costa on a season-long loan. On 28 November, he scored his first goal of the season in a 3–1 away win over Stuttgart. In November 2014, Costa was called up to the Brazil national team for the first time by coach Dunga, making his international debut against Turkey in Istanbul. In May 2015, Costa was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2015 Copa América. In the team's opening match, he came on as a substitute for Diego Tardelli and scored a stoppage-time winning goal against Peru, his first for the Seleção. In the quarter-final against Paraguay in Concepción, he replaced former Shakhtar teammate Willian for the final 30 minutes of a 1–1 draw, and then missed in the penalty shoot-out which eliminated Brazil. On 17 November, Costa scored his second goal for Brazil in 3–0 victory against Peru for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. Costa was initially included in Brazil's squad for the Copa América Centenario, but was forced to withdraw from the squad in late May 2016 after sustaining an injury to his left thigh; he was replaced by Kaká. On 14 June 2016, then-technical director Gilmar Rinaldi for the Brazilian Football Confederation, ""shortly after he was sacked"", stated that Bayern would let Costa play at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In May 2018, he was named in Tite's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Regarded as a promising prospect in his youth, in 2010, Costa was included in Don Balón's list of the 100 best young players born after 1989. A diminutive player, with a slender build and an eye for goal, he initially played as a forward or attacking midfielder in his early career, but later established himself as a versatile winger, capable of playing on either flank, and of adapting himself to several different formations, due to his energy and work-rate, as well as his powerful and accurate striking ability from distance with either foot; however, he usually favours the right wing, as it enables to cut into the centre onto his stronger left foot. Nicknamed the Flash, he is mainly known for his speed, agility, and explosive acceleration, both with and without the ball, as well as his dribbling skills, technical ability, creativity, and trickery in possession, which enable him to beat opponents in one on one situations. A creative player, he is also highly regarded for his crossing ability from the left flank, which makes him an excellent assist provider, despite not being particularly prolific in front of goal. His former Bayern Munich manager Guardiola once labelled him ""one of the best wingers in the world."" Despite his talent, however, his discipline, mentality, and consistency have been brought into question at times by managers and pundits. Shakhtar Donetsk Bayern Munich Juventus Brazil U20",1
Miss Curaçao,"Miss Curaçao  2007-02-15T02:25:32Z  Miss Curaçao is the long standing national female beauty pageant of the Caribbean island of Curaçao. The pageant started in 1963 and since then it had sent contestants to the Miss Universe and Miss World pageants. The organization started with the creation of the Curaçao Youth Beauty Contest Organization (CYBECO). Between 1997 and 2006 Sheida Wever, former Miss Curaçao 1985 who went to compete to the Miss Universe pageant that same year, organized the national pageant. Currently, the Curaçao Tourism Board holds the Miss Universe franchise and Reinilla Productions holds the Miss World franchise for Curaçao. Current Titleholders are Rychacviana Coffie, Miss Curaçao Universe, from Suffisant; and Fyrena Judica Hannah Martha, Miss Curaçao World, from Sun Valley. 1962-1963 Peggy Van Riet 1963-1964 Philomena Zielinski 1964-1965 Iris de Windt 1965-1966 Ninfa Palm 1966-1967 Elizabeth Sánchez 1967-1968 Imelda Thodé 1968-1969 Anne Marie Braafheid 1969-1970 Yvonne Wardekker 1970-1971 Nilva Maduro 1971-1972 Maria Vonhogen 1972-1973 Ingrid Prade 1973-1974 Ingeborg Zielinski 1974-1975 Catherine de Jongh 1975-1976 Jamine Fraites 1976-1977 Anneke Dijkhuizen 1977-1978 Regine Tromp 1978-1980 Solange de Castro 1980-1981 Hassana Samoud 1981-1982 Maria Maxima Croes 1982-1983 Minerva Hierons 1983-1984 Maybeline Snel 1984-1985 Susanne Verbrugge 1985-1986 Sheida Wever 1986-1987 Christine Sibilo 1987-1989 Anushka Cova 1989-1990 Anna Maria Mosteiro de Windt 1990-1991 Jaqueline Nelleke Josien Krijger 1991-1992 Mijanou de Paula 1992-1993 Elsa Roozendal 1993-1994 Jasmin Clifton 1994-1995 Maruschka Jansen 1995-1996 Vanessa Dorinda Mambi 1996-1997 Verna Angela Maria Vasquez 1997-1998 Natacha Tamara Bloem 1998-1999 Jouraine Gregoria Ricardo 1999-2000 Jozaine Marianella Wall 2000-2002 Fatima Maria Sint Jago 2002-2003 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia 2003-2005 Vanessa Maria Van Arendonk 2005- Rychacviana Coffie Curaçao had sent contestants to Miss Universe since 1963 with Philomena Zielinki, the second Miss Curaçao. Of all the 39 representatives from the island, 4 of them have placed in the semifinals and several have been favorites and strong contenders. 1966 Elizabeth Sanchez Miss Congeniality 1968 Anne Marie Braafheid First Runner Up 1976 Anneke Dijkhuizen Semifinalist 1991 Jaqcueline Nelleke Josien Krijger Semifinalist 1997 Verna Angela Maria Vasquez Fourth Runner up 1963 Philomena Zielinski 1964 Iris de Windt 1965 Ninfa Palm 1966 Elizabeth Sánchez 1967 Imelda Thodé 1968 Annemarie Braafheid 1969 Yvonne Wardekker 1970 Nilva Maduro 1971 Maria Vonhogen 1972 Ingrid Prade 1973 Ingeborg Zielinski 1974 Catherine de Jongh 1975 Jamine Fraites 1976 Anneke Dijkhuizen 1977 Regine Tromp 1978 Solange de Castro 1979 No participation 1980 Hassana Samoud 1981 Maria Maxima Croes 1982 Minerva Hierons 1983 Maybeline Snel 1984 Susanne Verbrugge 1985 Sheida Wever 1986 Christine Sibilo 1987 Viennaline Arvelo 1988 No participation 1989 Anna Mosteiro 1990 No participation 1991 Jacqueline Nelleke Josien Krijger 1992 Mijanou de Paula 1993 Elsa Roozendal 1994 Jasmin Clifton 1995 Maruschka Jansen 1996 Vanessa Dorinda Mambi 1997 Verna Angela Maria Vasquez 1998 Natacha Tamara Bloem 1999 Jouraine Gregoria Ricardo 2000 No participation 2001 Maria Fatima Sint Jago 2002 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia 2003 Vanessa Maria Van Arendonk 2004 Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes 2005 Rychacviana Coffie 2006 No participation Curaçao's debut in Miss World occurred in 1975. Usually the winner, a runner-up or hand picked delegate is send as the national representative. Of all the 25 representatives from the island, only 1 of them have placed in the semifinals and few have been favorites. Current Miss World Curaçao is Fyrena Martha, first runner-up of the 2005 pageant. 2000 Jozaine Marianella Wall Caribbean Queen of Beauty 2002 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia Semifinalist 1975 Elvira Bakker 1976 Viveca Marchena 1977 Xiomara Winklaar 1978 Silvana Trinidad 1979 No participation 1980 Soraida de Windt 1981 Mylene Gerard 1982 Vendetta Roozendal 1983 Yvette Domacasse 1984 Ivette Atacho 1985 Lidushka Curiel 1986 No participation 1987 Diana Fraai 1988 Anushka Cova 1989 Supharmy Sadjie 1990 Jacqueline Nelleke Josien Krijger 1991 Nashaira Desbarida 1992 Christina Bakhuis 1993 Sally Daflaar 1994 Marisa Bos 1995 Danique Regales 1996 Yandra Faulborn 1997 No participation 1998 Jearmeane Colastica 1999 No participation 2000 Jozaine Marianella Wall 2001 No participation 2002 Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia 2003 Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes 2004 Sue-Ann Stephanie Hudson 2005 No participation 2006 Fyrena Judica Hannah Martha Anne is the most successful Miss Curaçao ever, placing as First Runner-Up in Miss Universe 1968. The most loved beauty queen of Curaçao holds some records of the Miss Universe pageant; first, she became the second black contestant to become one of the Top 5 finalists; and she is the first ever black woman to attain the position of 1st Runner Up. The Miss Universe crown went that year to Brazil's Martha Vasconcellos. Curaçao's Verna Vasquez went to compete to Miss Universe 1997 in Miami Beach, Florida. She was the favorite contestant to win the crown, she made the semifinals after obtaining the highest score of the preliminary competition. During the finals, Verna reached the first position in the Evening Gown competition and won the Best in Swimsuit award. Verna entered the Top 6 with the second highest score but finished as the 4th Runner Up, after a middling interview score. Many people believe that Verna should have been Miss Universe 1997 instead of the eventual winner, Brook Mahealani Lee from Hawaii, USA. Jozaine Marianella Wall is one of the two Miss Curaçao that did not attend the Miss Universe pageant. She was 17 years old at the time she won the national pageant which unabled her to compete at this pageant whose minimum age is 18. After a legal battle with the organizers, Jozaine was sent to the Miss World 2000 pageant in London, United Kingdom. Over there, she became a favorite and was considered as the best contestant from the Caribbean Isles. She did not place in the Top Ten, but she managed to win the Queen of the Caribbean Isles title which proved that she was very near in reaching the select group of semifinalists. Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia competed at Miss Universe 2002 celebrated in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Since her election Ayanette became a strong favorite considered as the best black contestant of the pageant. Ayanette did not disappointed her fans, during the competition she was cataloged as one of the three most beautiful faces of the pageant, along with the dethroned winner of Miss Universe 2002, Oxana Fedorova. Even though she manage to give an outstanding presentation Curaçao's name was not called in the semifinals of Miss Universe 2002 which was a shock by many. After Miss Universe, Ayanette was sent to the Miss World 2002 pageant held in Nigeria, she arrived late because of some problems with her flight, and again Ayanette became a strong favorite. This time, Ayanette became Curaçao's first and only semifinalist so far in Miss World. Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes was the first runner-up of the 2003 Miss Curaçao pageant won by Vanessa Maria Van Arendonk. With her placement she had the duty to represent Curaçao at the Miss World 2003 pageant held in Sanya, People's Republic of China. Angeline's beauty impressed many people around the world making her one of the strongest contestants of the Caribbean region. After her great performance in Miss World, a group of fans and friends from around the world made a formal petition to Sheida Wever, president of the national pageant, to send her to the Miss Universe pageant. Angeline was chosen as Curaçao's representative to the Miss Universe 2004 pageant held in Quito, Ecuador. Angeline went to the two most important international beauty pageants in the world without even winning the national pageant, and she achieved to become a favorites in both. Rychacviana Coffie won the 2005 Miss Curaçao pageant,she was crowned by Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes. Seven contestants participated in the pageant where Rychacviana was the obvious frontrunner of the competition. She went to the Miss Universe 2005 pageant held in Bangkok, Thailand where she was raved by fans and considered along with Shermain Sunja Jeremy (Miss Antigua and Barbuda) as the best black contestants of the pageant. She did an outstanding presentation which was predictable because Rychacviana won in 2002 the Miss Intercontinental pageant in Germany. Rychacviana is one of the most recognized and best models of her native Curaçao, walking in the runways of Milan and Paris for prestigious modelling agencies. She still holds the crown after the organization failed to stage a national pageant in 2006.,  Miss Curaçao  2008-12-17T15:56:29Z  Miss Curaçao (In Papiamentu: Miss Kòrsou) is the long standing national female beauty pageant of the Caribbean island of Curaçao. The pageant started in 1963 and since then it had sent contestants to the Miss Universe and Miss World pageants. The organization started with the creation of the Curaçao Youth Beauty Contest Organization (CYBECO). Between 1997 and 2006 Sheida Wever, former Miss Curaçao 1985 who went to compete to the Miss Universe pageant that same year, organized the national pageant. Currently, the Curaçao Tourism Board holds the Miss Universe franchise and every year they have a bidding to choose who is going to organize the Miss Curaçao Universe Pageant, Sanjess Promotions run by Jearmeane Colastica organized it in 2007 and 2008. In 2008, the Curaçao Beauty Organization presided by Aubrey America won the bid to organize the Miss Curaçao 2009 pageant which will be produced jointly with Hart & Private Productions. Reinilla Productions Developments (ReProD) holds the Miss World franchise for Curaçao. On November 22, Miss Curaçao Universe 2009 took place in World Trade Center (WTC), and Miss Ashanta Mafalda Macauly won. Current Titleholders are Ashanta Macauly, Miss Curaçao Universe 2009; and Norayla Maria Francisco, Miss World Curaçao. Curaçao had sent contestants to Miss Universe since 1963 with Philomena Zielinki, the second Miss Curaçao. Of all the 40 representatives from the island, 4 of them have placed in the semifinals. Current Miss Universe Curaçao is Ashanta Mafalda Macauly. Curaçao's debut in Miss World occurred in 1975. Usually the winner, a runner-up or hand picked delegate is send as the national representative. Of all representatives from the island, 1 of them placed in the semifinals in 2002 and two won special awards in 2000 and 2008. Since 2007, a national winner is selected for this international pageant, current Miss World Curaçao is Norayla Maria Francisco. Curaçao's debut in Miss International occurred in 1971. Of the 7 representatives from the island, only 1 of them have placed in the semifinals. The island had been absent in this pageant since 2002. Curaçao's debuted in Miss Earth in 2006. Curaçao's debuted in Miss Tourism Queen International in 2007. Anne is the most successful Miss Curaçao ever, placing as First Runner-Up in Miss Universe 1968. She holds some Miss Universe records; first, she became the second black contestant to become one of the Top 5 finalists; and she is the first ever black woman to attain the position of 1st Runner Up. The Miss Universe crown went that year to Brazil's Martha Vasconcellos. Curaçao's Verna Vasquez went to compete to Miss Universe 1997 in Miami Beach, Florida. She made the semifinals after obtaining the highest score of the preliminary competition. During the finals, Verna reached the first position in the Evening Gown competition and won the Best in Swimsuit award. Verna entered the Top 6 with the second highest score but finished as the 4th Runner Up, after a middling interview score. Jozaine Marianella Wall is one of the two Miss Curaçao that did not attend the Miss Universe pageant. She was 17 years old at the time she won the national pageant which unabled her to compete at this pageant whose minimum age is 18. After a legal battle with the organizers, Jozaine was sent to the Miss World 2000 pageant in London, United Kingdom. She did not place in the Top Ten, but she managed to win the Queen of the Caribbean Isles title. Ayanette Mary-Ann Ileana Statia competed at Miss Universe 2002 celebrated in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Since her election Ayanette became a strong favorite considered as the best black contestant of the pageant, but Curaçao's name was not called in the semifinals of Miss Universe 2002. After Miss Universe, Ayanette was sent to the Miss World 2002 pageant held in Nigeria, she arrived late because of some problems with her flight. This time, Ayanette became Curaçao's first and only semifinalist so far in Miss World. Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes was the first runner-up of the 2003 Miss Curaçao pageant won by Vanessa Maria Van Arendonk. With her placement she had the duty to represent Curaçao at the Miss World 2003 pageant held in Sanya, People's Republic of China. After her performance in Miss World, a group of fans and friends from around the world made a formal petition to Sheida Wever, president of the national pageant, to send her to the Miss Universe pageant. Angeline was chosen as Curaçao's representative to the Miss Universe 2004 pageant held in Quito, Ecuador. Angeline went to the two most important international beauty pageants in the world without even winning the national pageant, she received favorable reviews in both contests. Rychacviana Coffie won the 2005 Miss Curaçao pageant,she was crowned by Angeline Fernandine Da Silva Goes. Seven contestants participated in the pageant. She went to the Miss Universe 2005 pageant held in Bangkok, Thailand and received favorable reviews. Rychacviana won in 2002 the Miss Intercontinental pageant in Germany.",1
Nuno_Rogeiro,"Nuno_Rogeiro  2009-03-10T23:25:10Z   Nuno Rogeiro was born on the 13th december 1957 and is a Portuguese journalist, pundit, geopolitics expert, and professor. Rogeiro studied at the secondary school Liceu Pedro Nunes in Lisbon. Subsequently he graduated in law at the University of Lisbon. Nuno Rogeiro was an international relations teacher at the Lusíada University in Lisbon. He worked in multiple positions for several Portuguese newspapers like O Dia, A Rua, O Século, and O Diabo. In addition, he wrote for O Independente newspaper and K magazine during the 1990s, and worked for TSF and Rádio Comercial radios. However, it was in television that Nuno Rogeiro reached notability as a geopolitics expert and a commentator in international political and military issues. Nuno Rogeiro started his career on the television, working for Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP) in 1989. During the 1991 Gulf War, Rogeiro appeared on a daily basis to comment the conflict. In 1992, he wrote Política for the collection O que é, published by Quimera. In 2003, with the eruption of the 2003 Iraq War, Nuno Rogeiro was invited by SIC TV channel, a surprise since he had always worked with RTP before then. After the 9/11 attacks in the United States, Nuno Rogeiro wrote O Inimigo Público - Carl Schmitt, Bin Laden e o Terrorismo Pós-Moderno, which was published in 2003. Along with Martim Cabral, Nuno Rogeiro presents the television programme Sociedade das Nações in SIC Notícias. He has been invited for conferences on international affairs worldwide. ,  Nuno_Rogeiro  2011-03-31T00:35:18Z   Nuno Rogeiro (born December 13, 1957) is a Portuguese journalist, pundit, geopolitics expert, and professor. Rogeiro studied at the secondary school Liceu Pedro Nunes in Lisbon. Subsequently he graduated in law at the University of Lisbon. Nuno Rogeiro was an international relations teacher at the Lusíada University in Lisbon. He worked in multiple positions for several Portuguese newspapers like O Dia, A Rua, O Século, and O Diabo. In addition, he wrote for O Independente newspaper and K magazine during the 1990s, and worked for TSF and Rádio Comercial radios. However, it was in television that Nuno Rogeiro reached notability as a geopolitics expert and a commentator in international political and military issues. Nuno Rogeiro started his career on the television, working for Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP) in 1989. During the 1991 Gulf War, Rogeiro appeared on a daily basis to comment the conflict. In 1992, he wrote Política for the collection O que é, published by Quimera. In 2003, with the eruption of the 2003 Iraq War, Nuno Rogeiro was invited by SIC TV channel, a surprise since he had always worked with RTP before then. After the 9/11 attacks in the United States, Nuno Rogeiro wrote O Inimigo Público - Carl Schmitt, Bin Laden e o Terrorismo Pós-Moderno, which was published in 2003. Along with Martim Cabral, Nuno Rogeiro presents the television programme Sociedade das Nações in SIC Notícias. He has been invited for conferences on international affairs worldwide. Rogeiro co-founded the magazine Futuro Presente with Jaime Nogueira Pinto.",0
Savills Chase,"Savills Chase  2018-05-01T10:44:33Z  The Leopardstown Christmas Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of about 3 miles (4,828 metres), and during its running there are seventeen fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year during the Christmas Festival meeting in late December. It was first run over its present distance in 1992, when it became known as the Ericsson Chase. This replaced an earlier event, the Black and White Whisky Champion Chase, which had been run mostly over 2½ miles since 1986. From 2004 to 2016 the race was sponsored by Lexus and run as the Lexus Chase. The company ended their sponsorship in November 2017 and the race took its current title. ,  Savills Chase  2019-12-31T16:19:55Z  The Savills Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of about 3 miles (4,828 metres), and during its running there are seventeen fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year during the Christmas Festival meeting in late December. It was first run over its present distance in 1992, when it became known as the Ericsson Chase. This replaced an earlier event, the Black and White Whisky Champion Chase, which had been run mostly over 2½ miles since 1986. From 2004 to 2016 the race was sponsored by Lexus and run as the Lexus Chase. The company ended their sponsorship in November 2017 and the race was run as the Leopardstown Christmas Chase. In 2018 the property company Savills took over the sponsorship and the race was given its present title.",1
Jessop_Saville_&_Company,"Jessop_Saville_&_Company  2008-08-07T00:13:50Z   The Sheffield based special steel makers Jessop Saville and Company was founded in 1929 following a merger of J. J. Saville and Co. , Limited and William Jessop and Company, both of these being long established in the trade and in the city. Thomas Jessop was born on 30th January 1804 at the family home in Blast Lane, Sheffield. The house was situated next to William Jessop’s works, the company, taking the name of the partners, being known as Mitchell, Raikes and Jessop. With expanding markets in the United States Thomas and his brothers joined the business in 1830 and just two years later the small crucible steelmakers became William Jessop & Sons. The business moved to a site in the Brightside area of Sheffield and later a works at Kilnhurst was added. The Brightside works eventually covered 30 acres and included the site of the former water works. Following the deaths of his father and brothers, Thomas was in sole charge of the business by 1871. The company which was originally established in 1793 became a Limited Company in 1875. Thomas Jessop died on 30th November 1887 and is buried in Ecclesall Parish Churchyard. Jessops in America. In 1901, with problems in Sheffield caused by the high price of fuel and an adverse American tariff the company was having difficulty offering competitive prices to its U. S. customers. Following an amalgamation of some U. S. crucible steel makers, which would make competition even harder, it was considered that a successful melting facility could be set up in the U. S. A. Many British steelmakers considered that the ""Made in England"" or ""Made in Sheffied"" marks were a big selling point for their materials, however Jessop's did not hold the view and considered that they could use their Sheffield name on steel which was made in America. J. J. Saville were Sheffield crucible steel and file makers based at Libau Works in the city. It was seen in the mid-1960s that some rationalisation was needed within the Sheffield steel industry, particularly steel founding. With respect to this Jessop Saville separated its interests. Similar moves were taking place at Samuel Osborn & Company, Edgar Allen and Company and Hadfields Limited. The intention was to merge the foundry interests of the four companies to form one large steel foundry with the capability of making castings from a few ounces to 40 tons, with only English Steel Corporation's Grimesthorpe foundry in the city able to make larger. As negotiations were taking place the deal fell through leaving Osbourne's and Hadfield's to merge, with the foundry being located on Hadfield's East Hecla (Vulcan Road) site, and Edgar Allen's to purchase Jessop's, relocating Jessop's special alloy (medium frequency) melting on Edgar's Sheffield Road site and the 3-ton electric furnace at their Imperial Steel Works site. Following the end of World War 2, Service Camps were set up to house returning troops, Polish soldiers, prisoners of war, teachers and building craftsmen in training. From 1946 Whiston Grange, near Rotherham, was used for this purpose, however, by 1950, it had become a research centre for the company. Special Steels, Titanium and its alloys. Research work on Jessop's alloys and special materials for the aerospace industry was carried out in the laboratories, and it was also here that the initial work on the casting of Titanium and its alloys took place. The tie-up with Edgar Allen released foundry space at Brightside Lane and in early 1967 it was decided to convert the research carried out at Whiston Grange into the installation of the world's first commercial casting plant for titanium and titanium alloys on the Brightside Lane site. In the late 1960s, BSA, the owners of Jessop Saville, sold their titanium interests to IMI who absorbed Jessop's alloys into their range. The Brightside Lane site was closed in the late 1980s and cleared. It laid dormant for several years before being sold and laid out as an office park, being known as ""Jessop's Riverside"". In February 1998, Special Melted Products Limited, a Sheffield based melting and remelting specialists, and Jessop Saville Limited were acquired by Allgeheny Teledyne. Of particular interest to the buyers were Jessops specialist products, particularly their non-magnetic drill collars and downhole components for the oil and gas industry. Situated in Figtree Lane, in Sheffield city centre, a hospital for sick women was founded by three local doctors. Having only six beds, later extended to nine, it soon outgrew the building (which still stands and in use as solicitors offices) and a search was made for land on which to build a new hospital. A site was found in Levygreave, then on the edge of the city centre, and in 1875, Thomas Jessop provided the funds to buy the site and build a hospital for sick women. The hospital, which was opened in 1878, and named after its benefactor, closed in 2000. The site is now being used by the University of Sheffield Biosciences Department and a new women's wing, known as The Jessop Wing, was aded to the city's Royal Hallamshire Hospital. Thomas Jessop, along with others within the city's steel industry, supported the setting up of Sheffield Technical School in 1884. This, in 1905, became the embreo of the University of Sheffield. ,  Jessop_Saville_&_Company  2009-07-22T17:30:39Z   Jessop Saville and Company the Sheffield based special steel makers was founded in 1929 following a merger of J. J. Saville and Co. , Limited and William Jessop and Company, both of these being long established in the trade and in the city. Thomas Jessop was born on 30 January 1804 at the family home in Blast Lane, Sheffield. The house was situated next to William Jessop’s works, the company, taking the name of the partners, being known as Mitchell, Raikes and Jessop. With expanding markets in the United States Thomas and his brothers joined the business in 1830 and just two years later the small crucible steelmakers became William Jessop & Sons. The business moved to a site in the Brightside area of Sheffield and later a works at Kilnhurst was added. The Brightside works eventually covered 30 acres (120,000 m2) and included the site of the former water works. Following the deaths of his father and brothers, Thomas was in sole charge of the business by 1871. The company which was originally established in 1793 became a Limited Company in 1875. Thomas Jessop died on 30 November 1887 and is buried in Ecclesall Parish Churchyard. Jessops in America. In 1901, with problems in Sheffield caused by the high price of fuel and an adverse American tariff the company was having difficulty offering competitive prices to its U. S. customers. Following an amalgamation of some U. S. crucible steel makers, which would make competition even harder, it was considered that a successful melting facility could be set up in the U. S. A. Many British steelmakers considered that the ""Made in England"" or ""Made in Sheffield"" marks were a big selling point for their materials, however Jessop's did not hold the view and considered that they could use their Sheffield name on steel which was made in America. J. J. Saville were Sheffield crucible steel and file makers based at Libau Works in the city. It was seen in the mid-1960s that some rationalisation was needed within the Sheffield steel industry, particularly steel founding. With respect to this Jessop Saville separated its interests. Similar moves were taking place at Samuel Osborn & Company, Edgar Allen and Company and Hadfields Limited. The intention was to merge the foundry interests of the four companies to form one large steel foundry with the capability of making castings from a few ounces to 40 tons, with only English Steel Corporation's Grimesthorpe foundry in the city able to make larger. As negotiations were taking place the deal fell through leaving Osbourne's and Hadfield's to merge, with the foundry being located on Hadfield's East Hecla (Vulcan Road) site, and Edgar Allen's to purchase Jessop's, relocating Jessop's special alloy (medium frequency) melting on Edgar's Sheffield Road site and the 3-ton electric furnace at their Imperial Steel Works site. Following the end of World War 2, Service Camps were set up to house returning troops, Polish soldiers, prisoners of war, teachers and building craftsmen in training. From 1946 Whiston Grange, near Rotherham, was used for this purpose, however, by 1950, it had become a research centre for the company. Special Steels, Titanium and its alloys. Research work on Jessop's alloys and special materials for the aerospace industry was carried out in the laboratories, and it was also here that the initial work on the casting of Titanium and its alloys took place. The tie-up with Edgar Allen released foundry space at Brightside Lane and in early 1967 it was decided to convert the research carried out at Whiston Grange into the installation of the world's first commercial casting plant for titanium and titanium alloys on the Brightside Lane site. In the late 1960s, BSA, the owners of Jessop Saville, sold their titanium interests to IMI who absorbed Jessop's alloys into their range. The Brightside Lane site was closed in the late 1980s and cleared. It laid dormant for several years before being sold and laid out as an office park, being known as ""Jessop's Riverside"". In February 1998, Special Melted Products Limited, a Sheffield based melting and remelting specialists, and Jessop Saville Limited were acquired by Allegheny Teledyne. Of particular interest to the buyers were Jessops specialist products, particularly their non-magnetic drill collars and downhole components for the oil and gas industry. Situated in Figtree Lane, in Sheffield city centre, a hospital for sick women was founded by three local doctors. Having only six beds, later extended to nine, it soon outgrew the building (which still stands and in use as solicitors offices) and a search was made for land on which to build a new hospital. A site was found in Levygreave, then on the edge of the city centre, and in 1875, Thomas Jessop provided the funds to buy the site and build a hospital for sick women. The hospital, which was opened in 1878, and named after its benefactor, closed in 2000. The site is now being used by the University of Sheffield Biosciences Department and a new women's wing, known as The Jessop Wing, was added to the city's Royal Hallamshire Hospital. Thomas Jessop, along with others within the city's steel industry, supported the setting up of Sheffield Technical School in 1884. This, in 1905, became the embryo of the University of Sheffield.",0
Yitzhak_Rager,"Yitzhak_Rager  2015-04-29T09:31:51Z   Yitzhak ""Ijo"" Rager (Hebrew: יצחק ""איז'ו"" רגר, 1932 – 1997) was an Israeli journalist, diplomat, and a Likud mayor of Beersheba. Rager was born in Cairo, though immediately after his birth, his family moved to Mandate Palestine and settled in Jerusalem. In his IDF service he reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and took part in the Six-Day War. Rager has 2 children: Eviatar Rager and Avishag Goldberger-rager , both living in Israel. After his discharge he worked in the mass media; among his posts were as European correspondent for Kol Israel, the Israeli national radio service; editor of the periodical HaYom; and general director of the Israel Broadcasting Authority. During that period, he was affiliated with the General Zionists, a centrist political party, and particularly aligned with Yitzhak Rokeach. On behalf of Israel's Foreign Service, Rager was posted to New York as a consul, focused on the international efforts to open the gates of emigration from the USSR for Soviet Jewry. Afterwards he was made world president of the State of Israel Bonds. As a business entrepreneur, Rager was among the founders of Kanyon HaNegev (lit. Negev Mall), the Negev's largest commercial center and one of the group established by Canadian developer David Azrieli. Its success was the source of some conflict in Beersheba: proponents touted the Kanyon's successful businesses and how the modernized facility offered local residents amenities comparable to the Westernized center of the country and abroad, purportedly raising their standard of living. However, the competition badly harmed the businesses of Beersheba's Old City, which have yet to recover. Yitzhak Rager, running as the Likud party's candidate, was elected to the mayoralty in 1989. He was re-elected and served until his death, a total of eight years. Through his efforts, in 1992 Beersheba was designated a prime development area, resulting in major strides in its advancement and the absorption of tens of thousands of new immigrants. In his memory, a principal thoroughfare in Beersheba was renamed Yitzhak Rager Boulevard. It connects Ben Gurion University of the Negev, the Soroka Medical Center, the Beersheba municipality, and the Negev Mall. Template:Persondata,  Yitzhak_Rager  2016-09-26T06:22:20Z   Yitzhak ""Ijo"" Rager (Hebrew: יצחק ""איז'ו"" רגר, 1932–1997) was an Israeli journalist, diplomat, and a Likud mayor of Beersheba. Rager was born in Cairo, though immediately after his birth, his family moved to Mandate Palestine and settled in Jerusalem. In his IDF service he reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and took part in the Six-Day War. Rager had two children: Eviatar Rager (born 1959) and Avishag Goldberger-Rager (born 1970), both of whom reside in Israel. After his discharge he worked in the mass media; among his posts were as European correspondent for Kol Israel, the Israeli national radio service, editor of the periodical HaYom and director-general of the Israel Broadcasting Authority. During that period, he was affiliated with the General Zionists, a centrist political party, and particularly aligned with Yitzhak Rokeach. On behalf of Israel's Foreign Service, Rager was posted to New York as a consul, where he focused on the international efforts to open the gates of emigration from the USSR for Soviet Jewry. Afterwards he was made world president of the State of Israel Bonds. As a business entrepreneur, Rager was among the founders of Kanyon HaNegev (lit. Negev Mall), the Negev's largest commercial center and one of the group established by Canadian developer David Azrieli. Its success was the source of some conflict in Beersheba. Proponents touted the Kanyon's successful businesses and how the modernized facility offered local residents amenities comparable to the Westernized center of the country and abroad, purportedly raising their standard of living. However, the competition badly harmed the businesses of Beersheba's Old City, which have yet to recover. Yitzhak Rager, running as the Likud party's candidate, was elected to the mayoralty in 1989. He was re-elected and served until a total of eight years until his death. Through his efforts, in 1992 Beersheba was designated a prime development area, resulting in major strides in its advancement and the absorption of tens of thousands of new immigrants. In his memory, a principal thoroughfare in Beersheba was renamed Yitzhak Rager Boulevard. It connects Ben Gurion University of the Negev, the Soroka Medical Center, the Beersheba municipality, and the Negev Mall.",0
Amarillo Wranglers (NAHL),"Amarillo Wranglers (NAHL)  2008-01-01T05:02:52Z  The Santa Fe Roadrunners is a junior ice hockey team that playes in Topeka, Kansas. They play in the North American Hockey League. Their home arena is Landon Arena. On 26 February 2007, the team announced their move to Topeka from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Poor attendance was said to be the reason for the move to Topeka. Santa Fe ranked 17th out of 18 teams in attendance. The move to Topeka was initiated by a grass roots effort, by hockey fans from Topeka. ,  Amarillo Wranglers (NAHL)  2009-11-26T18:54:18Z  The Topeka Roadrunners is a Tier II Junior A ice hockey team in the North American Hockey League's Southern Division. The team's home arena is the 7,777-seat Landon Arena in Topeka, Kansas. The Lone Star Cavalry were granted an expansion franchise in the America West Hockey League in March 2003. They stayed in the league when it merged with the North American Hockey League for the 2003-2004 season. The Cavalry played out of the Blue Line Ice Complex in North Richland Hills, Texas and served the immediate ""Mid-Cities"" area of Metro Dallas-Fort Worth. The Cavalry were part of the “new” NAHL’s South Division along with the Central Texas Blackhawks, Fairbanks Ice Dogs, Springfield (MO) Spirit, Texas Tornado, Texarkana Bandits and Wichita Falls Rustlers. After financial difficulties caused the Cavalry’s home rink, the Blue Line Ice Complex, to close, the Cavalry were left without a home, due to this and other factors the Cavalry ended up being sold and relocated to Santa Fe. The team was granted membership on September 20th,2004 and began play on September 25th,2004 under their new identity as the Santa Fe Roadrunners. The Santa Fe Roadrunners played out of the Genoveva Chavez Community Center in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In their inaugural season in New Mexico, the Roadrunners played in the South Division, against the Central Texas Marshals, Springfield (IL) Junior Blues, Springfield (MO) Spirit, Texarkana Bandits, Texas Tornado and the Wichita Falls Wildcats, finishing with a 33-15-8 record, good for 3rd place in the division. The following season they finished dead last in the South Division behind the Texas Tornado, Texarkana Bandits, Springfield (IL) Junior Blues, and the Wichita Falls Wildcats. The third and final season in Santa Fe saw the Roadrunners finishing with a 41-17-4 record for 2nd place in a South Division which consisted of the St. Louis Bandits, Texas Tornado, Fairbanks Ice Dogs, Wichita Falls Wildcats, and the Alaska Avalanche. On 26 February 2007, the team announced their move to Topeka from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Poor attendance was said to be the reason for the move to Topeka. Santa Fe ranked 17th out of 18 teams in attendance. The move to Topeka was initiated by a grass roots effort, led by hockey fans from Topeka. In 2005 Topeka Hockey 07' set a goal to obtain an interested owner to believe in the vision they had and be playing in Topeka in 2007 giving the franchise enough time to build a relationship with the city and its business community. Topeka Hockey '07 was founded by two guys with a passion for the game, Mike Cline and Jason ""The Bucketman"" Simonsen with the interest of finding an owner that could make money in Topeka. Topeka Hockey '07, had built a business model and sent out packets to teams in markets all across the country looking for one of them to either relocate or expand and buy a second franchise to play in the NAHL in Topeka, KS. In their first season in Topeka, 2007-2008, they were third in league attendance. That season the team won the NAHL South Division and South Division Playoffs. They finished in third place at the Robertson Cup competition. The 2008-2009 season saw the Roadrunners finishing fourth in league attendance and 2nd in the South Division. The team lost in the second round of the South Division playoffs. Retired numbers: The Topeka RoadRunners have officially retired one number in franchise history, the 11 of forward and team captain John Stoddard.",1
1986_State_of_Origin_series,"1986_State_of_Origin_series  2008-08-31T02:50:06Z   The 1986 State of Origin series was the 7th annual Australian Rugby League State of Origin series between New South Wales and Queensland. It was the year that New South Wales finally asserted a dominance and won the series in the first ever 3-0 Origin whitewash. It was an inauspicious introduction to Origin coaching for Wayne Bennett who soon afterwards began plotting a reversal of fortunes that would lead to a pending period of Queensland dominance. The Blues finally brought to Origin a passion that had hitherto been associated mainly with Queensland and fielded a formidable halves pairing in Peter Sterling and Brett Kenny that found the measure of Maroons star Wally Lewis. Blues hooker Royce Simmons typefied the newfound New South Wales' spirit when early in the opening game he was knocked senseless. He staggered back into position, falling over and regaining his feet then waving trainers away as he took his place in the defensive formation before pulling off a try-saving tackle on his own tryline soon after. The Blues led 12-2 early but by half-time the lead was cut to 12-10. Two minutes after the break Queensland forged to the front when prop Greg Dowling scored after centre Gene Miles recovered a Wally Lewis bomb. The Maroons then began to tire and Simmons scored from dummy half to spark a magnificent comeback. A mistake by Queensland winger Dale Shearer opened the door for Blues' centre Andrew Farrar to score his first Origin try and the Blues led 22-16 with 13 minutes remaining and were able to hold onto a lead. Queensland's preparation for game II was disrupted by injuries to kep players and selectors were forced to name one of the Maroons' most inexperienced line-ups. Before a record Origin crowd of 40,707 at the SCG, the class of Lewis and Queensland again led into the second half 16-12 after 52 minutes before Sterling and Kenny engineered a New South Wales onslaught. Man-of-the-match Sterling then threw a sweetly timed pass for Kenny to take New South Wales to an 18-16 lead and four minutes later second-rower Noel Cleal crashed over between the posts for an unassailable 24-16 scoreline. Queensland scored in the final minutes through Shearer but their hopes of a last-ditched victory were dashed. For the third year running the final match of the series was a Dead-rubber, but with Test positions on the line for the three clashes with New Zealand and the end of season Kangaroo tour plus the opportunity for New South Wales to become the first team to win 3-0, there was plenty to play for. The first half produced one of Origin's most frenetic periods. By the time the teams left the field at the break seven tries had been scored and the scores were locked at 16-all. In the second stanza no more tries were added. The game was controversially won by a Michael O'Connor penalty goal after referee Kevin Roberts had penalised Maroon's skipper Lewis for offside when he appeared to be injured and out of play. With the victory New South Wales enjoyed the first ever 3-0 series whitewash. ,  1986_State_of_Origin_series  2009-09-18T20:39:22Z   The 1986 State of Origin series was the 7th annual 'series contested between New South Wales and Queensland. It was the year that New South Wales finally asserted a dominance and won the series in the first ever 3-0 Origin whitewash. It was an inauspicious introduction to Origin coaching for Wayne Bennett who soon afterwards began plotting a reversal of fortunes that would lead to a pending period of Queensland dominance. The Blues finally brought to Origin a passion that had hitherto been associated mainly with Queensland and fielded a formidable halves pairing in Peter Sterling and Brett Kenny that found the measure of Maroons star Wally Lewis. Blues hooker Royce Simmons typefied the newfound New South Wales' spirit when early in the opening game he was knocked senseless, after a vicious hit by Queensland's Greg Dowling. He staggered back into position, falling over and regaining his feet then waving trainers away as he took his place in the defensive formation before pulling off a try-saving tackle on his own tryline soon after. The Blues led 12-2 early but by half-time the lead was cut to 12-10. Two minutes after the break Queensland forged to the front when prop Greg Dowling scored after centre Gene Miles recovered a Wally Lewis bomb. The Maroons then began to tire and Man Of The Match Royce Simmons scored from dummy half to spark a magnificent comeback, dummying past a bewildered Wally Lewis. A mistake by Queensland winger Dale Shearer opened the door for Blues' centre Andrew Farrar to score his first Origin try and the Blues led 22-16 with 13 minutes remaining and were able to hold onto a lead. Queensland's preparation for game II was disrupted by injuries to key players and selectors were forced to name one of the Maroons' most inexperienced line-ups. Before a record Origin crowd of 40,707 at the SCG, the class of Lewis and Queensland again led into the second half 16-12 after 52 minutes before Sterling and Kenny engineered a New South Wales onslaught. Man-of-the-match Sterling then threw a sweetly timed pass for Kenny to take New South Wales to an 18-16 lead and four minutes later second-rower Noel Cleal crashed over between the posts for an unassailable 24-16 scoreline. Queensland scored in the final minutes through Shearer but their hopes of a last-ditched victory were dashed. For the third year running the final match of the series was a Dead-rubber, but with Test positions on the line for the three clashes with New Zealand and the end of season Kangaroo tour plus the opportunity for New South Wales to become the first team to win 3-0, there was plenty to play for. The first half produced one of Origin's most frenetic periods. By the time the teams left the field at the break seven tries had been scored and the scores were locked at 16-all. In the second stanza no more tries were added. The game was controversially won by a Michael O'Connor penalty goal after referee Kevin Roberts had penalised Maroon's skipper Lewis for offside when he appeared to be injured and out of play. With the victory New South Wales enjoyed the first ever 3-0 series whitewash.",0
T3_Transit,"T3_Transit  2010-01-03T02:17:08Z   Charlottetown Transit is a Canadian public transport agency operating buses in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown Transit was founded in 2005, the 150th anniversary year of the city's incoporation. It is funded by the municipal, provincial and federal levels of government and provides service throughout the city's neighbourhoods. The name ""Charlottetown Transit"" is merely a marketing name and is not a legally incorporated company. All buses are owned by the City of Charlottetown but are operated under contract by privately owned Trius Tours Limited. Most buses are designed to have the appearance of a tram or streetcar and were constructed by Dupont Industries. The buses are smaller than conventional transit bus designs and must be able to navigate the narrower streets and intersections in the city's downtown core. Current operations have 7 bus routes running from Monday to Saturday as follows: ,  T3_Transit  2012-07-03T02:18:58Z   Charlottetown Transit is a Canadian public transport agency operating buses in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown Transit was founded in 2005, the 150th anniversary year of the city's incoporation. It is funded by the municipal and federal levels of government and provides service throughout the city's neighbourhoods. The province of Prince Edward Island does not provide transit subsidies toward the service. The last attempt at public transit was in the form of Charlottetown Urban Transit Systems Limited from late 1979 to 1981. The name ""Charlottetown Transit"" is merely a marketing name and is not a legally incorporated company. All buses are owned by the City of Charlottetown but are operated under contract by privately owned Trius Tours Limited. Most buses are designed to have the appearance of a tram or streetcar and were constructed by Dupont Industries (Thomas MVP EF Champlain 1608 LF and HF), as well as MCI Classic buses). The trolley buses are smaller than conventional transit bus designs and must be able to navigate the narrower streets and intersections in the city's downtown core. Current operations have 7 bus routes running from Monday to Saturday as follows:",0
Shantel VanSanten,"Shantel VanSanten  2008-05-02T22:38:04Z  Shantel VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American actress and model, she is best known for appearing on Sports Illustrated: Swimsuit Model Search. VanSanten was born in Spring, Harris County, Texas. Her father is Dutch-American, and her mother is Irish-American. ,  Shantel VanSanten  2009-12-26T22:43:30Z  Shantel Yvonne VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American actress and model. Her prominent roles include the television series Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Model Search and One Tree Hill and the films You and I, The Final Destination and Something Wicked. As a model, she has been featured in magazines such as Teen Vogue and Seventeen. VanSanten was born in Luverne, however, she was raised in Texas where she attended Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. While studying at University, Shantel also started her career as a model at the age of fifteen for the Page Parkes Management in Dallas, Texas. She then attended the Agent Review and while she was in college in Dallas, Shantel took acting courses, and was involved in stage productions. These experiences made VanSanten realize that acting was the thing for her. She appeared as a finalist on NBC's Reality Television Series Sports Illustrated: Swimsuit Model Search but was eliminated in the series first episode. In 2007, it was announced Shantel had signed on in a film adaption of the novel t. A.T.u. Come Back. Filming took place throughout 2007 in Los Angles, California and Moscow, Russia. She starred alongside Mischa Barton. The film has yet to have an official release date. In 2009, Shantel appeared as Lori Milligan in The Final Destination. The film is the final installment of the Horror Final Destination Trilogy. The film was released August 28, 2009 and debuted at #1 earning $28.3 million in its first weekend. The film released to negative reviews earned worldwide a successful $183.2 million. The film was released in 3-D in selected theatres worldwide. In 2009 she made a guest appearance in the television series CSI: NY in the episode She's Not There as Tara Habis. In 2009 she signed on as a series regular on The CW Teen Drama television series One Tree Hill as Quinn James in the series seventh season. The series seventh season premiered September 14, 2009.",1
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2011-01-01T16:09:50Z  Tianjin Teda FC (Simplified Chinese: 天津泰达足球俱乐部) is a Chinese football club based in Tianjin and owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area). The club was founded in 1957, and took on its current identity in 1998, becoming Jia B Champions that same year. They currently play in the Chinese Super League. Teda's home stadium is the 37,450 seat capacity TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. The current head coach is the former National Team Manager Arie Haan. Assistant coaches include former Chinese football top star Yu Genwei (于根伟), former midfielder Liu Xueyu (刘学宇) and former goalkeeper Wang Jianying (王建英). The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. All-Time League rankings no league games in 1959, 1966-72, and 1975; Tianjin didn't compete in 1992 Jia B but had kept their spot in the league FA Cup results CSL Cup results TEDA Football Stadium (Simplified Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. As of 4 August 2010 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: http://www.fa.org.cn  Super League 2010,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2012-12-29T02:01:01Z  Tianjin Teda FC (Chinese: 天津泰达足球俱乐部; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá zúqiú jùlèbù) is a professional Chinese football club based in Tianjin and are owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area). They currently participates in the Chinese Super League while their home stadium is the 37,450 capacity seater TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. Their current head coach is Alexandre Guimarães, the assistant coaches include former team captain Wang Xiao (王霄), former midfielder Liu Xueyu (刘学宇) and former goalkeeper of the Chinese national team Fu Bin (符宾). The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won one Chinese FA Cup Championship and has participated in several AFC Champions League competitions. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. The clubs first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team who ended up finishing fourth in their debut season. With the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former player Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however short lived and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lu Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues now fully professional by 1994, Tianjin would bring in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club where he guided them to a runners-up position and premotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club now back in the top tier they would soon gain their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995 while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998 the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area) would take over the club for 50 million Yuan, bring in the clubs first ever foreign coach and win premotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club would struggle to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league, while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons the Chinese FA decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also took into account the 2002 league results. Unfortunately for the Tianjin it would look like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season. While Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it rebranded itself as the Chinese Super League they achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season where, he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season the club would bring in Li Guangyi as their new general manager, however on August 18 the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the clubs pay system, which would have shrunken the player wages and it wasn't until the clubs owner Liu Huiwen heard the players representatives before the strike ended. After the strike the leaders of it such as Chinese international's Yang Jun, Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be fronzen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the clubs results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous seasons achievements. By the following season the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. All-Time League rankings no league games in 1959, 1966–72, and 1975; Tianjin didn't compete in 1992 Jia B but had kept their spot in the league FA Cup results CSL Cup results TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: http://www.fa.org.cn U-19 Team U-15 Team China Africa Asia Europe Central America South America Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons:  Champions League",1
Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne,"Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne  2008-09-21T12:32:22Z   The French Catholic diocese of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne has since 1966 been formally united with the archdiocese of Chambéry. While it has not been suppressed, and is supposed to be on a par with Chambéry and the diocese of Tarentaise, it no longer has a separate bishop or existence. Saint Gregory of Tours's ""De Gloria Martyrum"" relates how the church of Maurienne, belonging then to the Diocese of Turin, became a place of pilgrimage, after the holy woman Thigris or Thecla, a native of Valloires, had brought to it from the East a finger of St. John the Baptist. Saint Guntram, King of Burgundy, took from the Lombards in 574 the valleys of Maurienne and Suse (Susa Valley, or Val de Suse), and in 576 founded near the shrine a bishopric, detached from Turin, as suffragan of Vienne. Its first bishop was Felmasius. In 599 Gregory the Great made futile attempts to make Queen Brunehaut listen to the protests of the Bishop of Turin against this foundation. Pope Leo III made Darantasia a metropolis with three suffragans, Aosta, Sion (=Sitten), and Maurienne, but maintained the primacy of Vienne. A letter written by John VIII in 878 formally designated the Bishop of Maurienne as suffragan of Tarentaise, but for four centuries this primacy was the cause of conflicts between the archbishops of Tarentaise and the metropolitans of Vienna who continued to claim Maurienne as a suffragan see; subsequently under Callistus II (1120) Maurienne was again attached to the metropolis of Vienne. Local tradition claims as early bishops of Maurienne: St. Emilianus, martyred by the Saracens (736 or 738); St. Odilard, slain by the Saracens (916) together with St. Benedict, Archbishop of Embrun. After the Saracens had been driven out, the temporal sovereignty of the Bishop of Maurienne appears to have been very extensive, but there is no proof that such sovereignty had been recognized since Gontran's time. At the death of Rudolph III, Bishop Thibaut was powerful enough to join a league against Conrad II of Franconia. The emperor suppressed the See of Maurienne, and gave over its title and possessions to the Bishop of Turin (1038); but this imperial decree was never executed. Among the later bishops of Maurienne were: St. Ayroldus (1132-46), once a monk of the Charterhouse of Portes; Louis de La Palud (1441-50), who as Bishop of Lausanne had taken an active part at the Council of Basle in favour of the antipope Felix V, who named him Bishop of Maurienne in 1441 and afterwards cardinal, confirmed in both appointments by Nicholas V in 1449; John of Segovia (1451-72), who at the Council of Basle as representative of the King of Aragon had also worked for pope Felix V, was appointed by him cardinal in 1441, and whom pope Nicholas V gave ten years later the see of Maurienne; he is the author of ""Gesta Concilii Basileensis""; William d'Estouteville (1473-80), who was made cardinal in 1439 and as a pluralist held among other titles those of Maurienne and Rouen; Louis de Gorrevod (1499-1550) was made cardinal in 1530; Hippolyte d'Este (1560), made cardinal in 1538, acted as legate of Pius IV to the Council of Poissy, and built the famous Villa d'Este at Tivoli near Rome; Charles Joseph Fillipa de Martiniana (1757-79), made cardinal in 1778, was the first to whom Bonaparte, after the battle of Marengo, confided his intention of concluding a concordat with Rome; Alexis Billiet (1825-40), made cardinal in 1861. Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, took solemn possession of a canonry in the cathedral of Maurienne in 1564. Among the saints specially honoured in, or connected with, the diocese are: Saint Aper (Saint Avre), a priest who founded a refuge for pilgrims and the poor in the Village of St. Avre (seventh century); Blessed Thomas, b. at Maurienne, d. in 720, famous for rebuilding the Abbey of Farfa, of which the third abbot, Lucerius, was also a native of Maurienne; St. Marinus, monk of Chandor, martyred by the Saracens (eighth century); St. Landry, pastor of Lanslevillard (eleventh century), drowned in the Arc during one of his apostolic journeys; St. Bénézet, or Benoit de Pont (1165-84), b. at Hermillon in the diocese, and founder of the guild of Fratres Pontifices of Avignon; Blessed Cabert or Gabert, disciple of St. Dominic, who preached the Gospel for twenty years in the vicinity of AiguebelIe (thirteenth century). The chief shrines of the diocese were: Notre Dame de Charmaise, near Modane, Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle, near St-Jean-de-Maurienne, which dates from the sixteenth century, and Notre Dame de Beaurevers at Montaimon, dating from the seventeenth century. The Sisters of St. Joseph, a nursing and teaching order, with mother-house at St-Jean-de-Maurienne, are a branch of the Congregation of St. Joseph at Puy. At the end of the nineteenth century, they were in charge of 8 day nurseries and 2 hospitals. In Algeria, the East Indies, and the Argentine houses were fouded, controlled by the motherhouse at Maurienne. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help),  Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne  2009-11-08T17:15:44Z   The French Catholic diocese of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne has since 1966 been formally united with the archdiocese of Chambéry. While it has not been suppressed, and is supposed to be on a par with Chambéry and the diocese of Tarentaise, it no longer has a separate bishop or existence. Saint Gregory of Tours's ""De Gloria Martyrum"" relates how the church of Maurienne, belonging then to the Diocese of Turin, became a place of pilgrimage, after the holy woman Thigris or Thecla, a native of Valloires, had brought to it from the East a finger of St. John the Baptist. Saint Guntram, King of Burgundy, took from the Lombards in 574 the valleys of Maurienne and Suse (Susa Valley, or Val de Suse), and in 576 founded near the shrine a bishopric, detached from Turin, as suffragan of Vienne. Its first bishop was Felmasius. In 599 Gregory the Great made futile attempts to make Queen Brunehaut listen to the protests of the Bishop of Turin against this foundation. Pope Leo III made Darantasia a metropolis with three suffragans, Aosta, Sion (=Sitten), and Maurienne, but maintained the primacy of Vienne. A letter written by John VIII in 878 formally designated the Bishop of Maurienne as suffragan of Tarentaise, but for four centuries this primacy was the cause of conflicts between the archbishops of Tarentaise and the metropolitans of Vienna who continued to claim Maurienne as a suffragan see; subsequently under Callistus II (1120) Maurienne was again attached to the metropolis of Vienne. Local tradition claims as early bishops of Maurienne: Saint Emilianus, martyred by the Saracens (736 or 738); St. Odilard, slain by the Saracens (916) together with St. Benedict, Archbishop of Embrun. After the Saracens had been driven out, the temporal sovereignty of the Bishop of Maurienne appears to have been very extensive, but there is no proof that such sovereignty had been recognized since Gontran's time. At the death of Rudolph III, Bishop Thibaut was powerful enough to join a league against Conrad II of Franconia. The emperor suppressed the See of Maurienne, and gave over its title and possessions to the Bishop of Turin (1038); but this imperial decree was never executed. Among the later bishops of Maurienne were: St. Ayroldus (1132-46), once a monk of the Charterhouse of Portes; Louis de La Palud (1441-50), who as Bishop of Lausanne had taken an active part at the Council of Basle in favour of the antipope Felix V, who named him Bishop of Maurienne in 1441 and afterwards cardinal, confirmed in both appointments by Nicholas V in 1449; John of Segovia (1451-72), who at the Council of Basle as representative of the King of Aragon had also worked for pope Felix V, was appointed by him cardinal in 1441, and whom pope Nicholas V gave ten years later the see of Maurienne; he is the author of ""Gesta Concilii Basileensis""; William d'Estouteville (1473-80), who was made cardinal in 1439 and as a pluralist held among other titles those of Maurienne and Rouen; Louis de Gorrevod (1499-1550) was made cardinal in 1530; Hippolyte d'Este (1560), made cardinal in 1538, acted as legate of Pius IV to the Council of Poissy, and built the famous Villa d'Este at Tivoli near Rome; Charles Joseph Fillipa de Martiniana (1757-79), made cardinal in 1778, was the first to whom Bonaparte, after the battle of Marengo, confided his intention of concluding a concordat with Rome; Alexis Billiet (1825-40), made cardinal in 1861. Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, took solemn possession of a canonry in the cathedral of Maurienne in 1564. Among the saints specially honoured in, or connected with, the diocese are: Saint Aper (Saint Avre), a priest who founded a refuge for pilgrims and the poor in the Village of St. Avre (seventh century); Blessed Thomas, b. at Maurienne, d. in 720, famous for rebuilding the Abbey of Farfa, of which the third abbot, Lucerius, was also a native of Maurienne; St. Marinus, monk of Chandor, martyred by the Saracens (eighth century); St. Landry, pastor of Lanslevillard (eleventh century), drowned in the Arc during one of his apostolic journeys; St. Bénézet, or Benoit de Pont (1165-84), b. at Hermillon in the diocese, and founder of the guild of Fratres Pontifices of Avignon; Blessed Cabert or Gabert, disciple of St. Dominic, who preached the Gospel for twenty years in the vicinity of AiguebelIe (thirteenth century). The chief shrines of the diocese were: Notre Dame de Charmaise, near Modane, Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle, near St-Jean-de-Maurienne, which dates from the sixteenth century, and Notre Dame de Beaurevers at Montaimon, dating from the seventeenth century. The Sisters of St. Joseph, a nursing and teaching order, with mother-house at St-Jean-de-Maurienne, are a branch of the Congregation of St. Joseph at Puy. At the end of the nineteenth century, they were in charge of 8 day nurseries and 2 hospitals. In Algeria, the East Indies, and the Argentine houses were fouded, controlled by the motherhouse at Maurienne. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)",0
SCAA_Family,"SCAA_Family  2007-11-18T09:13:34Z   SCAA Family is a group of mascots for the Hong Kong First Division League football team South China (""SCAA""). They are officially created and released to the public on 20 September 2007. There are totally 10 members where now 8 are named. Ballman and Greenman are the main characters. Mr. Scoreboard is very sensitive to numbers and he is good at resources allocation. There are 2 other un-named characters on the poster of SCAA family. Members of the SCAA Fans Club who have placed an advance order for the 07/08 South China jersey will also get an SCAA Family key ring. On 27 September 2007, SCAA Fans Club published a SuperFan Handbook for members. Some of the contents include 07-08 match schedule, 07-08 season calender, List of SCAA Football section members, Footballers' Group photo and stickers of SCAA Family. On 13 November 2007, people who wore red clothes for watching South China's league match against Wofoo Tai Po were given a special edition of SCAA Family Pong Pong Sticks. On 14 November 2007, BMA Marketing & Advertising Ltd issued a series of telephone ropes for SCAA Family. There are 8 normal versions including Ballman, Greenman, Whistle Sir, Yellow & Red Card Brothers, Mr. Scoreboard, Dr. First-Aid-Kid, Pong Pong Twins and Loud-Speaker, and in addition a special edition of Ballman. Each gashapon is HK$10.,  SCAA_Family  2008-06-12T13:03:44Z   SCAA Family is a group of mascots for the Hong Kong First Division League football team South China (""SCAA""). They are officially created and released to the public on 20 September 2007. There are totally 10 members where now 8 are named. Ballman and Greenman are the main characters. Mr. Scoreboard is very sensitive to numbers and he is good at resources allocation. There are 2 other un-named characters on the poster of SCAA family. Members of the SCAA Fans Club who have placed an advance order for the 07/08 South China jersey will also get an SCAA Family key ring. On 27 September 2007, SCAA Fans Club published a SuperFan Handbook for members. Some of the contents include 07-08 match schedule, 07-08 season calender, List of SCAA Football section members, Footballers' Group photo and stickers of SCAA Family. On 13 November 2007, people who wore red clothes for watching South China's league match against Wofoo Tai Po were given a special edition of SCAA Family Pong Pong Sticks. On 14 November 2007, BMA Marketing & Advertising Ltd issued a series of telephone ropes for SCAA Family. There are 8 normal versions including Ballman, Greenman, Whistle Sir, Yellow & Red Card Brothers, Mr. Scoreboard, Dr. First-Aid-Kid, Pong Pong Twins and Loud-Speaker, and in addition a special edition of Ballman. Each gashapon is HK$10. It was the first time on 25 November 2007 that Ballman signed for SCAA fans. The autogragh got Ballman's face, Chinese and English names and ""SCAA"" on it. On 14 December 2007, the first 100 SCAA Fans Club members who went to watch the match against Kitchee were each given an SCAA Family mini-calendar. More calendars were available for SCAA Fans Club to collect on 11 January 2008 before the league match against Lanwa Redbull. The image of the e-Card was first shown on the video of SCAA Family Blog on 21 December 2007. Some of the fans were able to receive the e-Card through email on the Christmas day. Baby Ballman T-shirt was originally the uniform for working cules in ""Ballman & Greenman Show-up Party"" held in Times Square on 26 November 2007. It is red in colour, with a baby Ballman cartoon, the words ""I was born"" and the birthday of Ballman 1 November 2007 printed on it. The T-shirt was then put up for display in BMA studio (the selling station of SCAA product). Some SCAA fans urged to buy it despite the T-shirt was originally decided not for sale. Finally, the T-shirt is available for online ordering from 18 to 23 January 2008 and the price is HKD180. Template:Fb start Template:Fb end",0
Bernard Curry,"Bernard Curry  2021-01-30T06:19:28Z  Bernard Curry (born 27 March 1974) is a Sydney-based Australian actor, best known for his role as Jake Stewart in Wentworth, Luke Handley in Neighbours and Hugo Austin in Home and Away. Curry first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handley, and remained on the television series for just over a year. He later returned to the show in a video cameo appearance in 2005 for the programme's 20th anniversary. Curry was a co-writer and actor on the 2002 ABC sketch comedy series Flipside. In 2002, he starred in the American television movie Junction Boys. He later starred in the 2007 TV film The King, and the 2005 feature film Puppy. Curry was also the host of the comedy series Monster House on the Nine Network. In 2008 Curry appeared in the BBC-commissioned soap opera Out of the Blue, playing Nate Perrett. In late 2008, Curry had the small role of Vishnu on Packed to the Rafters, on the Seven Network. In 2009, Curry joined the soap opera Home and Away as Hugo Austin, and left in 2010. He hosted the first four seasons of Beauty and the Geek Australia, from 2009 to 2012. Curry appeared as sports agent Jesse Reade in the 2013 first season of the American VH1 series, Hit the Floor. From 2016 and onward, Curry appears as Jake Stewart in the prison drama series Wentworth. ,  Bernard Curry  2022-12-30T03:18:11Z  Bernard Curry (born 27 March 1974) is an Australian actor, best known for his role as Jake Stewart in Wentworth, Luke Handley in Neighbours and Hugo Austin in Home and Away. Curry first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handley, and remained on the television series for just over a year. He later returned to the show in a video cameo appearance in 2005 for the programme's 20th anniversary. Curry was a co-writer and actor on the 2002 ABC sketch comedy series Flipside. In 2002, he starred in the American television movie Junction Boys. He later starred in the 2007 TV film The King, and the 2005 feature film Puppy. Curry was also the host of the comedy series Monster House on the Nine Network. In 2008 Curry appeared in the BBC-commissioned soap opera Out of the Blue, playing Nate Perrett. In late 2008, Curry had the small role of Vishnu on Packed to the Rafters, on the Seven Network. In 2009, Curry joined the soap opera Home and Away as Hugo Austin, and left in 2010. He hosted the first four seasons of Beauty and the Geek Australia, from 2009 to 2012. In 2016 Curry joined the cast of Wentworth (TV series) as corrupt officer Jake Stewart. Curry revealed that he almost said no to the role as he was busy with his career in LA, but his close friend Sullivan Stapleton told him to audition for the show as Wentworth had become so popular during its first three seasons, so he did. Curry joined the cast for filming and stayed until the show's final season. Curry has stated that Wentworth was one of the best jobs he has ever had. Curry appeared as sports agent Jesse Reade in the 2013 first season of the American VH1 series, Hit the Floor. From 2016 and onward. In August 2021, Curry was announced as a contestant on the celebrity version of Big Brother Australia. In 2022 Curry joined the cast of ABC drama Savage River and filmed 2023 series Crazy Fun Park, Curry also returned to the Melbourne Theatre company for the 2022 season of 'A Christmas Carol'.",1
Ki Sung-yueng,"Ki Sung-yueng  2009-01-12T08:00:34Z  name Ki Sung-Yong (Korean: 기성용, Hanja: 寄誠庸, born January 24, 1989) is a South Korean football midfielder who currently plays for FC Seoul. He has played in the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup for South Korea and is playing for the South Korean Olympic team. According to Sky Sports, Manchester United are reportedly keeping tabs on South Korean youngster Ki Sung-Yueng. However, FC Seoul have dismissed rumours that United have invited the player over to England to train with Sir Alex Ferguson's side. He scored his A match debut goal against North Korea in a 2010 World Cup qualification match. His second goal came in the following friendly against Uzbekistan when he finished Lee Chung-Yong's cross with a left-foot volley from outside the penalty area. ,  Ki Sung-yueng  2010-12-30T15:58:40Z  name Ki Sung-Yueng (Korean: 기성용) (born 24 January 1989) also known as David Ki and Ki Sung-Yong, is a South Korean professional footballer who currently plays as a central midfielder for Scottish Premier League club Celtic. Known for his vision and technique, as well as the accuracy and range of his set-pieces and passing, he is widely regarded as one of the top young South Korean footballing prospects from along with former FC Seoul teammate Lee Chung-Yong. Both players are affectionately known as 쌍용 (雙龍) ""Ssang Yong (Double Dragon)"", owed as much to their meteoric rise in talent as their pivotal roles within FC Seoul. His playing style has earned him the title of being the ""Korean Gerrard."" On 22 September 2009, he received a Sky Sports Scout Rating of 62/80. Ki arrived in Glasgow on 2 December for his medical and to sign a four-year deal, then officially joined the Parkhead club on 1 January 2010. In 2001, Ki was sent to Australia by his father. His father believed that Ki could play football and learn to speak English. He played the bulk of his youth career at John Paul College in Brisbane under the BSP (Brain Soccer Program) overseen by Jeff Hopkins. He was part of the team that won the U-15 Nationals (Bill Turner Cup) for John Paul College in 2004. Following offers from FC Seoul, Ki moved back to South Korea to pursue his career. Since then, Ki has been a fluent English speaker. He went by his English name David in Australia. Ki returned to Korea and joined the reserve team of FC Seoul where he played alongside national teammate Lee Chung-Yong. Under Şenol Güneş, he made his senior debut in 2007. During the 2008 season, Ki reinforced his position as a key player of FC Seoul. On 29 October, Ki scored the winning goal against Seoul's biggest rival Suwon Samsung Bluewings in 92nd minute. Ki performed a ""Kangaroo Ceremony"", which he claims to be imitation of Emmanuel Adebayor's, but many Suwon fans argue that this was imitation of 'chicken', which is how many Seoul fans call Suwon. He led the team to an unprecedented K-League runners-up position with 4 goals and 1 assist in 21 appearances. In FC Seoul's first K-League match of the 2009 season, Ki scored one goal in the 6–1 drubbing of Chunnam Dragons. There was increasing speculation regarding a big move abroad with suitors including PSV Eindhoven, Hamburg SV and Porto among others. On 25 August 2009, it was revealed that contact between Celtic and FC Seoul had occurred regarding the possibility of Ki's transfer to the Parkhead club. However, the player's agent stated that an immediate move would be unlikely given FC Seoul's success in the league and the Asian Champions League. Three days later, Celtic clinched a £2.1m transfer for Ki. He linked up with the Parkhead side in the January transfer window at the end of the K-League season. The signing was confirmed on 13 December 2009 after Ki passed a medical and secured a work permit. He reportedly turned down an offer from English Premier League club Portsmouth. He wears the number 18 with ""Ki"" on his shirt. He made his debut for Celtic in a 1–1 draw against Falkirk at Celtic Park on 16 January 2010, winning the Man of the Match award from the official Celtic website. He scored his first competitive goal for Celtic with a shot from 25 yards in a 4–0 victory against St. Mirren in the SPL. Ki was voted the SPL Young Player of the Month for October 2010. He became a first team regular and scored his second goal of the season in a 2-2 draw with Inverness Caledonian Thistle at Celtic Park. On the international stage, Ki has played in the 2007 U-20 World Cup and for the South Korea national team as well as the South Korea U-23 team. On 7 June 2008, he made his international debut in a 2010 World Cup qualification match against Jordan. On 1 June 2010 Ki was picked in the 23 man South Korea squad that would go to the 2010 World Cup Finals. On 12 June Ki played in South Korea's first game of the 2010 World Cup against Greece. Ki played a part in all 3 group games and assisted twice in 2 different matches against Greece and Nigeria which helped him and his country get through to the knock-out stages of the competition. player statistics 1  player statistics 2 |- |2007||rowspan=""3""|FC Seoul||rowspan=""3""|K-League||16||0||3||0||6||0||colspan=""2""|-||25||0 |- |2008||21||4||1||0||6||0||colspan=""2""|-||28||4 |- |2009||27||3||1||0||4||1||7||1||38||5  player statistics 2 |- |2009–10||rowspan=""2""|Celtic||rowspan=""2""|SPL ||10||0|||0|||0||0||0||0||0||10||0 |- |2010–11 ||14||3|||0|||0||2||0||1||0||17||3  player statistics 364||7||5||0||16||1||7||1||92||9  player statistics 424||3|||0|||0||2||0||1||0||27||3  player statistics 588||10||5||0||18||1||8||1||119||12  player statistics end FC Seoul  Republic Squad 2007 U-20 World Cup",1
Rory McAllister (footballer),"Rory McAllister (footballer)  2016-01-19T22:44:34Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League One. Rory McAlister came through the ranks at Aberdeen, but never played for the first team. However, he did play for the reserves on a few occasions. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in over 50 games, but scored just 5 goals. He made his league début for Inverness on 30 April 2005, as a second-half substitute against Kilmarnock. His first goal came in a Scottish Cup tie against Ayr United on 7 January 2006. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. He played four times for the club and scored one goal, in a 9–2 victory against Berwick Rangers. In April 2008, McAllister signed a new one-year contract with Inverness, however on 24 January 2009, he left the club by mutual consent. After leaving Inverness, McAllister then signed for Brechin City, scoring a total of 26 goals in his first full season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. During the 2010–11 season McAllister scored four times in an away match against his old club Peterhead. In both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, McAllister was voted PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Year. McAllister's goalscoring exploits at Brechin did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, St. Johnstone, Peterhead, Charlton Athletic, Port Vale and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. On 16 June 2011, he turned down a move to SPL club St. Mirren. Having initially said he wanted to return to full-time football McAllister then dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be close to Aberdeen to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, so he has something to fall back on when he retires from football. On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal as Peterhead won 2–1 against Rangers at Ibrox. On 8 April 2014, McAllister was awarded the SPFL Player of the month for March 2014, after scoring eight goals in six games during the month, becoming the first player from outside the Scottish Premiership to win the award. On 12 April 2014, McAllister scored Peterhead's second goal in a 2–0 win against Clyde, a result which meant the club won the Scottish League Two title and promotion to League One. On 27 April 2014, McAllister was named as PFA Scotland League Two Player of the Year for 2013–14. He signed a new contract on 11 August 2014, keeping him at Peterhead until 2017. In an interview in 2015 McAllister said he could not see himself leaving Peterhead for the rest of his career. On 18 August 2015, McAllister scored 5 goals in cup match against Falkirk. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, scoring once in 2007 against Northern Ireland under–21. He has also been capped at under-21 level. ,  Rory McAllister (footballer)  2017-12-06T01:34:54Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League Two. Rory McAlister came through the ranks at Aberdeen, but never played for the first team. However, he did play for the reserves on a few occasions. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in over 50 games, but scored just five goals. He made his league début for Inverness on 30 April 2005, as a second-half substitute against Kilmarnock. His first goal came in a Scottish Cup tie against Ayr United on 7 January 2006. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. He played four times for the club and scored one goal, in a 9–2 victory against Berwick Rangers. In April 2008, McAllister signed a new one-year contract with Inverness, however on 24 January 2009, he left the club by mutual consent. After leaving Inverness, McAllister then signed for Brechin City, scoring a total of 26 goals in his first full season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. During the 2010–11 season McAllister scored four times in an away match against his old club Peterhead. In both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, McAllister was voted PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Year. McAllister's goalscoring exploits at Brechin did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, St Johnstone, Peterhead, Charlton Athletic, Port Vale and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. On 16 June 2011, he turned down a move to SPL club St Mirren. Having initially said he wanted to return to full-time football McAllister then dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be close to Aberdeen to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, so he has something to fall back on when he retires from football. On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal as Peterhead won 2–1 against Rangers at Ibrox. On 8 April 2014, McAllister was awarded the SPFL Player of the month for March 2014, after scoring eight goals in six games during the month, becoming the first player from outside the Scottish Premiership to win the award. On 12 April 2014, McAllister scored Peterhead's second goal in a 2–0 win against Clyde, a result which meant the club won the Scottish League Two title and promotion to League One. On 27 April 2014, McAllister was named as PFA Scotland League Two Player of the Year for 2013–14. He signed a new contract on 11 August 2014, keeping him at Peterhead until 2017. In an interview in 2015, McAllister said he could not see himself leaving Peterhead for the rest of his career. On 18 August 2015, McAllister scored five goals in cup match against Falkirk. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, scoring once in 2007 against Northern Ireland under–21. He has also been capped at under-21 level.",1
Tomb_of_Two_Brothers,"Tomb_of_Two_Brothers  2018-04-10T09:29:37Z   The Tomb of Two Brothers is an ancient sepulchre in Deir Rifeh, Egypt. It contains the chamber tomb of the ancient Egyptian high status priests Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht, which dates from the 12th dynasty. The brothers' tomb was found untouched in 1907 by Flinders Petrie at the Deir Rifeh cemetery. Petrie first described the burial in his excavation report of Rifeh. After the finds went to the Manchester Museum, Margaret Murray published a monograph on this tomb group. The burial chamber of the two individuals was found in a small chamber placed within the courtyard of a bigger tomb, perhaps once belonging to a governor buried at Deir Rifeh. The chamber tomb contained a set of two coffins, one outer wooden box coffin and one inner anthropoid coffin for each of the tomb owners. The coffins are decorated on the outside with a palace facade motif and several text lines. The coffins and the texts are very close to coffins found at Asyut and it seems possible that they were produced there. Next to the coffins was found a canopic box with four canopic vessels. There were three statuettes of the tomb owners. Also, some wooden models of servants, models of boats and some pottery vessels. The whole tomb group is now in the Manchester Museum. The mummies of the tomb owners were already heavily decayed when found and basically just preserved as skeletons. They had the title son of a governor. Khnum-nakht was also great wab priest of Khnum. The tomb group is one of the best preserved and best known burials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. Ancient DNA analysis of the mummies of Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht, which were entombed at the Deir Rifeh cemetery, found that the brothers belonged to the M1a1 mtDNA haplogroup, confirming that they were half-siblings (they had the same mother, but different fathers) and African in origin with 88. 05–91. 27% degree of confidence . ,  Tomb_of_Two_Brothers  2020-01-26T08:19:04Z   The Tomb of Two Brothers is an ancient sepulchre in Deir Rifeh, Egypt. It contains the chamber tomb of the ancient Egyptian high status priests Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht, which dates from the 12th Dynasty. The brothers' tomb was found untouched in 1907 by Flinders Petrie at the Deir Rifeh cemetery. Petrie first described the burial in his excavation report of Rifeh. After the finds went to the Manchester Museum, Margaret Murray published a monograph on this tomb group. The burial chamber of the two individuals was found in a small chamber placed within the courtyard of a bigger tomb, perhaps once belonging to a governor buried at Deir Rifeh. The chamber tomb contained a set of two coffins, one outer wooden box coffin and one inner anthropoid coffin for each of the tomb owners. The coffins are decorated on the outside with a palace facade motif and several text lines. The coffins and the texts are very close to coffins found at Asyut and it seems possible that they were produced there. The rectangular outer coffin bears on the lid three text columns. On the long sides there are four double columns on each side. At the top of the long sides there are two horizontal text lines. The short ends have two columns and again two horizontal text lines. On the lid Nakht-Ankh bears the title son of a governor and is called begotten of Khnumaa. The middle text column is an offering formula addressing Anubis with the wish that the deceased may cross with a ferry, that he might be buried and that he might ascend to the great god. The other spell expressed the wish that Nakht-Ankh might sit in the boat of the sun god, that will cross the heaven. Evidently the spell made sure that Nakht-Ankh will be in the circle of deities after death. The third spell on the lid finally expresses the wish that the deceased becomes the son of the sky goddess Nut to be under her protection. The texts on the coffin box have different functions. Some of the spells are part of the modern corpus of Coffin Texts (on the coffin there are the coffin text spells 30, 31, 32, 609 and 345). Interestingly, the coffin is almost identical to the coffin of a certain Djefahapy that was found at Asyut. Next to the coffins was found a canopic box with four canopic vessels. There were three statuettes of the tomb owners. Also, some wooden models of servants, models of boats and some pottery vessels. The whole tomb group is now in the Manchester Museum. The tomb group is one of the best preserved and best known burials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. Nakht-ankh and Khnum-nakht are only known from this burial. They are not attested for sure from other sources. Nakht-Ankh bears as only title the designation son of a governor. He is also called begotten of Khnumaa. Khnum-Nakht bears the titles son of governor, son of the son of a governor and wab-priest of Khnum, lord of Shashotep. He is also called begotten of Khnumaa. Their mummies were found heavily decayed. Ancient DNA analysis of the mummies of Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht, which were entombed at the Deir Rifeh cemetery, found that the brothers belonged to the M1a1 mtDNA haplogroup with 88. 05–91. 27% degree of confidence, thus confirming the African (Egyptian) origins of the two individuals. The analysis also made it possible to establish that the two titular brothers were actually half brothers, having the same mother but different fathers.",0
Ryan Bowman,"Ryan Bowman  2021-01-11T14:47:01Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL League One club Exeter City. Bowman was born in Carlisle, Cumbria. He started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North club Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 matches on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first-team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and during the summer of 2010 signed a one-year professional contract. On 19 October 2010, Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of 2010–11 for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in 2010–11 before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed for Conference Premier club Darlington on 4 August 2011 on a sixth-month contract. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011, he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league matches without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of 2011–12 on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 appearances as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on 24 July 2012 on a one-year contract. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One team Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished 2012–13 as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two club York City on 24 May 2013 on a two-year contract. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th-minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd-minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished 2013–14 with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier club Torquay United on 3 July 2014 on a two-year contract. Bowman signed for Torquay's National League rivals Gateshead on 17 July 2015 for an undisclosed fee. Bowman signed for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell on 31 August 2016 on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on 10 September 2016, as Motherwell drew 1–1 away to Ross County. Bowman signed for League Two club Exeter City on 2 January 2019 for an undisclosed nominal fee as a replacement for Jayden Stockley, who was expected to leave the club. ,  Ryan Bowman  2022-12-26T21:18:40Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL League One club Shrewsbury Town. Bowman was born in Carlisle, Cumbria. He started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North club Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 matches on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first-team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and during the summer of 2010 signed a one-year professional contract. On 19 October 2010, Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of 2010–11 for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in 2010–11 before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed for Conference Premier club Darlington on 4 August 2011 on a sixth-month contract. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011, he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league matches without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of 2011–12 on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 appearances as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on 24 July 2012 on a one-year contract. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One team Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished 2012–13 as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two club York City on 24 May 2013 on a two-year contract. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th-minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd-minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished 2013–14 with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier club Torquay United on 3 July 2014 on a two-year contract. Bowman signed for Torquay's National League rivals Gateshead on 17 July 2015 for an undisclosed fee. Bowman signed for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell on 31 August 2016 on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on 10 September 2016, as Motherwell drew 1–1 away to Ross County. Bowman signed for League Two club Exeter City on 2 January 2019 for an undisclosed nominal fee as a replacement for Jayden Stockley, who was expected to leave the club. On 17 June 2021, Bowman joined League One side Shrewsbury Town on a two-year deal, with the option of a further year. He scored his first goal for the club on 18 September in a 1–1 draw against Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough. On 9 October, during a League One fixture against Ipswich Town at Portman Road, Bowman was substituted after 35 minutes after experiencing palpitations. After being assessed by medical staff from both sides, he was taken to Ipswich Hospital for checks and was later discharged. On 23 October, Bowman scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win at home to Cambridge United. In June 2022, Bowman underwent an ablation heart surgery to treat irregular rhythms.",1
Nonsingular_black_hole_models,"Nonsingular_black_hole_models  2011-03-22T03:48:12Z   A nonsingular black hole model is a mathematical theory of black holes that avoids certain theoretical problems with the standard black hole model, including information loss and the unobservable nature of the black hole event horizon. For a black hole to physically exist as a solution to Einstein's equation, it must form an event horizon in finite time relative to outside observers. ,  Nonsingular_black_hole_models  2013-03-17T18:37:29Z   A nonsingular black hole model is a mathematical theory of black holes that avoids certain theoretical problems with the standard black hole model, including information loss and the unobservable nature of the black hole event horizon. For a black hole to physically exist as a solution to Einstein's equation, it must form an event horizon in finite time relative to outside observers.",0
Rory McAllister (footballer),"Rory McAllister (footballer)  2018-01-06T14:59:37Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League Two. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up (he never played for the first team, but did play for the reserves on a few occasions), McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in over 50 games, but scored just five goals. He made his league début for Inverness on 30 April 2005, as a second-half substitute against Kilmarnock. His first goal came in a Scottish Cup tie against Ayr United on 7 January 2006. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. He played four times for the club and scored one goal, in a 9–2 victory against Berwick Rangers. In April 2008, McAllister signed a new one-year contract with Inverness, however on 24 January 2009, he left the club by mutual consent. After leaving Inverness, McAllister then signed for Brechin City, scoring a total of 26 goals in his first full season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. During the 2010–11 season McAllister scored four times in an away match against his old club Peterhead. In both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, McAllister was voted PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Year. McAllister's goalscoring exploits at Brechin did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, St Johnstone, Peterhead, Charlton Athletic, Port Vale and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. On 16 June 2011, he turned down a move to SPL club St Mirren. Having initially said he wanted to return to full-time football, McAllister then dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be closer to Aberdeen to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, in order to have a career to fall back on when he retired from football. On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal as Peterhead won 2–1 against Rangers at Ibrox. On 8 April 2014, McAllister was awarded the SPFL Player of the month for March 2014, after scoring eight goals in six games during the month, becoming the first player from outside the Scottish Premiership to win the award. On 12 April 2014, McAllister scored Peterhead's second goal in a 2–0 win against Clyde, a result which meant the club won the Scottish League Two title and promotion to League One. On 27 April 2014, McAllister was named as PFA Scotland League Two Player of the Year for 2013–14. He signed a new contract on 11 August 2014, keeping him at Peterhead until 2017. In an interview in 2015, McAllister said he could not see himself leaving Peterhead for the rest of his career. On 18 August 2015, he scored all five of his side's goals in a 2015–16 Scottish Challenge Cup match against Falkirk. Peterhead went all the way to the final at Hampden Park, losing 4–0 to Rangers. McAllister scored five goals again in October 2017, this time against more modest opposition, in a 9–0 victory over amateurs Colville Park in the 2017–18 Scottish Cup. By January 2018 he had 24 goals in 24 matches during the season, making him the nation's leading scorer alongside Alan Trouten of Albion Rovers. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, scoring once in 2007 against Northern Ireland under–21. He was also capped at under-21 level. ,  Rory McAllister (footballer)  2019-11-23T16:03:21Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League One. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up (he never played for the first team, but did play for the reserves on a few occasions), McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in over 50 games, but scored just five goals. He made his league début for Inverness on 30 April 2005, as a second-half substitute against Kilmarnock. His first goal came in a Scottish Cup tie against Ayr United on 7 January 2006. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. He played four times for the club and scored one goal, in a 9–2 victory against Berwick Rangers. In April 2008, McAllister signed a new one-year contract with Inverness, however on 24 January 2009, he left the club by mutual consent. After leaving Inverness, McAllister then signed for Brechin City, scoring a total of 26 goals in his first full season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. During the 2010–11 season McAllister scored four times in an away match against his old club Peterhead. In both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, McAllister was voted PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Year. McAllister's goalscoring exploits at Brechin did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, St Johnstone, Peterhead, Charlton Athletic, Port Vale and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. On 16 June 2011, he turned down a move to SPL club St Mirren. Having initially said he wanted to return to full-time football, McAllister then dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be closer to Aberdeen to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, in order to have a career to fall back on when he retired from football. On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal as Peterhead won 2–1 against Rangers at Ibrox. On 8 April 2014, McAllister was awarded the SPFL Player of the month for March 2014, after scoring eight goals in six games during the month, becoming the first player from outside the Scottish Premiership to win the award. On 12 April 2014, McAllister scored Peterhead's second goal in a 2–0 win against Clyde, a result which meant the club won the Scottish League Two title and promotion to League One. On 27 April 2014, McAllister was named as PFA Scotland League Two Player of the Year for 2013–14. He signed a new contract on 11 August 2014, keeping him at Peterhead until 2017. In an interview in 2015, McAllister said he could not see himself leaving Peterhead for the rest of his career. On 18 August 2015, he scored all five of his side's goals in a 2015–16 Scottish Challenge Cup match against Falkirk. Peterhead went all the way to the final at Hampden Park, losing 4–0 to Rangers. In August 2016, McAllister signed a new two-year deal with Peterhead to run to the end of the 2017–18 season after rejecting the opportunity to join Dundee United. McAllister scored five goals in a match again in October 2017, this time against more modest opposition, in a 9–0 victory over amateurs Colville Park in the 2017–18 Scottish Cup. By January 2018 he had 24 goals in 24 matches during the season, making him the nation's leading scorer alongside Alan Trouten of Albion Rovers. After scoring against Albion Rovers in August 2018, McAllister became the first player to reach 100 goals since the SPFL began operation in 2013. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, scoring once in 2007 against Northern Ireland under–21. He was also capped at under-21 level.",1
KMDO,"KMDO  2018-10-31T21:02:14Z   KMDO (1600 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Classic Hits format. Licensed to Fort Scott, Kansas, United States, it serves the Pittsburg area. The station is currently owned by Fort Scott Broadcasting Company Inc. . The station simulcasts most of its programming with sister station KOMB. This article about a radio station in Kansas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  KMDO  2019-08-11T23:30:26Z   KMDO (1600 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic country format. Licensed to Fort Scott, Kansas, United States, it serves the Pittsburg area. The station is currently owned by Fort Scott Broadcasting Company Inc. On July 14, 2019, KMDO dropped its simulcast with classic hits-formatted KOMB and launched a classic country format, branded as ""Red Dirt Country"". This article about a radio station in Kansas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Ecological_literacy,"Ecological_literacy  2008-03-28T23:21:03Z    ?? ? Ecological literacy (also referred to as ecoliteracy ) is the ability to understand the natural systems that make life on earth possible. The term was coined by American educator David W. Orr in the 1990s. An ecologically literate society would be a sustainable society which did not destroy the natural environment on which they depend. ,  Ecological_literacy  2009-09-02T01:28:58Z   Ecological literacy (also referred to as ecoliteracy) is the ability to understand the natural systems that make life on earth possible. To be ecoliterate means understanding the principles of organization of ecological communities (i. e. ecosystems) and using those principles for creating sustainable human communities. The term was coined by American educator David W. Orr and physicist Fritjof Capra in the 1990s- thereby a new value entered education; the “well-being of the earth”. An ecologically literate society would be a sustainable society which did not destroy the natural environment on which they depend. Ecological literacy is a powerful concept as it creates a foundation for an integrated approach to environmental problems. Advocates champion eco-literacy as a new educational paradigm emerging around the poles of holism, systems thinking, sustainability, and complexity. Ecoliteracy concerns understanding the principles of organisation of ecosystems and their potential application to understanding how to build sustainable human society. It combines the sciences of systems and ecology in drawing together elements required to foster learning processes toward a deep appreciation of nature and our role in it. Systems thinking is the recognition of the world as an integrated whole rather than a collection of individual elements. Within systems thinking, basic principles of organization become more important than the analysis of various components of the system in isolation. Ecological literacy and systems thinking implies a recognition of the manner in which all phenomenon are part of networks that define the way that element functions. Systems thinking is necessary to understand complex interdependence of ecological systems, social systems and other systems on all levels. According to Fritjof Capra, “In the coming decades, the survival of humanity will depend on our ecological literacy – our ability to understand the basic principles of ecology and to live accordingly. This means that ecoliteracy must become a critical skill for politicians, business leaders, and professionals in all spheres, and should be the most important part of education at all levels – from primary and secondary schools to colleges, universities, and the continuing education and training of professionals. ” David W. Orr has stated that the goal of ecological literacy is “built on the recognition that the disorder of ecosystems reflects a prior disorder of mind, making it a central concern to those institutions that purport to improve minds. In other words, the ecological crisis is in every way a crisis of education. . . . All education is environmental education… by what is included or excluded we teach the young that they are part of or apart from the natural world. ” He also emphasizes that ecoliteracy does not only require mastery of subject matter, but the creation of meaningful connections between head, hands, and heart as well. Others have reiterated the urgent importance of ecological literacy in today's world, where young people are faced with escalating environmental challenges, including climate change, depletion of resources, and environmentally linked illnesses. ""This generation will require leaders and citizens who can think ecologically, understand the interconnectedness of human and natural systems, and have the will, ability, and courage to act. "" With an understanding of ecological literacy, perceptions naturally shift. The need to protect the ecosystems is not simply a belief held by environmentalists; it is a biological imperative for survival over the time. This value will become a basic principle for prioritizing thought and action in a sustainable society. In the face of the increasing capacity of industrial systems to destroy habitats and the climate system, the explicit declaration of the principles of ecological literacy – and the resulting awareness of the importance of living within the ecological carrying capacity of the earth, is increasingly necessary. Whether ecoliteracy can address the infamous value-action gap is unclear. There is a growing movement in education",0
Coco Martin,"Coco Martin  2014-01-02T04:05:20Z  Rodel Luis Nacianceno (born on November 1, 1981), better known by his stage name, Coco Martin, is a critically acclaimed Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipino actor. He became famous for starring in many independent films, and was dubbed the Prince of Philippine Independent Films. He is also known for his portrayal of Ramon Lecumberri in the critically acclaimed television series, Tayong Dalawa, as well as for his award-winning dual role as the twins Alexander and Javier del Tierro in the series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, and main protagonist role as Daniel Guidotti in Walang Hanggan. He currently lives with his grandmother who raised him. He has five siblings, three from both his parents and two step siblings on his father's side. Martin started out in Davao with Isagani Gultiano Alexander Aban Meljhun Rieta& Gene Earl Perez ABS-CBN's talent agency, Star Magic, as part of the Star Circle Batch 9. He made his first cameo film appearance in the 2001 film Luv Text where he was credited under his real name, Rodel Nacianceno, followed by many independent films. Since then he has appeared in several TV advertisements before breaking back into showbiz with his lead debut independent film Masahista for which he was awarded the Young Critics Circle Best Actor Award in 2006. He also starred in Kaleldo in 2006. Early in 2007, Martin joined GMA Network, and appeared in several GMA TV shows starting with Daisy Siete. He also became a member of the boy-group The Studs. Martin was also seen in independent gay-oriented films, Daybreak and Jay where he earned his first Gawad Urian Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2008, Martin returned to ABS-CBN and was cast in Ligaw na Bulaklak as one of the regular cast members. In 2009, he starred in the drama series Tayong Dalawa where he won the award for Best Drama Actor at the 2009 Star Awards for Television. After Tayong Dalawa, he starred in the afternoon soap opera titled Nagsimula sa Puso alongside Maja Salvador, Jason Abalos, and Nikki Gil. In the same year he joined Star Magic. In 2010, he became part of the cast of ABS-CBN's primetime drama, Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo and had his first leading role in the action series Tonyong Bayawak. He also starred in his first mainstream film Sa 'yo Lamang and the primetime series, 1DOL. Martin also filmed another independent film titled Kinatay where he was nominated for a FAMAS Award for Best Actor. In 2011, he led the highly-acclaimed television series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin. In May, Martin received the Dekada Award in the Gawad Urian ceremony. He was nominated for multiple awards for his portrayal as Alexander and Javier del Tierro in Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, namely from the KBP Golden Dove Awards, Golden Screen Awards and Star Awards for TV. In 2012, Martin starred in another ensemble series titled Walang Hanggan, an adaptation of the 1991 film Hihintayin Kita Sa Langit. He also starred in his second mainstream film entitled Born to Love You opposite Angeline Quinto. He is set to star in a movie with Judy Ann Santos titled Love Will Lead You Back. Martin also signed with Regal Entertainment to do a film with Marian Rivera entitled Maybe This Time, set to be released in 2013. In May 2012, a script for a film called Juan dela Cruz was submitted to the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, starring Martin alongside Tayong Dalawa co-star Jake Cuenca, Nagsimula Sa Puso and Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin leading lady Maja Salvador, and Albert Martinez. The entry, set to be directed by Richard Somes, was one of the 7 rejected scripts. Cinemedia Films Production Incorporated and ABS-CBN unit head Deo Endrinal felt that the project would be better suited for TV, and have the now mini-series set to air in 2013. Erich Gonzales is taking the role as Martin's leading lady. Gina Pareño and Mylene Dizon also star, and Malu Sevilla will direct. | 27th PMPC Star Awards For TV || Best Drama Actor Of The Year || style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | 27th PMPC Star Awards For TV || Male Star Of The Night || style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | 27th PMPC Star Awards For TV || Best TV Series for ""Juan Dela Cruz"" (shared with the cast) || style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | || Youth Role Model Of The year style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | || Most Admired Male Personality In Philippine TV style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won,  Coco Martin  2015-12-23T05:51:56Z  Rodel Nacianceno (born November 1, 1981 in Novaliches, Quezon City, Philippines) known as Coco Martin is a Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipino actor. He became famous for starring in independent films, and was dubbed the ""Prince of Philippine Independent Films"". He is also known for his portrayal of Ramon Lecumberri in the television series Tayong Dalawa, as well as for his dual role as the twins Alexander and Javier del Tierro in the series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, and his protagonist role as Daniel Guidotti in Walang Hanggan. He gained prominence for his role as Samuel Hidalgo and Gabriel Hidalgo in the 2014 series Ikaw Lamang. He is now hailed as the King of Philippine Primetime Teleseryes. Coco Martin started out in one of the ABS-CBN's talent agency, Star Magic, as part of the Star Circle Batch 9. He made his first cameo film appearance in the 2001 film Luv Text where he was credited under his real name, Rodel Nacianceno, followed by many independent films. Since then he has appeared in several TV advertisements before breaking back into showbiz with his lead debut independent film Masahista for which he was awarded the Young Critics Circle Best Actor Award in 2006. He also starred in Summer Heat in 2006. Early in 2007, Martin joined GMA Network, and appeared in several GMA TV shows starting with Daisy Siete. He also became a member of the boy-group The Studs. Martin was also seen in independent gay-oriented films, Daybreak and Jay where he earned his first Gawad Urian Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2008, Martin returned to ABS-CBN and was cast in Ligaw na Bulaklak as one of the regular cast members. In 2009, he starred in the drama series Tayong Dalawa where he won the award for Best Drama Actor at the 2009 Star Awards for Television. After Tayong Dalawa, he starred in the afternoon soap opera titled Nagsimula sa Puso, alongside Maja Salvador, Jason Abalos and Nikki Gil. In the same year, he joined Star Magic. In 2010, he became part of the cast of ABS-CBN's primetime drama Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo, and had his first leading role in the action series Tonyong Bayawak. He also starred in his first mainstream film Sa 'yo Lamang, and the primetime series 1DOL. Martin also filmed another independent film titled Kinatay, where he was nominated for a FAMAS Award for Best Actor. In 2011, he led the highly acclaimed television series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin. In May, Martin received the Dekada Award in the Gawad Urian ceremony. He was nominated for multiple awards for his portrayal as Alexander and Javier del Tierro in Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, namely from the KBP Golden Dove Awards, Golden Screen Awards and Star Awards for TV. In 2012, Martin starred in another ensemble series titled Walang Hanggan, an adaptation of the 1991 film Hihintayin Kita Sa Langit. Having a good chemistry together, his love team with Walang Hanggan leading lady Julia Montes is Martin's most successful and effective love team, giving them more chance to star in other projects. He was also the creative consultant of the series. He also starred in his second mainstream film entitled Born to Love You, opposite singer Angeline Quinto. He was set to star in a movie with Judy Ann Santos titled Love Will Lead You Back. In May 2012, a script for a film called Juan dela Cruz was submitted to the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, starring Martin alongside Tayong Dalawa co-star Jake Cuenca, Nagsimula Sa Puso and Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin leading lady Maja Salvador, and Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo co-star Albert Martinez. The entry, set to be directed by Richard Somes, was one of the 7 rejected scripts. Cinemedia Films Production Incorporated and ABS-CBN Dreamscape Entertainment unit head Deo Endrinal felt that the project would be better suited for TV, and have the now television series aired in 2013. Erich Gonzales is taking the role as Martin's leading lady. Together with Martin, Gonzales and Martinez, the series was also starred Arron Villaflor, Eddie Garcia, Zsa Zsa Padilla and Gina Pareño. In 2014, Martin starred in the period drama television series entitled Ikaw Lamang, alongside Walang Hanggan leading lady Julia Montes, and Tayong Dalawa co-stars Kim Chiu and Jake Cuenca. He also starred in another mainstream film Maybe This Time, with singer-actress Sarah Geronimo. Coco Martin is romantically linked to Julia Montes and rumored that they are in a relationship already.",1
Cheri_Beasley,"Cheri_Beasley  2012-06-12T22:41:50Z   Cheri L. Beasley (born 1966) is a North Carolina lawyer and jurist who sits on the North Carolina Court of Appeals. She was elected to the court in 2008, defeating incumbent Douglas McCullough. Beasley is the first black woman to win election to statewide office in North Carolina without first being appointed by a governor. Beasley previously served as a state district court judge, serving District 12 (Cumberland County). A graduate of Rutgers University and of the University of Tennessee College of Law, Judge Beasley was appointed to the bench by Governor Jim Hunt in 1999, and then elected in a 2002 election. She was re-elected without opposition in 2006. Template:Persondata,  Cheri_Beasley  2013-07-16T01:09:36Z   Cheri L. Beasley (born 1966) is a North Carolina lawyer and jurist who currently serves as an Associate Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. Beasley previously served on the North Carolina Court of Appeals. She was elected to the court in 2008, defeating incumbent Douglas McCullough. In that election, Beasley became the first black woman to win election to statewide office in North Carolina without first being appointed by a governor. In December 2012, Gov. Beverly Perdue appointed Beasley to the North Carolina Supreme Court, filling the vacancy created by the retirement of Justice Patricia Timmons-Goodson. A graduate of Rutgers University and of the University of Tennessee College of Law, Judge Beasley was first appointed to the bench as a state district court judge by Governor Jim Hunt in 1999, and then elected in a 2002 election. She was re-elected without opposition in 2006. She served as a judge in District 12 (Cumberland County) until her election to the Court of Appeals. Template:Persondata",0
Kelly Clarkson videography,"Kelly Clarkson videography  2017-08-30T05:57:30Z  American singer Kelly Clarkson has released two video albums and has appeared in thirty-seven music videos. In 2002, she made her debut music video appearance for the video ""Before Your Love"", which was immediately released after winning the premiere season of the television series competition American Idol. A accompanying video for ""Before Your Love""'s companion single ""A Moment Like This"" was also issued later that year. From her debut album Thankful (2003), Clarkson released music videos for the singles ""Miss Independent"", ""Low"", and ""The Trouble with Love Is"", the foremost of which earned her three MTV Video Music Award nominations, including Best New Artist in a Video. Thankful was immediately followed by the release of Clarkson's debut video album Miss Independent that same year. In 2004, a music video for her single ""Breakaway"" was released to promote the Disney feature film The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement. Clarkson's sophomore studio album Breakaway (2004) issued accompanying music videos for its singles ""Since U Been Gone"", ""Behind These Hazel Eyes"", ""Because of You"", ""Walk Away"", and an additional live video for ""Breakaway"". The videos for ""Since U Been Gone"" and ""Because of You"" earned a total of three MTV Video Music Awards and a MuchMusic Video Award. Clarkson's second video album Behind Hazel Eyes was released in 2005 as a companion piece to Breakaway. From her third studio album My December (2007), three music videos were issued to accompany its singles ""Never Again"", ""One Minute"", and ""Don't Waste Your Time"". In 2009, Clarkson's fourth studio album All I Ever Wanted released three music videos for the songs ""My Life Would Suck Without You"", ""I Do Not Hook Up"", and ""Already Gone"", with the foremost receiving a MTV Video Music Award nomination. From 2011 to 2012, three music videos were released from her fifth studio album Stronger to accompany its singles ""Mr. Know It All"", ""Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)"", and ""Dark Side"", all of which collective earned three nominations for an MTV Video Music Award and MuchMusic Video Award. Stronger was followed by her first greatest hits album, Greatest Hits – Chapter One (2012), which released music videos for its singles ""Catch My Breath"", ""Don't Rush"" and ""People Like Us"", the latter two of which was nominated for a CMT Music Award and an MTV Video Music Award, respectively. From 2013 to 2014, three music videos were released to promote her first Christmas album Wrapped in Red: two live performance videos for the songs ""Underneath the Tree"" and ""Silent Night"" from the television special Kelly Clarkson's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale, and an accompaniment video for the titular track. Throughout 2015, her seventh studio record Piece by Piece issued three music videos to promote the songs ""Heartbeat Song"", ""Invincible"" and ""Piece by Piece"". In addition to her musical work, Clarkson has appeared in film and television as an actress and a participant. She made her film debut as a lead actress on the 2003 feature From Justin to Kelly. Prior to winning American Idol, Clarkson has appeared as an extra in the television series That '80s Show and Sabrina the Teenage Witch in 2002. She made her television debut as an actress on the television drama American Dreams in 2003 and has appeared as guest judge and a mentor in various television competitions, including American Idol, Canadian Idol, X Factor, and The Voice. Clarkson also starred as a lead judge and mentor on the short-lived series Duets in 2012 and is set to debut as a coach on the fourteenth season of The Voice in 2018. She has also appeared in advertisements to promote brands such as Ford, NASCAR, Pepsi, Amazon Kindle, and Citizen Watches. ,  Kelly Clarkson videography  2018-12-19T15:51:18Z  American singer Kelly Clarkson has released two video albums and has appeared in forty music videos. In 2002, she made her debut music video appearance for the video ""Before Your Love"", which was immediately released after winning the first season of the television series competition American Idol. A accompanying video for ""Before Your Love""'s companion single ""A Moment Like This"" was also issued later that year. From her debut album Thankful (2003), Clarkson released music videos for the singles ""Miss Independent"", ""Low"", and ""The Trouble with Love Is"", the foremost of which earned her three MTV Video Music Award nominations, including Best New Artist in a Video. Thankful was immediately followed by the release of Clarkson's debut video album Miss Independent that same year. In 2004, a music video for her single ""Breakaway"" was released to promote the Disney feature film The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement. Clarkson's sophomore studio album Breakaway (2004) issued accompanying music videos for its singles ""Since U Been Gone"", ""Behind These Hazel Eyes"", ""Because of You"", ""Walk Away"", and an additional live video for ""Breakaway"". The videos for ""Since U Been Gone"" and ""Because of You"" earned a total of three MTV Video Music Awards and a MuchMusic Video Award. Clarkson's second video album Behind Hazel Eyes was released in 2005 as a companion piece to Breakaway. From her third studio album My December (2007), three music videos were issued to accompany its singles ""Never Again"", ""One Minute"", and ""Don't Waste Your Time"". In 2009, Clarkson's fourth studio album All I Ever Wanted released three music videos for the songs ""My Life Would Suck Without You"", ""I Do Not Hook Up"", and ""Already Gone"", with the foremost receiving a MTV Video Music Award nomination. From 2011 to 2012, three music videos were released from her fifth studio album Stronger to accompany its singles ""Mr. Know It All"", ""Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)"", and ""Dark Side"", all of which collective earned three nominations for an MTV Video Music Award and MuchMusic Video Award. Stronger was followed by her first greatest hits album, Greatest Hits – Chapter One (2012), which released music videos for its singles ""Catch My Breath"", ""Don't Rush"" and ""People Like Us"", the latter two of which was nominated for a CMT Music Award and an MTV Video Music Award, respectively. From 2013 to 2014, three music videos were released to promote her first Christmas album Wrapped in Red: two live performance videos for the songs ""Underneath the Tree"" and ""Silent Night"" from the television special Kelly Clarkson's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale, and an accompaniment video for the titular track. Throughout 2015, her seventh studio record Piece by Piece issued three music videos for ""Heartbeat Song"", ""Invincible"" and ""Piece by Piece"". Clarkson's eighth studio album, Meaning of Life, issued music videos for ""Love So Soft"", ""I Don't Think About You"", and ""Meaning of Life"". In addition to her musical work, Clarkson has appeared in film and television as an actress and a participant. She made her film debut as a lead actress on the 2003 feature From Justin to Kelly. Prior to winning American Idol, Clarkson has appeared as an extra in the television series That '80s Show and Sabrina the Teenage Witch in 2002. She made her television debut as an actress on the television drama American Dreams in 2003 and has appeared as guest judge and a mentor in various television competitions, including American Idol, Canadian Idol, X Factor, and The Voice. Clarkson starred as a judge and mentor on the short-lived series Duets in 2012 and debuted as a coach on the fourteenth season of The Voice in 2018. She will host her own daytime talk show, The Kelly Clarkson Show, which is set to premiere in 2019. Clarkson has also appeared in advertisements to promote brands such as Ford, NASCAR, Pepsi, Amazon Kindle, and Citizen Watches.",1
SMS_home_routing,"SMS_home_routing  2008-06-06T14:25:44Z   SMS home routing is a term used in mobile telephony referring to cases in which the responsibility for the delivery of a Short message service (SMS) is assumed by the receiving mobile operator rather than the sending mobile operator. Mobile operators use SMS home routing to control the reception of SMS messages into their network, in all cross-network SMS traffic, including roaming situations. SMS home routing is a new architecture where the ‘recipient’ mobile operator takes control of the final delivery of text messages to the subscriber. In the current SMS delivery infrastructure, the sending operator has control and full visibility over the delivery of the message, being able to communicate with its subscriber whether the message has been delivered or not. When the sending operator looses this control, the transparency in the message delivery is compromised, as well as the delivery itself. Although the home routing system is enhanced in roaming situations, it applies to all cross-network SMS traffic, which includes domestic and international messaging traffic. Technically speaking, a home routing system can be deployed by installing a patch to its Home Location Register (HLR), as well as the deployment of SMS routers in their network. Although still in early stages, the SMS home routing system has already been deployed by some operators in Europe and Asia Pacific. Some problems have been already noticed by companies offering services in the mobile sector and there is concern about how passing control to the sending operator causes the quality of SMS to diminish. By implementing SMS home routing, the receiving operator has a control point for messaging delivery, which would enable it to offer its subscribers value-added services that might include antispam, auto reply, parental control and divert and auto copy. Theoretically operators can charge a premium for these features and therefore generate new revenue streams. Mobile operators might use SMS home routing as a filtering system, especially to prevent spam. This, however, has to be a transparent process especially when communicating this implementation to the operator’s roaming partners. A number of mobile messaging infrastructure providers are legitimately offering products in this space, including Telsis and Acision. By implementing SMS home routing, the SMS delivery ecosystem could change dramatically, causing quality issues. If this new architecture becomes a standard hardware deployment in mobile networks, then the universal reliability of SMS messaging (congested networks or outages notwithstanding) may disappear. Risks when implementing SMS home routing might be: Decrease on the reliability of SMS means loss of consumer trust The SMS infrastructure with home routing could reduce the quality of SMS by allowing the receiving operator to filter messages, meaning there is a risk that not all messages will be delivered. This could potentially create a situation where delivery receipts issued by the sending operator are not valid anymore. For the subscriber, this could mean that messages sent and paid for aren’t guaranteed to arrive. Direct consequences might be the reduction of SMS interactions between subscribers as well as a loss in consumer confidence in SMS interaction with commercial entities such as TV voting and mobile marketing campaigns. Last but not least, complaints from subscribers of are likely to increase significantly, due to the lack of reliability and incorrect billing. Impact on the nascent enterprise SMS market The lack of reliability and transparency could also impact the growth of enterprise SMS. The restrictions in SMS delivery are an issue especially to enterprise customers, as there is a potential that enterprise SMS traffic might be jeopardized. Industry sectors using text messaging as a mechanism to alert consumers with emergency and critical information could also suffer from lack of delivery. This would result in less usage of the SMS messaging service, or even companies considering switching to other technologies. Lack of transparency among roaming partners When a mobile operator implements a Home Routing system without informing roaming partners, a transparency issue can also arise in regards to the delivery of messages, as well as the fees charged. ,  SMS_home_routing  2009-10-05T06:00:26Z   No issues specified. Please specify issues, or remove this template. SMS home routing is a term used in mobile telephony referring to cases in which the responsibility for the delivery of a Short message service (SMS) is assumed by the receiving mobile operator rather than the sending mobile operator. Mobile operators use SMS home routing to control the reception of SMS messages into their network, in all cross-network SMS traffic, including roaming situations. SMS home routing is a new architecture where the ‘recipient’ mobile operator takes control of the final delivery of text messages to the subscriber. In the current SMS delivery infrastructure, the sending operator has control and full visibility delivery of a message delivery, being able to communicate with its subscriber whether the message has been delivered or not. When the sending operator loses this control, the transparency of the message delivery is compromised, as well as the delivery itself. Although the home routing system is enhanced in roaming situations, it applies to all cross-network SMS traffic, which includes domestic and international messaging traffic. Technically speaking, a home routing system can be deployed by installing a patch to its Home Location Register (HLR), as well as the deployment of SMS routers in their network. Although still in early stages, the SMS home routing system has already been deployed by some operators in Europe and Asia Pacific. Some problems have been already noticed by companies offering services in the mobile sector and there is a concern about how passing the control over to the sending operator causes diminished SMS quality. By implementing SMS home routing, the receiving operator has a control over message delivery, which would enable it to offer its subscribers value-added services that might include anti-spam, auto reply, parental control and divert and auto copy. Theoretically operators can charge a premium cost for these features and therefore generate new revenue streams. Mobile operators might use SMS home routing as a filtering system, especially to prevent spam. This, however, has to be a transparent process especially when communicating this implementation to the operator’s roaming partners. A number of mobile messaging infrastructure providers are legitimately offering products under this category, including Symsoft, Telsis, Acision and Intervoice solutions from Convergys. By implementing SMS home routing, the SMS delivery ecosystem could change dramatically, causing quality issues. If this new architecture becomes a standard hardware deployment in mobile networks, then the universal reliability of SMS messaging (congested networks or outages notwithstanding) may disappear. Risks when implementing SMS home routing might be: Decrease on the reliability of SMS means loss of consumer trust The SMS infrastructure with home routing could reduce the quality of SMS by allowing the receiving operator to filter messages, meaning there is a risk that not all messages will be delivered. This could potentially create a situation where delivery receipts issued by the sending operator are not valid any more. For the subscriber, this could mean that messages sent and paid for aren’t guaranteed to arrive. Direct consequences might be the reduction of SMS interactions between subscribers as well as a loss in consumer confidence in SMS interaction with commercial entities such as TV voting and mobile marketing campaigns. Last but not least, complaints from subscribers of are likely to increase significantly, due to the lack of reliability and incorrect billing. Impact on the nascent enterprise SMS market The lack of reliability and transparency could also impact the growth of enterprise SMS. The restrictions in SMS delivery are an issue especially to enterprise customers, as there is a potential that enterprise SMS traffic might be jeopardized. Industry sectors using text messaging as a mechanism to alert consumers with emergency and critical information could also suffer from lack of delivery. This would result in less usage of the SMS messaging service, or even companies considering switching to other technologies. Lack of transparency among roaming partners When a mobile operator implements a Home Routing system without informing roaming partners, a transparency issue can also arise in regards to the delivery of messages, as well as the fees charged.",0
Usk_Valley_Walk,"Usk_Valley_Walk  2008-06-05T15:33:50Z   The Usk Valley Walk is a waymarked long distance footpath in south east Wales in the United Kingdom. The route runs some 77 kilometres / 48 miles. The whole route can be walked in three to five days. It follows some of the course of the River Usk and runs from an official walk start point at Caerleon, (not far upstream from the river's actual mouth at Uskmouth, south of Newport) up the river valley, with a few interesting detours, to Brecon in the north. It passes from Roman Caerleon uphill, climbing the Wentwood ridge, to descend into gentle dairy pastureland , visiting the riverside towns of Usk and Abergavenny, where it enters the Brecon Beacons National Park, follows the towpath of the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal, bypassing Crickhowell where it climbs again providing views of the Black Mountains, Wales falling back to canal towpath again. Just after Llangynidr it climbs again towards Talybont Reservoir with fine views of the highest part of the Brecon Beacons on the way. Passing below the reservoir the route climbs towards Talybont Forest rejoining the canal at Pencelli. The waymarked route currently terminates at Brecon. The route is waymarked using a symbol of an otter's head, an animal that any walker may well see on the river. A guidebook for the route is available from bookshops. The River Usk itself of course rises in the Carmarthenshire Fans below Fan Brycheiniog in the far west of the National Park and the river can be followed to its source on the more mountainous uplands from Brecon. ,  Usk_Valley_Walk  2009-08-12T18:21:47Z   The Usk Valley Walk is a waymarked long distance footpath in the counties of Monmouthshire and Powys in south east Wales. The route runs some 77 kilometres / 48 miles. The whole route can be walked in three to five days. The route follows some of the course of the River Usk and runs from a start point at Caerleon, not far upstream from the rivermouth at Uskmouth, south of Newport, up the river valley, with interesting detours, to Brecon in the north. It passes from Roman Caerleon uphill, climbing the Wentwood ridge, to descend into gentle dairy pastureland , visiting the riverside towns of Usk and Abergavenny, where it enters the Brecon Beacons National Park, follows the towpath of the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal, bypassing Crickhowell where it climbs again providing views of the Black Mountains, Wales falling back to canal towpath again. Just after Llangynidr it climbs again towards Talybont Reservoir with fine views of the highest part of the Brecon Beacons on the way. Passing below the reservoir the route climbs towards Talybont Forest rejoining the canal at Pencelli. The route ends at Brecon. The route is waymarked using a symbol of an otter's head, an animal that any walker may well see on the river. A guidebook for the route is available from bookshops. More adventurous walkers can follow further up the River Usk towards its source in the Carmarthenshire Fans below Fan Brycheiniog in the far west of the National Park.",0
Henry Thia,"Henry Thia  2011-03-23T16:39:41Z  Chinese-language singer and actor Henry Thia (Chinese: 程旭辉; pinyin: Chéng Xùhuī; born 25 February 1952, age 57) is a Singaporean actor who is probably best known for his roles in Money No Enough and Police & Thief as Hui & Georgie Gan respectively. He is best known for his catchphrase, ""Alamak!!"" (which means ""Oh no!!"" or ""I'm done for!!"" in Malay). 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2005 2004 2002 1999 1998 2010 2008 2007 2006 2002,  Henry Thia  2012-09-08T17:59:09Z  name  Chinese-language singer and actor Henry Thia (Chinese: 程旭辉; pinyin: Chéng Xùhuī, born 25 February 1952) is a Singaporean actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Hui in the 1998 film Money No Enough, and as Georgie Gan in the 2004 television drama Police & Thief. 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2005 2004 2002 1999 1998 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2002",1
Davidson-Duryea_gun_carriage,"Davidson-Duryea_gun_carriage  2008-12-07T00:37:58Z   The Davidson-Duryea gun carriage was a 3 or 4 wheel armed vehicle manufactured by the Duryea Motor Wagon Company in 1899 for military use. Royal Page Davidson of the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy in Highland Park, Illinois, was doing some experimenting about this time with automobile chassis, modifying them and adding machine guns with armored sheilding for protection of the driver. Davidson was the leading pioneer of armored military vehicles in the United States. Davidson designed a military gun carriage vehicle and ordered such a vehicle from Charles Duryea, a well known automobile manufacturer of the time. Charles Duryea, with his automobile manufacturing company, put it into a automobile style patent which he filed for on 16 May 1898. It was finally approved as Patent No. 653,224 on July 10, 1900. The military gun carriage gasoline driven vehicle was built on a Duryea Automobile Company standard production automobile chassis that was converted for military purposes. Previously in 1896 or 1897 Davidson made an attempt at a three wheeled gasoline vehicle for military purposes. His experimentation on this vehicle was at the Northwestern Military Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. He made a demonstration of his vehicle to the Army, however it soon broke down when it left Chicago to go to New York. The Army interpreteded this as too severe a task for such a vehicle and that the technology at the time was not up to such a task. The Army from then on leaned away from gasoline driven vehicles. In the gun carriage patent Duryea says the lighter form motor vehicle is a tricycle capable of seating two people. He further says the object of the invention was to provide a cheap, simple, and effective steering, a compact and durable speed-varying mechanism, a more ready control, an improved brake, a light air-jacketed engine, a cheap and simple balance-gear, and such other minor objects as may appear in the specification. Davidson arranged for a Colt . 30 caliber automatic machine gun to be mounted on the vehicle intended for military use. The vehicle manufactured by the Duryea Automobile Company was the first of a series of military vehicles constructed by Royal Page Davidson for the use by the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy. The first vehicles had three wheels (tricycle) and only a gun sheild for protection for the driver while the later vehicles Davidson designed were fully protected by armor. With this addition of the machine gun mounted on the vehicle one Northwestern cadet wrote, With this gun you could sneak upon an enemy and fire 480 shots and get away before they would know what happened. Davidson made this military armed vehicle in 1899 at the Northwestern Military Academy campus in Highland Park, Illinois. A drawing of the semi-protected military armored vehicle appeared in an 1899 Peoria newspaper. In the ""Minor Section"" section of the magazine The Horseless Age they said: The Peoria Rubber & Manufacturing Company of Peoria is pushing the motor gun carriage which they are making for Major Davidson in the hope that the Major may reach New York with it in time for the Dewey celebration. Davidson is the inventor of the first military vehicle in the United States. He received little credit from the Army for his efforts of being the first to build armored cars in the United States. In 1900 the gun carriage vehicle was modified to 4 wheels which eventually became the Davidson Auto Battery armored car, a lightly armored military vehicle. ,  Davidson-Duryea_gun_carriage  2009-05-16T12:54:43Z   The Davidson-Duryea gun carriage was a 3 and 4 wheeled armed armored vehicle manufactured in 1898 and 1899 for military use. Royal Page Davidson of the Northwestern Military Academy in Highland Park, Illinois, was doing some experimenting about this time with automobile chassis, modifying them and adding machine guns with armored shielding for protection of the driver. Davidson was the leading pioneer of armored military vehicles in the United States. Davidson designed the military gun carriage vehicle and ordered it to be built from the Peoria Rubber and Manufacturing Company using patents of Charles Duryea, a well known automobile manufacturer of the time. Charles Duryea, with his automobile manufacturing company, put it into an automobile style patent which he filed for on May 16th, 1898. It was finally approved as Patent No. 653,224 on July 10, 1900. The military gun carriage gasoline driven vehicle was built on a Duryea Automobile Company standard production automobile chassis that was converted for military purposes. The first ones cost $1,500. Previously in 1896 or 1897 Davidson made an attempt at a three wheeled gasoline vehicle for military purposes. His experimentation on this vehicle was at the Northwestern Military Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. He made a demonstration of his vehicle to the Army, however it soon broke down when it left Chicago to go to New York. The Army interpreteded this as too severe a task for such a vehicle and that the technology at the time was not up to such a task. The Army from then on leaned away from gasoline driven vehicles. In the gun carriage patent Duryea says the lighter form motor vehicle is a tricycle capable of seating two people. He further says the object of the invention was to provide a cheap, simple, and effective steering, a compact and durable speed-varying mechanism, a more ready control, an improved brake, a light air-jacketed engine, a cheap and simple balance-gear, and such other minor objects as may appear in the specification. Davidson arranged for a Colt . 30 caliber automatic machine gun to be mounted on the vehicle intended for military use. The vehicle was the first of a series of military vehicles constructed by Royal Page Davidson for the use by the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy. The first vehicles had three wheels (tricycle) and only a gun shield for protection for the driver while the later vehicles Davidson designed were fully protected by armor. Since it was originally of a tricycle configuration the three pneumatic wheels came with wooden spokes and were 36 inches in diameter. The one wheel in the front was used for steering. Later the partially armored vehicle was made with 4 single spoked wheels and a driving wheel was installed. The wheels did not come with mudguards. The vehicle had the capacity of four people to ride on top of the rear engine compartment, one driver and three passengers. The front seat driver and passenger faced forward, while the other two passengers were back-to-back on the rear seat and facing the opposite direction. The vehichle could go 200 miles on a tank of gas and held tents, blankets, equipment and ration supplies for a week of so. With the addition of the 4,000 round machine gun mounted on the vehicle one Northwestern cadet wrote, With this gun you could sneak upon an enemy and fire 480 shots a minute and get away before they would know what happened. Davidson made this military armed vehicle in 1899 at the Northwestern Military Academy campus in Highland Park, Illinois. A drawing of the semi-protected military armored vehicle appeared in an 1899 Peoria newspaper. In the ""Minor Section"" section of the magazine The Horseless Age they said: The Peoria Rubber & Manufacturing Company of Peoria is pushing the motor gun carriage which they are making for Major Davidson in the hope that the Major may reach New York with it in time for the Dewey celebration. The newspapers of the day reported that the United States was first to use motorized guns. In 1900 the gun carriage vehicle was modified into a sturdier four-wheeler which eventually became the Davidson Automobile Battery armored car, a lightly armored military vehicle. Davidson, inventor of the first military vehicle in the United States, received little credit from the Army for his efforts of being the first to build armored cars in the United States.",0
Asclepiodotus_of_Alexandria,"Asclepiodotus_of_Alexandria  2009-03-23T16:38:47Z   Asclepiodotus (Greek: Άσκληπιόδοτος) of Alexandria was a Neoplatonist philosopher who lived in the second half of the 5th century. He was a native of Alexandria who studied under Proclus in Athens. He eventually moved to Aphrodisias where he maintained a philosophy school jointly with another man also called Asclepiodotus, whose daughter, Damiane, he married. He wrote a commentary on Plato's Timaeus, which is however lost. He taught Damascius, who describes Asclepiodotus in disparaging terms, in part because of his disregard for oracular lore: Asclepiodotus' mind was not perfect, as most people thought. He was extremely sharp at raising questions, but not so acute in his understanding. His was an uneven intelligence, especially when it came to divine matters - the invisible and intelligible concept of Plato's lofty thought. Even more wanting was he in the field of higher wisdom - the Orphic and Chaldean lore which transcends common sense. He and his wife visited the shrine of Isis at Menouthis in Egypt, in order to cure Damiane's childlessness. A baby was produced, but the local Christians claimed it had been bought from a priestess, and used the affair as a pretext to destroy the shrine. ,  Asclepiodotus_of_Alexandria  2010-09-13T12:58:19Z   Asclepiodotus (Greek: Άσκληπιόδοτος) of Alexandria was a Neoplatonic philosopher who lived in the second half of the 5th century. He was a native of Alexandria who studied under Proclus in Athens. He eventually moved to Aphrodisias where he maintained a philosophy school jointly with another man also called Asclepiodotus, whose daughter, Damiane, he married. He wrote a commentary on Plato's Timaeus, which is however lost. He taught Damascius, who describes Asclepiodotus in disparaging terms, in part because of his disregard for oracular lore: Asclepiodotus' mind was not perfect, as most people thought. He was extremely sharp at raising questions, but not so acute in his understanding. His was an uneven intelligence, especially when it came to divine matters - the invisible and intelligible concept of Plato's lofty thought. Even more wanting was he in the field of higher wisdom - the Orphic and Chaldean lore which transcends common sense. He and his wife visited the shrine of Isis at Menouthis in Egypt, in order to cure Damiane's childlessness. A baby was produced, but the local Christians claimed it had been bought from a priestess, and used the affair as a pretext to destroy the shrine.",0
John Bostock,"John Bostock  2019-01-02T02:48:14Z  John Joseph Bostock (born 15 January 1992) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Toulouse FC. He made his professional debut for Crystal Palace at the age of 15. In 2008, he signed for Tottenham Hotspur for an initial £700,000. He played only four games for Tottenham, none of which were in the Premier League, and spent most of his time out on loan in The Football League and with Toronto FC of Major League Soccer. In 2013, he was released and moved to Belgium, representing Royal Antwerp and OH Leuven. In summer 2016, he joined French side Lens where he stayed for one and a half seasons. Born in England, Bostock represented that country up to under-19 level. In 2016, he chose to represent his ancestral Trinidad & Tobago at full international level, although he has yet to appear for them. Bostock made his league debut on 29 October 2007 at the age of 15 years and 287 days, playing 20 minutes as a substitute for Ben Watson in a 2–0 defeat to Watford at Selhurst Park, making him Palace's youngest ever player. He also became the youngest ever Palace player to start a game, aged 15 years and 295 days, on 6 November 2007 against Cardiff City at Ninian Park. On 30 May 2008, Tottenham Hotspur announced the signing of Bostock on their club website. Crystal Palace later issued a statement denying reports that an agreement had been reached with Tottenham. Tottenham and Crystal Palace entered negotiations over the transfer fee, but agreement could not be reached, leading to the sum being decided at a tribunal. On 9 July, the tribunal declared that Tottenham would pay £700,000 for Bostock, with add-on payments of up to £1.25m dependent on appearances and a further £200,000 should he make his full international debut. A sell-on clause entitles Crystal Palace to 15% of any profit Tottenham makes from any future sale of Bostock's contract. Crystal Palace chairman Simon Jordan said he was so disgusted with Bostock and his stepfather that he intended to revoke and refund their Selhurst Park season tickets for 2008–09, which the pair had already purchased. Bostock made his first team debut for Spurs in an 8–0 pre-season win over Spanish side Tavernes, providing the cross for Aaron Lennon's opening goal. On 6 November 2008, he made his competitive match debut in the 2008 UEFA Cup game against Dinamo Zagreb, coming on as a substitute, and becoming the youngest player ever to play for Spurs at 16 years, 295 days, just beating the previous record-holder Ally Dick by six days. Bostock made a further two appearances in the Uefa Cup that season, however his career with Tottenham stalled after that and had to wait until January 2012 for his next appearance, in an FA Cup match against Cheltenham Town. On 13 November 2009, Bostock joined League One outfit Brentford on loan for a month, he was handed the number 17 shirt immediately. Bostock scored twice on his debut against Millwall On 6 August 2010, Bostock had joined newly relegated Hull City on a season-long loan. He scored with a 30-yard strike described as a ""wonder goal"" on his debut against Swansea on 7 August. On 31 December 2010, Tottenham Hotspur announced that Bostock had returned early from his largely unsuccessful loan spell at Hull City. Bostock joined Sheffield Wednesday on loan on 30 January 2012 for the remainder of the 2011–12 season. He made his debut the following day as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with MK Dons. He was recalled to Spurs in March after playing only four games. Bostock joined Swindon Town on loan on 22 March 2012 for the remainder of the season, after Tottenham manager Harry Redknapp said it would be good for him to play under Paolo Di Canio. He made his debut on 25 March in the 2012 Football League Trophy Final, which Swindon lost 2–0 to Chesterfield. He made his league debut against Gillingham on 21 April. He made his home debut on 28 April, in a 5–0 win against Port Vale in a game that saw Swindon crowned League Two champions. He made his final appearance on the final day of the season in a 0–0 draw against Bradford. He returned on loan to Swindon on 30 August 2012 until January 2013. He made his first appearance 2 days later against Preston. He made his home debut on 5 September in the Football League Trophy against rivals Oxford United. Bostock returned to Tottenham on 7 January 2013. In February 2013, it was reported that Bostock was having trials with two different MLS clubs with a view to a loan move. Bostock officially joined Toronto FC on 8 March 2013, and made his debut for team the following day in a 2–1 home victory over Sporting Kansas City where he was substituted in the 85th minute. On 24 May 2013, Bostock was given a waiver (release) by Toronto, ending his loan stint with the club. On 7 June 2013, the Premier League confirmed that Bostock was one of a number of Premier League players who were being released by their clubs and were now free agents, advertising their availability to other clubs. The official announcement from Tottenham was made on 10 June 2013, which included Bostock, amongst a number of Spurs players who would not be re-signed and were being released. On 11 July 2013, Bostock joined Royal Antwerp in the Belgian second division under the tutelage of manager Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink. Despite scoring just one goal he flourished at Antwerp providing 16 assists in his first season and soon became a fans favourite helping the team to finish 6th in the league narrowly missing out on the playoffs. His strong performances earned him a move to newly relegated side Oud-Heverlee Leuven, where he continued to blossom. In his second season in Belgium, Bostock went on to help his new side OHL win promotion via the play offs. Along the way he scooped the Proximus Player of the Season Award after scoring 13 goals and providing 19 assists. On 5 July 2016, Bostock joined Ligue 2 team RC Lens on a two-year deal. On 9 August 2016, Bostock scored his first goal for Lens with a 26th-minute free-kick against AC Ajaccio in the first round of the Coupe de la Ligue. He scored his first league goal for the club in a 2–0 win over Nîmes on 15 August 2016. He scored an eighth-minute penalty in a 1–1 draw with Troyes on 26 August 2016 before scoring twice in a 4–2 win over Orléans on 20 September 2016. He scored his fifth league goal of the season with a penalty against Red Star on 30 September 2016. Bostock was named Ligue 2 player of the month in September and then again in October 2016. He was awarded Ligue 2 player of the year after his first season in French football on 15 May 2017. In January 2018, Bostock signed with Süper Lig side Bursaspor having agreed a 2½-year contract with the club. In July 2018, Bostock returned to France signing a three-year contract with Toulouse FC, managed by his former manager Alain Casanova. Bostock captained England at Under-17 level. He was eligible to represent England, Trinidad & Tobago and Scotland. In March 2013, the Trinidad and Tobago Football Federation announced that he had shown interest in representing the Soca Warriors at international level. Three years later, on 18 March 2016, he was selected for the double confrontation with Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification CONCACAF Fourth Round. England U16 Swindon Town OH Leuven,  John Bostock  2020-12-29T04:48:21Z  John Joseph Bostock (born 15 January 1992) is an English professional footballer who last played as a midfielder for Toulouse. He made his professional debut for Crystal Palace at the age of 15. In 2008, he signed for Tottenham Hotspur for an initial £700,000. He played only four games for Tottenham, none of which were in the Premier League, and spent most of his time out on loan in The Football League and with Toronto FC of Major League Soccer. In 2013, he was released and moved to Belgium, representing Royal Antwerp and OH Leuven. In summer 2016, he joined French side Lens where he stayed for one and a half seasons. Born in England, Bostock represented that country up to under-19 level. In 2016, he chose to represent his ancestral Trinidad & Tobago at full international level, although he has yet to appear for them. Bostock is a devout Christian. His family support Crystal Palace. As of November 2020 he had been married for 10 years and had a young son. Bostock began his career with Crystal Palace at the age of five. At the age of 14 he was offered a contract by Spanish club Barcelona. Bostock made his league debut on 29 October 2007 at the age of 15 years and 287 days, playing 20 minutes as a substitute for Ben Watson in a 2–0 defeat to Watford at Selhurst Park, making him Palace's youngest ever player. He also became the youngest ever Palace player to start a game, aged 15 years and 295 days, on 6 November 2007 against Cardiff City at Ninian Park. On 30 May 2008, Tottenham Hotspur announced the signing of Bostock on their club website. Crystal Palace later issued a statement denying reports that an agreement had been reached with Tottenham. Tottenham and Crystal Palace entered negotiations over the transfer fee, but agreement could not be reached, leading to the sum being decided at a tribunal. On 9 July, the tribunal declared that Tottenham would pay £700,000 for Bostock, with add-on payments of up to £1.25m dependent on appearances and a further £200,000 should he make his full international debut. A sell-on clause entitled Crystal Palace to 15% of any profit Tottenham makes from any future sale of Bostock's contract. Crystal Palace chairman Simon Jordan said he was so disgusted with Bostock and his stepfather that he intended to revoke and refund their Selhurst Park season tickets for 2008–09, which the pair had already purchased. Bostock made his first team debut for Spurs in an 8–0 pre-season win over Spanish side Tavernes, providing the cross for Aaron Lennon's opening goal. On 6 November 2008, he made his competitive match debut in the 2008 UEFA Cup game against Dinamo Zagreb, coming on as a substitute, and becoming the youngest player ever to play for Spurs at 16 years, 295 days, just beating the previous record-holder Ally Dick by six days. Bostock made a further two appearances in the UEFA Cup that season, however his career with Tottenham stalled after that and had to wait until January 2012 for his next appearance, in an FA Cup match against Cheltenham Town. On 13 November 2009, Bostock joined League One club Brentford on loan for a month, he was handed the number 17 shirt immediately. Bostock scored twice on his debut against Millwall On 6 August 2010, Bostock had joined newly relegated Hull City on a season-long loan. He scored with a 30-yard strike described as a ""wonder goal"" on his debut against Swansea on 7 August. On 31 December 2010, Tottenham Hotspur announced that Bostock had returned early from his largely unsuccessful loan spell at Hull City. Bostock joined Sheffield Wednesday on loan on 30 January 2012 for the remainder of the 2011–12 season. He made his debut the following day as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with MK Dons. He was recalled to Spurs in March after playing only four games. Bostock joined Swindon Town on loan on 22 March 2012 for the remainder of the season, after Tottenham manager Harry Redknapp said it would be good for him to play under Paolo Di Canio. He made his debut on 25 March in the 2012 Football League Trophy Final, which Swindon lost 2–0 to Chesterfield. He made his league debut against Gillingham on 21 April. He made his home debut on 28 April, in a 5–0 win against Port Vale in a game that saw Swindon crowned League Two champions. He made his final appearance on the final day of the season in a 0–0 draw against Bradford. He returned on loan to Swindon on 30 August 2012 until January 2013. He made his first appearance 2 days later against Preston. He made his home debut on 5 September in the Football League Trophy against rivals Oxford United. Bostock returned to Tottenham on 7 January 2013. In February 2013, it was reported that Bostock was having trials with two different MLS clubs with a view to a loan move. He officially joined Toronto FC on 8 March, and made his debut for team the following day in a 2–1 home victory over Sporting Kansas City where he was substituted in the 85th minute. On 24 May, Bostock was given a waiver (release) by Toronto, ending his loan stint with the club. On 7 June, the Premier League confirmed that Bostock was one of a number of Premier League players who were being released by their clubs and were now free agents, advertising their availability to other clubs. The official announcement from Tottenham was made on 10 June, which included Bostock, amongst a number of Spurs players who would not be re-signed and were being released. On 11 July 2013, Bostock joined Royal Antwerp in the Belgian second division under the tutelage of manager Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink. Despite scoring just one goal he flourished at Antwerp providing 16 assists in his first season and soon became a fans favourite helping the team to finish 6th in the league narrowly missing out on the playoffs. His strong performances earned him a move to newly relegated side Oud-Heverlee Leuven, where he continued to blossom. In his second season in Belgium, Bostock went on to help his new side OHL win promotion via the play offs. Along the way he scooped the Proximus Player of the Season Award after scoring 13 goals and providing 19 assists. On 5 July 2016, Bostock joined Ligue 2 team RC Lens on a two-year deal. On 9 August 2016, Bostock scored his first goal for Lens with a 26th-minute free-kick against AC Ajaccio in the first round of the Coupe de la Ligue. He scored his first league goal for the club in a 2–0 win over Nîmes on 15 August 2016. He scored an eighth-minute penalty in a 1–1 draw with Troyes on 26 August 2016 before scoring twice in a 4–2 win over Orléans on 20 September 2016. He scored his fifth league goal of the season with a penalty against Red Star on 30 September 2016. Bostock was named Ligue 2 player of the month in September and then again in October 2016. He was awarded Ligue 2 player of the year after his first season in French football on 15 May 2017. In January 2018, Bostock signed with Süper Lig side Bursaspor, having agreed a 2+1⁄2-year contract with the club. In July 2018, Bostock returned to France signing a three-year contract with Toulouse FC, managed by his former Lens boss Alain Casanova. On 8 August 2019, Bostock returned to England with a season-long loan to Championship side Nottingham Forest. He left Toulouse by mutual consent in October 2020. Bostock captained England at Under-17 level. He was eligible to represent England, Trinidad & Tobago and Scotland. In March 2013, the Trinidad and Tobago Football Federation announced that he had shown interest in representing the Soca Warriors at international level. Three years later, on 18 March 2016, he was selected for the double confrontation with Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification CONCACAF Fourth Round.",1
Rory McAllister (footballer),"Rory McAllister (footballer)  2014-02-11T09:26:03Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League Two. Rory McAlister came through the ranks at Aberdeen, but never played for the first team. However, he did play for the reserves on a few occasions. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in 50 games, but scored just 4 goals. He made his league début for Inverness as a second half substitute against his former club Aberdeen. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Scottish Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. In January 2009 was released by Inverness after playing 50 times and scoring 4 times for the Highlanders. McAllister then signed up for Brechin City, scoring a total of 34 goals in his first season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. McAllister's goalscoring exploits did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, Charlton Athletic, Dundee United and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. McAllister dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be close to Aberdeen in order to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, so he has something to fall back on when he retires from football. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He has also been capped at under-21 level. ,  Rory McAllister (footballer)  2015-11-22T12:59:03Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League One. Rory McAlister came through the ranks at Aberdeen, but never played for the first team. However, he did play for the reserves on a few occasions. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in over 50 games, but scored just 5 goals. He made his league début for Inverness on 30 April 2005, as a second-half substitute against Kilmarnock. His first goal came in a Scottish Cup tie against Ayr United on 7 January 2006. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. He played four times for the club and scored one goal, in a 9–2 victory against Berwick Rangers. In April 2008, McAllister signed a new one-year contract with Inverness, however on 24 January 2009, he left the club by mutual consent. After leaving Inverness, McAllister then signed for Brechin City, scoring a total of 26 goals in his first full season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. During the 2010–11 season McAllister scored four times in an away match against his old club Peterhead. In both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, McAllister was voted PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Year. McAllister's goalscoring exploits at Brechin did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, St. Johnstone, Peterhead, Charlton Athletic, Port Vale and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. On 16 June 2011, he turned down a move to SPL club St. Mirren. Having initially said he wanted to return to full-time football McAllister then dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be close to Aberdeen to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, so he has something to fall back on when he retires from football. On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal as Peterhead won 2–1 against Rangers at Ibrox. On 8 April 2014, McAllister was awarded the SPFL Player of the month for March 2014, after scoring eight goals in six games during the month, becoming the first player from outside the Scottish Premiership to win the award. On 12 April 2014, McAllister scored Peterhead's second goal in a 2–0 win against Clyde, a result which meant the club won the Scottish League Two title and promotion to League One. On 27 April 2014, McAllister was named as PFA Scotland League Two Player of the Year for 2013–14. He signed a new contract on 11 August 2014, keeping him at Peterhead until 2017. In an interview in 2015 McAllister said he could not see himself leaving Peterhead for the rest of his career. On 18 August 2015, McAllister scored 5 goals in cup match against Falkirk. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, scoring once in 2007 against Northern Ireland under–21. He has also been capped at under-21 level.",1
Srabanti Chatterjee,"Srabanti Chatterjee  2014-01-07T08:11:37Z  Srabanti Chatterjee Biswas (born 13 August 1987) is a Bengali Film actress. She is commonly known by her first name only, Srabanti (alternately Shrabonti). Srabanti primarily works in Cinema of West Bengal, based in Kolkata. She started her career in 1997 in Mayar Badhon. Her first major role was in 2003 film Champion. She married Rajib Biswas, an Assistant Director of Hindi films such as Yugpurush (1998) and Ghulam-E-Mustafa (1997). After a hiatus of 5 years, Srabanti acted in 2008 film Bhalobasha Bhalobasha. This was followed by a number of films in the next five years, including several box office hits. In 2013, she acted in Aparna Sen's Goynar Baksho. Srabanti born in Kolkata, India. She married film director Rajib Biswas in 2003 after being in a relationship for a couple of years. ,  Srabanti Chatterjee  2015-12-20T09:26:32Z  Srabanti Chatterjee (born August 13, 1987) is a Bengali Film and television actress. She is commonly known by her first name only, Srabanti (alternately Shrabonti). Srabanti primarily works in Cinema of West Bengal, based in Kolkata. She started her career in 1997 in Mayar Badhon. She also appeared in few telefilms for ETV Bangla. Her first major role was in 2003 film Champion. After a hiatus of 5 years, Srabanti acted in 2008 film Bhalobasha Bhalobasha. This was followed by a number of films in the upcoming years, including several box office hits. In 2013, she acted in Aparna Sen's Goynar Baksho.",1
Artificial_Limb_&_Appliance_Service,"Artificial_Limb_&_Appliance_Service  2008-06-16T14:47:58Z   The Artificial Limb & Appliance Service (ALAS) is an NHS Wales organisation providing support, equipment and rehabilitation to people with permanent or long-term impairment. It is commissioned by Health Commission Wales (an executive agency of the Welsh Assembly Government), and is provided through a consortium arrangement between three NHS Wales trusts, each hosting one centre (ALAC). The centres are situated in: The Artificial Limb & Appliance Service originated during the First World War. The War Office (precursor to the British Ministry of Defence) set up a service in Roehampton to deal with the needs of military amputees. From the 1960s, the service had expanded and was operated by the UK Government's Department of Health and Social Security for a largely civilian population. By then, wheelchair supply and other related disablement services had been added to the remit. The majority of service users were elderly individuals who often had disabilities due to systemic medical conditions. In 1984 the British government set up the McColl working party to review and report on the quality and management of disablement services in England. In 1986 it recommended a new management board should be set up to manage their efficiency and cost effectiveness. As a result, the Disablement Services Authority (DSA) was set up in England to manage the 49 Artificial Limb & Appliance Centres (ALACs) through regional and district health authorities by 1991. ALAC services were transferred to the National Health Service in England in July 1991. After a period of consultation, it was agreed the Welsh Health Common Services Authority (WHCSA) should assume operational management responsibility for the services in April 1988. The Artificial Eye Service in Wales remained under Welsh Office management until it too was transferred to the WHCSA in 1993. At the time, it was agreed that the transfer should be for an interim period - April 1988 to April 1991. There would then be further consultation with the wider NHS in Wales. In 1995 the Secretary of State decided that the management of ALAS should transfer to the University Hospital of Wales, Morriston and Wrexham  ,  Artificial_Limb_&_Appliance_Service  2011-01-29T11:38:57Z   The Artificial Limb & Appliance Service (ALAS) is an NHS Wales organisation providing support, equipment and rehabilitation to people with permanent or long-term impairment. It is commissioned by Health Commission Wales (an executive agency of the Welsh Assembly Government), and is provided through a consortium arrangement between three NHS Wales trusts, each hosting one centre (ALAC). The centres are situated in: The Euro Plumbing & Appliance Service. The War Office (precursor to the British Ministry of Defence) set up a service in Roehampton to deal with the needs of military amputees. From the 1960s, the service had expanded and was operated by the UK Government's Department of Health and Social Security for a largely civilian population. By then, wheelchair supply and other related disablement services had been added to the remit. The majority of service users were elderly individuals who often had disabilities due to systemic medical conditions. In 1984 the British government set up the McColl working party to review and report on the quality and management of disablement services in England. In 1986 it recommended a new management board should be set up to manage their efficiency and cost effectiveness. As a result, the Disablement Services Authority (DSA) was set up in England to manage the 49 Artificial Limb & Appliance Centres (ALACs) through regional and district health authorities by 1991. ALAC services were transferred to the National Health Service in England in July 1991. After a period of consultation, it was agreed the Welsh Health Common Services Authority (WHCSA) should assume operational management responsibility for the services in April 1988. The Artificial Eye Service in Wales remained under Welsh Office management until it too was transferred to the WHCSA in 1993. At the time, it was agreed that the transfer should be for an interim period - April 1988 to April 1991. There would then be further consultation with the wider NHS in Wales. In 1995 the Secretary of State decided that the management of ALAS should transfer to the University Hospital of Wales, Morriston and Wrexham",0
Apple_Pie_ABC,"Apple_Pie_ABC  2011-01-31T10:19:04Z   Apple Pie ABC is one of the earliest and most enduring English alphabet rhymes for children. The Apple Pie ABC is a simple rhyme meant to teach children the order of the alphabet and relates the various ways children react to an apple pie. After the first line, A was an apple pie, the rest of the letters refer to verbs. The earliest printed versions, dating from the 18th century, have the following form: A was an Apple pie; B bit it; C cut it; D dealt it; E eat it; F fought for it; G got it; H had it; J joined it; K kept it; L longed for it; M mourned for it; N nodded at it; O opened it; P peeped in it; Q quartered it; R ran for it; S stole it; T took it; V viewed it; W wanted it; X, Y, Z, and ampersand, All wished for a piece in hand. At that time the writing of the capital letters I and J, and of U and V, was not differentiated, which explains the absence of the two vowels. The earliest mention of the rhyme appears in a religious work dated 1671, but covers only the letters A-G. It first appears in printed form in Child’s New Play-Thing: being a spelling-book intended to make the learning to read a diversion instead of a task (London 1742, Boston 1750), followed soon after by Tom Thumb's Play-Book to teach children their letters as soon as they can speak, being a new and pleasant method to allure little ones in the first principles of learning (London 1747, Boston 1764). The latter was reprinted eight times in the U. S. by the end of the century. But by then much the same rhyme was appearing under the macabre title The Tragical Death of A, Apple Pye Who was Cut in Pieces and Eat by Twenty-Five Gentlemen with whom All Little People Ought to be Very well acquainted (London 1770, Worcester, Mass. 1787) - also many times reprinted in both countries. Variations in wording began to appear with the start of the 19th century. The History of the APPLE PIE, an Alphabet for little Masters and Misses, ‘written by Z’ (London 1808), has B bit it, C cried for it, D danced for it, E eyed it, F fiddled for it, G gobbled it, H hid it, I inspected it, J jumped over it, K kicked it, L laughed at it, M mourned for it, N nodded for it, O opened it, P peeped into it, Q quaked for it, R rode for it, S skipped for it, T took it, U upset it, V viewed it, W warbled for it, X Xerxes drew his sword for it, Y yawned for it, Z zealous that all good boys and girls should be acquainted with his family, sat down and wrote the history of it. The most popular illustrated later edition of the rhyme was Kate Greenaway’s A Apple Pie: An Old-Fashioned Alphabet Book (London, 1886), which has been continuously reprinted up to the present and is also freely available online. In place of the plaintive yearning for a piece of the pie with which the original version ends, she substitutes the more fulfilled UVWXYZ all had a large slice and went off to bed, so allowing herself to get away with only twenty illustrations! The rhyme also began to be changed in other ways, as in The Real History of the Apple Pie, which has an extended coda: Eventually completely original works were created that took their beginning from the rhyme. In 1871 Edward Lear made fun of it in his nonsense parody ""A was once an apple pie"", which soon diverged into nursery language and then treated other subjects for the rest of the alphabet. The illustrations in McLoughlin Brothers' linen-mounted Apple Pie ABC (New York, 1888) appear to be largely dependent on the original work but the verses are different: In 1899, however, the firm printed the original rhyme under the title ABC of the Apple Pie. Meanwhile Raphael Tuck and Sons were publishing their own linen-mounted Father Tuck’s Apple Pie ABC (London, 1899) which, once more, features a completely different rhyme: Despite the popularity of revised and new versions during the 19th century, the original rhyme did not drop out of circulation. Both Kate Greenaway’s A, Apple Pie and McLoughlin’s ABC of the Apple Pie are largely based on the original, as were some in the 20th century. The accompanying illustrations, however, have moved their focus from using children as protagonists to a more fanciful approach this century, ranging from the whimsical beasts of Étienne Delessert (Aa was an Apple Pie, Mankato, Minn. 2005), to the animated alphabet of England's Luke Farookhi. The nursery rhyme seems to have appealed particularly to the English writer Charles Dickens, who mentions it in three different mediums. The first is in the course of an essay on “A Christmas Tree” (1850), on which the illustrated nursery books so popular at the time are hung. Thin books, in themselves, at first, but many of them, and with deliciously smooth covers of bright red or green. What fat black letters to begin with! ""A was an archer, and shot at a frog. "" Of course he was. He was an apple-pie also, and there he is! He was a good many things in his time, was A, and so were most of his friends, except X, who had so little versatility, that I never knew him to get beyond Xerxes or Xantippe. A little later, he was writing the novel “Bleak House” (1852) where, in chapter 8, legal process in the Court of Chancery is being described: Equity sends questions to law, law sends questions back to equity; law finds it can't do this, equity finds it can't do that; neither can so much as say it can't do anything, without this solicitor instructing and this counsel appearing for A, and that solicitor instructing and that counsel appearing for B; and so on through the whole alphabet, like the history of the apple pie. Finally there is his story of “The Italian Prisoner” (1860), which details the difficulties of transporting an enormous bottle of wine through Italy. The suspicions that attached to this innocent Bottle greatly aggravated my difficulties. It was like the apple-pie in the child's book. Parma pouted at it, Modena mocked it, Tuscany tackled it, Naples nibbled it, Rome refused it, Austria accused it, Soldiers suspected it, Jesuits jobbed it. The reference to Xerxes in the first of these quotations, and to ‘the history of the apple pie’ in the second, suggests that it is the ‘Z’ version with which Dickens is acquainted. Beside the various editions listed in their Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, there are 19th century books from the Opies' personal collection, given to the Bodleian Library in Oxford. See pages 1–2 of the catalogue here. ,  Apple_Pie_ABC  2012-06-17T20:58:37Z   Apple Pie ABC is one of the earliest and most enduring English alphabet rhymes for children. The Apple Pie ABC is a simple rhyme meant to teach children the order of the alphabet and relates the various ways children react to an apple pie. After the first line, A was an apple pie, the rest of the letters refer to verbs. The earliest printed versions, dating from the 18th century, have the following form: A was an Apple pie; B bit it; C cut it; D dealt it; E eat it; F fought for it; G got it; H had it; J joined it; K kept it; L longed for it; M mourned for it; N nodded at it; O opened it; P peeped in it; Q quartered it; R ran for it; S stole it; T took it; V viewed it; W wanted it; X, Y, Z, and ampersand, All wished for a piece in hand. At that time the writing of the capital letters I and J, and of U and V, was not differentiated, which explains the absence of the two vowels. The earliest mention of the rhyme appears in a religious work dated 1671, but covers only the letters A-G. It first appears in printed form in Child’s New Play-Thing: being a spelling-book intended to make the learning to read a diversion instead of a task (London 1742, Boston 1750), followed soon after by Tom Thumb's Play-Book to teach children their letters as soon as they can speak, being a new and pleasant method to allure little ones in the first principles of learning (London 1747, Boston 1764). The latter was reprinted eight times in the U. S. by the end of the century. But by then much the same rhyme was appearing under the macabre title The Tragical Death of A, Apple Pye Who was Cut in Pieces and Eat by Twenty-Five Gentlemen with whom All Little People Ought to be Very well acquainted (London 1770, Worcester, Mass. 1787) - also many times reprinted in both countries. Variations in wording began to appear with the start of the 19th century. The History of the APPLE PIE, an Alphabet for little Masters and Misses, ‘written by Z’ (London 1808), has B bit it, C cried for it, D danced for it, E eyed it, F fiddled for it, G gobbled it, H hid it, I inspected it, J jumped over it, K kicked it, L laughed at it, M mourned for it, N nodded for it, O opened it, P peeped into it, Q quaked for it, R rode for it, S skipped for it, T took it, U upset it, V viewed it, W warbled for it, X Xerxes drew his sword for it, Y yawned for it, Z zealous that all good boys and girls should be acquainted with his family, sat down and wrote the history of it. The most popular illustrated later edition of the rhyme was Kate Greenaway’s A Apple Pie: An Old-Fashioned Alphabet Book (London, 1886), which has been continuously reprinted up to the present. In place of the plaintive yearning for a piece of the pie with which the original version ends, she substitutes the more fulfilled UVWXYZ all had a large slice and went off to bed, so allowing herself to get away with only twenty illustrations! The rhyme also began to be changed in other ways, as in The Real History of the Apple Pie, which has an extended coda: Eventually completely original works were created that took their beginning from the rhyme. In 1871 Edward Lear made fun of it in his nonsense parody ""A was once an apple pie"", which soon diverged into nursery language and then treated other subjects for the rest of the alphabet. The illustrations in McLoughlin Brothers' linen-mounted Apple Pie ABC (New York, 1888) appear to be largely dependent on the original work but the verses are different: In 1899, however, the firm printed the original rhyme under the title ABC of the Apple Pie. Meanwhile Raphael Tuck and Sons were publishing their own linen-mounted Father Tuck’s Apple Pie ABC (London, 1899) which, once more, features a completely different rhyme: Despite the popularity of revised and new versions during the 19th century, the original rhyme did not drop out of circulation. Both Kate Greenaway’s A, Apple Pie and McLoughlin’s ABC of the Apple Pie are largely based on the original, as were some in the 20th century. The accompanying illustrations, however, have moved their focus from using children as protagonists to a more fanciful approach this century, ranging from the whimsical beasts of Étienne Delessert (Aa was an Apple Pie, Mankato, Minn. 2005), to the animated alphabet of England's Luke Farookhi. The nursery rhyme seems to have appealed particularly to the English writer Charles Dickens, who mentions it in three different mediums. The first is in the course of an essay on “A Christmas Tree” (1850), on which the illustrated nursery books so popular at the time are hung. Thin books, in themselves, at first, but many of them, and with deliciously smooth covers of bright red or green. What fat black letters to begin with! ""A was an archer, and shot at a frog. "" Of course he was. He was an apple-pie also, and there he is! He was a good many things in his time, was A, and so were most of his friends, except X, who had so little versatility, that I never knew him to get beyond Xerxes or Xantippe. A little later, he was writing the novel “Bleak House” (1852) and introduces an allusion into a description of legal process in the Court of Chancery: Equity sends questions to law, law sends questions back to equity; law finds it can't do this, equity finds it can't do that; neither can so much as say it can't do anything, without this solicitor instructing and this counsel appearing for A, and that solicitor instructing and that counsel appearing for B; and so on through the whole alphabet, like the history of the apple pie. Finally there is his story of “The Italian Prisoner” (1860), which details the difficulties of transporting an enormous bottle of wine through Italy. The suspicions that attached to this innocent Bottle greatly aggravated my difficulties. It was like the apple-pie in the child's book. Parma pouted at it, Modena mocked it, Tuscany tackled it, Naples nibbled it, Rome refused it, Austria accused it, Soldiers suspected it, Jesuits jobbed it. The reference to Xerxes in the first of these quotations, and to ‘the history of the apple pie’ in the second, suggests that it is the ‘Z’ version with which Dickens is acquainted. Beside the various editions listed in their Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, there are 19th-century books from the Opies' personal collection, given to the Bodleian Library in Oxford. See pages 1–2 of the catalogue here.",0
Alan Ayckbourn,"Alan Ayckbourn  2001-09-24T18:01:01Z  English playwrighter Alan Ayckbourn, born in London in 1939, is a popular and prolific writer. He has written and produced some sixty plays in Scarborough and London and is the artistic director of the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough. Almost all of the 60 plays he has written to date received their first performance at this theatre. More than 25 have subsequently been produced in the West End, at the Royal National Theatre or the RSC since his first hit ‘Relatively Speaking’ opened at the Duke of York's Theatre in 1967. Major successes include ‘Absurd Person Singular’, ‘The Norman Conquests’, ‘Bedroom Farce’, ‘Just Between Ourselves’, ‘A Chorus Of Disapproval’,’ Woman In Mind’,’ A Small Family Business’,’ Man Of The Moment’ and ‘House & Garden’. His plays have won numerous awards - including seven London Evening Standard Awards. They have been translated into over 30 languages and are performed on stage and television throughout the world. They have also been filmed in French and English. Four of his plays have been seen on Broadway attracting two Tony nominations. In 1991, he received a Dramalogue Critics Award for his play ‘Henceforward...’ Because he is both popular and prolific, most theatre critics and scholars have until lately, ignored him. Although his plays have received major West End productions almost from the beginning of his writing career, and hence have been reviewed in British newspapers, Ayckbourn's work was for years routinely dismissed as being too slight for serious study. Recently scholars have begun to view Ayckbourn as an important commentator on the lifestyles of the British suburban middle-class and as a stylistic innovator, experimenting with theatrical styles within the boundaries set by popular tastes. ,  Alan Ayckbourn  2002-11-02T20:32:16Z  English playwright Alan Ayckbourn, born in London in 1939, is a popular and prolific writer. He has written and produced some sixty plays in Scarborough and London and is the artistic director of the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough. Almost all of the more than 60 plays he has written to date received their first performance at this theatre. More than 25 have subsequently been produced in the West End, at the Royal National Theatre or by the RSC since his first hit Relatively Speaking opened at the Duke of York's Theatre in 1967. Major successes include Absurd Person Singular, The Norman Conquests, Bedroom Farce, Just Between Ourselves, A Chorus Of Disapproval, Woman In Mind, A Small Family Business, Man Of The Moment and House & Garden. His plays have won numerous awards - including seven London Evening Standard Awards. They have been translated into over 30 languages and are performed on stage and television throughout the world. They have also been filmed in French and English. Four of his plays have been seen on Broadway attracting two Tony nominations. In 1991, he received a Dramalogue Critics Award for his play Henceforward.... As Ayckbourn is both popular and prolific, most theatre critics and scholars have until lately ignored him. Although his plays have received major West End productions almost from the beginning of his writing career, and hence have been reviewed in British newspapers, Ayckbourn's work was for years routinely dismissed as being too slight for serious study. Recently scholars have begun to view Ayckbourn as an important commentator on the lifestyles of the British suburban middle-class and as a stylistic innovator, experimenting with theatrical styles within the boundaries set by popular tastes. The Plays of Alan Ayckbourn. (*) retitled",1
Valerie Mahaffey,"Valerie Mahaffey  2009-02-02T01:00:26Z  Valerie Mahaffey, as born on June 16, 1953 in Sumatra, Indonesia, and then moved to Austin, Texas, United States when she was 16. She is an American actress who won an Emmy Award for her work on Northern Exposure. She later won fame through her portrayal of extroverted and friendly but ultimately insane women on the television shows Wings and Desperate Housewives. In 1991, Mahaffey gained recognition for her recurring role as Eve on Northern Exposure. In a 1991 episode of Seinfeld entitled “The Truth”, she played George Costanza’s girlfriend. Also in 1991, she was in an episode of Cheers, entitled Achilles Hill where the landlord will forfeit rent if Sam Malone avoids his daughter (Mahaffey). Starting in the 1993 season of the sitcom Wings, Mahaffey had a recurring role as Sandy Cooper, a friend of Joe, Brian, and Helen from high school. She had an insane obsessive crush on Joe, but he was unable to convince anyone else of this because she acted completely normal except when she is left alone with Joe, who nicknamed her ""Psycho Sandy."" She would appear on different occasions and carefully plan her “life with Joe” when he was alone with her, including a re-enacted high school prom, a wedding, and a first baby. In 1995, Mahaffey originated the role of Malone in the Designing Women spin-off Women of the House, substituting for Julie Hagerty, who was committed to another project. Hagerty eventually joined the show, taped two episodes and resigned. Mahaffey returned for one additional episode, then the character abruptly vanished without explanation. Some of Mahaffey's other guest starring roles on series television include a 1990 role on Quantum Leap, a 2002 role on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and a 2006 role on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. She won acclaim in the 2006-07 season of Desperate Housewives for her role as Alma Hodge, a psychotic woman who is so desperate to have a baby that she attempts to rape her former husband, Orson Hodge to become pregnant. In 2007, she portrayed Marilyn Sullivan, a mother who physically abused her daughter in the episode In Which Charlotte Goes Down the Rabbit Hole on Private Practice. Mahaffey starred in the 1997 film Jungle 2 Jungle and has an upcoming role in the 2009 film Summer Eleven. She is married to Joseph Kell, with whom she has one child. ,  Valerie Mahaffey  2010-12-08T21:27:45Z  Valerie Mahaffey (born on June 16, 1953) is an American actress who won an Emmy Award for her work on Northern Exposure. She later won fame through her portrayal of extroverted and friendly but ultimately insane women on the television shows Wings and Desperate Housewives. Her stage credits include Eastern Standard, Talking Heads, Top Girls, and Rex. She also guest starred in Hannah Montana Forever. She appeared on Hannah Montana Forever in the episode ""I'll Always Remember You"" as Ms. Jameson. She is married to Joseph Kell, with whom she has one child.",1
Sopi_Coalition,"Sopi_Coalition  2008-12-09T21:39:26Z   The Sopi Coalition (Wolof for Change) is the governing political alliance in Senegal. The alliance is composed of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) and smaller parties, and it supports President Abdoulaye Wade, who is also the Secretary-General of the PDS. In the April 2001 parliamentary election, the Sopi Coalition won 49. 59% of the popular vote and 89 out of 120 seats in the National Assembly. Six years later, in the parliamentary election of 3 June 2007 (which was boycotted by most of the opposition), the Sopi Coalition 2007 won 69. 1% of the popular vote and 131 out of 150 seats. ,  Sopi_Coalition  2018-05-24T15:04:49Z   The Sopi Coalition was the governing political alliance in Senegal during the presidency of Abdoulaye Wade. The alliance is composed of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) and smaller parties. Wade is the Secretary-General of the PDS. The alliance's name came from large crowds chanting ""Sopi! Sopi!"" at Wade's rallies during his successful campaign for president in 2000. ""Sopi"" is the Wolof word for ""change. "" In the April 2001 parliamentary election, the Sopi Coalition won 49. 59% of the popular vote and 89 out of 120 seats in the National Assembly. Six years later, in the parliamentary election of 3 June 2007 (which was boycotted by most of the opposition), the Sopi Coalition 2007 won 69. 21% of the popular vote and 131 out of 150 seats.",0
Mashouda,"Mashouda  2010-05-05T05:19:59Z   The Mashouda or Mashuda was the Algerian fleet flagship during the Second Barbary War. It was captured by Stephen Decatur, leading to a favorable American position from which to bargain with the Dey of Algiers. The ship's name is a form of ""Massouda"", an Arabic female first name. ,  Mashouda  2011-06-28T23:00:26Z   The Mashouda or Mashuda was the Algerian fleet flagship during the Second Barbary War. It was captured by Stephen Decatur, leading to a favorable American position from which to bargain with the Dey of Algiers. The ship's name is a form of ""Massouda"", an Arabic female first name.",0
Arthur_Merriman,"Arthur_Merriman  2008-01-18T06:32:38Z   File:DFC (UK) ribbon. png DFC Dr Arthur Douglas Merriman GC, DFC, OBE, MA, MEd, DSc, CIMechE, FRSE (25 November 1892–1972) was a government scientist with the Ministry of Supply, an officer of the Royal Engineers and a recipient of the George Cross. Merriman was born in Lancashire. In the 1930s he was a teacher in Wallsend, before becoming Secretary of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors, in March 1938. They later awarded him an honorary fellowship, shortly before the events for which he was awarded the George Cross. In 1940 the Luftwaffe were continually bombing London as part of The Blitz. Merriman was a government scientist at the time, whose work included positions connected with the provision of air-raid shelters. When a bomb dropped on Regent Street on 11 September 1940, Merriman proceeded to remove most of the explosive from the bomb. When it did detonate, it caused minimal damage and for his actions he was awarded the George Cross on 3 December 1940. The George Cross is the highest award for bravery that can be awarded to civilians in the United Kingdom. On 1 January 1941 he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and given the acting rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. His substantive rank was increased to Lieutenant with effect 1 January 1942, and later to Major. On 6 January 1944 he was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division) (OBE) for ""gallant and distinguished services in the Middle East"". He was Scientific Adviser to the Commander-in-Chief Middle East. In 1946 he became Registrar-Secretary of the Institution of Metallurgists, a post he held until 1957. On 12 December 1955 he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for the County of London. In 1967 he became Master of the Worshipful Company of Tin Plate Workers. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Surrey in 1969. He died in 1972. The citation in the London Gazette reads: The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the GEORGE CROSS to:- Arthur Douglas Merriman, Part-time Experimental Officer, Directorate of Scientific Research, Ministry of Supply. For conspicuous bravery in connection with bomb disposal. ,  Arthur_Merriman  2009-09-14T01:20:31Z   DFC Dr Arthur Douglas Merriman GC, DFC, OBE, MA, MEd, DSc, CIMechE, FRSE (25 November 1892–1972) was a government scientist with the Ministry of Supply, an officer of the Royal Engineers and a recipient of the George Cross. Merriman was born in Lancashire. In the 1930s he was a teacher in Wallsend, before becoming Secretary of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors, in March 1938. They later awarded him an honorary fellowship, shortly before the events for which he was awarded the George Cross. In 1940 the Luftwaffe were continually bombing London as part of The Blitz. Merriman was a government scientist at the time, whose work included positions connected with the provision of air-raid shelters. When a bomb dropped on Regent Street on 11 September 1940, Merriman proceeded to remove most of the explosive from the bomb. When it did detonate, it caused minimal damage and for his actions he was awarded the George Cross on 3 December 1940. The George Cross is the highest award for bravery that can be awarded to civilians in the United Kingdom. On 1 January 1941 he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and given the acting rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. His substantive rank was increased to Lieutenant with effect 1 January 1942, and later to Major. On 6 January 1944 he was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division) (OBE) for ""gallant and distinguished services in the Middle East"". He was Scientific Adviser to the Commander-in-Chief Middle East. In 1946 he became Registrar-Secretary of the Institution of Metallurgists, a post he held until 1957. On 12 December 1955 he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for the County of London. In 1967 he became Master of the Worshipful Company of Tin Plate Workers. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Surrey in 1969. He died in 1972. The citation in the London Gazette reads: The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the GEORGE CROSS to:- Arthur Douglas Merriman, Part-time Experimental Officer, Directorate of Scientific Research, Ministry of Supply. For conspicuous bravery in connection with bomb disposal.",0
Douglas Costa,"Douglas Costa  2020-01-06T16:40:04Z  Douglas Costa de Souza (Portuguese pronunciation: ; born 14 September 1990) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a winger for Serie A club Juventus and the Brazil national team. He is known for his dribbling skills, speed and crossing ability. Costa started his career with Grêmio, before moving to Shakhtar Donetsk in January 2010 for a fee of €6 million. He won numerous trophies with Shakhtar, including a domestic treble in the 2010–11 season (Premier League, the Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup). In 2015, he joined Bayern for €30 million, where he won two consecutive league titles. He was loaned out to Juventus in 2017, and won a domestic double with the club in his first season. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent; he added another league title in his second season with the club. A full international since 2014, Costa represented Brazil at the 2015 Copa América and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Born in Sapucaia do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Douglas began his career with Grêmio, joining the club at the age of 11. He made his debut for the club at the age of 18 in a 2–1 victory over Botafogo on 4 October 2008, scoring his first goal for the club in the same match. He completed the 2008 season with one goal in six matches. On 14 June 2009 he was given a red card in a 0–0 draw with Fluminense. On 29 November 2009, he netted the first goal in a 4–2 victory over Grêmio Recreativo Barueri. He joined Ukrainian side Shakhtar Donetsk on 10 January 2010. He made 37 appearances for Grêmio, including 28 league appearances, scoring twice. On 10 January 2010, Costa signed a five-year contract with Shakhtar Donetsk in a deal worth €6 million. His debut came in a UEFA Europa League tie against English side Fulham on 18 February which Shakhtar lost 2–1. He came on as a substitute in the 75th minute, replacing Jádson. His home debut came in the return leg on 25 February; he came on as 53rd-minute replacement for Willian, assisting Jádson for Shakhtar's equaliser in a 1–1 draw. Shakhtar lost the tie 3–2 on aggregate. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win against Metalist Kharkiv on 14 March 2010. On 28 March, he scored a goal in injury time in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv, then scored a goal in a 3–0 victory over Chornomorets Odesa on 25 April. On 1 May, Costa scored a late goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Zaporizhya. He scored Shakhtar's third goal in a 3–2 victory over Tavriya Simferopol on 9 May. In his first season with Shakhtar, Douglas made 15 appearances, including 13 league appearances, scoring five goals, all of which came in the league. Shakhtar won the 2009–10 Premier League title, Costa's first trophy with the club. Costa's first appearance in the 2010–11 season came in the 7–1 Super Cup win against Tavriya on 4 July. On 30 July, he netted a brace in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv. He scored the fourth goal in Shakhtar's 5–0 victory over PFC Sevastopol. On 28 September, he scored a penalty, and assisted two Luiz Adriano goals in a 3–0 UEFA Champions League victory over Portuguese club Braga. On 28 September, he scored a penalty in a 4–0 win against Arsenal Kyiv. On 16 February, he netted the second goal, and assisted the third for Luiz Adriano, in a 3–2 victory over Roma. Shakhtar won the tie 6–2 on aggregate. On 1 April, he scored a late goal in a 3–1 victory over Illichivets Mariupol. He came on as a 95th-minute substitute in Shakhtar's 2–0 Ukrainian Cup Final victory over Dynamo Kyiv on 25 May. Shakhtar managed to end the season as treble winners, winning the Premier League, Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup. Costa made a total of 39 appearances for the club, scoring seven goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and five of the goals came in the league. Shakhtar started the 2011–12 season with a 3–1 loss in the Super Cup to Dynamo Kyiv on 5 July. Costa played the full 90 minutes. His first goal of the season came on 9 September, scoring the final goal in a 5–1 victory against Volyn Lutsk. On 2 October, he scored the equalising goal in a 4–1 victory over Zorya Luhansk. On 6 November, he scored the first goal in a 2–0 win over Obolon Kyiv. On 27 November, he scored a penalty to open the scoring in a 5–0 victory over Karpaty Lviv. On 2 December, he netted a goal against Arsenal Kyiv in a comprehensive 5–0 win. On 11 December, he scored the first goal in a 4–0 win against Kryvbas. On 27 April, he scored a 90th-minute goal in a 4–3 victory over Volyn in the Ukrainian Cup. He made a 62nd-minute substitute appearance, replacing Henrikh Mkhitaryan, in Shakhtar's 2–1 extra time victory over Metalurh Donetsk. At the end of the season, Shakhtar won the Premier League and the Ukrainian Cup, Costa's third Premier League title success in his third year with the club. He played 34 matches, scoring six goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and all six of the goals came in the league. Costa opened the 2012–13 season with a goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Donetsk in the Super Cup, his second success in the Super Cup with Shakhtar. He scored his first league goal of the season on 3 November 2012 when he converted a 20th-minute penalty against Metalurh Zaporizhya; the match finished 2–0 thanks to a late goal by Luiz Adriano. On 24 November, Douglas came off the bench in the 55th minute, replacing team captain Darijo Srna, and netted a goal seven minutes later when he was played in by Armenian forward Henrikh Mkhitaryan, as Shakhtar defeated Hoverla Uzhhorod 5–1. During the group stages of the season's edition of Champions League, Costa only managed three substitute appearances, totaling 23 minutes played, as Shakhtar finished second in the group behind Serie A champions Juventus, while dumping holders Chelsea out of the competition. Following an underwhelming first half of the 2012–13 campaign, Costa came off the bench to score a vital goal in Shakhtar's 2–2 first leg draw with Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League Round of 16 tie on 13 February 2013. Costa made his season debut in the Super Cup. In mid-season, he helped Shakhtar win the 2014 United Supercup, a tournament between the top-two placed clubs from Russia and Ukraine, becoming the joint top scorer of the tournament. He helped the club win the Premier League and was a joint assist leader of the league with nine assists. Costa played 32 games and scored 5 goals in his final season at Shakhtar Donetsk. On 1 July 2015, Bayern Munich announced they had signed Costa for a transfer fee of €30 million. Costa signed a five-year contract. The €30 million transfer fee was the fourth-highest in Bayern's history. He was given the number 11 shirt previously worn by Xherdan Shaqiri. He made his debut as a starter on 1 August in the 2015 DFL-Supercup away to VfL Wolfsburg, crossing for Arjen Robben to open the scoring in an eventual 1–1 draw; he netted his attempt in the subsequent penalty shoot-out, but his team lost nonetheless. Costa scored his first Bundesliga goal in his first Bundesliga game in a 5–0 win against Hamburger SV. On 21 May 2016, Costa scored the winning kick of the penalty shootout against Borussia Dortmund to win the 2016 DFB-Pokal Final and secure a league and cup double for Bayern. Costa enjoyed a good first season at Bayern scoring seven goals in 43 matches throughout all competitions. He started the season in great form and had 12 assists in his first 13 games. Then he picked up a muscle injury, and missed the last four games before the winter break. After the winter break, Costa could not regain his former form. In 27 Bundesliga matches, Costa scored four goals and had 14 assists. Costa got a new manager when Bayern hired Carlo Ancelotti. He had enjoyed regular playing time under Pep Guardiola and was a regular starter, but Ancelotti preferred Franck Ribéry as the left winger. Costa had a hamstring and knee injuries during the season and played in 34 matches in all competitions. He scored seven goals in those matches and matching his scoring tally from last season and did play nearly 1,400 fewer minutes then the season before. Costa had a fall-out with the Bayern board when he complained publicly about his lack of playing time under Ancelotti. Costa said ""I speak to the club often,"" he said. ""We talk about my situation, if I'll stay here or if I have to find another team to play for. I'm not always that happy here. But soon we will find a situation."" Shortly before, Bayern president Uli Hoeneß, had accused Costa of attempting to earn himself an improved contract when Costa publicly revealed he was unsure about where his future lay and cited interest from the Premier League, La Liga, Ligue 1 and the Chinese Super League. On 12 July 2017, Costa joined Juventus on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season, for €6 million. Juventus has an option to make the move permanent on 1 July 2018, for an additional €40 million fee (plus €1M in bonuses). On 13 August, he made his club debut, coming on as a substitute in a 3–2 defeat to Lazio in the 2017 Supercoppa Italiana. On 14 October, he scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home defeat to Lazio. In his debut season he scored four goals in Serie A in 31 appearances, and two goals in five appearances in the Coppa Italia, recording six goals in 47 appearances across all competitions, as Juventus won a domestic double; he also led the league in dribbles (106) and recorded the second-most assists (14) in Serie A. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent, signing Costa to a four-year deal for a fee of €40 million plus bonuses. On 16 September 2018, in a 2–1 home win over Sassuolo in Serie A, Costa was sent-off in injury time following an altercation with Federico Di Francesco. The two players had clashed in the build-up to Sassuolo's 91st minute consolation goal, scored by Khouma Babacar, following a late challenge on Di Francesco by Costa. As both players got up, Costa appeared to elbow Di Francesco and later attempted to headbutt him, before finally spitting in his face. Costa was initially booked for the headbutt, but the controversial incident was later reviewed by VAR officials, who alerted the referee of his subsequent actions, and as a result, he was sent off. Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri commented in the post-match press conference that Costa will be fined by the club. Costa later wrote a public apology on Instagram, stating ""I want to apologise to all the Juventus fans for this over the top reaction I had during today’s game. I also apologise to my teammates, who are always by my side, in good and bad times. It was ugly, I am aware of that and I apologise to everyone for that. I want to make clear that this isolated conduct has nothing to do with what I’ve shown throughout my career."" Two days later on 18 September, Costa was given a four-match Serie A ban for his elbow, attempted headbutt and spit on Federico Di Francesco. In November 2014, Costa was called up to the Brazil national team for the first time by coach Dunga, making his international debut against Turkey in Istanbul. In May 2015, Costa was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2015 Copa América. In the team's opening match, he came on as a substitute for Diego Tardelli and scored a stoppage-time winning goal against Peru, his first for the Seleção. In the quarter-final against Paraguay in Concepción, he replaced former Shakhtar teammate Willian for the final 30 minutes of a 1–1 draw, and then missed in the penalty shoot-out which eliminated Brazil. On 17 November, Costa scored his second goal for Brazil in 3–0 victory against Peru for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. Costa was initially included in Brazil's squad for the Copa América Centenario, but was forced to withdraw from the squad in late May 2016 after sustaining an injury to his left thigh; he was replaced by Kaká. On 14 June 2016, then-technical director Gilmar Rinaldi for the Brazilian Football Confederation, ""shortly after he was sacked"", stated that Bayern would let Costa play at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In May 2018, he was named in Tite's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Regarded as a promising prospect in his youth, in 2010, Costa was included in Don Balón's list of the 100 best young players born after 1989. A diminutive player, with a slender build and an eye for goal, he initially played as a forward or attacking midfielder in his early career, but later established himself as a versatile winger, capable of playing on either flank, and of adapting himself to several different formations, due to his energy and work-rate, as well as his powerful and accurate striking ability from distance with either foot; however, he usually favours the right wing, as it enables to cut into the centre onto his stronger left foot. Nicknamed the Flash, he is mainly known for his speed, agility, and explosive acceleration, both with and without the ball, as well as his dribbling skills, technical ability, creativity, and trickery in possession, which enable him to beat opponents in one on one situations. A creative player, he is also highly regarded for his crossing ability from the left flank, which makes him an excellent assist provider. Despite his talent, however, his discipline, mentality, and consistency have been brought into question at times by managers and pundits. Shakhtar Donetsk Bayern Munich Juventus Brazil U20,  Douglas Costa  2021-12-27T16:09:11Z  Douglas Costa de Souza (born 14 September 1990) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Brasileirão Série B club Grêmio, on loan from Serie A club Juventus. He is known for his dribbling skills, speed, acceleration, and crossing ability. Costa started his career with Grêmio, before moving to Shakhtar Donetsk in January 2010 for a fee of €6 million. He won numerous trophies with Shakhtar, including a domestic treble in the 2010–11 season (Premier League, the Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup). In 2015, he joined Bayern for €30 million, where he won two consecutive league titles. He was loaned out to Juventus in 2017, and won a domestic double with the club in his first season. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent; he added another two consecutive league titles in his next two seasons with the club, as well as a Supercoppa Italiana title. On deadline day of the 2020 summer transfer window, Costa returned to Bayern Munich on loan. A full international since 2014, Costa represented Brazil at the 2015 Copa América and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Born in Sapucaia do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Douglas began his career with Grêmio, joining the club at the age of 11. He made his debut for the club at the age of 18 in a 2–1 victory over Botafogo on 4 October 2008, scoring his first goal for the club in the same match. He completed the 2008 season with one goal in six matches. On 14 June 2009 he was given a red card in a 0–0 draw with Fluminense. On 29 November 2009, he netted the first goal in a 4–2 victory over Grêmio Recreativo Barueri. He joined Ukrainian side Shakhtar Donetsk on 10 January 2010. He made 37 appearances for Grêmio, including 28 league appearances, scoring twice. On 10 January 2010, Costa signed a five-year contract with Shakhtar Donetsk in a deal worth €6 million. His debut came in a UEFA Europa League tie against English side Fulham on 18 February which Shakhtar lost 2–1. He came on as a substitute in the 75th minute, replacing Jádson. His home debut came in the return leg on 25 February; he came on as 53rd-minute replacement for Willian, assisting Jádson for Shakhtar's equaliser in a 1–1 draw. Shakhtar lost the tie 3–2 on aggregate. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win against Metalist Kharkiv on 14 March 2010. On 28 March, he scored a goal in injury time in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv, then scored a goal in a 3–0 victory over Chornomorets Odesa on 25 April. On 1 May, Costa scored a late goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Zaporizhya. He scored Shakhtar's third goal in a 3–2 victory over Tavriya Simferopol on 9 May. In his first season with Shakhtar, Douglas made 15 appearances, including 13 league appearances, scoring five goals, all of which came in the league. Shakhtar won the 2009–10 Premier League title, Costa's first trophy with the club. Costa's first appearance in the 2010–11 season came in the 7–1 Super Cup win against Tavriya on 4 July. On 30 July, he netted a brace in a 3–1 victory against Arsenal Kyiv. He scored the fourth goal in Shakhtar's 5–0 victory over PFC Sevastopol. On 28 September, he scored a penalty, and assisted two Luiz Adriano goals in a 3–0 UEFA Champions League victory over Portuguese club Braga. On 28 September, he scored a penalty in a 4–0 win against Arsenal Kyiv. On 16 February, he netted the second goal, and assisted the third for Luiz Adriano, in a 3–2 victory over Roma. Shakhtar won the tie 6–2 on aggregate. On 1 April, he scored a late goal in a 3–1 victory over Illichivets Mariupol. He came on as a 95th-minute substitute in Shakhtar's 2–0 Ukrainian Cup Final victory over Dynamo Kyiv on 25 May. Shakhtar managed to end the season as treble winners, winning the Premier League, Ukrainian Cup and the Super Cup. Costa made a total of 39 appearances for the club, scoring seven goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and five of the goals came in the league. Shakhtar started the 2011–12 season with a 3–1 loss in the Super Cup to Dynamo Kyiv on 5 July. Costa played the full 90 minutes. His first goal of the season came on 9 September, scoring the final goal in a 5–1 victory against Volyn Lutsk. On 2 October, he scored the equalising goal in a 4–1 victory over Zorya Luhansk. On 6 November, he scored the first goal in a 2–0 win over Obolon Kyiv. On 27 November, he scored a penalty to open the scoring in a 5–0 victory over Karpaty Lviv. On 2 December, he netted a goal against Arsenal Kyiv in a comprehensive 5–0 win. On 11 December, he scored the first goal in a 4–0 win against Kryvbas. On 27 April, he scored a 90th-minute goal in a 4–3 victory over Volyn in the Ukrainian Cup. He made a 62nd-minute substitute appearance, replacing Henrikh Mkhitaryan, in Shakhtar's 2–1 extra time victory over Metalurh Donetsk. At the end of the season, Shakhtar won the Premier League and the Ukrainian Cup, Costa's third Premier League title success in his third year with the club. He played 34 matches, scoring six goals. Twenty-seven of the appearances and all six of the goals came in the league. Costa opened the 2012–13 season with a goal in Shakhtar's 2–0 win against Metalurh Donetsk in the Super Cup, his second success in the Super Cup with Shakhtar. He scored his first league goal of the season on 3 November 2012 when he converted a 20th-minute penalty against Metalurh Zaporizhya; the match finished 2–0 thanks to a late goal by Luiz Adriano. On 24 November, Douglas came off the bench in the 55th minute, replacing team captain Darijo Srna, and netted a goal seven minutes later when he was played in by Armenian forward Henrikh Mkhitaryan, as Shakhtar defeated Hoverla Uzhhorod 5–1. During the group stages of the season's edition of Champions League, Costa only managed three substitute appearances, totaling 23 minutes played, as Shakhtar finished second in the group behind Serie A champions Juventus, while dumping holders Chelsea out of the competition. Following an underwhelming first half of the 2012–13 campaign, Costa came off the bench to score a vital goal in Shakhtar's 2–2 first leg draw with Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League Round of 16 tie on 13 February 2013. Costa made his season debut in the Super Cup. In mid-season, he helped Shakhtar win the 2014 United Supercup, a tournament between the top-two placed clubs from Russia and Ukraine, becoming the joint top scorer of the tournament. He helped the club win the Premier League and was a joint assist leader of the league with nine assists. Costa played 33 games in all competitions and scored 5 goals in his final season at Shakhtar Donetsk, including a goal in a 7–0 away win over BATE Borisov in the Champions League. He also played in both matches in the Champions League round of 16 against Bayern Munich. On 1 July 2015, Bayern Munich announced they had signed Costa for a transfer fee of €30 million. Costa signed a five-year contract. The €30 million transfer fee was the fourth-highest in Bayern's history. He was given the number 11 shirt previously worn by Xherdan Shaqiri. He made his debut as a starter on 1 August in the 2015 DFL-Supercup away to VfL Wolfsburg, crossing for Arjen Robben to open the scoring in an eventual 1–1 draw; he netted his attempt in the subsequent penalty shoot-out, but his team lost nonetheless. Costa scored his first Bundesliga goal in his first Bundesliga game in a 5–0 win against Hamburger SV. On 21 May 2016, Costa scored the winning kick of the penalty shootout against Borussia Dortmund to win the 2016 DFB-Pokal Final and secure a league and cup double for Bayern. Costa enjoyed a good first season at Bayern scoring seven goals in 43 matches throughout all competitions. He started the season in great form and had 12 assists in his first 13 games. Then he picked up a muscle injury, and missed the last four games before the winter break. After the winter break, Costa could not regain his former form. In 27 Bundesliga matches, Costa scored four goals and had 14 assists. Costa got a new manager when Bayern hired Carlo Ancelotti. He had enjoyed regular playing time under Pep Guardiola and was a regular starter, but Ancelotti preferred Franck Ribéry as the left winger. Costa had a hamstring and knee injuries during the season and played in 34 matches in all competitions. He scored seven goals in those matches and matching his scoring tally from last season and did play nearly 1,400 fewer minutes than the season before. Costa had a fall-out with the Bayern board when he complained publicly about his lack of playing time under Ancelotti. Costa said ""I speak to the club often,"" he said. ""We talk about my situation, if I'll stay here or if I have to find another team to play for. I'm not always that happy here. But soon we will find a situation."" Shortly before, Bayern president Uli Hoeneß, had accused Costa of attempting to earn himself an improved contract when Costa publicly revealed he was unsure about where his future lay and cited interest from the Premier League, La Liga, Ligue 1 and the Chinese Super League. On 12 July 2017, Costa joined Juventus on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season, for €6 million. Juventus has an option to make the move permanent on 1 July 2018, for an additional €40 million fee (plus €1M in bonuses). On 13 August, he made his club debut, coming on as a substitute in a 3–2 defeat to Lazio in the 2017 Supercoppa Italiana. On 14 October, he scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home defeat to Lazio. In his debut season he scored four goals in Serie A in 31 appearances, and two goals in five appearances in the Coppa Italia (one of which came in Juventus's 4–0 victory over Milan in the 2018 Coppa Italia Final, at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, on 9 May), recording six goals in 47 appearances across all competitions, as Juventus won a domestic double; he also led the league in dribbles (106) and recorded the second-most assists (14) in Serie A. On 7 June 2018, Juventus made his loan move permanent, signing Costa to a four-year deal for a fee of €40 million plus bonuses. On 16 September 2018, in a 2–1 home win over Sassuolo in Serie A, Costa was sent-off in injury time following an altercation with Federico Di Francesco. The two players had clashed in the build-up to Sassuolo's 91st minute consolation goal, scored by Khouma Babacar, following a late challenge on Di Francesco by Costa. As both players got up, Costa appeared to elbow Di Francesco and later attempted to headbutt him, before finally spitting in his face. Costa was initially booked for the headbutt, but the controversial incident was later reviewed by VAR officials, who alerted the referee of his subsequent actions, and as a result, he was sent off. Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri commented in the post-match press conference that Costa will be fined by the club. Costa later wrote a public apology on Instagram, stating ""I want to apologise to all the Juventus fans for this over the top reaction I had during today’s game. I also apologise to my teammates, who are always by my side, in good and bad times. It was ugly, I am aware of that and I apologise to everyone for that. I want to make clear that this isolated conduct has nothing to do with what I’ve shown throughout my career."" Two days later on 18 September, Costa was given a four-match Serie A ban for his elbow, attempted headbutt and spit on Federico Di Francesco. On 6 November 2019, Costa scored his first Champions League goal with Juventus in a 2–1 away win against Lokomotiv Moscow. On 20 July 2020, he made his 100th appearance for Juventus in a 2–1 home win over Lazio. On 5 October 2020, on deadline day, Bayern Munich announced the return of Costa on a season-long loan. On 28 November, he scored his first goal of the season in a 3–1 away win over Stuttgart. After winning his third Bundesliga title with the club, his loan was brought to an end on 21 May 2021. On 21 May 2021, Juventus confirmed Costa's loan move to Grêmio for free until 30 June 2022. In November 2014, Costa was called up to the Brazil national team for the first time by coach Dunga, making his international debut against Turkey in Istanbul. In May 2015, Costa was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2015 Copa América. In the team's opening match, he came on as a substitute for Diego Tardelli and scored a stoppage-time winning goal against Peru, his first for the Seleção. In the quarter-final against Paraguay in Concepción, he replaced former Shakhtar teammate Willian for the final 30 minutes of a 1–1 draw, and then missed in the penalty shoot-out which eliminated Brazil. On 17 November, Costa scored his second goal for Brazil in 3–0 victory against Peru for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. Costa was initially included in Brazil's squad for the Copa América Centenario, but was forced to withdraw from the squad in late May 2016 after sustaining an injury to his left thigh; he was replaced by Kaká. On 14 June 2016, then-technical director Gilmar Rinaldi for the Brazilian Football Confederation, ""shortly after he was sacked"", stated that Bayern would let Costa play at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In May 2018, he was named in Tite's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Regarded as a promising prospect in his youth, in 2010, Costa was included in Don Balón's list of the 100 best young players born after 1989. A diminutive player, with a slender build and an eye for goal, he initially played as a forward or attacking midfielder in his early career, but later established himself as a versatile winger, capable of playing on either flank, and of adapting himself to several different formations, due to his energy and work-rate, as well as his powerful and accurate striking ability from distance with either foot; however, he usually favours the right wing, as it enables to cut into the centre onto his stronger left foot. Nicknamed the Flash, he is mainly known for his speed, agility, and explosive acceleration, both with and without the ball, as well as his dribbling skills, technical ability, creativity, and trickery in possession, which enable him to beat opponents in one on one situations. A creative player, he is also highly regarded for his crossing ability from the left flank, which makes him an excellent assist provider, despite not being particularly prolific in front of goal. His former Bayern Munich manager Guardiola once labelled him ""one of the best wingers in the world."" Despite his talent, however, his discipline, mentality, and consistency have been brought into question at times by managers and pundits. Shakhtar Donetsk Bayern Munich Juventus Brazil U20 Individual",1
Brisbane Broncos,"Brisbane Broncos  2019-01-01T09:35:10Z  The Brisbane Broncos Rugby League Football Club Ltd., commonly referred to as the Brisbane Broncos or colloquially as Red Hill, are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. Founded in April 1988, the Broncos play in Australia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships, including two NSWRL titles, a Super League premiership and three NRL premierships. They also have two World Club Challenges. The Broncos have achieved four minor premierships during their 29 years in multiple competitions, making them Rugby League's most successful club over the past three decades. Until 2015, Brisbane had never been defeated in a grand final, and since 1991, have only failed to qualify for the finals twice. They are the most successful club in the National Rugby League, since it began in 1998, winning three premierships. It is also one of the most successful clubs in the history of rugby league, having won 62.5% of games played since its induction in 1988, second only to Melbourne Storm with 65.2%. Since the club's founding, Brisbane has never received the wooden spoon. The club records the highest annual revenue of all NRL clubs – $A32.8m for the 2012 financial year – and is one of the most valuable clubs of any code in Australia, worth over $42 million. Along with financial competitiveness, the Broncos have been voted one of Australia's most popular and most watched football teams, and has one of the highest average attendances of any rugby league club in the world; 33,337 in the 2012 NRL season. The club was founded in April 1988 as part of the Winfield Cup's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. The Broncos later became the dominant force in the competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the newly created National Rugby League competition. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located, but they play their home games at Milton's Lang Park. It is the only publicly listed sporting club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). The club's current head coach is former South Sydney Rabbitohs coach, Anthony Seibold, who was the Dally M coach of the year for 2018. Queensland's success in the 1980s, the early years of the State of Origin series between Queensland and New South Wales, in addition to the inclusion of a combined Brisbane Rugby League team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane licence, the Queensland Rugby League chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. At the first meeting with the NSWRL hierarchy, the newly formed Brisbane Broncos were asked to pay a $500,000 fee. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain Wally Lewis and former BRL coach Wayne Bennett. The team made their debut in the NSWRL's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership against reigning premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, and defeated them 44–10. However, after this promising start they failed to make the finals. In their second season they won the mid-week knockout competition, the 1989 Panasonic Cup. The club first tasted premiership success in 1992, and again in 1993, defeating the St. George Dragons in both years at Sydney Football Stadium. In 1990, in order to increase in the Winfield Cup, Wayne Bennett controversially sacked Wally Lewis as the Broncos' captain and inserted Gene Miles into the job. Once Gene Miles retired, Wayne thought he could lessen the reliance on Wally Lewis, who he said was not a good club man or a good trainer. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the last clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit (The Canberra Raiders, Canterbury Bulldogs and Cronulla Sharks were the first to sign, and it was only revealed many years later that the Broncos were in fact one of the last clubs to sign for either competition). Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. Brisbane won the only Super League premiership in 1997, before winning the first National Rugby League trophy in the re-unified 1998 competition. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Allan Langer retired mid-season, perhaps as a result of the team's form. Despite the club's mid-season turnaround, which resulted in qualification for the finals after an 11-match winning streak, the team was eliminated by the Cronulla Sharks in the first week of the finals. However, the Broncos' rebounded in 2000 with their fifth premiership, defeating the Sydney Roosters. The game marked the retirement of veterans Kevin Walters and Michael Hancock. Not long after the disappointment of the previous year, in 2000, the Broncos rested on the very top of the ladder from round 4. Queensland Representative, Allan Langer returned to the club in 2002 for one season before eventually retiring. 2002 was also the beginning of Brisbane's ""post-Origin slump"", which has haunted the club in the years since. Many players represent Queensland in the State of Origin series, with 7 Broncos players on average included in the Queensland Origin team. This extra workload has caused a loss of form for the club immediately after the series, evidenced in 2003 when the ladder-leading Broncos lost 10 of their last 11 games. Despite faring better in 2004 and 2005, the team still struggled in the latter stages of the season, losing all of their finals matches. In 2006, after a strong early and mid-season performance, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. However, they reversed this run of form, winning 6 of their last 7 games including the premiership decider against the Melbourne Storm and keeping their perfect Grand Final record intact. After a dismal 2007 season in which they only scraped into the finals, coach Wayne Bennett announced he would leave at the end of 2008 after twenty-one years as coach. Ivan Henjak, a former professional rugby league footballer who had been assistant coach with the Broncos since the beginning of 2006, was named their second-ever coach, commencing as coach for the 2009 season. Their 2009 season included their worst-ever post-Origin slump, featuring three matches in a row where the opposing team scored more than 40 points, concluding with a 56–0 loss to Canberra on 1 August 2009. They rallied around and in their match against Penrith two rounds later, they won 58–24. This snapback (after Penrith, they won the rest of their games that season) got them into the finals for the 18th year running, but they fell against Melbourne in the 3rd preliminary final by 40–10. Their 2010 season started moderately: a 30–24 win against North Queensland, a 14–22 loss to Canberra, and a 48–16 hammering by the Warriors on 28 March 2010. On Monday 29 March, former Broncos player and recruitment agent Allan Langer was caught drink-driving in Brisbane's northside. Apart from a late season 10–6 win against eventual premiers St George Illawarra, the 2010 season was one to forget; with injuries and poor form seeing the Broncos out of the finals for the first time since 1991. The Broncos missing the finals now means that every club has missed the finals at least once since the 2002 season. In February 2011, it was announced that Ivan Henjak was to be sacked from the club, only three weeks before the beginning of the season. Anthony Griffin took over as coach for the 2011 season, becoming just the third head coach in the history of the Brisbane Broncos. He led the club to a third-place finish at the end of the season, losing to eventual premiers Manly in the preliminary finals. 2012 marked the Broncos' 25th season in the NRL competition. They finished eighth on the premiership ladder, and were knocked out of the finals in the first week, losing 33–16 to the North Queensland Cowboys in Townsville. 2013 saw the Broncos finish 12th on the NRL ladder, marking its lowest ever finish in the club's history and seeing the club out of the finals for only the second time since 1991. In what is considered by some commentators to be one of the best Grand Finals in recent history the 2015 NRL Grand Final against the North Queensland Cowboys went in to Golden Point overtime for the first time. After a Cowboys try, Johnathan Thurston had missed a match winning try conversion after the 80 minutes, kick off was given to the Broncos, with a promising chance to the Broncos, only resulting in a knock-on by Bronco's Half-Back, Ben Hunt. After the ball spill, the ball was given back to the Cowboys and Johnathan Thurston kicked a field goal 2 minutes into the Golden Point period to win the match for the North Queensland Cowboys 17-16. As of 2018, the Broncos are currently experiencing their longest premiership drought, having endured twelve completed seasons without winning the premiership since their most recent success in 2006. In the 2017 NRL season, the Brisbane Broncos highest try-scorer of 2017 is former Gold Coast Titans Centre, James Roberts with 15 tries, 2888 run metres, 4 try-assists and 289 tackles. In December 2017, the Brisbane Broncos expressed their interest in applying for a licence to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership season. In March 2018, the club was granted a license to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's season, starting in August. The club won the inaugural season of the competition, defeating the Sydney Roosters by 34–12 in the Grand Final. In the 2018 NRL season, Brisbane finished in 6th place on the table at the end of the regular season. The following week, Brisbane were eliminated from the finals series after being defeated 48-18 by a highly unfancied St George side. The loss was also the final game for retiring Brisbane player Sam Thaiday. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears (later the Brisbane Lions), the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. This name was chosen by Barry Maranta because he was a fan of NFL team, Denver Broncos. The Australian newspaper has described the name as ""Mystifyingly American"". The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favored the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolizing the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland rugby league team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favor of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours – mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favor of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. International Sports Clothing became Brisbane's kit provider in October 2016, replacing long-time suppliers Nike. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at the 52,500 capacity Lang Park (or more commonly referred to as ""Suncorp Stadium"" due to sponsorship of Suncorp, Australia), the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust due to a sponsorship conflict with the QRL having a commercial agreement with Castlemaine XXXX brewery with prominent signs around the ground, while the Broncos were sponsored by rival brewery Powers who were not permitted any permanent signs (the Broncos initially got around this by not using the change rooms at half time during games, instead sitting on the ground with a temporary protective banner surrounding them which just happened to have prominent Powers logos), the team relocated to the 60,000 capacity ANZ Stadium in 1993 (ANZ had been the main stadium of the 1982 Commonwealth Games). The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's first premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined and it was not until 2002 that the club again registered more than the 1996 average attendance of 23,712. ANZ Stadium, as the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre was called at the time due to sponsorship rights, was featured on an episode of The Mole in April 2002. With the Queensland Government's $280,000,000 redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract larger crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 50,859 for Darren Lockyer's final home game. Before kick-off at the Stadium an instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's ""Kashmir"" is routinely played. The Broncos all-time home attendance record was set at ANZ Stadium during the 1997 Super League Grand Final when 58,912 saw the Broncos defeat the Cronulla Sharks 26-8 to claim the only Super League premiership played in Australia. Buck the Bronco is currently the Broncos mascot. Located in 98 Fulcher Road, Queensland, Australia (4059), the Brisbane Broncos League is the Broncos training ground and includes a restaurant and buffet. The Brisbane Broncos have also purchased the TAFE (opposite the club) and have recently built a new training field and building. The Broncos' training ground is also used for the Australian Kangaroos. The Brisbane Broncos have the largest fan base of any NRL club and they have been voted the most popular rugby league team in Australia for several years. A Broncos supporters group called ""The Thoroughbreds"" which is made up of prominent businessmen, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase News Ltd's controlling share of the club in 2007. Average regular season attendance Notable supporters Notable supporters of this club, amongst others, include: The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd., a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. BGM Projects is another major shareholder. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club's original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. In 2011 Cullen was replaced by current CEO Paul White. Rugby league player Darren Lockyer is a member of the board of directors. NRMA Insurance are the major sponsors of the Broncos as of 2011, replacing WOW Sight & Sound. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by both 612 ABC Brisbane (except games played on Monday Night) and 4MMM. Channel Nine Queensland also sponsors the Broncos, although former player Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. In 2012, local Brisbane based company Firstmac Home Loans replaced WOW sight & Sound as sleeve sponsor for 3 years to launch into the retail financial services market. This sponsorship took only 9 days to negotiate following the announcement of WOW Sight & Sound going into receivership. Firstmac stipulated a unique clause in their contract that they could pay for 250 tickets to be distributed to WOW Sight & Sound staff that lost their jobs. Firstmac has since launched a Firstmac Broncos home loan in conjunction with their new sponsorship agreement. Between 1997 and 2016, the club's apparel was manufactured by Nike. From the 2017 season, International Sports Clothing has replaced Nike as the club's apparel manufacturer. The Brisbane Broncos' first major sponsor was Powers Brewing who sponsored them until 1993. The Broncos currently have a number of sponsorship deals with the following: Head coach Assistant coaches Updated: 4 March 2024Source(s): Broncos Team Profiles For a full list of Broncos representatives,  Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20-man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20-year anniversary. Updated: 9 May 2007Source(s): Broncos Name Legends Team Salary Cap Manager The Brisbane Broncos are the second most successful club in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 63.63% of their games, as of 29 August 2012. This is marginally less (0.01%) than first placed Melbourne Storm. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of seven Grand Finals, winning 6 and losing 1 to the North Qld Cowboys in 2015. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Former team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for both the club and National League. Lockyer did also hold the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,171 since his debut in 1995, before Corey Parker overtook him in August, 2015 with 1,222 career points for Brisbane Broncos. Darren Lockyer also holds the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Darren Lockyer was named Fullback in Queensland Rugby League's Team of the Century in 1998-2007 and he won 4 grand finals with the Brisbane Broncos (including a Clive Churchill Medal) and a World Cup title with Australia. He also won the Golden Boot Award for world's best player in this position before switching to Five-eighth. Steve Renouf also shares the club record for the most number of tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. After over a decade after Steve Renouf's move from the Brisbane Broncos to Wigan Warriors, he was still the club's all-time try scorer with a 142 career tries. Five times, he has scored 4 tries in a single match from 1991 to 1998 and was known as one of the greatest centres the game has ever seen. In 2008, Steve Renouf was named centre in the Indigenous Team of the Century. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. He also won the 1999 Brisbane Broncos season's rookie of the year award. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008, breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. He also scored a try on debut during 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48–12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. In 2013, Corey Parker was named Dally M Lock of the Year and in 2009 received the Broncos' Paul Morgan Award. Corey Parker also received the Paul Morgan Award yet again in 2013 and 2015. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf (5 times), Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and Australian Wallabies player, Israel Folau. Wendell Sailor has held the record for the most tries scored in a finals match (four tries against St. George Illawarra Dragons, Semi-final 2001, Brisbane won 44-28). The most field goals in a match however hasn't been past one field goal which has been accomplished several times. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71–6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 56–0 loss by the Canberra Raiders on 1 August 2009. The club's highest winning margin in a grand final is by 26 points against Canterbury Bulldogs (38-12, against Canterbury Bulldogs, grand final, 1998). In, 2017 NRL season, the Brisbane Broncos' highest try-scorer of 2017 is former Gold Coast Titans Centre, James Roberts with 15 tries. Highest point-scorer is Jordan Kahu with 67 goals and 8 tries. The most metres ran in the season is by Tautau Moga with 3410 metres. season The Broncos biggest rivals are the North Queensland Cowboys. The two clubs had a long-standing 'sibling rivalry' with the Cowboys characterised as the underdog. The rivalry increased in intensity after the Cowboys won their first premiership, beating the Broncos at the 2015 Grand Final at ANZ Stadium. Considered one of the greatest grand finals of all time, the win established the Cowboys as competitive equals. Between 2015 and 2017 a staggering 3 of 5 of the games played between the two clubs led to a Golden Point finish. It is regarded as one of the greatest sports rivalries and is considered the fiercest rivalry by far in the NRL, earning the nickname of the ""Queensland derby"". Since the 2000 Grand Final between the Roosters and Broncos, both clubs have built on a rivalry which still continues today. From 2002 to 2010, the Roosters and the Broncos played in the traditional Good Friday match. Since the 2006 Grand Final where Brisbane etched out Melbourne in a thriller, a rivalry still continues today between the two clubs. Adding to this, both Brisbane and Melbourne usually feature heavily in Queensland's annual State of Origin side. The rivalry remains due to the fact that the Titans are geographically the closest club to the Broncos. Brisbane previously enjoyed the rivalry with the Gold Coast Chargers, until the Chargers exited the competition at the end of 1998 season, returning as the Gold Coast Titans in 2007. The Brisbane Broncos have five split feeder clubs from the Queensland Cup (Redcliffe Dolphins, Ipswich Jets, Northern Suburbs Devils, Souths Logan Magpies and Wynnum-Manly Seagulls, making the Broncos the only club with more than three affiliated feeder clubs. Former feeder clubs of the Broncos were Aspley Broncos and Toowoomba Clydesdales and Burleigh Bears, who switched to the Gold Coast Titans. The Broncos' victory song, ""We're The Broncos"": We’re the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We’re the Broncos The greatest team on earth We’re the heart of all Queensland Never stop We never rest On and on we beat the best Never giving up we bleed maroon and gold For the league We risk it all Miles above We’re standing tall We’re the finest and the greatest club of all We’re the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We breathe in our soul The best game of all We are the Broncos of Queensland Hey!! In 2017, the Brisbane Broncos launched a bid to enter a team in the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership in 2018. On 27 March 2018, the club won a license to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's season, on the back of a strong bid which included the NRL's desire for a geographical spread. Paul Dyer was named as the coach of the women's side. In June 2018, Ali Brigginshaw, Brittany Breayley, Heather Ballinger, Teuila Fotu-Moala and Caitlyn Moran were unveiled as the club's first five signings. Tain Drinkwater was also appointed the CEO of the team. The club won the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership title by defeating the Sydney Roosters by 34–12 in the 2018 NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final. Broncos Women's Current Squad Official sites Statistics & information sites Supporter sites Former Top-Flight Competition: Brisbane Rugby League premiership,  Brisbane Broncos  2020-12-22T02:15:54Z  The Brisbane Broncos Rugby League Football Club Ltd., commonly referred to as the Broncos, are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. Founded in April 1988, the Broncos play in Australia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships, including two NSWRL titles, a Super League premiership and three NRL premierships. They also have two World Club Challenges. The Broncos have achieved four minor premierships during their 29 years in multiple competitions, making them Rugby League's most successful club over the past three decades. Until 2015, Brisbane had never been defeated in a grand final, and since 1991, have only failed to qualify for the finals three times. They are one of the most successful clubs in the National Rugby League since it began in 1998, winning three premierships (second only to the Sydney Roosters' four). It is also one of the most successful clubs in the history of rugby league, having won 61.2% of games played since its induction in 1988, second only to Melbourne Storm with 66.1%. The club records the highest annual revenue of all NRL clubs – $A32.8m for the 2012 financial year – and is one of the most valuable clubs of any code in Australia, worth over $42 million. Along with financial competitiveness, the Broncos have been voted one of Australia's most popular and most watched football teams, and has one of the highest average attendances of any rugby league club in the world; 33,337 in the 2012 NRL season. The club was founded in April 1988 as part of the Winfield Cup's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. The Broncos later became the dominant force in the competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the newly created National Rugby League competition. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located (27°26′54″S 152°59′46″E / 27.4483°S 152.9962°E / -27.4483; 152.9962 (Brisbane Broncos)), but they play their home games at Milton's Lang Park. It is the only publicly listed sports club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). Following the conclusion of the 2020 regular season, head coach Anthony Seibold announced his resignation on 26 August 2020. The Broncos Board moved quickly and offered Kevin Walters the vacant role of head coach on a 2-year contract. Queensland's success in the 1980s, the early years of the State of Origin series between Queensland and New South Wales, in addition to the inclusion of a combined Brisbane Rugby League team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane licence, the Queensland Rugby League chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. At the first meeting with the NSWRL hierarchy, the newly formed Brisbane Broncos were asked to pay a $500,000 fee. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain Wally Lewis to be the inaugural club captain and former BRL and then Canberra Raiders coach Wayne Bennett, on top of a host of other talented players including Chris Johns, Allan Langer, Terry Matterson, Gene Miles and Kerrod Walters. The team made their debut in the NSWRL's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership against reigning premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, and defeated them 44–10. They sat inside the Top 4 for a majority of the season, even sitting in 1st for 3 weeks. But the competition race was so tight, a 16–4 loss to the South Sydney Rabbitohs in Round 14 was enough to drop them from 2nd to 6th. Brisbane would not return to the Top 5, and a 20–10 loss to eventual runners up Balmain Tigers denied them the chance to enter a playoff for 5th place. Leading into 1989, Brisbane recruited Sam Backo from the Raiders while Steve Renouf was given his first grade debut. In their second season they won the mid-week knockout competition, the 1989 Panasonic Cup, but their league performance again revolved around a midseason slump, this time a 5-game losing streak which dropped them from 2nd to 7th. Brisbane would recover to enter a playoff for the 5th and final spot in the finals, but lost 38–14 to the Cronulla Sharks, ending their season. Leading up to the 1990 season, Brisbane recruited Kevin Walters from Canberra. However, the biggest news was the decision of Bennett to remove Lewis as club captain on the basis that he wasn't a good trainer or teammate, with Miles resuming the captaincy of the side. While the move was controversial, it seemed to have the desired effect, as the Broncos finished the season in 2nd, qualifying for their maiden finals series. Their finals debut was an upset 26–16 loss to the Penrith Panthers in the major Preliminary Semi, before they beat Manly 12–4 in the Minor Semi to qualify for a Preliminary Final showdown with Canberra. With a spot in the Grand Final on the line, Brisbane collapsed in sensational fashion at the Sydney Football Stadium (SFS), losing 32–4. Lewis, still upset about Bennett's treatment of his captaincy, left the club to go to the Gold Coast. He was replaced by Trevor Gilmeister, who joined from the Eastern Suburbs Roosters. Unfortunately, Brisbane endured their worst season to date in 1991, spending just 2 weeks total inside the Top 5 and hovering around 10th for much of the year before a 5-game winning streak saw them finish 7th, just a solitary draw outside a playoff for 5th place. Leading up to 1992, Brisbane landed another major piece from the Raiders, premiership winning prop Glenn Lazarus. The retirement of Miles saw Langer appointed club captain. Despite the new captain, 1992 was by far their best season yet, never sitting below 4th on the ladder and finishing the season with the minor premiership. The Illawarra Steelers met them in the Major Semi Final, where Brisbane took a 22–12 win to go into the first Grand Final in club history. 14 days later, they met the St George Dragons at the SFS. After a cagey first half which saw Brisbane lead 8–6 at the break, the Broncos dominated the second 40 minutes, with Langer and backrower Allan Cann crossing for 2 tries each in a 28–8 victory. Langer was named Clive Churchill Medallist for his phenomenal performance. Brisbane's Premiership defence in 1993 got off to a slow start, but they would recover to return to contention for the minor premiership. On the last round of the season, Brisbane took on St George, needing a win to keep their minor premiership hopes alive. St George won 16–10, and wins to Manly and the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs saw Brisbane drop from 2nd all the way to 5th, plunging them into sudden death football, all matches being played in Sydney. They ended Manly's season with a dominant 36–10 win, then took on a Canberra side whose form had plummeted following a broken leg to superstar halfback Ricky Stuart, and Brisbane cast them aside 30–12. Brisbane then met minor premiers Canterbury for a spot in the Grand Final, and their season looked on tenterhooks as the Bulldogs took a 16-10 halftime lead. But Brisbane steeled and won 23–16, and set up a Grand Final rematch with the Dragons. No team had ever won the NSWRL from 5th, however Brisbane became the first to do so when they won a defensive dogfight 14–6, winning back to back premierships, the last team to do so in a unified comp until the Roosters in 2018–19. During that season, they also handed future dual-international winger Wendell Sailor his first grade debut. 1994 was a tough year for Brisbane, they didn't reach the Top 5 until Round 8 before dropping out and not returning until Round 17, ultimately finishing 5th. Brisbane again ended Manly's season in the first week of the finals, this time 16–4, but they could not repeat the magic of '93, with a Jason Taylor field goal ending their season in a heart breaking 15–14 loss to the North Sydney Bears. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the last clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit (The Canberra Raiders, Canterbury Bulldogs and Cronulla Sharks were the first to sign, and it was only revealed many years later that the Broncos were in fact one of the last clubs to sign for either competition). Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. The 1995 season, the first under the ARL banner, went pretty well for Brisbane- they sat in the Top 4 for most of the year, finished 3rd, and unearthed a pair of future club legends- rugged prop Shane Webcke and future Golden Boot winner Darren Lockyer. Unfortunately, Brisbane couldn't capitalise in the first 8-team finals series, losing to the Raiders 14–8 in the qualifying final before falling 24–10 to the eventual Premiers, the now-Sydney Bulldogs. 1996 went pretty similarly- sit comfortably in the Top 4 and ultimately finish 2nd, only to lose 21–16 to North Sydney and 22–16 to the Cronulla Sharks to end their season. Brisbane's decision to side with the Super League saw a host of players join them from the ARL- most notably St George pair Anthony Mundine and Gordon Tallis, which offset the departure of longtime hooker Kerrod Walters to the Adelaide Rams. Brisbane dominated the Super League season, never leaving 1st position after Round 5 and beating Cronulla 34-2 and then 2 weeks later 26–8 to win the title in convincing fashion. Brisbane also competed in the World Club Challenge, going undefeated in their group (including a 76-0 demolition of Halifax Blue Sox), before beating St Helens 66–12, the Auckland Warriors 22-16 and the Hunter Mariners 36–12 to win the only edition of the costly tournament. Brisbane entered the 1998 NRL season as one of the favourites to win the unified competition- despite the return of Mundine to the Dragons and the departure of Lazarus to become the inaugural captain of the newly formed Melbourne Storm. Despite a rocky period which saw them drop to 6th after 14 rounds, Brisbane stormed home on a 12-game unbeaten run to seal the minor premiership. They were also able to fill the hole of Lazarus by debuting Petero Civoniceva. Despite this form however, they were stunned 15-10 by the Parramatta Eels in their first finals match, meaning they would need an extra game to qualify for the Grand Final. They responded in typical Brisbane style- routing Melbourne and Sydney City (formerly Eastern Suburbs) 30-6 and 46-18 respectively to qualify for the big dance, where they ended Canterbury's dream finals run with a 38–12 victory. The rampaging Tallis was named Clive Churchill Medallist after a dominant performance in the middle of the park, including a try from dummy half. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Langer retired mid-season, with Kevin Walters taking over the captaincy. The club went on another 12 game unbeaten run and ultimately qualified for the finals in 8th position, however their season ended in a dominant 42–20 loss against minor premiers Cronulla. The season wasn't all negative, as future Queensland representatives Dane Carlaw, Lote Tuqiri and Chris Walker all made first grade debuts for the club, although club legend Renouf did leave to finish his career with the Wigan Warriors. But Brisbane responded with a dominant 2000 season, buoyed by the signing of Ben Ikin to fill the hole left by Langer. Brisbane dominated the regular season, running away with the minor premiership, before beating the Sharks 34-20 and the Eels 16–10 to book a Grand Final matchup with the Roosters. The Broncos ground out a 14–6 victory for their 5th title in 9 years, with Lockyer receiving the Clive Churchill Medal for his performance. 2000 also saw the debut of even more future representative players- Ashley Harrison, Justin Hodges, Brad Meyers and Carl Webb. After just one full season as captain, Walters retired (although he would have a 5-game comeback in 2001), with Tallis anointed as club captain, and young North Queensland Cowboys half Scott Prince was brought in as his replacement 2001 saw the beginning of the Broncos ""Post-Origin Slump"", a succession of losing streaks after Origin which sees Brisbane slide down the ladder and disappoint in the finals. In Round 19, Brisbane sat 2nd on the ladder, before losing 6 straight matches and finishing the year in 5th place. They fell 22–6 to Cronulla in the Qualifying Final, before beating the now-merged St George-Illawarra Dragons 44–28 to secure a Preliminary Final berth, were they were defeated 24-16 by minor premiers Parramatta. The year saw the debut of 2 more future stars- the speedy Brent Tate as well as goal kicking forward Corey Parker. A brutal knee injury suffered by Ikin would sideline him for all of 2002, and while a neck injury to Tallis threatened to end his career, he would return at the start of the next season. Sailor would also leave the club, enticed by a massive offer from the Queensland Reds to switch codes. Hodges also left the club, the offer of guaranteed gametime from the Roosters too much for him to ignore. After joining the Warrington Wolves and making a stunning comeback to the Queensland squad, Langer returned to the club for one last season in 2002 to help ease their halves problem. Brisbane finished the year in 3rd position, although they were challenging for the minor premiership until they lost 4 of their last 5 matches. Brisbane eliminated Parramatta with a 24–14 win, but fell in the Preliminary Final for the second year in a row, losing 16–12 to the eventual premiers, the Roosters. 2002 also saw one of the greatest moments in Brisbane's club history- in a Round 12 clash with the Wests Tigers, missing 15 regular first graders as well as head coach Bennett due to injuries and Origin, a Broncos squad captained by Shane Walker and coached by assistant Craig Bellamy pulled off a stunning 28–14 victory. Just a year after Sailor went to Rugby Union, his former wing partner Tuqiri joined him, joining the New South Wales Waratahs. Wing partner Chris Walker also jumped ship, heading to the South Sydney Rabbitohs on a big contract. 2003 saw one of the worst ""Post-Origin Slumps"" in club history. The club sat 1st as late as Round 17, and were comfortably positioned 3rd after 19 weeks before both Tallis and Lockyer were felled by injuries in the Round 19 win over Melbourne. Brisbane dropped their last 7 matches, even after the return of their 2 superstar for the last 2 weeks of the season, and dropped to 8th place on the ladder- their season ending in the Qualifying Final when minor premiers and eventual premiers Penrith reversed a 18-10 half time deficit to beat Brisbane 28–18. That year did see the debuts of Neville Costigan and Sam Thaiday. Meanwhile, Prince had struggled to find game time after 2001 and left for the Tigers, where he would win the 2005 Clive CHurchill medal and captain the side to premiership glory in one of the biggest ""Ones that Got Away"" for the Broncos. The club again had a bounceback year in 2004, with the shock move of Lockyer from fullback to five-eighth a major catalyst for their success. Of course, it helped that his replacement at fullback, 17 year old sensation Karmicheal Hunt, was able to fit straight into the Broncos side. Brisbane spent almost the entire season inside the Top 4 and finished in 3rd position, but were stunned 31-14 by Melbourne, who had Bellamy as their head coach. This set them up with a sudden death semi final against the Cowboys, who they were undefeated against leading into the match. Brisbane volunteered to move the match from Suncorp Stadium to Dairy Farmers Stadium, and the Cowboys responded by using their raucous home support to stun their ""Big Brothers"" 10–0. The match would be the last for a host of club icons- captain Tallis and Ikin both retired, their NSW representative goal kicking winger Michael De Vere (Huddersfield Giants) and QLD prop Meyers (Bradford Bulls) left for the English Super League, while their other Origin prop Webb joined the Cowboys. With Lockyer named club captain and Hodges returning to the club, Brisbane dominated the start of the 2005 season and sat in 1st position after 24 rounds, but 5 straight losses to end the season saw them again slide to 3rd, where they again lost in the opening week to Melbourne, this time 24–18. This sent them into another semi final, this time against Prince and the eventual premiers Tigers, who brushed the Broncos aside 34–6. Leading into 2006, Brisbane were able to retain a similar squad to 2005- Ben Hannant proved to be a key rotational piece after arriving from the Roosters, Darius Boyd made his first grade debut and would be a key part of Brisbane's backline, and longtime QLD Cup veteran Shane Perry would become the solution for Brisbane's halfback spot. After being inside the Top 2 after Round 17, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. This season however, they reversed this run of form, winning 5 straight games to close out the regular season in 3rd. This had come after Bennett had signed a secret deal to become the Roosters coach from 2007, but reneged on the deal after it became public. Despite the reverse in form, it looked like their finals success was going on par with previous seasons after they fell 20–4 against the Dragons in the qualifying final. But Brisbane got a break against an injury hit Knights squad, and Brisbane took a crushing 50–6 victory to qualify for their first Preliminary Final in 4 seasons. Brisbane took on the Bulldogs, and their season was on life support when Canterbury led 20–6 at half time. The lead prompted Bulldogs prop Willie Mason to exclaim “We’re going to the grand final!”. That sledge sparked a dramatic Broncos comeback, as they ran in a 31-0 second half to blitz the Bulldogs 37-20 and book a spot in the Grand Final against Melbourne. Despite being massive underdogs, Brisbane looked in control throughout the entire match, and a Darren Lockyer field goal sealed a dramatic 15–8 victory and Brisbane's 6th premiership. Unsung hooker Shaun Berrigan was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal for his aggressive performance in the ruck. Webcke had already announced his intention to retire, and did so as a champion. Once again, Brisbane started a premiership defence poorly, losing 7 of their first 10 to sit 15th, but their stay at the bottom of the table was abruptly ended when they produced a club record 71–6 victory over a battered Knights side. Brisbane climbed back up the ladder to sit 5th after Origin, but their season again took a turn in a Round 18 clash with the Cowboys, when Lockyer's season abruptly ended with a torn ACL. Brisbane would lose 5 of their last 7 matches, including a 68-22 thrashing at the hands of the Eels, and would end the season in 8th place and being thrashed 40-0 by the Storm in the Qualifying Final. Civoniceva left the club for Penrith, upset that they had prioritised the signing of Panthers prop Joel Clinton over retaining him. Tate also departed for the Warriors, while Berrigan left for Hull FC. In their place came Clinton, Eels hooker PJ Marsh and another ex-Panther, Peter Wallace, who would replace the ageing Perry as Lockyer's halves partner. Lockyer, however, missed some serious game time in 2008 and wasn't 100% healthy until Round 18, at which point Brisbane sat 7th on the ladder. But the bigger news to come out of the start of that season was Bennett's decision to walk out of the final year of his contract to become the head coach of the Dragons from 2009. Bennett had seen his relationship with the Broncos board deteriorate after his courtship with the Roosters, and decided to leave after 21 seasons with the club. His former assistant Bellamy seemed set for a return to Brisbane as his replacement, only to blindside the club by re-signing with the Storm after a botched interview. Ultimately, it was decided that longtime assistant Ivan Henjak would be promoted to the head coaching role from 2009, and he began taking more of a role in training. With Lockyer returning, Brisbane won 6 of their final 9 games to finish 5th, and upset the Roosters 24–16 in the qualifying final to set up a semi final showdown with Bellamy and the Storm. Brisbane led 14–12 with under 10 minutes to go, and seemed to have won the game when Hannant crossed the line, with Bennett seen displaying a rare show of emotion. But the video referee deemed Hannant was held up, and a few minutes later an Ashton Sims knock on saw Greg Inglis score for the Storm to seal a late 16–14 victory, breaking Brisbane hearts and ending their season. 2009 saw a wave of change around Red Hill- not only was there a new head coach, but a host of roster changes. Boyd joined Bennett at the Dragons, the representative foursome of Hannant, Greg Eastwood, Michael Ennis and David Staggs all joined the Bulldogs, and boom winger Denan Kemp, who tied the club record with 4 tries in a single game against the Eels, was lured away to the Warriors. In their place was boom teenager Israel Folau, young back rower Ben Te'o and a host of club-developed talent, including Gerard Beale, Alex Glenn, Josh McGuire, Andrew McCullough and Jharal Yow-Yeh. Brisbane sat Top 4 until the Origin period, when they collapsed, conceding 40+ points in 3 straight games, an extra 44–12 loss to South Sydney and a then-club record 56-0 thrashing at the hands of the Raiders, leaving them dangling in 10th position. But 5 straight wins to close out the season, including a 22–10 win over Canberra just 36 days later, saw them finish in 6th position. This revival was largely due to the emergence of rampaging forward Dave Taylor. The Broncos stunned the 3rd place Titans 40–32 in the qualifying final, setting up a showdown with Bennett's Dragons in a sudden death semi final. Brisbane took one up on their former mentor with a dominant 24–10 victory, however Wallace fractured his ankle in the win, leaving them without a recognised halfback ahead of their preliminary final matchup with the Storm, one of the bigger reasons they fell 40–10. 2010 saw significant roster changes: the injury-enforced retirement of Marsh, Taylor's decision to move to the Rabbitohs and Hunt's decision to switch to the AFL with the Gold Coast Suns. Furthermore, they received a massive blow during pre-season when Hodges ruptured his achilles, causing him to miss the entire season. Brisbane stuttered and lost 6 of their first 8 matches, before reversing form and entering the Top 8. But in their Round 22 clash with the Cowboys, Lockyer took a hit and injured his rib cartilage. Despite his best efforts, Lockyer missed the rest of the regular season, and without him Brisbane slumped to 4 straight defeats, sliding from 7th to 10th and missing the finals for the first time since 1991. An even bigger blow for Brisbane was a contract saga involving Inglis- after Inglis had agreed in principle to join the Broncos for 2011 onward, he decided to cancel a flight to Brisbane to sign the contract under the alibi that ""It's raining and I don't think the planes are flying"". Behind the scenes, former Bronco Anthony Mundine was convincing Inglis to join the Rabbitohs, which he did a week later. Inglis would've replaced Folau, who followed Hunt's lead in switching to the AFL, this time to the Greater Western Sydney Giants. On a positive note, the season saw the debut of future international Matt Gillett. In February 2011, it was announced that Henjak was to be sacked from the club, only three weeks before the beginning of the season. Anthony Griffin, Henjak's assistant, took over as coach for the 2011 season, becoming just the third head coach in the history of Broncos. Hannant also returned to the club, But even more pressing was the decision of Lockyer to retire after the season, ending a 16-year playing career which, in Round 22, saw him overtake Terry Lamb and Steve Menzies for the most first grade games played, finishing at 355, a record which would stand until Cameron Smith overtook him in 2017. Brisbane stagnated for a little while, but finished the season in 3rd position, setting up a qualifying finals matchup with the Warriors which they won 40–10, meaning they would head to take on the Dragons once again in the semi finals. Bennett, who had looked like he was set to rejoin the Broncos in 2012, had announced that he was joining Newcastle at the end of the season- meaning the match would either be the last of Lockyer's career, or Bennett's last with the Dragons. Brisbane led 12-6 towards the end of the game before Lockyer caught Beale's knee in his face, fracturing his cheekbone. St George Illawarra tied the game, necessitating Golden Point, where an injured Lockyer slotted home a field goal to seal a 13–12 win and keep Brisbane in the finals. Unfortunately, Lockyer was unable to play in the Preliminary Final against Manly, which the Sea Eagles won 26–14. 2012 marked the Broncos' 25th season in the NRL competition. Civoniceva returned for one last season, and Thaiday was appointed club captain. Brisbane spent much of the season inside the Top 4, but another ""Post-Origin Slide"" saw them finish 8th, and they were eliminated by the Cowboys 33–16 in the Qualifying Final. Beale (Dragons) and Te'o (Rabbitohs) both left the club, along with the retiring Civoniceva, and Prince returned to the club for his swansong. Unfortunately, 2013 was not a good year for Brisbane- they were out of the Top 8 after Round 10 and never returned, finishing 12th, at the time the lowest position in club history. It did see the debut of future Origin winger Corey Oates. Prince retired and Wallace returned to the Panthers, largely because of the emergence of Ben Hunt as the clubs halfback. Incoming was former Dally M Medallist Ben Barba, who had attempted to join the Broncos as early as 2013, but was refused a release by the Bulldogs. There was also a change in the club captaincy, with Thaiday standing down and being replaced by a co-captain structure of Hodges and Parker. Unfortunately, the changes did not pay off, as Brisbane never really challenged for the title and ultimately finished 8th, again being eliminated by the Cowboys in the Qualifying Final, this time by the score of 32–20. That game would be Griffin's last as head coach, as it had been announced midseason that Bennett was set to return to the Broncos from 2015. The Roster change under Bennett was dramatic from the moment he returned. Barba was shipped to Cronulla after just one season, Hannant left for the Cowboys, and Kiwi international Josh Hoffman departed for the Gold Coast. In return, Boyd returned to the club, and was joined by ex-Storm enforcer Adam Blair and boom Raider Anthony Milford, as well as a pair of up and coming rookies in Joe Ofahengaue and Kodi Nikorima. The captaincy underwent another change as well, with Hodges given sole captaincy of the club. Their campaign started rocky, a 36-6 thrashing at the hands of South Sydney, but they soon found their feet and won 8 straight matches during the Origin period- a drastic change from the previous years- ultimately finishing the season in 2nd place. They took down the Cowboys 16–12 in the Qualifying Final to advance straight to a Preliminary Final showdown with the minor premier Roosters. A Boyd intercept try inside the first minute set the tone for the clash, and Brisbane would dominate 31–12 to advance to a Grand Final rematch with the Cowboys. In what is considered by some commentators to be one of the best Grand Finals in recent history the, Broncos led 16-12 for much of the second half before Cowboys winger Kyle Feldt scored in the corner on the last play of regulation to tie the match. superstar half Johnathan Thurston missed the subsequent conversion, sending the clash to golden point. The Broncos won the golden point coin toss and elected to receive, putting them in a great position to win the match. However, off the kickoff, Hunt knocked on, giving the Cowboys possession just metres out from the Broncos line. Thurston kicked a field goal 2 minutes into the Golden Point period to win the match for the Cowboys 17–16, ending the season in jubilation for Townsville and heartbreak for Brisbane. Hodges retired after the Grand Final, and the captaincy was again given to Parker. James Roberts, a speedy centre, had been lured away from the Titans at the last minute to join the Broncos, and he was joined by young Raiders forward Tevita Pangai Junior and young back rower Jai Arrow, who had emerged from Brisbane's development program. Brisbane stated the season strongly but endured a ""Post-Origin Slump"" to drop out of the Top 4, finishing in 5th. After eliminating the Titans 44–28 in the Qualifying Final, Brisbane travelled to Townsville for a knockout clash with the Cowboys. In another classic between the two sides, the game went into extra time- a new rule brought in after their grand final thriller 12 months earlier- at 20-all, when a Michael Morgan try sealed a 26–20 win for the Broncos, ending their season- the third time in 5 years their season had concluding in Townsville. Parker retired after the match, but Brisbane brought in embttled ex-New Zealand halfback Benji Marshall on a lifeline deal, as well as established prop Korbin Sims from Newcastle, and Boyd was named captain. Prior to the start of the season it was announced Hunt had signed a large contract with the Dragons beginning in 2018, and that likely contributed to a season where Hunt was dropped to reserve grade and the bench, before finishing the season at hooker after McCullough tore his ACL. Brisbane finished the 2017 season in 3rd, but with a 4 win gap between them and the 1st placed Storm. Making matters worse, Boyd was injured in their Round 26 win over the Cowboys, and missed their 24–22 loss in a classic Qualifying Final against the Roosters, before the Boyd-less Broncos advanced to another Preliminary Final with a 13–6 win over the Panthers. Boyd was rushed back into the squad for the showdown with runaway favourites Melbourne, but was clearly not healthy and didn't do much to alter the 30–0 defeat. On top of Hunt, Arrow (Titans), Blair (Warriors) and Marshall (Tigers) also left the club, with Jack Bird being the clubs marquee signing, although his season lasted just 8 games as he dealt with injury. 2018 also saw a major success from Brisbane's youth, with debuts handed out to Payne Haas, David Fifita, Kotoni Staggs and Jake Turpin. Brisbane however were not the team they had been, and instead of the Top 4 race they were just looking to make the finals. A big 48–16 win over Manly, which saw Corey Oates score 4 tries, saw the club finish in 6th, but just one win separated them from 1st, such was the tightness of the competition, renewing hopes of another deep finals run. The following week, Brisbane were eliminated from the finals series after being defeated 48–18 by a highly unfancied St George-Illawarra side. The loss was also the final game for the retiring Thaiday. After the 2018 season, a rift emerged between Bennett and CEO Paul White, which ultimately saw Bennett sign with the Rabbitohs to become coach from 2020. Just weeks later, Bennett was sacked as the head coach for making preseason plans with the Rabbitohs for the following year, and in return South Sydney appointed Bennett as head coach with immediate effect, freeing up their coach Anthony Seibold, who had already signed with Brisbane from 2020, to become the Broncos head coach for 2019. Along with Bennett, a host of key players left Brisbane- McGuire left for the Cowboys and Sims for the Dragons, then halfway through the season Roberts and Nikorima also departed the club. Bird again dealt with health issues, only playing 9 games, and it quickly became clear that the now 32 year old Boyd had lost a step. A 4 match losing streak early in the season set the tone for the club, as they sat 14th after Round 16 only to go on a run of 6 wins and a draw from their last 10 games to ensure they finished in 8th place. They played the Eels in week one of the finals at the new Bankwest Stadium and lost the match 58–0, marking the club's worst ever defeat. It was also the biggest finals loss in the history of the competition which eclipsed the previous record set by Newtown when they defeated St George 55–7 in the 1944 finals series. It also extended the club's longest ever premiership drought to thirteen seasons. 2020 started well for the Brisbane club winning their first two games against North Queensland and Souths before the competition was suspended upon completion of round 2 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. When the competition returned from its unscheduled hiatus in late May, the optimism at the Broncos vaporized overnight firstly losing 34–6 to Parramatta before recording their worst ever loss the following week against the Sydney Roosters losing 59–0. The club's only post COVID lockdown victory came against fellow bottom of the ladder team, Canterbury-Bankstown in round 9. After a 28–10 loss to South Sydney, Anthony Seibold resigned as coach of the Brisbane Broncos with assistant Peter Gentle taking over as caretaker coach until the end of the season. While the Broncos were more competitive under Gentle, the club's losing streak would reach a record 11 losses in a row including a 36–8 loss to the Canberra Raiders despite leading 8–6 at half time, another big loss against the Sydney Roosters, this time 58–12 at the Sydney Cricket Ground and a 32–16 loss in the final round to North Queensland which condemned Brisbane to the club's first ever wooden spoon after Canterbury-Bankstown beat Souths in round 19 to leap ahead of the Brisbane club on the ladder on points differential. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears (later the Brisbane Lions), the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. This name was chosen by Barry Maranta because he was a fan of NFL team, Denver Broncos. The Australian newspaper has described the name as ""Mystifyingly American"". The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favored the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolizing the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland rugby league team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favor of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours – mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favor of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. International Sports Clothing became Brisbane's kit provider in October 2016, replacing long-time suppliers Nike. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at the 52,500 capacity Lang Park (or more commonly referred to as ""Suncorp Stadium"" due to sponsorship of Suncorp, Australia), the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust due to a sponsorship conflict with the QRL having a commercial agreement with Castlemaine XXXX brewery with prominent signs around the ground, while the Broncos were sponsored by rival brewery Powers who were not permitted any permanent signs (the Broncos initially got around this by not using the change rooms at half time during games, instead sitting on the ground with a temporary protective banner surrounding them which just happened to have prominent Powers logos), the team relocated to the 60,000 capacity ANZ Stadium in 1993 (ANZ had been the main stadium of the 1982 Commonwealth Games). The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's first premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined and it was not until 2002 that the club again registered more than the 1996 average attendance of 23,712. ANZ Stadium, as the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre was called at the time due to sponsorship rights, was featured on an episode of The Mole in April 2002. With the Queensland Government's $280 million redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract larger crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 50,859 for Darren Lockyer's final home game. Before kick-off at the Stadium an instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's ""Kashmir"" is routinely played. The Broncos all-time home attendance record was set at ANZ Stadium during the 1997 Super League Grand Final when 58,912 saw the Broncos defeat the Cronulla Sharks 26–8 to claim the only Super League premiership played in Australia. Buck the Bronco is currently the Broncos mascot. Located in 98 Fulcher Road, Queensland, Australia (4059), the Brisbane Broncos League is the Broncos training ground and includes a restaurant and buffet. The Brisbane Broncos have also purchased the TAFE (opposite the club) and have recently built a new training field and building. The Broncos' training ground is also used for the Australian Kangaroos. The club is located within Gilbert Park and opened in 1988. Wests Juniors Football Club originally called Gilbert Park home, with the small clubhouse beside owned by Wests Old Boys. These two clubs merged in 1967 and in 1987 was purchased to form Broncos Leagues Club. The Brisbane Broncos have the largest fan base of any NRL club and they have been voted the most popular rugby league team in Australia for several years. A Broncos supporters group called ""The Thoroughbreds"" which is made up of prominent businessmen, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase News Ltd's controlling share of the club in 2007. Average regular season attendance Notable supporters Notable supporters of this club, amongst others, include: The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd., a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. BGM Projects is another major shareholder. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club's original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. In 2011 Cullen was replaced by current CEO Paul White. Rugby league player Darren Lockyer is a member of the board of directors. Kia are the major sponsor of the Broncos as of 2020, replacing NRMA Insurance. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by both 612 ABC Brisbane (except games played on Monday Night) and 4MMM. Channel Nine Queensland also sponsors the Broncos, although former player Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. In 2012, local Brisbane based company Firstmac replaced WOW sight & Sound as sleeve sponsor for 3 years to launch into the retail financial services market. This sponsorship took only 9 days to negotiate following the announcement of WOW Sight & Sound going into receivership. Firstmac stipulated a unique clause in their contract that they could pay for 250 tickets to be distributed to WOW Sight & Sound staff that lost their jobs. Firstmac has since launched a Firstmac Broncos home loan in conjunction with their new sponsorship agreement. Asics are the Broncos current apparel provider as of November 2020. Between 1997 and 2016, the club's apparel was manufactured by Nike. Between 2017 and 2020, International Sports Clothing served as the club's apparel manufacturer. From the 2021 season, Asics will supply the club's on-and-off-field apparel. The Brisbane Broncos' first major sponsor was Powers Brewing who sponsored them until 1993. The Broncos currently have a number of sponsorship deals with the following: Head coach Assistant coaches Updated: 4 March 2024Source(s): Broncos Team Profiles Due to the club's premiership success and its being the dominant Queensland team in the competition for the majority of its participation, the Brisbane Broncos' list of representative players is extensive. Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20-man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20-year anniversary. Updated: 9 May 2007Source(s): Broncos Name Legends Team . Salary Cap Manager The Brisbane Broncos are the second most successful club in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 63.63% of their games, as of 29 August 2012. This is marginally less (0.01%) than first placed Melbourne Storm. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of seven Grand Finals, winning 6 and losing 1 to the North Qld Cowboys in 2015. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Former team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for both the club and National League. Lockyer did also hold the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,171 since his debut in 1995, before Corey Parker overtook him in August 2015 with 1,222 career points for Brisbane Broncos. Darren Lockyer also holds the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Darren Lockyer was named Fullback in Queensland Rugby League's Team of the Century in 1998–2007 and he won 4 grand finals with the Brisbane Broncos (including a Clive Churchill Medal) and a World Cup title with Australia. He also won the Golden Boot Award for world's best player in this position before switching to Five-eighth. Steve Renouf also shares the club record for the most number of tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. After over a decade after Steve Renouf's move from the Brisbane Broncos to Wigan Warriors, he was still the club's all-time try scorer with a 142 career tries. Five times, he has scored 4 tries in a single match from 1991 to 1998 and was known as one of the greatest centres the game has ever seen. In 2008, Steve Renouf was named centre in the Indigenous Team of the Century. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. He also won the 1999 Brisbane Broncos season's rookie of the year award. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008, breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. He also scored a try on debut during 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48–12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. In 2013, Corey Parker was named Dally M Lock of the Year and in 2009 received the Broncos' Paul Morgan Award. Corey Parker also received the Paul Morgan Award yet again in 2013 and 2015. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf (5 times), Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and Australian Wallabies player, Israel Folau. Wendell Sailor has held the record for the most tries scored in a finals match (four tries against St. George Illawarra Dragons, Semi-final 2001, Brisbane won 44–28). The most field goals in a match however hasn't been past one field goal which has been accomplished several times. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71–6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 59–0 loss by the Sydney Roosters on 4 June 2020 . The clubhouse 's highest winning margin in a grand final is by 26 points against Canterbury Bulldogs (38–12, against Canterbury Bulldogs, grand final, 1998). In, 2017 NRL season, the Brisbane Broncos' highest try-scorer of 2017 is former Gold Coast Titans Centre, James Roberts with 15 tries. Highest point-scorer is Jordan Kahu with 67 goals and 8 tries. The most metres ran in the season is by Tautau Moga with 3410 metres. The Broncos biggest rivals are the North Queensland Cowboys. The two clubs had a long-standing 'sibling rivalry' with the Cowboys characterized as the underdog. The rivalry increased in intensity after the Cowboys won their first premiership, beating the Broncos at the 2015 Grand Final at ANZ Stadium. Considered one of the greatest grand finals of all time, the win established the Cowboys as competitive equals. Between 2015 and 2017 a staggering 3 of 5 of the games played between the two clubs led to a Golden Point finish. It is regarded as one of the greatest sports rivalries and is considered the fiercest rivalry by far in the NRL, earning the nickname of the ""Queensland derby"". Since the 2000 Grand Final between the Roosters and Broncos, both clubs have built on a rivalry which still continues today. From 2002 to 2010, the Roosters and the Broncos played in the traditional Good Friday match. Another notable rivalry is with fellow debutants from 1988, the Newcastle Knights. From the omission of the Gold Coast Chargers at the end of the 1998 season until the arrival of the Gold Coast Titans in the 2007 season, the Knights were geographically the closest club to the Broncos. Adding to this, players from both Brisbane and Newcastle have featured heavily in the annual State of Origin sides for Queensland and New South Wales respectively. Since the 2006 Grand Final where Brisbane etched out Melbourne in a thriller, a rivalry still continues today between the two clubs. Adding to this, both Brisbane and Melbourne usually feature heavily in Queensland's annual State of Origin side. The rivalry remains due to the fact that the Titans are geographically the closest club to the Broncos. Brisbane previously enjoyed the rivalry with the Gold Coast Chargers, until the Chargers exited the competition at the end of 1998 season, returning as the Gold Coast Titans in 2007. The Brisbane Broncos have four split feeder clubs from the Queensland Cup: Northern Suburbs Devils, Souths Logan Magpies, Central Queensland Capras and Wynnum-Manly Seagulls, making the Broncos the only club with more than three affiliated feeder clubs. Former feeder clubs of the Broncos are the now-defunct Aspley Broncos and Toowoomba Clydesdales, active clubs Ipswich Jets, who switched to Newcastle Knights, Redcliffe Dolphins who switched to New Zealand Warriors, and Burleigh Bears, who switched to the Gold Coast Titans. The Broncos' victory song, ""We're The Broncos"": We’re the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We’re the Broncos The greatest team on earth We’re the heart of all Queensland Never stop We never rest On and on we beat the best Never giving up we bleed maroon and gold For the league We risk it all Miles above We’re standing tall We’re the finest and the greatest club of all We’re the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We breathe in our soul The best game of all We are the Broncos of Queensland Hey!! In 2017, the Brisbane Broncos launched a bid to enter a team in the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership in 2018. On 27 March 2018, the club won a license to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's season, on the back of a strong bid which included the NRL's desire for a geographical spread. Paul Dyer was named as the coach of the women's side, but stepped down after the inaugural season to concentrate on his role as game development manager. Kelvin Wright was named his replacement in May 2019. In June 2018, Ali Brigginshaw, Brittany Breayley, Heather Ballinger, Teuila Fotu-Moala and Caitlyn Moran were unveiled as the club's first five signings. Tain Drinkwater was also appointed the CEO of the team. The club won the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership title by defeating the Sydney Roosters by 34–12 in the 2018 NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final. Official sites Statistics & information sites Supporter sites Former Top-Flight Competition: Brisbane Rugby League premiership",1
Extended_finite_element_method,"Extended_finite_element_method  2008-07-10T06:55:24Z   The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a numerical technique that extends the classical FEM approach by extending the solution space for solutions to differential equations. The extended finite element method (XFEM) was developed in in 1999 by Ted Belytschko and collaborators, to help alleviate the above shortcomings of the FEM and has been used to model the propagation of various discontinuities: strong (cracks) and weak (material interfaces). The idea behind XFEM is to retain most advantages of meshfree methods while alleviating their negative sides. The extended finite element method was developed to ease difficulties in solving problems with localized features that are not efficiently resolved by mesh refinement. One of the initial applications was the modelling of fractures in a material. In this original implementation, discontinuous basis functions are added to standard polynomial basis functions for nodes that belonged to elements that where intersected by a crack to provide a basis that included crack opening displacements. A key advantage of XFEM is that in such problems the finite element mesh does not need to be updated to track the crack path; a downside is that cracks can only follow mesh edges. Subsequent research has illustrated the more general use of the method for problems involving singularities, material interfaces, regular meshing of microstructural features such as voids, and other problems where a localized feature can be described by an appropriate set of basis functions. Enriched finite element methods extend, or enrich, the approximation space so that it is able to naturally reproduce the challenging feature associated with the problem of interest: the discontinuity, singularity, boundary layer, etc. It was shown that for some problems, such an embedding of the problem's feature into the approximation space can significantly improve convergence rates and accuracy. Moreover, treating problems with discontinuities with eXtended Finite Element Methods suppresses the need to mesh and remesh the discontinuity surfaces, thus alleviating the computational costs and projection errors associated with conventional finite element methods, at the cost of restricting the discontinuities to mesh edges. There exists several research codes implementing this technique to various degrees. XFEM was also implemented in code ASTER and in Morfeo and is being taken up by industry, with a few plugins and actual core implementations available (ANSYS, ABAQUS, SAMCEF, OOFELIE. . . ),  Extended_finite_element_method  2009-07-28T13:00:13Z   The extended finite element method (XFEM), also known as generalized finite element method (GFEM) or partition of unity method (PUM) is a numerical technique that extends the classical finite element method (FEM) approach by extending the solution space for solutions to differential equations with discontinuous functions. The extended finite element method (XFEM) was developed in 1999 by Ted Belytschko, John Dolbow, and Nicolas Moes, to help alleviate the above shortcomings of the finite element method and has been used to model the propagation of various discontinuities: strong (cracks) and weak (material interfaces). The idea behind XFEM is to retain most advantages of meshfree methods while alleviating their negative sides. The extended finite element method was developed to ease difficulties in solving problems with localized features that are not efficiently resolved by mesh refinement. One of the initial applications was the modelling of fractures in a material. In this original implementation, discontinuous basis functions are added to standard polynomial basis functions for nodes that belonged to elements that are intersected by a crack to provide a basis that included crack opening displacements. A key advantage of XFEM is that in such problems the finite element mesh does not need to be updated to track the crack path. Subsequent research has illustrated the more general use of the method for problems involving singularities, material interfaces, regular meshing of microstructural features such as voids, and other problems where a localized feature can be described by an appropriate set of basis functions. Enriched finite element methods extend, or enrich, the approximation space so that it is able to naturally reproduce the challenging feature associated with the problem of interest: the discontinuity, singularity, boundary layer, etc. It was shown that for some problems, such an embedding of the problem's feature into the approximation space can significantly improve convergence rates and accuracy. Moreover, treating problems with discontinuities with eXtended Finite Element Methods suppresses the need to mesh and remesh the discontinuity surfaces, thus alleviating the computational costs and projection errors associated with conventional finite element methods, at the cost of restricting the discontinuities to mesh edges. There exists several research codes implementing this technique to various degrees. XFEM was also implemented in code ASTER and in Morfeo and is being taken up by industry, with a few plugins and actual core implementations available (ANSYS, ABAQUS, SAMCEF, OOFELIE, etc. ).",0
Coco Martin,"Coco Martin  2012-01-02T20:19:41Z  Rodel Luis Nacianceno (born on November 1, 1981), better known by his stage name, Coco Martin, is a critically acclaimed Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipino actor. He became famous for starring in many independent films, and was dubbed the Prince of Philippine Independent Films. He is also known for his portrayal of Ramon Lecumberri in the critically acclaimed television series, Tayong Dalawa Martin started out in ABS-CBN's talent agency, Star Magic, as part of the Star Circle Batch 9. He made his first cameo film appearance in the 2001 film Luv Txt where he was credited under his real name, Rodel Nacianceno followed by many independent films. Since then he has appeared in several TV advertisements before breaking back into showbiz with his lead debut independent film Masahista for which he was awarded the Young Critics Circle Best Actor Award in 2006. He also starred in Kaleldo in 2006. Early in 2007, Martin joined GMA Network, and appeared in several GMA TV shows starting with Daisy Siete. He also became a member of the boy-group The Studs. Martin was also seen in independent gay-oriented films, Daybreak and Jay where he earned his first Gawad Urian Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2008, Martin returned to ABS-CBN and was cast in Ligaw na Bulaklak as one of the regular casts. In 2009, he starred in the drama series Tayong Dalawa where he won the Best Drama Actor in the 2009 Star Awards for Television. After Tayong Dalawa, he also starred in the afternoon soap opera titled Nagsimula sa Puso. In the same year he joined Star Magic. In 2010, he became part of the cast of ABS-CBN's primetime drama, Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo and had his first leading role via Tonyong Bayawak. He also starred in his first mainstream film Sa 'yo Lamang and the primetime series, 1DOL. Martin also filmed another independent film titled Kinatay where he was nominated for a FAMAS Award for Best Actor. In 2011, he lead the highly-acclaimed television series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin. On May, Martin received the Dekada Award in the Gawad Urian ceremony. He was nominated for multiple awards for his portrayal as Alexander and Javier Del Tierro in Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, namely from the KBP Golden Dove Awards, Golden Screen Awards and Star Awards for TV. Martin is set to do another ensemble series in 2012 titled Walang Hanggan, an adaptation of the 1991 film Hihintayin Kita Sa Langit. . He will also release his second mainstream film with the working title You Light Up My Life opposite Angeline Quinto and another movie with Judy Ann Santos titled Love Will Lead You Back. ,  Coco Martin  2013-12-31T00:53:31Z  Rodel Luis Nacianceno (born on November 1, 1981), better known by his stage name, Coco Martin, is a critically acclaimed Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipino actor. He became famous for starring in many independent films, and was dubbed the Prince of Philippine Independent Films. He is also known for his portrayal of Ramon Lecumberri in the critically acclaimed television series, Tayong Dalawa, as well as for his award-winning dual role as the twins Alexander and Javier del Tierro in the series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, and main protagonist role as Daniel Guidotti in Walang Hanggan. He currently lives with his grandmother who raised him. He has five siblings, three from both his parents and two step siblings on his father's side. Martin started out in Davao with Isagani Gultiano Alexander Aban Meljhun Rieta& Gene Earl Perez ABS-CBN's talent agency, Star Magic, as part of the Star Circle Batch 9. He made his first cameo film appearance in the 2001 film Luv Text where he was credited under his real name, Rodel Nacianceno, followed by many independent films. Since then he has appeared in several TV advertisements before breaking back into showbiz with his lead debut independent film Masahista for which he was awarded the Young Critics Circle Best Actor Award in 2006. He also starred in Kaleldo in 2006. Early in 2007, Martin joined GMA Network, and appeared in several GMA TV shows starting with Daisy Siete. He also became a member of the boy-group The Studs. Martin was also seen in independent gay-oriented films, Daybreak and Jay where he earned his first Gawad Urian Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2008, Martin returned to ABS-CBN and was cast in Ligaw na Bulaklak as one of the regular cast members. In 2009, he starred in the drama series Tayong Dalawa where he won the award for Best Drama Actor at the 2009 Star Awards for Television. After Tayong Dalawa, he starred in the afternoon soap opera titled Nagsimula sa Puso alongside Maja Salvador, Jason Abalos, and Nikki Gil. In the same year he joined Star Magic. In 2010, he became part of the cast of ABS-CBN's primetime drama, Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo and had his first leading role in the action series Tonyong Bayawak. He also starred in his first mainstream film Sa 'yo Lamang and the primetime series, 1DOL. Martin also filmed another independent film titled Kinatay where he was nominated for a FAMAS Award for Best Actor. In 2011, he led the highly-acclaimed television series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin. In May, Martin received the Dekada Award in the Gawad Urian ceremony. He was nominated for multiple awards for his portrayal as Alexander and Javier del Tierro in Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, namely from the KBP Golden Dove Awards, Golden Screen Awards and Star Awards for TV. In 2012, Martin starred in another ensemble series titled Walang Hanggan, an adaptation of the 1991 film Hihintayin Kita Sa Langit. He also starred in his second mainstream film entitled Born to Love You opposite Angeline Quinto. He is set to star in a movie with Judy Ann Santos titled Love Will Lead You Back. Martin also signed with Regal Entertainment to do a film with Marian Rivera entitled Maybe This Time, set to be released in 2013. In May 2012, a script for a film called Juan dela Cruz was submitted to the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, starring Martin alongside Tayong Dalawa co-star Jake Cuenca, Nagsimula Sa Puso and Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin leading lady Maja Salvador, and Albert Martinez. The entry, set to be directed by Richard Somes, was one of the 7 rejected scripts. Cinemedia Films Production Incorporated and ABS-CBN unit head Deo Endrinal felt that the project would be better suited for TV, and have the now mini-series set to air in 2013. Erich Gonzales is taking the role as Martin's leading lady. Gina Pareño and Mylene Dizon also star, and Malu Sevilla will direct. | 27th PMPC Star Awards For TV || Best Drama Actor Of The Year || style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | 27th PMPC Star Awards For TV || Male Star Of The Night || style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | 27th PMPC Star Awards For TV || Best TV Series for ""Juan Dela Cruz"" (shared with the cast) || style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | || Youth Role Model Of The year style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won | || Most Admired Male Personality In Philippine TV style=""background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; "" class=""yes table-yes2 notheme""|Won",1
Verification_(spaceflight),"Verification_(spaceflight)  2009-04-23T21:09:02Z   Verification in the field of space systems engineering covers two verification processes: Qualification and Acceptance Verification standards are developed by organizations like the NASA and the ECSS to establishes the requirements for the verification of a space system product. These standards specifies: Verification is one main reason that costs for space systems are high. All data are to be documented and to stay accessible for potential, later failure analyses. In previous times that approach was executed down to piece-parts level (resistors, switches etc. ) whereas nowadays it is tried to reduce cost by usage of ""CAM (Commercial, Avionics, Military) equipment"" for non-safety relevant units. Qualification is the formal proof that the design meets all requirements of the specification and the parameters agreed in the Interface Control Documents (ICD) including tolerances due to manufacturing imperfections, wear-out within specified life-time, faults etc. The end of the qualification process is the approval signature of the customer on the Certificate of Qualification (COQ) agreeing that all his requirements are met. Acceptance is the formal proof that the product identified by its serial number meets all requirements of the specification and is free of workmanship and material failures. Acceptance is based on the preceding qualification by reference to the used design / manufacturing documentation. The end of the acceptance process is the approval signature of the customer on the Certificate of Acceptance (COA) agreeing that all his requirements are met by the product to be delivered. Qualification verification methods are Each software element will be tested alone and as part of the overall system configuration until considered as qualified. Acceptance verification methods are,  Verification_(spaceflight)  2011-12-06T13:17:10Z   Verification in the field of space systems engineering covers two verification processes: Qualification and Acceptance In the field of spaceflight verification standards are developed NASA and the ECSS, and to specify requirements for the verification of a space system product, such as: Verification is one main reason that costs for space systems are high. All data are to be documented and to stay accessible for potential, later failure analyses. In previous times that approach was executed down to piece-parts level (resistors, switches etc. ) whereas nowadays it is tried to reduce cost by usage of ""CAM (Commercial, Avionics, Military) equipment"" for non-safety relevant units. Qualification is the formal proof that the design meets all requirements of the specification and the parameters agreed in the Interface Control Documents (ICD) including tolerances due to manufacturing imperfections, wear-out within specified life-time, faults etc. The end of the qualification process is the approval signature of the customer on the Certificate of Qualification (COQ) agreeing that all his requirements are met. Acceptance is the formal proof that the product identified by its serial number meets all requirements of the specification and is free of workmanship and material failures. Acceptance is based on the preceding qualification by reference to the used design / manufacturing documentation. The end of the acceptance process is the approval signature of the customer on the Certificate of Acceptance (COA) agreeing that all his requirements are met by the product to be delivered. Qualification verification methods are Each software element will be tested alone and as part of the overall system configuration until considered as qualified. Acceptance verification methods are",0
Kjell_Arne_Bratli,"Kjell_Arne_Bratli  2009-04-18T16:22:36Z   Kjell Arne Bratli (born 25 August 1948) is Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Norwegian Armed Forces. He is a graduate from the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy (Captain RNoN). He is a former editor of military periodicals and former adviser to the Presidium of the Norwegian Parliament. Kjell Arne Bratli has written more than twenty books. This biographical article related to the Norwegian military is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Kjell_Arne_Bratli  2010-01-10T18:31:15Z   Kjell Arne Bratli (born in 1948) is the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Norwegian Armed Forces. Military officer and author. He is a graduate from the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy. Captain RNoN. Served at sea, land and in special service. He travelled as a military reporter behind Soviet lines in Afghanistan in the 1980's and followed mujahideen groups in battle. Captain Bratli has been an active member of the Norwegian Reserve Officer Federation as well as in the CIOR (the NATO reservist organization). He played a vital role in building Rapid Response Information Teams in the NATO Alliance and NATO APIC (Allied Press and Information Centres), as well as modernizing the Norwegian Navy P&I units. Former editor in the daily press and military periodicals. Former Member of the Board of the Atlantic Committee. Bratli was appointed and served as special adviser to the Presidium of the Norwegian Parliament before being elected to the high office of Military Commissioner. He has written more than twenty books. Many about Christianity, Military and Naval History, National Security and Golf. Bratli is a member of the prestigious Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews. This biographical article related to the Norwegian military is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Hardstone_(musician),"Hardstone_(musician)  2016-08-23T22:44:04Z   Hardstone (real name Mbaruku Harrison Ngunjiri Maina, born August 17, 1977) is a Kenyan musician. His music is a mixture of ragga, reggae and hiphop. He sings in English, Swahili and Kikuyu languages. He is a pioneer urban style artist in Kenya and topped the Kenyan music scene for a while in the late 90's. He emerged in 1997 with popular hit ""Uhiki"" and an album named ""Nuting but de Stone"", produced by Tedd Josiah of Sync Sound Studios and released internationally by German-based Kelele Records. Guest artist on the album were Fiona Mungai (of Shadz O'blak) and Eric Wainaina. The album contained two versions of he Uhiki his, original and Pinye's remix. The latter version contains samples of Sexual Healing by Marvin Gaye. At the 1997 Kisima Music Awards, Hardstone won the ""Best new artist of the year"" category. He recorded a second album known as ""Ziwe Nkulu"", but it was left unreleased while he moved to the United States in 1998. He left Kenya to enhance his career, In 2003 he released another album ""Hardstory"". The song ""Uhiki (Pinye's remix)"" was also on ""African Groove"" compilation released by Putumayo World Music in 2003. In 2008, he recorded Stone Republic 12 tracks on Vigintillion Records. Featuring the music of Hardstone, the Godfather of Kenyan Hip Hop, with producers include Edward ""Eddie Hands"" Rollins, and Paul ""Arkitekt"" Himmel. In 2010, Hardstone created ""Stone Island Entertainment"" an Independent Record Label. His new album project, ""Stone Island"" is due to launch early fall 2010 and will accompany his scheduled world tour returning to his homeland of Kenya to perform then Denmark and London. On 9th March 2015, he landed a recording deal with Atlantic Records, making him the first East African to sign for the label. ,  Hardstone_(musician)  2017-10-30T04:44:33Z   Hardstone (real name Mbaruku Harrison Ngunjiri Maina, born August 17, 1977) is a Kenyan musician. His music is a mixture of ragga, reggae and hiphop. He sings in English, Swahili and Kikuyu languages. He is a pioneer urban style artist in Kenya and topped the Kenyan music scene for a while in the late 90's. He emerged in 1997 with popular hit ""Uhiki"" and an album named ""Nuting but de Stone"", produced by Tedd Josiah of Sync Sound Studios and released internationally by German-based Kelele Records. Guest artist on the album were Fiona Mungai (of Shadz O'blak) and Eric Wainaina. The album contained two versions of Uhiki: his original, and Pinye's remix. The latter version contains samples of Sexual Healing by Marvin Gaye. At the 1997 Kisima Music Awards, Hardstone won the ""Best new artist of the year"" category. He recorded a second album known as ""Ziwe Nkulu"", but it was left unreleased while he moved to the United States in 1998. He left Kenya to enhance his career, In 2003 he released another album ""Hardstory"". The song ""Uhiki (Pinye's remix)"" was also on ""African Groove"" compilation released by Putumayo World Music in 2003. In 2008, he recorded Stone Republic 12 tracks on Vigintillion Records. Featuring the music of Hardstone, the Godfather of Kenyan Hip Hop, with producers include Edward ""Eddie Hands"" Rollins, and Paul ""Arkitekt"" Himmel. In 2010, Hardstone created ""Stone Island Entertainment"" an Independent Record Label. On 9 March 2015, he landed a recording deal with Atlantic Records, making him the first East African to sign for the label.",0
1876_Boston_Red_Caps_season,"1876_Boston_Red_Caps_season  2009-07-11T00:47:27Z   With the dissolution of the National Association, the Boston team joined the brand new National League. The team name was changed to the Boston Red Caps to avoid confusion with the new Cincinnati Red Stockings team. Some of the players from the previous year's team defected to other ballclubs, so the team finished further down in the standings this season. Infielders Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts This article relating to an Atlanta Braves season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  1876_Boston_Red_Caps_season  2010-08-22T04:07:23Z   With the dissolution of the National Association, the Boston team joined the brand new National League. The team name was changed to the Boston Red Caps to avoid confusion with the new Cincinnati Red Stockings team. Some of the players from the previous year's team defected to other ballclubs, so the team finished further down in the standings this season. Infielders Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts This article relating to an Atlanta Braves season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Chinmayi discography,"Chinmayi discography  2014-03-22T06:53:50Z  Chinmayi Sripada (born 10 September 1984) is an Indian playback singer, working mainly for the South Indian film industry. ,  Chinmayi discography  2015-12-28T12:38:18Z  Chinmayi (Tamil: சின்மயி ஸ்ரீபதா) (born 10 September 1984) is an Indian playback singer, working mainly for the South Indian film industry. Chakri || Karthik Karthik Chinmayi has sung in various jingles and also dubbed for several artistes in advertisements. Some of the Jingles in which she has sung: Chinmayi has also sung title songs for various television serials. She first sang the title song of Anbulla Snehithiye, after she was introduced to the serial director by director Mani Ratnam. The list of serials she has sung for:",1
Singapore_Food_Festival,"Singapore_Food_Festival  2008-04-11T15:39:44Z   The Singapore Food Festival is an annual event that takes place every year from the end of June to the end of July. It is organised by the Singapore Tourism Board. Comprising of weekly core events, themed celebrations, culinary workshops and competitions organised island-wide, this month-long festival celebrates the local perennial food favourites that have given Singapore an international reputation of a diverse food heaven. There are a lot of disagreements about the Singapore Food Festival among Singaporeans who believe that the Singapore Food Festival is dropping its qualities. singapore is a food paradise,  Singapore_Food_Festival  2009-06-10T14:00:31Z   The Singapore Food Festival is an annual event that takes place every year from the end of June to the end of July. It is organised by the Singapore Tourism Board. Comprising of weekly core events, themed celebrations, culinary workshops and competitions organised island-wide, this month-long festival celebrates the local perennial food favourites that have given Singapore an international reputation of a diverse food heaven.",0
Jason Abalos,"Jason Abalos  2014-02-04T08:01:11Z  Jason Jimenez Abalos (born January 14, 1985) is a Filipino actor. He was also a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Batch 2003 at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology. Abalos is a member of ABS-CBN's circle of homegrown talents named Star Magic. He was discovered after joining Star Circle Quest, a reality show in search of new actors. Abalos, 26, on August 7, 2008, won Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role award in the Young Critics Circle Annual Citation held at the Faculty Center Conference (Pulungang Recto, Bulwagang Rizal) Hall of the University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City. The award was for his role in the indie film “Adela,” directed by Adolf Alix, Jr. and starring Anita Linda (in the 2008 Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival). On October 1, 2008, Abalos won the Best Actor in the 2008 Gawad Urian Awards for “Endo.” He is currently an endorser of fragrance brand Aficionado Germany Perfume with his own product Jason EDT (Eau de Toilette). He was relaunched as endorser in January 8, 2011 during the grand ""1@11"" event at the SM Mall of Asia Concert Grounds attended by 85,000 people. He presently studies at UST. ,  Jason Abalos  2015-12-08T13:05:17Z  Jason Jimenez Abalos (born January 14, 1986) is a Filipino actor. He graduated from Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology. Abalos is a member of Star Magic talents. He was discovered after joining Star Circle Quest, a reality show in search of new actors. On August 7, 2008, he won Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role award in the Young Critics Circle Annual Citation held at the Faculty Center Conference (Pulungang Recto, Bulwagang Rizal) Hall of the University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City. The award was for his role in the indie film “Adela,” directed by Adolf Alix, Jr. and starring Anita Linda (in the 2008 Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival). On October 1, 2008, Abalos won the Best Actor in the 2008 Gawad Urian Awards for Endo. He is currently an endorser of fragrance brand Aficionado Germany Perfume with his own product Jason EDT (Eau de Toilette). He was relaunched as endorser in January 8, 2011 during the grand ""1@11"" event at the SM Mall of Asia Concert Grounds attended by 85,000 people. He presently studies at UST.",1
Wellington_Valley_Mission,"Wellington_Valley_Mission  2018-06-22T15:48:05Z   Wellington Valley Mission was a Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission near to Wellington, New South Wales and one of the earliest to ""Civilize and Christianize"" Aboriginal people in Australia. It was founded in 1830 and closed 12 years later in 1842. The CMS established the mission in 1832 with Rev. William Watson and Rev. Johann Simon Christian Handt as the missionaries. They were granted 10,000 acres (40 km2) and ₤500 per annum to run the mission. A drought in the early days made it almost impossible to provide enough food for the mission. On Saturday 2 March 1833 Watson recorded the following in his journal. ""Our men attempted to plow , but broke the coulter immediately owing to the ground being so dry and hard. We have had very little rain for a long time. Our garden and indeed vegetation in general is almost parched up. Scarcely any food for the cattle. "" The mission was also plagued by internal quarreling and misdealings. In 1837 Handt moved away because of his wife's poor health and was replaced by James Günther who also fought with Watson. Another man, William Porter, joined the mission to assist with the cultivation of the land, but was later found to have acted inappropriately towards some of the Aboriginal women around the mission. Watson attempted to gain control of any Aboriginal children he could get his hands on, gaining a reputation as an eagle hawk, and kidnapper among the Aboriginal women. Eventually Watson left Wellington Valley and, taking the children with him, established a new mission called Apsley. The mission was closed in 1842 after ten years of difficulty and little success. This article about a Christian organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Wellington_Valley_Mission  2018-08-23T06:11:42Z   Wellington Valley Mission was a Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission near to Wellington, New South Wales and one of the earliest to ""Civilize and Christianize"" Aboriginal people in Australia. It was founded in 1830 and closed 12 years later in 1842. The CMS established the mission in 1832 with Rev. William Watson and Rev. Johann Simon Christian Handt as the missionaries. They were granted 10,000 acres (40 km2) and ₤500 per annum to run the mission. A drought in the early days made it almost impossible to provide enough food for the mission. On Saturday 2 March 1833 Watson recorded the following in his journal. ""Our men attempted to plow , but broke the coulter immediately owing to the ground being so dry and hard. We have had very little rain for a long time. Our garden and indeed vegetation in general is almost parched up. Scarcely any food for the cattle. "" The mission was also plagued by internal quarreling and misdealings. In 1837 Handt moved away because of his wife's poor health and was replaced by James Günther who also fought with Watson. Another man, William Porter, joined the mission to assist with the cultivation of the land, but was later found to have acted inappropriately towards some of the Aboriginal women around the mission. Watson attempted to gain control of any Aboriginal children he could get his hands on, gaining a reputation as an eagle hawk, and kidnapper among the Aboriginal women. Eventually Watson left Wellington Valley and, taking the children with him, established a new mission called Apsley. The mission was closed in 1842 after ten years of difficulty and little success. This article about a Christian organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Chelsea_Sugar_Refinery,"Chelsea_Sugar_Refinery  2007-11-13T04:18:57Z   The Chelsea Sugar Refinery is a long-established business and landmark in Birkenhead, New Zealand, located on the northern shore of Auckland's Waitemata Harbour. It was established in 1884, and remains New Zealand's main source of sugar products. It is one of Auckland's deepwater ports. Renowned poet James K Baxter worked at Chelsea as a cleaner in 1969-a job found for him by Hone Tuwhare. Dismissed after three weeks, he wrote the satirical poem ""Ballad of the Stonegut Sugar Works"" which expressed his unhappiness at the working conditions. Baxter's impression of the factory was not shared by all workers; it was recognised as a place of hard work, but the community spirit was high and the company provided many benefits for workers. Before the opening of Auckland's Harbour Bridge in 1959, access to the North Shore from the City was restricted to transport by ferry. While some residents commuted to the city, most of the development of the area was determined by local employment; thus, Chelsea was a leading proponent and determinent in the growth of Birkenhead and provided a focal point for the community. The site was chosen due to the deep water access, allowing a port to be built in 1884. This port continues to accept ships, generally Handysize bulk carriers, delivering up to 30, 000 tons of raw sugar. It remains private, but arrivals at the port are recorded by the Ports of Auckland and subject to Customs and MAF regulations. As the ships generally exceed 500GRT, the ships require pilotage, managed by the Ports of Auckland's Harbour Control. Some of the land was in the ownership of the Ports of Auckland, and leased to Chelsea. In 1997 approval was granted Chelsea to purchase the land, a total of nine hectares. The port is located up-harbour from the Harbour Bridge, thus enforcing a large central span (243. 8 m) and height (43. 27 metres at high tide). Chelsea is more than a landmark on the coast; it has been central to the development of the local community and remians active in preserving and encouraging interest in the local heritage and local events, sponsoring things as diverse as school trails and the publication of local histories. As part of the company's interest in preserving its early heritage for later generations, it has entrusted its archives to the Birkenhead Public Library. These Chelsea Archives contain company records, including wage books, legal files and share registers from throughout its history. The architectural and social importance of the site is recognised by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust listing of the early factory buildings and houses as Category II. Throughout its history, Chelsea has allowed the public open access to its significant grounds, which comprise wetlands, lakes, open space and bush. In order to ensure the parkland -and its access- is maintained, has become a public legacy. ,  Chelsea_Sugar_Refinery  2009-03-22T02:50:54Z   The Chelsea Sugar Refinery, also known colloquially as ""Chelsea"" and the ""sugar works"", is a long-established business and landmark in Birkenhead, New Zealand, located on the northern shore of Auckland's Waitemata Harbour. It was established in 1884, and remains New Zealand's main source of sugar products. It is one of Auckland's deepwater ports. Throughout most of the nineteenth century, all sugar products in New Zealand had to be imported; wishing to improve New Zealand's self-sufficiency, in 1882 the Government offered a bounty to the first company to produce sugar locally. Already interested in business prospects in New Zealand, the Australian Colonial Sugar Refining Company had investigated possible sites in New Zealand and purchased 160 acres (0. 65 km2) of farm land in Birkenhead. This was later expanded to 450 acres (1. 8 km2). The site was ideal for a refinery: the Waitemata offered deep water close to shore for a port, there was plentiful fresh water from Duck Creek, which ran through the estate, and there was plenty of land and timber for building purposes. The name ""Chelsea"" was bestowed on the site by the refinery's first customs officer, who named it after Chelsea in England, his hometown. The ""New Zealand Sugar Company"" was formed in June 1883 by the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, the Victorian Sugar Company, and a number of prominent Auckland businessmen, including Sir Frederick Whitaker, Allan Kerr Taylor, LD Nathan (of Lion Nathan) and AG Horton and JL Wilson (of Wilson & Horton). However, a collapse in the world sugar market in the 1880s led the New Zealand Sugar Company to be re-amalgamated into its parent company Colonial Sugar in 1888. In 1959, the present New Zealand Sugar Company was formed to allow local autonomy. CSR Limited (the modern Colonial Sugar company) currently own 75% of the New Zealand Sugar Company. Work began on the new refinery in 1883, when 150 workers levelled the ground, reclaimed a natural lagoon, built wharves (by blasting bedrock) and created dams using two-thirds of the 1. 5 million bricks which were made on site; the remainder were used in the buildings. By 1884, the refinery was operating, and has not ceased its 24-hour operation since. Of the 150 workers who built the refinery, 100 remained to work in it once it was complete; most had migrated from Auckland and settled in the area. Some of the early machinery and equipment was imported from Greenock in Scotland; much of this historic equipment remains on site, providing a rich industrial heritage. As work on the refinery began, the managers and company officers were able to adapt the existing farm cottages on the estate for their use, but the majority of workers lived in tents and temporary dwellings near the building site. This shanty town was replaced by Chelsea Village, which consisted of 35 cottages provided by the company within the grounds, some distance from the existing Birkenhead village. Planned to be a model town, it provided gardens, a church, reading room, school and shop. However, the village did not remain for many years; the lower houses suffered from dampness and were unoccupied by the early 1890s, and by 1900 it was known as the ""barracks"" and occupied mainly by single men. In 1905 the village was condemned by the health authorities and the worst of the houses were demolished; the rest were sold and shifted from the site. Some of the relocated cottages can still be seen in the older streets around Birkenhead, and the church, now known as St Peters, was moved to Verrans Corner (a local suburb). Desiring its core tradesmen to remain on site, in case of emergencies, the company built four semi-detached brick houses in 1909 on the site of the old Chelsea Village. These houses remain in Cheslea's ownership but are now rented to private individuals. For the remaining workers, the company offered inexpensive housing loans, which financed the building of over a third of Birkenhead's new houses between 1910 and 1926, mainly in the streets surrounding the refinery, including Colonial Road (named after the original sugar company) and Huka Road (after the Maori name for sugar). Renowned poet James K Baxter worked at Chelsea as a cleaner in 1969-a job found for him by Hone Tuwhare. Dismissed after three weeks, he wrote the satirical poem ""Ballad of the Stonegut Sugar Works"" which expressed his unhappiness at the working conditions. Baxter's impression of the factory was not shared by all workers; it was recognised as a place of hard work, but the community spirit was high and the company provided many benefits for workers. The company housing loans and secure employment ensured long service, often complete generations from the same families all working at the refinery. Before the opening of Auckland's Harbour Bridge in 1959, access to the North Shore from the City was restricted to transport by ferry. While some residents commuted to the city, most of the development of the area was determined by local employment; thus, Chelsea was a leading proponent and determinent in the growth of Birkenhead and provided a focal point for the community. With Chelsea as the major employer, Birkenhead was considered by many to be a 'company town'. In 1900, when the borough's population was 1000, one-third of the men worked at the refinery; local farmers and orchadists relied on casual labour in their off-season. Before the establishment of the sugar works, the area consisted of farms and orchards, with a small village beside Birkenhead Wharf; within four years of the refinery's opening, Birkenhead had become a borough. The burgeoning town grew up the hill towards Chelsea Village, with a group of shops established at Highbury, between the two original villages. Most of the local shops were supported by business from Chelsea and its workers,and workers became involved in local community affairs, including the offices of mayor and councillor. The shift sirens could be heard throughout Birkenhead and served as a 'clock' for all. The site was chosen due to the deep water access, allowing a port to be built in 1884. Raw sugar came from Fiji, Cuba, Australia, Indonesia and Peru for refining, and, until the building of the Auckland Harbour Bridge, the finished products were shipped out from the wharf. All other commodities, such as coal, food and mail, were also handled by Chelsea Wharf. This port continues to accept ships, generally Handysize bulk carriers, delivering up to 30,000 tons of raw sugar. It remains private, but arrivals at the port are recorded by the Ports of Auckland and subject to Customs and MAF regulations. As the ships generally exceed 500 GRT GRT uses unsupported parameter (help), the ships require pilotage, managed by the Ports of Auckland's Harbour Control. Some of the land was in the ownership of the Ports of Auckland, and leased to Chelsea. In 1997 approval was granted Chelsea to purchase the land, a total of nine hectares. The port is located up-harbour from the Harbour Bridge, thus enforcing a large central span (243. 8 m) and height (43. 27 metres at high tide). Chelsea is more than a landmark on the coast; it has been central to the development of the local community and remians active in preserving and encouraging interest in the local heritage and local events, sponsoring things as diverse as school trails and the publication of local histories. As part of the company's interest in preserving its early heritage for later generations, it has entrusted its archives to the Birkenhead Public Library. These Chelsea Archives contain company records, including wage books, legal files and share registers from throughout its history. The architectural and social importance of the site is recognised by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. The early factory buildings, manager's house and brick houses have Category II listings, and the site as a whole is recognised for its industrial heritage. As one of the largest complexes in New Zealand, and one of the few refineries in the South Pacific, it helped to established New Zealand as an economic force. Throughout its history, Chelsea has allowed the public open access to its significant grounds, which comprise wetlands, lakes, open space and bush. In order to ensure the parkland -and its access- is maintained, has become a public legacy. Chelsea continues to operate 24 hours a day, and remains New Zealand's market leader in sugar products. Chelsea purchases bulk raw sugar from various sources in the Pacific and Australia, which is brought in by boat and processed and packaged at the Refinery. Sales offices and warehouses around the country aid in the distribution of 200,000 tonnes of sugar a year, supplying both retail and manufacturing markets. About 20% of Chelsea's total production is exported, mainly to Australia and the Pacific. New Zealand has a deregulated economy, so no subsidies or import tariffs for sugar, so Chelsea operates entirely within the free market. Chelsea provide financial support and sponsorship for a variety of organisations and projects within the local community. They also provide funding for the Sugar Research Advisory Service, an independent organisation undertaking and reviewing research into sugar. 36°49′16″S 174°43′26″E / 36. 821°S 174. 724°E / -36. 821; 174. 724",0
Kelly Clarkson videography,"Kelly Clarkson videography  2021-01-10T21:02:29Z  American singer Kelly Clarkson has released two video albums and has appeared in forty two music videos. In 2002, she made her debut music video appearance for the video ""Before Your Love"", which was immediately released after winning the first season of American Idol. An accompanying music video for the companion single, ""A Moment Like This"", was also issued later that same year. From her debut studio album, Thankful (2003), Clarkson released music videos for the singles ""Miss Independent"", ""Low"", and ""The Trouble with Love Is"", the foremost of which earned her three MTV Video Music Award nominations, including Best New Artist in a Video. Thankful was immediately followed by the release of Clarkson's debut video album Miss Independent that same year. In 2004, a music video for her single ""Breakaway"" was released to promote the Disney feature film The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement. Clarkson's sophomore studio album Breakaway (2004) issued accompanying music videos for its singles ""Since U Been Gone"", ""Behind These Hazel Eyes"", ""Because of You"", ""Walk Away"", and an additional live video for ""Breakaway"". The music videos for the songs ""Since U Been Gone"" and ""Because of You"" earned a total of three MTV Video Music Awards and a MuchMusic Video Award. Clarkson's second video album Behind Hazel Eyes was released in 2005 as a companion piece to Breakaway. From her third studio album My December (2007), three music videos were issued to accompany its singles ""Never Again"", ""One Minute"", and ""Don't Waste Your Time"". In 2009, Clarkson's fourth studio album All I Ever Wanted released three music videos for the songs ""My Life Would Suck Without You"", ""I Do Not Hook Up"", and ""Already Gone"", with the foremost receiving a MTV Video Music Award nomination. From 2011 to 2012, three music videos were released from her fifth studio album Stronger to accompany its singles ""Mr. Know It All"", ""Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)"", and ""Dark Side"", all of which collective earned three nominations for an MTV Video Music Award and MuchMusic Video Award. Stronger was followed by her first greatest hits album, Greatest Hits – Chapter One (2012), which released music videos for its singles ""Catch My Breath"", ""Don't Rush"" and ""People Like Us"", the latter two of which was nominated for a CMT Music Award and an MTV Video Music Award, respectively. From 2013 to 2014, three music videos were released to promote her first Christmas album Wrapped in Red: two live performance videos for the songs ""Underneath the Tree"" and ""Silent Night"" from the television special Kelly Clarkson's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale, and an accompaniment video for the titular track. Throughout 2015, her seventh studio record Piece by Piece issued three music videos for ""Heartbeat Song"", ""Invincible"" and ""Piece by Piece"". Clarkson's eighth studio album, Meaning of Life, issued music videos for ""Love So Soft"", ""I Don't Think About You"", and ""Meaning of Life"". In addition to her musical work, Clarkson has appeared in film and television as an actress and a participant. She made her film debut as a lead actress on the 2003 feature From Justin to Kelly. Prior to winning American Idol, Clarkson has appeared as an extra in the television series That '80s Show and Sabrina the Teenage Witch in 2002. She made her television debut as an actress on the television drama American Dreams in 2003 and has appeared as guest judge and a mentor in various television competitions, including American Idol, Canadian Idol, X Factor, and The Voice. Clarkson starred as a judge and mentor on the short-lived series Duets in 2012 and debuted as a coach on the fourteenth season of The Voice in 2018. She also hosts her own daytime talk show, The Kelly Clarkson Show, which premiered in 2019. Clarkson has appeared in advertisements to promote brands such as Ford, NASCAR, Pepsi, Amazon Kindle, and Citizen Watches. ,  Kelly Clarkson videography  2022-12-20T17:47:43Z  American singer Kelly Clarkson has released two video albums and has appeared in forty three music videos. In 2002, she made her debut music video appearance for the video ""Before Your Love"", which was immediately released after winning the first season of American Idol. An accompanying music video for the companion single, ""A Moment Like This"", was also issued later that same year. From her debut studio album, Thankful (2003), Clarkson released music videos for the singles ""Miss Independent"", ""Low"", and ""The Trouble with Love Is"", the foremost of which earned her three MTV Video Music Award nominations, including Best New Artist in a Video. Thankful was immediately followed by the release of Clarkson's debut video album Miss Independent that same year. In 2004, a music video for her single ""Breakaway"" was released to promote the Disney feature film The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement. Clarkson's sophomore studio album Breakaway (2004) issued accompanying music videos for its singles ""Since U Been Gone"", ""Behind These Hazel Eyes"", ""Because of You"", ""Walk Away"", and an additional live video for ""Breakaway"". The music videos for the songs ""Since U Been Gone"" and ""Because of You"" earned a total of three MTV Video Music Awards and a MuchMusic Video Award. Clarkson's second video album Behind Hazel Eyes was released in 2005 as a companion piece to Breakaway. From her third studio album My December (2007), three music videos were issued to accompany its singles ""Never Again"", ""One Minute"", and ""Don't Waste Your Time"". In 2009, Clarkson's fourth studio album All I Ever Wanted released three music videos for the songs ""My Life Would Suck Without You"", ""I Do Not Hook Up"", and ""Already Gone"", with the foremost receiving a MTV Video Music Award nomination. From 2011 to 2012, three music videos were released from her fifth studio album Stronger to accompany its singles ""Mr. Know It All"", ""Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)"", and ""Dark Side"", all of which collective earned three nominations for an MTV Video Music Award and MuchMusic Video Award. Stronger was followed by her first greatest hits album, Greatest Hits – Chapter One (2012), which released music videos for its singles ""Catch My Breath"", ""Don't Rush"" and ""People Like Us"", the latter two of which was nominated for a CMT Music Award and an MTV Video Music Award, respectively. From 2013 to 2014, three music videos were released to promote her first Christmas album Wrapped in Red: two live performance videos for the songs ""Underneath the Tree"" and ""Silent Night"" from the television special Kelly Clarkson's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale, and an accompaniment video for the titular track. Throughout 2015, her seventh studio record Piece by Piece issued three music videos for ""Heartbeat Song"", ""Invincible"" and ""Piece by Piece"". Clarkson's eighth studio album, Meaning of Life, issued music videos for ""Love So Soft"", ""I Don't Think About You"", and ""Meaning of Life"". In addition to her musical work, Clarkson has appeared in film and television as an actress and a participant. She made her film debut as a lead actress on the 2003 feature From Justin to Kelly. Prior to winning American Idol, Clarkson has appeared as an extra in the television series That '80s Show and Sabrina the Teenage Witch in 2002. She made her television debut as an actress on the television drama American Dreams in 2003 and has appeared as guest judge and a mentor in various television competitions, including American Idol, Canadian Idol, X Factor, and The Voice. Clarkson starred as a judge and mentor on the short-lived series Duets in 2012 and debuted as a coach on the fourteenth season of The Voice in 2018. She also hosts her own daytime talk show, The Kelly Clarkson Show, which premiered in 2019. Clarkson has appeared in advertisements to promote brands such as Ford, NASCAR, Pepsi, Amazon Kindle, and Citizen Watches.",1
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2006-01-15T01:55:50Z  Tianjin Teda FC is a Chinese football club based in Tianjin. They play out of the 40,000 capacity TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. The club was founded in 1998 and were Jia B Champions in 1998, and currently play in the Chinese Super League. ,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2007-12-24T12:49:56Z  Tianjin Teda FC is a Chinese football club based in Tianjin and owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area)From January 2007 , their Head Coach is Czech veteran Josef Jarabinsky. Former Feyenoord player and Dutch international André Stafleu, former Chinese football top star Yu Genwei (于根伟), former top scorer Wang Jun (王俊) and former goalkeeper Wang Jianying (王建英) became their assistant coach. Former Chinese football top star, captain of Chinese National Team, hero of Tianjin City, Zuo Shusheng (左树声) took over the amateur team of the club. They play out of the 40,000 capacity TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. The club was founded in 1957, and took on its current identity in 1998, becoming Jia B Champions that same year. They currently play in the Chinese Super League. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. Earlier this year, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which is to become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. Name Changed Chinese Football League B Champions 1998 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. start  Super League 2008  end",1
Mark Winterbottom,"Mark Winterbottom  2018-01-06T22:30:02Z  Mark ""Frosty"" Winterbottom (born 20 May, 1981) is an Australian professional racing driver. He currently competes in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship, driving the No. 5 Ford FG X Falcon for Tickford Racing. His career highlights include winning the 2013 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 (with Steven Richards) and twice winning the Sandown 500, in 2006 and 2015. Winterbottom has also won his maiden championship title in the 2015 International V8 Supercars Championship, making it the first title for Ford in five years. Made his motorsport debut racing motorbikes, racing in club level 50 cc events, progressing to the 80 cc class and competing in fields that included riders Anthony Gobert and Chad Reed. Winterbottom raced whenever he could between his soccer commitments. Raced a dirt Mini-Speedcar and won the NSW and ACT State Championships. Competed in his first kart race in the Cadet class at Wollongong (NSW) and would continue racing karts successfully to the age of 21. Winterbottom won ten Australian Kart Championships and 25 state Kart Championships during his rise through Australia's karting ranks. Winterbottom's national titles were six Clubman Light titles, three Junior National Lights titles and one Junior Clubman title. In 1998, Winterbottom visited America on a family holiday and heard about a major karting event taking place close by – so a last-minute decision was made to rent a kart locally and compete. Winterbottom then won the Knoxville State Championship title race. In 1999 he competed in Japan at the Suzuka Champions Kart race on invitation. In 2001 Winterbottom was crowned as Australian Formula A Kart Champion (Rotax 125cc Class). In 2001, Winterbottom made his Formula Ford debut in the Victorian Formula Ford Championship. Winterbottom raced to runner-up honours after winning four races out of six rounds, missing one round due to karting commitments. He won the Ford Kart Stars Scholarship Championship, gaining a Ford-supported drive in the 2002 Australian Formula Ford Championship. He finished second in the 2002 Australian Formula Ford Championship with two round victories, five race wins and two pole positions. The championship was won by Winterbottom's future V8 Supercars rival Jamie Whincup. He was presented with 2002 Avon Formula Ford Rookie of the Year Award. In 2003, Winterbottom became the Konica V8 Supercar Series champion in his debut season. Winterbottom raced with Ford team Stone Brothers Racing (SBR) to five round victories and six pole positions in an almost perfect season. Two of Winterbottom's race victories were gained from rear-of-field reverse grid starts. He missed out on making a clean sweep of the series due to an engine failure in the fifth round at Phillip Island. He also debuted in the V8 Supercars Championship at the Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000 with SBR, sharing a BA Falcon with Mark Noske. Winterbottom and Noske finished 11th at Sandown, before qualifying 16th at the 2003 Bathurst 1000 and then retiring at three-quarter distance whilst running in third with engine problems. He was the recipient of the Mike Kable Young Gun Award. Winterbottom joined Ford V8 Supercar team Larkham Motor Sport (LMS) and competed in the 2004 and 2005 V8 Supercar championships. Highlights of his debut season included a fifth-place finish at Bathurst and sixth-place result at Sandown in 2004. Winterbottom's best qualifying result was fifth at the Darwin round in 2005. The lowlight was at the V8 Supercars China Round in which Winterbottom avoided injury after a loose drain cover penetrated the chassis floor and damaged the driver's seat. Winterbottom joined Ford Performance Racing (FPR) as driver of the number 5 Ford Credit Falcon for the 2006 and 2007 V8 Supercar championship seasons. This appointment continued Winterbottom's career-long involvement with Ford Australia from the karting ranks all the way to a lead role with Ford's major V8 Supercars team. He claimed his first V8 Supercars round victory co-driving with Jason Bright at the 2006 Betta Electrical 500 and gained second place overall round finishes at Pukekohe and Surfers Paradise. By the midpoint of the season, Winterbottom had climbed from 22nd to third in the championship standings and added two further podium finishes with a third at Symmons Plains Raceway and second at Phillip Island. Phillip Island also saw Winterbottom achieve his first V8 Supercars sprint race victory. With nine top ten finishes for the season, Winterbottom had secured third place in the Drivers' Championship in just his third season of main V8 Supercar Series competition. Winterbottom achieved 5th in the championship, with the highlight being winning his first solo V8 Supercars round at the Desert 400 in Bahrain, preserving FPR's undefeated record at the international round. Winterbottom also gained four pole positions, including his first at Pukekohe Park, which was followed by poles at the Sandown 500, Bathurst 1000 and at the Desert 400. These four poles allowed him to claim the 2007 V8 Supercars Pole Award. Winterbottom went off late in the race whilst leading the 2007 Bathurst 1000. FPR secured Winterbottom as the driver of the number 5 FPR Falcon for a further three years. Winterbottom's highlight of 2008 was a dominant round victory at the BigPond 400 at Wanneroo's Barbagallo Raceway in Perth, Western Australia. Winterbottom achieved pole position and wins in all three races. Winterbottom also won the 2008 City of Ipswich 400 at Queensland Raceway. With further good results at Adelaide, Eastern Creek, Surfers Paradise and Symmons Plains, he placed second in the championship, just behind his former Formula Ford rival Whincup. Winterbottom experienced a challenging season, finishing in fifth position in the championship, eight places ahead of team-mate Steven Richards. His highlights included an event win at the Gold Coast 600 and pole positions for Race 3 of the championship at the Hamilton 400 in New Zealand, and race 5 at Winton Motor Raceway. On both occasions, he had troublesome races which resulted in little or no points for the championship. In race 6 at Winton, Winterbottom recovered from the difficulties of race 5 to finish in second position. He also won a race at the V8 Supercars Challenge non-championship round at the Australian Grand Prix. In 2010, Winterbottom was a distant yet mathematical chance of winning the championship title heading into the final round, the Sydney 500. However a crash, which ironically also involved fellow contenders Whincup and James Courtney, in wet conditions in the Saturday race ruled Winterbottom out of the title race. In 2011, Winterbottom finished a distant third to the Triple Eight Race Engineering cars. He scored two wins, at the Gold Coast 600 with international co-driver Richard Lyons and in the final race of the year at the Sydney 500. Winterbottom finished the season in third position, with three race wins in the middle of the season. Before the final round of the championship, the Sydney 500 on the Homebush Street Circuit, Winterbottom was in second, but fell behind Craig Lowndes to finish third. Winterbottom also claimed the coveted Barry Sheene Medal for the best and fairest driver in the series. In 2013, Winterbottom won the Bathurst 1000 alongside ex-team mate Steven Richards on 13 October. However, due to a poor start to the championship, Winterbottom was only able to finish fourth in the championship, with three race wins. Team mate Will Davison finished narrowly ahead in third, aiding FPR's rise in the Teams' Championship to finish second for the first time. In 2014 Winterbottom started the season very well, leading the championship by 161 points after the 2014 Skycity Triple Crown in June. Despite high hopes of claiming his first title, Winterbottom's campaign ultimately crumbled against the Triple Eight juggernaut. He did not win another race after the Darwin round. At the 2014 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000, Winterbottom was a chance of going back-to-back late in the race, until an incident with an attacking Craig Lowndes resulted in him dropping back, and eventually recovering to take a fifth-place finish. As in 2012, going into the final round in Sydney, Winterbottom was second with Whincup in first and out of reach. However, Shane Van Gisbergen won the Sunday race to demote Winterbottom to third in the standings. In 2015, Prodrive Racing Australia (the new name for Ford Performance Racing, due to reduced support from Ford) debuted the Ford FG X Falcon, and it brought considerable success almost immediately, with Winterbottom taking four wins out of four races at the non-championship V8 Supercars Challenge event at the Australian Grand Prix. Winterbottom then achieved eight race wins in the middle part of the championship year, including a clean-sweep of the 2015 Castrol Edge Townsville 400. This resulted in Winterbottom taking a large championship lead into the endurance races. Driving with Steve Owen, Winterbottom then went on to increase his lead with his ninth win of the year at the 2015 Wilson Security Sandown 500, before finishing second at the 2015 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000. Despite not winning a race after Sandown, Winterbottom held on to secure his first championship title in a showdown against Craig Lowndes at the final round, the Sydney 500. Winterbottom had a slow start to his championship defence, not achieving a podium finish until the fifth race of the season at Symmons Plains. Winterbottom's first victory of the year was at the Perth SuperSprint, where on older tyres he held off Scott McLaughlin by under half a second. Two podiums at Winton gave Winterbottom the championship lead, before a poor event in Darwin dropped him back in the standings. Solid results at Townsville and Queensland Raceway followed, leaving Winterbottom third in the championship standings before the winter break. However, a decline in pace in the second half of the season left Winterbottom to finish sixth in the championship, with only one further race victory, at the Auckland SuperSprint. 2017 saw Winterbottom complete a winless year for the first time since moving to Ford Performance Racing in 2006. Highlights included podiums at the Phillip Island 500, Townsville 400 and Auckland SuperSprint, while the lowlight was crashing out of the Bathurst 1000 on the penultimate lap while battling for fifth place. In 2014 and 2015, Winterbottom appeared in the season-opening two-driver round of the Stock Car Brasil championship, for Voxx Racing. In 2014, he drove alongside Sérgio Jimenez to fourth at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace whilst in 2015 he finished second with Marcos Gomes at the Autódromo Internacional Ayrton Senna. Just like Winterbottom, Gomes went on to win his respective championship title in 2015. Winterbottom is the son of the 1969 and 1974 Australian Sprintcar Champion and former chairman of the Sprintcar Control Council of Australia, Jim Winterbottom. Winterbottom took up the sport of Association football from the age of six, and by eleven was competing with a state level team, (Blacktown United) in matches across New South Wales. He made the decision to give up soccer to pursue his motor racing ambitions at the age of eleven. Winterbottom was used as the voice of the character 'Frosty' in the Australian Release of the 2011 Pixar film Cars 2. He also appeared as a contestant on Season 3 of the Seven Network's celebrity series Australia's Greatest Athlete in 2011. Winterbottom currently lives in Melbourne, Australia with his wife Renée and two children, Oliver and Austin. TBA 9 Jack Le Brocq 2 Ryan Wood 25 Chaz Mostert 3 Aaron Love 7 James Courtney 4 Cameron Hill 10 Nick Percat 6 Cam Waters 55 Thomas Randle 8 Andre Heimgartner 14 Bryce Fullwood 12 Jaxon Evans 96 Macauley Jones 11 Anton de Pasquale 17 Will Davison 18 Mark Winterbottom 20 David Reynolds 19 Matthew Payne 26 Richie Stanaway 23 Tim Slade 31 James Golding 87 Will Brown 88 Broc Feeney,  Mark Winterbottom  2019-12-04T00:03:03Z  Mark ""Frosty"" Winterbottom (born 20 May 1981) is an Australian professional racing driver. He currently competes in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship, driving the No. 18 Holden ZB Commodore for Charlie Schwerkolt Racing. His career highlights include winning the 2013 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 (with Steven Richards), twice winning the Sandown 500 (2006 and 2015) and receiving the Mike Kable Young Gun Award in 2003. Winterbottom has also won his maiden championship title in the 2015 International V8 Supercars Championship, making it the first title for Ford in five years. Made his motorsport debut racing motorbikes, racing in club level 50 cc events, progressing to the 80 cc class and competing in fields that included riders Anthony Gobert and Chad Reed. Winterbottom raced whenever he could between his soccer commitments. Raced a dirt Mini-Speedcar and won the NSW and ACT State Championships. Competed in his first kart race in the Cadet class at Wollongong (NSW) and would continue racing karts successfully to the age of 21. Winterbottom won ten Australian Kart Championships and 25 state Kart Championships during his rise through Australia's karting ranks. Winterbottom's national titles were six Clubman Light titles, three Junior National Lights titles and one Junior Clubman title. In 1998, Winterbottom visited America on a family holiday and heard about a major karting event taking place close by – so a last-minute decision was made to rent a kart locally and compete. Winterbottom then won the Knoxville State Championship title race. In 1999 he competed in Japan at the Suzuka Champions Kart race on invitation. In 2001 Winterbottom was crowned as Australian Formula A Kart Champion (Rotax 125cc Class). In 2001, Winterbottom made his Formula Ford debut in the Victorian Formula Ford Championship. Winterbottom raced to runner-up honours after winning four races out of six rounds, missing one round due to karting commitments. He won the Ford Kart Stars Scholarship Championship, gaining a Ford-supported drive in the 2002 Australian Formula Ford Championship. He finished second in the 2002 Australian Formula Ford Championship with two round victories, five race wins and two pole positions. The championship was won by Winterbottom's future V8 Supercars rival Jamie Whincup. He was presented with 2002 Avon Formula Ford Rookie of the Year Award. In 2003, Winterbottom became the Konica V8 Supercar Series champion in his debut season. Winterbottom raced with Ford team Stone Brothers Racing (SBR) to five round victories and six pole positions in an almost perfect season. Two of Winterbottom's race victories were gained from rear-of-field reverse grid starts. He missed out on making a clean sweep of the series due to an engine failure in the fifth round at Phillip Island. He also debuted in the V8 Supercars Championship at the Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000 with SBR, sharing a BA Falcon with Mark Noske. Winterbottom and Noske finished 11th at Sandown, before qualifying 16th at the 2003 Bathurst 1000 and then retiring at three-quarter distance whilst running in third with engine problems. He was the recipient of the Mike Kable Young Gun Award. Winterbottom joined Ford V8 Supercar team Larkham Motor Sport (LMS) and competed in the 2004 and 2005 V8 Supercar championships. Highlights of his debut season included a fifth-place finish at Bathurst and sixth-place result at Sandown in 2004. Winterbottom's best qualifying result was fifth at the Darwin round in 2005. The lowlight was at the V8 Supercars China Round in which Winterbottom avoided injury after a loose drain cover penetrated the chassis floor and damaged the driver's seat. Winterbottom joined Ford Performance Racing (FPR) as driver of the number 5 Ford Credit Falcon for the 2006 and 2007 V8 Supercar championship seasons. This appointment continued Winterbottom's career-long involvement with Ford Australia from the karting ranks all the way to a lead role with Ford's major V8 Supercars team. He claimed his first V8 Supercars round victory co-driving with Jason Bright at the 2006 Betta Electrical 500 and gained second place overall round finishes at Pukekohe and Surfers Paradise. By the midpoint of the season, Winterbottom had climbed from 22nd to third in the championship standings and added two further podium finishes with a third at Symmons Plains Raceway and second at Phillip Island. Phillip Island also saw Winterbottom achieve his first V8 Supercars sprint race victory. With nine top ten finishes for the season, Winterbottom had secured third place in the Drivers' Championship in just his third season of main V8 Supercar Series competition. Winterbottom achieved 5th in the championship, with the highlight being winning his first solo V8 Supercars round at the Desert 400 in Bahrain, preserving FPR's undefeated record at the international round. Winterbottom also gained four pole positions, including his first at Pukekohe Park, which was followed by poles at the Sandown 500, Bathurst 1000 and at the Desert 400. These four poles allowed him to claim the 2007 V8 Supercars Pole Award. Winterbottom went off late in the race whilst leading the 2007 Bathurst 1000. FPR secured Winterbottom as the driver of the number 5 FPR Falcon for a further three years. Winterbottom's highlight of 2008 was a dominant round victory at the BigPond 400 at Wanneroo's Barbagallo Raceway in Perth, Western Australia. Winterbottom achieved pole position and wins in all three races. Winterbottom also won the 2008 City of Ipswich 400 at Queensland Raceway. With further good results at Adelaide, Eastern Creek, Surfers Paradise and Symmons Plains, he placed second in the championship, just behind his former Formula Ford rival Whincup. Winterbottom experienced a challenging season, finishing in fifth position in the championship, eight places ahead of team-mate Steven Richards. His highlights included an event win at the Gold Coast 600 and pole positions for Race 3 of the championship at the Hamilton 400 in New Zealand, and race 5 at Winton Motor Raceway. On both occasions, he had troublesome races which resulted in little or no points for the championship. In race 6 at Winton, Winterbottom recovered from the difficulties of race 5 to finish in second position. He also won a race at the V8 Supercars Challenge non-championship round at the Australian Grand Prix. In 2010, Winterbottom was a distant yet mathematical chance of winning the championship title heading into the final round, the Sydney 500. However a crash, which ironically also involved fellow contenders Whincup and James Courtney, in wet conditions in the Saturday race ruled Winterbottom out of the title race. In 2011, Winterbottom finished a distant third to the Triple Eight Race Engineering cars. He scored two wins, at the Gold Coast 600 with international co-driver Richard Lyons and in the final race of the year at the Sydney 500. Winterbottom finished the season in third position, with three race wins in the middle of the season. Before the final round of the championship, the Sydney 500 on the Homebush Street Circuit, Winterbottom was in second, but fell behind Craig Lowndes to finish third. Winterbottom also claimed the coveted Barry Sheene Medal for the best and fairest driver in the series. In 2013, Winterbottom won the Bathurst 1000 alongside ex-team mate Steven Richards on 13 October. However, due to a poor start to the championship, Winterbottom was only able to finish fourth in the championship, with three race wins. Team mate Will Davison finished narrowly ahead in third, aiding FPR's rise in the Teams' Championship to finish second for the first time. In 2014 Winterbottom started the season very well, leading the championship by 161 points after the 2014 Skycity Triple Crown in June. Despite high hopes of claiming his first title, Winterbottom's campaign ultimately crumbled against the Triple Eight juggernaut. He did not win another race after the Darwin round. At the 2014 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000, Winterbottom was a chance of going back-to-back late in the race, until an incident with an attacking Craig Lowndes resulted in him dropping back, and eventually recovering to take a fifth-place finish. As in 2012, going into the final round in Sydney, Winterbottom was second with Whincup in first and out of reach. However, Shane van Gisbergen won the Sunday race to demote Winterbottom to third in the standings. In 2015, Prodrive Racing Australia (the new name for Ford Performance Racing, due to reduced support from Ford) debuted the Ford FG X Falcon, and it brought considerable success almost immediately, with Winterbottom taking four wins out of four races at the non-championship V8 Supercars Challenge event at the Australian Grand Prix. Winterbottom then achieved eight race wins in the middle part of the championship year, including a clean-sweep of the 2015 Castrol Edge Townsville 400. This resulted in Winterbottom taking a large championship lead into the endurance races. Driving with Steve Owen, Winterbottom then went on to increase his lead with his ninth win of the year at the 2015 Wilson Security Sandown 500, before finishing second at the 2015 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000. Despite not winning a race after Sandown, Winterbottom held on to secure his first championship title in a showdown against Craig Lowndes at the final round, the Sydney 500. Winterbottom had a slow start to his championship defence, not achieving a podium finish until the fifth race of the season at Symmons Plains. Winterbottom's first victory of the year was at the Perth SuperSprint, where on older tyres he held off Scott McLaughlin by under half a second. Two podiums at Winton gave Winterbottom the championship lead, before a poor event in Darwin dropped him back in the standings. Solid results at Townsville and Queensland Raceway followed, leaving Winterbottom third in the championship standings before the winter break. However, a decline in pace in the second half of the season left Winterbottom to finish sixth in the championship, with only one further race victory, at the Auckland SuperSprint. 2017 saw Winterbottom complete a winless year for the first time since moving to Ford Performance Racing in 2006. Highlights included podiums at the Phillip Island 500, Townsville 400 and Auckland SuperSprint, while the lowlight was crashing out of the Bathurst 1000 on the penultimate lap while battling for fifth place. Winterbottom secured sixth in the championship for the second consecutive year, albeit only after Craig Lowndes' late retirement at the season-ending Newcastle 500. In 2018, Prodrive Racing Australia was again renamed, to Tickford Racing, and Winterbottom began the year with a top five Saturday result at the Adelaide 500 before a pit lane penalty dropped him down the field in the Sunday race. His fortunes did not improve, with Tickford Racing enduring a difficult start to the season until Winterbottom scored both his and Tickford Racing's first race podium of the year at the fifth event at Barbagallo. It was confirmed on the 1st of November that Winterbottom would leave Tickford Racing at the end of the 2018 season, after 13 years with the team. Despite a difficult final season with the team, in which he finished only 12th in the championship, Winterbottom left the team with a record of 412 race starts, 38 wins, 35 poles and 117 podiums. Winterbottom announced ahead of the 2018 Newcastle 500 that he would be moving to Charlie Schwerkolt Racing in 2019, the first time he will have driven a Holden in his career. In 2014 and 2015, Winterbottom appeared in the season-opening two-driver round of the Stock Car Brasil championship, for Voxx Racing. In 2014, he drove alongside Sérgio Jimenez to fourth at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace whilst in 2015 he finished second with Marcos Gomes at the Autódromo Internacional Ayrton Senna. Just like Winterbottom, Gomes went on to win his respective championship title in 2015. Winterbottom returned to Brazil in 2018, finishing eleventh at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace driving with Átila Abreu, despite starting from the rear of the grid. Winterbottom is the son of the 1969 and 1974 Australian Sprintcar Champion and former chairman of the Sprintcar Control Council of Australia, Jim Winterbottom. Winterbottom took up the sport of Association football from the age of six, and by eleven was competing with a state level team, (Blacktown United) in matches across New South Wales. He made the decision to give up soccer to pursue his motor racing ambitions at the age of eleven. Winterbottom was used as the voice of the character 'Frosty' in the Australian Release of the 2011 Pixar film Cars 2. He also appeared as a contestant on Season 3 of the Seven Network's celebrity series Australia's Greatest Athlete in 2011. TBA 9 Jack Le Brocq 2 Ryan Wood 25 Chaz Mostert 3 Aaron Love 7 James Courtney 4 Cameron Hill 10 Nick Percat 6 Cam Waters 55 Thomas Randle 8 Andre Heimgartner 14 Bryce Fullwood 12 Jaxon Evans 96 Macauley Jones 11 Anton de Pasquale 17 Will Davison 18 Mark Winterbottom 20 David Reynolds 19 Matthew Payne 26 Richie Stanaway 23 Tim Slade 31 James Golding 87 Will Brown 88 Broc Feeney",1
Kostiukhnivka,"Kostiukhnivka  2018-01-18T08:59:13Z   Kostyukhnivka (Ukrainian: Костюхнівка, Polish: Kostiuchnówka) is a village in Volyn Oblast, Manevytskyi Raion of Ukraine. In 1916, it was the site of the Battle of Kostiuchnówka between the Russian Army and the Polish Legions in the opening phase of the Brusilov Offensive of World War I. This article about a location in Volyn Oblast is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. 51°21′16″N 25°45′14″E / 51. 35444°N 25. 75389°E / 51. 35444; 25. 75389,  Kostiukhnivka  2023-01-12T09:57:50Z   Kostyukhnivka (Ukrainian: Костюхнівка, Polish: Kostiuchnówka) is a village in Kamin-Kashyrskyi Raion of Volyn Oblast, Ukraine, but was formerly administered within Manevytskyi Raion. In 1916, it was the site of the Battle of Kostiuchnówka between the Russian Army and the Polish Legions in the opening phase of the Brusilov Offensive of World War I. 51°21′16″N 25°45′14″E / 51. 35444°N 25. 75389°E / 51. 35444; 25. 75389 This article about a location in Volyn Oblast is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Stuart_Ditchek,"Stuart_Ditchek  2009-06-04T04:27:16Z   Stuart Ditchek (b. 1961) is an American author and board-certified Pediatrician, best known as one of the authors of the book on integrative pediatrics, Healthy Child, Whole Child: Integrating the Best of Conventional and Alternative Medicine to Keep Your Kids Healthy (HarperCollins 2001). A second book is due to come out in 2009. Dr. Ditchek runs a website where he provides information on integrative pediatrics . Ditchek acted as the medical director of Chai Lifeline, a not-for-profit organization that offers support services and summer camp for sick children for many years but for some unknown there will be a new head medical director at Chai Lifeline's Camp Simcha this coming summer of 2009. He is also the leader of the Zachary Baumel campaign, seeking the release of the three Israeli soldiers missing since the Battle of Sultan Yacoub in Lebanon in 1982. Healthy Child, Whole Child: Integrating the Best of Conventional and Alternative Medicine to Keep Your Kids Healthy (with Russell H. Greenfield, MD) (2001) {{subst:#if:Ditchek, Stuart|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1961}} }}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:}} }},  Stuart_Ditchek  2009-09-30T01:27:41Z   Stuart Ditchek (b. 1961) is an American author , board-certified Pediatrician, and Professor of medicine , best known as one of the authors of the book on integrative pediatrics, Healthy Child, Whole Child: Integrating the Best of Conventional and Alternative Medicine to Keep Your Kids Healthy (HarperCollins 2001). Ditcheks second book came out in 2009. Dr. Ditchek has a website where he provides information on integrative pediatrics. Ditchek founded and served as the medical director of Camp Simcha Special, from 2001-2009, a camp for children with chronic illnesses, a program of Chai Lifeline and currently acts as the medical director of Kids of Courage, a non-for-profit for children with chronic lifelong illnesses. He is also the founder and director of the Committee for the Release of Zachary Baumel campaign, seeking the release of the three Israeli soldiers who went missing in the Battle of Sultan Yacoub , Lebanon in 1982. Healthy Child, Whole Child: Integrating the Best of Conventional and Alternative Medicine to Keep Your Kids Healthy (with Russell H. Greenfield, MD) (2001)",0
Baby Blues,"Baby Blues  2007-01-07T01:12:21Z  Baby Blues is a comic strip series produced by Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott since January 7, 1990. The strip is mainly about raising babies and children. Children in the strip are more often than not unaware of their parents' difficulties (but also fear of their punishments), and parents often meet a dilemma, being exhausted and frustrated of the children's incooperation, as well as ultimate love towards them. The strip mainly consists of three families: This family joined the strip around March 1991. Unlike other strips, children in Baby Blues' do grow as time passes, though slower than real time. The authors claimed that the time ratio is 3 to 1 (that is, three days in real time equals one day in the strip), but the fact is only true when a MacPherson's kid is born and hasn't celebrated the first birthday. As the strip goes on, the ratio becomes about 2 to 1. Characters do not celebrate all their birthdays even in terms of comic time. As of 2006, the strip has been on for 16 years and the main character, Zoe MacPherson, is 7 years old (she claimed to be almost 8 on the strip around Christmas, December 23, 2004 See Strip, but her birthday wasn't celebrated on January 7, 2005). Meanwhile, her brother Hammie appeared for eleven years and is now 5. In Zoe's show-and-tell, it was revealed that Wren MacPherson was 7 months old See Strip. ,  Baby Blues  2008-12-31T22:12:52Z  Baby Blues is an American comic strip series produced by Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott since January 7, 1990. Syndicated by King Features Syndicate since 1995, the strip centralizes on the MacPherson family. Initially, this family was composed of parents Wanda and Darryl MacPherson, and their daughter Zoe, who was a newborn baby when the strip began. Throughout the strip's run, Zoe has grown, and two more children have been added to the family: Hammie, the middle child and only son, and Wren, the youngest child. The strip focuses mainly on the MacPherson family — specifically, the raising of the three MacPherson children. Both Kirkman and Scott have drawn from their own parenting experiences as a source for much of the strip's content. The strip mainly consists of three families: The children in Baby Blues have aged as the strip has progressed, although at a slower rate than real-time. Kirkman and Scott have stated that the strip's timeline is ""about a 3 to 1 ratio."" As of 2008, Zoe, Hammie and Wren are 9, 6, and 1, respectively. As of late 2008, twenty-three books of Baby Blues strips have been issued, as well as six treasuries. Each treasury comprises reprints from the collection books preceding it, with Sunday strips presented in color. In 2000, ""Baby Blues"" was adapted into an animated cartoon series which aired on The WB Television Network for a few weeks in the summer, from July 28, 2000 to August 25, 2000. The animated version featured Darryl and Wanda raising the infant Zoe as their first child, as distinct from the comic strip's storyline at the time which showed Zoe as the older sister to Hammie. Mike O'Malley supplied the voice of Darryl while Julia Sweeney played Wanda. The Baby Blues television series differed from the comic strip by focusing on Darryl and Wanda's relationship with the Bittermans, a neighbor family with three children (Rodney, Megan, and Shelby); Kenny, Darryl's co-worker; and Bizzy, the babysitter for Zoe. Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott had little creative control over the animated version. The WB typically aired two episodes each week, thus enabling eight different episodes to be shown in the five-week run, but abandoned plans to air additional episodes which had been completed. Previously unaired episodes were later shown by the Cartoon Network in its Adult Swim block. Like fellow WB primetime animated series The Oblongs and Mission Hill, this show was cancelled after 13 episodes. The Theme Song was ""It's All Been Done"" by the Barenaked Ladies.",1
Randy_Fichtner,"Randy_Fichtner  2010-05-29T00:53:07Z   Randy Fichtner is a quarterbacks coach for the National Football League's Pittsburgh Steelers. Fichtner began his NFL coaching career when he was hired on January 29, 2007 as the Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver coach after Bruce Arians became offensive coordinator. He was hired by Mike Tomlin when he became head coach after Bill Cowher resigned early in 2007. As of 2010 Fichtner became the Pittsburgh Steelers Quarterbacks coach. As a college coach, Fichtner has coached at the University of Memphis (1990-1993) and (2001-2006), Arkansas State University (1997-2000), Purdue University (1994-1996), UNLV (1989), and USC (1988). Fichtner was also a graduate assistant at the University of Michigan. Fichtner played defensive back at Purdue University. Fichtner graduated from Purdue University in 1985. Template:NFLQBCoaches This biographical article relating to an American football coach is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Randy_Fichtner  2011-06-28T14:04:52Z   Randy Fichtner (born 7 November 1963) is a quarterbacks coach for the National Football League's Pittsburgh Steelers. Fichtner, a native of Cleveland, Ohio, was a standout football player at Meadville Area Senior High School. He chose to attend Purdue University, playing defensive back for the Boilermakers. Fichtner began his coaching career as a graduate assistant, serving with Michigan, USC, UNLV, and Memphis from 1986–1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990–1993 respectively. He earned the position of wide receivers coach and recruiting director at Purdue in 1994, serving for two years before moving to Arkansas State to become the offensive coordinator from 1997–2001. Under Fichtner's tutelage, current CFL quarterback Cleo Lemon flourished, setting numerous school records for passing and total offense. Fichtner returned to Memphis in 2001 to serve as offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach, instituting a new, highly effective spread offense that set school records for total offense. The new system allowed the teams to amass prolific offensive statistics, totalling over 5000 yards in both 2003 and 2004 to rank in the top ten for both yardage and scoring, as well as supporting the development of quarterback Danny Wimprime and running back DeAngelo Williams. Fichtner's NFL coaching debut began in 2007, serving as wide receivers coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers as part of new head coach Mike Tomlin's regime, replacing the promoted Bruce Arians. He was instrumental in the development of the Steelers young wide receiver corps, mentoring Santonio Holmes to multiple 1000-yard seasons and a Super Bowl MVP award as well as supporting the growth of emerging wideouts Mike Wallace, Emmanuel Sanders, and Antonio Brown. In 2010, Fichtner became the Pittsburgh Steelers quarterbacks coach, replacing Ken Anderson after Anderson's retirement. Fichtner and his wife Jennifer have three children: a son, Nathaniel Ross, and two daughters, Shelby Brooke and Kirby Lynn. Template:NFLQuarterbackCoaches Template:Persondata",0
Israeli_Basketball_State_Cup,"Israeli_Basketball_State_Cup  2009-02-19T21:56:48Z   The Basketball State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה בכדורסל) is the second most important basketball competition in Israel, after Ligat HaAl. The tournament began in the 1955-56 season, and is run by the Israel Basketball Association. The tournament format consists of teams facing each other for a one game elimination match. The winner advances to the second round, which also consists of one game elimination match. The winner of the second round advances to the quarter final stage. The first and second round pairings are selected by a random draw. According to the rules of the draw, the previous season's State Cup champions and Super League champions may not meet before the final phase. If the previous year's State Cup and Ligat HaAl were both won by the same team (as has often happened in the past), the champions and the finalists from the State Cup Ligat HaAl may not meet until the final phase. ,  Israeli_Basketball_State_Cup  2010-07-28T13:26:36Z   The Israeli Basketball State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה בכדורסל) is the second most important basketball competition in Israel, after Ligat HaAl. The tournament began in the 1955-56 season, and is run by the Israel Basketball Association. The tournament format consists of teams facing each other for a one game elimination match. The winner advances to the second round, which also consists of one game elimination match. The winner of the second round advances to the quarter final stage. The first and second round pairings are selected by a random draw. According to the rules of the draw, the previous season's State Cup champions and Super League champions may not meet before the final phase. If the previous year's State Cup and Ligat HaAl were both won by the same team (as has often happened in the past), the champions and the finalists from the State Cup Ligat HaAl may not meet until the final phase.",0
Ryan Bowman,"Ryan Bowman  2020-01-11T20:22:22Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL League One club Exeter City. Born in Carlisle, Cumbria, Bowman started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North club Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 matches on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first-team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and during the summer of 2010 signed a one-year professional contract. On 19 October 2010, Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of 2010–11 for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in 2010–11 before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed for Conference Premier club Darlington on 4 August 2011 on a sixth-month contract. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011, he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league matches without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of 2011–12 on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 appearances as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on 24 July 2012 on a one-year contract. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One team Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished 2012–13 as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two club York City on 24 May 2013 on a two-year contract. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th-minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd-minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished 2013–14 with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier club Torquay United on 3 July 2014 on a two-year contract. Bowman signed for Torquay's National League rivals Gateshead on 17 July 2015 for an undisclosed fee. Bowman signed for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell on 31 August 2016 on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on 10 September 2016, as Motherwell drew 1–1 away to Ross County. Bowman signed for League Two club Exeter City on 2 January 2019 for an undisclosed nominal fee as a replacement for Jayden Stockley, who was expected to leave the club. ,  Ryan Bowman  2021-12-26T23:31:16Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL League One club Shrewsbury Town. Bowman was born in Carlisle, Cumbria. He started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North club Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 matches on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first-team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and during the summer of 2010 signed a one-year professional contract. On 19 October 2010, Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of 2010–11 for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in 2010–11 before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed for Conference Premier club Darlington on 4 August 2011 on a sixth-month contract. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011, he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league matches without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of 2011–12 on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 appearances as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on 24 July 2012 on a one-year contract. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One team Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished 2012–13 as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two club York City on 24 May 2013 on a two-year contract. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th-minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd-minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished 2013–14 with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier club Torquay United on 3 July 2014 on a two-year contract. Bowman signed for Torquay's National League rivals Gateshead on 17 July 2015 for an undisclosed fee. Bowman signed for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell on 31 August 2016 on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on 10 September 2016, as Motherwell drew 1–1 away to Ross County. Bowman signed for League Two club Exeter City on 2 January 2019 for an undisclosed nominal fee as a replacement for Jayden Stockley, who was expected to leave the club. On 17 June 2021, Bowman joined League One side Shrewsbury Town on a two-year deal, with the option of a further year. He scored his first goal for the club on 18 September in a 1–1 draw against Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough. On 9 October, during a League One fixture against Ipswich Town at Portman Road, Bowman was substituted after 35 minutes after experiencing palpitations. After being assessed by medical staff from both sides, he was taken to Ipswich Hospital for checks and was later discharged. On 23 October, Bowman scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win at home to Cambridge United.",1
Tafarn-y-Gelyn,"Tafarn-y-Gelyn  2008-08-27T14:12:44Z   Tafarn-y-Gelyn is a small village in the east of Denbighshire, north-east Wales. Situated near Llanferres, at the foot of Moel Famau, just off the A494 road halfway between Ruthin and Mold. Tafarn-y-Gelyn is the start of the old coach road Bwlch Pen Barras across the Clwydian Range, between Moel Famau and Moel Fenlli. ,  Tafarn-y-Gelyn  2009-10-16T19:28:34Z   Tafarn-y-Gelyn is a small village in the east of Denbighshire, Wales. Situated near Llanferres, at the foot of Moel Famau, just off the A494 road halfway between Ruthin and Mold. Tafarn-y-Gelyn is the start of the old coach road Bwlch Pen Barras across the Clwydian Range, between Moel Famau and Moel Fenlli.",0
Astyanax_Douglass,"Astyanax_Douglass  2008-10-06T01:28:36Z   Astyanax Douglass (September 19, 1897 - January 26, 1975) was a Major League Baseball catcher. He played for the Cincinnati Reds in 1921 and 1925. Born in Covington, Texas, he attended Texas Christian University. This biographical article relating to a baseball catcher is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Astyanax_Douglass  2010-11-20T10:34:17Z   Astyanax Douglass (September 19, 1897 — January 26, 1975) was a Major League Baseball catcher. He played for the Cincinnati Reds in 1921 and 1925. Born in Covington, Texas, he attended Texas Christian University. Template:Persondata This biographical article relating to an American baseball catcher born in the 1890s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Wes_Bautovich,"Wes_Bautovich  2010-05-26T06:26:42Z   West Bautovich is a former American football quarterback and strong safety for Texas A&M University-Kingsville and Texas A&M University. He played briefly for the National Football League's New York Jets. Bautovich attended Kennedale High School in Kennedale, Texas and was a letterman in football and baseball. In football, as a senior, he was named as the District's Offensive MVP. Bautovich signed with Texas A&M-Kingsville and was a redshirt during the 1997 season. Bautovich was the Javelina's starting quarterback in 1998 and completed 53-of-118 passes for 754 yards and 8 touchdowns. He also rushed for 366 yards and scored 6 touchdowns on the ground. In 1999, Bautovich enrolled at Texas A&M and joined the team as a walk-on, serving as a scout team quarterback for that season. With the Aggies deep at quarterback but thin at safety, A&M coaches approached Bautovich about moving to the defensive side of the ball during spring practice in 2000. Bautovich made an immediate impact playing in the season-opener at Notre Dame and then made two starts against Wyoming and UTEP in place of injured free safety Michael Jameson. Overall, he played in every game and made three starts in 2000, recording 45 tackles – eighth best on the team – and breaking up seven passes. During the 2000 season, Bautovich was also awarded a scholarship. In 2001 Bautovich also received considerable playing time, including a career-best 18 tackles against Kansas State. In total he tallied 104 tackles, two interceptions and 10 passes defensed in two seasons for the Aggies. Although Bautovich went undrafted, he played in the preseason with the New York Jets, even returning a Carson Palmer interception 78 yards for a touchdown. Bautovich was cut by the Jets who allocated him to the Rhein Fire of NFL Europa, where played linebacker and recorded 15 tackles and a forced fumble. On January 26, 2008, he was drafted in the 12th round by Team Texas in the AAFL draft, but the season was ultimately cancelled. ,  Wes_Bautovich  2011-06-20T22:28:39Z   West Bautovich is a former American football quarterback and strong safety for Texas A&M University-Kingsville and Texas A&M University. He played briefly for the National Football League's New York Jets. Bautovich attended Kennedale High School in Kennedale, Texas and was a letterman in football and baseball. In football, as a senior, he was named as the District's Offensive MVP. Bautovich signed with Texas A&M-Kingsville and was a redshirt during the 1997 season. Bautovich was the Javelina's starting quarterback in 1998 and completed 53-of-118 passes for 754 yards and 8 touchdowns. He also rushed for 366 yards and scored 6 touchdowns on the ground. In 1999, Bautovich enrolled at Texas A&M and joined the team as a walk-on, serving as a scout team quarterback for that season. With the Aggies deep at quarterback but thin at safety, A&M coaches approached Bautovich about moving to the defensive side of the ball during spring practice in 2000. Bautovich made an immediate impact playing in the season-opener at Notre Dame and then made two starts against Wyoming and UTEP in place of injured free safety Michael Jameson. Overall, he played in every game and made three starts in 2000, recording 45 tackles – eighth best on the team – and breaking up seven passes. During the 2000 season, Bautovich was also awarded a scholarship. In 2001 Bautovich also received considerable playing time, including a career-best 18 tackles against Kansas State. In total he tallied 104 tackles, two interceptions and 10 passes defensed in two seasons for the Aggies. Although Bautovich went undrafted, he played in the preseason with the New York Jets, even returning a Carson Palmer interception 78 yards for a touchdown. Bautovich was cut by the Jets who allocated him to the Rhein Fire of NFL Europa, where played linebacker and recorded 15 tackles and a forced fumble. On January 26, 2008, he was drafted in the 12th round by Team Texas in the AAFL draft, but the season was ultimately cancelled. Template:Persondata",0
Takao_Fujinami,"Takao_Fujinami  2010-09-09T12:54:57Z   Template:Japanese name Takao Fujinami (藤波 孝生, Fujinami Takao) (December 3, 1932 – October 28, 2007) was a Japanese politician, former Chief Cabinet Secretary and House of Representatives member. Born in Ise, Mie Prefecture, Fujinami was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1967 as a Liberal Democratic Party member, and was elected to the House of Representatives eleven times. Fujinami first obtained a Cabinet post in 1979 as labor minister under Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira when he was serving his fifth term as a House of Representatives member. When the Nakasone government began in 1982, Fujinami was given the post of deputy chief Cabinet secretary before becoming chief Cabinet secretary in 1983. Fujinami was seen as a prospective prime minister while serving in the post of chief Cabinet secretary from 1983 to 1985, under Prime Minister Nakasone. During his two years as chief Cabinet secretary, he helped promote Nakasone's policies, including his official visit to Yasukuni Shrine and the cancellation of the cap on Japan's defense budget of one percent of the gross national product. He also helped with Nakasone's administrative reforms, including the privatization of telephone operation and tobacco businesses. Fujinami resigned due to his involvement in the Recruit Company shares-for-favor scandal in the late 1980s. After Nakasone left the post of prime minister in 1987 and returned to the head of an LDP faction, Fujinami supported him as secretary general of the faction. In 1989, Fujinami was indicted for accepting more than 40 million yen in money and unlisted shares as bribes from Recruit, a Tokyo-based job information conglomerate. The Tokyo District Court acquitted Fujinami in 1994, but the Tokyo High Court reversed the decision in 1997, sentencing him to three years in prison, suspended for four years. The decision was finalized by the Supreme Court in 1999. Fujinami retired from politics in 2003 citing health reasons. He died at a hospital in Mie Prefecture, according to the LDP. ,  Takao_Fujinami  2011-02-16T16:09:56Z   Template:Japanese name Takao Fujinami (藤波 孝生, Fujinami Takao) (December 3, 1932 – October 28, 2007) was a Japanese politician, former Chief Cabinet Secretary and House of Representatives member. Born in Ise, Mie Prefecture, Fujinami was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1967 as a Liberal Democratic Party member, and was elected to the House of Representatives eleven times. Fujinami first obtained a Cabinet post in 1979 as labor minister under Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira when he was serving his fifth term as a House of Representatives member. When the Nakasone government began in 1982, Fujinami was given the post of deputy chief Cabinet secretary before becoming chief Cabinet secretary in 1983. Fujinami was seen as a prospective prime minister while serving in the post of chief Cabinet secretary from 1983 to 1985, under Prime Minister Nakasone. During his two years as chief Cabinet secretary, he helped promote Nakasone's policies, including his official visit to Yasukuni Shrine and the cancellation of the cap on Japan's defense budget of one percent of the gross national product. He also helped with Nakasone's administrative reforms, including the privatization of telephone operation and tobacco businesses. Fujinami resigned due to his involvement in the Recruit Company shares-for-favor scandal in the late 1980s. After Nakasone left the post of prime minister in 1987 and returned to the head of an LDP faction, Fujinami supported him as secretary general of the faction. In 1989, Fujinami was indicted on charges of accepting more than 40 million yen in money and unlisted shares as bribes from Recruit, a Tokyo-based job information conglomerate. The Tokyo District Court acquitted Fujinami in 1994, but the Tokyo High Court reversed the decision in 1997, sentencing him to three years in prison, suspended for four years. The decision was finalized by the Supreme Court in 1999. Fujinami retired from politics in 2003 citing health reasons. He died at a hospital in Mie Prefecture, according to the LDP. Template:Persondata",0
Diego Costa,"Diego Costa  2016-01-03T16:56:18Z  Diego da Silva Costa (Spanish: , Portuguese: ; born 7 October 1988), is a Brazil-born Spanish professional footballer who plays as a striker for English club Chelsea and the Spain national team. He has been described by pundits as a talented striker whose main attributes are his physicality, goalscoring and ability to keep possession, however he has also been criticised and punished for several confrontations with opponents. He began his career with Braga and Penafiel in Portugal, and was signed by Atlético Madrid in 2007. He was loaned back to Braga, and then to Celta de Vigo and Albacete before being sold to Real Valladolid in 2009. He returned to Atlético the following season and went on to play a key role in their attack, scoring 27 goals as they won the league title in 2014, and then joined Chelsea for £32 million. He scored 21 goals in his first season in England, winning the Premier League and League Cup. Internationally, Costa played twice for Brazil in 2013, but later declared his desire to represent Spain, having been granted Spanish citizenship in September 2013. He made his debut for his adopted nation in March 2014, and represented them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Costa was born in Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil, to parents José de Jesus and Josileide. His father named him in honour of Argentine footballer Diego Maradona despite the rivalry between the two nations, and he has an elder brother named Jair after Brazilian player Jairzinho. Despite regularly playing street football, Costa did not believe as a child that he would turn professional, in part due to the remote location of his hometown. He has since set up a football academy in his hometown, where he pays all the costs. Costa is a fan of Palmeiras. Costa trialled unsuccessfully at his hometown team Atlético Clube Lagartense. At age 15, he left Sergipe and moved to São Paulo, to work in the store of his uncle Jarminho. Although he was never a professional, Jarminho had connections in football and recommended his nephew to Barcelona Esportiva Capela, a team from Ibiúna in the south of the city set up as an alternative to drugs and gangs for youth of the favelas. Before joining this team, he had never been coached in football. He turned professional at the club, earning around £100 per month, and competed in the under-18 Taça de São Paulo despite a four-month ban for slapping an opponent and dissent towards the referee. Although he was sent off in the first game of the tournament, he attracted the attention of renowned Portuguese agent Jorge Mendes, who offered him a contract at Braga. Costa's father was apprehensive of sending his son to Europe, and suggested he instead sign for nearby Associação Desportiva São Caetano, but he was adamant that he would take the opportunity. Jair played on the same team as Diego, and was a slimmer, more technically able player, but had less focus; the two were often not fielded at the same time in order to prevent arguments. He never turned professional, but had a three-month trial at Basque club Salvatierra. Costa signed for his first European club in February 2006, Portugal's Braga. He initially struggled with loneliness and the comparatively cold weather of northern Portugal. Out of action due to the club's lack of a youth team, he was loaned that summer to Penafiel in the second division, managed by former Portugal international Rui Bento, who desired the ""rough diamond."" Through his negotiations with Spain's Atlético Madrid, Mendes arranged Costa's transfer for €1.5 million and 50% of the player's rights in December 2006, but he remained on loan at Braga until the end of the season. Atlético defeated interest from Porto and Recreativo de Huelva for Costa's signature, with director Jesús García Pitarch admitting that it was a risk to pay so much for an inexperienced player. After five goals in 13 games for Penafiel, he was recalled to Braga in January 2007. On 23 February, he came on in the 71st minute for Zé Carlos and scored his first goal for the team, a last-minute goal for a 1–0 win at Parma to advance 2–0 on aggregate to the Last 16 of the UEFA Cup. His season ended after seven games due to a metatarsal injury which ruled him out for six months. Costa was presented by Atlético President Enrique Cerezo on 10 July 2007 as ""the new Kaká."" While scout Javier Hernández wished for him to return to fitness in the club's reserves, García Pitarch instead suggested loaning Costa out immediately. He made his debut on 11 August in the Ciudad de Vigo tournament against Celta de Vigo, replacing Simão at half-time in a penalty shootout victory. Later that month, Costa and Mario Suárez were loaned to Segunda División Celta for the season, and he became a regular in the team, managed by former Ballon d'Or winner Hristo Stoichkov. In his seventh league match, he scored his first goal in Spanish football in a dominant home victory over Xerez; after scoring, he showboated, causing a brawl which resulted in him being sent off. Costa was subsequently rested from Celta's away game at the same opposition. The event drew the wrath of Stoichkov, who unexpectedly left his position. Towards the middle of the season, he was involved in two further controversies: he struck Málaga defender Weligton in the head, causing an injury which required medical stitches, and was sent off against Sevilla Atlético for diving and dissent, leaving his team to fight for a draw without him. The loyal strike partner of Quincy Owusu-Abeyie despite the pair not sharing a common language, he was dropped for Cypriot Ioannis Okkas. On 23 March 2008, Costa scored both Celta goals in a 2–1 win at Numancia, the latter after a long dribble; but later on in the campaign, he was sent off against Tenerife at Balaídos, after which Celta went from winning 2–0 to drawing 2–2. The team barely avoided relegation, and Costa earned a reputation for being a disruptive influence. Despite earning a poor reputation for his conduct, Costa attracted interest from Salamanca, Gimnàstic de Tarragona and Málaga after his loan at Celta; García Pitarch ruled out any approach from the latter, fearing how Costa would behave on the Costa del Sol. After attending Atlético's pre-season tour of Mexico, he signed on loan for Albacete, also of Segunda División, on 22 August 2008, signing a contract which would have a lower fee depending on how many games he played. He initially threatened to terminate his deal with the Castile-La Mancha team, on account of the quality of his teammates and the city's lack of a beach. Nine days after signing, he scored a late winner in a 2–1 victory over Sevilla's reserves at the Estadio Carlos Belmonte. The Queso Mecánico suffered with financial problems during Costa's loan, with him threatening to strike unless their non-playing staff were paid in full. He was dropped to the bench by manager Juan Ignacio Martínez for the home game against Real Sociedad on 13 December as punishment for an argument with goalkeeper Jonathan, but came on as a substitute to score another late winner. Costa was known for misbehaviour on and off the pitch while at Albacete. He was sent off away to Tenerife, after which he slandered the referee's mother and confronted his opponents. He pulled practical jokes on his teammates and employers, earning him the moniker ""that fucking Brazilian"". However, he was a central figure as they avoided relegation, assisting twice in a 3–0 win at high-flying Rayo Vallecano on 2 May 2009, despite missing a penalty. In the summer of 2009, Costa was desired by FC Barcelona for their reserve team, an approach which Atlético rejected, citing that he remained in their plans. However, frustrated by his lack of opportunities, a now overweight Costa argued with his management and attempted to negotiate a move to Brazil's Esporte Clube Vitória. On 8 July 2009 Costa was sold to Real Valladolid as part of the deal that sent goalkeeper Sergio Asenjo in the opposite direction, with the transfer including a €1 million buy-back option that could be activated by Atlético at the end of the season. García Pitarch confessed that there was a verbal agreement that Costa would definitely return at the end of the campaign, and that the deal had been made to look permanent in order to give Costa more commitment to his new club. Initially, Costa had competition up front from fellow new signings Alberto Bueno and Manucho, signed from Real Madrid and Manchester United respectively; he eventually forged a friendship with the latter, a fellow lusophone. He started strong for the Castile and León side, scoring six times in his first 12 games, but only found the net once in the following 5½ months as the campaign eventually ended in relegation from La Liga. He was sent off in a goalless draw against RCD Espanyol on 24 March 2010 for a stamp on Dídac Vilà in the first half. In June 2010, Costa returned to the Colchoneros, initially as a backup to Sergio Agüero and Diego Forlán – Atlético also paid an undisclosed sum to Braga to buy all the residual 30% economic rights (the former also had to pay an exceed of €833,000 in agent's fees to Gestifute). He was an unused substitute as Atlético won the 2010 UEFA Super Cup on 27 August. On 26 September, with the injured Agüero on the substitutes bench, Costa scored the game's only goal at home against Real Zaragoza. On 3 April of the following year, already as a starter after manager Quique Flores demoted Forlán from his position, he netted all of his team's goals in a 3–2 win at Osasuna. In July 2011, during Atlético's pre-season, Costa suffered a serious knee injury, going on to miss the majority of the season. The injury prevented him from passing a medical at Turkish club Beşiktaş J.K., having already agreed to transfer to them. On 23 January 2012, Costa was loaned to fellow league club Rayo Vallecano until June; he scored four goals in his first three appearances, including two in a 5–3 away win against Levante, eventually finishing his loan spell with ten goals from 16 games. For the second time in his career, Costa was an unused substitute as Atlético won the UEFA Super Cup on 1 September 2012. In December 2012, Costa was involved in several on-field altercations in two separate matches. The first was in a 0–2 local derby loss against Real Madrid where he avoided disciplinary action after spitting incidents between him and Sergio Ramos. He was sent off in the following game at Viktoria Plzeň in the Europa League for headbutting opponent David Limberský, and was handed a four-match ban by UEFA. This, however, did not deter coach Diego Simeone from continuing to start him, and he responded by netting three goals in two home contests, against Deportivo de La Coruña in the league (6–0) and Getafe in the season's Copa del Rey (3–0). After the Spanish Cup semi-finals against Sevilla, Costa took his goal tally in the competition to seven in as many matches, having scored three times in the tie: in the first leg he netted two penalties in a 2–1 win and, in the second at the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, scored one after an individual effort and assisted Radamel Falcao in the other, also being involved in situations which resulted in two opposing players – Gary Medel and Geoffrey Kondogbia – being sent off in the 2–2 draw. Costa scored Atlético's equalising goal in the Copa del Rey Final clash against city-rivals Real Madrid on 17 May 2013, contributing to the 2–1 triumph – the first in 25 games in a streak stretching back to 1999 – and the tenth win in the tournament, confirmed by Miranda's extra-time header. He and opponent Cristiano Ronaldo had gone into the match as joint top scorers in the tournament, and thus Costa's eighth goal made him the top scorer. In August 2013, Costa was heavily linked with a move to Liverpool, who allegedly matched his release clause of €25 million and offered him three times his salary at Atlético. However, he chose to stay at the club and renewed his contract until 2018, while also doubling his wages; a few days after this in the first match of the new season on 19 August, he scored a brace in a 3–1 win at Sevilla. On 24 September Costa netted both goals in a 2–1 home triumph over Osasuna, to help his team stay level on points with league leaders Barcelona through six games. Four days later, in the Madrid derby, he scored the only goal of the game to record a second win over Real at the Santiago Bernabéu in under five months. For his performances, he was crowned the inaugural La Liga Player of the Month for September 2013. By his 25th birthday on 7 October, he had scored ten goals in eight league matches, equalling his tally from the previous season. All of those matches were won by Atlético, setting a new record for the best start to a season. On 23 November 2013, Costa scored an overhead volley from a cross by Gabi in a win over Getafe; the goal was nominated for the FIFA Puskás Award. On 22 October 2013 Costa marked his UEFA Champions League début with two goals against FK Austria Wien, the first coming after a fine individual effort in an eventual 3–0 group stage away win. On 19 February of the following year, in the first knockout round's first leg, he scored the game's only goal at Milan, netting seven minutes from time after a corner kick from Gabi; he added a further two in the second match, helping to a 4–1 victory that put Atlético into the quarter-finals for the first time in 17 years. On 30 April 2014, Costa won and converted a penalty in the second leg of the Champions League semi-final against Chelsea, as Atlético won 3–1 at Stamford Bridge and advanced to the final of the competition for the first time since 1974. He finished the league season with 27 league goals to become the third highest scorer, and the team won the title for the first time since 1996, but he was substituted after 16 minutes of the last match of the season against Barcelona due to a hamstring injury. Atlético sought to cure this injury before the upcoming Champions League final against Real Madrid by sending him to Belgrade for treatment with a horse placenta, and he was included in the starting line-up for the decisive match. However, he left the pitch after eight minutes in an eventual 1–4 loss; manager Diego Simeone later admitted a personal mistake in selecting the player to start the final despite his recent injury. Costa scored 8 goals during the Champions League campaign, equalling the record held by Vavá since 1959 for most in a season by an Atlético player, and in his entire career was in the top 10 Atlético players by goal average. At the season's LFP Awards, he was nominated for the league's Best Forward, losing out to Cristiano Ronaldo. Having completed his medical in June, Chelsea announced on 1 July 2014 that they had agreed to meet the £32 million buy-out clause in Costa's contract. On 15 July, Chelsea confirmed the completion of the signing of Costa, who signed a five-year contract on a salary of £150,000 a week. Costa said: ""I am very happy to sign for Chelsea. Everybody knows it is a big club in a very competitive league, and I am very excited to get started in England with a fantastic coach and team-mates. Having played against Chelsea last season I know the high quality of the squad I am joining"". Following the departure of former Chelsea striker Demba Ba, Costa inherited his number 19 shirt, the same number he wore at the 2014 World Cup for Spain and previously at Atlético. Costa scored on his Chelsea debut on 27 July, running onto a through ball from Cesc Fàbregas in a 2–1 friendly win against Slovene club Olimpija. Costa then scored his second goal of pre-season in a 2–0 friendly win against Fenerbahçe on 8 August, described by the Daily Mail as a ""wondergoal."" He ended his pre-season with two goals in his first match at Stamford Bridge, a 2–0 friendly win against Real Sociedad, on 12 August. His first competitive match was Chelsea's first game of the league season, away to Burnley on 18 August, scoring the team's equaliser in a 3–1 victory. Costa also scored in his second league game, opening a 2–0 home win over Leicester City. He scored in his third consecutive match on 30 August, netting the first and last goals of a 6–3 win at Everton, the first goal coming after 35 seconds. Costa was given the Premier League Player of the Month award for August 2014. He completed his first Premier League hat-trick in his fourth game of the season against Swansea City as Chelsea continued their perfect start to the season with a 4–2 win. With seven, Costa holds the record for most goals in his first four Premier League matches, surpassing the tally of six by both Sergio Agüero and Micky Quinn. In spite of his form at the start of the season, Costa had been suffering from a recurring hamstring problem which limited his participation in training; manager José Mourinho said that it would not heal until mid-November. Costa scored his tenth goal of the league season to give Chelsea a 2–1 win away to Liverpool on 8 November, preserving their unbeaten start to the campaign. On 17 January 2015, he scored twice in the first half as Chelsea won 5–0 away at Swansea. Later that month, Costa was charged by the FA in relation to a stamp on Emre Can during Chelsea's win over Liverpool in the League Cup semi-finals, and was given a three-match ban. Costa won his first trophy for Chelsea on 1 March, as they defeated Tottenham Hotspur 2–0 to win the League Cup Final at Wembley Stadium. In the 56th minute, his shot was deflected in by Kyle Walker for the second goal of the game. Initially the goal was given as a Walker own goal, but Costa was later awarded the goal. On 26 April, Costa was chosen of one of two forwards for the season's PFA Team of the Year, alongside Tottenham's Harry Kane. Five of Costa's Chelsea teammates were also in the selection. Due to injury, he missed was due to miss the remainder of the season, in which Chelsea won the league title with a 1–0 home win over Crystal Palace on 3 May. However, he featured in their last match of the season on the 24th, replacing the injured Didier Drogba after half an hour against Sunderland. Seven minutes later, he scored his 20th goal of the league campaign, an equalising penalty in an eventual 3–1 home win. With reports speculating that Costa wanting to leave Chelsea, Costa affirmed on 2 June 2015 after Chelsea's post-season tour that he had no desire to leave London, saying, ""It's always a bit more difficult in the first season for adaptation, but I have no reason to leave this place, I love it, the fans love me, and I want to stay. It’s really good to come in the first season and win two things . Next year I’ll be ready to come back and, hopefully, win a couple more trophies."" Due to injury, Costa missed the 2015 FA Community Shield, which Chelsea lost 1–0 to rivals Arsenal. On 23 August, he scored his first goal of the campaign in a 2–3 win at West Bromwich Albion, which was Chelsea's first victory of the campaign, set up by international teammate Pedro. He scored his first Champions League goal for the team on 16 September, a volley from a Cesc Fàbregas ball in a 4–0 win over Maccabi Tel Aviv. Three days later, Costa was involved in controversy in a 2–0 home win over Arsenal; he repeatedly slapped Laurent Koscielny and then confronted Gabriel, who kicked him and was sent off. His conduct was deemed ""disgusting"" by visiting manager Arsène Wenger, and teammate Kurt Zouma initially reacted by saying ""Diego likes to cheat a lot,"" but later clarified that he meant that ""Diego is a player who puts pressure on his opponents."" As a consequence, on 21 September, he was charged with violent conduct by The Football Association (FA), and the following day he was given a three-match suspension. After this incident, the Daily Express wrote that Costa was ""named as Premier League's dirtiest player."" Costa returned from the ban on 17 October, when he scored and forced an Alan Hutton own goal in a 2–0 home win over Aston Villa. After a 1–0 defeat at Stoke City on 7 November, a Britannia Stadium steward made an allegation of assault against Costa, which was resolved without further action. Also that month, Costa was again involved in a skirmish with Liverpool's Martin Škrtel, where he appeared to dig his boot into the Slovak defender's chest. , but escaped punishment by the FA. On 29 November, Costa was an unused substitute in a match against Tottenham and threw his bib on the floor when Ruben Loftus-Cheek was sent on at his expense. Mourinho told the media that ""For me his behaviour is normal. A top player on the bench will not be happy"". Costa, Oscar and Fàbregas were targeted by Chelsea supporters as the players whose poor form led to the dismissal of popular manager Mourinho in December 2015. He scored twice in the first game under interim replacement Guus Hiddink, a 2–2 home draw against Watford. Costa assisted the opening goal and scored himself in 3-0 away victory over Crystal palace on 1st January,2016 On 5 March 2013, Costa was called up by Brazilian national team coach Luiz Felipe Scolari for friendlies with Italy in Geneva and Russia in London, both taking place late in that month. He made his debut in the first match on 21 March, replacing Fred midway through the second half of the 2–2 draw. Four days later at Stamford Bridge, he replaced Kaká for the last 12 minutes of a 1–1 draw with Russia. In September 2013, the Royal Spanish Football Federation made an official request to FIFA for permission to call up Costa for the Spanish national team. He had been granted Spanish nationality in July, and FIFA regulations permit players with more than one nationality to represent a second country if like Costa, he had only represented his first country in friendly matches. On 29 October 2013, Costa declared that he wished to play international football for Spain, sending a letter to the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF). Following the news, Scolari commented, ""A Brazilian player who refuses to wear the shirt of the Brazilian national team and compete in a World Cup in your country is automatically withdrawn. He is turning his back on a dream of millions, to represent our national team, the five-time champions in a World Cup in Brazil."" The CBF judicial director, Carlos Eugênio Lopes, said: On 28 February 2014, Spain manager Vicente del Bosque included Costa in the squad for a friendly against Italy, but he was an unused substitute. He finally made his début on 5 March, playing the full 90 minutes at his club ground the Vicente Calderón Stadium as the hosts won 1–0. Costa was named in Spain's 30-man provisional squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, as well as the final list which was named on 31 May. He returned from the injury which had ended his club season by starting in a warm-up game against El Salvador, winning a penalty in a 2–0 victory. In the first match of the tournament, against the Netherlands, he again won a penalty, conceded by Stefan de Vrij and converted by Xabi Alonso for a 1–0 lead but in an eventual 1–5 defeat; he was booed by Brazilian fans during the match, to which he reacted by saying ""I have confirmed that Spain is my country and the Spanish people are behind me, the criticism of my decision does not affect me"". Costa then started in a 0–2 loss to Chile making little impact as he was substituted for Fernando Torres for the second consecutive match, and Spain were eliminated. He was an unused substitute in the team's third match, a 3–0 defeat of Australia. Costa scored his first goal for Spain with the third in a 4–0 UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying win away to Luxembourg on 12 October 2014. He did not feature again for Spain until 5 September 2015, when he was fouled by Slovakia goalkeeper Matúš Kozáčik for a penalty, which Andrés Iniesta converted for a 2–0 qualifying win at the Estadio Carlos Tartiere in Oviedo. He was booed when he was substituted for Paco Alcácer later in the match. Del Bosque defended Costa from criticism, saying that he performed well against the Slovak defence. Friends and family recalled how Costa's style of play changed little over time, with his father stating how as a child, Costa would be furious whenever his team lost. Atlético scout Javier Hernández, on watching 17-year-old Costa play for Penafiel, was impressed by the young forward's determination and power, although found it evident that he was not observing a healthy lifestyle. Costa's Penafiel manager Rui Bento, who was at Sporting CP when Cristiano Ronaldo broke into the team, rated Costa in the same calibre as the Portuguese winger. According to Atlético Director Jesús García Pitarch, Costa ranks as one of the best signings of his career, alongside Mohamed Sissoko, Miranda and Ricardo Oliveira. While on loan at Celta, Costa drew comparisons to their former Egyptian striker Mido, who was also known for his temper. During his spell at Albacete, Costa was nicknamed after bullfighter Curro Romero and the Tasmanian devil. His manager Juan Ignacio Martínez conceded that Costa played as a model professional for 89 minutes per match, with only one minute per match being his downfall. Costa refers to José Luis Mendilibar as his greatest manager because of his fatherlike ""tough love,"" respecting his talents while keeping strict discipline, once sending Costa to work on a vineyard as a punishment. Earlier in his Atlético Madrid career, Costa's physical play was used in support of Radamel Falcao, thus ensuring a lower goalscoring rate. After Falcao was sold in 2013, the attack was restructured around Costa by manager Diego Simeone. Simeone, who like Costa was known for his competitiveness and aggression, found ways to enhance his discipline while retaining his determination. Ahead of his competitive debut for Chelsea in August 2014, BBC Sport pundit Robbie Savage described Costa as ""the missing piece in the jigsaw"" for the ""clear favourites"" who ""could end up winning the title by five or six points."" He explained that Chelsea's defence was already the strongest in the league, but a poorer rate of shot-to-goal conversion had cost them the title. He praised Costa's stature and physical style of play which ""suits the Premier League down to the ground"" in the same role that Didier Drogba previously played at Chelsea, an opinion also voiced by the league's top scorer of all time, Alan Shearer. Costa has also been attributed with a greater ability to keep possession of the ball than any Chelsea striker since Drogba first left the club in 2012. In late 2015, Costa was the subject of scrutiny for his comparatively poor start to his second season at Chelsea and his low scoring rate for Spain. Daily Mail writer Adam Shergold credited this to consistent injuries and transfer speculation, concluding that, ""The whole perception of the 26-year-old has switched in a matter of months from appreciation at his deadly abilities in front of goal to derision at the fighting, profligacy and now diving that has crept into his game."" French newspaper L'Equipe named Costa as the most hated footballer in December 2015, based on his provocative and violent behaviour. Costa has been the source of much controversy in his career due to confrontations with opponents, and has received multiple violent conduct charges from the English Football Association. Opposing managers have also opined that Costa himself intends to provoke his opponents. Danny Murphy of Match of the Day has stated that Costa is targeted by players who ""wind him up,"" but he ""remains calm,"" and is justified to taunt opponents who taunt him. Pat Nevin, a former Chelsea winger, believes that Costa's style of play is likely to cause himself ""a few injuries."" In August 2014, he was criticised by Everton manager Roberto Martínez for taunting Everton's Séamus Coleman following his own goal, and stated Costa needed ""to understand the ethics"" of the Premier League. In October 2014, he clashed with Slovakia's Martin Škrtel in a Euro 2016 qualifier. In January 2015, following two stamp incidents involving Costa and Liverpool players for which Costa received a three-match ban by the FA, Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers stated that he thought Costa had fouled his players when ""he could easily have hurdled over the player"" and ""there’s no need to do it."" Costa described his style of play as ""strong but noble"", and refuted allegations that he deliberately aims to injure opponents. Scores and results show Spain's goal tally first,  Diego Costa  2017-12-31T19:22:37Z  Diego da Silva Costa (Spanish: , Portuguese: ; born 7 October 1988), is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish club Atletico Madrid and the Spanish national team. He has been described by pundits as a talented striker whose main attributes are his physicality, goalscoring and ability to keep possession. Costa has been criticised and punished for several confrontations with opponents. He began his career with Braga and Penafiel in Portugal, and was signed by Atlético Madrid in 2007. He was loaned back to Braga, and then to Celta de Vigo and Albacete before being sold to Real Valladolid in 2009. He returned to Atlético the following season and went on to play a key role in their attack, scoring 27 goals as they won the league title in 2014, and then joined Chelsea for £32 million. He scored 21 goals in his first season in England, winning the Premier League and League Cup, and helped Chelsea win another league title in 2017. On 31 December 2017, Atletico Madrid officially announced his transfer from English club Chelsea after their transfer ban ended. Internationally, Costa played twice for his native Brazil in 2013, but later declared his desire to represent Spain, having been granted Spanish citizenship in September 2013. He made his debut for his adopted nation in March 2014, and represented them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Costa was born in Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil, to parents José de Jesus and Josileide. His father named him in honour of Argentine footballer Diego Maradona despite the rivalry between the two nations, and he has an elder brother named Jair after Brazilian player Jairzinho. Despite regularly playing street football, Costa did not believe as a child that he would turn professional, in part due to the remote location of his hometown. He has since set up a football academy in his hometown, where he pays all the costs. Costa is a fan of Palmeiras. Costa trialled unsuccessfully at his hometown team Atlético Clube Lagartense. At age 15, he left Sergipe and moved to São Paulo, to work in the store of his uncle Jarminho. Although he was never a professional, Jarminho had connections in football and recommended his nephew to Barcelona Esportiva Capela, a team from Ibiúna in the south of the city set up as an alternative to drugs and gangs for youth of the favelas. Before joining this team, he had never been coached in football. He turned professional at the club, earning around £100 per month, and competed in the under-18 Taça de São Paulo despite a four-month ban for slapping an opponent and dissent towards the referee. Although he was sent off in the first game of the tournament, he attracted the attention of renowned Portuguese agent Jorge Mendes, who offered him a contract at Braga. Costa's father was apprehensive of sending his son to Europe, and suggested he instead sign for nearby Associação Desportiva São Caetano, but he was adamant that he would take the opportunity. Jair played on the same team as Diego, and was a slimmer, more technically able player, but had less focus; the two were often not fielded at the same time in order to prevent arguments. He never turned professional, but had a three-month trial at Basque club Salvatierra. Costa signed for his first European club in February 2006, Portugal's Braga. He initially struggled with loneliness and the comparatively cold weather of northern Portugal. Out of action due to the club's lack of a youth team, he was loaned that summer to Penafiel in the second division, managed by former Portugal international Rui Bento, who desired the ""rough diamond"". Through his negotiations with Spain's Atlético Madrid, Mendes arranged Costa's transfer for €1.5 million and 50% of the player's rights in December 2006, but he remained on loan at Braga until the end of the season. Atlético defeated interest from Porto and Recreativo de Huelva for Costa's signature, with director Jesús García Pitarch admitting that it was a risk to pay so much for an inexperienced player. After 5 goals in 13 games for Penafiel, he was recalled to Braga in January 2007. On 23 February, he came on in the 71st minute for Zé Carlos and scored his first goal for the team, a last-minute goal for a 1–0 win at Parma to advance 2–0 on aggregate to the Last 16 of the UEFA Cup. His season ended after seven games due to a metatarsal injury which ruled him out for six months. Costa was presented by Atlético Madrid president Enrique Cerezo on 10 July 2007 as ""the new Kaká"". While scout Javier Hernández wished for him to return to fitness in the club's reserves, García Pitarch instead suggested loaning Costa out immediately. He made his debut on 11 August in the Ciudad de Vigo tournament against Celta de Vigo, replacing Simão at half-time in a penalty shootout victory. Later that month, Costa and Mario Suárez were loaned to Segunda División side Celta de Vigo for the season, and Costa became a regular in the team, managed by former Ballon d'Or winner Hristo Stoichkov. In his seventh league match, he scored his first goal in Spanish football in a dominant home victory over Xerez; after scoring, he showboated, causing a brawl which resulted in him being sent off. Costa was subsequently rested from Celta's away game at the same opposition. The event drew the wrath of Stoichkov, who unexpectedly left his position. Towards the middle of the season, he was involved in two further controversies: he struck Málaga defender Weligton in the head, causing an injury which required medical stitches, and was sent off against Sevilla Atlético for diving and dissent, leaving his team to fight for a draw without him. The loyal strike partner of Quincy Owusu-Abeyie despite the pair not sharing a common language, he was dropped for Cypriot Ioannis Okkas. On 23 March 2008, Costa scored both Celta goals in a 2–1 win at Numancia, the latter after a long dribble; but later on in the campaign, he was sent off against Tenerife at Balaídos, after which Celta went from winning 2–0 to drawing 2–2. The team barely avoided relegation, and Costa earned a reputation for being a disruptive influence. Despite earning a poor reputation for his conduct, Costa attracted interest from Salamanca, Gimnàstic de Tarragona and Málaga after his loan at Celta; García Pitarch ruled out any approach from the latter, fearing how Costa would behave on the Costa del Sol. After attending Atlético's pre-season tour of Mexico, he signed on loan for Albacete, also of Segunda División, on 22 August 2008, signing a contract which would have a lower fee depending on how many games he played. He initially threatened to terminate his deal with the Castile-La Mancha team, on account of the quality of his teammates and the city's lack of a beach. Nine days after signing, he scored a late winner in a 2–1 victory over Sevilla's reserves at the Estadio Carlos Belmonte. The Queso Mecánico suffered with financial problems during Costa's loan, with him threatening to strike unless their non-playing staff were paid in full. He was dropped to the bench by manager Juan Ignacio Martínez for the home game against Real Sociedad on 13 December as punishment for an argument with goalkeeper Jonathan, but came on as a substitute to score another late winner. Costa was known for misbehaviour on and off the pitch while at Albacete. He was sent off away to Tenerife, after which he slandered the referee's mother and confronted his opponents. He pulled practical jokes on his teammates and employers, earning him the moniker ""that fucking Brazilian"". However, he was a central figure as they avoided relegation, assisting twice in a 3–0 win at high-flying Rayo Vallecano on 2 May 2009, despite missing a penalty. In the summer of 2009, Costa was desired by Barcelona for their reserve team, an approach which Atlético rejected, citing that he remained in their plans. Frustrated by his lack of opportunities, however, a now overweight Costa argued with his management and attempted to negotiate a move to Brazil's Esporte Clube Vitória. On 8 July 2009, Costa was sold to Real Valladolid as part of the deal that sent goalkeeper Sergio Asenjo in the opposite direction, with the transfer including a €1 million buy-back option that could be activated by Atlético at the end of the season. García Pitarch confessed that there was a verbal agreement that Costa would definitely return at the end of the campaign, and that the deal had been made to look permanent in order to give Costa more commitment to his new club. Initially, Costa had competition up front from fellow new signings Alberto Bueno and Manucho, signed from Real Madrid and Manchester United respectively; he eventually forged a friendship with the latter, a fellow lusophone, from Angola. He started strong for the Castile and León side, scoring 6 times in his first 12 games, but only found the net once in the following five-and-a-half months as the campaign eventually ended in relegation from La Liga. He was sent off in a goalless draw against Espanyol on 24 March 2010 for a stamp on Dídac Vilà in the first half. In June 2010, Costa returned to the Colchoneros, initially as a backup to Sergio Agüero and Diego Forlán – Atlético also paid an undisclosed sum to Braga to buy all the residual 30% economic rights (the former also had to pay in excess of €833,000 in agent's fees to Gestifute). He was an unused substitute as Atlético won the 2010 UEFA Super Cup on 27 August. On 26 September, with the injured Agüero on the substitutes bench, Costa scored the game's only goal at home against Real Zaragoza. On 3 April of the following year, already as a starter after manager Quique Sánchez Flores demoted Forlán from his position, Costa netted all of his team's goals in a 3–2 win at Osasuna. In July 2011, during Atlético's pre-season, Costa suffered a serious knee injury, going on to miss the majority of the season. The injury prevented him from passing a medical at Turkish club Beşiktaş, having already agreed to transfer to them. On 23 January 2012, Costa was loaned to fellow league club Rayo Vallecano until June; he scored four goals in his first three appearances, including two in a 5–3 away win against Levante, eventually finishing his loan spell with 10 goals from 16 games. For the second time in his career, Costa was an unused substitute as Atlético won the UEFA Super Cup on 1 September 2012. That December, Costa was involved in several on-field altercations in two separate matches. The first was in a 0–2 local derby loss against Real Madrid where he avoided disciplinary action after spitting incidents between him and Sergio Ramos. He was sent off in the following game at Viktoria Plzeň in the UEFA Europa League for headbutting opponent David Limberský, and was handed a four-match ban by UEFA. This, however, did not deter coach Diego Simeone from continuing to start him, and he responded by netting three goals in two home contests, against Deportivo de La Coruña in the league (6–0) and Getafe in the season's Copa del Rey (3–0). After the Copa del Rey semi-finals against Sevilla, Costa took his goal tally in the competition to seven in as many matches, having scored three times in the tie: in the first leg he netted two penalties in a 2–1 win and, in the second at the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, scored one after an individual effort and assisted Radamel Falcao in the other, also being involved in situations which resulted in two opposing players – Gary Medel and Geoffrey Kondogbia – being sent off in the 2–2 draw. Costa scored Atlético's equalising goal in the Copa del Rey final clash against city-rivals Real Madrid on 17 May 2013, contributing to the 2–1 triumph – the first in 25 games in a streak stretching back to 1999 – and the tenth win in the tournament, confirmed by Miranda's extra-time header. He and opponent Cristiano Ronaldo had gone into the match as joint top scorers in the tournament, and thus Costa's eighth goal made him the top scorer. In August 2013, Costa was heavily linked with a move to Liverpool, who allegedly matched his release clause of €25 million and offered him three times his salary at Atlético. Costa, however, chose to stay at the club and renewed his contract until 2018, while also doubling his wages; a few days after this, in the first match of the new season on 19 August, he scored a brace in a 3–1 win at Sevilla. On 24 September, Costa netted both goals in a 2–1 home triumph over Osasuna to help his team stay level on points with league leaders Barcelona through six games. Four days later, in the Madrid derby, he scored the only goal of the game to record a second win over Real at the Santiago Bernabéu in under five months. For his performances, he was crowned the inaugural La Liga Player of the Month for September 2013. By his 25th birthday on 7 October, he had scored ten goals in eight league matches, equalling his tally from the previous season. All of those matches were won by Atlético, setting a new record for the best start to a season. On 23 November 2013, Costa scored an overhead volley from a cross by Gabi in a win over Getafe; the goal was nominated for the FIFA Puskás Award. On 22 October 2013, Costa marked his UEFA Champions League debut with two goals against Austria Wien, the first coming after a fine individual effort in an eventual 3–0 group stage away win. On 19 February 2014, in the first knockout round's first leg, he scored the game's only goal at Milan, netting seven minutes from time after a corner kick from Gabi; he added a further two in the second match, helping to a 4–1 victory that put Atlético into the quarter-finals for the first time in 17 years. On 30 April 2014, Costa won and converted a penalty in the second leg of the Champions League semi-final against Chelsea, as Atlético won 3–1 at Stamford Bridge and advanced to the final of the competition for the first time since 1974. He finished the league season with 27 league goals to become the third highest scorer, and the team won the title for the first time since 1996, but he was substituted after 16 minutes of the last match of the season against Barcelona due to a hamstring injury. Atlético sought to cure this injury before the upcoming Champions League final against Real Madrid by sending him to Belgrade for treatment with a horse placenta, and he was included in the starting line-up for the decisive match. However, he left the pitch after eight minutes in an eventual 1–4 loss; manager Diego Simeone later admitted a personal mistake in selecting the player to start the final despite his recent injury. Costa scored eight goals during the Champions League campaign, equalling the record held by Vavá since 1959 for most in a season by an Atlético player, and in his entire career was in the top ten Atlético players by goal average. At the season's LFP Awards, he was nominated for the league's Best Forward, losing out to Cristiano Ronaldo. Having completed his medical in June, Chelsea announced on 1 July 2014 that they had agreed to meet the £32 million buy-out clause in Costa's contract. On 15 July, Chelsea confirmed the completion of the signing of Costa, who signed a five-year contract on a salary of £150,000 a week. On signing, Costa said, ""I am very happy to sign for Chelsea. Everybody knows it is a big club in a very competitive league, and I am very excited to get started in England with a fantastic coach and team-mates. Having played against Chelsea last season I know the high quality of the squad I am joining"". Following the departure of former Chelsea striker Demba Ba, Costa inherited his number 19 shirt, the same number he wore at the 2014 World Cup for Spain and previously at Atlético. Costa scored on his Chelsea debut on 27 July, running onto a through ball from Cesc Fàbregas in a 2–1 friendly win against Slovene club Olimpija. His first competitive match was Chelsea's first game of the league season, away to Burnley on 18 August, scoring the team's equaliser in a 3–1 victory. He scored in his third consecutive match on 30 August, netting the first and last goals of a 6–3 win at Everton, the first goal coming after 35 seconds. Costa was given the Premier League Player of the Month award for August 2014. He completed his first Premier League hat-trick in his fourth game of the season against Swansea City as Chelsea continued their perfect start to the season with a 4–2 win. With seven, Costa holds the record for most goals in his first four Premier League matches, surpassing the tally of six by both Sergio Agüero and Micky Quinn. In spite of his form at the start of the season, Costa had been suffering from a recurring hamstring problem which limited his participation in training; manager José Mourinho said that it would not heal until mid-November. Costa scored his tenth goal of the league season to give Chelsea a 2–1 win away to Liverpool on 8 November, preserving their unbeaten start to the campaign. In January, Costa was charged by the FA in relation to a stamp on Emre Can during Chelsea's win over Liverpool in the League Cup semi-finals, and was given a three-match ban. Costa won his first trophy for Chelsea on 1 March, as they defeated Tottenham Hotspur 2–0 to win the League Cup at Wembley Stadium; he scored the second goal of the game. On 26 April, Costa was chosen of one of two forwards for the season's PFA Team of the Year, alongside Tottenham's Harry Kane. Five of Costa's Chelsea teammates were also in the selection. Due to injury, he was due to miss the remainder of the season, in which Chelsea won the league title with a 1–0 home win over Crystal Palace on 3 May. However, he featured in their last match of the season on the 24th, replacing the injured Didier Drogba after half an hour against Sunderland. Seven minutes later, he scored his 20th goal of the league campaign, an equalising penalty in an eventual 3–1 home win. With reports speculating that Costa wanting to leave Chelsea, Costa affirmed on 2 June 2015 after Chelsea's post-season tour that he had no desire to leave London, saying, ""It's always a bit more difficult in the first season for adaptation, but I have no reason to leave this place, I love it, the fans love me, and I want to stay. It’s really good to come in the first season and win two things . Next year I’ll be ready to come back and, hopefully, win a couple more trophies."" Due to injury, Costa missed the 2015 FA Community Shield, which Chelsea lost 1–0 to rivals Arsenal. On 23 August, he scored his first goal of the campaign in a 2–3 win at West Bromwich Albion, which was Chelsea's first victory of the campaign, set up by international teammate Pedro. He scored his first Champions League goal for the team on 16 September, a volley from a Cesc Fàbregas ball in a 4–0 win over Maccabi Tel Aviv. Three days later, Costa was involved in controversy in a 2–0 home win over Arsenal; he repeatedly slapped Laurent Koscielny and chest-bumped him to the ground, and then confronted Gabriel, who allegedly tried to kick him and was sent off, though footage from ESPN Brazil later showed that little to no contact actually took place. He escaped any punishment at the time. His conduct was deemed ""disgusting"" by visiting manager Arsène Wenger, and teammate Kurt Zouma initially reacted by saying, ""Diego likes to cheat a lot,"" but later clarified that he meant that ""Diego is a player who puts pressure on his opponents"". As a consequence, on 21 September, he was charged with violent conduct by the FA. and the following day he was given a three-match suspension. Gabriel's red card was also rescinded, although he was given a one-match ban and £10,000 fine for improper conduct after failing to leave the pitch immediately. After this incident, the Daily Express wrote that Costa was ""named as Premier League's dirtiest player"". After a 1–0 defeat at Stoke City on 7 November, a Britannia Stadium steward made an allegation of assault against Costa, which was resolved without further action. Also that month, Costa was again involved in a skirmish with Liverpool's Martin Škrtel, where he appeared to dig his boot into the Slovak defender's chest, but escaped punishment by the FA. On 29 November, Costa was an unused substitute in a match against Tottenham and threw his bib on the floor when Ruben Loftus-Cheek was sent on at his expense. Mourinho told the media that, ""For me his behaviour is normal. A top player on the bench will not be happy."" Costa, Oscar and Fàbregas were targeted by Chelsea supporters as the players whose poor form led to the dismissal of popular manager José Mourinho in December 2015. Costa scored twice in the first game under interim replacement Guus Hiddink, a 2–2 home draw against Watford. Costa, who played in a protective mask after breaking his nose in training, improved his form under the Dutchman, scoring seven times in his first eight games under the new management. On 12 March 2016, Costa received his first red card in a Chelsea shirt near the end their 2–0 FA Cup quarter-final defeat to Everton for confronting opponent Gareth Barry. Footage appeared to show Costa biting Barry during that confrontation after clashing heads. Earlier in the match, Costa appeared to spit in the direction of the referee after he was yellow carded for a clash with Barry. Later, both Costa and Barry denied that the bite occurred. Costa's two-match ban was extended to three, and he was fined £20,000. On 2 May, as Chelsea drew 2–2 against Tottenham to deny them the title, Costa was gouged in the eyes by Mousa Dembélé during a mass brawl; the Belgian received a retrospective six-match ban. On 15 August 2016, Costa scored a late winner against West Ham United to give Chelsea a 2–1 win in their season opener. During the match, he caught opposing goalkeeper Adrián with a late challenge when already on a yellow card, but did not receive a second yellow and went on to score the winner; Adrián stated after the match that he was fortunate not to be seriously injured. On 15 October, he scored in a 3–0 over reigning Premier League champions Leicester City, and on 20 November Costa became the first player to reach ten league goals for the season, with the only one of the game at Middlesbrough. With two goals and two assists for league leaders Chelsea, he was voted Premier League Player of the Month for the second time in November 2016, with his manager Antonio Conte picking up the equivalent. In January 2017, Costa fell out with Conte and was dropped from the team, amidst interest from the Chinese Super League. A potential move to Tianjin Quanjian F.C. was curtailed by the league limiting the number of foreign players in each team. He returned to Chelsea's starting line-up on 22 January, opening a 2–0 win over Hull City, his 52nd goal on his 100th appearance. Costa was Chelsea's top scorer with 20 goals as they regained the Premier League title. On 27 May, he scored an equaliser in the 2017 FA Cup Final against Arsenal, a 2–1 loss. In June 2017, Costa was told by Conte that he was not part of his plans for the coming season and that he was free to move to another team via text message. Although Costa was linked to potential moves to the likes of Milan, Monaco, and Everton, he stated that he would only be open to moving back to his former team Atlético Madrid. Costa attempted to find a legal solution through his lawyer in pushing for a move back to Madrid, and said that Chelsea were treating him like a ""criminal"" by demanding a high transfer fee for his exit. He was excluded from training with the first-team, but was named in the Premier League squad, yet left out of the Champions League squad. On 21 September 2017, Chelsea announced that Costa would return to Atlético at the start of the next transfer window in January 2018. On 26 September 2017, it was announced that after passing medical tests Costa signed a contract with Atlético. He would be registered and able to play after 1 January 2018, due to a transfer ban imposed on Atlético. On 31 December 2017, Atletico officially announced Costa's signing from Chelsea. At the unveiling event Costa said that he has only good memories about his former club. He also stated that he was waiting for this moment and is desperate to play after spending few months in training. On 5 March 2013, Costa was called up to the Brazil national team by head coach Luiz Felipe Scolari for friendlies with Italy in Geneva and Russia in London, both taking place late in that month. He made his debut in the first match on 21 March, replacing Fred midway through the second half of the 2–2 draw. Four days later at Stamford Bridge, he replaced Kaká for the last 12 minutes of a 1–1 draw with Russia. In September 2013, the Royal Spanish Football Federation made an official request to FIFA for permission to call up Costa for the Spain national team. He had been granted Spanish nationality in July. FIFA regulations currently permit players with more than one nationality to represent a second country if, like Costa, he had only represented his first country in friendly matches. On 29 October 2013, Costa declared that he wished to play international football for Spain, sending a letter to the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF). Following the news, Scolari commented, ""A Brazilian player who refuses to wear the shirt of the Brazilian national team and compete in a World Cup in your country is automatically withdrawn. He is turning his back on a dream of millions, to represent our national team, the five-time champions in a World Cup in Brazil."" The CBF judicial director, Carlos Eugênio Lopes, said, On 28 February 2014, Spain manager Vicente del Bosque included Costa in the squad for a friendly against Italy, but he was an unused substitute. He finally made his debut on 5 March, playing the full 90 minutes at his club ground, the Vicente Calderón Stadium, as the hosts won 1–0. Costa was named in Spain's 30-man provisional squad for the 2014 World Cup, as well as the final list which was named on 31 May. He returned from the injury which had ended his club season by starting in a warm-up game against El Salvador, winning a penalty in a 2–0 victory. In the first match of the tournament, against the Netherlands, he again won a penalty, conceded by Stefan de Vrij and converted by Xabi Alonso for a 1–0 lead but in an eventual 1–5 defeat; he was booed by Brazilian fans during the match, to which he reacted by saying, ""I have confirmed that Spain is my country and the Spanish people are behind me, the criticism of my decision does not affect me."" Costa then started in a 0–2 loss to Chile making little impact as he was substituted for Fernando Torres for the second consecutive match, and Spain were eliminated. He was an unused substitute in the team's third match, a 3–0 defeat of Australia. Costa scored his first goal for Spain with the third in a 4–0 UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying win away to Luxembourg on 12 October 2014. He did not feature again for Spain until 5 September 2015, when he was fouled by Slovakia goalkeeper Matúš Kozáčik for a penalty, which Andrés Iniesta converted for a 2–0 qualifying win at the Estadio Carlos Tartiere in Oviedo. He was booed when he was substituted for Paco Alcácer later in the match. Del Bosque defended Costa from criticism, saying that he performed well against the Slovak defence. However, he was not included in the final squad for the tournament. On 5 September 2016, Costa scored his first international goals for nearly two years, in an 8–0 win over Liechtenstein at the Estadio Reino de León for Spain's opening match of 2018 World Cup qualification, the first being a header from a free-kick by his former Atlético teammate Koke. Friends and family recalled how Costa's style of play changed little over time, with his father stating how as a child, Costa would be furious whenever his team lost. Atlético scout Javier Hernández, on watching 17-year-old Costa play for Penafiel, was impressed by the young forward's determination and power, although found it evident that he was not observing a healthy lifestyle. Costa's Penafiel manager Rui Bento, who was at Sporting CP when Cristiano Ronaldo broke into the team, rated Costa in the same calibre as the Portuguese winger. According to Atlético director Jesús García Pitarch, Costa ranks as one of the best signings of his career, alongside Mohamed Sissoko, Miranda and Ricardo Oliveira. While on loan at Celta de Vigo, Costa drew comparisons to their former Egyptian striker Mido, who was also known for his temper. During his spell at Albacete, Costa was nicknamed after bullfighter Curro Romero and the Tasmanian devil. His manager Juan Ignacio Martínez conceded that Costa played as a model professional for 89 minutes per match, with only one minute per match being his downfall. Costa refers to José Luis Mendilibar as his greatest manager because of his fatherlike ""tough love"", respecting his talents while keeping strict discipline, once sending Costa to work in a vineyard as a punishment. Earlier in his Atlético Madrid career, Costa's physical play was used in support of Radamel Falcao, thus ensuring a lower goalscoring rate. After Falcao was sold in 2013, the attack was restructured around Costa by manager Diego Simeone. Simeone, who like Costa was known for his competitiveness and aggression, found ways to enhance his discipline while retaining his determination. Ahead of his competitive debut for Chelsea in August 2014, BBC Sport pundit Robbie Savage described Costa as ""the missing piece in the jigsaw"" for the ""clear favourites"" who ""could end up winning the title by five or six points"". He explained that Chelsea's defence was already the strongest in the league, but a poorer rate of shot-to-goal conversion had cost them the title. He praised Costa's stature and physical style of play which ""suits the Premier League down to the ground"" in the same role that Didier Drogba previously played at Chelsea, an opinion also voiced by the league's top scorer of all-time, Alan Shearer. Costa has also been attributed with a greater ability to keep possession of the ball than any Chelsea striker since Drogba first left the club in 2012. Costa has been the source of much controversy in his career due to confrontations with opponents, and has received multiple violent conduct charges from The Football Association of England. Opposing managers have also opined that Costa himself intends to provoke his opponents. Danny Murphy of Match of the Day has stated that Costa is targeted by players who ""wind him up,"" but he ""remains calm"", and is justified to taunt opponents who taunt him. Pat Nevin, a former Chelsea winger, believes that Costa's style of play is likely to cause himself ""a few injuries."" In August 2014, he was criticised by Everton manager Roberto Martínez for taunting Everton's Séamus Coleman following his own goal, and stated Costa needed ""to understand the ethics"" of the Premier League. In October 2014, he clashed with Slovakia's Martin Škrtel in a Euro 2016 qualifier. In January 2015, following two stamp incidents involving Costa and Liverpool players for which Costa received a three-match ban by the FA, Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers stated that he thought Costa had fouled his players when ""he could easily have hurdled over the player"" and ""there’s no need to do it"". Costa described his style of play as ""strong but noble"", and refuted allegations that he deliberately aims to injure opponents. In late 2015, Costa was the subject of scrutiny for his comparatively poor start to his second season at Chelsea and his low scoring rate for Spain. Daily Mail writer Adam Shergold credited this to consistent injuries and transfer speculation, concluding that, ""The whole perception of the 26-year-old has switched in a matter of months from appreciation at his deadly abilities in front of goal to derision at the fighting, profligacy and now diving that has crept into his game."" French newspaper L'Equipe named Costa as the most hated footballer in December 2015, based on his provocative and violent behaviour. 5 6",1
Tom_Tancredo_2008_presidential_campaign,"Tom_Tancredo_2008_presidential_campaign  2007-11-19T21:54:30Z   Template:Future election candidate The Tom Tancredo presidential campaign, 2008 began with the announcement of candidacy by the Colorado Congressman on April 2, 2007. Since then the campaign has garnered grassroots support and endorsements from conservative Republicans concerned about illegal immigration and border security. However the candidate remains abysmally low in the polls and has been criticized heavily for his Nativist campaign which has been described as ""one-issued"". Tancredo has contended that he probably will not win the nomination but hopes his campaign will bring forth more debate on his issue of concern, Immigration. Prior to his announcement early in 2007, draft movements sprung to try to convince Congressman Tancredo to run for President of the United States. Tancredo responded to the draft efforts by stating that he would only start a campaign if a candidate already in the race didn't extensively address the issue of Immigration and stay committed to conservative principles. After Tancredo's announcement on April 2, 2007, he immediately began campaigning in the strategically important state of New Hampshire making his first appearance at a meeting and a speech in Hudson and Nashua on April 4. Following this, Tancredo campaigned in the first caucus state of Iowa on April 14 at a fundraiser in Des Moines. As of November 2007, Tancredo has made over 90 campaign appearances in the state of Iowa (more than any other) and has appeared in Des Moines five times. He has appeared in New Hampshire around 35 times and sporadically in other states in the same span. Until June the campaign never took off in the polls nor in funds and received little media attention with the exception of the May 15 GOP debate in South Carolina. However Tancredo was given an opportunity to discuss immigration and attack the Bush administration and fellow Republican members of Congress at a GOP debate in New Hampshire on June 5, 2007. His criticism was directed mostly at top tiered candidate John McCain for his support of the failed ""Amnesty bill"". But throughout the night he continually criticized the policies of the Bush administration which he labeled as ""liberal"". When asked what President Bush's role would be in a Tancredo administration, he reflected on a time in 2003 when he was told by Karl Rove to "" darken the doorstep of the White House"" because of his criticism of the president. Tancredo concluded that President Bush would be advised to do the exact same thing if he ever became president. During the debate in regards to immigration and Republican members of Congress, Tancredo said the following: We're not just talking about the number of jobs that we may be losing or the number of kids that are in our schools and impacting our school system or the number of people that are abusing our hospital system and taking advantage of the welfare system in this country. We're not just talking about that. We're talking about something that goes to the very heart of this nation: whether or not we will actually survive as a nation. And here's what I mean by that. What we're doing here in this immigration battle is testing our willingness to actually hold together as a nation or split apart into a lot of balkanized pieces. We are testing our willingness to actually hold on to something called the English language, something that is the glue that is supposed to hold us together as a nation. We are becoming a bilingual nation. And that is not good. And that is the fearful part of this. The ramifications are much, much more significant than any that we've been discussing so far. And so, yes, I have said dramatic things. And, yes, I am willing to do whatever is necessary to try to stop this piece of legislation. And that includes go after any Republican that votes for it, because the Republicans can stop this. As July approached and came to its close, Tancredo's standing improved somewhat with the looming Ames Straw Poll. His strategy to focus on Iowa continued and the number of grassroots supporters in the state increased. On July 31 the campaign developed an interesting new strategy, offering a trip to Washington D. C. and a tour of the capitol to anybody who brought 25 Tancredo supporters to the straw poll. On the day before, supporters in Iowa distributed T-shirts which read ""I'm a Member of Tom's Army Against Amnesty"". Interviewed supporters were asked why they supported the candidate, they replied, ""He really has the concerns of America at heart, he's concerned about the culture of America itself. What's happening to the bedrock of American culture. "" Tancredo finished in a surprising fourth place at the Ames Straw poll with over 14% of the vote. It was won by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney. On August 31 Tancredo shifted momentarily to a new issue. On the two year anniversary since Hurricane Katrina made landfall in New Orleans he called for funds to be withdrawn and federal aid be cut off for the recovery effort. He remarked that it was time, ""the taxpayer gravy train left the New Orleans station"". The move was perhaps a step for the candidate to woo fiscal conservatives and advocates for states' rights commenting ""At some point, state and local officials and individuals have got to step up to the plate and take some initiative, the mentality that people can wait around indefinitely for the federal taxpayer to solve all their worldly problems has got to come to an end. "" In September Tancredo participated in two debates which received much media attention for the decisions of top tiered candidates to not participate in them. He attended the Values Voters Debate in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on September 17, 2007. In the straw poll that followed, Tancredo came in seventh place with 2% of the vote. Mike Huckabee won the straw poll with 63%. Tancredo also appeared at the Black Caucus Debate on September 27 at Baltimore, Maryland which aired on PBS. During this debate he commented that the economic differences between African-Americans and Anglo-Americans has ""nothing to do with race. "" Tancredo also discussed illegal immigration during the debate. On September 25, 2007 Tancredo became the first presidential candidate to be interviewed on Wikinews. He discussed gay issues, immigration, and federalism among others. Interesting to note was when Tancredo was asked who it would be if he had to support a Democratic candidate running for president, Tancredo chose Illinois Senator Barack Obama remarking: Although I couldn’t vote for him, if I had to support one for a nominee it would be Obama, and I would do so because first, I believe we could beat him , but secondly, and less cynically, I think it would be very good to have a black man, a good family man, and a very articulate man, to have him as a role model for a lot of black children in this country. In October with the World Series approaching and Tancredo's team the Colorado Rockies representing the National League he decided to make a bet with fellow candidate Mitt Romney whose team the Boston Red Sox were representing the American League. Tancredo proposed that he would drop out of the race if Boston won but only if Romney agreed to drop out if Colorado won. Luckily for Tancredo, the Romney campaign turned down the bet and Boston won the world series. On November 13, 2007, the Tancredo campaign released a controversial advertisement called ""Tough on Terror"" in which a hypothetical terrorist attack occurs in a shopping mall. The ad blames inept border security for the attack and flashes images of an injured child and and a wrecked train. After Tancredo gives his approval for the message with the comment ""I approve this message because someone needs to say it,"" a voiceover states, ""There are consequences to open borders beyond the 20 million aliens who have come to take our jobs . . . the price we pay for spineless politicians who refuse to defend our borders against those who come to kill. "" Since its release the ad has recieved much criticism from some who call it ""cheap"" and ""blatant fearmongering"". Bowdoin College political scientist Michael Franz likened the advertisement to the Daisy ad run by Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 United States Presidential election claiming that the election of Barry Goldwater would lead to a nuclear war. The other Republican candidates in the race have not commented on the ad. On November 15, 2007, in a move poking fun at Democratic presidential candidate John Edwards and building on the recent media coverage aimed at his campaign for the previously mentioned advertisement, Tancredo recieved a haircut for $400 which was used to donate money to the Autism Society of America. The haircut was given by David Holden of New Hampshire whose son is afflicted with autism. It is unknown what effects the increased media attention given to the Tancredo campaign in November will have on fundraising and polling. About one year before entering the race on June 5, 2006, Tancredo won the Macomb County Straw Poll in Michigan. He recieved 60 of the 327 votes cast or 18% of the vote. Tancredo beat out the second place finisher Rudy Giuliani by 15 votes. On February 13, 2007, the American Conservative Union issued ratings for potential presidential candidates for the 2008 election. Tancredo took first with a lifetime ranking of 99 out of 100. The website ConservativesBetrayed. com polled 525 people who attended CPAC 2007, and 88. 1% believed that Tancredo would govern as a conservative. Newt Gingrich polled next at 87. 9%. In general polling, Tancredo has faired far worse than in straw polls. Early polls have both put Tancredo above and below the 1% mark. However in November 2007 he slightly moved up in polling reaching the 2% mark and coming out ahead of his closest rival, California Congressman Duncan Hunter. In a November 16 Gallup poll Tancredo stands in seventh place at 2% trailing Texas Congressman Ron Paul by 3%. In a head to head matchup done by Rasmussen Reports on August 29, 2007, Tancredo trailed New York Senator Hillary Clinton by 13% finishing with 37% to Clinton's 50%. In a head to head matchup with Barack Obama administered on the same day, Tancredo finished with 31% to 48% for Obama. Individual contributions make up the most of the campaign cash that Tancredo has received thus far, being about 97% of his total pocketbook. PAC contributions have been low, only around $75,500, of the $1,311,869. He has granted himself $200 for his campaign and has received no federal funding. $88,457 of his money comes from interest from the campaign's bank accounts and loans from outside sources. It should be noted that the majority of Tancredo's funds are not disclosed As of September 30, 2007 the campaign raised $3,538,244 and spent $3,458,130, leaving only $110,079 cash on hand. Ronald Robinson of the Young America's Foundation donated $1,000 to the campaign. Writer for Jimmy Kimmel Live, Jacob Lentz, donated $250. Michael Bushell, owner of BibleWorks and Pueblo Chieftain newspaper publisher Robert Rawlings both gave $500 to Tancredo's campaign. List of People endorsing Tom Tancredo Tancredo's endorsers include: The biggest endorsement that Tancredo has thus recieved was that of Bay Buchanan, the sister of perrenial presidential candidate Pat Buchanan and former Treasurer of the United States, under President Ronald Reagan. Immediately following her endorsement she was named the Senior Advisor of the Campaign. Other advisors include Phil Alexander formerly of the Buchanan campaigns in 1996, and 2000. New Hampshire advisor, Shelly Uscinski formerly the New Hampshire chairman of the Christian Coalition. Iowa advisor and former United States Senate candidate in 2002 Bill Salier. And campaign official Tim Haley, the former campaign manager of Pat Buchanan's Reform Party run in 2000. The campaign has been criticized for as wide ranging issues as Tancredo's speaking abilities and performances in debates to the categorization of his campaign as ""unwinnable"" and ""one-issued"". After the October 9, 2007 Dearborn GOP Debate, Tancredo was criticized by the conservative blog, ""Republican Ranting"" for stuttering and stumbling, citing this as causing him major problems in the debate. Also cited was the following exchange with Sam Brownback: Tancredo: Sam, I don’t, your mom, if she was a postal worker, believe me, she didn’t need a union on top of civil service benefits Brownback: Don’t pick on my mother Tancredo: I’m sure she was a sweetheart. Brownback: Leave my mother out of this. Tancredo: Especially with regard to, need I say it, illegal immigration… Brownback: My mother is not an illegal immigrant. A writer at the blog Farmeruminations, spoke about his experience at the August 12, 2007 Iowa Straw poll stating that ""Tancredo. . . stuttered and stumbled, spoke during the applause, lost his place several times, so had to look at the written copy, not a good performance by any standard. "" The campaign has been criticized for focusing too heavily on the issue of Immigration which has given the candidate the appearance of running a one-issue campaign. During an exchange on the August 22, 2007 edition of Hannity and Colmes, Geraldo Rivera and Tancredo got into a lively argument over sanctuary cities and a murder committed by an illegal immigrant in Newark, New Jersey. Rivera remarked: First of all, this was the 60th homicide in Newark this year, and I'm sure Congressman Tancredo has not opined about any of the other homicides, and only became interested in this one when it became clear that one of the six alleged perpetrators came to this country illegally at the age of 11. That's one thing. Number two, why was this person, this one of the six around to commit this hideous crime? He was out because he had a 31-count indictment for the rape of a child, and he was out on $15,000 bail, instead of the requisite $450,000 bail that he never could have made and never would have been on the street. It had nothing to do with his immigration status. And it's just being used by advocates of this crushing anti-immigration policy to make a cheap political point. The political website ""Political Realm"" sums up Tancredo's campaign profile with the statement that ""In the end, Tancredo is a single-issue candidate and that will not be enough to carry him over the top. "" Tancredo himself acknowledges that he is a one-issue candidate making the statement at a speech in to the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), ""If you want to call me a single-issue candidate, that's fine, just so long as you know that my single issue is the survival and the success of the conservative movement in America. "" Tancredo remarked that his campaign is not about winning the nomination but instead winning over people to his point of view in the race: "". . . they can say, 'That guy is a racist xenophobe. That guy is just so crazy that we can take a more moderate stance. ' To tell you the truth, that's okay with me. It is not the worst thing in the world to have changed the debate so significantly, at least among Republicans running for office, that they are willing to say things like 'We will secure the border' and ""We will go after employers. "" That's the moderate position now. . . "",  Tom_Tancredo_2008_presidential_campaign  2009-06-01T22:59:45Z   The Tom Tancredo presidential campaign, 2008 for President of the United States began with the announcement of candidacy by the Colorado Congressman on April 2, 2007. Since then, the campaign had garnered grassroots support and endorsements from conservative Republicans concerned about illegal immigration and border security. However, the candidate remained low in the polls and was criticized for his nativist campaign, which had been described as ""single-issued. "" Tancredo has stated he probably would not win the nomination but hoped his campaign would bring forth more debate on his issue of concern, immigration. On December 20, 2007 Tancredo withdrew from the presidential race, and endorsed Mitt Romney. Prior to his announcement early in 2007, draft movements sprung to try to convince Congressman Tancredo to run for President of the United States. Tancredo responded to the draft efforts by stating that he would only start a campaign if a candidate already in the race didn't extensively address the issue of Immigration and stay committed to conservative principles. After Tancredo's announcement on April 2, 2007, he immediately began campaigning in the strategically important state of New Hampshire making his first appearance at a meeting and a speech in Hudson and Nashua on April 4. Following this, Tancredo campaigned in the first caucus state of Iowa on April 14 at a fundraiser in Des Moines. As of November 2007, Tancredo had made over 90 campaign appearances in the state of Iowa (more than any other) and had appeared in Des Moines five times. He has appeared in New Hampshire around 35 times and sporadically in other states in the same time span. Until June the campaign never took off in the polls nor in funds and received little media attention, with the exception of the May 15 GOP debate in South Carolina. However, Tancredo was given an opportunity to discuss immigration and attack the Bush administration and fellow Republican members of Congress at a GOP debate in New Hampshire on June 5, 2007. His criticism was directed mostly at top tiered candidate John McCain for his support of the failed ""Amnesty bill. "" But throughout the night he continually criticized the policies of the Bush administration which he labeled as ""liberal. "" When asked what President Bush's role would be in a Tancredo administration, he reflected on a time in 2003 when he was told by Karl Rove to "" darken the doorstep of the White House"" because of his criticism of the president. Tancredo concluded that President Bush would be advised to do the exact same thing if he ever became president. During the debate in regards to immigration and Republican members of Congress, Tancredo said the following: We're not just talking about the number of jobs that we may be losing or the number of kids that are in our schools and impacting our school system or the number of people that are abusing our hospital system and taking advantage of the welfare system in this country. We're not just talking about that. We're talking about something that goes to the very heart of this nation: whether or not we will actually survive as a nation. And here's what I mean by that. What we're doing here in this immigration battle is testing our willingness to actually hold together as a nation or split apart into a lot of balkanized pieces. We are testing our willingness to actually hold on to something called the English language, something that is the glue that is supposed to hold us together as a nation. We are becoming a bilingual nation. And that is not good. And that is the fearful part of this. The ramifications are much, much more significant than any that we've been discussing so far. And so, yes, I have said dramatic things. And, yes, I am willing to do whatever is necessary to try to stop this piece of legislation. And that includes go after any Republican that votes for it, because the Republicans can stop this. As July approached and came to its close, Tancredo's standing improved somewhat with the looming Ames Straw Poll. His strategy to focus on Iowa continued and the number of grassroots supporters in the state increased. On July 31 the campaign developed an interesting new strategy, offering a trip to Washington, D. C. and a tour of the capitol to anybody who brought 25 Tancredo supporters to the straw poll. On the day before, supporters in Iowa distributed T-shirts which read ""I'm a Member of Tom's Army Against Amnesty. "" Interviewed supporters were asked why they supported the candidate, they replied, ""He really has the concerns of America at heart, he's concerned about the culture of America itself. What's happening to the bedrock of American culture. "" Tancredo finished in a surprising fourth place at the Ames Straw poll with over 14% of the vote. It was won by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney. all I've heard is people trying to out-Tancredo Tancredo. On August 31 Tancredo shifted momentarily to a new issue. On the two year anniversary since Hurricane Katrina made landfall in New Orleans he called for funds to be withdrawn and federal aid be cut off for the recovery effort. He remarked that it was time, ""the taxpayer gravy train left the New Orleans station. "" The move was perhaps a step for the candidate to woo fiscal conservatives and advocates for states' rights commenting ""At some point, state and local officials and individuals have got to step up to the plate and take some initiative, the mentality that people can wait around indefinitely for the federal taxpayer to solve all their worldly problems has got to come to an end. "" In September Tancredo participated in two debates which received much media attention for the decisions of top tiered candidates to not participate in them. He attended the Values Voters Debate in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on September 17, 2007. In the straw poll that followed, Tancredo came in seventh place with 2% of the vote. Mike Huckabee won the straw poll with 63%. Tancredo also appeared at the Black Caucus Debate on September 27 at Baltimore, Maryland which aired on PBS. During this debate he commented that the economic differences between African-Americans and Anglo-Americans has ""nothing to do with race. "" Tancredo also discussed illegal immigration during the debate. On September 25, 2007 Tancredo became the first presidential candidate to be interviewed on Wikinews. He discussed gay issues, immigration, and federalism among others. Interesting to note was when Tancredo was asked who it would be if he had to support a Democratic Party candidate running for president, Tancredo chose Illinois Senator Barack Obama remarking: Although I couldn’t vote for him, if I had to support one for a nominee it would be Obama, and I would do so because first, I believe we could beat him , but secondly, and less cynically, I think it would be very good to have a black man, a good family man, and a very articulate man, to have him as a role model for a lot of black children in this country. In October with the World Series approaching and Tancredo's team the Colorado Rockies representing the National League he decided to make a bet with fellow candidate Mitt Romney whose team the Boston Red Sox were representing the American League. Tancredo proposed that he would drop out of the race if Boston won but only if Romney agreed to drop out if Colorado won. Luckily for Tancredo, the Romney campaign turned down the bet and Boston won the world series. On November 13, 2007, the Tancredo campaign released a controversial advertisement called ""Tough on Terror"" in which a hypothetical terrorist attack occurs in a shopping mall. The ad blames inept border security for the attack and flashes images of an injured child and a wrecked train. After Tancredo gives his approval for the message with the comment ""I approve this message because someone needs to say it,"" a voiceover states, ""There are consequences to open borders beyond the 20 million aliens who have come to take our jobs. . . the price we pay for spineless politicians who refuse to defend our borders against those who come to kill. "" Since its release the ad has received much criticism from some who call it ""cheap"" and ""blatant fearmongering. "" Bowdoin College political scientist Michael Franz likened the advertisement to the Daisy ad run by Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 Presidential election claiming that the election of Barry Goldwater would lead to a nuclear war. The other Republican candidates in the race have not commented on the ad. On November 15, 2007, in a move poking fun at Democratic presidential candidate John Edwards and building on the recent media coverage aimed at his campaign for the previously mentioned advertisement, Tancredo received a haircut for $400 which was used to donate money to the Autism Society of America. The haircut was given by David Holden of New Hampshire whose son is afflicted with autism. In early December Tancredo declined an invitation to a Spanish-language debate featured on Univision as a protest to immigrants who do not learn English. He did, however, participate in the November 28, 2007 debate where he accused his opponents, most notable Mike Huckabee of trying to ""out-Tancredo, Tancredo"" on the issue of illegal immigration. On December 20, 2007 Tancredo dropped out of the presidential race and thus ended his campaign. He cited that it had become apparent to him that he could not win the race but was glad at what he perceived as the new positions of his opponents on illegal immigration, believing that ""we've (The Tom Tancredo campaign) forced them into that . . . "" Tancredo also cited Huckabee's surge as a reason for his withdraw, stating his disagreements with the Governor made it important to help Romney secure the nomination. While announcing his withdrawal, Tancredo also announced that he was endorsing Mitt Romney for President in 2008, citing Romney as ""the best hope for our cause . "" About one year before entering the race on June 5, 2006, Tancredo won the Macomb County Straw Poll in Michigan. He received 60 of the 327 votes cast or 18% of the vote. Tancredo beat out the second place finisher Rudy Giuliani by 15 votes. On February 13, 2007, the American Conservative Union issued ratings for potential presidential candidates for the 2008 election. Tancredo took first with a lifetime ranking of 99 out of 100. The website ConservativesBetrayed. com polled 525 people who attended CPAC 2007, and 88. 1% believed that Tancredo would govern as a conservative. Newt Gingrich polled next at 87. 9%. In general polling, Tancredo has faired far worse than in straw polls. Early polls have both put Tancredo above and below the 1% mark. However in November 2007 he slightly moved up in polling reaching the 2% mark and coming out ahead of his closest rival, California Congressman Duncan Hunter. In a November 16 Gallup poll Tancredo stands in seventh place at 2% trailing Texas Congressman Ron Paul by 3%. In a head to head matchup done by Rasmussen Reports on August 29, 2007, Tancredo trailed New York Senator Hillary Clinton by 13% finishing with 37% to Clinton's 50%. In a head to head matchup with Barack Obama administered on the same day, Tancredo finished with 31% to 48% for Obama. Individual contributions make up the most of the campaign cash that Tancredo has received thus far, being about 97% of his total pocketbook. PAC contributions have been low, only around $75,500, of the $1,311,869. He has granted himself $200 for his campaign and has received no federal funding. $88,457 of his money comes from interest from the campaign's bank accounts and loans from outside sources. It should be noted that the majority of Tancredo's funds are not disclosed As of September 30, 2007 the campaign raised $3,538,244 and spent $3,458,130, leaving only $110,079 cash on hand. Ronald Robinson of the Young America's Foundation donated $1,000 to the campaign. Michael Bushell, owner of BibleWorks and Pueblo Chieftain newspaper publisher Robert Rawlings both gave $500 to Tancredo's campaign. Tancredo has qualified for and will accept public funds from the Presidential election campaign fund checkoff. However, since he has pulled out of the race, Tancredo will return the matching funds. List of People endorsing Tom Tancredo Tancredo's endorsers include: The biggest endorsement that Tancredo received was that of Bay Buchanan, the sister of perennial presidential candidate Pat Buchanan and former Treasurer of the United States under President Ronald Reagan. Immediately following her endorsement she was named the Senior Advisor of the campaign. Other advisors include Phil Alexander, formerly of the Buchanan campaigns in 1996, and 2000. New Hampshire advisor, Shelly Uscinski formerly the New Hampshire chairman of the Christian Coalition. Iowa advisor and former U. S. Senate candidate in 2002 Bill Salier. And campaign official Tim Haley, the former campaign manager of Pat Buchanan's Reform Party run in 2000. The campaign has been criticized for as wide ranging issues as Tancredo's speaking abilities and performances in debates to the categorization of his campaign as ""unwinnable"" and ""one-issued. "" After the October 9, 2007 Dearborn GOP Debate, Tancredo was criticized by the conservative blog, ""Republican Ranting"" for stuttering and stumbling, citing this as causing him major problems in the debate. Also cited was the following exchange with Sam Brownback: Tancredo: Sam, I don’t, your mom, if she was a postal worker, believe me, she didn’t need a union on top of civil service benefits Brownback: Don’t pick on my mother Tancredo: I’m sure she was a sweetheart. Brownback: Leave my mother out of this. Tancredo: Especially with regard to, need I say it, illegal immigration… Brownback: My mother is not an illegal immigrant. A writer at the blog Farmeruminations, spoke about his experience at the August 12, 2007 Iowa Straw poll stating that ""Tancredo. . . stuttered and stumbled, spoke during the applause, lost his place several times, so had to look at the written copy, not a good performance by any standard. "" The campaign has been criticized for focusing too heavily on the issue of Immigration which has given the candidate the appearance of running a one-issue campaign. During an exchange on the August 22, 2007 edition of Hannity and Colmes, Geraldo Rivera and Tancredo got into a lively argument over sanctuary cities and a murder committed by an illegal immigrant in Newark, New Jersey. Rivera remarked: First of all, this was the 60th homicide in Newark this year, and I'm sure Congressman Tancredo has not opined about any of the other homicides, and only became interested in this one when it became clear that one of the six alleged perpetrators came to this country illegally at the age of 11. That's one thing. Number two, why was this person, this one of the six around to commit this hideous crime? He was out because he had a 31-count indictment for the rape of a child, and he was out on $15,000 bail, instead of the requisite $450,000 bail that he never could have made and never would have been on the street. It had nothing to do with his immigration status. And it's just being used by advocates of this crushing anti-immigration policy to make a cheap political point. The political website ""Political Realm"" sums up Tancredo's campaign profile with the statement that ""In the end, Tancredo is a single-issue candidate and that will not be enough to carry him over the top. "" Tancredo himself acknowledges that he is a one-issue candidate making the statement at a speech in to the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), ""If you want to call me a single-issue candidate, that's fine, just so long as you know that my single issue is the survival and the success of the conservative movement in America. "" Tancredo remarked that his campaign was not about winning the nomination but instead winning over people to his point of view in the race: . . . they can say, 'That guy is a racist xenophobe. That guy is just so crazy that we can take a more moderate stance. ' To tell you the truth, that's okay with me. It is not the worst thing in the world to have changed the debate so significantly, at least among Republicans running for office, that they are willing to say things like 'We will secure the border' and ""We will go after employers. "" That's the moderate position now. . .",0
Martin Clunes,"Martin Clunes  2014-01-01T09:27:16Z  Alexander Martin Clunes (born 28 November 1961) is an English actor known for portraying Martin Ellingham in the hit ITV drama series Doc Martin. Clunes played Gary Strang in Men Behaving Badly. In 2009, Clunes starred as the title character in Reggie Perrin, a BBC One sitcom, which ran for two series until it came to an end in 2010. In 2012, he starred in The Town and A Mother's Son, both drama mini-series for ITV. Martin has narrated a number of documentaries for ITV, the first of which was Islands of Britain in 2009. He has since presented a number of documentaries about animals, such as Horsepower, and its follow-up Heavy Horsepower. In 2013, he narrated The Secret Life of Dogs on ITV. Clunes is the son of the classical actor Alec Clunes, who died of lung cancer when Clunes was eight years old. He has an older sister, Amanda. His mother Daphne, later a board member of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, once worked for Orson Welles. Clunes was educated at two independent secondary schools, the Royal Russell School in Croydon and the Arts Educational Schools, in Chiswick, London. Clunes served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance came in the 1980s Doctor Who story Snakedance. But a sporadic career led to his supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. The highlight of his career was the appearance of his name in a popular song named 'Martin Clunes' as performed by Matt Lucas and David Walliams. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of the sitcom All at No 20. While Clunes was appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him; the acquaintanceship developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows (most notably one of the Rugby Players). Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, bringing Clunes his best-known role to date and for which he won a BAFTA television award in 1996. He played the part of Group Captain Barker in the 2-part TV mini-series Over Here that same year. In 1993, he played Dick Dobson in Demob about a pair of demobilized soldiers who had to adjust to civilian life after entertaining World War II troops with a raunchy cabaret act. He has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening With Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the Oscar-winning film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. In 2001, he played Captain Stickles in the BBC adaptation of R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. In 2002, he played serial killer John George Haigh in a Yorkshire TV production A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV romantic comedy-drama William and Mary, which ran for three series, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). He plays the leading role of Doctor Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin, a role in which he has starred since 2004. In August 2007 he starred in ITV's The Man Who Lost His Head. Clunes is a regular voice over artist and is the voice of Kipper in the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. Clunes appeared in a television dramatisation of Fungus the Bogeyman playing Jessica White's father. Between 2009 and 2010, Clunes starred on BBC One television in the title role of Reggie Perrin, a re-make of classic 1970s British situation comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. In 2011, Clunes voiced the mischievous dog Dudley in the short film Me or the Dog, starring Edward Hogg and directed by Abner Pastoll. Clunes has also appeared in some TV advertisements for the Churchill insurance company. In 2009, Clunes presented a three-part ITV series Islands of Britain, which saw him travelling around several of the country's lesser known islands. In 2010, he presented ITV mini-series Horsepower about man's relationship over time with the horse. This was followed by Heavy Horsepower which aired in 2013. In June 2012, he presented a documentary series on ITV on Tuesday nights about the lemurs of Madagascar. In 2013, he narrated ITV documentary The Secret Life of Dogs. On 3 December 2013, it was announced that Clunes will narrate a three-part documentary series called Islands of Oz, to be filmed in Australia in 2014, for the Australia's Seven Network television network. Production company, Prospero Productions, explained that the series ""follows acclaimed actor and comedian Martin Clunes as he explores the most diverse, intriguing, remote and spectacular islands that surround Australia"". BAFTA Award for Best Comedy Performance (1996) Clunes' first marriage was to the actress Lucy Aston in 1990. They divorced in 1997 and Clunes married future Doc Martin television producer Philippa Braithwaite that same year. In 1999, Braithwaite gave birth to their daughter, Emily. Clunes lives with his family in Beaminster, Dorset. In 2010, Clunes was named president of the Royal International Horse Show. He was also named President of the British Horse Society from 1 June 2011. Clunes supports Weldmar Hospicecare Trust in Dorset. In January 2011, Clunes also became Patron of Animal Care in Egypt. He also enjoys the music of Frank Zappa as he said in his episode of Desert Island Discs, in which one of his selections was ""Doreen"" from Zappa's album You Are What You Is. A sponsor of numerous charities, he has made a short online film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. He is also a patron of the Born Free Foundation and has filmed several adverts for the wildlife charity. He has been involved in the Comic Relief charity which funds Survival International and African Initiatives, two organisations working with the Maasai on indigenous land rights issues. ,  Martin Clunes  2015-12-18T02:41:51Z  Alexander Martin Clunes, OBE (born 28 November 1961) is a British actor, best known for portraying Martin Ellingham in the ITV drama series Doc Martin and Gary Strang in Men Behaving Badly. Clunes has narrated a number of documentaries for ITV, the first of which was Islands of Britain in 2009. He has since presented a number of documentaries centred on animals. Clunes was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to drama, charity and the community. Clunes was educated at the Royal Russell School in Croydon, London and later at the Arts Educational School. He is the son of classical actor Alec Clunes, who died of lung cancer when Clunes was eight years old. He has an older sister Amanda. He is a cousin of the late actor Jeremy Brett. Clunes served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance came in the 1983 Doctor Who story Snakedance. But a sporadic career led to his supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of the sitcom All at No 20. While Clunes was appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him; the acquaintanceship developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows (most notably one of the Rugby Players). Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, bringing Clunes his best-known role to date and for which he won a BAFTA television award for Best Comedy Performance in 1996. He played the part of Group Captain Barker in the 2-part TV mini-series Over Here that same year. In 1993, he played Dick Dobson in Demob about a pair of demobilized soldiers who had to adjust to civilian life after entertaining World War II troops with a raunchy cabaret act. Since 1994, Clunes has frequently appeared on the BBC One panel show Have I Got News for You as a panelist or a guest presenter. Clunes has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening with Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the Oscar-winning film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. In 2001, he played Captain Stickles in the BBC adaptation of R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. In 2002, Clunes played serial killer John George Haigh in a Yorkshire TV production A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV comedy-drama William and Mary, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). Since 2004, Clunes has played the lead role of Doctor Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin. In August 2007, Clunes starred in the ITV/TVNZ co-production The Man Who Lost His Head. Clunes is a regular voice over artist and is the voice of Kipper in the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. For six years (1993-1999) he also did voice acting for Safeway adverts; he provided the voice of Harry in Safeway's 'When Harry Met Molly' advertising campaign during said years. Clunes appeared in a television dramatisation of Fungus the Bogeyman playing Jessica White's father. Between 2009 and 2010, Clunes starred on BBC One television in the title role of Reggie Perrin, a re-make of classic 1970s British situation comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. In 2015, Martin played the role of Arthur Conan Doyle in the ITV mini-series Arthur & George. Clunes played Brock in the 1990 film The Russia House. He played Richard Burbage in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love, and Anthony Staxton-Billing in Sweet Revenge the same year. In 2000, Clunes played the role of Dr. Martin Bamford in the film Saving Grace. The following year (2001), he played James Chancellor in Global Heresy. In 2011, Clunes voiced the mischievous dog Dudley in the short film Me or the Dog, starring Edward Hogg and directed by Abner Pastoll. Clunes then starred in the 2014 film Nativity 3: Dude, Where's My Donkey? . In 2008, Clunes presented Martin Clunes: A Man and his Dogs, which was aired on 24 August 2008. In 2009, Clunes presented a three-part ITV series Islands of Britain, which saw him travelling around several of the country's lesser known islands. In 2010, Clunes presented ITV mini-series Horsepower about man's relationship over time with the horse. This was followed by Heavy Horsepower which aired in 2013. In January 2011, Clunes presented documentary Martin Clunes: Man to Manta. In June 2012, Clunes presented a documentary series on ITV about the lemurs of Madagascar called Martin Clunes: The Lemurs of Madagascar. On 31 January 2013, Clunes narrated ITV documentary Secret Life of Dogs. Then, on 2 and 3 June 2014, he narrated two more follow-up documentaries, Secret Life of Cats and Secret Life of Babies. On 4 April 2014, Clunes hosted a one-off ITV documentary called Martin Clunes & A Lion Called Mugie, following the work of conservationists in Kenya as well as tracking the progress of a lion called Mugie. The documentary was filmed over a period of three years. In August 2014, Clunes narrated ITV's three-part documentary series Kids with Cameras: Diary of a Children's Ward which saw Newcastle's children's ward through the eyes of its patients. On 3 December 2013, it was announced that Clunes will narrate a three-part documentary series called Islands of Oz, to be filmed in Australia in 2014, for Australia's Seven Network. Production company, Prospero Productions, explained that the series ""follows acclaimed actor and comedian Martin Clunes as he explores the most diverse, intriguing, remote and spectacular islands that surround Australia"". In April 2015, Clunes narrated Carry on Forever, a three part documentary series for ITV3. It was shown over the Easter weekend. In May 2015, Clunes presented Man & Beast with Martin Clunes, a two-part factual series for ITV, which looked at the relationship between humans and animals. BAFTA Award for Best Comedy Performance (1996) Clunes' first marriage was to actress Lucy Aston in 1990. They divorced in 1997 and Clunes married future Doc Martin producer Philippa Braithwaite late that year. In 1999, Braithwaite gave birth to their daughter Emily. Clunes lives with his family in Beaminster, Dorset where they run a farm with heavy horses. He became President of the British Horse Society on 1 June 2011. Clunes supports Weldmar Hospicecare Trust in Dorset. The Buckham Fair is organised in support of the charity. In January 2011, Clunes also became Patron of Animal Care in Egypt. He enjoys the music of Frank Zappa, as stated on his episode of Desert Island Discs, wherein one of his selections was ""Doreen"" from Zappa's album You Are What You Is. A sponsor of numerous charities, Clunes made a short on-line film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. He is also a patron of the Born Free Foundation and has filmed several adverts for the wildlife charity. He has been involved in the Comic Relief charity which funds Survival International and African Initiatives, two organisations working with the Maasai on indigenous land rights issues. Clunes is also a celebrity supporter of The Dog Rescue Federation.",1
Cho Jin-woong,"Cho Jin-woong  2013-01-11T10:22:46Z  name Jo Jin-woong (조진웅) (born Jo Won-joon on March 3, 1976) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles as Sejong's loyal bodyguard Moo-hyul in Deep Rooted Tree, and as the mobster Kim Pan-ho in Nameless Gangster. ,  Cho Jin-woong  2014-12-28T14:29:16Z  name Cho Jin-woong (born Jo Won-joon on March 3, 1976) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his supporting roles as Sejong's loyal bodyguard in Deep Rooted Tree (2011), a mobster in Nameless Gangster (2012), and a mysterious villain in A Hard Day (2014).",1
Josh Charles,"Josh Charles  2008-01-09T03:12:54Z  Joshua Aaron Charles (born September 15, 1971) is an American stage, film and television actor. Charles was born in Baltimore, Maryland to Allan Charles, an advertising executive, and Laura, a gossip columnist for the Baltimore Sun newspaper. He has a brother, Jeff. Charles allegedly began his career performing stand-up comedy from the age of 8. As a teenager, he spent several summers at the noted Stagedoor Manor performing arts program in New York. Charles's film debut was in fellow Baltimore resident John Waters’s Hairspray (1988), followed in 1989 by a classic performance as Knox Overstreet in Dead Poets Society. In 1998, Charles was cast in the leading role of sports anchor Dan Rydell in the acclaimed TV comedy/drama Sports Night, created by Aaron Sorkin. The program ran for two years on ABC in the USA and has since been syndicated worldwide. Early in his career (1986), Charles received a Festival Week Award for Best Actor for the Stagedoor Manor production of Confrontation, in which he portrayed Brian, opposite Renee Weldon. In 2004, he appeared on stage in New York in a revival of Neil LaBute’s The Distance From Here, which received a Drama Desk award for Best Ensemble Performance. In January 2006 he created the role of Mark in the world premiere of Richard Greenberg's The Well-Appointed Room for the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago, following this with a short run at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, portraying the cloned brothers in Caryl Churchill's A Number. In October 2007 he created the role of Mr Dart in Adam Bock's The Receptionist. Charles is a fan of the Baltimore Orioles (baseball) and Baltimore Ravens (American football) teams. In 2004/5 he championed a fantasy football draft on the NFL Network. ,  Josh Charles  2009-12-17T02:31:37Z  Joshua Aaron ""Josh"" Charles (born September 15, 1971) is an American stage, film and television actor. Charles was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to Allan Charles, an advertising executive, and Laura, a gossip columnist for the Baltimore Sun newspaper. Charles began his career performing stand-up comedy from the age of nine. As a teenager, he spent several summers at Stagedoor Manor Performing Arts Center in New York, and attended the Baltimore School for the Arts. Charles' film debut was in fellow Baltimore resident John Waters' Hairspray in 1988. The following year, he starred alongside Robin Williams and Ethan Hawke in the Oscar-winning Dead Poets Society. Subsequent film roles have included Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead, Threesome, Pie in the Sky, Muppets from Space, S.W.A.T and Four Brothers. In 2009, he'll appear in After. Life alongside Christina Ricci and Liam Neeson and in John Krasinski's directorial debut, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men. On television, Charles played sports anchor Dan Rydell in Aaron Sorkin's Emmy Award-winning Sports Night, which ran for two years (1998-2000) on ABC and earned Charles a Screen Actors Guild nomination. In 2008, Charles created the role of Jake in Season 1 of HBO's In Treatment. In 2009, he returned to network television in CBS's The Good Wife, which stars Julianna Margulies and Chris Noth. In 1986, Josh Charles headlined a production of Jonathan Marc Sherman's Confrontation. In 2004, he appeared on stage in New York in a revival of Neil LaBute's The Distance From Here, which received a Drama Desk Award for Best Ensemble Cast. In January 2006 he appeared in the world premiere of Richard Greenberg's The Well-Appointed Room for the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago, and followed this with a run at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, portraying the cloned brothers in Caryl Churchill's A Number. In 2007, he appeared in Adam Bock's The Receptionist at the Manhattan Theatre Club. Charles is a fan of the Baltimore Orioles (baseball) and Baltimore Ravens (American football) teams. In 2004/5 he won a fantasy football draft on the NFL Network.",1
Jason Watkins,"Jason Watkins  2018-01-22T19:13:56Z  Jason Watkins (born 30 July 1966 in Albrighton, Shropshire) is a BAFTA award-winning and Olivier Award-nominated English stage, film and television actor, best known for playing William Herrick in Being Human, Gavin Strong in Trollied, Simon Harwood in W1A and Gordon Shakespeare in the Nativity film series. He played the lead role in two-part drama The Lost Honour of Christopher Jefferies, for which he won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor. Since training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, he has established himself as a stage actor, and is a member of the National Theatre company. He was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 2001 (2000 season) for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in A Servant For Two Masters (Young Vic, subsequently transferred to New Ambassadors Theatre). Other theatre work includes Rafts and Dreams at the Royal Court Theatre, Philistines and Landscape with Weapon (by Joe Penhall) at the National Theatre, London (2007) and A Laughing Matter (by April De Angelis) at the Liverpool Playhouse in 2003 (for which he was hailed as ""magnificent"" for his portrayal of the actor David Garrick). Watkins' most prominent television roles have included vampire leader William Herrick in Being Human, crime suspect Jason Buliegh in Conviction, Bradley Stainer in Funland and dog-walking crime witness Francis Cross in Five Days. He played Oswald Cooper in ""The Great and the Good"" episode of Lewis, Plornish in the 2008 BBC production of Little Dorrit, and Cabbage Patterson in the BBC adaptation of Lark Rise to Candleford. Watkins had a cameo in episode seven of the second series of Life on Mars, as Gene Hunt's dissolute lawyer Colin Merric. In 2006 he played real life pioneering radiologist Ernest Wilson in BBC pilot Casualty 1906. Also in 2006, he played the part of Sir Christopher Hatton in The Virgin Queen, a four part BBC drama about Queen Elizabeth I. He then featured in the second series of the BBC's comedy Psychoville, as Peter Bishop, owner of Hoyti Toyti, an antique shop specialising in toys. Since 2011, he has also appeared in the Sky1 sitcom Trollied as the store manager Gavin. In early 2012 he joined the cast of the BBC drama Prisoners' Wives, appeared as Detective Gilks in Dirk Gently and portrayed a smooth Church of England PR man in Twenty Twelve. On 11 May 2013 he appeared in the Doctor Who story Nightmare in Silver, written by Neil Gaiman, featuring the Cybermen in their current design. In 2013, he played an anaesthetist in The Wrong Mans. In 2014, he appeared as Simon Harwood in BBC comedy series W1A. A second series aired in 2015 and a third is being broadcast in 2017. In 2014, he played the lead role in a two part ITV drama entitled The Lost Honour of Christopher Jefferies, about the innocent initial suspect in the 2010 murder of Joanna Yeates, for which he won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor. In 2016, Watkins played the role of Pastor Hansford in the four-part ITV drama The Secret, which also starred James Nesbitt. Watkins appeared in two episodes of The Hollow Crown and played the role of Malcolm Turner in the BBC sitcom series Love, Nina. He narrated the Channel 4 documentary series The Job Interview. Watkins appeared as Tony Michaels in an episode of Friday Night Dinner. Watkins was cast as Mr Humphries in the BBC revival of Are You Being Served? , a role previously played by the late John Inman. In 2017, Watkins plays Solomon Coop, the Private Secretary to the Sovereign, the Prince Regent (later George IV), in BBC One's Taboo. Also on BBC One, Watkins performed as Wilfred Lucas-Dockery, the governor of the prison in the third episode of the BBC's adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's novel Decline and Fall. He played Simon in the second series of ITV drama Safe House in 2017. Watkins' most prominent film role to date has been the vividly camp gay wedding planner Gregory Hough in the 2006 comedy Confetti. He has also played smaller roles in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, Tomorrow Never Dies, The Golden Compass, Wild Child and Nativity! and its follow-up Nativity 2: Danger in the Manger. His son, Freddie, played his pupil in Nativity! . Watkins is married to jewellry designer Clara Francis. In 2011, their two and a half year old daughter Maude died of sepsis. He dedicated his 2015 BAFTA award to her and campaigns for greater awareness of sepsis. The couple have two other children, Bessie and Gilbert. Watkins also has two sons from his first marriage. ,  Jason Watkins  2019-12-21T03:43:53Z  Jason Watkins (born 28 October 1966 in Albrighton, Shropshire) is an English stage, film and television actor. He played the lead role in the two-part drama The Lost Honour of Christopher Jefferies, for which he won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor. He has also played William Herrick in Being Human, Gavin Strong in Trollied, Simon Harwood in W1A and Gordon Shakespeare in the film series Nativity. Following his training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Watkins established himself as a stage actor. He is a member of the National Theatre company. He was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 2001 (2000 season) for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in A Servant For Two Masters (Young Vic, subsequently transferred to New Ambassadors Theatre). Other theatre work includes Rafts and Dreams at the Royal Court Theatre, Philistines and Landscape with Weapon (by Joe Penhall) at the National Theatre, London (2007) and A Laughing Matter (by April De Angelis) at the Liverpool Playhouse in 2003 (for which he was hailed as ""magnificent"" for his portrayal of the actor David Garrick). In 2018 he played the predatory serial killer Ralph in a revival of Bryony Lavery's play Frozen at the Theatre Royal Haymarket. Watkins's most prominent television roles have included the vampire leader William Herrick in Being Human; the crime suspect Jason Buliegh in Conviction; Bradley Stainer in Funland; and the dog-walking crime witness Francis Cross in Five Days. He also played Oswald Cooper in ""The Great and the Good"", an episode of Lewis; Plornish in the 2008 BBC production of Little Dorrit; and Cabbage Patterson in the BBC adaptation of Lark Rise to Candleford. He had a cameo in episode seven of the second series of Life on Mars, as Gene Hunt's dissolute lawyer Colin Merric. In 2006 he played the (real-life) pioneering radiologist Ernest Wilson in a BBC pilot, Casualty 1906. Also in 2006 he played the part of Sir Christopher Hatton in The Virgin Queen, a four-part BBC drama. He then featured in the second series of the BBC's comedy Psychoville, as Peter Bishop, owner of Hoyti Toyti, an antique shop specialising in toys. Since 2011 he has also appeared in the Sky1 sitcom Trollied as the store manager Gavin. In early 2012 he joined the cast of the BBC drama Prisoners' Wives, appeared as Detective Gilks in Dirk Gently and portrayed a smooth Church of England PR man in Twenty Twelve. On 11 May 2013 he appeared in the Doctor Who story Nightmare in Silver, written by Neil Gaiman, featuring the Cybermen in their current design. Also in 2013 he played an anaesthetist in The Wrong Mans. In 2014, he appeared as Simon Harwood in BBC comedy series W1A. A second series aired in 2015 and a third is being broadcast in 2017. In 2014 he played the leading role in a two-part ITV drama entitled The Lost Honour of Christopher Jefferies, about the innocent initial suspect in the 2010 murder of Joanna Yeates. He won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor in this role. In 2016 Watkins played the role of Pastor Hansford in the four-part ITV drama The Secret. Watkins appeared in two episodes of The Hollow Crown and played the role of Malcolm Turner in the BBC sitcom series Love, Nina. He narrated the Channel 4 documentary series The Job Interview, appeared as Tony Michaels in an episode of Friday Night Dinner and was cast as Mr Humphries in the BBC revival of Are You Being Served? . In 2017 Watkins played Solomon Coop, private secretary to the Prince Regent (later George IV), in the BBC One series Taboo. Also on BBC One, Watkins performed as Wilfred Lucas-Dockery, the governor of the prison in the third episode of the BBC's adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's novel Decline and Fall. He played Simon in the second series of ITV drama Safe House in 2017. In 2018 he played Roger in the BBC sitcom Hold the Sunset and Emlyn Hooson in the Russell T Davies miniseries A Very English Scandal. Watkins played Prime Minister Harold Wilson in the third series of Netflix drama The Crown and is providing the voice of Captain Orchis in the BBC adaptation of Watership Down. Watkins's most prominent film role to date has been the vividly camp gay wedding planner Gregory Hough in the 2006 comedy Confetti. He has also played smaller roles in High Hopes, Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, Tomorrow Never Dies, The Golden Compass, Wild Child and Nativity! and its follow-up Nativity 2: Danger in the Manger. His son, Freddie, played his pupil in Nativity! . Watkins is married to jewellery designer Clara Francis. In 2011 their two-and-a-half-year-old daughter Maude died of sepsis. He dedicated his 2015 BAFTA award to her and campaigns for greater awareness of sepsis. Watkins and his wife have two other children, Bessie and Gilbert. Watkins also has two sons from his first marriage. 2005",1
Medieval_debate_poetry,"Medieval_debate_poetry  2008-01-25T21:10:45Z   Medieval Debate Literature refers to a genre of poems and stories popular in England and France during the late medieval period. The debate poem first appeared as a literary form in the eighth and ninth centuries, during the Carolingian Renaissance. Beginning in the late ninth century, European clergymen began writing debate poems in Latin. The first example we have of the form is Conflictus Veris et Hiemis (Contention of Spring and Winter), which was written in the late eighth century and is commonly attributed to Alcuin. This poem formally marks the birth of medieval debate poetry and established a pattern for later poems of the genre – it is light hearted but slightly academic, the exchanges in it are few but succinct, the debate is carefully balanced and the issue at hand is resolved (Conlee XIII). At the time, a preoccupation with dichotomies in the world was evident in nearly every type of literature, but only debate poetry was devoted entirely to the exploration of these dichotomies. The idea was that every thing – whether it be concrete, abstract, alive or inanimate – had a natural and logical opposite, and this conception was only bolstered by the religious language being used by the Catholic church at the time. Oppositions abounded between things like the old and new testament, vice and virtue, sins of the spirit and sins of the flesh, good and evil, God and Satan, human and divine, redemption and damnation. Additionally, this conception was bolstered by the presence of overt dichotomies in the natural world, such as night and day, summer and winter, sea and land, male and female, sun and moon, youth and old age. The purpose of the debate poem, then, is to pit one of these things against its opposite. Virgil's Eclogues features two shepherds engaging in ""a game of wit"" (Garbaty, 555), and this may be an early form of the debate poems of later centuries. The style of debate depicted in Conflictus Veris et Hiemis can also be seen in the late 14th century Debate of the Body and Soul, where the narrator dreams about a corpse and its spirit arguing over who is responsible for their mutual damnation during life, with each asserting that the other led them astray. Beast fables were also well-known in late medieval England, including as The Bestiary and The Fox and the Wolf, some adapted from continental originals. Such animals are referred to in period literature and are depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry. The genre was dominated by European clergymen until the 12th century, and it wasn't until the 13th century that debate poetry began to flourish in many of the vernacular literatures of Europe, which it did until the 16th century. As the Middle Ages waned, so did the literary form of debate poetry. A small number of debate poems of questionable importance were produced during the Renaissance, and thus the debate poem is primarily a medieval phenomenon. Two well-known works in which the animals carry on intellectual debates are The Owl and the Nightingale (13th century), involving a dispute between two birds quarreling over who is more useful to man, and Geoffrey Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls (1382?). In the former the argument is loud and vindictive, with the nightingale condescendingly insulting the owl for having a toneless and depressing singing voice; the owl defends her voice as warning and correcting men, and in turns threatens the nightingale. In Chaucer's shorter and more sentimental poem, a formel (a female eagle) has three suitors who submit their cases to an assembly of birds; the birds all have different agendas and cannot reach a decision, and 'Nature' must finally intervene by giving the formel the right to choose her own spouse. In the end the formel opts to delay being married to anyone for a year. A similar and probably later poem is The Cuckoo and the Nightingale, by Sir John Clanvowe (1341-1391), a follower of Chaucer. This poem also continues the theme of moral dispute by featuring a cuckoo, symbol of female infidelity, debating the nightingale over love. The nightingale advocates love as an ethically uplifting emotion, while the cuckoo claims that love's arbitrariness damages people's lives. The poem ends with the human observer throwing a rock at the cuckoo and the nightingale rewarding him with happiness in marriage. Such poems may simply have been recorded or read for entertainment, or to convey a moral or religious lesson. The Owl and the Nightingale includes extended dialogues on rhetorical skills and has been seen as an instruction in (or possibly a parody of) the teaching of rhetorical technique. For example, both employ the medieval rhetorical tools of appealing to authority (by quoting Alfred the Great) and by attempting to goad the opponent into anger and then a mistake (stultiloquiem). During the eighth and ninth centuries, it was customary for students to debate their masters in schools and universities, and debates in litigation were likewise becoming more popular. These situations – which increased the relevance of the genre – were sometimes alluded to or parodied in debate poems. The fiery debate in The Owl and the Nightingale is ended with a wren intervening, but critics have variously argued that either the owl or the nightingale is better at employing rhetorical strategy. One critic, Kathryn Hume (in Cartlidge, XIX), suggests that the poem is itself a moralistic warning against pointless quarreling. Cartlidge, Neil. The Owl and the Nightingale (2001). Exeter, Devon: University of Exeter Press. Conlee, John W. Middle English Debate Poetry: A Critical Anthology (1991). East Lansing: Colleagues Press. Garbaty, Thomas J. Medieval English Literature (1984). Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.,  Medieval_debate_poetry  2010-05-25T13:58:41Z   Medieval debate poetry refers to a genre of poems popular in England and France during the late medieval period. Essentially, a debate poem depicts a dialogue between two natural opposites (e. g. sun vs. moon, winter vs. summer) . Although the particulars can vary considerably, this can function as a general definition of the literary form. The debates are necessarily emotionally charged, highlighting the contrasting values and personalities of the participants, and exposing their essentially opposite natures. On the surface, debate poems typically appear didactic, but under this often lies a genuine dialogue between two equally paired opponents. Debate poems were common in Mesopotamian Sumerian-language literature and were part of the tradition of Sassanid Persian literature. , continued in Islamic Persian literature The European debate poem first appeared as a literary form in the eighth and ninth centuries, during the Carolingian Renaissance. Beginning in the late ninth century, European clergymen began writing debate poems in Latin. The first example we have of the form is Conflictus Veris et Hiemis (Contention of Spring and Winter), which was written in the late eighth century and is commonly attributed to Alcuin . This poem formally marks the birth of medieval debate poetry and established a pattern for later poems of the genre – it is light hearted but slightly academic, the exchanges in it are few but succinct, the debate is carefully balanced and the issue at hand is resolved. At the time, a preoccupation with dichotomies in the world was evident in nearly every type of literature, but only debate poetry was devoted entirely to the exploration of these dichotomies. The idea was that every thing – whether it be concrete, abstract, alive or inanimate – had a natural and logical opposite, and this conception was only bolstered by the religious language being used by the Catholic church at the time. Oppositions abounded between things like the old and new testament, vice and virtue, sins of the spirit and sins of the flesh, good and evil, God and Satan, human and divine, redemption and damnation. Additionally, this conception was bolstered by the presence of overt dichotomies in the natural world, such as night and day, summer and winter, sea and land, male and female, sun and moon, youth and old age. The purpose of the debate poem, then, is to pit one of these things against its opposite. Virgil's Eclogues features two shepherds engaging in ""a game of wit"" , and this may be an early form of the debate poems of later centuries. The style of debate depicted in Conflictus Veris et Hiemis can also be seen in the late 14th century Debate of the Body and Soul, where the narrator dreams about a corpse and its spirit arguing over who is responsible for their mutual damnation during life, with each asserting that the other led them astray. Beast fables were also well-known in late medieval England, including as The Bestiary and The Fox and the Wolf, some adapted from continental originals. Such animals are referred to in period literature and are depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry. The genre was dominated by European clergymen until the 12th century, and it wasn't until the 13th century that debate poetry began to flourish in many of the vernacular literatures of Europe, which it did until the 16th century. As the Middle Ages waned, so did the literary form of debate poetry. A small number of debate poems of questionable importance were produced during the Renaissance, and thus the debate poem is primarily a medieval phenomenon . Two well-known works in which the animals carry on intellectual debates are The Owl and the Nightingale (13th century), involving a dispute between two birds quarreling over who is more useful to man, and Geoffrey Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls (1382?). In the former the argument is loud and vindictive, with the nightingale condescendingly insulting the owl for having a toneless and depressing singing voice; the owl defends her voice as warning and correcting men, and in turns threatens the nightingale. In Chaucer's shorter and more sentimental poem, a formel (a female eagle) has three suitors who submit their cases to an assembly of birds; the birds all have different agendas and cannot reach a decision, and 'Nature' must finally intervene by giving the formel the right to choose her own spouse. In the end the formel opts to delay being married to anyone for a year. A similar and probably later poem is The Cuckoo and the Nightingale, by Sir John Clanvowe (1341-1391), a follower of Chaucer. This poem also continues the theme of moral dispute by featuring a cuckoo, symbol of female infidelity, debating the nightingale over love. The nightingale advocates love as an ethically uplifting emotion, while the cuckoo claims that love's arbitrariness damages people's lives. The poem ends with the human observer throwing a rock at the cuckoo and the nightingale rewarding him with happiness in marriage. A poem in which two human, though allegorical, figures engage in a debate is the anonymous Wynnere and Wastoure (c. 1352), written in alliterative verse. Such poems may simply have been recorded or read for entertainment, or to convey a moral or religious lesson. The Owl and the Nightingale includes extended dialogues on rhetorical skills and has been seen as an instruction in (or possibly a parody of) the teaching of rhetorical technique. For example, both employ the medieval rhetorical tools of appealing to authority (by quoting Alfred the Great) and by attempting to goad the opponent into anger and then a mistake (stultiloquiem). During the eighth and ninth centuries, it was customary for students to debate their masters in schools and universities, and debates in litigation were likewise becoming more popular. These situations – which increased the relevance of the genre – were sometimes alluded to or parodied in debate poems. The fiery debate in The Owl and the Nightingale is ended with a wren intervening, but critics have variously argued that either the owl or the nightingale is better at employing rhetorical strategy. One critic, Kathryn Hume (in Cartlidge, XIX), suggests that the poem is itself a moralistic warning against pointless quarreling. Cartlidge, Neil. The Owl and the Nightingale (2001). Exeter, Devon: University of Exeter Press. Conlee, John W. Middle English Debate Poetry: A Critical Anthology (1991). East Lansing: Colleagues Press. Garbaty, Thomas J. Medieval English Literature (1984). Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.",0
Lucho Ayala,"Lucho Ayala  2013-10-12T04:40:54Z  Lucho Ayala is Filipino actor who made his debut GMA network First Time and fantasy series Indio when he played younger Juancho Sanreal who is master of Simon and Kahit Nasaan Ka Man as John,  Lucho Ayala  2014-10-20T06:01:11Z  Lucho Ayala is a Filipino actor who made his debut on GMA network's First Time and made a remarkable appearance on the fantasy series Indio when he played young Juancho Sanreal.",1
Kansas_City_Trucking_Co.,"Kansas_City_Trucking_Co. 2007-11-05T02:55:48Z   Kansas City Trucking Co. is a 1976 film about a young trucker's first experiences with gay sex. The film stars Richard Locke, Steve Boyd, and Jack Wrangler. Kansas City Trucking Co. is the first part of director Joe Gage's ""Working Man Trilogy"" that includes El Paso Wrecking Corp. (1978) and L. A. Tool and Die (1979). The film is considered a classic. The film opens with a flatbed speeding along a busy highway. The radio is playing and a voice is heard waxing enthusastic about committing one's life to Jesus Christ. Hank, a middle aged trucker (Richard Locke) mutters a profanity. Hank hauls the flatbed into the company terminal and heads for the garage. Jack, a dispatcher with the trucking firm, masturbates while looking at a girlie calendar in the garage. When Hank steps through the door, Jack closes his coveralls and tells him that a new man named Joe has been assigned to ride shotgun on a long haul to Los Angeles with him. Jack tells Hank to ""break Joe in"" but Hank wonders aloud if his job is actually to ""turn him out"" for Jack's future sexual pleasure. Jack smiles knowingly and then fellates Hank. Hank penetrates Jack anally. In the parking lot, Joe arrives at the terminal in a car driven by his girlfriend. They kiss farewell and Joe enters the terminal. It is obvious that Jack is attracted to the young man. After a few words with Jack and after verifying thir assignment, Hank and Joe hit the road in a blue and white cab-over Freightliner. A convertible driven by a cowboy acquaintance of Hank's passes the truck. The cowboy speeds ahead, picks up a hitcher and pulls his convertible into a wooded area. The hitcher kneels on the hood of the cowboy's car, masturbates, and ejaculates on the windshield. The cowboy performs analingus on the hitcher and then is fellated. Night falls and Joe is seen asleep in the passenger seat of truck's cab. He dreams of Jack, the dispatcher. In the dream, Jack is seen in a rest area masturbating beneath the streetlamps and leaning against a trash container. The next day, Joe flips through a girlie magazine as the truck travels along the highway. He becomes stimulated. Hank reaches over and caresses Joe's thigh and crotch. He suggests Joe ""drop a load"" and pulls the Freightliner into a rest area. Joe masturbates and ejaculates on the photographs in the magazine while Hank masturbates and ejaculates on the cab floor. Later, when the truck is on the road again, Joe dreams of Jack and fancies the man fellating him while pouring a bottle of beer over his loins. Later, as the truck rolls along the road, Joe falls asleep in the cab and has a sexual dream about Jack, the dispatcher. He dreams of the room at the terminal where he met Jack and fancies the man fellating him while pouring a bottle of beer over his loins. When Joe sees his girlfriend's face in the dream, he wakes with a start. As the truck rolls along, Hank glances out his side window to see two young football jersey wearing jocks in a convertible masturbating each other. The two stop at a shack on the road where a nude young man called the Desert Rat is standing in the doorway. The three men fellate and anally penetrate each other in various positions. As night falls and the Freightliner approaches Los Angeles, Hank pulls into a truckers' bunkhouse. Both men select bunks in the darkened dormitory. Hank opens the door and several truckers silently enter the room. Hank encourages Joe to masturbate and let the men watch. Joe masturbates while the men in the shadows begin to masturbate as well. Various sexual couplings occur. As Joe reaches his climax, he raises his head to see Jack, the dispatcher, enter the room. Jack and Hank masturbate together while Joe watches. Joe and Hank then share a bunk. Joe anally penetrates Hank. the men in the shadows surround the bunk and masturbate. Hank fellates several men. At the end, Joe is seen asleep in the bunk. Hank is heard calling him quietly. Joe's eyes open suddenly. ,  Kansas_City_Trucking_Co. 2009-04-09T19:28:56Z   Kansas City Trucking Co. is a 1976 gay pornographic film and the first in what has come to be known as director Joe Gage's ""Working Man Trilogy"". The film stars Richard Locke, Steve Boyd, and Jack Wrangler. Gage's ""Working Man Trilogy"" begins with Kansas City Trucking Co. (1976), continues with El Paso Wrecking Corp. (1978), and concludes with L. A. Tool & Die (1979). Hank, a trucker, turns out new hire Joe on a long haul to the West Coast. The men masturbate together while on the road and participate in an all-male orgy at a truckers' bunkhouse in Los Angeles. The films comprising ""Working Man Trilogy"" have been restored and are available on DVD.",0
"Čelopek,_Brvenica","Čelopek,_Brvenica  2008-10-18T10:17:32Z   Čelopek (Macedonian: Челопек, Albanian: Çellopeku) is a village in Republic of Macedonia. It is a part of the Brvenica municipality. ,  Čelopek,_Brvenica  2011-01-15T10:21:28Z   Čelopek (Macedonian: Челопек, Albanian: Çellopeku) is a village in Republic of Macedonia. It is a part of the Brvenica municipality. 42°14′N 21°50′E / 42. 233°N 21. 833°E / 42. 233; 21. 833",0
Alyssa Diaz,"Alyssa Diaz  2005-05-03T00:34:14Z  Alyssa is most famous for playing the role of ""Celia Ortega"" on the hit daytime soap opera As The World Turns on the CBS Television Network. She has really shown her might & charisma with playing the demanding soap opera role of Celia. She has to memorize pages upon pages of script during a normal work day, and she has really shown what it takes to be a soap opera actress. She was added to the opening credits earlier this year, which proved to be a huge milestone in her life. She sung in real life on the soap opera on the episode where she tried out for American Idol. Her love intrest on the show is co-star aZach Roerig who plays the role of ""Casey Hughes"". In real life they are good friends. She has been wildly popular with die-hard fans of the show. Look for her weekdays @ 2:00 pm on the CBS Television Network. ,  Alyssa Diaz  2006-11-25T20:44:01Z  Alyssa Diaz (born September 7, 1985 in Northridge, California) is an American actress. Diaz is best known for playing the role of Celia Ortega on the daytime soap opera As The World Turns from February 9, 2005 until her final appearance on August 10, 2005 when her character left town for Montega to be with her relatives.",1
"Edwina,_the_Dinosaur_Who_Didn't_Know_She_Was_Extinct","Edwina,_the_Dinosaur_Who_Didn't_Know_She_Was_Extinct  2007-11-05T06:42:17Z   Edwina, the Dinosaur Who Didn't Know She Was Extinct is a children's picture book by Mo Willems. It was released in 2006 by Hyperion Books. In the book, Edwina the dinosaur is well-loved by the people of her town due to her acts of kindness. However, a boy named Reginald Von Hoobie-Doobie tries to convince everyone that dinosaurs are supposed to be extinct. Eventually, Edwina appeases him with a fresh batch of cookies. The book was well-received, winning a National Parenting Publications Award in 2006. Steve Johnson of the Wichita Eagle declared, ""Willems has written a unique story every bit as good as the classic Danny and the Dinosaur. His illustrations are playful with bright colors and bold expressions. "" Lana Berkowitz of the Houston Chronicle called it ""a winner"", while The Courier-Journal's Jill Johnson Keeney said it was a ""worthy successor"" to Willems' earlier books, such as Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! and Knuffle Bunny: A Cautionary Tale. Explaining Reginald's last name to an interviewer, Willems said, ""'Hoobie-Doobie' is my generic fill-in for when I can't think of a word (as in 'Hand me the Hoobie-Doobie, please. '). Because I consistently blank on the English language, it's a phrase that is heard quite a bit around the house. My editor always giggles when I use the phrase, so I plopped it in as a place-holder when I pitched the story. "" This article about a children's book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Edwina,_the_Dinosaur_Who_Didn't_Know_She_Was_Extinct  2009-10-30T19:18:17Z   Edwina, the Dinosaur Who Didn't Know She Was Extinct is a children's picture book by Mo Willems. It was released in 2006 by Hyperion Books. In the book, Edwina the dinosaur is well-loved by the people of her town due to her acts of kindness. However, a boy named Reginald Von Hoobie-Doobie tries to convince everyone that dinosaurs are supposed to be extinct. Eventually, Edwina appeases him with a fresh batch of cookies. The book was well-received, winning a National Parenting Publications Award in 2006. Steve Johnson of the Wichita Eagle declared, ""Willems has written a unique story every bit as good as the classic Danny and the Dinosaur. His illustrations are playful with bright colors and bold expressions. "" Lana Berkowitz of the Houston Chronicle called it ""a winner"", while The Courier-Journal's Jill Johnson Keeney said it was a ""worthy successor"" to Willems' earlier books, such as Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! and Knuffle Bunny: A Cautionary Tale. Explaining Reginald's last name to an interviewer, Willems said, ""'Hoobie-Doobie' is my generic fill-in for when I can't think of a word (as in 'Hand me the Hoobie-Doobie, please. '). Because I consistently blank on the English language, it's a phrase that is heard quite a bit around the house. My editor always giggles when I use the phrase, so I plopped it in as a place-holder when I pitched the story. "" This article about a picture book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Energy_in_Venezuela,"Energy_in_Venezuela  2012-11-29T16:51:26Z   Energy in Venezuela describes energy and electricity production, consumption and export from Venezuela. Energy policy of Venezuela describes the energy policy in the politics of Venezuela more in detail. Electricity sector in Venezuela is the main article of electricity in Venezuela. Venezuela is a member of OPEC. By IEA the top oil producers in 2009 were (Mt): 1) Russia 494 2) Saudi Arabia 452 3) United States 320 4) Iran 206 5) China 194 6) Canada 152 7) Mexico 146 8) Venezuela 126 9) Kuwait 124 and 10) UAE 120 Main oil company is Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). Oil fields include Bolivar Coastal Field, Boscán Field, Maracaibo Basin and Orinoco Belt. Hydro power provided 74% of domestic electricity in 2008. Venezuela produced 87 TWh hydro power in 2008, 2. 6% of the world total. Venezuela was top 8th in hydro electricity in 2008.,  Energy_in_Venezuela  2014-03-12T14:11:25Z   Energy in Venezuela describes energy and electricity production, consumption and export from Venezuela. Energy policy of Venezuela describes the energy policy in the politics of Venezuela more in detail. Electricity sector in Venezuela is the main article of electricity in Venezuela. Venezuela is a member of OPEC. By IEA the top oil producers in 2009 were (Mt): 1) Russia 494 2) Saudi Arabia 452 3) United States 320 4) Iran 206 5) China 194 6) Canada 152 7) Mexico 146 8) Venezuela 126 9) Kuwait 124 and 10) UAE 120 Main oil company is Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). Oil fields include Bolivar Coastal Field, Boscán Field, Maracaibo Basin and Orinoco Belt. Hydro power provided 74% of domestic electricity in 2008. Venezuela produced 87 TWh hydro power in 2008, 2. 6% of the world total. Venezuela was top 8th in hydro electricity in 2008.",0
SS_Fürst_Bismarck_(1890),"SS_Fürst_Bismarck_(1890)  2009-02-13T01:19:13Z   The first SS Fürst Bismarck was an ocean liner built in 1890 by AG Vulcan for the Hamburg America Line. A steamship of 8,430 gross tons, it was assigned to transatlantic crossings between Hamburg Germany and New York, USA. A fast ship for her era, Fürst Bismarck usually made the trip in five to six days. A booklet released by the company in 1896 described Fürst Bismarck and her sister ships in the following terms: What first strikes the observer are the graceful lines which run from the sharp, straight, stem to the well-rounded stern. Three funnels rise from the hurricane deck, which, although of huge dimensions, only serve to bring out the symmetry of the whole. The COLUMBIA has three masts, the AGUSTE VICTORIA, FURST BISMARCK and NORMANNIA two, which are low and without yards, so as to offer the least resistance. So beautiful are the lines of these ships that it is difficult for the spectator to realize their immense size. These leviathans have a length of 465 to 525 feet, a width of 56 to 58 feet, and a depth of 38 to 40 feet; are of 7 578 to 8 874 tons register, and their engines develop the force of 23 000 to 16 000 horses. They have five decks, constructed solidly of steel and teak wood, the upper decks ending in strong turtle-backs at the bow and stern. These steamships are the largest and fastest ships of the German merchant marine. The first consideration which the builders had in view was that of absolute safety, and they have built ships which are practically unsinkable. Many novel features have been introduced to bring this about, of which the principal ones are here set forth. The new vessels have their whole working machinery duplicated. There are two distinct sets of boilers, two engines, two shafts, and two screws, both sets working independently of each other, and separated by a longitudinal bulkhead dividing the vessel into two non-communicating halves, each of which is fully equipped to propel the ship. This is the great principle of twin-screw steamships and the extraordinary degree of safety secured by this system is obvious, for an accident to one side of the ship can in nowise affect the other, whose machinery will continue to work and propel the ship with perfect ease and at a high rate of speed. Each side of the ship is again subdivided into numerous watertight compartments, which do not communicate with each other. The hull of the ship has a double bottom, the space between being divided into chambers, which can be filled with water or emptied by means of automatic pumps, thus increasing or decreasing the draught at will, and guarding against accidents from grounding. The enormous engines of 6 000 to 8 000 horsepower each. The screws are of manganese bronze, with three or four blades. In 1905, the ship became an auxiliary cruiser named Don in the Russian Navy. In 1906 she was assigned to the Russian Volunteer Fleet with the name Moskva. The vessel was seized by Italy during the First World War, rebuilt and renamed San Guisto. She was scrapped in Italy in 1924.,  SS_Fürst_Bismarck_(1890)  2009-11-18T16:15:22Z   The first SS Fürst Bismarck was an ocean liner built in 1890 by AG Vulcan for the Hamburg America Line. A steamship of 8,430 gross tons, it was assigned to transatlantic crossings between Hamburg Germany and New York, USA. Fürst Bismarck and the sister ships were part of an express fleet that usually made the trip in five to six days. The fleet of twin-screw express steamships operated between New York to Plymouth, Cherbourg and Hamburg, and from Hamburg, Southampton, and Cherbourg to New York. The fleet consisted of the SS Auguste Victoria and the SS Fürst Bismarck, built by the Vulcan Shipbuilding Company at Stettin, the SS Columbia, built by Laird Brothers, in Birkenhead, near Liverpool, and the SS Normannia built by the Fairfield Shipbuilding Company, in Glasgow. With these vessels the company maintained a weekly Transatlantic express service, offering the public the convenience of safe and comfortable travel between America and the European Continent. The SS Fürst Bismarck was designed with five decks constructed of steel and teak. The three funnels rose above the hurricane deck. The ship also had two masts, but without yards. Each side of the ship was subdivided into numerous watertight compartments. The hull of the ship had a double bottom, the space between divided into chambers, which could be filled with water or emptied by means of automatic pumps, thus increasing or decreasing the draught at will, and guarding the ship from grounding. The enormous engines of 6000 to 8000 horsepower each. The screws are of manganese bronze, with three or four blades. First class deck state rooms, located mid-ship, were 7 to 9 feet in width, with elaborate furnishings. Separate saloons for men and women allowed for privacy, smoking (gentlemen only), and conversation. The Second class rooms were on the same level as first class, but with most rooms located fore and aft, with smaller rooms and their own saloons. The steerage was directly below the Second Cabin; separate compartments housed single men, women, and families. The ship was 502. 6 feet long, and 57. 6 feet in breadth, and measured 8,430 gross tons. The vessels's machinery was duplicated, with two distinct sets of boilers, engines, shafts and screws, both sets working independently of each other. A longitudinal bulkhead divided the vessel into two non-communicating halves, each of which was fully equipped to propel the ship. Contemporary advertising promoted this design as safer than a single boiler compartment because of its numerous watertight compartments, and the ability of the ship to propel itself even if one side was disabled. Launched on November 29, 1890, the ship made its maiden run from Hamburg to New York, via Southhampton (England), on May 8, 1891. In the service of Hamburg America line (HAPAG) on September 27, 1894, 5 days, 18 hours, 10 minutes, with Captain Adolph Albers (1843–1902) at the helm. Albers, later Commodore of the Hamburg America fleet, held several speed records for trans Atlantic crossings before his death at the helm of the SS Deutschland in 1902. Between its maiden journey and 1894, the ship made 14&nspb;crossings, predominantly as an immigrant ship, and carrying American travelers to Europe on the return journey. On July 4, 1894, in honor of its many crossings and ""in memory of Muhlenberg, Herkimer, Steuben and Dekalb,"" the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Columbia Liberty Bell Company presented the ship, and its Captain, with a replica of the Liberty Bell, requesting that the ship's captain ordered it to be rung when the ship came in sight of the Navesink Highlands (by day) or Navesink Twin Lights (by night). After 1894, it was occasionally in use as a luxury cruise ship. HAPAG commissioned a second SS Fürst Bismarck (1905) in 1905. In 1904, the ship became the auxiliary cruiser the Don in the Russian Navy. In 1906, she was assigned to the Russian Volunteer Fleet with the name Moskva. In 1913, she became an depot ship in the Austrian Navy, the ""Gaea. "" The vessel was seized by Italy during the First World War, rebuilt and renamed San Guisto. She was scrapped in Italy in 1924.",0
Union_of_Kraków_and_Vilna,"Union_of_Kraków_and_Vilna  2008-05-12T19:51:45Z   Template:Disputed title Union of Kraków and Vilna (Polish: Unia krakowsko-wileńska) also known as Union of Vilnius (Polish: unia wileńska) was an agreement forming part of the Polish-Lithuanian union, signed in Cracow on 6 May 1499 and Vilnius on 24 July that year. After the death of Casimir IV Jagiellon in 1492 , John I Albert was elected to the Polish throne, and his brother, Alexander Jagiellon, became the Grand Duke of Lithuania. Thus the personal union was broken, as no longer one monarch hold the positions of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Nonetheless both brothers cooperated closely, and the union at that time can be described as a dynastic union. Nonetheless soon the 1490s saw a series of defeats for the Jagiellon dynasty; as the lack of cooperation and coordination cost all sides dearly. Thus both brothers agreed that the union should be tightened. The Union of Vilnius was based on the Union of Horodło of 1413 (although recognizing more of Grand Duchy's autonomy; in particular, there was no mention of incorporation of Lithuanian into Poland). In particular, it stressed that: The result of the Union of Vilnius was confirmation of the close alliance between the two countries. ,  Union_of_Kraków_and_Vilna  2010-08-21T22:04:14Z   The Union of Kraków and Vilna also known as Union of Vilnius was one of the agreements of the Polish–Lithuanian union. It was signed in Kraków by Polish nobility on 6 May 1499 and Vilnius by Lithuanian nobility on 24 July 1499. Casimir IV Jagiellon was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. In his last will Casimir stipulated that the two states would be ruled by separately two of his sons. Thus after his death in 1492, John I Albert was elected to the Polish throne, while the Lithuanian Council of Lords chose Alexander Jagiellon. Thus the personal union between Poland an Lithuania was broken. The union at that time could be described as a dynastic union. In late 1490s, Poland faced pressure from the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire, while Lithuania faced the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Ivan III of Russia claimed that he inherited rights to all Russian and Orthodox lands after the fall of the Byzantine Empire. His ambitions led to beginnings of the century-long Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars. After the Tatars invaded Volhynia and Podolia in late 1494, John Albert suggested a military and further political alliance to his brother Alexander. He agreed, but negotiations dragged until spring 1498, when the Tatars invaded Podolia and Galicia and took thousands of prisoners. Reacting to these threats and wishing to secure Lithuanian military assistance, Polish nobles agreed with all Lithuanian suggestions and demands. The Union of Vilnius was based on the Union of Horodło of 1413. It was an alliance of two equal states. It was agreed that future rulers of both countries would be chosen separately, but with consent of the other state. The Union also provided for mutual aid and assistance in various armed conflicts. Historian Tomas Baranauskas interpreted it as the most advantageous for Lithuania of all Polish–Lithuanian unions. However, almost immediately Polish nobles began protesting the union on a technicality – the act referenced the Union of Horodło, which they did not have available. This article about Belarusian history is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
World Darts Federation,"World Darts Federation  2007-01-07T19:50:45Z  The World Darts Federation (WDF) was formed in 1976, by representatives of fifteen (15) nations. Membership is open to the official National organizing body for Darts in all nations. Incorporated in the USA, as a world-wide federation of darts bodies, the WDF encourages the promotion of the Sport of Darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for Darts as a major Sport. ,  World Darts Federation  2008-12-23T20:31:49Z  The World Darts Federation (WDF) was formed in 1976, by representatives of fifteen (15) nations. Membership is open to the official National organizing body for Darts in all nations. The WDF encourages the promotion of the Sport of Darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for Darts as a major Sport. One of the member organisations is the British Darts Organisation (BDO), which is the official darts body for Britain, the leading darts country. It is one of two rival British darts organisations, the other being the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC), which runs its own world championship. While it is clear that the best female darts player is Trina Gulliver, having been No. 1 on eight consecutive occasions, it is more difficult to determine the best male player. No man has been No. 1 that many times in a row, although both Martin Adams and Raymond van Barneveld had held the position four times. The rankings for the men has become even more complex since the inception of the Profession Darts Corporation (PDC). The players from the PDC are not included in the rankings because the BDO, which is the British governing body, is the one that is registered with the WDF. The reason for the PDC existing is that the top 16 BDO players in 1993 disagreed with some aspects of the organisations running - so they split to form the PDC. At the time was called the World Darts Council, but it was forced to change it's name as it wasn't considered the world governing body - that was the WDF. Although domestic organisations run their own competitions, there are a selection run by the WDF. These are: These are all singles events , but there are also pairs competitions.",1
George_McLeay,"George_McLeay  2009-09-24T23:01:37Z   George McLeay (6 August 1892 – 14 September 1955) was an Australian politician. McLeay was born in Port Clinton, South Australia and educated at Port Clinton Public School until 1906 when he was sent to Adelaide where he continued his education at Unley Public School. At the outbreak of World War I, he was rejected for service in the First Australian Imperial Force and did civilian war work instead. He and his younger brother Jack—who also became a federal politician, as did his son, John—set up as accountants and agents and eventually became wholesale and retail merchants. In October 1924, he married Marcia Doreen Weston. At twenty McLeay joined the Liberal Union and in 1922 ran unsuccessfully for election for the seat of Adelaide in the House of Representatives. In the 1934 elections, he was elected to the Australian Senate. He was leader of the government in the Senate from November 1938 to October 1941 and Vice-President of the Executive Council from November 1938 to March 1940 and from October 1940 to October 1941. He was Minister for Commerce from April 1939 to March 1940 in the first Menzies Ministry and Minister for Trade and Customs from March to October 1940 in the second Menzies Ministry. He was Postmaster-General in the third Menzies Ministry from October 1940 until the fall of the government in August 1941 and Minister for Repatriation until June 1941 and Minister for Supply and Development from June to October 1941. McLeay was leader of the opposition in the Senate from 1941 until the end of his Senate term in June 1947. He was defeated in the 1946 elections, but re-elected to the Senate in 1949 elections. Robert Menzies appointed him Minister for Shipping and Fuel, in 1949, Minister for Shipping, Fuel and Transport in 1950 and Minister for Shipping and Transport in 1951. He energetically negotiated with shipowners and trade unions to improve the performance of the ports. In 1954 the Commonwealth Railways named a diesel locomotive after him - NSU 51. McLeay suffered from diabetes mellitus and was affected by excessive travel and he died from ischaemic heart disease at Calvary Hospital, North Adelaide, survived by his wife, son and daughter. Template:Persondata,  George_McLeay  2011-03-26T15:41:59Z   George McLeay (6 August 1892 – 14 September 1955) was an Australian politician and senior minister in the Robert Menzies Liberal government. McLeay was born in Port Clinton, South Australia and educated at Port Clinton Public School until 1906 when he was sent to Adelaide where he continued his education at Unley Public School. At the outbreak of World War I, he was rejected for service in the First Australian Imperial Force and did civilian war work instead. He and his younger brother Jack—who also became a federal politician, as did his son, John—set up as accountants and agents and eventually became wholesale and retail merchants. In October 1924, he married Marcia Doreen Weston. At twenty McLeay joined the Liberal Union and in 1922 ran unsuccessfully for election for the seat of Adelaide in the House of Representatives. In the 1934 elections, he was elected to the Australian Senate. He was leader of the government in the Senate from November 1938 to October 1941 and Vice-President of the Executive Council from November 1938 to March 1940 and from October 1940 to October 1941. He was Minister for Commerce from April 1939 to March 1940 in the first Menzies Ministry and Minister for Trade and Customs from March to October 1940 in the second Menzies Ministry. He was Postmaster-General in the third Menzies Ministry from October 1940 until the fall of the government in August 1941 and Minister for Repatriation until June 1941 and Minister for Supply and Development from June to October 1941. McLeay was leader of the opposition in the Senate from 1941 until the end of his Senate term in June 1947. He was defeated in the 1946 elections, but re-elected to the Senate in 1949 elections. Robert Menzies appointed him Minister for Shipping and Fuel, in 1949, Minister for Shipping, Fuel and Transport in 1950 and Minister for Shipping and Transport in 1951. He energetically negotiated with shipowners and trade unions to improve the performance of the ports. In 1954 the Commonwealth Railways named a diesel locomotive after him - NSU 51. McLeay suffered from diabetes mellitus and was affected by excessive travel and he died from ischaemic heart disease at Calvary Hospital, North Adelaide, survived by his wife, son and daughter. Template:Persondata",0
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2020-01-17T08:56:45Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the TEDA Holding (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club is one of the only four clubs that has stayed in the top tier for all fifteen seasons since the establishment of Chinese Super League, the other three being Shandong Luneng, Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club in 1956. The players were mainly from the United White team that lost to the United Red team in the finals of the 1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial. The club took part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however, short-lived, and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however, be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the club's management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995, while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club, and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It seemed like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did, winning the game 2–1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the players' wages, and it was not until the club's owner, Liu Huiwen, heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. In subsequent seasons they struggled and declined in the ranks, coming within one rank of relegation in the 2018 Chinese Super League. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Also, Tianjin Tianhai is considered their rivalry developed during recent years due to the separation of some Tianjinese fans. Currently, the two teams are using the same ground. As of 1 March 2019 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 1 March 2019 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2019 season. Key As of 1 January 2018 On neutral venue Tianjin TEDA F.C. score is counted first,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2021-12-26T01:04:51Z  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger Football Club is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin, and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium with a seating capacity of 54,696. The founding owners of the team are TEDA Holding (the sponsorship name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area), a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and were runners-up in the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club is one of only four clubs that has stayed in the top tier for all fifteen seasons since the establishment of the Chinese Super League, the other three being Shandong Luneng Taishan, Beijing Guoan, and Shanghai Shenhua. Notable players of the team include Yu Genwei and Li Weifeng. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China Football Team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin Football Team in 1956. The players were mainly from the United White team that lost to the United Red team in the finals of the 1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial. The club took part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing Football Team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to Bayi Football Team football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however, short-lived, and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however, be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the club's management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995, while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club, and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin TEDA F.C. for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It seemed like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai COSCO Sanlin on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did, winning the game 2–1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai COSCO Sanlin players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the players' wages, and it was not until the club's owner, Liu Huiwen, heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. In subsequent seasons they struggled and declined in the ranks, coming within one rank of relegation in the 2018 Chinese Super League. After a short comeback of 7th place in the 2019 season, their situation continued to get worse. Despite the efforts of firing German Uli Stielike and replacing him with Wang Baoshan to attempt for positive changes midway of the season, TEDA were placed last finishing the regular portion of the 2020 season, with a winless league season of only 3 draws. TEDA also became the first team in CSL history to suffer a winless season (excluding specialized playoffs in 2020 due to the occurrence of COVID-19). Additionally, this season is the worst season in terms of points for both TEDA and any team in CSL history. As an outcome, TEDA sparked the public anger of many of its fans. Plenty of them went on social media such as Weibo to criticize the team and expressing their deep dissatisfaction towards the players, the coach, as well as club officials. Nevertheless, they won two matches out of six relegation playoffs, which eventually earned them a surprising tenth place as their final position. Since the end of the 2020 season, series of reports revealed a fact that the team would be discontinued by the TEDA group. The team did not regroup for winter training, while players began to terminate their contract and move to other teams. Many claimed that their salaries were unpaid. On 28 February 2021, Tianjin Jinmen Tiger failed to submit entrance files for the 2020 season, when it came to a consensus that the team would possibly not participate in the 2021 CSL, although the team constantly remained silent about the issue. Then on 23 March, the day when the CFA was supposed to publish the entry list for the 2021 season, sources claimed that Tianjin Jinmen Tiger would re-submit necessary files for participation, while the publication was actually postponed. A few days later, Tianjin Tigers was officially listed among other 2021 CSL teams, indicating a dramatic revive. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C. and holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Jinmen Tiger and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China Football Team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Also, Tianjin Tianhai were considered their rivals developed during recent years due to the separation of some Tianjinese fans. The two teams used the same ground in 2019 season. Nevertheless, this rivalry came to an end followed by the dissolution of Tianhai in 2020. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 26 December 2020 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2020 season. Key As of 2020 season",1
Machaeranthera,"Machaeranthera  2014-06-17T03:21:45Z   ~35, see text Machaeranthera is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family which are known by the common name tansyaster. Tansyasters are variable in appearance. Some are small singular wildflowers while others are sprawling shrubs. Several species easily hybridize with each other as well, making identification difficult. In general, members of the genus may be identified by the sharp-pointed, dagger-shaped anthers in the disc florets at the center of the flower. The flower heads are usually daisylike and are usually a shade of purple or blue, but may be pink, yellow, or white. Tansyasters are native to western North America. The genus Machaeranthera is distinguished from the genus Dieteria by having once of twice pinnate leaves, whereas Dieteria has entire to toothed leaves. Species include: {{reflist]],  Machaeranthera  2014-12-03T23:57:25Z   Machaeranthera is a genus of North American flowering plants in the daisy family which are known by the common name tansyaster. Tansyasters are variable in appearance. Some are small singular wildflowers while others are sprawling shrubs. Several species easily hybridize with each other as well, making identification difficult. In general, members of the genus may be identified by the sharp-pointed, dagger-shaped anthers in the disc florets at the center of the flower. The flower heads are usually daisylike and are usually a shade of purple or blue, but may be pink, yellow, or white. Tansyasters are native to western North America. The genus Machaeranthera is distinguished from the genus Dieteria by having once or twice pinnate leaves, whereas Dieteria has entire to toothed leaves. ""Machaeranthera"" means ""swordlike anthers"".",0
FK Sloboda Užice,"FK Sloboda Užice  2021-01-07T07:27:24Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице), known as Sloboda Užice or simply Sloboda, is a professional Serbian football club from Užice. The name Sloboda means freedom or liberty in Serbian. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice's workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928–29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936–37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year later, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962–63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on 19 February 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the 1987–88 season by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991–92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Serbian League (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced it merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club played in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on 13 October 2011. In their first ever season, in the highest tier of Serbian football, they finished sixth, nine places off the relegation zone. They finished the 2011-12 Serbian SuperLiga season fifth and almost achieved Europa League qualifications. The 2012–13 Sloboda Užice season was the same they finished fifth for the second year straight. Also the 12–13 season will be remembered as the negative tradition breaking season. They won against FK Rad at home after 30 years, they achieved their first ever win over Serbian giants Red Star Belgrade away at Marakana, they won against FK Radnički Niš on Čair for the first time and they also won against FK Radnički 1923 away after 47 years. The following season the club got relegated from the SuperLiga on the final matchday after a 1–0 loss to Voždovac at home. Originally the club was meant to be playing in the Serbian League West in the 2016–17 season, with finishing 13th the previous season and getting relegated, but due to the exclusion of Sloga PM the club kept their First League status. In 2019, after five turbulent seasons in the First League, Sloboda got relegated to the Morava Zone League, fourth tier of Serbian football and was renamed in GFK Sloboda. The Užice City Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. In July 2013 it was announced that the stadium will have floodlights for the first time in club history. The first game under the floodlights was played against Partizan on September 14, 2013. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as Freedom Fighters (Serbian: Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also Slobodaši. They express their love for their city, club and region with many creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is "" Sloboda počinje"", which translates to ""Freedom begins"". Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 30 June 2020 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players. List of coaches. Other:,  FK Sloboda Užice  2022-12-27T12:55:29Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице) is a Serbian professional football club from Užice. They are currently playing in the Serbian First League, the second tier of Serbian football. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice's workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928–29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936–37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year later, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962–63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade's JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on 19 February 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the 1987–88 season by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991–92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Serbian League (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced it merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club played in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on 13 October 2011. In their first ever season, in the highest tier of Serbian football, they finished sixth, nine places off the relegation zone. They finished the 2011–12 Serbian SuperLiga season fifth and almost achieved Europa League qualifications. The 2012–13 Sloboda Užice season was the same they finished fifth for the second year straight. Also the 12–13 season will be remembered as the negative tradition breaking season. They won against FK Rad at home after 30 years, they achieved their first ever win over Serbian giants Red Star Belgrade away at Marakana, they won against FK Radnički Niš on Čair for the first time and they also won against FK Radnički 1923 away after 47 years. The following season the club got relegated from the SuperLiga on the final matchday after a 1–0 loss to Voždovac at home. Originally the club was meant to be playing in the Serbian League West in the 2016–17 season, with finishing 13th the previous season and getting relegated, but due to the exclusion of Sloga PM the club kept their First League status. In 2019, after five turbulent seasons in the First League, Sloboda got relegated to the Morava Zone League, fourth tier of Serbian football and was renamed in GFK Sloboda. In 2022, the club got promoted back to the First League, by winning the Serbian League West. The Užice City Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. In July 2013 it was announced that the stadium will have floodlights for the first time in club history. The first game under the floodlights was played against Partizan on 14 September 2013. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as ""Freedom Fighters"" (Serbian: Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also ""Slobodaši"". They express their love for their city, club and region with many creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is ""Sloboda počinje"" (lit. 'Freedom begins'). Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Updated 30 June 2020 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players. List of coaches. Other:",1
Massimo_Consoli,"Massimo_Consoli  2009-09-19T01:20:40Z   Massimo Consoli (12 December 1945 - 4 November 2007) was known as ""the father of the Italian gay movement"". Besides being an activist, he was also an anarchist and an historian. In 1998, the State Archive of Italy's Ministry of Culture acquired his extensive archive of Italian gay activist history. He wrote more than 30 books, mostly on gay issues, including works on German authors Karl Heinrich Ulrichs and Kurt Hiller. He was a close friend of American author and activist Vito Russo and Italian activist Mario Mieli. Consoli died on November 4, 2007 of colon cancer. This biography of an activist for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rights is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Massimo_Consoli  2011-05-16T14:40:02Z   Massimo Consoli (12 December 1945 - 4 November 2007) was known as ""the father of the Italian gay movement"". Besides being an activist, he was also an anarchist and an historian. In 1998, the State Archive of Italy's Ministry of Culture acquired his extensive archive of Italian gay activist history. He wrote more than 30 books, mostly on gay issues, including works on German authors Karl Heinrich Ulrichs and Kurt Hiller. He was a close friend of American author and activist Vito Russo and Italian activist Mario Mieli. Consoli died on November 4, 2007 of colon cancer. Template:Persondata This biography of an activist for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rights is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Richard_W._Richards,"Richard_W._Richards  2008-07-24T17:06:12Z   Richard Walter Richards, GC often referred to as Dick Richards, born at Bendigo, Victoria in 1893, was an Australian science teacher who joined Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition in December 1914 as a physicist with the Ross Sea Party under Captain Aeneas Mackintosh. Richards was barely 21 years old, and had just completed his studies at Melbourne University, when SY Aurora sailed. He was to outlive all other members of the expedition, and became the last survivor of the so-called ""Heroic Age"" of Antarctic exploration, dying at the age of 91 in 1985. On the ill-starred Ross Sea Party, Richards learned sledging and polar travel techniques from Ernest Joyce whom Richards admired. It was Richards who first noticed the disappearance of the Aurora during a gale on 6th May 1915, and coincidentally he was the first to sight her on her return, 20 months later. During the intervening period while the shore party was stranded, Richards participated in the harrowing march to the Beardmore Glacier, laying depots for Shackleton's expected trans-continental party, which of course never came. He observed the deaths of Arnold Spencer-Smith, Victor Hayward and Mackintosh during the journey back from the Beardmore, and was thereafter confined to his bunk for several weeks, suffering from exhaustion and depression. After rescue in January 1917, and his return to Australia, Richards taught at the School of Mines and Industry at Ballarat. After acting as a government adviser on optical apparatus during World War II he returned to Ballarat in 1948, as Principal of the College, retiring in 1958. During his later years he was frequently consulted by historians and chroniclers of polar exploration, often expressing his views in trenchant terms. He maintained the view that, though the depot-laying journey was ultimately unnecessary, it was not futile, but was a demonstration of what the human spirit could accomplish in adversity. Richard Richards was awarded the Albert Medal in 1923 for his efforts on the ice to save the lives of Spencer-Smith and Mackintosh, this award being converted in 1971 to the George Cross, an exchange offered to all Albert Medal holders then living. He is further commemorated by the Richards Inlet at 83°20′S 168°30′E / 83. 333°S 168. 500°E / -83. 333; 168. 500 , and also by the Richard W Richards Medal at the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. It is reported that Richards signed up for the expedition without any discussion of payment, amd that on his return he received the sum of £70.,  Richard_W._Richards  2009-09-24T02:54:17Z   Richard Walter Richards, GC often referred to as Dick Richards, born at Bendigo, Victoria in 1893, was an Australian science teacher who joined Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition in December 1914 as a physicist with the Ross Sea Party under Captain Aeneas Mackintosh. Richards was barely 21 years old, and had just completed his studies at Melbourne University, when SY Aurora sailed. He was to outlive all other members of the expedition, and became the last survivor of the so-called ""Heroic Age"" of Antarctic exploration, dying at the age of 91 in 1985. On the ill-starred Ross Sea Party, Richards learned sledging and polar travel techniques from Ernest Joyce whom Richards admired. It was Richards who first noticed the disappearance of the Aurora during a gale on 6 May 1915, and coincidentally he was the first to sight her on her return, 20 months later. During the intervening period while the shore party was stranded, Richards participated in the harrowing march to the Beardmore Glacier, laying depots for Shackleton's expected trans-continental party, which of course never came. He observed the deaths of Arnold Spencer-Smith, Victor Hayward and Mackintosh during the journey back from the Beardmore, and was thereafter confined to his bunk for several weeks, suffering from exhaustion and depression. After rescue in January 1917, and his return to Australia, Richards taught at the School of Mines and Industry at Ballarat. After acting as a government adviser on optical apparatus during World War II he returned to Ballarat in 1948, as Principal of the College, retiring in 1958. During his later years he was frequently consulted by historians and chroniclers of polar exploration, often expressing his views in trenchant terms. He maintained the view that, though the depot-laying journey was ultimately unnecessary, it was not futile, but was a demonstration of what the human spirit could accomplish in adversity. Richard Richards was awarded the Albert Medal in 1923 for his efforts on the ice to save the lives of Spencer-Smith and Mackintosh, this award being converted in 1971 to the George Cross, an exchange offered to all Albert Medal holders then living. He is further commemorated by the Richards Inlet at 83°20′S 168°30′E / 83. 333°S 168. 500°E / -83. 333; 168. 500 , and also by the Richard W Richards Medal at the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. It is reported that Richards signed up for the Trans-Antarctic Expedition without any discussion of payment, and that on his return he received the sum of £70.",0
How_to_Make_a_Bird,"How_to_Make_a_Bird  2011-02-09T22:55:59Z   How to Make a bird by Martine Murray is a children's novel which centres on a young adolescent girl called Mannie. Mannie has faced a myriad of losses and challenges throughout her short life. Little by little they begin to make her question her identity. In order to escape her insecurities about who she is Mannie decides to embark on a journey of self-discovery, enlightenment and acceptance. Get Some ‘How to Make a Bird’ is set in a variety of locations. One of the primary places in which the story takes place is a small country town somewhere near Castlemaine and Harcourt in Victoria. It is in this town that Mannie grows up and faces various hardships. The other main setting is Melbourne. This is where Mannie goes when she runs away. ,  How_to_Make_a_Bird  2011-05-23T17:06:58Z   How to Make a bird by Martine Murray is a children's novel which centres on a young adolescent girl called Mannie. Mannie has faced a myriad of losses and challenges throughout her short life. Little by little they begin to make her question her identity. In order to escape her insecurities about who she is Mannie decides to embark on a journey of self-discovery, enlightenment and acceptance. ‘How to Make a Bird’ is set in a variety of locations. One of the primary places in which the story takes place is a small country town somewhere near Castlemaine and Harcourt in Victoria. It is in this town that Mannie grows up and faces various hardships. The other main setting is Melbourne. This is where Mannie goes when she runs away.",0
La La Anthony,"La La Anthony  2012-03-21T13:29:27Z  Alani Vazquez Anthony (born June 25, 1979) is an American actress, disc jockey, and television personality. Vazquez's parents were both Nuyorican. They lived in Brooklyn, where Alani, Vazquez's brother, and her two sisters were born. As a child, Vazquez was involved in many activities, but music was her main interest. In Atlanta, Vazquez worked as a programming assistant at WHTA radio. While a student at Redan High School, she received her first big break with her debut in a radio show, alongside Ludacris, called Future Flavas. After working for some time at the station, she decided to relocate to Washington, D.C., where she attended Howard University and studied Communications. While at Howard, she worked as a disc jockey at WHUR, the campus radio station. In 1999, she moved to Los Angeles, California, and went to work at KKBT radio. There, she was noticed by MTV and was invited to audition, although was not called back until a year after the audition. She was the co-host of MTV's Direct Effect and Total Request Live. She has also hosted the reunion specials for all seasons of VH1's Flavor of Love, both seasons of I Love New York, the first season of Real Chance of Love, the first season of Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School and For the Love of Ray J. In addition, she often introduced stories on MTV's High School Stories and she appeared as a dean on VH1's Charm School with Ricki Lake. Vazquez made her film debut in 2001 in Two Can Play That Game. Her other film credits include Urban Massacre (2002), Monster Island (2003), and You Got Served. Vazquez became engaged to Carmelo Anthony on Christmas Day 2004. Their son, Kiyan Carmelo Anthony, was born on March 7, 2007. They were married by Michael Eric Dyson on July 10, 2010 at Cipriani's in New York before 320 guests, including Justin Timberlake, Kim Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian, Lamar Odom, Ciara, Trina, Chris Paul, Amar'e Stoudemire, Serena Williams, Kenyon Martin, Hakim Warrick, Jim Boeheim, Ludacris, Kelly Rowland, Spike Lee, and LeBron James. The ceremony was filmed by VH1 and aired as part of a reality series on the couple, titled La La's Full Court Wedding. ,  La La Anthony  2013-12-26T01:00:17Z  Alani ""La La"" Anthony (née Vazquez; born June 25, 1979) is an American disc jockey, television personality, and actress. Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, she attended Piscataway High School as a teenager. In the early 2000s, Vazquez came to prominence as an MTV VJ on Total Request Live. Vazquez, along with her brother and two sisters, were born in Brooklyn. Her parents are both Puerto Rican, and she has described herself as ""Afro-Puerto Rican"". As a child, Vazquez was involved in many activities, but music was her main interest. In Atlanta, Vazquez worked as a programming assistant at WHTA radio. While a student in high school, she received her first big break with her debut in a radio show, alongside Ludacris, called Future Flavas. After working for some time at the station, she decided to relocate to Washington, D.C., where she attended Howard University and studied Communications. While at Howard, she worked as a disc jockey at WHUR, the campus radio station. In 1999, she moved to Los Angeles, California, and went to work at KKBT radio. There, she was noticed by MTV and was invited to audition, although was not called back until a year after the audition. She was the co-host of MTV's Direct Effect and Total Request Live. She has also hosted the reunion specials for all seasons of VH1's Flavor of Love, both seasons of I Love New York, the first season of Real Chance of Love, the first season of Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School and For the Love of Ray J. In addition, she often introduced stories on MTV's High School Stories and she appeared as a dean on VH1's Charm School with Ricki Lake. Vazquez made her film debut in 2001 in Two Can Play That Game. Her other film credits include Urban Massacre (2002), Monster Island (2004), You Got Served (2004) and Think Like a Man (2012). On February 2, 2012, she launched MOTIVES by La La, at the Market America World Conference at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. Inspired to create a cosmetic line for women of color ranging in color variation, her cosmetic line consists of multiple products for face, cheeks, eyes, lips and nails. Each products name was composed from a life experience. All products are mineral based and prices range from $16 to $40. LaLa launched her personal website, IamLaLa.com, in April 2012. The site is an interactive community for her fans and friends focusing on fashion, hair and beauty, pop culture, family life, and relationships. Vazquez became engaged to basketball player Carmelo Anthony on Christmas Day 2004. Their son, Kiyan Carmelo Anthony, was born on March 7, 2007. They were married by Michael Eric Dyson on July 10, 2010 at Cipriani's in New York before 320 guests. The ceremony was filmed by VH1 and aired as part of a reality series on the couple, titled La La's Full Court Wedding. The couples life together is chronicled on their continuation series, La La's Full Court Life.",1
Diablo Canyon Power Plant,"Diablo Canyon Power Plant  2006-02-01T12:18:37Z  The Diablo Canyon Power Plant has two Westinghouse-designed 4-Loop pressurized-water nuclear reactors operated by Pacific Gas & Electric. The facility is located on about 903 acres (3.7 km²) in Avila Beach, California. Together, the twin 1,100 megawatt reactors produce about 18,000 GWh of electricity annually, supplying the electrical needs of more than 2.2 million people. Diablo Canyon is designed to withstand an earthquake of .75 gs from four faults, including the San Andreas and Hosgri faults. Equipped with advanced seismic monitoring and safety systems, the plant is designed to shutdown safely in the event of significant ground motion. The plant draws its secondary cooling water from the Pacific Ocean, and during heavy storms both units are throttled back to 80% power to prevent kelp from entering the cooling water intake. Unit One is a 1,087MEe Pressurized Water Reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It came online on November 2, 1984 and is licensed to operate through September 22, 2021. In 2003, Unit one generated 9,585,431 Megawatthours of electricity, at a capacity factor of 100.4%. Unit Two is a 1,087 MEe Pressurized Water Reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It came online on August 26, 1985 and is licensed to operate through April 26, 2025. In 2003, Unit two generated 7,699,608 megawatthours of electricity, at a capacity factor of 80.6%. ,  Diablo Canyon Power Plant  2007-12-29T05:54:16Z  The Diablo Canyon Power Plant is an electricity-generating nuclear power plant in San Luis Obispo County, California. The plant has two Westinghouse-designed 4-Loop pressurized-water nuclear reactors operated by Pacific Gas & Electric. The facility is located on about 750 acres (3.7 km²) in Avila Beach, California. Together, the twin 1,100 megawatt reactors produce about 18,000 GWh of electricity annually, supplying the electrical needs of more than 2.2 million people, sent along the Path 15 500 kV lines that connect to this plant. Diablo Canyon is designed to withstand an earthquake of 7.5 on the Richter scale from four faults, including the nearby San Andreas and Hosgri faults. Equipped with advanced seismic monitoring and safety systems, the plant is designed to shutdown safely in the event of significant ground motion. The plant draws its secondary cooling water from the Pacific Ocean, and during heavy storms both units are throttled back by 80% to prevent kelp from entering the cooling water intake. Unit One is a 1,122MWe pressurized water reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It went online on 2 November 1984 and is licensed to operate through 22 September 2021. In 2006, Unit One generated 9,944,983 MWhr of electricity, at a capacity factor of 101.2%. Unit Two is a 1,118 MWe pressurized water reactor supplied by Westinghouse. It went online on 26 August 1985 and is licensed to operate through 26 April 2025. In 2006, Unit Two generated 8,520,000 MWhr of electricity, at a capacity factor of 88.2%. Diablo Canyon was built and pressed into service despite legal challenges and civil disobedience from the anti-nuclear protesters of the Abalone alliance. Pacific Gas & Electric Company went through six years of hearings, referendums and litigation to have the Diablo Canyon plant approved. The chief concern about the plant was whether it was sufficiently earthquake-proof. The site was deemed safe when construction started in 1968. But by the time of the plant's completion in 1973, a seismic fault had been discovered two miles out to sea, a fault capable of generating a quake comparable to the one that destroyed San Francisco in 1906. The company responded by strengthening the building.",1
"Andy Cook (footballer, born 1990)","Andy Cook (footballer, born 1990)  2019-01-05T16:29:16Z  Andrew Cook (born 18 October 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Walsall. He started his professional career with Carlisle United in the Football League in 2009, and found himself on the fringes of the first team but instead he spent numerous loan spells with Workington and Barrow where he featured regularly. He departed Carlisle in 2011 to join Barrow having failed to make an appearance in United's first team and in June 2012 he moved again joining Grimsby Town. After establishing himself as a first team regular at Grimsby he moved back west, for his 4th stint with Barrow. He would find his most prolific goal-scoring form yet in these two seasons, scoring 47 goals in 87 league appearances, which earned him a move to fellow National League side Tranmere Rovers. His time at Tranmere, when he scored 51 goals in 97 appearances, winning him the divisional Golden Boot award, ended in 2018 with a 2-1 victory in the National League play-off final. He left Tranmere at the end of his contract and joined Sky Bet League One outfit Walsall. Born in Bishop Auckland, County Durham, Cook started his career with the Carlisle United youth system where he was awarded a scholarship and signed a full-time professional contract, scoring 22 goals in his first season at Brunton Park, and 37 goals in his second season for the club's youth and second-string during the 2008–09 season. Having signed pro terms Cook was loaned out to Conference North side Workington on an initial one-month loan, but remained there for the rest of the campaign. Cook also rejoined Workington the following season on a one-month loan. In October 2009 he joined Conference National side Barrow on an initial one-month loan. He made a scoring debut for the Bluebirds when he netted in the 2–0 win over Ebbsfleet United on 17 October 2009. He scored another goal on 7 November 2009 in the 2–1 first-round FA Cup victory over Eastleigh. He made 3 appearances during his initial loan spell, scoring twice, Cook returned for a second spell almost immediately but broke his foot against AFC Wimbledon, resulting in him taking no more part in the season, he headed back to Carlisle United to recover. He returned to Barrow at the start of the 2010–11 season on one-month loan before making a permanent move in January 2010 signing a two-and-a-half-year deal on a free transfer. . Cook was used mainly as a substitute for the majority of the season. Cook scored just one goal all season, an equaliser from just outside the box in the 3–2 defeat against Crawley Town. Cook scored his first three goals and also his first hat-trick in a 4–0 win against the previously unbeaten Fleetwood Town. After receiving a red card in a 1–0 win against Lincoln, Cook returned for the bluebirds after serving a three match suspension and scored his second hat-trick in the 3–1 home win against Hayes & Yeading United on 15 October 2011. On 7 January Cook scored a brace in the 3–0 home thrashing of Darlington. Two more goals were to follow on 21 January 2012 in the 2–3 win at Tamworth. On 18 February 2012 Cook scored another 2 goals in the 3–0 victory against Kettering. On 28 April 2012, Cook scored his final goal for Barrow in the 3–1 victory against Newport finishing the 2011–12 season with 17 goals in 39 appearances making him the club's top scorer. Cook signed a two-year contract with the option of a further year with Conference National side Grimsby Town on 6 June 2012, having agreed a compensation deal with Barrow for an undisclosed fee. Cook played 120 minutes at Wembley in the FA Trophy final against Wrexham; he scored to put The Mariners ahead before eventually falling short in a penalty shootout. Cook finished the season with 16 goals in all competitions. On 9 May 2014 Cook was released by The Mariners, both his seasons with the club ended in Play-off semi-final defeats. On 30th June 2014 Cook returned to former club Barrow, penning a two-year deal. On 1st July 2016 Cook signed for Tranmere on a 2-year deal. Cook was Tranmere's top scorer in both his seasons at Prenton Park, helping Tranmere to a record points total of 95 in 2016-17 and then promotion into the Football League in 2017-18. Cook won the National League Golden Boot as the top scorer in the league for 2017-18. His final goal in a Tranmere shirt was the first goal in Tranmere's 2-1 victory over Boreham Wood in the 2018 National League play-off final. On 22nd May 2018, it was announced that Cook would be signing for Walsall on a 2-year contract, linking up with former Wrexham manager, Dean Keates. Cook scored on his EFL debut, a rebound from a penalty in a 2-1 home victory against Plymouth Argyle. On 4 June 2013 Cook made his debut for the England C team in a 6–1 win away at Bermuda. ,  Andy Cook (footballer, born 1990)  2020-12-05T21:12:05Z  Andrew Ellis Cook (born 18 October 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Mansfield Town. He started his professional career with Carlisle United in the Football League in 2009, and found himself on the fringes of the first team but instead he spent numerous loan spells with Workington and Barrow where he featured regularly. He departed Carlisle in 2011 to join Barrow having failed to make an appearance in United's first team and in June 2012 he moved again joining Grimsby Town. After establishing himself as a first team regular at Grimsby he moved back west, for his 4th stint with Barrow. He would find his most prolific goal-scoring form yet in these two seasons, scoring 47 goals in 87 league appearances, which earned him a move to fellow National League side Tranmere Rovers. His time at Tranmere, when he scored 51 goals in 97 appearances, winning him the divisional Golden Boot award, ended in 2018 with a 2–1 victory in the National League play-off final. He left Tranmere at the end of his contract and joined League One club Walsall. Born in Bishop Auckland, County Durham, Cook started his career with the Carlisle United youth system where he was awarded a scholarship and signed a full-time professional contract, scoring 22 goals in his first season at Brunton Park, and 37 goals in his second season for the club's youth and second-string during the 2008–09 season. Having signed pro terms Cook was loaned out to Conference North side Workington on an initial one-month loan, but remained there for the rest of the campaign. Cook also rejoined Workington the following season on a one-month loan. In October 2009 Cook joined Conference National side Barrow on an initial one-month loan. He made a scoring debut for the Bluebirds when he netted in the 2–0 win over Ebbsfleet United on 17 October 2009, he scored another goal on 7 November 2009 in the 2–1 first-round FA Cup victory over Eastleigh. He made 3 appearances during his initial loan spell, scoring twice, Cook returned for a second spell almost immediately but broke his foot against AFC Wimbledon, resulting in him taking no more part in the season, he headed back to Carlisle United to recover. Cook returned to Barrow at the start of the 2010–11 season on a one-month loan before making a permanent move in January 2010 signing a two-and-a-half-year deal on a free transfer. Cook was used mainly as a substitute for the majority of the season. Cook scored just one goal all season, an equaliser from just outside the box in the 3–2 defeat against Crawley Town. Cook scored his first three goals and also his first hat-trick in a 4–0 win against the previously unbeaten Fleetwood Town. After receiving a red card in a 1–0 win against Lincoln, Cook returned for the bluebirds after serving a three match suspension and scored his second hat-trick in the 3–1 home win against Hayes & Yeading United on 15 October 2011. On 7 January Cook scored a brace in the 3–0 home thrashing of Darlington. Two more goals were to follow on 21 January 2012 in the 2–3 win at Tamworth. On 18 February 2012, Cook scored another 2 goals in the 3–0 victory against Kettering. On 28 April 2012, Cook scored his final goal for Barrow in the 3–1 victory against Newport finishing the 2011–12 season with 17 goals in 39 appearances making him the club's top scorer. Cook signed a two-year contract with the option of a further year with Conference National side Grimsby Town on 6 June 2012, having agreed a compensation deal with Barrow for an undisclosed fee. Cook played 120 minutes at Wembley in the FA Trophy final against Wrexham; he scored to put The Mariners ahead before eventually falling short in a penalty shootout. Cook finished the season with 16 goals in all competitions. On 9 May 2014, Cook was released by The Mariners, both his seasons with the club ended in Play-off semi-final defeats. On 30 June 2014, Cook returned to former club Barrow, penning a two-year deal. On 1 July 2016, Cook signed for Tranmere on a two-year deal. Cook was Tranmere's top scorer in both his seasons at Prenton Park, helping Tranmere to a record points total of 95 in 2016-17 and then promotion into the Football League in 2017–18. Cook won the National League Golden Boot as the top scorer in the league for 2017–18. His final goal in a Tranmere shirt was the first goal in Tranmere's 2–1 victory over Boreham Wood in the 2018 National League play-off final. On 22 May 2018, it was announced that Cook would be signing for Walsall on a two-year contract, linking up with former Wrexham manager, Dean Keates. Cook scored on his EFL debut, a rebound from a penalty in a 2–1 home victory against Plymouth Argyle. Cook joined Mansfield Town on 21 June 2019 for an undisclosed fee on a two-year contract. Despite scoring 7 goals in his first 10 games for Mansfield, he was loaned out to former club Tranmere Rovers on 31 January 2020. On 4 June 2013, Cook made his debut for the England C team in a 6–1 win away at Bermuda. Grimsby Town Barrow Tranmere Rovers Individual",1
Ray_Prins,"Ray_Prins  2009-12-23T17:28:52Z   Ray Prins (born April 15, 1951 in Lacombe) is a Canadian politician and current Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, representing the constituency of Lacombe-Ponoka as a Progressive Conservative. Prins was born April 15, 1951 in Lacombe, Alberta. After high school, he worked a variety of agriculture and construction jobs, including two years in oilfield construction northeast of Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, and a year in refinery maintenance in Edmonton. In 1974, Prins bought a farm near Gull Lake, Alberta where he grew grain and hay, and raised cattle, hogs, elk and bison. Prins was elected to a second term representing the constituency of Lacombe-Ponoka in the 2008 provincial election, where he received 58 per cent of the vote. The constituency race garnered national media attention with Green Party candidate Joe Anglin thought by many to be the Alberta Green's best chance at earning its first seat in a provincial legislature. Anglin took 23 per cent of the March 2008 vote. Currently, Prins is chair of the Policy Field Committee on Resources and Environment, and the Standing Committee on Privileges and Elections, Standing Orders and Printing. He is also a member of the Treasury Board and the Cabinet Policy Committee on Resources and the Environment. Prins was first elected in 2004, when he received 53 per cent of the vote in his constituency. Since being elected, Prins has sat on numerous committees. He has chaired the Seniors Advisory Council, MLA Task Force for Seniors, the Review of Local Authorities Election Act and Rural Development Strategy. He has also served as deputy chair of the Public Accounts Committee. Prior to entering provincial politics, Prins was reeve of Lacombe County from 2001 to 2004. He was a founding member of the North Red Deer River Regional Water Services Commission (2004), a process he saw to completion as an MLA. He has also served as chair of the Lacombe County Agricultural Service Board. Prins lives near Gull Lake, Alberta with his wife, Pauline. The couple has four grown children and two grandsons, Gideon and Jonathan. He is a member of Woodynook Christian Reformed Church in Blackfalds, Alberta, past chair of the Lacombe Christian School Board and former vice-chair of King’s University College Board of Governors. Prins has volunteered on community developing trips to Mali, Kenya, Russia and Armenia. He also participated in a project building water systems throughout rural Sierra Leone, where he was named an honorary Kuranko tribesman. Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Canadian Alliance/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Green/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/NDP/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Canadian Alliance/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Social Credit/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/NDP/row This article about an Alberta politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Ray_Prins  2011-12-29T12:46:31Z   Ray Prins (born April 15, 1951 in Lacombe) is a Canadian politician and current Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, representing the constituency of Lacombe-Ponoka as a Progressive Conservative. Prins was born April 15, 1951 in Lacombe, Alberta. After high school, he worked a variety of agriculture and construction jobs, including two years in oilfield construction northeast of Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, and a year in refinery maintenance in Edmonton. In 1974, Prins bought a farm near Gull Lake, Alberta where he grew grain and hay, and raised cattle, hogs, elk and bison. Prins was elected to a second term representing the constituency of Lacombe-Ponoka in the 2008 provincial election, where he received 58 per cent of the vote. The constituency race garnered national media attention with Green Party candidate Joe Anglin thought by many to be the Alberta Green's best chance at earning its first seat in a provincial legislature. Anglin took 23 per cent of the March 2008 vote. Currently, Prins is chair of the Policy Field Committee on Resources and Environment, and the Standing Committee on Privileges and Elections, Standing Orders and Printing. He is also a member of the Treasury Board and the Cabinet Policy Committee on Resources and the Environment. Prins was first elected in 2004, when he received 53 per cent of the vote in his constituency. Since being elected, Prins has sat on numerous committees. He has chaired the Seniors Advisory Council, MLA Task Force for Seniors, the Review of Local Authorities Election Act and Rural Development Strategy. He has also served as deputy chair of the Public Accounts Committee. Prior to entering provincial politics, Prins was reeve of Lacombe County from 2001 to 2004. He was a founding member of the North Red Deer River Regional Water Services Commission (2004), a process he saw to completion as an MLA. He has also served as chair of the Lacombe County Agricultural Service Board. Prins lives near Gull Lake, Alberta with his wife, Pauline. The couple has four grown children and two grandsons, Gideon and Levi. He is a member of Woodynook Christian Reformed Church in Blackfalds, Alberta, past chair of the Lacombe Christian School Board and former vice-chair of King’s University College Board of Governors. Prins has volunteered on community developing trips to Mali, Kenya, Russia and Armenia. He also participated in a project building water systems throughout rural Sierra Leone, where he was named an honorary Kuranko tribesman. Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Canadian Alliance/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Green/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/NDP/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Canadian Alliance/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Social Credit/row Template:Canadian politics/party colours/NDP/row Template:Persondata This article about an Alberta politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Canal_10_(Uruguay),"Canal_10_(Uruguay)  2009-12-23T21:42:36Z   Saeta TV Channel 10, founded in 1956 by Raul Fontaina, is the first Uruguayan television channel, and the fourth based on Latin America, the acronym means SAETA Sociedad Anónima de Emisoras de Televisión y Anexos. Raul Fontaina, broadcaster of great path from the direction of Radio Carve, was the pioneer who one day happened to go a step further. In 1949, at the headquarters of ANDEBU, he created the founding statute of SAETA. And seven years later, after numerous tests, the station officially began broadcasting. The first picture emerged of a warehouse on blocks, wood and veneers located at the site of the First National Exhibition of Production (today cylinder Hall). It was generated through a single chamber of 90 kg (managed by Jorge Severino), a team of 100 power and an antenna 45 m, installed on an old water tank. At 6:30 pm on December 7, 1956, the picture was seen and Raul Fontaina was heard saying (h): ""Ladies and gentlemen, from that moment, Saeta TV Channel 10 is in the air . . . "" It then broadcast the National Anthem, ministers Hector Grauert and Fermin Sorhueta spoke and programming started with documentaries supplied by various European embassies, educational films, the News American, and so on. All other content was aired live, even commercials. The first faces that appeared on the screen, were Charles Giacosa, Mario Fonticiella, Victor Hugo Pedroso, Barrett Puig and Cristina Moran. All of them came from the radio, in a country which at the time had no film industry, and therefore had not cultivated the language of images. Eight years later, the institution-building was manifested through the acquisition and refurbishment of premises where Fontaina had worked as a barracks painter (local topped by Carmel Empire), on the street Tacuarembó 1234 (today Carnelli Lawrence), who was being successively extended by the annexation of several properties and is the current location of Channel 10. Time then erected the tower 187 meters (raised through efforts of Milton Fontaina, another son of Don Raul), which since then is a prominent landmark of the urban landscape of Montevideo. In other words, the foundation and subsequent development of SAETA, was due to the joint effort of the Fontaina family until 1970, when it left Raul Fontaina (h) office manager, assuming the same Juan Enrique De Feo, who until then had remained at the forefront of Radio Carve alongside Raul Fontaina gift (as Omar Defeo recounts in his book ""The crazy from the roof""). In January 1995, Channel 10, along with Equital SA, founded a cable operator called TCC, which is just around the canal. In 1991, based on Maldonado, Channel 7, which functions as a repeater of Channel 10, with a tele-flash informative own every 1 hour. On October 10, 1996, with the movie Malcolm X, issued in the Stream ""Festival"", began broadcasting in stereo, and so far, the only channel open in Uruguayan to use this form of broadcast. In 2004, the station affiliated with the News Corporation, which operates Fox. Since 2004, Saeta is another conglomerate over the News. The highest percentage of Channel 10 owners are Uruguayans (95%). This station has two producers performing much of their programs, these are: Media Oz, and ZUR Infotainment. Channel 10's transmitting antenna, measuring 187 meters in height, is called the Saeta tower. It was built and inaugurated some time after the channel moved to its current address. It stems from the idea and subsequent efforts of Milton Fontaina. Today it is the highest structure in Montevideo, and can be seen from many parts of the city. Over the past 5 years, Channel 12, of Uruguay, rent a portion of the antenna to transmit their programming. In the year 2006 the channel signed a contract with film companies: Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Paramount and Dreamworks, to transmit the most recent releases of these film companies. These releases are already being cast in ""Film Festival"", a program that airs Monday at 9:00 pm. A person specializing in film on Channel 10 is Jackie Rodriguez Stratta, for many years in Saeta. It was the first channel to create a talent competition, in 1996, by virtue of its 40 years. Then Channel 4 did the same in 2004, and in 2006, celebrating its 50 years of new Channel 10 conducted a contest called CONTA, which was to create: series, novels, cartoons, etc. , all of this for CONTA and Channel 10 . In 2007 premiered the first prize in the national series: ""Flat 8. "" The 5-Setiembre/2007 premiered another production CONTA called History Clinic. ,  Canal_10_(Uruguay)  2011-08-05T13:43:33Z   Saeta TV Channel 10, founded in 1956 by Raul Fontaina, is the first Uruguayan television channel, and the fourth based on Latin America, the acronym means SAETA Sociedad Anónima de Emisoras de Televisión y Anexos. Raul Fontaina, broadcaster of great path from the direction of Radio Carve, was the pioneer who one day happened to go a step further. In 1949, at the headquarters of ANDEBU, he created the founding statute of SAETA. And seven years later, after numerous tests, the station officially began broadcasting. The first picture emerged of a warehouse on blocks, wood and veneers located at the site of the First National Exhibition of Production, The Municipal Cylinder. It was generated through a single chamber of 90 kg (managed by Jorge Severino), a team of 100 power and an antenna 45 m, installed on an old water tank. At 6:30 pm on December 7, 1956, the picture was seen and Raul Fontaina was heard saying (h): ""Ladies and gentlemen, from that moment, Saeta TV Channel 10 is in the air . . . "" It then broadcast the National Anthem, ministers Héctor Grauert and Fermin Sorhueta spoke and programming started with documentaries supplied by various European embassies, educational films, the News American, and so on. All other content was aired live, even commercials. The first faces that appeared on the screen, were Charles Giacosa, Mario Fonticiella, Victor Hugo Pedroso, Barrett Puig and Cristina Moran. All of them came from the radio, in a country which at the time had no film industry, and therefore had not cultivated the language of images. Eight years later, the institution-building was manifested through the acquisition and refurbishment of premises where Fontaina had worked as a barracks painter (local topped by Carmel Empire), on the street Tacuarembó 1234 (today Carnelli Lawrence), who was being successively extended by the annexation of several properties and is the current location of Channel 10. Time then erected the tower 187 meters (raised through efforts of Milton Fontaina, another son of Don Raul), which since then is a prominent landmark of the urban landscape of Montevideo. In other words, the foundation and subsequent development of SAETA, was due to the joint effort of the Fontaina family until 1970, when it left Raul Fontaina (h) office manager, assuming the same Juan Enrique De Feo, who until then had remained at the forefront of Radio Carve alongside Raul Fontaina gift (as Omar Defeo recounts in his book ""The crazy from the roof""). In January 1995, Channel 10, along with Equital SA, founded a cable operator called TCC, which is just around the canal. In 1991, based on Maldonado, Channel 7, which functions as a repeater of Channel 10, with a tele-flash informative own every 1 hour. On October 10, 1996, with the movie Malcolm X, issued in the Stream ""Festival"", began broadcasting in stereo, and so far, the only channel open in Uruguayan to use this form of broadcast. In 2004, the station affiliated with the News Corporation, which operates Fox. Since 2004, Saeta is another conglomerate over the News. The highest percentage of Channel 10 owners are Uruguayans (95%). The station works mainly with two production companies to create their own content, Oz Media, and ZUR Infotainment. Channel 10's transmitting antenna, measuring 187 meters in height, is called the Saeta tower. It was built and inaugurated some time after the channel moved to its current address. It stems from the idea and subsequent efforts of Milton Fontaina. Today it is the highest structure in Montevideo, and can be seen from many parts of the city. Over the past 5 years, Channel 12, of Uruguay, rent a portion of the antenna to transmit their programming. In the year 2006 the channel signed a contract with film companies: Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Paramount and Dreamworks, to transmit the most recent releases of these film companies. These releases are already being cast in ""Film Festival"", a program that airs Monday at 9:00 pm. A person specializing in film on Channel 10 is Jackie Rodriguez Stratta, for many years in Saeta. It was the first channel to create a talent competition, in 1996, by virtue of its 40 years. Then Channel 4 did the same in 2004, and in 2006, celebrating its 50 years of new Channel 10 conducted a contest called CONTA, which was to create: series, novels, cartoons, etc. , all of this for CONTA and Channel 10 . In 2007 premiered the first prize in the national series: ""Flat 8. "" The 5-Setiembre/2007 premiered another production CONTA called History Clinic.",0
.219_Donaldson_Wasp,".219_Donaldson_Wasp  2013-01-04T19:44:03Z   The . 219 Donaldson Wasp cartridge (. 219 Wasp) was created in 1937 by Harvey Donaldson. It is based on the . 219 Zipper case, which is in turn based upon the . 25-35 Winchester case. While popular amongst match shooters in the 1930s & 1940s it has fallen by the wayside in favor of cartridges such as the 22 PPC and 6mm PPC, but is still held in high regard for its accuracy. 50 & 55 grain bullets are commonly used and pressures for some loads are reported to be in the 55,000–60,000 psi (380,000–410,000 kPa) range. There are in fact two versions of the cartridge, the original design and the newer so called ""Donaldson Wasp Short"". ,  .219_Donaldson_Wasp  2014-12-08T22:27:15Z   The . 219 Donaldson Wasp cartridge was developed during the late 1930s by Harvey Donaldson, and is derived from the . 219 Zipper case. Once popular amongst match shooters in the 1940s it has since fallen by the wayside in favor of newer developments. It is however held in high regard for its accuracy and is widely considered the grandfather of benchrest cartridges. Today the round occupies a niche in the single shot rifle market. There are in fact three notable versions associated with the Wasp name. The first, designed in the mid 1930s and known as the 219 Gipson Wasp, was named after the gunsmith who chambered the first Wasp rifle for Donaldson.",0
Alexandra_Zabelina,"Alexandra_Zabelina  2009-05-23T03:06:24Z   Foil fencer Alexándra Zabélina. Born on 11 March, 1937 in Moscow. The Champion of 1960, 1968 and 1972 Olympic Games in team championship. The World Champion in 1957 and 1967. The Silver Prize winner of 1961 and 1966 World Championships in individual championship. The World Champion in 1956, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1966, 1970, 1971. The Silver Prize winner of 1959, 1962, 1967 and 1969 World Championships in team championship. Alexandra Zabelina is the first Soviet World Champion, the winner of three Olympic gold medals, twenty threey-fold USSR Champion. A miniature, graceful lady, reserved and reasonable in life, but venturous and unpredictable at the fencing strip, - that is the way she was remembered by the fans of Olympics in Rome, Mexico, Munich. I used to meet Alexandra Zabelina on the fencing strip. Later we became colleagues, both working as coaches in fencing mastership school in Dynamo sports club. She was the girls’ coach and I was training the boys. Later she trained my daughter Ksenia, and I gave training lessons to her son. Surprisingly, Zabelina has never stressed out that she was the unique fencer in foils of the twentieth century. She never ceased to learn and to pick up new experience. She still comes to the fencing salle and puts on a fencing bib. Her carrier was started back in the far fifties… Many years ago she occasionally came to the Dynamo club salle. Earlier in her childhood she was enthusiastically going in for gymnastics and even achieved the first success, but had to quit due to a trauma. Then a neighbour boy took her to his coach, R. I. Chernysheva, the Honoured Master of Sports in the fencing section of Dynamo sports club. Already at the third training session Raisa Ivanovna said: ""Shurochka, you will be the World Champion. "" I think she said it on purpose of encouragement (""to wing a dream""). Later Zabelina has joined the group led by Ivan Ilyich Manayenko, where she was training together with her team-partners and friends, the future stars of national fencing G. Gorohova, V. Rastvorova, J. Rylsky, L. Romanov. And then there came the year of 1957 – the World Championship in Paris. At that time fencing was held on a pool system with no knock-outs, and those who reached the final competitions, had to have up to 40 bouts per day. The foiler’s bouts where over after midnight, when only few spectators stayed in the fencing salle. The winner was Alexandra Zabelina, an unknown Soviet fencer. It was a sensation! The next day, the journalists and fans were looking for Zabelina in the fencing salle. Rome, 1960. Alexandra is participating in the Olympics for the first time. In general understanding, Olympic Games are accepted as festivities. Millions of people in the days of the Games hold their breath following the sports events by TV. Thousands of people are preparing for the major events of the four-year period, not only to the athletes and coaches, but to the designers and artists, singers and composers, architects and constructors among them. As to the athletes, their life during the Olympics is really special, as if it starts and ends here, and one has to live it with dignity. Zabelina had three Olympics: the 1960 in Rome, the 1968 in Mexico, and the 1972 in Munich. She has missed only Olympics in Tokyo in 1964, when she was expecting her son. Three times she became an Olympic Champion in team competitions. The victory in an individual tournament is, no doubt, an honorary achievement, but in a command competitions one has sometimes tumble over oneself. The reason is, here you are not alone and are responsible not only for yourself but for your co-partners as well. Team tournament excludes any ""but if…"". Here one has to be prepared to fight with all his/her capability. ""If all three my Olympic Games are compared, the latter ones were the most difficult,"" A. Zabelina recalls. Before Munich, I had faced a global challenge to win the USSR championship. Only the gold medal at the Championship could open me the way to the Olympics. Hence, with the young athletes at my heels, I had to prove that I am stronger again and again. At the Olympics, there was a fascinating start and a tragic outcome. The events were very well organized, widely publicized and it looked nothing could go wrong in that perfect mechanism. However, everything was ruined by Palestinian terrorists, who captured the team of Israel. Unfortunately, the majority of hostages were killed in the counter-terrorist operation. A military regime was introduced in the Olympic Village. The women-athletes were relocated to the men’s hostel, there were tanks standing nearby, the streets of the villages were patrolled by militants. The Olympics were on the verge of collapse. We were waiting, and the competitions were postponed from day to day. I should say, our nerves were at the limit. That is why the victory at the Olympics in Munich is of a special value. "",  Alexandra_Zabelina  2011-03-21T06:23:19Z   Template:Expert-subject-multiple Alexándra Zabélina (Born on 11 March 1937 in Moscow) is a former Soviet Olympic fencer. She won gold in the women's team foil at the 1960, 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. She was the World Champion in 1957 and 1967. She won the Silver Prize winner of 1961 and 1966 World Championships in the individual championship. The World Champion in 1956, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1966, 1970, 1971. The Silver Prize winner of 1959, 1962, 1967 and 1969 World Championships in team championship. Zabélina was the first Soviet World Champion, the winner of three Olympic gold medals, and a twenty three-time USSR Champion. Her career started back in the far 1950s. Many years ago she occasionally came to the Dynamo club salle. Earlier in her childhood she was enthusiastically going in for gymnastics and even achieved the first success, but had to quit due to a trauma. Then a neighbour took her to his coach, R. I. Chernysheva, the Honoured Master of Sports in the fencing section of Dynamo sports club. Already at the third training session Raisa Ivanovna said: ""Shurochka, you will be the World Champion. "" Later Zabelina joined the group led by Ivan Ilyich Manayenko, where she trained together with her team-partners and friends, the future stars of national fencing G. Gorohova, V. Rastvorova, J. Rylsky, L. Romanov. Zabelina attended the World Championship in Paris in 1957. At the time fencing was held on a pool system with no knock-outs, and those who reached the final competitions had to have up to 40 bouts per day. The foiler’s bouts were over after midnight, when only few spectators stayed in the fencing salle. Zabelina, an unknown Soviet fencer, won the competition. The next day, the journalists and fans were looking for Zabelina in the fencing salle. Zabelina participated in the Olympics for the first time in 1960, in Rome. This was followed by the 1968 Olympics in Mexico, and the 1972 Olympics in Munich. She missed the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo, when she was expecting her son. Three times she became an Olympic Champion in team competitions. ""If all three my Olympic Games are compared, the latter ones were the most difficult,"" Zabelina recalls. ""Before Munich, I had faced a global challenge to win the USSR championship. Only the gold medal at the Championship could open me the way to the Olympics. Hence, with the young athletes at my heels, I had to prove that I am stronger again and again. At the Olympics, there was a fascinating start and a tragic outcome. The events were very well organized, widely publicized and it looked nothing could go wrong in that perfect mechanism. However, everything was ruined by Palestinian terrorists, who captured the team of Israel. Unfortunately, the majority of hostages were killed in the counter-terrorist operation. A military regime was introduced in the Olympic Village. The women-athletes were relocated to the men’s hostel, there were tanks standing nearby, the streets of the villages were patrolled by militants. The Olympics were on the verge of collapse. We were waiting, and the competitions were postponed from day to day. I should say, our nerves were at the limit. That is why the victory at the Olympics in Munich is of a special value. "" Template:Persondata",0
Foxhill_motocross_circuit,"Foxhill_motocross_circuit  2007-12-16T11:45:22Z   Foxhill is a well-known motocross circuit situated near to the small village of Foxhill, around six miles south east of Swindon, Wiltshire. Established in the late 1980's, the circuit is highly regarded by motocross enthusiasts in the UK. Set in a valley, much of the circuit winds up and down the steep banks of the valley, with a number of large man-made jumps. The circuit is predominantly hard, chalky soil. Early History After staging a number of national-level events in the early 1990's, the circuit was soon selected to stage Grand Prix events, regularly staging the British Motocross Grand Prix for the 125cc and 250cc classes. Grand Prix Days The circuit made history in 1995, when the first ever 'double-header' Grand Prix event was staged, with the 125cc and 250cc Grand Prix classes both being held on the same day. This proved a huge success with riders, organisers and fans, with the 'double-header' format now a standard feature of Grand Prix motocross. The day was especially notable for home fans as British rider Paul Malin took a popular home victory in the 125cc class. Belgian star Stefan Everts was a huge fan of the Foxhill circuit, as he took three Grand Prix wins at Foxhill in the 1990s, in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Everts, along with many riders, enjoyed the unique atmosphere at the circuit. With the circuit set in a valley, crowds of over 20,000 fans would perch on the hillsides, creating an exciting atmosphere more akin to a football stadium than a motorsports venue. Everts even claimed that as excited fans cheered and sounded air horns as the riders dropped into the valley on the opening lap, it was impossible to hear the engine on his bike! Grand Prix events were (and still are) often televised live on Eurosport, and at the start of each Grand Prix race a piece of music sampling the opening chords of Hells Bells by AC/DC was played on the TV and also at the circuit on powerful speaker systems. Such was the way that the music added to the occasion, Hells Bells is often seen by UK motocross fans as the de facto theme tune to the circuit. Watershed and Decline 1998 was to be watershed year in the history of Foxhill, as the circuit staged a Grand Prix event in May, along with the Motocross des Nations in September. The Grand Prix saw Everts de-throned as the 'King of Foxhill', when French rival Sebastien Tortelli snatched victory in the 250cc class. However, Everts was to reclaim his 'crown' at the Des Nations event in September. Torrential rain over the weekend turned the circuit into a mudbath, with conditions so bad that many of the world's leading riders, including a young Ricky Carmichael, were struggling like junior riders in the severe mud. So bad were the conditions that in the second race of the day, two-thirds of the elite riders got stuck on one of Foxhill's steep hills, dubbed by the media as 'Heartbreak Hill'. None of this was to bother Everts, who was a class apart as he took two race wins, helping the Belgian team onto victory. Whilst the Everts masterclass was to go down in motocross folklore, the real talking point was the terrible weather conditions. So bad were the conditions that it was reported that only the prestige and importance of the event meant that it went ahead. The mud caused problems with both riding teams and spectators becoming hopelessly stuck in the muddy fields after the event. After the Motocross Des Nations event, Foxhill was seemingly cursed by poor weather 1999 saw the Grand Prix once again return to Foxhill, with the circuit completely renovated and rebuilt. Saturday evening saw a severe thunderstorm, which once again turned Sunday's event into a mudbath. Such were the poor conditions that the eventual winner in the 250cc class was Dutchman Remy van Rees, a rider who previously had rarely broken into the world's top 15 prior to the event. Van Rees won by sheer consistency, as most of the world's elite struggled in the conditions. 2000 saw another first, as Foxhill was to stage a 'triple-header' with 125cc, 250cc and 500cc Grand Prix events all taking place on the same weekend, with the opening 125cc race on the Saturday. However, for the third year in a row, torrential rain ruined the event. Only the opening 125cc race took place, before Sunday's racing was cancelled due to safety fears. This was the final Grand Prix event to ever take place at Foxhill. With the circuit waterlogged for three years in a row, the circuit's poor infrastructure was a source of irritation to the Grand Prix promoters (at the time) 'Action Group', who were keen to raise the profile of Grand Prix motocross by moving to circuits with improved infrastructure. Thus the 2000 British Grand Prix was the final Grand Prix to be staged at Foxhill. New Millennium After 2000, the British Grand Prix was not staged until 2004. After three years of major events ruined by heavy rain, the Foxhill circuit was dilapidated and worn out. However, it would soon gain a new lease of life as an amateur circuit. Since 2000, a wide range of amateur events, including youth, adult and historic races have been staged at the circuit. Organising bodies have invested in the circuit, and in recent years the circuit and infrastructure have been totally renovated. Since leaving Foxhill, the British Grand Prix has been held at several locations across the UK, most recently at Donington Park in 2007. The rights to the British Grand Prix have been taken over by promotions company Ray Hockey Leisure (RHL), who successfully stage the high-profile Weston-super-Mare beach race. RHL have cited a return to the newly refurbished Foxhill for the British Grand Prix in 2008, with the news well received by motocross fans. A provisional date of 1 June 2008 has been set for the Grand Prix. ,  Foxhill_motocross_circuit  2009-08-03T21:15:57Z   Foxhill motocross circuit is a well-known motocross circuit situated near to the small village of Foxhill, around six miles south east of Swindon, Wiltshire, England. Established in the late 1980s, the circuit is highly regarded by motocross enthusiasts in the UK. Set in a valley, much of the circuit winds up and down the steep banks of the valley, with a number of large man-made jumps. The circuit is predominantly hard, chalky soil. Early History After staging a number of national-level events in the early 1990s, the circuit was soon selected to stage Grand Prix events, regularly staging the British Motocross Grand Prix for the 125cc and 250cc classes. Grand Prix Days The circuit made history in 1995, when the first ever 'double-header' Grand Prix event was staged, with the 125cc and 250cc Grand Prix classes both being held on the same day. This proved a huge success with riders, organisers and fans, with the 'double-header' format now a standard feature of Grand Prix motocross. The day was especially notable for home fans as British rider Paul Malin took a popular home victory in the 125cc class. Belgian star Stefan Everts was a huge fan of the Foxhill circuit, as he took three Grand Prix wins at Foxhill in the 1990s, in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Everts, along with many riders, enjoyed the unique atmosphere at the circuit. With the circuit set in a valley, crowds of over 20,000 fans would perch on the hillsides, creating an exciting atmosphere more akin to a football stadium than a motorsports venue. Everts even claimed that as excited fans cheered and sounded air horns as the riders dropped into the valley on the opening lap, it was impossible to hear the engine on his bike! Grand Prix events were (and still are) often televised live on Eurosport, and at the start of each Grand Prix race a piece of music sampling the opening chords of Hells Bells by AC/DC was played on the TV and also at the circuit on powerful speaker systems. Such was the way that the music added to the occasion, Hells Bells is often seen by UK motocross fans as the de facto theme tune to the circuit. 1998 was to be watershed year in the history of Foxhill, as the circuit staged a Grand Prix event in May, along with the Motocross des Nations in September. The Grand Prix saw Everts de-throned as the 'King of Foxhill', when French rival Sebastien Tortelli snatched victory in the 250cc class. However, Everts was to reclaim his 'crown' at the Des Nations event in September. Torrential rain over the weekend turned the circuit into a mudbath, with conditions so bad that many of the world's leading riders, including a young Ricky Carmichael, were struggling like junior riders in the severe mud. So bad were the conditions that in the second race of the day, two-thirds of the elite riders got stuck on one of Foxhill's steep hills, dubbed by the media as 'Heartbreak Hill'. None of this was to bother Everts, who was a class apart as he took two race wins, helping the Belgian team onto victory. Whilst the Everts masterclass was to go down in motocross folklore, the real talking point was the terrible weather conditions. So bad were the conditions that it was reported that only the prestige and importance of the event meant that it went ahead. The mud caused problems with both riding teams and spectators becoming hopelessly stuck in the muddy fields after the event. After the Motocross Des Nations event, Foxhill was seemingly cursed by poor weather 1999 saw the Grand Prix once again return to Foxhill, with the circuit completely renovated and rebuilt. Saturday evening saw a severe thunderstorm, which once again turned Sunday's event into a mudbath. Such were the poor conditions that the eventual winner in the 250cc class was Dutchman Remy van Rees, a rider who previously had rarely broken into the world's top 15 prior to the event. Van Rees won by sheer consistency, as most of the world's elite struggled in the conditions. 2000 saw another first, as Foxhill was to stage a 'triple-header' with 125cc, 250cc and 500cc Grand Prix events all taking place on the same weekend, with the opening 125cc race on the Saturday. However, for the third year in a row, torrential rain ruined the event. Only the opening 125cc race took place, before Sunday's racing was cancelled due to safety fears. This was the final Grand Prix event to ever take place at Foxhill. With the circuit waterlogged for three years in a row, the circuit's poor infrastructure was a source of irritation to the Grand Prix promoters (at the time) 'Action Group', who were keen to raise the profile of Grand Prix motocross by moving to circuits with improved infrastructure. Thus the 2000 British Grand Prix was the final Grand Prix to be staged at Foxhill. After 2000, the British Grand Prix was not staged until 2004. After three years of major events ruined by heavy rain, the Foxhill circuit was dilapidated and worn out. However, it would soon gain a new lease of life as an amateur circuit. Since 2000, a wide range of amateur events, including youth, adult and historic races have been staged at the circuit. Organising bodies have invested in the circuit, and in recent years the circuit and infrastructure have been totally renovated.",0
T._J._Potter,"T._J._Potter  2007-11-11T21:31:43Z   The T. J. Potter was a steamboat that operated in the Pacific Northwest. The boat was launched in 1888. Her upper cabins came from the steamboat Wide West. This required some modification, because the T. J. Potter was a side-wheeler, whereas the Wide West had been a stern-wheeler. The boat's first owner was the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company. ,  T._J._Potter  2008-05-31T21:44:07Z   The T. J. Potter was a steamboat that operated in the Northwestern United States. The boat was launched in 1888. Her upper cabins came from the steamboat Wide West. This required some modification, because the T. J. Potter was a side-wheeler, whereas the Wide West had been a stern-wheeler. The boat's first owner was the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company. The T. J. Potter, commonly referred to as the Potter, was built entirely of wood by a firm owned by John F. Steffan. She was built for the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company. She was launched at Portland, Oregon in 1888. She was propelled by two non-condensing steam engines, with 32"" cylinders, each with an eight foot stroke, and generating (together or singly is not sure) 1,700 horsepower. Her single boiler and firebox were built in 1887 by the Pusey & Jones Company, of Wilmington, Delaware. The boiler was 32 feet long with a diameter of 84 inches. Her gross tonnage was 659 and her net tonnage was 589. As built, the Potter was 230 feet long, with a beam of 35 feet, and depth of hold of 10 1/2 feet. Her U. S. registry number was 145489. Construction of the Potter was supervised by Captain James W. Troup, one of the most famous steamboat captains in the West. On May 26 1888, the same year the Potter was built, Captain Troup had brought the sternwheeler Hassalo over a six-mile stretch of rapids called the Cascades of the Columbia during low water, reaching speeds of 50 miles an hour in the process. When built, the Potter had a reputation as one of the fastest and most luxurious steamboats in the Pacific Northwest: he T. J. Potter was the final step in the evolution of the side-wheeler--230 feet long, 33 feet beam, with grace and beauty in every inch of her. Elegant was the word for the T. J. Potter; even her paddle boxes were elegant. Where those of the lesser side-wheelers were pierced by simple fan designs, hers were jigsawed into an intricate floral pattern that made them works of Victorian art. A divided, curving staircase led up to the grand saloon, and her passengers could watch themselves mount it in the biggest plate glass mirror in the West. Colored sunlight from the stained glass windows of the clerestory gleamed on soft carpeting and the mellowed wood and ivory of a grand piano. The first season after she was launched, her owners put her on the tourist run from Portland to Astoria, Oregon. In August 1888, the Potter made the run from Portland to Astoria in 5 hours and 31 minutes. By comparison, the fastest steamboat on the Columbia River at that time was the Potter's competitor Telephone, which on July 2 1887 had made the 105 mile run from Portland to Astoria in 4 hours and 34 minutes. After that, she was transferred to Puget Sound to compete with another famous steamboat, the Bailey Gatzert, which was owned by the Seattle Steam Navigation and Transportation Company. The Bailey was a stern-wheeler, and did better in the Sound than the sidewheeler Potter, which rolled from side to side in swells, raising first one paddle wheel then the other out of the water. Even so, the T. J. Potter was one of the fastest steamboats on Puget Sound, and is reported in 1890 to have bested the famous sternwheeler Bailey Gatzert in a race. The Potter was also reported to have set a record time of 82 minutes on the run from Seattle to Tacoma. While operating out of Puget Sound, the Potter, along with many other local steamboats, helped fight the Great Seattle Fire of 1889: The mighty T. J. Potter foamed up from Vancouver Island with a Canadian fire engine, the chief of the Victoria fire department, and 22 firemen. Fire was licking the docks so the Victoria fire company went to work where it landed. Eventually the Potter was transferred back to the Columbia River for good. She was placed on the Portland-Astoria run, where she competed with steamboats owned by the Shaver Transportation Company. The Potter's owners, Oregon Railway and Navigation Company, struck an anti-competitive deal with Shaver Transportation, whereby the Shaver boats, including the Sarah Dixon, would stay off the Portland-Astoria route in return for a monthly subsidy from Oregon Railway and Navigation Company. Other competitors of the Potter on the Portland-Astoria run included Lurline and Georgiana. In 1901, Joe Turner was the captain of the T. J. Potter. Other crew at apparently the same time, but whose positions are uncertain, included Al Gray (Faber, cited below, identifies Gray as captain), Julius Oliver, James Healey, Harry O. Staples, Ed Scott, Fred Ware, Claude Cooper, Wendell Smith, and Henry Hoffman. In 1901 the Potter was rebuilt, increasing her length by only a few feet but greatly increasing her weight. Her gross tonnage rose from 650 to 1017 tons, and her net tonnage from 590 to 826. The increased weight cut several knots off her speed. Her wheelhouse was rebuilt, and instead of a flat roof, she had a dome with flagpole. This was unique among Columbia River steamboats. Following the rebuild (which cost $86,000), the Potter's owners put her on the run from Portland to Ilwaco, Washington for connection with the narrow-gauge Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Company, serving primarily the summer tourist trade. The Potter was refurbished in 1910, and continued in operation on the Portland-Ilwaco run. In the early 1990s, Professor Frederick Bracher recalled riding on the Potter from Portland to Ilwaco as a young child in 1915: The T. J. Potter was an old but comfortable sidewheel steamboat, ponderously slow, even when going downstream. Although it was later replaced by the Georgiana, a sleek and narrow twin-screw steamer, I preferred the T. J. Potter to the smaller and faster rival. The monumental semi-circular paddle boxes, painted like the rays of the rising sun, arched up as high as the boat deck; the paddle wheels produced a prodigious wake to port and starboard, as well as astern. On the main deck were staterooms for the elderly, the rich, or the newly married; and a continuous seat ran all the way around the stern. If the weather was good, there would be deck chairs on the open afterdeck, and the glass-enclosed lounge cabins were comfortable on cold or rainy days. Just before the opening of the tourist season in 1916 the Potter was condemned for passenger use. The Potter was not replaced on the Portland-Ilwaco run, as there was insufficient passenger traffic to justify putting a new boat on the route. The Potter then served as a barracks boat for construction crews until sometime in the early 1920s, when she was abandoned in Young's Bay near Astoria. She was reportedly burned for her metal, but this may not be correct. Faber publishes a photograph showing her abandoned, stripped of upper works, but with her hull substantially intact, with large metal components such as her rudder strap intact. (Faber, at page 155).",0
Salt Lake City Stars,"Salt Lake City Stars  2016-01-19T00:23:46Z  The Idaho Stampede is an American basketball team that plays in the NBA Development League. The team is based in Boise, Idaho. Since 2005 they have played at the CenturyLink Arena in Boise. Before then, they played home games at the Taco Bell Arena. The team was founded as a member of the Continental Basketball Association in 1997 and was league runner-up in the 2003–04 season, losing to the Dakota Wizards. After the 2005–06 season, the Stampede announced that the team would be joining the NBA Development League. The Stampede's sole NBA affiliate is the Utah Jazz, with whom they originally had a hybrid partnership. However, on March 24th, 2015, the Utah Jazz and the Idaho Stampede announced that the Jazz had purchased the Stampede, becoming the 8th NBA team to become owners of their D-League affiliate. They also had past affiliations with the Denver Nuggets, Seattle SuperSonics, Toronto Raptors and most recently the Portland Trail Blazers, with the Jazz taking sole affiliation after the 2013-2014 season. In the Stampede's first D-League season, the team won the Western Division title, tying for the best record in the league. On April 25, 2008, the Stampede defeated the Austin Toros, 108–101, in Game 3 of the D-League finals. It was the first title in team history in either the CBA or the D-League. Ever since they lost to the Austin Toros in the 2009 NBA Development League Playoffs, they've never returned to the playoffs, with a 70-80 record for the past three seasons. Earlier in the season, in January 2008, the team had hosted the annual D-League Showcase, in which all the league's teams played two games each in a five-day period. ^=Due to financial problems, the CBA temporarily folded, effectively ending the season. Roster Last transaction: April 3, 2024,  Salt Lake City Stars  2017-12-05T10:33:06Z  The Salt Lake City Stars are an American basketball team that plays in the NBA G League. The team is based in Salt Lake City, Utah (the same location as its affiliate the Utah Jazz). Beginning in the 2016–17 season, the Stars play at the Lifetime Activities Center-Bruin Arena, on the campus of Salt Lake Community College. Prior to the move to Salt Lake City for the 2016–17 season, the team was known as the Idaho Stampede. From 2005 to 2015, the team played as the Idaho Stampede at the CenturyLink Arena in Boise. Before then, they played home games at the Ford Idaho Center in Nampa. The team was founded as a member of the Continental Basketball Association in 1997 and was league runner-up in the 2003–04 season, losing to the Dakota Wizards. After the 2005–06 season, the Stampede announced that the team would be joining the NBA Development League. The Stampede's sole NBA affiliate is the Utah Jazz, with whom they originally had a hybrid partnership. However, on March 24, 2015, the Utah Jazz and the Idaho Stampede announced that the Jazz had purchased the Stampede, becoming the 8th NBA team to become owners of their D-League affiliate. They also had past affiliations with the Denver Nuggets, Seattle SuperSonics, Toronto Raptors and most recently the Portland Trail Blazers, with the Jazz taking sole affiliation after the 2013-2014 season. In the Stampede's first D-League season, the team won the Western Division title, tying for the best record in the league. On April 25, 2008, the Stampede defeated the Austin Toros, 108–101, in Game 3 of the D-League finals. It was the first title in team history in either the CBA or the D-League. Ever since they lost to the Austin Toros in the 2009 NBA Development League Playoffs, they've never returned to the playoffs, with a 70-80 record for the past three seasons. Earlier in the season, in January 2008, the team had hosted the annual D-League Showcase, in which all the league's teams played two games each in a five-day period. The team was purchased by the Jazz on March 24, 2015, and signed a one-year lease at CenturyLink Arena. On April 4, 2016, the Utah Jazz and the NBA Development League announced that the Idaho Stampede would relocate to Salt Lake City for the 2016–17 season and would be renamed as the Salt Lake City Stars. Prior to this announcement, there had not been a D-League team in Utah since the Utah Flash (now the Delaware 87ers) in 2007. Roster Last transaction: April 3, 2024 averaged 20.1 points and 7.4 rebounds in 14 games (9 starts). 4.2 rebounds. Scored 35 points on 1/7/12 at Bakersfield. points on 1/9/12 at Erie and had 10 assists at Bakersfield on 1/6/12. 9.7 points and 5.3 rebounds per game. averaged 7.3 points, 5.3 rebounds and 7 assists. Stampede to an overtime victory.",1
Brisbane Broncos,"Brisbane Broncos  2014-01-10T04:37:38Z  Brisbane Broncos are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. Founded in 1988, the Broncos play in Australasia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships and two World Club Challenges. The Broncos have achieved four minor premierships during their 22 years in competition, making them the League's most successful club over the past two decades. Brisbane have never been defeated in a grand final, and between 1991 and 2009, never failed to qualify for the finals. They are the most successful club since the National Rugby League began in 1998, winning a record three premierships in this era. In 2010, Brisbane finished 10th in the NRL premiership, failing to make the semi finals for the first time in 19 years. They are also one of the most successful club in the history of Rugby League, having won 63% of their games since their induction in 1988, second only to Melbourne Storm with 64%. The club records the highest annual revenue out of all NRL clubs - $32.8m for the 2012 financial year - and is one of the most valuable club of any code in Australia worth over $42 million. Along with financial competitiveness, the Broncos have been voted one of Australia's most popular and most watched football teams, and has one of the highest average attendance of any rugby club in the world; 33,337 in the 2012 NRL season. The club was founded in 1988 as part of the Winfield Cup's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. The Broncos later became a dominant force in the competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the reunified National Rugby League competition. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located, but they play their home games at Milton's Suncorp Stadium. They are the only publicly listed sporting club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). Queensland's success in the 1980s, the early years of the State of Origin series between Queensland and New South Wales, in addition to the inclusion of a combined Brisbane Rugby League team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane license, the Queensland Rugby League chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain Wally Lewis and former BRL coach Wayne Bennett. The team made their debut in the NSWRL's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership against reigning premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, and defeated them 44–10. However after this promising start they failed to make the finals. In their second season they won the mid-week knockout competition, the 1989 Panasonic Cup. The club first tasted premiership success in 1992, and again in 1993, defeating the St. George Dragons in both years. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the last clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit (The Canberra Raiders, Canterbury Bulldogs and Cronulla Sharks were the first to sign, and it was only revealed many years later that the Broncos were in fact one of the last clubs to sign for either competition). Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. Brisbane won the only Super League premiership in 1997, before winning the first National Rugby League trophy in the re-unified 1998 competition. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Allan Langer retired mid-season, perhaps as a result of the team's form. Despite the club's mid-season turnaround, which resulted in qualification for the finals after an 11-match winning streak, the team was eliminated by the Cronulla Sharks in the first week of the finals. However, the Broncos' rebounded in 2000 with their fifth premiership, defeating the Sydney Roosters. The game marked the retirement of veterans Kevin Walters and Michael Hancock. Allan Langer returned to the club in 2002 for one season before eventually retiring. 2002 was also the beginning of Brisbane's ""post-Origin slump"", which has haunted the club in the years since. Many players represent Queensland in the State of Origin series, with 7 Broncos players on average included in the Queensland Origin team. This extra workload has caused a loss of form for the club immediately after the series, evidenced in 2003 when the ladder-leading Broncos lost 10 of their last 11 games. Despite faring better in 2004 and 2005, the team still struggled in the latter stages of the season, losing all of their finals matches. In 2006, after a strong early and mid-season performance, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. However, they reversed this run of form, winning 6 of their last 7 games including the premiership decider against the Melbourne Storm and keeping their perfect Grand Final record intact. After a dismal 2007 season in which they only scraped into the finals, coach Wayne Bennett announced he would leave at the end of 2008 after twenty-one years as coach. Ivan Henjak, a former rugby league player who had been assistant coach with the Broncos since the beginning of 2006, was named their second-ever coach, commencing as coach for the 2009 season. Their 2009 season included their worst-ever post-Origin slump, featuring three matches in a row where the opposing team scored more than 40 points, concluding with a 56–0 loss to Canberra on 1 August 2009. They rallied around and in their match against Penrith two rounds later, they won 58–24. This snapback (after Penrith, they won the rest of their games that season) got them into the finals for the 18th year running, but they fell against Melbourne in the 3rd preliminary final by 40–10. Their 2010 season started moderately: a 30–24 win against North Queensland, a 14–22 loss to Canberra, and a 48–16 hammering by the Warriors on 28 March 2010. On Monday 29 March, former Broncos player and recruitment agent Allan Langer was caught drink-driving in Brisbane's northside. Apart from a late season 10–6 win against eventual premiers St George Illawarra, the 2010 season was one to forget; with injuries and poor form seeing the Broncos out of the finals for the first time since 1991. The Broncos missing the finals now means that every club has missed the finals at least once since the 2002 season. In February 2011, it was announced that Ivan Henjak was to be sacked from the club, only three weeks before the beginning of the season. Anthony Griffin took over as coach for the 2011 season, becoming just the third head coach in the history of the Brisbane Broncos. He led the club to a third place finish at the end of the season, losing to eventual premiers Manly in the preliminary finals. 2012 marked the Broncos' 25th season in the NRL competition. They finished eighth on the premiership ladder, and were knocked out of the finals in the first week, losing 33–16 to the North Queensland Cowboys in Townsville. 2013 saw the Broncos finish 12th on the NRL ladder, marking its lowest ever finish in the club's history and seeing the club out of the finals for only the second time since 1991. As of 2013, the Broncos are currently experiencing their longest premiership drought, having endured seven completed seasons without winning the premiership since their most recent success in 2006. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears, the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favoured the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolising the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland rugby league team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favour of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours – mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favour of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at Lang Park, the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust, the team relocated to ANZ Stadium in 1993. The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's first premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined and it was not until 2002 that the club again registered more than the 1996 average attendance of 23,712. ANZ Stadium, as the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre was called at the time due to sponsorship rights, was featured on an episode of The Mole in April 2002. With the Queensland Government's $280,000,000 redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract larger crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 50,255 set in the semi-final match of the 2008 season, against the St. George Illawarra Dragons. Before kick-off at the Stadium an instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's ""Kashmir"" is routinely played. The Brisbane broncos have the largest fan base of any NRL club and they have been voted the most popular rugby league team in Australia for several years. A Broncos supporters group called ""The Thoroughbreds"" which is made up of prominent businessmen, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase News Ltd's controlling share of the club in 2007. Notable supporters of this club, amongst others, include: The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club’s original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. NRMA Insurance are the major sponsors of the Broncos as of 2011, replacing WOW Sight & Sound. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by 612 ABC Brisbane except if they play on Monday night, in which case 4MMM do so. Channel Nine Queensland also sponsors the Broncos, although former player Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. In 2012, local Brisbane based company Firstmac Home Loans replaced WOW sight & Sound as sleeve sponsor for 3 years to launch into the retail financial services market. This sponsorship took only 9 days to negotiate following the announcement of WOW Sight & Sound going into receivership. Firstmac stipulated a unique clause in their contract that they could pay for 250 tickets to be distributed to WOW Sight & Sound staff that lost their jobs. Firstmac has since launched a Firstmac Broncos home loan in conjunction with their new sponsorship agreement. The club's apparel is manufactured by Nike. {{Rls |squadname=Brisbane Broncos 2013 squad |BC1=maroon |FC1=white |BC2=gold |FC2=maroon |source=Brisbane Broncos Squad |date=21 November 2012 |list1a= Scott Anderson – PR |list1b= Kurt Baptiste – HK, FE, HB |list1c= Delroy Berryman – CE, WG |list1d= Joe Bond – FB, FE |list1e= Luke Capewell – FB, FE, HB |list1f= Dale Copley – WG, CE |list1g= Cameron Cullen – HB |list1h= Mitchell Dodds – PR |list1i= Liam Georgetown – WG, FB |list1j= Brendon Gibb – PR, SR |list1k= Matt Gillett – SR, CE |list1l= Alex Glenn – SR, CE |list1m= Jake Granville – HK, FB |list2a= David Hala – PR |list2b= Ben Hannant – PR |list2c= Justin Hodges (vc) – CE, FB |list2d= Josh Hoffman – FB, WG |list2e= Ben Hunt – HK, HB, FE |list2f= Jordan Kahu – FB, WG |list2h= Lachlan Maranta – WG, FB |list2i= Andrew McCullough – HK |list2j= Josh McGuire – PR |list2k= Chris McLean – SR |list2l= Francis Molo – PR |list3a= Corey Oates – SR |list3b= Corey Parker (c) – LK, SR |list3c= Jack Reed – CE |list3d= Nick Slyney – SR |list3f= David Stagg – SR, LK |list3g= Sam Thaiday – SR, PR Due to the club's premiership success and its being the dominant Queensland team in the competition for the majority of its participation, the Brisbane Broncos' list of representative players is extensive. Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20-man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20-year anniversary. Updated: 9 May 2007Source(s): Broncos Name Legends Team The Brisbane Broncos are the second most successful club in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 63.63% of their games, as of 29 August 2012. This is marginally less (0.01%) than first placed Melbourne Storm. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of six Grand Finals, winning each time. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Former team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for both the club and National League. Lockyer also holds the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,171 since his debut in 1995, and the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Steve Renouf holds the record for the most career tries for the club with 142. Renouf also shares the club record for the most number of tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008, breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48–12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf, Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and Israel Folau. Renouf achieved this feat five times from 1991 to 1998. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71–6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 56–0 loss by the Canberra Raiders on 1 August 2009. The Paul Morgan Medal is awarded annually to the Brisbane Broncos' player of the year. it is named after one of the club's founders, Paul 'Porky' Morgan. Official Sites Statistics & Information Sites Supporter Sites Former Top-Flight Competition: Brisbane Rugby League premiership  GA,  Brisbane Broncos  2015-12-21T07:30:29Z  The Brisbane Broncos are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. Founded in 1988, the Broncos play in Australasia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships and two World Club Challenges. The Broncos have achieved four minor premierships during their 27 years in competition, making them the League's most successful club over the past two decades. Until 2015, Brisbane had never been defeated in a grand final, and between 1991 and 2009, never failed to qualify for the finals. They are the most successful club since the National Rugby League began in 1998, winning a record three premierships in this era. They are also one of the most successful clubs in the history of Rugby League, having won 63% of their games since their induction in 1988, second only to Melbourne Storm with 64%. The club records the highest annual revenue out of all NRL clubs – $32.8m for the 2012 financial year – and is one of the most valuable clubs of any code in Australia worth over $42 million. Along with financial competitiveness, the Broncos have been voted one of Australia's most popular and most watched football teams, and has one of the highest average attendances of any rugby club in the world; 33,337 in the 2012 NRL season. The club was founded in 1988 as part of the Winfield Cup's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. The Broncos later became a dominant force in the competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the reunified National Rugby League competition. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located, but they play their home games at Milton's Suncorp Stadium. They are the only publicly listed sporting club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). Queensland's success in the 1980s, the early years of the State of Origin series between Queensland and New South Wales, in addition to the inclusion of a combined Brisbane Rugby League team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane license, the Queensland Rugby League chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain Wally Lewis and former BRL coach Wayne Bennett. The team made their debut in the NSWRL's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership against reigning premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, and defeated them 44–10. However, after this promising start they failed to make the finals. In their second season they won the mid-week knockout competition, the 1989 Panasonic Cup. The club first tasted premiership success in 1992, and again in 1993, defeating the St. George Dragons in both years. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the last clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit (The Canberra Raiders, Canterbury Bulldogs and Cronulla Sharks were the first to sign, and it was only revealed many years later that the Broncos were in fact one of the last clubs to sign for either competition). Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. Brisbane won the only Super League premiership in 1997, before winning the first National Rugby League trophy in the re-unified 1998 competition. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Allan Langer retired mid-season, perhaps as a result of the team's form. Despite the club's mid-season turnaround, which resulted in qualification for the finals after an 11-match winning streak, the team was eliminated by the Cronulla Sharks in the first week of the finals. However, the Broncos' rebounded in 2000 with their fifth premiership, defeating the Sydney Roosters. The game marked the retirement of veterans Kevin Walters and Michael Hancock. Allan Langer returned to the club in 2002 for one season before eventually retiring. 2002 was also the beginning of Brisbane's ""post-Origin slump"", which has haunted the club in the years since. Many players represent Queensland in the State of Origin series, with 7 Broncos players on average included in the Queensland Origin team. This extra workload has caused a loss of form for the club immediately after the series, evidenced in 2003 when the ladder-leading Broncos lost 10 of their last 11 games. Despite faring better in 2004 and 2005, the team still struggled in the latter stages of the season, losing all of their finals matches. In 2006, after a strong early and mid-season performance, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. However, they reversed this run of form, winning 6 of their last 7 games including the premiership decider against the Melbourne Storm and keeping their perfect Grand Final record intact. After a dismal 2007 season in which they only scraped into the finals, coach Wayne Bennett announced he would leave at the end of 2008 after twenty-one years as coach. Ivan Henjak, a former rugby league player who had been assistant coach with the Broncos since the beginning of 2006, was named their second-ever coach, commencing as coach for the 2009 season. Their 2009 season included their worst-ever post-Origin slump, featuring three matches in a row where the opposing team scored more than 40 points, concluding with a 56–0 loss to Canberra on 1 August 2009. They rallied around and in their match against Penrith two rounds later, they won 58–24. This snapback (after Penrith, they won the rest of their games that season) got them into the finals for the 18th year running, but they fell against Melbourne in the 3rd preliminary final by 40–10. Their 2010 season started moderately: a 30–24 win against North Queensland, a 14–22 loss to Canberra, and a 48–16 hammering by the Warriors on 28 March 2010. On Monday 29 March, former Broncos player and recruitment agent Allan Langer was caught drink-driving in Brisbane's northside. Apart from a late season 10–6 win against eventual premiers St George Illawarra, the 2010 season was one to forget; with injuries and poor form seeing the Broncos out of the finals for the first time since 1991. The Broncos missing the finals now means that every club has missed the finals at least once since the 2002 season. In February 2011, it was announced that Ivan Henjak was to be sacked from the club, only three weeks before the beginning of the season. Anthony Griffin took over as coach for the 2011 season, becoming just the third head coach in the history of the Brisbane Broncos. He led the club to a third-place finish at the end of the season, losing to eventual premiers Manly in the preliminary finals. 2012 marked the Broncos' 25th season in the NRL competition. They finished eighth on the premiership ladder, and were knocked out of the finals in the first week, losing 33–16 to the North Queensland Cowboys in Townsville. 2013 saw the Broncos finish 12th on the NRL ladder, marking its lowest ever finish in the club's history and seeing the club out of the finals for only the second time since 1991. In what is considered by some commentators to be one of the best Grand Finals in recent history the 2015 Grand Final against the North Queensland Cowboys went in to Golden Point overtime for the first time. Jonathan Thurston, after missing a match winning try conversion after the 80 minutes, kicked a field goal 2 minutes into the Golden Point period to win the match for the North Queensland Cowboys 17-16. As of 2015, the Broncos are currently experiencing their longest premiership drought, having endured nine completed seasons without winning the premiership since their most recent success in 2006. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears, the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. The Australian newspaper has described the name as ""Mystifyingly American"". The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favoured the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolising the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland rugby league team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favour of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours – mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favour of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at the 33,500 capacity Lang Park, the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust due to a sponsorship conflict (the QRL had a commercial agreement with Castlemaine XXXX brewery with prominent signs around the ground, while the Broncos were sponsored by rival brewery Powers), the team relocated to the 60,000 capacity ANZ Stadium in 1993 (ANZ had been the main stadium of the 1982 Commonwealth Games). The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's first premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined and it was not until 2002 that the club again registered more than the 1996 average attendance of 23,712. ANZ Stadium, as the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre was called at the time due to sponsorship rights, was featured on an episode of The Mole in April 2002. With the Queensland Government's $280,000,000 redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract larger crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 50,859 for Darren Lockyer's final home game. Before kick-off at the Stadium an instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's ""Kashmir"" is routinely played. The Broncos all-time home attendance record was set at ANZ Stadium during the 1997 Super League Grand Final when 58,912 saw the Broncos defeat the Cronulla Sharks 26-8 to claim the only Super League premiership played in Australia. The Brisbane Broncos have the largest fan base of any NRL club and they have been voted the most popular rugby league team in Australia for several years. A Broncos supporters group called ""The Thoroughbreds"" which is made up of prominent businessmen, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase News Ltd's controlling share of the club in 2007. Average Regular Season Attendance Notable supporters Notable supporters of this club, amongst others, include: The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club's original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. NRMA Insurance are the major sponsors of the Broncos as of 2011, replacing WOW Sight & Sound. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by both 612 ABC Brisbane (except games played on Monday Night) and 4MMM. Channel Nine Queensland also sponsors the Broncos, although former player Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. In 2012, local Brisbane based company Firstmac Home Loans replaced WOW sight & Sound as sleeve sponsor for 3 years to launch into the retail financial services market. This sponsorship took only 9 days to negotiate following the announcement of WOW Sight & Sound going into receivership. Firstmac stipulated a unique clause in their contract that they could pay for 250 tickets to be distributed to WOW Sight & Sound staff that lost their jobs. Firstmac has since launched a Firstmac Broncos home loan in conjunction with their new sponsorship agreement. The club's apparel is manufactured by Nike. Due to the club's premiership success and its being the dominant Queensland team in the competition for the majority of its participation, the Brisbane Broncos' list of representative players is extensive. Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20-man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20-year anniversary. Updated: 9 May 2007Source(s): Broncos Name Legends Team The Brisbane Broncos are the second most successful club in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 63.63% of their games, as of 29 August 2012. This is marginally less (0.01%) than first placed Melbourne Storm. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of seven Grand Finals, winning 6 and losing 1 to the North Qld Cowboys in 2015. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Former team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for both the club and National League. Lockyer did also hold the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,171 since his debut in 1995, until Corey Parker overtook him in August, 2015. Darren Lockyer also holds the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Steve Renouf holds the record for the most career tries for the club with 142. Renouf also shares the club record for the most number of tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008, breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48–12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf, Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and Israel Folau. Renouf achieved this feat five times from 1991 to 1998. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71–6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 56–0 loss by the Canberra Raiders on 1 August 2009. The Paul Morgan Medal is awarded annually to the Brisbane Broncos' player of the year. it is named after one of the club's founders, Paul 'Porky' Morgan. Official Sites Statistics & Information Sites Supporter Sites Former Top-Flight Competition: Brisbane Rugby League premiership",1
Safari (web browser),"Safari (web browser)  2018-01-03T22:22:03Z  Safari is a web browser developed by Apple based on the WebKit engine. First released in 2003 with Mac OS X Panther, a mobile version has been included in iOS devices since the introduction of the iPhone in 2007. It is the default browser on Apple devices. A Windows version, now discontinued, was available from 2007 to 2012. Until 1997, Apple Macintosh computers were shipped with the Netscape Navigator and Cyberdog web browsers only. Internet Explorer for Mac was later included as the default web browser for Mac OS 8.1 and onwards, as part of a five-year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. During that time, Microsoft released three major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac that were bundled with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9, though Apple continued to include Netscape Navigator as an alternative. Microsoft ultimately released a Mac OS X edition of Internet Explorer for Mac, which was included as the default browser in all Mac OS X releases from Mac OS X DP4 up to and including Mac OS X v10.2. On January 7, 2003, at Macworld San Francisco, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed their own web browser, called Safari. It was based on Apple's internal fork of the KHTML rendering engine, called WebKit. Apple released the first beta version for OS X that day. A number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. Initially only available as a separate download for Mac OS X v10.2, it was included with the Mac OS X v10.3 release on October 24, 2003 as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. 1.0.3, released on August 13, 2004 was the last version to support Mac OS X v10.2, while 1.3.2, released on January 12, 2006 was the last version to support Mac OS X v10.3. However, 10.3 received security updates through 2007. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his study by fixing specific bugs in Safari, thereby enabling it to pass the Acid2 test developed by the Web Standards Project. On April 27, 2005, he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. Safari 2.0 was released on April 29, 2005, as the only web browser included with Mac OS X v10.4. This version was touted by Apple as possessing a 1.8x speed boost over version 1.2.4, but did not yet include the Acid2 bug fixes. The necessary changes were initially unavailable to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at OpenDarwin.org. Apple eventually released version 2.0.2 of Safari, which included the modifications required to pass Acid2, on October 31, 2005. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements, remains proprietary. The final stable version of Safari 2, Safari 2.0.4, was released on January 10, 2006 for Mac OS X. It was only available as part of Mac OS X Update 10.4.4. This version addresses layout and CPU usage issues, among others. Safari 2.0.4 was the last version to be released exclusively on Mac OS X until version 6 in 2012. On January 9, 2007, at Macworld SF, Jobs announced Apple's iPhone, which would use a mobile version of the Safari browser. On June 11, 2007, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, Jobs announced Safari 3 for Mac OS X v10.5, Windows XP, and Windows Vista. During the announcement, he ran a benchmark based on the iBench browser test suite comparing the most popular Windows browsers, hence claiming that Safari was the fastest browser. Later third-party tests of HTTP load times would support Apple's claim that Safari 3 was indeed the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, though it was found to be only negligibly faster than Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox when loading static content from local cache. The initial Safari 3 beta version for Windows, released on the same day as its announcement at WWDC 2007, had several known bugs and a zero day exploit that allowed remote execution. The addressed bugs were then corrected by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1 for Windows. On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance issues and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handles some fonts that are missing in the browser but already installed on Windows computers, such as Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, and others. The iPhone was formally released on June 29, 2007. It includes a version of Safari based on the same WebKit rendering engine as the desktop version, but with a modified feature set better suited for a mobile device. The version number of Safari as reported in its user agent string is 3.0, in line with the contemporary desktop versions of Safari. The first stable, non-beta release of Safari for Windows, Safari 3.1, was offered as a free download on March 18, 2008. In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2, addressing a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop. Safari 3.2, released on November 13, 2008, introduced anti-phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support. The final version of Safari 3 is 3.2.3, released on May 12, 2009. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit development team announced SquirrelFish, a new JavaScript engine that vastly improves Safari's speed at interpreting scripts. The engine is one of the new features in Safari 4, released to developers on June 11, 2008. The new JavaScript engine quickly evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme, featuring even further improved performance over SquirrelFish, and was eventually marketed as Nitro. A public beta of Safari 4 was released on February 24, 2009, with new features such as the Top Sites tool (similar to Opera's Speed Dial feature), which displays the user's most visited sites on a 3D wall. Cover Flow, a feature of Mac OS X and iTunes, was also implemented in Safari. In the public beta versions, tabs were placed in the title bar of the window, similar to Google Chrome. The tab bar was moved back to its original location, below the URL bar, in the final release. The Windows version adopted a native Windows theme, rather than the previously employed Mac OS X-style interface. Also Apple removed the blue progress bar located in the address bar (later reinstated in Safari 5). Safari 4.0.1 was released for Mac on June 17 and fixed problems with Faces in iPhoto '09. Safari 4 in Mac OS X v10.6 ""Snow Leopard"" has 64-bit support, which can make JavaScript loading up to 50% faster. It also has built-in crash resistance unique to Snow Leopard; crash resistance will keep the browser intact if a plug-in like Flash player crashes, such that the other tabs or windows will be unaffected. Safari 4.0.4, released on November 11, 2009 for both OS X and Windows, further improves JavaScript performance. Safari was one of the twelve browsers offered to EU users of Microsoft Windows in 2010. It was one of the five browsers displayed on the first page of browser choices along with Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Opera. Beginning with Safari 4, the address bar has been completely revamped: Safari on Mac OS X and Windows was made to look more similar to Safari on iPhone than previous versions. Safari 4 also includes the following new features: Apple released Safari 5 on June 7, 2010, featuring the new Safari Reader for reading articles on the web without distraction (based on Arc90's Readability tool), and a 30 percent JavaScript performance increase over Safari 4. Safari 5 includes improved developer tools and supports more than a dozen new HTML5 technologies, focused on interoperability. With Safari 5, developers can now create secure Safari Extensions to customize and enhance the browsing experience. Apple also re-added the progress bar behind the address bar in this release. Safari 5.0.1 enabled the Extensions PrefPane by default; previously, users had to enable it via the Debug menu. Apple also released Safari 4.1 concurrently with Safari 5, exclusively for Mac OS X Tiger. The update included the majority of the features and security enhancements found in Safari 5. It did not, however, include Safari Reader or Safari Extensions. Together with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, Apple released Safari 5.1 for both Windows and Mac on July 20, 2011, with the new function 'Reading List' and a faster browsing experience. Apple simultaneously released Safari 5.0.6 for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, excluding Leopard users from the new functions in Safari 5.1. Safari 5.1.7 has become the last version of Safari developed for Windows. Safari 5 includes the following new features: Additionally, the blue inline progress bar has returned to the address bar, in addition to the spinning bezel and loading indicator introduced in Safari 4. Top Sites view now has a button to switch to Full History Search. Other features include Extension builder for developers of Safari Extensions, which are built using web standards such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Safari 6.0 was previously known as Safari 5.2 until Apple announced the change at WWDC 2012. The stable release of Safari 6 coincided with the release of OS X Mountain Lion on July 25, 2012, and is integrated into the OS. As Apple integrated it with Mountain Lion, it is no longer available for download from the Apple website or other sources. Apple released Safari 6 via Software Update for users of OS X Lion. It has not been released for OS X versions prior to Lion or for Windows. Regarding the unavailability of Safari 6 on Windows, Apple has stated ""Safari 6 is available for Mountain Lion and Lion. Safari 5 continues to be available for Windows."" Microsoft removed Safari from its BrowserChoice page. On June 11, 2012, Apple released a developer preview of Safari 6.0 with a feature called iCloud Tabs, which allows users to 'sync' their open tabs with any iOS or other OS X device running the latest software. Safari 6 also included new privacy features, including an ""Ask websites not to track me"" preference, and the ability for websites to send OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion users notifications, although it removed RSS support. Safari 6 has the Share Sheets capability in OS X Mountain Lion. The Share Sheet options are: Add to Reading List, Add Bookmark, Email this Page, Message, Twitter and Facebook. Users can now see tabs with full page previews available. Safari 6 introduced the following features, many of which are only available on OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: Additionally various features were removed, including, but not limited to, Activity Window, separate Download Window, direct support for RSS feeds in the URL field and bookmarks. The separate search field is also no longer available as a toolbar configuration option. Announced at Apple's Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) on June 10, 2013, the Safari 7/6.1 developer preview brought improvements in JavaScript performance and memory usage, as well as a new look for Top Sites and the Sidebar, and a new Shared Links feature. Additionally, a new Power Saver feature pauses Plugins which are not in use. Safari 7 for OS X Mavericks and Safari 6.1 (for Lion and Mountain Lion) were released along with OS X Mavericks in an Apple special event on October 22, 2013. Safari 8 was announced at WWDC 2014 and released with OS X Yosemite. It included WebGL support, stronger privacy features, increased speed and efficiency, enhanced iCloud integration, and updated design. Safari 8 introduced the following features, available on OS X Yosemite: Safari 9 was announced at WWDC 2015 and released with OS X El Capitan. It included muting tabs and pinned tabs. Safari 10 was released alongside macOS Sierra 10.12 for OS X Yosemite and OS X El Capitan. It does not include all of the new features available in macOS Sierra, like Apple Pay on the web and picture-in-picture support for videos, but the update includes the following new functions: Safari 10 also includes a number of security updates, including fixes for six WebKit vulnerabilities and issues related to Reader and Tabs. Safari 11 was released as a part of macOS High Sierra but was also made available for OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra on September 19, 2017. Safari 11 includes several new features such a Intelligent Tracking Prevention feature which prevents websites from cross-site tracking. Safari Technology Preview was first released alongside OS X El Capitan 10.11.4. Safari Technology Preview releases include the latest version of WebKit, incorporating Web technologies to be incorporated in future stable releases of Safari, so that developers and users can install the Technology Preview release on a Mac, test those features, and provide feedback. On macOS, Safari is a Cocoa application. It uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (originally based on KDE's JavaScript engine, named KJS). Like KHTML and KJS, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. Until Safari 6.0, it included a built-in web feed aggregator that supported the RSS and Atom standards. Current features include Private Browsing (a mode in which no record of information about the user's web activity is retained by the browser), an ""Ask websites not to track me"" privacy setting, the ability to archive web content in WebArchive format, the ability to email complete web pages directly from a browser menu, the ability to search bookmarks, and the ability to share tabs between all Mac and iOS devices running appropriate versions of software via an iCloud account. iOS-specific features for Safari enable: WebKit2 is a multiprocess API for WebKit, where the web-content is handled by a separate process than the application using WebKit. Apple announced WebKit2 in April 2010. Safari for OS X switched to the new API with version 5.1. Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8. Apple maintains a plugin blacklist that it can remotely update to prevent potentially dangerous or vulnerable plug-ins from running on Safari. So far, Apple has blocked versions of Flash and Java. The license has common terms against reverse engineering, copying and sub-licensing, except parts that are open source, and it disclaims warranties and liability. Apple tracks use of the browser. Windows users may not opt out of tracking, since their license omits the opening If clause. Other users may opt out, and all users can opt out of location tracking by not using location services. ""If you choose to allow diagnostic and usage collection, you agree that Apple and its subsidiaries and agents may collect... usage and related information... to provide ... services to you (if any) related to the Apple Software... in a form that does not personally identify you... Apple may also provide any such partner or third party developer with a subset of diagnostic information that is relevant to that partner’s or developer’s software... Apple and its partners, licensees, third party developers and website may transmit, collect, maintain, process and use your location data... and location search queries... in a form that does not personally identify you ... You may withdraw this consent at any time..."" Apple thinks ""personal"" does not cover ""unique device identifiers"" such as serial number, cookie number, or IP address, so they use these where allowed by law. ""We may collect, use, transfer, and disclose non-personal information for any purpose. The following are some examples of non-personal information that we collect ... unique device identifier... We treat information collected by cookies and other technologies as non‑personal information. However, to the extent that Internet Protocol (IP) addresses or similar identifiers are considered personal information by local law, we also treat these identifiers as personal information."" In September 2017 Apple announced that it will use artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce the ability of advertisers to track Safari users as they browse the web. Cookies used for tracking will be allowed for 24 hours, then disabled, unless AI judges the user wants the cookie. Major advertising groups objected, saying it will reduce the free services supported by advertising, while other experts praised the change. In the PWN2OWN contest at the 2008 CanSecWest security conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, an exploit of Safari caused Mac OS X to be the first OS to fall in a hacking competition. Participants competed to find a way to read the contents of a file located on the user's desktop in one of three operating systems: Mac OS X Leopard, Windows Vista SP1, and Ubuntu 7.10. On the second day of the contest, when users were allowed to physically interact with the computers (the prior day permitted only network attacks), Charlie Miller compromised Mac OS X through an unpatched vulnerability of the PCRE library used by Safari. Miller was aware of the flaw before the conference and worked to exploit it unannounced, as is the common approach in these contests. The exploited vulnerability and other flaws were patched in Safari 3.1.1. In the 2009 PWN2OWN contest, Charlie Miller performed another exploit of Safari to hack into a Mac. Miller again acknowledged that he knew about the security flaw before the competition and had done considerable research and preparation work on the exploit. Apple released a patch for this exploit and others on May 12, 2009 with Safari 3.2.3. Safari 6.0 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.7.4 or later. Safari 5.1.7 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.6.8 or any PC running Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later, Windows Vista, or Windows 7. Safari 5.0.6 requires a Mac running on Mac OS X 10.5.8. The version of Safari included in Mac OS X v10.6 (and later versions) is compiled for 64-bit architecture. Apple claims that running Safari in 64-bit mode will increase rendering speeds by up to 50%. On 64-bit devices, iOS and its stock apps are 64-bit builds including Safari. An earlier version of Apple Software Update (bundled with Safari, QuickTime, and iTunes for Microsoft Windows) selected Safari for installation from a list of Apple programs to download by default, even when a pre-existing installation of Safari was not detected on a user's machine. John Lilly, former CEO of Mozilla, stated that Apple's use of its updating software to promote its other products was ""a bad practice and should stop."" He argued that the practice ""borders on malware distribution practices"" and ""undermines the trust that we're all trying to build with users."" Apple spokesman Bill Evans sidestepped Lilly's statement, saying that Apple was only ""using Software Update to make it easy and convenient for both Mac and Windows users to get the latest Safari update from Apple."" Apple also released a new version of Apple Software Update that puts new software in its own section, though still selected for installation by default. By late 2008, Apple Software Update no longer selected new installation items in the new software section by default. Software security firm Sophos detailed how Snow Leopard and Windows users were not supported by the Safari 6 release at the time, while there were over 121 vulnerabilities left unpatched on those platforms. Since then, Snow Leopard has had only three minor version releases (the most recent in September 2013), and Windows has had none. While no official word has been released by Apple, the indication is that these are the final versions available for these operating systems, and both retain significant security issues. While Safari pioneered several now standard HTML5 features (such as the Canvas API) in its early years, it has increasingly come under attack for failing to keep pace with modern web standards. In the past, Apple did not allow third party web browsers under iOS, but now there are plenty of web browsers available for iOS, including Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Edge. However, due to Apple developer's policies, browsers like Firefox for iOS needed to change its internal browser engine from Gecko to WebKit. There are ongoing lawsuits in France related with Apple policies for developers. The Safari Developer Program was a free program for writers of extensions and HTML5 websites. It allowed members to develop extensions for Apple's Safari web browser. Since WWDC 2015 it is part of the unified Apple Developer Program, which costs $99 a year. ,  Safari (web browser)  2019-12-30T20:10:36Z  Safari is a graphical web browser developed by Apple, based on the WebKit engine. First released on desktop in 2003 with Mac OS X Panther, a mobile version has been bundled with iOS devices since the iPhone's introduction in 2007. Safari is the default browser on Apple devices. A Windows version was available from 2007 to 2012. Until 1997, Apple’s Macintosh computers shipped with the Netscape Navigator and Cyberdog web browsers only. Internet Explorer for Mac was later included as the default web browser for Mac OS 8.1 and later, as part of a five-year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. During that time, Microsoft released three major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac that were bundled with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9, though Apple continued to include Netscape Navigator as an alternative. Microsoft ultimately released a Mac OS X edition of Internet Explorer for Mac, which was included as the default browser in all Mac OS X releases from Mac OS X DP4 up to and including Mac OS X v10.2. On January 7, 2003, at Macworld San Francisco, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed its own web browser, called Safari. It was based on Apple's internal fork of the KHTML rendering engine, called WebKit. The company released the first beta version, available only for Mac OS X, later that day. A number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, up until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. Initially only available as a separate download for Mac OS X 10.2, Safari was bundled with Mac OS X v10.3 on October 24, 2003 as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. Version 1.0.3, released on August 13, 2004 was the last version to support Mac OS X 10.2, while 1.3.2, released on January 12, 2006 was the last version to support Mac OS X 10.3. However, 10.3 received security updates through 2007. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his study by fixing specific bugs in Safari, thereby enabling it to pass the Acid2 test developed by the Web Standards Project. On April 27, 2005, he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. Safari 2.0 was released on April 29, 2005, as the only web browser included with Mac OS X 10.4. This version was touted by Apple as possessing a 1.8x speed boost over version 1.2.4, but did not yet include the Acid2 bug fixes. The necessary changes were initially unavailable to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at OpenDarwin.org. Apple eventually released version 2.0.2 of Safari, which included the modifications required to pass Acid2, on October 31, 2005. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements, remains proprietary. The final stable version of Safari 2, Safari 2.0.4, was released on January 10, 2006 for Mac OS X. It was only available as part of Mac OS X Update 10.4.4. This version addressed layout and CPU usage issues, among other improvements. Safari 2.0.4 was the last version to be released exclusively on Mac OS X. On January 9, 2007, at Macworld SF, Jobs announced the iPhone. The device’s operating system (later called iPhone OS and subsequently renamed to iOS) used a mobile version of the Safari browser and was able to display full, desktop-class websites. On June 11, 2007, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, Jobs announced Safari 3 for Mac OS X 10.5, Windows XP, and Windows Vista. During the announcement, he ran a benchmark based on the iBench browser test suite comparing the most popular Windows browsers, hence claiming that Safari was the fastest browser. Later third-party tests of HTTP load times would support Apple's claim that Safari 3 was indeed the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, though it was found to be only negligibly faster than Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox when loading static content from local cache. The initial Safari 3 beta version for Windows, released on the same day as its announcement at WWDC 2007, had several known bugs and a zero day exploit that allowed remote execution. The addressed bugs were then corrected by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1 for Windows. On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance issues and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handles some fonts that are missing in the browser but already installed on Windows computers, such as Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, and others. The iPhone was formally released on June 29, 2007. It included a version of Safari based on the same WebKit rendering engine as the desktop version, but with a modified feature set better suited for a mobile device. The version number of Safari as reported in its user agent string is 3.0, in line with the contemporary desktop versions of Safari. The first stable, non-beta release of Safari for Windows, Safari 3.1, was offered as a free download on March 18, 2008. In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2, addressing a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop. Safari 3.2, released on November 13, 2008, introduced anti-phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support. The final version of Safari 3 is 3.2.3, released on May 12, 2009. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit development team announced SquirrelFish, a new JavaScript engine that vastly improves Safari's speed at interpreting scripts. The engine is one of the new features in Safari 4, released to developers on June 11, 2008. The new JavaScript engine quickly evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme, featuring even further improved performance over SquirrelFish, and was eventually marketed as Nitro. A public beta of Safari 4 was released on February 24, 2009, with new features such as the Top Sites tool (similar to Opera's Speed Dial feature), which displays the user's most visited sites on a 3D wall. Cover Flow, a feature of Mac OS X and iTunes, was also implemented in Safari. In the public beta versions, tabs were placed in the title bar of the window, similar to Google Chrome. The tab bar was moved back to its original location, below the URL bar, in the final release. The Windows version adopted a native Windows theme, rather than the previously employed Mac OS X-style interface. Also Apple removed the blue progress bar located in the address bar (later reinstated in Safari 5). Safari 4.0.1 was released for Mac on June 17, 2009 and fixed problems with Faces in iPhoto '09. Safari 4 in Mac OS X v10.6 ""Snow Leopard"" has 64-bit support, which can make JavaScript loading up to 50% faster. It also has built-in crash resistance unique to Snow Leopard; crash resistance will keep the browser intact if a plug-in like Flash player crashes, such that the other tabs or windows will be unaffected. Safari 4.0.4, released on November 11, 2009 for both OS X and Windows, further improves JavaScript performance. Safari was one of the twelve browsers offered to EU users of Microsoft Windows in 2010. It was one of the five browsers displayed on the first page of browser choices along with Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Opera. Beginning with Safari 4, the address bar has been completely revamped: Safari on Mac OS X and Windows was made to look more similar to Safari on iPhone than previous versions. Safari 4 also includes the following new features: Apple released Safari 5 on June 7, 2010, featuring the new Safari Reader for reading articles on the web without distraction (based on Arc90's Readability tool), and a 30 percent JavaScript performance increase over Safari 4. Safari 5 includes improved developer tools and supports more than a dozen new HTML5 technologies, focused on interoperability. With Safari 5, developers can now create secure Safari Extensions to customize and enhance the browsing experience. Apple also re-added the progress bar behind the address bar in this release. Safari 5.0.1 enabled the Extensions PrefPane by default; previously, users had to enable it via the Debug menu. Apple also released Safari 4.1 concurrently with Safari 5, exclusively for Mac OS X Tiger. The update included the majority of the features and security enhancements found in Safari 5. It did not, however, include Safari Reader or Safari Extensions. Together with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, Apple released Safari 5.1 for both Windows and Mac on July 20, 2011, with the new function 'Reading List' and a faster browsing experience. Apple simultaneously released Safari 5.0.6 for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, excluding Leopard users from the new functions in Safari 5.1. Safari 5.1.7 has become the last version of Safari developed for Windows. Safari 5 includes the following new features: Additionally, the blue inline progress bar has returned to the address bar, in addition to the spinning bezel and loading indicator introduced in Safari 4. Top Sites view now has a button to switch to Full History Search. Other features include Extension builder for developers of Safari Extensions, which are built using web standards such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Safari 6.0 was previously known as Safari 5.2 until Apple announced the change at WWDC 2012. The stable release of Safari 6 coincided with the release of OS X Mountain Lion on July 25, 2012, and is integrated into the OS. As Apple integrated it with Mountain Lion, it is no longer available for download from the Apple website or other sources. Apple released Safari 6 via Software Update for users of OS X Lion. It has not been released for OS X versions prior to Lion or for Windows. Regarding the unavailability of Safari 6 on Windows, Apple has stated ""Safari 6 is available for Mountain Lion and Lion. Safari 5 continues to be available for Windows."" Microsoft removed Safari from its BrowserChoice page. On June 11, 2012, Apple released a developer preview of Safari 6.0 with a feature called iCloud Tabs, which allows users to 'sync' their open tabs with any iOS or other OS X device running the latest software. Safari 6 also included new privacy features, including an ""Ask websites not to track me"" preference, and the ability for websites to send OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion users notifications, although it removed RSS support. Safari 6 has the Share Sheets capability in OS X Mountain Lion. The Share Sheet options are: Add to Reading List, Add Bookmark, Email this Page, Message, Twitter and Facebook. Users can now see tabs with full page previews available. Safari 6 introduced the following features, many of which are only available on OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: Additionally various features were removed, including, but not limited to, Activity Window, separate Download Window, direct support for RSS feeds in the URL field and bookmarks. The separate search field is also no longer available as a toolbar configuration option. Announced at Apple's Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) on June 10, 2013, the Safari 7/6.1 developer preview brought improvements in JavaScript performance and memory usage, as well as a new look for Top Sites and the Sidebar, and a new Shared Links feature. Additionally, a new Power Saver feature pauses Plugins which are not in use. Safari 7 for OS X Mavericks and Safari 6.1 (for Lion and Mountain Lion) were released along with OS X Mavericks in an Apple special event on October 22, 2013. Safari 8 was announced at WWDC 2014 and released with OS X Yosemite. It included WebGL support, stronger privacy features, increased speed and efficiency, enhanced iCloud integration, and updated design. Safari 8 introduced the following features, available on OS X Yosemite: Safari 9 was announced at WWDC 2015 and released with OS X El Capitan. It included muting tabs and pinned tabs. Safari 10 was released alongside macOS Sierra 10.12 for OS X Yosemite and OS X El Capitan. It does not include all of the new features available in macOS Sierra, like Apple Pay on the web and picture-in-picture support for videos, but the update includes the following new functions: Safari 10 also includes a number of security updates, including fixes for six WebKit vulnerabilities and issues related to Reader and Tabs. First version of safari 10 was released in September 20, 2016 and last version 10.1.2 was released on July 19, 2017. Safari 11 was released as a part of macOS High Sierra but was also made available for OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra on September 19, 2017. Safari 11 included several new features such as Intelligent Tracking Prevention which aims to prevent cross-site tracking by placing limitations on cookies and other website data. Safari 12 was released in the lead up to macOS Mojave but was also made available for macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra on September 17, 2018. Safari 12 includes several new features such as Icons in tabs, Automatic Strong Passwords, and Intelligent Tracking Prevention 2.0. An updated Safari version 12.0.1 was released on October 30, 2018 as part of MacOS Mojave 10.14.1 release, and Safari 12.0.2 was released on December 5, 2018, alongside macOS 10.14.2. Support for developer-signed classic Safari Extensions has been dropped. This version will also be the last one that supports the official Extensions Gallery, and Apple encourages extension authors to switch to Safari App Extensions. This move triggered negative feedback in the community. Safari 13 was announced alongside macOS Catalina at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019. Safari 13 includes several new features such as prompting users to change weak passwords, FIDO2 USB security key authentication support, Sign in with Apple support, Apple Pay on the Web support, and increased speed and security. Safari 13 was released on September 20, 2019 on macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra. Safari Technology Preview was first released alongside OS X El Capitan 10.11.4. Safari Technology Preview releases include the latest version of WebKit, incorporating Web technologies to be incorporated in future stable releases of Safari, so that developers and users can install the Technology Preview release on a Mac, test those features, and provide feedback. On macOS, Safari is a Cocoa application. It uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (originally based on KDE's JavaScript engine, named KJS). Like KHTML and KJS, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. Until Safari 6.0, it included a built-in web feed aggregator that supported the RSS and Atom standards. Current features include Private Browsing (a mode in which no record of information about the user's web activity is retained by the browser), an ""Ask websites not to track me"" privacy setting, the ability to archive web content in WebArchive format, the ability to email complete web pages directly from a browser menu, the ability to search bookmarks, and the ability to share tabs between all Mac and iOS devices running appropriate versions of software via an iCloud account. iOS-specific features for Safari enable: WebKit2 has a multiprocess API for WebKit, where the web-content is handled by a separate process than the application using WebKit. Apple announced WebKit2 in April 2010. Safari for OS X switched to the new API with version 5.1. Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8. Apple maintains a plugin blacklist that it can remotely update to prevent potentially dangerous or vulnerable plug-ins from running on Safari. Initially, Apple had blocked versions of Flash and Java, but since Safari 12 support for NPAPI plugins (except for Flash) have been completely dropped. The license has common terms against reverse engineering, copying and sub-licensing, except parts that are open source, and it disclaims warranties and liability. Apple tracks use of the browser. Windows users may not opt out of tracking, since their license omits the opening If clause. Other users may opt out, and all users can opt out of location tracking by not using location services. ""If you choose to allow diagnostic and usage collection, you agree that Apple and its subsidiaries and agents may collect... usage and related information... to provide ... services to you (if any) related to the Apple Software... in a form that does not personally identify you... Apple may also provide any such partner or third party developer with a subset of diagnostic information that is relevant to that partner’s or developer’s software... Apple and its partners, licensees, third party developers and website may transmit, collect, maintain, process and use your location data... and location search queries... in a form that does not personally identify you ... You may withdraw this consent at any time..."" Apple thinks ""personal"" does not cover ""unique device identifiers"" such as serial number, cookie number, or IP address, so they use these where allowed by law. ""We may collect, use, transfer, and disclose non-personal information for any purpose. The following are some examples of non-personal information that we collect ... unique device identifier... We treat information collected by cookies and other technologies as non‑personal information. However, to the extent that Internet Protocol (IP) addresses or similar identifiers are considered personal information by local law, we also treat these identifiers as personal information."" In September 2017 Apple announced that it will use artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce the ability of advertisers to track Safari users as they browse the web. Cookies used for tracking will be allowed for 24 hours, then disabled, unless AI judges the user wants the cookie. Major advertising groups objected, saying it will reduce the free services supported by advertising, while other experts praised the change. An overview and detailed information about Safari exploits is listed by CVE Details. In the PWN2OWN contest at the 2008 CanSecWest security conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, an exploit of Safari caused Mac OS X to be the first OS to fall in a hacking competition. Participants competed to find a way to read the contents of a file located on the user's desktop in one of three operating systems: Mac OS X Leopard, Windows Vista SP1, and Ubuntu 7.10. On the second day of the contest, when users were allowed to physically interact with the computers (the prior day permitted only network attacks), Charlie Miller compromised Mac OS X through an unpatched vulnerability of the PCRE library used by Safari. Miller was aware of the flaw before the conference and worked to exploit it unannounced, as is the common approach in these contests. The exploited vulnerability and other flaws were patched in Safari 3.1.1. In the 2009 PWN2OWN contest, Charlie Miller performed another exploit of Safari to hack into a Mac. Miller again acknowledged that he knew about the security flaw before the competition and had done considerable research and preparation work on the exploit. Apple released a patch for this exploit and others on May 12, 2009 with Safari 3.2.3. Safari 6.0 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.7.4 or later. Safari 5.1.7 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.6.8 or any PC running Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later, Windows Vista, or Windows 7. Safari 5.0.6 requires a Mac running on Mac OS X 10.5.8. The version of Safari included in Mac OS X v10.6 (and later versions) is compiled for 64-bit architecture. Apple claims that running Safari in 64-bit mode will increase rendering speeds by up to 50%. On 64-bit devices, iOS and its stock apps are 64-bit builds including Safari. An earlier version of Apple Software Update (bundled with Safari, QuickTime, and iTunes for Microsoft Windows) selected Safari for installation from a list of Apple programs to download by default, even when an existing installation of Safari was not detected on a user's machine. John Lilly, former CEO of Mozilla, stated that Apple's use of its updating software to promote its other products was ""a bad practice and should stop."" He argued that the practice ""borders on malware distribution practices"" and ""undermines the trust that we're all trying to build with users."" Apple spokesman Bill Evans sidestepped Lilly's statement, saying that Apple was only ""using Software Update to make it easy and convenient for both Mac and Windows users to get the latest Safari update from Apple."" Apple also released a new version of Apple Software Update that puts new software in its own section, though still selected for installation by default. By late 2008, Apple Software Update no longer selected new installation items in the new software section by default. Software security firm Sophos detailed how Snow Leopard and Windows users were not supported by the Safari 6 release at the time, while there were over 121 vulnerabilities left unpatched on those platforms. Since then, Snow Leopard has had only three minor version releases (the most recent in September 2013), and Windows has had none. While no official word has been released by Apple, the indication is that these are the final versions available for these operating systems, and both retain significant security issues. While Safari pioneered several now standard HTML5 features (such as the Canvas API) in its early years, it has come under attack for failing to keep pace with some modern web technologies. In the past, Apple did not allow third party web browsers under iOS, but since the 2015 opening of iOS to 3rd party web browsers, there are plenty of web browsers available for iOS, including Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Edge. However, due to Apple developer's policies, browsers like Firefox for iOS needed to change its internal browser engine from Gecko to WebKit. There are ongoing lawsuits in France related with Apple policies for developers. Beginning in 2018, Apple made technical changes to Safari's content blocking functionality which prompted backlash from users and developers of ad blocking extensions, who said the changes made it impossible to offer a similar level of user protection found in other browsers. Internally, the update limited the number of blocking rules which could be applied by third-party extensions, preventing the full implementation of community-developed blocklists. In response, several developers of popular ad and tracking blockers announced their products were being discontinued, as they were now incompatible with Safari's newly-limited content blocking features. As a matter of policy, Apple requires the use of WebKit, Safari's underlying rendering engine, in all browsers developed for its iOS platform, preventing users from installing any competing product which offers full ad blocking functionality. Beginning with Safari 13, popular extensions such as UBlock Origin will no longer work. The Safari Developer Program was a free program for writers of extensions and HTML5 websites. It allowed members to develop extensions for Apple's Safari web browser. Since WWDC 2015 it is part of the unified Apple Developer Program, which costs $99 a year.",1
"Canterbury_College,_Oxford","Canterbury_College,_Oxford  2009-09-19T13:47:53Z   Canterbury College, Oxford was a University of Oxford college owned and run by Christ Church Priory, Canterbury. The Priory first sent 4 monks to study in Oxford in 1311, in a hall it had bought there near the church of St. Peter-in-the-East, but the actual college was founded in 1362 by Simon Islip, archbishop of Canterbury, in the parish of St. Edward. It was to consist of twelve students (initially 4 monks and 8 ""secular clerks"" - ie students who were not monks), under a warden, who would be a monk chosen by the Priory's prior and admitted by the archbishop. Its endowment was granted in 1363, and included the church of Pagham, Sussex, along with (initially) eight Oxford houses' rents and a portion of the rents from Woodford, Northamptonshire and Worminghall, Buckinghamshire, where the Priory had manors. Other endowments came in 1373, 1380, and 1392, eventually coming to about £86 a year, although these all gradually disappeared. The licence to acquire land for building was only given in 1364 and, although a year later Islip pulled out the monks and turned the warden into a secular clerk (called John Wiclif), Islip's successor William Edington put the monks back in place and had the pope expel all the secular clerks in 1370. One more monk was added in 1383, with the Priory paying for all 5 monks' maintenance at 10 pennies per week per monk. One of its students from Canterbury Priory was Thomas Chillenden, later Prior of the monastery. Rooms were rented to other Benedictine monasteries' members, including Rochester, Coventry, Battle, Peterborough, and Evesham, though all inmates were to a greater or lesser extent subject to Gloucester College's 'prior studentium'. In 1426 the 'prior studentium' complained that Canterbury College's students were breaking Benedictine rules on eating meat. Shortly after the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, the college's hall, chapel and other buildings were acquired by Christ Church. 51°45′13″N 1°15′00″W / 51. 7535°N 1. 2500°W / 51. 7535; -1. 2500,  Canterbury_College,_Oxford  2012-09-24T14:18:41Z   Canterbury College, Oxford was a University of Oxford college owned and run by Christ Church Priory, Canterbury. The Priory first sent 4 monks to study in Oxford in 1311, in a hall it had bought there near the church of St. Peter-in-the-East, but the actual college was founded in 1362 by Simon Islip, archbishop of Canterbury, in the parish of St. Edward. It was to consist of twelve students (initially 4 monks and 8 ""secular clerks"" - i. e. ordained clergy who were not monks), under a warden, who would be a monk chosen by the Priory's prior and admitted by the archbishop. Its endowment was granted in 1363, and included the church of Pagham, Sussex, along with (initially) eight Oxford houses' rents and a portion of the rents from Woodford, Northamptonshire and Worminghall, Buckinghamshire, where the Priory had manors. Other endowments came in 1373, 1380, and 1392, eventually coming to about £86 a year, although these all gradually disappeared. The licence to acquire land for building was only given in 1364 though a year later Islip pulled out the monks and appointed as warden a secular clerk, John Wycliffe. Then in 1366 Islip's successor as archbishop, Simon Langham, wished to put the monks back in place and litigation at the Roman Curia ensued. In 1368 Langham was appointed Cardinal and his influence induced the Curia to give judgment in favour of the monks in 1370. One more monk was added in 1383, with the Priory paying for all 5 monks' maintenance at 10 pennies per week per monk. One of its students from Canterbury Priory was Thomas Chillenden, later Prior of the monastery. Rooms were rented to other Benedictine monasteries' members, including Rochester, Coventry, Battle, Peterborough, and Evesham, though all inmates were to a greater or lesser extent subject to Gloucester College's 'prior studentium'. In 1426 the 'prior studentium' complained that Canterbury College's students were breaking Benedictine rules on eating meat. Shortly after the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, the college's hall, chapel and other buildings were acquired by Christ Church. 51°45′13″N 1°15′00″W / 51. 7535°N 1. 2500°W / 51. 7535; -1. 2500",0
MFI_Foundation,"MFI_Foundation  2007-11-21T05:40:10Z   MFI Foundation Inc. , (formerly Meralco Foundation, Inc. ) is a non-stock, non-profit science foundation providing quality training and education for more than 33 years. Carrying out its mission of serving the less privileged, the MFI Technological Institute (formerly Meralco Foundation Institute) operates our flagship programs - the Industrial Technician Program (ITP), a post-secondary, non-degree course available in full and partial scholarships, and the MFI Training Program, offering certifcate short courses on various technologies like Automotive, Electrical, Electronics, IT, Instrumentation and Mechanical. Our training programs are anchored on work values to enable Filipinos, especially the less privileged, to be productive and more competitive in the global market. Committed to continue its noble beginnings, MFI is now an ISO 9001:2000 certified organization and recognized as a “Model Center of Excellence” by the Asean Economic Minsters-Japan Economic and Industrial Cooperation Committee, as attested by the Department of Trade and Industry Center for Industrial Competitiveness in industrial, technical and vocational education in the country. ""MFInc Home"". Retrieved 2007-11-20. Torres, Ma. Eliza Socco (2005). Thirty Years of MFI: Excellence in Education and Service. Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines: Meralco Foundation, Inc. pp. 1–168. ISBN 971-93374-0-0.,  MFI_Foundation  2009-04-12T07:46:46Z   MFI Foundation Inc. (formerly Meralco Foundation, Inc. ) is a non-stock, non-profit science foundation that has provided quality training and education in the Philippines for more than 30 years. Guided by its goal to see every Filipino pursuing a dignified and gainful living, MFI reaches out to serve in both the industry and agricultural sectors. MFI fulfills its noble purpose through these operation centers: the MFI Technological Institute and the MFI Farm Business Institute. MFI is an ISO 9001:2000 certified organization and recognized as a “Model Center of Excellence” by the Asean Economic Minsters-Japan Economic and Industrial Cooperation Committee, as attested by the Department of Trade and Industry Center for Industrial Competitiveness in industrial, technical and vocational education. The MFI Technological Institute (formerly Meralco Foundation Institute) oversees MFI’s flagship program - the Industrial Technician Program (ITP) which offers post-secondary, non-degree courses on industrial technologies especially to less privileged students. These courses are offered with scholarship on selective basis. MFI-TI is also home to the MFI Training Program which offers certificate short courses for people who are already in the workforce. MFI Training is available under the following technologies: Automotive/RAC, Electrical, Electronics, IT, Instrumentation, and Mechanical (tool and die), and also on soft skills training like human resource development programs and interventions. Aside from its main branch in Ortigas, quality MFI training is also available at MFI-TI’s newest branch in Calamba, Laguna. MFI-TI also co-manages the Tarlac Training Center which is situated at the Luisita Industrial Park in Tarlac City. The MFI Farm Business Institute, currently an institute in its formative stage, aims to provide quality education and training programs for the agri-business sector, and to serve as a catalyst in the development of agri-entrepreneurship. It addresses the growing need for both formal and non-formal education in the agri-business sector which will help transform the farmer into a farmer entrepreneur. It targets individuals and communities from all economic strata, gender, age, educational and professional background. Its proposed human resource development programs for the agri-business sector are geared towards industry and enterprise development that will pave the way towards community economic development. MFI-FBI operates the Jala-Jala Farmers’ Training Center in Brgy. Punta, Jala-Jala, Rizal. It also supports the Bais Family Farm School in Bais City, Negros Oriental. MFI is a foundation that provides quality education and technical training anchored on work values to enable Filipinos, especially the less privileged, to be productive and competitive, utilizing appropriate technologies particularly in industry and agriculture. With its competent and dedicated staff and a network of operating centers linked with other institutions, MFI commits to S. E. R. V. E. (Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, Resourcefulness, Values-centeredness, and Excellence) MFI is committed to be the center of excellence in technical training and agricultural training, education and other services. It shall continually improve its policies, people, processes, facilities and technologies to anticipate and satisfy the expectation of its customers and regulatory body. In its pursuit to be the leading institution, its quality objectives shall be jointly reviewed, formulated and clearly communicated to all its stakeholders. Starting from an investment holding company in 1973, MFI evolved into its true purpose as a fully operating science foundation that provides funding and vocational – technical education to Filipinos. The foundation implements this mission with its operating arm, the MFI Technological Institute ( formerly referred as the Meralco Foundation Institute ), with its flagship programs: the Industrial Technician Program ( ITP ), a post-secondary, non-degree course; and the MFI Training, Technical Short Courses and Human Resource Development Programs. Tribong MFI was born out of concern for the less privileged who cannot afford medical and dental services. Launched in year 2000, Tribong MFI events are a tripartite venture with Local Government Units (LGUs), and volunteer doctors and dentists from private and government sectors. Its medical missions are held periodically in various community sites in Metro Manila and neighboring provinces. To date, Tribong MFI has served more than 150,000 patients through the distribution of general medicine and through pulmonary examinations, pediatric care, de-worming, ECG, X-ray, circumcision, and dental services. ""MFInc Home"". Retrieved 2007-11-20. Torres, Ma. Eliza Socco (2005). Thirty Years of MFI: Excellence in Education and Service. Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines: Meralco Foundation, Inc. pp. 1–168. ISBN 971-93374-0-0. MFI Foundation Inc Industrial Technician Program Family Farm School MFI Calamba Tarlac Training Center",0
1970–71_Boston_Bruins_season,"1970–71_Boston_Bruins_season  2009-06-10T22:47:58Z   The 1970–71 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 45th season in the NHL. Template:NHLSeasonTOC The 1970-71 Bruins set an NHL record by having 10 different skaters score 20 goals or more in a season. The record was broken by the 1977-78 Bruins when they had 11 different skaters with 20 goals or more. The postseason ended too soon for the Bruins as they lost in the opening round to the Montreal Canadiens and their rookie goaltender Ken Dryden in a seven-game upset. Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals       MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts; THIS IS AN INCOMPLETE LIST Defensemen Wingers Centers,  1970–71_Boston_Bruins_season  2011-02-16T21:04:28Z   The 1970–71 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 47th season in the NHL. The 1970-71 Bruins set an NHL record by having 10 different skaters score 20 goals or more in a season. The record was broken by the 1977-78 Bruins when they had 11 different skaters with 20 goals or more. The postseason ended too soon for the Bruins as they lost in the opening round to the Montreal Canadiens and their rookie goaltender Ken Dryden in a seven-game upset. { |Boston Bruins |goaltenders=*1 Eddie Johnston |defence=*4 Bobby Orr (A. Capt. ) |wingers=*8 Ken Hodge |centers=*7 Phil Esposito (A. Capt. ) |- |}",0
Get_Ready_(Human_Nature_album),"Get_Ready_(Human_Nature_album)  2009-12-18T20:58:35Z   Get Ready is the seventh album by Australian boy band and pop vocal group Human Nature and third in their series Motown covers release. It was released on 17 November 2007. The album features guest appearances by Motown legends Smokey Robinson, The Temptations, Mary Wilson of The Supremes, and Martha Reeves. The final installment of the Motown trilogy was recorded in Detroit, Las Vegas and Los Angeles over the summer of 2007. On 24 November 2007 Get Ready hit number two on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart. ,  Get_Ready_(Human_Nature_album)  2010-11-13T06:22:23Z   Get Ready is the seventh album by Australian pop vocal group Human Nature and third in their series Motown covers release. It was released on 17 November 2007. The album features guest appearances by Motown legends Smokey Robinson, The Temptations, Mary Wilson of The Supremes, and Martha Reeves. The final installment of the Motown trilogy was recorded in Detroit, Las Vegas and Los Angeles over the summer of 2007. On 24 November 2007 Get Ready hit number two on the ARIA Australian albums chart.",0
Kerry Club Football Championship,"Kerry Club Football Championship  2008-05-01T14:46:55Z  The kerry club championship was a football championship played between senior clubs in kerry. The last final was played in 2005 were An Gaeltacht,  Kerry Club Football Championship  2009-12-10T20:57:26Z  The kerry club championship was a football championship played between senior clubs in kerry. The last final was played in 2005 were An Ghaeltacht beat Kerins O'Rahilly's. The compitition was restarted in 2009.",1
Laura Benanti,"Laura Benanti  2014-01-22T14:57:06Z  Laura Benanti (born July 15, 1979) is an American actress of television, film and Broadway theatre, also known for her performance as Baroness Elsa Schräder in the 2013 NBC television production of The Sound of Music Live! . Benanti was born in New York City, the daughter of Linda Wonneberger, a vocal coach and former actress, and Martin Vidnovic, a Broadway actor and singer. She is of Yugoslavian, German, Irish, and Native American heritage. When quite young, her parents divorced and she moved to Kinnelon, New Jersey, with her mother and her stepfather Salvatore Benanti, a psychotherapist, whose name she took and whom she has referred to as her father. Benanti remembers being ""very serious"" and ""a bit of an ugly duckling"" as a child, and was intensely interested in musical theatre, which distanced her from other children. (In 2008, Benanti told The New York Times that she drew on this loneliness in her portrayal of the neglected Louise in Gypsy.) Though her parents refused to let Laura audition for professional theatre, Laura appeared in several high school and community productions, including Evita (as Peron's mistress), Follies (as Young Heidi), and Into the Woods (as Cinderella). At 16, Benanti played the title role in her high school production of Hello, Dolly! and won a Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Outstanding Actress in a high school production. She graduated from Kinnelon High School in 1997. In 1998, Paper Mill's then-artistic director Robert Johanson recommended Benanti for the role of Liesl in a Broadway revival of The Sound of Music. Benanti auditioned for the show's producers and was considered too mature-looking to play Liesl, but, after several call-backs, was signed at the age of 18 to play one of the nuns and to understudy Rebecca Luker as Maria. Benanti played the role for two weeks during Luker's vacation, and, at 19, took over the role when Luker left the production. Playbill's Michael Buckley later wrote that Benanti ""was an absolutely wonderful MariaAs do others, I believe that had she opened in the show, Benanti would have been an overnight sensation."" When she was cast in The Sound of Music, Benanti had attended New York University for two weeks; the dean recommended she go on leave to take the job. In 1999, Benanti appeared in the Broadway revue Swing!, for which she received a Tony nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical. In 2000, she co-starred with Donna Murphy in the critically acclaimed City Center Encores! concert production of the Leonard Bernstein-Betty Comden-Adolph Green musical Wonderful Town. In 2002, Benanti played Cinderella (a role she had played as a teenager) in the Broadway revival of Into the Woods, and received both a Tony nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical and a Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. During a mid-performance pratfall in Into the Woods, Benanti fractured her neck, herniating two discs directly onto her spinal cord and cutting off spinal fluid, a condition that sometimes leads to paralysis. The injury was misdiagnosed and Into the Woods producers asked Benanti not to mention her injury; when she began missing performances due to neck problems, rumors spread that Benanti was behaving unprofessionally, something that she calls ""really hurtful."" I had a serious injury and there was absolutely no way I could have done the show. I tried to. I tried to go back and do it but I physically couldn't. "" Benanti was eventually replaced in the show by Erin Dilly. Eight months after her initial injury, Benanti was rediagnosed and received surgery that could have damaged her voice but was successful, though as of 2005 she still experienced neck pain and myelopathy. Three weeks after undergoing spinal surgery, Benanti started previews in March 2003 for the Broadway revival of Nine, in which she played Claudia, a movie star who inspires Guido, a director played by Antonio Banderas. She left the show in September 2003. From April 2006 to December 2006 she played Julia Sullivan in the Broadway musical The Wedding Singer. In July 2007, Benanti played in a three-week limited run of the musical Gypsy in the Encores! production at the New York City Center as Louise, alongside Patti LuPone as Rose and Boyd Gaines as Herbie. In March 2008, the production transferred to Broadway, where it ran until January 2009 and received widespread critical acclaim. Benanti's performance as Louise was praised, with The New York Times's Ben Brantley declaring it ""the performance of her career"". She won several awards, including a Tony for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical, a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical, and an Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. Benanti appeared in The Public Theater's world premiere production of Christopher Durang's play Why Torture Is Wrong, And the People Who Love Them, from April 6, 2009 to April 26, 2009. She next appeared in the Lincoln Center Theater production of Sarah Ruhl's In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) beginning October 22, 2009, and opening November 19, 2009, at the Lyceum Theatre. Benanti appeared in the new musical Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown which played on Broadway from October 8, 2010, until January 2, 2011. Benanti received a Tony Award nomination, and won the Drama Desk Award and Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance. In June 2013, Benanti performed as the soprano soloist in the San Francisco premiere of Andrew Lippa's oratorio, I Am Harvey Milk. She played Goddess in The Public Theater's musical adaptation of The Tempest, which was presented at the Delacorte Theatre from September 6 through 8, 2013. From April 2 through 6, 2014, Benanti will star as Rosabella in the New York City Center Encores! production of The Most Happy Fella alongside Shuler Hensley and Cheyenne Jackson. Benanti has also appeared in the World AIDS Day concerts of Pippin, Children of Eden and The Secret Garden. These concerts were co-founded by her best friend, Jamie McGonnigal and former Miss America Kate Shindle. In addition to stage roles, Benanti was a regular on the short-lived FX Networks sitcom Starved (2005), which received mixed reviews but which Benanti described as ""a good experience. I got a lot of camera experience, which was something I just hadn't had. "" A year later, she appeared in two films: Take the Lead, in which she reunited with her Nine co-star Antonio Banderas as his love-sick assistant, and Falling for Grace, in which she played a princess. In 2008, Benanti had a recurring role on the ABC television series Eli Stone. In 2011 she was cast in the NBC series The Playboy Club, which was canceled after 3 episodes. Benanti played the wife of Dr. Atticus Sherman on episode 11 of season two of The Big C, entitled ""Fight Or Flight. "" In 2011 and 2012, Benanti had a recurring role on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Detective Nick Amaro's wife. Benanti played the role of Lauren Bennett, a leader of a support group, on the NBC series, Go On. Go On was canceled in May 2013 after one season. She currently has a recurring role on the USA series, Royal Pains. Despite her forays into screen work, Benanti remains devoted to the stage, and has stated that ""musicals are a great American art form. We've got apple pie, jazz and musical theater. I want to do this my whole life. "" On December 5, 2013, Benanti played Elsa Schraeder in the NBC production of The Sound of Music Live!. Laura appears on the original cast albums of each of her Broadway roles, as well as compilation albums of Stephen Schwartz and Maury Yeston. She also appears as a guest artist on the Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, D.C.'s live album, You've Got to Be Carefully Taught: The Songs of Hammerstein & Sondheim, taken from a performance at the Kennedy Center in June 2002. She can now be heard on the cast album of Gypsy, which was released in August 2008 from Time/Life Records, and on the new studio cast album of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Allegro, which was released by Sony Classics in February 2009. A songwriter and guitarist, Benanti has written songs privately since at least the early 2000s; in 2005, she said that she was working on a folk-rock solo CD, though ""Musical theatre is my first loveI want to take my music and orchestrate it in a kind of old fashioned style, and take some standards and 'popularize' them—do a true crossover. I'm working on it. "" In Constant Search of the Right Kind of Attention, a live recording of Benanti's concert engagement at 54 Below, was released by Broadway Records in September 2013. Benanti met Chris Barron, lead singer of the Spin Doctors, in the early 2000s. They married on July 25, 2005 but by the end of the year were going through a ""terrible divorce. "" They were divorced in 2006. At the 2005 World AIDS Day ""dream cast"" concert of The Secret Garden she met actor Steven Pasquale. In September 2007 they married. On July 8, 2013, they made the statement “After almost six years of marriage, Steven Pasquale and Laura Benanti are amicably filing for divorce. They remain loving and committed friends.”,  Laura Benanti  2015-12-23T14:51:51Z  Laura Ilene Benanti (born July 15, 1979) is an American stage and screen actress. She played ""Louise"" in the 2008 Broadway revival of Gypsy, winning the Tony Award, and appeared in the stage musical Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown in 2010, winning the Drama Desk Award and Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. She played Baroness Elsa Schräder in the 2013 NBC television production of The Sound of Music Live!. Benanti was born in New York City, the daughter of Linda Wonneberger, a vocal coach and former actress, and Martin Vidnovic, a Broadway actor and singer. She is of Yugoslavian, German, Irish, and Native American heritage. When quite young, her parents divorced and she moved to Kinnelon, New Jersey, with her mother and her stepfather Salvatore Benanti, a psychotherapist, whose name she took and whom she has referred to as her father. Benanti remembers being ""very serious"" and ""a bit of an ugly duckling"" as a child, and was intensely interested in musical theatre, which distanced her from other children. (In 2008, Benanti told The New York Times that she drew on this loneliness in her portrayal of the neglected Louise in Gypsy.) Though her parents refused to let Laura audition for professional theatre, Laura appeared in several high school and community productions, including Evita (as Peron's mistress), Follies (as Young Heidi), and Into the Woods (as Cinderella). At 16, Benanti played the title role in her high school production of Hello, Dolly! and won a Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Outstanding Actress in a high school production. She graduated from Kinnelon High School in 1997. In 1998, Paper Mill's then-artistic director Robert Johanson recommended Benanti for the role of Liesl in a Broadway revival of The Sound of Music. Benanti auditioned for the show's producers and was considered too mature-looking to play Liesl, but, after several call-backs, was signed at the age of 18 to play one of the nuns and to understudy Rebecca Luker as Maria. Benanti played the role for two weeks during Luker's vacation, and, at 19, took over the role when Luker left the production. Playbill's Michael Buckley later wrote that Benanti ""was an absolutely wonderful Maria As do others, I believe that had she opened in the show, Benanti would have been an overnight sensation. "" When she was cast in The Sound of Music, Benanti had attended New York University for two weeks; the dean recommended she go on leave to take the job. In 1999, Benanti appeared in the Broadway revue Swing!, for which she received a Tony nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical. In 2000, she co-starred with Donna Murphy in the critically acclaimed City Center Encores! concert production of the Leonard Bernstein-Betty Comden-Adolph Green musical Wonderful Town. In 2002, Benanti played Cinderella (a role she had played as a teenager) in the Broadway revival of Into the Woods, and received both a Tony nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical and a Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. During a mid-performance pratfall in Into the Woods, Benanti fractured her neck, herniating two discs directly onto her spinal cord and cutting off spinal fluid, a condition that sometimes leads to paralysis. The injury was misdiagnosed and Into the Woods producers asked Benanti not to mention her injury; when she began missing performances due to neck problems, rumors spread that Benanti was behaving unprofessionally, something that she calls ""really hurtful"". She says, ""I had a serious injury and there was absolutely no way I could have done the show. I tried to. I tried to go back and do it but I physically couldn't. "" Benanti was eventually replaced in the show by Erin Dilly. Eight months after her initial injury, Benanti was rediagnosed and received surgery that could have damaged her voice but was successful, though as of 2005 she still experienced neck pain and myelopathy. Three weeks after undergoing spinal surgery, Benanti started previews in March 2003 for the Broadway revival of Nine, in which she played Claudia, a movie star who inspires Guido, a director played by Antonio Banderas. She left the show in September 2003. From April 2006 to December 2006 she played Julia Sullivan in the Broadway musical The Wedding Singer. In July 2007, Benanti played in a three-week limited run of the musical Gypsy in the Encores! production at the New York City Center as Louise, alongside Patti LuPone as Rose and Boyd Gaines as Herbie. In March 2008, the production transferred to Broadway, where it ran until January 2009 and received widespread critical acclaim. Benanti's performance as Louise was praised, with The New York Times's Ben Brantley declaring it ""the performance of her career"". She won several awards, including a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical, a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical, and an Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. Benanti appeared in The Public Theater's world premiere production of Christopher Durang's play Why Torture Is Wrong, And the People Who Love Them, from April 6, 2009 to April 26, 2009. She next appeared in the Lincoln Center Theater production of Sarah Ruhl's In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) beginning October 22, 2009, and opening November 19, 2009, at the Lyceum Theatre. Benanti appeared in the new musical Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown which played on Broadway from October 8, 2010, until January 2, 2011. Benanti received a Tony Award nomination, and won the Drama Desk Award and Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance. In June 2013, Benanti performed as the soprano soloist in the San Francisco premiere of Andrew Lippa's oratorio, I Am Harvey Milk. She played Goddess in The Public Theater's musical adaptation of The Tempest, which was presented at the Delacorte Theatre from September 6 through 8, 2013. From April 2 through 6, 2014, Benanti starred as Rosabella in the New York City Center Encores! production of The Most Happy Fella alongside Shuler Hensley and Cheyenne Jackson. On February 16, 2015, Benanti played Lucille Frank in the Manhattan Concert Productions presentation of Parade at Avery Fisher Hall. She appeared in New York Spring Spectacular at Radio City Music Hall from March 12 through May 7, 2015. In the spring of 2016, Benanti will star in the Roundabout Theatre Company revival of She Loves Me opposite Zachary Levi. Benanti has also appeared in the World AIDS Day concerts of Pippin, Children of Eden and The Secret Garden. These concerts were produced by her best friend, Jamie McGonnigal. In addition to stage roles, Benanti was a regular on the short-lived FX Networks sitcom Starved (2005), which received mixed reviews but which Benanti described as ""a good experience. I got a lot of camera experience, which was something I just hadn't had. "" A year later, she appeared in two films: Take the Lead, in which she reunited with her Nine co-star Antonio Banderas as his love-sick assistant, and Falling for Grace, in which she played a princess. In 2008, Benanti had a recurring role on the ABC television series Eli Stone. In 2011 she was cast in the NBC series The Playboy Club, which was canceled after 3 episodes. Benanti played the wife of Dr. Atticus Sherman on episode 11 of season two of The Big C, entitled ""Fight Or Flight. "" In 2011 and 2012, Benanti had a recurring role on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Detective Nick Amaro's wife. Benanti played the role of Lauren Bennett, a leader of a support group, on the NBC series, Go On. Go On was canceled in May 2013 after one season. She had a recurring role on the USA series, Royal Pains. On October 17, 2013, Benanti appeared in an episode of Elementary on CBS. She also appeared in Nurse Jackie and The Good Wife. On December 5, 2013, Benanti played Elsa Schraeder in the NBC production of The Sound of Music Live!. In 2014 she was cast as country singer Sadie Stone in the ABC musical drama series Nashville for its third season, recording and performing several songs during her arc. Despite her forays into screen work, Benanti remains devoted to the stage, and has stated that ""musicals are a great American art form. We've got apple pie, jazz and musical theater. I want to do this my whole life. "" In 2015 Benanti joined the cast of Supergirl, where she has a recurring role as Alura In-Ze, Zor-El's wife and mother of Kara and Alura's twin sister General Astra, who wants to take over earth as its new ruler and destroy her niece Kara. Benanti appears on the original cast albums of each of her Broadway roles, as well as compilation albums of Stephen Schwartz and Maury Yeston. She participated in a studio cast recording of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Allegro which was released by Sony Classics in February 2009. She also appears as a guest artist on the Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, D.C.'s live album, You've Got to Be Carefully Taught: The Songs of Hammerstein & Sondheim, taken from a 2002 performance at the Kennedy Center. A songwriter and guitarist, Benanti has written songs privately since at least the early 2000s; in 2005, she said that she was working on a folk-rock solo CD, though ""Musical theatre is my first loveI want to take my music and orchestrate it in a kind of old fashioned style, and take some standards and 'popularize' them—do a true crossover. I'm working on it. "" In Constant Search of the Right Kind of Attention, a live recording of Benanti's concert engagement at 54 Below, was released by Broadway Records in September 2013. Benanti met Chris Barron, lead singer of the Spin Doctors, in the early 2000s. They married on July 25, 2005 but by the end of the year were going through what Benanti has called a ""terrible divorce. "" They were divorced in 2006. At the 2005 World AIDS Day ""dream cast"" concert of The Secret Garden she met actor Steven Pasquale. In September 2007 they married. On July 8, 2013, they made the statement “After almost six years of marriage, Steven Pasquale and Laura Benanti are amicably filing for divorce. They remain loving and committed friends.” On June 12, 2015 she became engaged to Patrick Brown. The two were married on November 15, 2015.",1
Romiit Raaj,"Romiit Raaj  2016-01-10T08:20:02Z  Romit Raj (born on 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. He also acted in Humdum which was released on 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released on 4 May 2007. Currently he is playing the role of Varun in the Indian courtroom drama Adaalat. Recent actions showed that he left Adaalat for some reason but on 4/10/13, he confirmed his arrival back to the show. Raj lived in Mumbai from when he was a year old until he was 10. It was in Kolkata where he started his modeling career and completed his education. He actively took part in school and college plays and also got the opportunity to work in Bengali telefilm and television serials with reputed directors of Bengal. In 2002 he moved back to Mumbai. He played the character Yuvraj in Ghar ki Lakshmi Betiyaan and Jeet in Maayka. To him, this industry is a family in itself away from family where love, respect, care, hatred and emotions does exist. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. Raaj is married to Tina Kakkar. On 30 April 2012, she gave birth a girl named Rehaa Raj. ,  Romiit Raaj  2017-12-26T12:47:17Z  Romit Raj (born on 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. He also acted in Humdum which was released on 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released on 4 May 2007. In a nail biting TV series called Adaalat that was aired from 2011 he played the role of Varun. . Recent actions showed that he left Adaalat for some reason but on 4/10/13, he confirmed his arrival back to the show. Raj lived in Mumbai from when he was a year old until he was 10. It was in Kolkata where he started his modeling career and completed his education. He actively took part in school and college plays and also got the opportunity to work in Bengali telefilm and television serials with reputed directors of Bengal. In 2002 he moved back to Mumbai. He played the character Yuvraj in Ghar ki Lakshmi Betiyaan and Jeet in Maayka. To him, this industry is a family in itself away from family where love, respect, care, hatred and emotions does exist. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. Raaj is married to Tina Kakkar. On 30 April 2012, she gave birth a girl named Rehaa Raj. Rishtey Awards",1
Club Brugge KV,"Club Brugge KV  2014-01-02T14:46:37Z  Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging (Dutch pronunciation: ), also referred to as just Club Brugge is a football club from Bruges in Belgium. It was founded in 1891 and is one of the top clubs in Belgium. Its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium, which has a capacity of 29,472. Club Brugge's major rival is R.S.C. Anderlecht, and it shares the Jan Breydel Stadium with city rival Cercle Brugge K.S.V., with whom they contest the Bruges derby. Throughout its long history, Club Brugge has enjoyed much European football success, reaching two European finals and two European semi-finals. Club Brugge is the only Belgian club to have played the final of the European Cup (forerunner of the current UEFA Champions League) so far. They were beaten by Liverpool F.C. in the final of its 1978 season. They also lost in the 1976 UEFA Cup Final to Liverpool. Club Brugge holds the record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Cup (16). Club created by old students of the Catholic school Broeders Xaverianen and the neutral school Koninklijk Atheneum. The club was recreated. This has since been adopted as the official date of foundation. An official board was installed in the club. Club created by 16 old members of Brugsche FC. Club created in the city. Financially it was difficult for FC Brugeois and so after only one year they had to leave the UBSSA. FC Brugeois joined Brugsche FC but they continued under the name Football Club Brugeois. Vlaamsche FC joined FC Brugeois. They moved to a new stadium named ""De Klokke"". FC Brugeois reached their first Belgian Cup final but they lost 2–1 from Union SG. The club became for the first time champions of the first division. The club get number 3 as their matricule number and in the same year they get the royal title. A first low when the club was relegated to the second division. President Albert Dyserynck changed the club's statute into a non-profit association. When president Albert Dyserynck suddenly died they honoured him by changing the stadium's name into Albert Dyserynckstadion. RFC Brugeois promoted to the first division and never relegated again in the future. They won the Belgian Cup for the first time against Beerschot AC (1–1, 7–6 after penalty's). The club changed their name into the Flemisch name Club Brugge KV They moved from Albert Dyserynckstadion to Olympiastadion (current Jan Breydelstadion). Under Austrian coach Ernst Happel, Club Brugge reached the finals of the UEFA Cup and lost against Liverpool (3–2 and 1–1). Still under Ernst Happel, the club faced Liverpool again of a European final. This time it was in the European Champions Clubs' Cup final. And again they lost (1–0). Club Brugge is the only Belgian club that have reached the finals of the European biggest competition. Daniel Amokachi is the first goal scorer in the Champions League. He scored against CSKA Moskva. Olympiastadion had to be expanded for the EURO 2000 organisation. They also changed the name into Jan Breydelstadion. Club Brugge was the first Belgian club to create its own TV channel. A = appearances, GP = games played, W = won, D = drawn, L = lost, GF = goals for, GA = goals against. Total points for UEFA coefficient: 270.0. From the quarter-finals upwards: (2 finals) European Cup/UEFA Champions League (1): UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League (1): Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers, see the list of Belgian football transfers summer 2013. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. blank column As of 24 June 2013. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. blank column 12 – The 12th man (reserved for the club supporters) 23 – François Sterchele, striker (2007–08). Posthumous; Sterchele died in a single-person car accident on 8 May 2008. Europa League  GA,  Club Brugge KV  2015-12-29T11:39:32Z  Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging (Dutch pronunciation: ), also referred to as just Club Brugge, is a football club based in Bruges in Belgium. It was founded in 1891 and its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium, which has a capacity of 29,472. One of the most decorated clubs in Belgian football, it has been Belgian league champion on 13 occasions, second only to major rivals R.S.C. Anderlecht, and it shares the Jan Breydel Stadium with city rival Cercle Brugge K.S.V., with whom they contest the Bruges derby. Throughout its long history, Club Brugge has enjoyed much European football success, reaching two European finals and two European semi-finals. Club Brugge is the only Belgian club to have played the final of the European Cup (forerunner of the current UEFA Champions League) so far, losing to Liverpool in the final of the 1978 season. They also lost in the 1976 UEFA Cup Final to the same opponents. Club Brugge holds the European record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Europa League (20), the record number of Belgian cups (11) and the record number of Belgian Supercups (13). Club created by old students of the Catholic school Broeders Xaverianen and the neutral school Koninklijk Atheneum. The club was recreated. This has since been adopted as the official date of foundation. An official board was installed in the club. Club created by 16 old members of Brugsche FC. Club created in the city. Financially it was difficult for FC Brugeois and so after only one year they had to leave the UBSSA. FC Brugeois joined Brugsche FC but they continued under the name Football Club Brugeois. Vlaamsche FC joined FC Brugeois. They moved to a new stadium named ""De Klokke"". FC Brugeois reached their first Belgian Cup final but they lost 2–1 from Union SG. The club became for the first time champions of the first division. The club get number 3 as their matricule number and in the same year they get the royal title. A first low when the club was relegated to the second division. President Albert Dyserynck changed the club's statute into a non-profit association. When president Albert Dyserynck suddenly died they honoured him by changing the stadium's name into Albert Dyserynckstadion. RFC Brugeois promoted to the first division and never relegated again in the future. They won the Belgian Cup for the first time against Beerschot AC (1–1, 7–6 after penalty's). The club changed their name into the Flemisch name Club Brugge KV They moved from Albert Dyserynckstadion to Olympiastadion (current Jan Breydelstadion). Under Austrian coach Ernst Happel, Club Brugge reached the finals of the UEFA Cup and lost against Liverpool (3–2 and 1–1). Still under Ernst Happel, the club faced Liverpool again of a European final. This time it was in the European Champions Clubs' Cup final. And again they lost (1–0). Club Brugge is the only Belgian club that have reached the finals of the European biggest competition. Daniel Amokachi is the first goal scorer in the Champions League. He scored against CSKA Moskva. Olympiastadion had to be expanded for the EURO 2000 organisation. They also changed the name into Jan Breydelstadion. Club Brugge was the first Belgian club to create its own TV channel. The club don a black and blue home kit traditional to their history, away they wear a red strip. Club Brugge is the most supported club in Belgium. it has fans all over the country. Attendances are high. The Jan Breydel Stadium is almost sold out at every home game. Some of these fans are part of 62 supporter clubs in Belgium, who have more than 10,000 members. The ""Supportersfederatie Club Brugge KV"", founded in 1967, is recognized as the official supporters club of Club Brugge. Club Brugge's most vocal fans are know to gather in the 'Noord-tribune', the 'Kop', of the Jan Breydel Stadium. Club Brugge fans are known for their lively atmosphere, taking their inspiration from the British football culture. As such, the supporters of Club Brugge were labelled as 'the best supporters of Belgium' by a survey in 2015. The Blue Army is the club's main active supporter group. This group is responsible for the organization of tifos and the publishing of a fanzine. The North Fanatics are the club's second, smaller supporter group. They try to achieve a non-stop atmosphere in the stadium, by using smoke bombs, flags, flares, constant singing, etc. In tribute the fans, often dubbed the twelfth man in football, Club Brugge no longer assigns the number 12 to players. Club Brugge also has a TV show, CLUBtv, on the Telenet network since 21 July 2006. This twice weekly show features exclusive interviews with players, coaches and managers. The official mascot of Club Bruges is a bear, symbol of the city of Bruges. The history of the bear is related to a legend of the first Count of Flanders, Baldwin I of Flanders, who had fought and defeated a bear in his youth. Since the end of 2000, a second mascot, always a bear, travels along the edge of the field during home games for fans to call and encourage both their favorites. These two bears are called Belle and Bene. In 2010, a third bear named Bibi, made its appearance. He is described as the child of the first two mascots, and is oriented towards the young supporters. Like many historic clubs, Club Brugge contests rivalries with other Belgian clubs, whether at local (Cercle Brugge), regional level (Gent and Anderlecht). At regional level, Club Brugge has maintained rivalry with Gent, a team in the neighboring province. The successes achieved by Club Bruges in the early 1970s, combined with very poor season performances by Gent in the same period, attracted many fans. Since the late 1990s, Gent again played a somewhat more leading role in Belgium, and matches against Club Brugge were often spectacles. The rivalry between Club Brugge and Anderlecht has developed since the 1970s. At that time, the Brussels-based club and Club Brugge won most trophies between them, leaving little room for other Belgian teams. Matches between these two teams were often contested for the title of champion of Belgium. Three Belgian Cup finals were played between the two clubs (with Anderlecht winning once and Club Brugge twice), and they played seven Belgian Supercups (Club Bruges won five). A match between these two sides is often called 'The Hate Game'. They are arguably the most heated fixtures in Belgian football. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers, see the list of Belgian football transfers summer 2015. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – The 12th man (reserved for the club supporters) 23 – François Sterchele, striker (2007–08). Posthumous; Sterchele died in a single-person car accident on 8 May 2008. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",1
Barrie_Penrose,"Barrie_Penrose  2008-08-13T06:21:47Z   Barrie Penrose is a British investigative journalist, interviewer and trainer. born Croydon, 1942 He worked for the New York Herald Tribune in Paris, the Observer in London, BBC Television and the Sunday Times His books include Stalin’s Gold: the story of HMS Edinburgh and its treasure, and with Simon Freeman Rinkagate: the rise and fall of Jeremy Thorpe and Conspiracy of Silence: the secret life of Anthony Blunt. With Robert Courtiour, he produced The Pencourt File based on interviews requested by Harold Wilson about conspiracies in the final years of his government. {{subst:#if:Penrose, Barrie|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:}} }}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:}} }} This article about a British journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Barrie_Penrose  2011-09-18T17:54:31Z   Barrie Penrose (born Croydon, 1942) is a British investigative journalist, interviewer and trainer. He worked for the New York Herald Tribune in Paris, the Observer in London, BBC Television and the Sunday Times His books include Stalin’s Gold: the story of HMS Edinburgh and its treasure, and with Simon Freeman Rinkagate: the rise and fall of Jeremy Thorpe and Conspiracy of Silence: the secret life of Anthony Blunt. With Robert Courtiour, he produced The Pencourt File based on interviews requested by Harold Wilson about conspiracies in the final years of his government. Template:Persondata This article about a British journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Danny Batth,"Danny Batth  2021-01-09T19:15:34Z  Daniel Tanveer Batth (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stoke City. Batth began his career with his local side Wolverhampton Wanderers having previously progressed through their youth academy. In order to gain first-team experience he spent time out on loan at Colchester United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday (two spells). He broke into Wolves' first team in 2012–13 and was made captain by Kenny Jackett for the 2013–14 as Wolves won the League One title, Batth being named in the PFA Team of the Year. Batth remained a key member of the Wolves team as the play-offs were narrowly missed in 2014–15 before promotion to the Premier League was gained in 2017–18. After not being considered by Nuno Espírito Santo for his Premier League squad, Batth joined Middlesbrough on loan in August 2018. Batth moved to Stoke City in January 2019 for a fee of £3 million. Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He attended Thorns Community College. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, Batth's loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. He scored his first professional goal to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic on 20 February 2010, nodding home a David Prutton corner to extend Colchester's run of games undefeated to five. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club took on a new look installing Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 games in a season which Wolves set a new points total record for League One, 103. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship and his impressive form from the previous season continued. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a flying start maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. Batth's presence in the opposition box started to become more apparent as he netted three league goals including an 88th-minute equaliser at Molineux as Wolves drew 1–1 with Brighton & Hove Albion. A string of commanding performances led to strong rumors of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. At the age of just 24 years old, Batth bought up his century of appearances for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Birmingham City. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season but missed out on goals scored to Ipswich Town. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. Batth played 39 times for Wolves in 2015–16 as they finished in 14th position. Batth scored in a 3–1 win against rivals Birmingham City on 20 August 2016. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. On 1 April 2017, Batth scored twice against Cardiff City moving Wolves eight points clear of the relegation zone. He scored in the final match of the 2016–17 season, a 1–0 win against Preston North End which secured 15th place for Wolves. Portuguese manager Nuno Espírito Santo was appointed ahead of the 2017–18 campaign which proved a very successful one for Wolves as they won the Championship title with 99 points. On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the Championship, after joining Middlesbrough on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with Wolves, after they had been promoted to the Premier League. Batth made 13 appearances under Tony Pulis at Boro before his loan was cut short in January 2019. Batth joined Stoke City on 29 January 2019 on a three-and-a-half year contract for a fee understood to be an initial £3 million. Batth made his Stoke debut on 2 February 2019 against Hull City and was given the captain's armband by Nathan Jones in the absence of Ryan Shawcross. Batth played 17 times in the remainder of the 2018–19 season as Stoke ended up finishing in 16th place. Batth helped improve the Potters defence with the side keeping eight clean sheets. He scored his first goal for Stoke in an EFL Cup tie against Leeds United on 27 August 2019. Stoke made a poor start to the 2019–20 season failing to win any of the first ten matches under Jones. Speaking in May 2020 Batth said he believed that Stoke made such a poor start because Jones brought in too many new players. Jones was replaced by Michael O'Neill in November and results began to improve. Batth scored in three of the final four matches as Stoke gained ten points to avoid relegation and finish in 15th position. Born and raised in England, Batth thought at one time he would be eligible to play for India through his father. In July 2017 Batth declared that he wanted to play for India and entered into talks over playing for India. However, he revealed later in July 2017 that residency rules and passport regulations may stop this from happening. Batth is of mixed English and Sikh Punjabi descent. Batth set up his own charity in August 2017, Foundation DB, with his partner Natalie Ann Cutler, to raise money to combat homelessness in Wolverhampton. Sheffield Wednesday Wolverhampton Wanderers Individual,  Danny Batth  2022-12-26T03:41:43Z  Daniel Tanveer Batth (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Sunderland. Batth began his career with his local side Wolverhampton Wanderers, joining their youth academy as a teenager. In order to gain first-team experience he spent time out on loan at Colchester United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday (twice). He broke into Wolves' first team in 2012–13, and was made captain by Kenny Jackett for the 2013–14 season as Wolves won the League One title, with Batth being named in the PFA Team of the Year. Batth remained a key member of the Wolves team as the play-offs were narrowly missed in 2014–15 before promotion to the Premier League was gained in 2017–18. After not being considered by Nuno Espírito Santo for his Premier League squad, Batth joined Middlesbrough on loan in August 2018. Batth moved to Stoke City in January 2019 for a fee of £3 million. Batth spent three years at Stoke, making 107 appearacnes, before joining Sunderland in January 2022. Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He attended Thorns Community College. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, Batth's loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. He scored his first professional goal to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic on 20 February 2010, nodding home a David Prutton corner to extend Colchester's run of games undefeated to five. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club took on a new look installing Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 games in a season which Wolves set a new points total record for League One, 103. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship and his impressive form from the previous season continued. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a flying start maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. Batth's presence in the opposition box started to become more apparent as he netted three league goals including an 88th-minute equaliser at Molineux as Wolves drew 1–1 with Brighton & Hove Albion. A string of commanding performances led to strong rumors of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. At the age of just 24 years old, Batth bought up his century of appearances for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Birmingham City. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season but missed out on goals scored to Ipswich Town. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. Batth played 39 times for Wolves in 2015–16 as they finished in 14th position. Batth scored in a 3–1 win against rivals Birmingham City on 20 August 2016. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. On 1 April 2017, Batth scored twice against Cardiff City moving Wolves eight points clear of the relegation zone. He scored in the final match of the 2016–17 season, a 1–0 win against Preston North End which secured 15th place for Wolves. Portuguese manager Nuno Espírito Santo was appointed ahead of the 2017–18 campaign which proved a very successful one for Wolves as they won the Championship title with 99 points. On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the Championship, after joining Middlesbrough on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with Wolves, after they had been promoted to the Premier League. Batth made 13 appearances under Tony Pulis at Boro before his loan was cut short in January 2019. Batth joined Stoke City on 29 January 2019 on a three-and-a-half year contract for a fee understood to be an initial £3 million. Batth made his Stoke debut on 2 February 2019 against Hull City and was given the captain's armband by Nathan Jones in the absence of Ryan Shawcross. Batth played 17 times in the remainder of the 2018–19 season as Stoke ended up finishing in 16th place. Batth helped improve the Potters defence with the side keeping eight clean sheets. He scored his first goal for Stoke in an EFL Cup tie against Leeds United on 27 August 2019. Stoke made a poor start to the 2019–20 season failing to win any of the first ten matches under Jones. Speaking in May 2020 Batth said he believed that Stoke made such a poor start because Jones brought in too many new players. Jones was replaced by Michael O'Neill in November and results began to improve. Batth scored in three of the final four matches as Stoke gained ten points to avoid relegation and finish in 15th position. In the 2020–21 season, Batth made 32 appearances as Stoke finished in 14th position. On 18 January 2022, Batth joined League One side Sunderland on a free transfer, signing an eighteen-month deal. He scored his first goal for Sunderland against Cambridge United on 23 April 2022. While never representing England at any level, Batth is technically eligible to play for India through his father. However, he was left frustrated by Indian residency rules and passport regulations in July 2017, and has yet to play for the country. Batth is of mixed English and Punjabi descent. Batth set up his own charity in August 2017, Foundation DB, with his partner Natalie Ann Cutler, to raise money to combat homelessness in Wolverhampton. Sheffield Wednesday Wolverhampton Wanderers Sunderland Individual",1
Andrew Kishino,"Andrew Kishino  2019-01-14T15:48:05Z  name Andrew Kishino (born March 20, 1970), also known as Big Kish (formerly Kish), is a Canadian actor and rapper in animated series, video games and voice-over narration. Kishino was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Kishino is best known for his 1991 single ""I Rhyme the World in 80 Days"". The song was featured on his debut album, Order from Chaos. It was accompanied by a music video shown on MuchMusic. His follow-up album, A Nation of Hoods, was released in 1994. He later moved to Los Angeles to work as a hip hop music producer. From 2001 to 2007 Kishino was married to voice actress Vanessa Marshall. They had no children. During their marriage they founded the voice-over production company Marsh-Kish Productions. Currently, Kishino is a voice-over artist; his recent roles including Janja on The Lion Guard and Saw Gerrera on Star Wars: The Clone Wars. ,  Andrew Kishino  2020-12-24T18:10:09Z  Andrew Kishino (born March 20, 1970), also known as Big Kish (formerly Kish), is a Canadian actor and rapper. Kishino was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Kishino is best known for his 1991 single ""I Rhyme the World in 80 Days"". The song was featured on his debut album, Order from Chaos. It was accompanied by a music video shown on MuchMusic. His follow-up album, A Nation of Hoods, was released in 1994. He later moved to Los Angeles to work as a hip hop music producer. From 2001 to 2007, Kishino was married to voice actress Vanessa Marshall. They had no children. During their marriage, they founded the voice-over production company Marsh-Kish Productions. Currently, Kishino is a voice-over artist; his roles include Janja on The Lion Guard, Kevin in Steven Universe and Saw Gerrera on Star Wars: The Clone Wars. Kishino has dyslexia and is a member of Mensa.",1
Matthew Rhys,"Matthew Rhys  2005-09-05T00:34:01Z  Matthew Rhys Evans (born on 4 November 1974 in Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales) is a Welsh actor. ,  Matthew Rhys  2006-12-20T09:45:39Z  Matthew Rhys Evans (born on 4 November 1974 in Cardiff, South Glamorgan) is a Welsh actor, best known for playing the role of Kevin Walker on the hit ABC family drama Brothers & Sisters. Matthew Rhys was born and raised in the historic city of Cardiff, South Wales. He was educated in the Welsh language, which remains his first language. At seventeen, after playing the lead role of Elvis in a school musical, Rhys realized that a career in farming or in the armed forces was not for him. As a result, he applied to and was accepted at the prestigious Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London (RADA). Shortly thereafter, in 1993, he was awarded the Patricia Rothermere Scholarship. During his time at RADA, Rhys appeared in Back-Up, the BBC police series about the operational support units Hooli Vans, as well as in House of America. He then returned to Cardiff to act in his own language in the Welsh film Bydd yn Wrol (Be Brave), for which he won Best Actor at the Welsh BAFTA's. In January 1998, Rhys went to New Zealand to star in Green Stone, a colonial costume drama for television. He then landed a role in Julie Taymor's critically acclaimed adaptation of Titus, starring Anthony Hopkins and Jessica Lange. Next he played Ray in Peter Hewitt's quirky film comedy, Whatever Happened to Harold Smith? After returning to Wales, he did two consecutive films with Jonathan Price -- The Testimony of Taliesin Jones, a film about a dysfunctional single-parent family in which he played the elder son, and Sara Sugarman's extraordinary comedy Very Annie Mary, in which he played the role of Nob. In 2000 Rhys played the lead role in Metropolis, a drama series for Granada about the lives of six twenty-somethings living in London. Next he starred in Peaches, the film of the celebrated play written and directed by Nick Grosso. Rhys opened to huge critical acclaim when he starred as Benjamin in the 2000 world premiere of the stage adaptation of The Graduate, alongside Kathleen Turner at the Gielgud Theatre in London's West End. Rhys traveled to Ireland to star in the 17th century swashbuckling adventure, The Abduction Club. He played the lead role of Darren Daniels in Tabloid, and then returned to New Zealand to shoot the epic drama Lost World for the BBC. His other film credits include the independent horror film Deathwatch in Prague and Fakers for director Richard Janes. He will next be seen opposite Brittany Murphy in the independent feature Love and Other Disasters, and in Angels and Virgins, opposite Hayden Christensen, Tim Roth and Mischa Barton. Though widely acknowledged as one of the UK's most exciting young actors, Rhys is quite adamant that he could happily give it all up to play international rugby for his country.",1
1st_Prince,"1st_Prince  2007-11-13T21:50:42Z   1st Prince was an electoral district in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1996. The district comprised the westernmost portion of Prince County. Communities in the district included Alberton and Tignish. When the provincial electoral districts were reorganized into conventional single-member districts in 1996, 1st Prince was replaced by the districts of Tignish-DeBlois, Alberton-Miminegash and West Point-Bloomfield. ,  1st_Prince  2007-11-17T20:35:39Z   1st Prince was an electoral district in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1996. The district comprised the westernmost portion of Prince County. Communities in the district included Alberton and Tignish. When the provincial electoral districts were reorganized into conventional single-member districts in 1996, 1st Prince was replaced by the districts of Tignish-DeBlois, Alberton-Miminegash and West Point-Bloomfield.",0
Rory McAllister (footballer),"Rory McAllister (footballer)  2009-01-07T21:00:47Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen) is a Scottish professional footballer currently playing for Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the Scottish Premier League. He made his league debut for Inverness Caledonian Thistle as a second half substitute against his former club Aberdeen FC. After being released from Aberdeen FC's youth set-up, he was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness. In 3 seasons he has played in 50 games, and has scored just 4 goals. McAllister received his first cap for the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, for the May 24th match against Northern Ireland in preparation for the Under-20 World Cup. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce and in January 2008 he was loaned out to Scottish Second Division Peterhead FC. He has now returned to Caley Thistle. ,  Rory McAllister (footballer)  2010-12-13T13:03:49Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, who currently plays for Brechin City in the Scottish Second Division. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness. In three seasons he played in 50 games, but scored just 4 goals. He made his league debut for Inverness as a second half substitute against his former club Aberdeen. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Scottish Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008, and he was released by Inverness in January 2009. McAllister then signed up for Brechin City, scoring a total of 34 goals in his first season as Brechin lost out in the first division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the Under-20 World Cup.",1
Dakar Rally,"Dakar Rally  2008-01-01T15:43:54Z  The Dakar Rally (or simply ""The Dakar""; formerly known as ""The Paris Dakar Rally"" and now as ""The Lisbon Dakar Rally"") is an annual off-road race, organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation. The race is open to amateur and professional entries; amateurs typically make up about eighty percent of the participants. Despite its name, it is an off-road endurance race rather than a conventional rally – the terrain the competitors traverse is much tougher and the vehicles used are true off-road vehicles rather than the modified sedans used in rallies. Most of the competitive specials are off-road, crossing dunes, mud, camel grass, rocks, erg, among others. The distances of each stage covered vary from several kilometers up to 800-900 kilometers per day. The race originated in 1978, a year after racer Thierry Sabine got lost in the desert and decided this would be a good location for a regular rally. Originally, the rally was from Paris, France to Dakar, Senegal, interrupted by a transfer across the Mediterranean; however due to politics and other factors, the course, including origin and destination, have varied over the years. Dakar has been the destination city on all but four occasions. The rally began at Paris each year until 1995. The previous year, the rally both began and ended in Paris, but due to complaints by the mayor, the finish had to be moved from the Champs-Élysées to Euro Disney. This also caused the organisation to lay out the rally through different locations in following years. Today's rallies pass through Morocco, Western Sahara and onto the grasslands and deserts of Mauritania. The segments running though Atar and the sand dunes and canyons of Mauritania's Adrar Region may be the most challenging in all off-road racing. In 1992, Hubert Auriol won the Dakar in an automobile after having previously won the motorcycle competition on two occasions, making him the first driver to win on both two and four wheels. Later on, Stéphane Peterhansel managed to do the same. The 2008 Dakar Rally will start on January 5th, and run until January 20th. The route will be more than 9000km (with almost 6000km Specials) long. The three major competitive groups in the Dakar are the bike class, the car class, which ranges from buggies to small SUVs, and the T4 truck class. Many vehicle manufacturers exploit the harsh environment the rally offers as a testing ground, and consequently to demonstrate the durability of their vehicles, although most vehicles are heavily modified. The Moto class is divided between three groups. Group 1 is Marathon, which are nearly unmodified production motorcycles, subdivided between engines of greater and less than 451ccs. Group 2 is Super-Production bikes, which are more substantially modified than Marathon bikes, subdivided between engines of greater and less than 451ccs. Group 3 for quads, subdivided between engines of greater and less than 500ccs. Popular motorcycles include those made by KTM and Yamaha, as many of their bikes have finished in top positions. BMW motorcycles have also been quite successful on the Dakar. The car class is made up of vehicles weighing less than 3500kg, and subdivided into several categories. The T1 Group is made up of Improved Cross Country Vehicles, while the T2 Group is made up of Cross Country Series Production vehicles. The Open class accepts vehicles such as SCORE International trucks. Originally, European utility vehicles like the Land Rover, Range Rover, Mercedes-Benz G, Volkswagen Iltis and the Pinzgauer, as well the Japanese Toyota Land Cruiser, dominated the race. Other manufacturers have entered heavily modified street vehicles such as Rolls-Royce, Citroën, Peugeot (405 T16 and 205 T16) and even Porsche. In 2003, examples in the Car Class included the Mitsubishi Pajero/Montero, the Volkswagen Race Touareg, the Bowler Wildcat 200 and the Nissan Navara. Mercedes Benz M, BMW X5 and BMW X3. Hummer H1 and Hummer H3 sport-utilities were represented but did not appear in the leader positions. Jean-Louis Schlesser built a series of custom dune buggy vehicles for the race, and has won with them several times. American (""Baja"") style pro trucks have also made appearances, but they have seldom won. At the present some of the main competitors in the car class are Volkswagen, Mitsubishi and Nissan. The Truck class, also known as ""Camions"" or ""Lorries"" is made up of vehicles weighing more than 3500kg. They are divided into two groups, T4 and T5. T4 class trucks participate in the competition, while T5 trucks travel from bivouac to bivouac to support the competition vehicles. T4 trucks may provide assistance during the special stages, but must be homologated vehicles. The T4.1 class covers production trucks, and the T4.2 class covers modified trucks. T5 vehicles do not have to be homologated. The T4 class has been composed of vehicles manufactured by Tatra, LIAZ, Kamaz, Hino, MAN, DAF, Mercedes-Benz Unimog, Renault Kerax, SCANIA, IVECO, and GINAF. In the 1980s, a strong rivalry between DAF and Mercedes-Benz led to vehicles which had twin engines and more than 1000 hp (750 kW). Later Tatra, and Kamaz took the race up. After 2000, renewed competition started in the truck class between DAF, Tatra, Mercedes-Benz and Kamaz. For years the international television coverage of the rally was narrated by Toby Moody, a retired motorcycle rider whose distinct accent (especially pronouncing foreign names such as ""Schless-ah"", ""Shi-no-zoo-ker"" and ""Me-oh-nee"") adds to the personality of the race. However, with the events tortuous schedule Toby handed the microphone to Established voice Martin Haven. Coverage of the race in the United States has been spotty over the years. The Speed Channel devoted a half-hour per day in 2003 and 2004 to the event before being outbid by the Outdoor Life Network (OLN) for 2005. OLN only programmed a single hour-long retrospective well after the event concluded. But in 2006, OLN upped its coverage to half-hour long nightly stage recaps including reporters traveling in the bivouacs. The Versus (TV channel) (formally Outdoor Life Network) continued showing half-hour daily recaps for the 2007 Dakar Rally, and showed several hour long summaries as well. In Europe the coverage is also covered by EuroSport. In 2007 Eurosport both shows live feeds and some reruns the next day of the past days live show. This was voiced by another Dakar victim, Carlton Kirby. Over 22 different countries take the international feed of the event with a round up of every day being made into a 26 minuite programme. In 1982, Mark Thatcher, son of the then British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, along with his French co-driver Charlotte Verney and their mechanic, went missing for six days. On January 9, the trio became separated from a convoy of vehicles after they stopped to make repairs to a faulty steering arm. They were declared missing on January 12; after a large-scale search, a Lockheed L100 search plane from the Algerian military spotted their white Peugeot 504 some 50 km (30 mi) off course. Thatcher, Verney and the mechanic were all unharmed. In 1986, the organiser of the rally, Thierry Sabine, was killed when his Ecureuil helicopter crashed at 07:30 p.m. on Tuesday 14 January 1986, into a dune at Mali during a sudden sand-storm. Also killed onboard was the singer-songwriter Daniel Balavoine, helicopter pilot François-Xavier Bagnoud, journalist Nathalie Odent and Jean-Paul Lefur who was a radiophonic engineer for RTL. Six people were killed during the 1988 race, three participants and three local residents. In one incident, Baye Sibi, a 10-year-old Malian girl, was killed by a racer while she crossed a road. A film crew's vehicle killed a mother and daughter in Mauritania on the last day of the race. The race participants killed, in three separate crashes, were a Dutch navigator on the DAF Trucks team, a French privateer, and a French rider. Racers were also blamed for starting a wildfire that caused a panic on a train running between Dakar and Bamako, where three more people were killed. In 2005, Spanish motorcyclist José Manuel Pérez died in a Spanish hospital on Monday, January 10 after crashing the week before on the 7th stage. Italian motorcyclist Fabrizio Meoni, a two-time winner of the event, became the second Dakar Rally rider to die in two days, following Pérez on January 11 on stage 11. Meoni was the 11th motorcyclist and the 45th competitor overall to die in the history of the race. On January 13, a five-year-old Senegalese girl was crushed beneath the wheels of a service lorry after wandering onto a main road, bringing the total deaths to five. Many other African non-participants are said to have been killed because of the Dakar rally, but unlike the participants, no official figures are available and the names of the victims are usually not given. In 2006, 41 year old Australian KTM motorcyclist Andy Caldecott, in his third time in the Dakar, died January 9 as a result of neck injuries received in a crash approximately 250km (155mi) into stage 9, between Nouakchott and Kiffa, only a few kilometers from the location where Meoni had his fatal wreck the year before. He won the third stage of the 2006 event between Nador and Er Rachidia only a few days before his death. The death occurred despite efforts by the event organisers to improve competitor safety, including speed limits, mandatory rest at fuel stops, and reduced fuel capacity requirements for the bike classes. On January 13, a 10-year old boy died while crossing the course after being hit by a car driven by Latvian Maris Saukans, while on January 14 a 12-year old boy was killed after being hit by a support lorry . In 2007, 29-year old South African motor racer Elmer Symons died of injuries sustained in a crash during the fourth stage of the Rally. Symons crashed with his bike in the desert between Er Rachidia and Ouarzazate, Morocco. Another death occurred on January 20, the night before the race's finish, when 42-year-old motorcyclist Eric Aubijoux died suddenly. The cause of death was initially believed to be a heart attack, however it was later suggested that Aubijoux died of internal injuries sustained in a crash earlier that day while competing in the 14th stage of the race. The race has been subject to criticism from several sources, generally focusing on the race's impact on the inhabitants of the countries through which it passes. The environmental impact of the race has been another issue. This rejection of the race is notably the topic of the song 500 connards sur la ligne de départ by French singer Renaud (""500 assholes on the start line""). The rally was criticised for crossing through the disputed, non-decolonized territory of Western Sahara, without consulting the Polisario Front, which is considered representative of the Sahrawi people. After the race officials began asking for formal permission from the Polisario from 2000 onwards, this has not been an issue. After the 1988 race, when three Africans were killed in collisions with vehicles involved in the race, PANA, a Dakar-based news agency, wrote that the deaths were ""insignificant for the organizers"". The Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano called the race a ""vulgar display of power and wealth in places where men continue to die from hunger and thirst."" During a 2002 protest at the race's start in Arras, France, a Green Party of France statement described the race as ""colonialism that needs to be eradicated"". Some residents along the race's course have said they see limited benefits from the race; that race participants spend little money on the goods and services local residents can offer. The racers produce substantial amounts of dust along the course, and are blamed for hitting and killing livestock, in addition to occasionally injuring or killing people. ,  Dakar Rally  2009-12-30T12:18:23Z  The Dakar Rally (or simply ""The Dakar""; formerly known as ""The Paris-Dakar"" or ""Paris to Dakar Rally"") is an annual rally raid type of off-road automobile race, organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation. Most events since the inception in 1978 were from Paris, France to Dakar, Senegal, but due to political instability in Africa, the 2009 Dakar Rally was run in South America, the first time the race took place outside of Europe and Africa. It will return to South America in 2010. The race is open to amateur and professional entries. Amateurs typically make up about eighty percent of the participants. Despite its name it is an off-road endurance race, called a rally-raid rather than a conventional rally — the terrain the competitors traverse is much tougher and the vehicles used are true off-road vehicles rather than the modified sedans used in rallies. Most of the competitive special sections are off-road, crossing dunes, mud, camel grass, rocks and erg among others. The distances of each stage covered vary from short distances up to 800–900 kilometres (500–560 mi) per day. The race originated in 1978, a year after racer Thierry Sabine got lost in the desert and decided that it would be a good location for a regular rally. Originally, the rally was from Paris, France to Dakar, Senegal, interrupted by a transfer across the Mediterranean. However, due to politics and other factors, the course, including origin and destination, has varied over the years. Dakar has been the destination city on all but four occasions. The rally began at Paris each year until 1995. In 1994 the rally both began and ended in Paris, but due to complaints by the mayor, the finish had to be moved from the Champs-Élysées to Euro Disney. This also caused the organisation to lay out the rally through different locations in following years. Recent rallies pass through Morocco, Western Sahara and on to the grasslands and deserts of Mauritania. The segments running through Atar and the sand dunes and canyons of Mauritania's Adrar Region may be the most challenging in all off-road racing. In 1992, Hubert Auriol won the Dakar in an automobile after having previously won the motorcycle competition on two occasions, making him the first driver to win on both two and four wheels. Later on, Stéphane Peterhansel managed to do the same. In 2001, Jutta Kleinschmidt was the first woman to win the Dakar, driving a Mitsubishi Pajero/Montero, co-driving with fellow German Andreas Schulz. In 2006, Patsy Quick became the first British woman to complete the Dakar (on a motorcycle). The 2008 Dakar Rally was canceled on January 4, 2008 amid fears of terrorist attack(s). This caused serious doubts over the future of the rally. Various newspapers in Africa called the cancellation a ""death sentence"" for the race. Chile and Argentina, in South America, offered their territory to host the event, as well as the Czech Republic, or Hungary in Central Europe. The ASO finally decided to establish the Dakar Series competition, whose first event was the 2008 Central Europe Rally (Hungary-Romania), between April 20 and April 26, 2008. The 2009 event was organized in the two South American countries, between January 3 and January 18, 2009. The competition will return to South America in 2010. The three major competitive groups in the Dakar are the bike class, the car class, which ranges from buggies to small SUVs, and the T4 truck class. Many vehicle manufacturers exploit the harsh environment the rally offers as a testing ground, and consequently to demonstrate the durability of their vehicles, although most vehicles are heavily modified or purpose built. The Moto class is divided between three groups. Group 1 is Marathon, which are nearly unmodified production motorcycles, subdivided between engines of greater and less than 451 cc (28 cu in). Group 2 is Super-Production bikes, which are more substantially modified than Marathon bikes, subdivided between engines of greater and less than 451 cc. Group 3 for quads, subdivided between engines of greater and less than 500 cc. Winning motorcycles include those made by KTM, Yamaha and BMW. The car class is made up of vehicles weighing less than 3,500 kg (7,716 lb) and subdivided into several categories. The T1 Group is made up of Improved Cross Country Vehicles and the T2 Group is made up of Cross Country Series Production vehicles. The Open class accepts weight-qualifying vehicles such as SCORE International trucks. Originally, European utility vehicles like the Renault 4, Land Rover, Range Rover, Mercedes-Benz G, Volkswagen Iltis and the Pinzgauer, as well the Japanese Toyota Land Cruiser, dominated the race. Mitsubishi Pajero/Montero is the most successful model in race history, including 7 years straight (2001-2007). Other manufacturers have entered heavily modified street vehicles such as Rolls-Royce, Citroën, Peugeot (405 T16 and 205 T16) and Porsche. In 2003 prominent examples in the Car Class included the Mitsubishi Pajero/Montero, the Volkswagen Race Touareg, the Bowler Wildcat 200 and the Nissan Navara. Mercedes Benz M, BMW X5 and BMW X3. Hummer H1 and Hummer H3 sport-utilities were represented but did not appear in the leader positions. Jean-Louis Schlesser built a series of custom dune buggy vehicles for the race and has won with them several times. American (""Baja"") style pro trucks have also made appearances but they have seldom won. At present the main competitors in the car class are Mitsubishi, Volkswagen and BMW. The Truck class, also known as ""Camions"" or ""Lorries"", is made up of vehicles weighing more than 3,500 kg (7,716 lb). They are divided into two groups, T4 and T5. T4 class trucks participate in the competition, while T5 trucks travel from bivouac to bivouac to support the competition vehicles. T4 trucks may provide assistance during the special stages but must be homologated vehicles. The T4.1 class covers production trucks, and the T4.2 class covers modified trucks. T5 vehicles do not have to be homologated. The T4 class has been composed of vehicles manufactured by Tatra, LIAZ, Kamaz, Hino, MAN, DAF, Mercedes-Benz Unimog, Renault Kerax, SCANIA, IVECO, and GINAF. In the 1980s, a strong rivalry between DAF and Mercedes-Benz led to vehicles which had twin engines and more than 1000 hp (750 kW). Later Tatra, and Kamaz took the race up. After 2000, renewed competition started in the truck class between DAF, Tatra, Mercedes-Benz and Kamaz. Source Over 22 different countries take the international feed of the event with a roundup of every day being made into a 26-minute programme. A television documentary Race To Dakar described the experiences of a team including the actor Charley Boorman in preparation for and entry into the 2006 Dakar Rally. In 1982, Mark Thatcher, son of the then British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, along with his French co-driver Charlotte Verney and their mechanic, disappeared for six days. On January 9, the trio became separated from a convoy of vehicles after they stopped to make repairs to a faulty steering arm. They were declared missing on January 12; after a large-scale search, a Lockheed L100 search plane from the Algerian military spotted their white Peugeot 504 some 50 km (30 mi) off course. Thatcher, Verney and the mechanic were all unharmed. The organiser of the rally, Thierry Sabine, was killed when his Ecureuil helicopter crashed at 07:30 p.m. on Tuesday 14 January 1986, into a dune at Mali during a sudden sand-storm. Also killed onboard was the singer-songwriter Daniel Balavoine, helicopter pilot François-Xavier Bagnoud, journalist Nathalie Odent and Jean-Paul Lefur who was a radiophonic engineer for RTL. Six people were killed during the 1988 race, three participants and three local residents. In one incident, Baye Sibi, a 10-year-old Malian girl, was killed by a racer while she crossed a road. A film crew's vehicle killed a mother and daughter in Mauritania on the last day of the race. The race participants killed, in three separate crashes, were a Dutch navigator on the DAF Trucks team, a French privateer, and a French rider. Racers were also blamed for starting a wildfire that caused a panic on a train running between Dakar and Bamako, where three more people were killed. In 2003 French driver Daniel Nebot both rolled and crashed his Toyota heavily at high speed killing his co-driver Bruno Cauvy. In 2005, Spanish motorcyclist José Manuel Pérez died in a Spanish hospital on Monday, January 10 after crashing the week before on the 7th stage. Italian motorcyclist Fabrizio Meoni, a two-time winner of the event, became the second Dakar Rally rider to die in two days, following Pérez on January 11 on stage 11. Meoni was the 11th motorcyclist and the 45th competitor overall to die in the history of the race. On January 13, a five-year-old Senegalese girl was crushed beneath the wheels of a service lorry after wandering onto a main road, bringing the total deaths to five. Many other African non-participants are said to have been killed because of the Dakar rally, but unlike the participants, no official figures are available and the names of the victims are usually not given. In 2006, 41 year old Australian KTM motorcyclist Andy Caldecott, in his third time in the Dakar, died January 9 as a result of neck injuries received in a crash approximately 250 km (155 mi) into stage 9, between Nouakchott and Kiffa, only a few kilometers from the location where Meoni had his fatal wreck the year before. He won the third stage of the 2006 event between Nador and Er Rachidia only a few days before his death. The death occurred despite efforts by the event organisers to improve competitor safety, including speed limits, mandatory rest at fuel stops, and reduced fuel capacity requirements for the bike classes. On January 13, a 10-year old boy died while crossing the course after being hit by a car driven by Latvian Māris Saukāns, while on January 14 a 12-year old boy was killed after being hit by a support lorry. In 2007, 29-year old South African motor racer Elmer Symons died of injuries sustained in a crash during the fourth stage of the Rally. Symons crashed with his bike in the desert between Er Rachidia and Ouarzazate, Morocco. Another death occurred on January 20, the night before the race's finish, when 42-year-old motorcyclist Eric Aubijoux died suddenly. The cause of death was initially believed to be a heart attack, however it was later suggested that Aubijoux died of internal injuries sustained in a crash earlier that day while competing in the 14th stage of the race. The 2008 Dakar Rally was cancelled due to security concerns after al-Qaeda's murder of four French tourists on Christmas Eve in December 2007 in Mauritania (a country in which the rally spends eight days), accusations against the rally calling it ""neo-colonialist,"" and accusations against Mauritania calling it a supporter of ""crusaders, apostates and infidels"". The French-based Amaury Sport Organisation in charge of the 6,000-kilometre (3,700 mi) rally said in a statement that they had been advised by the French government to cancel the race which had been due to begin on January 5, 2008 from Lisbon. They said direct threats had also been made against the event by al-Qaeda related organizations. In 2009, on the 7th of January, the body of 49-year old motorcyclist Pascal Terry from France was found. He had been missing for three days and his body lay on a remote part of the second stage between Santa Rosa de la Pampa and Puerto Madryn. Omar Osama bin Laden, son of Osama bin Laden, recently attracted widespread news coverage by promoting himself as an ""ambassador of peace"" and proposing a 3,000-mile (4,800 km) horse race across North Africa as a replacement to the Dakar Rally, with sponsors' money going to support child victims of war, saying ""I heard the rally was stopped because of al-Qaida. I don't think they are going to stop me."" The race has been subject to criticism from several sources, generally focusing on the race's impact on the inhabitants of the countries through which it passes. The environmental impact of the race has been another issue. This rejection of the race is notably the topic of the song ""500 connards sur la ligne de départ"" (""500 Assholes at the Starting Line""), by French singer Renaud. According to recent figures provided by the Dakar Rally, the carbon emissions of the two week race are approximately equivalent to a Formula One race. The rally was criticised for crossing through the disputed, non-decolonized territory of Western Sahara, without consulting the Polisario Front, which is considered representative of the Sahrawi people. After the race officials began asking for formal permission from the Polisario from 2000 onwards, this has not been an issue. After the 1988 race, when three Africans were killed in collisions with vehicles involved in the race, PANA, a Dakar-based news agency, wrote that the deaths were ""insignificant for the organizers"". The Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano called the race a ""vulgar display of power and wealth in places where men continue to die from hunger and thirst."" During a 2002 protest at the race's start in Arras, France, a Green Party of France statement described the race as ""colonialism that needs to be eradicated"". Some residents along the race's course have said they see limited benefits from the race; that race participants spend little money on the goods and services local residents can offer. The racers produce substantial amounts of dust along the course, and are blamed for hitting and killing livestock, in addition to occasionally injuring or killing people. start  end",1
Sebastián Tagliabúe,"Sebastián Tagliabúe  2010-01-09T19:28:47Z  Sebstián Lucas Tagliabué (born February 22, 1985 in Olivos, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine football striker, currently playing for Deportes La Serena. His career started in the Club Atlético Colegiales Primera División D, now part of Primera División C. Tagliabue made a move to Chile with a debut for Everton against his current team La Serena in a five goal draw wherein Tagliabue scored three of the goals recorded for his team. In 2009 Tagliabué signed with Deportes La Serena. Everton Torneo Clausura 2008: 12 matches and 5 goals Copa Chile: 1 match and 1 goal Total: 13 matches and 6 goals Deportes La Serena Torneo Apertura 2009: 12 matches and 7 goals Total: 12 matches and 7 goals,  Sebastián Tagliabúe  2011-12-23T02:17:14Z  Sebstián Lucas Tagliabué (born February 22, 1985 in Olivos, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine football striker, currently playing for Al-Ittifaq. Sebastian Tagliabué started his football career at Club Atletico Colegiales where he was for five years at the club (2003-2005), Colegiales was a club of First Division C (equivalent to the fourth division in Argentina), Sebastian took so typically more difficult is the way in football, starting a fourth team which would cost be recognized by people. But thank god Tagliabue, came out champion of the Primera C and had received offers from several metropolitan league teams but a string of offers you are presented with Everton of the Primera División de Chile. In his debut he scored three goals in a tie at five goals with Deportes La Serena and immediately won the hearts of all people of Everton from being talented was very charismatic with the fans. After just signed with Deportes La Serena, to defend him during the 2009 season where in total, played 27 matches and scored 13 goals. That same year left La Serena and received a good offer from Once Caldas, the Colombian Professional Football club to participate in the Copa Libertadores 2010. Everton Torneo Clausura 2008: 12 matches and 5 goals Copa Chile: 1 match and 1 goal Total: 13 matches and 6 goals Deportes La Serena Torneo Apertura 2009: 12 matches and 7 goals Torneo Clausura 2009: 14 matches and 6 goals Copa Chile 2009: 1 match and 0 goals Total: 27 matches and 13 goals",1
Rory McAllister (footballer),"Rory McAllister (footballer)  2010-02-13T23:15:17Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, who currently plays for Brechin City in the Scottish First Division. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness. In three seasons he played in 50 games, but scored just 4 goals. He made his league debut for Inverness as a second half substitute against his former club Aberdeen. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Scottish Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008, and he was released by Inverness in January 2009. McAllister then signed up for Brechin City. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the Under-20 World Cup. ,  Rory McAllister (footballer)  2011-12-21T10:07:02Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in the Scottish Third Division. Rory McAlister came through the ranks at Aberdeen but never played for the first team. However he did play for the reserves on a few occasions. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness. In three seasons he played in 50 games, but scored just 4 goals. He made his league debut for Inverness as a second half substitute against his former club Aberdeen. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Scottish Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. In January 2009 was released by Inverness after playing 50 times and scoring 4 times for the highlanders. McAllister then signed up for Brechin City F.C., scoring a total of 34 goals in his first season as Brechin lost out in the first division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. As of 6 May 2011, McAllister has scored 24 goals in all competitions in the 2010/11 season, two of which came in a Scottish Cup quarter final against St Johnstone F.C. of the Scottish Premier League. McAllister's goalscoring exploits did not go unnoticed, with Dundee United and a number of English clubs rumoured to be keen on him. Despite rejecting an offer from Scottish Premier League side St Mirren and amidst reported interest from the likes of Aberdeen, Sheffield United and Charlton Athletic McAllister dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead F.C to be close to Aberdeen in order to get a degree in plumbing so he has something to fall back on when he retires from football. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the Under-20 World Cup. He has also been capped at under-21 level.",1
Avonside_Locomotive_Works,"Avonside_Locomotive_Works  2010-12-29T15:22:06Z   The Avonside Locomotive Works was a locomotive manufacturer on Filwood Road, Fishponds, Bristol, England. A nearby locomotive builder was Peckett and Sons located on Deep Pit Road between Fishponds and St George. The original Avonside Engine Company was based in St Philips, Bristol, and founded in 1837 as Henry Stothert and Company. This firm had got into financial difficulties and was liquidated in the 1880s. A new company was formed using the Avonside name as the Avonside Locomotive Works, initially at St Philips, before the company moved to Fishponds in 1905. The capital for the new factory in Fishponds was provided by Ronald Murray, and the facility was set up to build 16 locomotives a year. The company used the shunting line into Fishponds railway station and onto the Midland line in order to get their engines onto the mainline and onto their customers. The company carried on the previous firms policy of concentrating on smaller engine types of various gauges, and saw some success in exporting their locomotives all over the world as far afield as South America. One such customer was the Guaqui-La Paz Railway in Bolivia. Other engines built for overseas included a Heisler locomotive, developed for use on sugar estates in hot climes. Closer to home, locomotives were supplied to the War Department (UK) in 1915, fitted with Parsons 4-cylinder internal combustion engines. The 0-4-0 type was popular, Cadburys of Bournville ordered a 0-4-0T in 1926 and the Great Western Railway were supplied with six 0-4-0Ts in the 1920s. The Avonside Locomotive Works was badly effected by the 1930s Great Depression and went into voluntary liquidation in November 1934. The Fishponds plant and buildings were sold off in 1935 and the goodwill, drawing and patterns purchased by the Hunslet Engine Company. Several Fishponds built Avonside locomotives remain, including: Avonside locomotives preserved in Bolivia include: Template:UK-rail-stub,  Avonside_Locomotive_Works  2011-12-28T15:52:45Z   The Avonside Locomotive Works was a locomotive manufacturer on Filwood Road, Fishponds, Bristol, England. A nearby locomotive builder was Peckett and Sons located on Deep Pit Road between Fishponds and St George. The original Avonside Engine Company was based in St Philips, Bristol, and founded in 1837 as Henry Stothert and Company.",0
Jason Aldean discography,"Jason Aldean discography  2010-05-08T02:21:36Z  This is a detailed discography for American country music artist Jason Aldean. Aldean's discography has accounted for three studio albums (Jason Aldean, Relentless, and Wide Open), and ten singles. Among these singles are four Number One hits: ""Why"", ""She's Country,"" ""Big Green Tractor,"" and ""The Truth."",  Jason Aldean discography  2011-12-24T17:46:04Z  Jason Aldean is an American country music artist. His discography comprises four studio albums (Jason Aldean, Relentless, Wide Open, and My Kinda Party), and eleven singles. Among these singles are six Number Ones on the Hot Country Songs charts: ""Why"", ""She's Country"", ""Big Green Tractor"", ""The Truth"", ""Don't You Wanna Stay"", and ""Dirt Road Anthem"". His first, third, and fourth albums are all certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and Relentless is certified gold by the same. Aldean's fourth album, My Kinda Party, produced his highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100. The song ""Dirt Road Anthem"" reached number seven on the chart, and featured a studio remix with rapper Ludacris. My Kinda Party is also his first album to be certified in Canada.",1
Jason Alexander,"Jason Alexander  2007-01-02T07:06:16Z  Jason Alexander (born Jason Scott Greenspan on September 23, 1959) is a Jewish American television, cinema and musical theatre actor, best known for his role as George Costanza on the hit television series Seinfeld. Alexander was born in Livingston, New Jersey to Alex and Ruth Greenspan. He has a half-sister/friend, Karen Van Horn, and a half-brother, Michael Greenspan. Alexander is Jewish. Alexander is a 1977 graduate of Livingston High School in Livingston, New Jersey. He had also attended Boston University, but then he left the summer before his senior year after getting work in New York City. He was later given an honorary degree. In September 2006 on Access Hollywood, he identified Robert Lampf as his favorite teacher and the teacher that most influenced and encouraged him to pursue his acting. You must add a |reason= parameter to this Cleanup template – replace it with {{Cleanup|November 2006|reason=}}, or remove the Cleanup template. Alexander was one of the stars of the award-winning television sitcom Seinfeld in which he played the neurotic ne'er-do-well George Costanza, Jerry Seinfeld's best friend. He has also appeared in a number of movies (Love! Valour! Compassion!, Dunston Checks In, and Pretty Woman among them) and did some work as a director, including a recent successful Hollywood concert version of the musical Hair, for which he was also the MC. He is also known for providing the voice of the lead character in the cult animated series Duckman, as well as the voice of Catbert, the evil director of human resources, in the short-lived Dilbert animated series, based on the popular comic strip. Alexander began his acting career on the New York stage. On Broadway, he appeared in Stephen Sondheim's Merrily We Roll Along, The Rink, Sweeney Todd co-starring with Angela Lansbury for which he has won several awards, Neil Simon's Broadway Bound, Accomplice, and Jerome Robbins' Broadway, for which he was awarded the 1989 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Alexander has also done a McDonald's commercial advertising the McDLT, in which he sings. He has also appeared in KFC commercials, including one with baseball superstar Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants and another one opposite Trista Rehn of The Bachelorette. Though it could probably and quite possibly have been rumored (here, among other sources) that he no longer appears in these commercials due to the alleged cruelty to animals by KFC suppliers and slaughterhouses, he settled the controversy in Adweek . Alexander said, ""That's PETA bullcrap. I loved working for KFC. I was targeted by PETA to broker something between them. I think KFC really stepped up to the plate; unfortunately PETA did not."" Returning to the stage, Alexander was cast in a successful run, opposite Martin Short, in the Los Angeles production of Mel Brooks' The Producers in 2003 (http://www.broadwayworld.com/showinfo.cfm?showid=23). He is also featured in country star Brad Paisley's music video, ""Celebrity"". In the fall of 2004, he began appearing in a new sitcom on CBS, Listen Up, costarring Malcolm-Jamal Warner. His character was based on sportswriter Tony Kornheiser, but the show did not last the entire season and was not renewed for a second season. He had previously starred in the failed sitcom Bob Patterson (2001) and, years prior to Seinfeld, was featured in the 1984-1985 sitcom E/R. Alexander continues to appear in live stage shows including in 2005 Barbara Streisand's Memorable, Birthday Party for Stephen Sondheim at the Hollywood Bowl in which he and Angela Lansbury again appeared doing selections again from Sweeney Todd. This so-called appearance was not forgettable because of the above reproach performance and the part in which Lansbury launched over a cage on stage and burst, injuring its leg near the end of the performance. In the summer of 2005, he appeared with Lee Iacocca in ads for DaimlerChrysler vehicles which is coincidental, considering the fact that his character on Seinfeld, George Costanza, once bought a Chrysler convertible solely on the belief that it was previously owned by Jon Voight (the actual owner was a John Voight, a New York dentist) In one of his few cinematic appearances, he played another memorable character (aside from Costanza) — an unlikeable womanizer named Mauricio — in the movie Shallow Hal (2001) against Jack Black. He also played the business partner of Richard Gere's character in Pretty Woman. Alexander also appeared with Kelsey Grammer in the musical adaptation of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol. He played Jacob Marley to Grammer's Ebenezer Scrooge. Alexander also appeared in Rob Reiner's 1994 film North starring Elijah Wood and Bruce Willis along with Julia Louis-Dreyfus, one of his Seinfeld co-stars. Alexander appears on the Family Guy: Live in Vegas CD singing a verse in the song ""All Cartoons are Fuckin' Dicks"". Alexander is credited with coining the term ""Ass Hat"" in a well known blooper from the show ""Seinfeld"". He featured in the Friends episode ""The One Where Rosita Dies"" as a suicidal supply manager named Earl. Phoebe rings him trying to sell him toner and she learns about his problem and tries to convince him not to commit suicide. This is referred to in an episode of Malcolm in the Middle where Alexander appears as a neurotic and critical loner called Leonard. He describes himself as free and mentions that he makes money with a job ""selling toner over the phone"", also in the episode, he was repeatedly harassed by a man named George; his character's name on Seinfeld. Alexander is also the national spokesman for the Scleroderma Foundation, a leading organization dedicated to raising awareness of the disease and assisting those who are afflicted. He performed a mentalism and magic act at the World Famous Magic Castle in Hollywood, California on April 24-30 2006. On the June 26 2006 episode of the Jimmy Kimmel Live talk show, Alexander demonstrated several self-defense techniques. He was also the Host of the 230th July 4 2006 of the PBS July 4 ""A Capitol Fourth"" Celebrations in Washington, D.C. in which he sang, danced, and played tuned drums. Alexander has appeared several times on Bravo's Celebrity Poker Showdown, and won the final table in the 8th season, finishing ahead of (in order) Robin Tunney, Michael Ian Black, Ida Siconolfi, and Keegan-Michael Key. At one point, Alexander was down to less than $12,000 in chips, when Michael Ian Black imploded, finishing third after having had nearly 80% of the chips on the table. Alexander played for United Way of the greater New Orleans area, and won $500,000 for the charity. He's also appeared on the popular show ""Monk,"" in the episode Mr. Monk and the Other Detective. Jason played a private detective named Marty Eels who competed with Monk. Jason did the voice of Hugo the Gargoyle in Disney's animated version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame. On August 6 2006, Alexander signed on to feature as a regular cast-member in the second season of Everybody Hates Chris. In January 1995 Alexander did a commercial for Rold Gold pretzels to be broadcast during the Superbowl. The commercial depicts Jason with Frasier dog ""Eddie"" jumping out of an airplane with a parachute over the stadium. After the commercial we're brought back to a supposedly ""live feed"" of the playing field hearing startled sports commentators as we see Jason and the dog landing in the field to applause from the crowd. Alexander was the host of the Comedy Central roast of actor William Shatner on August 13, 2006, first airing August 20, 2006. Alexander has been married to Daena E. Title since May 31, 1981. They have two children, Gabriel and Noah. ,  Jason Alexander  2008-12-28T14:25:51Z  Jason Alexander (born September 23, 1959 as Jason Scott Greenspan) is an American actor, best known for his role as George Costanza on the television series Seinfeld. Jason Alexander was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Ruth Minnie (née Simon), a nurse and health care administrator, and Alexander B. Greenspan, an accounting manager. He has a half-sister, Karen Van Horn, and a half-brother, Michael Greenspan. Alexander is a 1977 graduate of Livingston High School in Livingston, New Jersey. He attended Boston University but left the summer before his senior year, after getting work in New York City. He was later given an honorary degree. He is a keen magician, and only switched to acting as a career when he realized that he was unlikely to succeed as a magician. Alexander began his acting career on the New York stage and is an accomplished singer and dancer. On Broadway, he appeared in Stephen Sondheim's Merrily We Roll Along, The Rink, Neil Simon's Broadway Bound, Accomplice, and Jerome Robbins' Broadway, for which he garnered the 1989 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Returning to the stage in 2003, Alexander was cast in a successful run, opposite Martin Short, in the Los Angeles production of Mel Brooks' The Producers Alexander also appeared with Kelsey Grammer in the 2004 musical adaptation of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol. He played Jacob Marley to Grammer's Ebenezer Scrooge. Alexander continues to appear in live stage shows, including Barbra Streisand's memorable birthday party for Stephen Sondheim at the Hollywood Bowl, in which he appeared with Angela Lansbury, performing selections from Sweeney Todd. Alexander was recently named the Artistic Director of Reprise! Broadway's Best in Los Angeles, where he previously directed Sunday in the Park with George. He is scheduled to direct the upcoming revival of Damn Yankees at Reprise! Alexander is best known as one of the key cast members of the phenomenally successful, award-winning television sitcom Seinfeld (1989-1998), in which he played George Costanza (the Jerry Seinfeld character's best friend since childhood). Concurrently with his Seinfeld role, Alexander provided the voice of the lead character in the cult animated series Duckman (1994-1997). Alexander also voiced Catbert, the evil director of human resources, in the short-lived Dilbert animated series based on the popular comic strip. He made cameo appearances in the second season of Curb Your Enthusiasm, playing himself. Alexander co-starred with George Clooney and Elliot Gould in the short-lived CBS sitcom E/R from 1984-1985. He played Hospital Administrator Harold Stickley. Alexander also had a part in the ABC sitcom Dinosaurs, as Al (Sexual) Harris (who frequently engaged in sexual harassment). Despite a relatively successful career in film and stage, Alexander never managed to repeat his Seinfeld-level of success in television. 2001 marked his first post-Seinfeld return to prime-time television: the heavily-promoted but short-lived ABC sitcom Bob Patterson (which was canceled after just 5 episodes). His second chance as a t.v. series lead, the CBS sitcom Listen Up! (September 20, 2004 to April 25, 2005), also fell short of a second season. Based very loosely on the life of the popular sports-media personality Tony Kornheiser, Alexander was also the series' principal executive producer. Alexander appears on the Family Guy: Live in Vegas CD singing a verse in the song ""All Cartoons are Fuckin' Dicks"". Alexander is credited with coining the term ""asshat"" in a well known blooper from the show ""Seinfeld"". He was featured in the Friends episode ""The One Where Rosita Dies"" as a suicidal supply manager named Earl. Phoebe rings him trying to sell him toner and she learns about his problem and tries to convince him not to commit suicide. This is referred to in an episode of Malcolm in the Middle where Alexander appears as a neurotic and critical loner called Leonard. He describes himself as free and mentions that he makes money with a job ""selling toner over the phone"". Also in the episode, he is repeatedly harassed by a man named George - his character's name on Seinfeld. Alexander appeared in the 1995 TV version of the Broadway musical ""Bye Bye Birdie"", as Conrad Birdie's agent, Albert Peterson. Alexander appeared on Star Trek: Voyager on the episode ""Think Tank"" playing a genius alien named Kurros who was trying to get Seven of Nine to serve on his ship. He appeared in the first episode of the short-lived 2002 revival of The Twilight Zone, playing Death. He featured in the 2005 Monk episode ""Mr. Monk and the Other Detective"" as Monk's eponymous rival, Marty Eels. On the June 26, 2006 episode of the Jimmy Kimmel Live! talk show, Alexander demonstrated several self-defense techniques. He was also the Host of the 230th July 4, 2006 of the PBS July 4 ""A Capitol Fourth"" Celebrations in Washington, D.C. in which he sang, danced, and played tuned drums. Alexander has appeared twice on Bravo's Celebrity Poker Showdown, winning the final table of the 8th season. In the process, Alexander won $500,000 for United Way of the greater New Orleans area, a charity. On August 6, 2006, Alexander signed on to feature as a regular cast member in the second season of Everybody Hates Chris. Alexander was the host of the Comedy Central Roast of actor William Shatner on August 13, 2006 (first airdate: August 20, 2006). In 2007, Alexander was a guest star in the third episode of the improv comedy series Thank God You're Here. He is also a frequent guest and panelist on: Bill Maher's Politically Incorrect and Real Time shows; Hollywood Squares; the Late Late Show, with both Craig Kilborn and Craig Ferguson; and, the Late Show with David Letterman. In 2008, Alexander guest-starred as a serial killer on the CBS show Criminal Minds In addition to his roles as a misogynistic lawyer in Pretty Woman, co-starring with Richard Gere, and as the womanizer Mauricio in Shallow Hal, with Jack Black, Alexander has appeared in a litany of Hollywood film productions. They include Love! Valour! Compassion! , Dunston Checks In, The Last Supper, Jacob's Ladder and ""Hood of Horror"". He has also dabbled in the art of directing, starting with 1996's For Better or Worse and 1999's Just Looking. He also played the phenomenally successful US toymaker A.C. Gilbert in the 2002 movie: The Man Who Saved Christmas (film). Alexander is also featured in country music star Brad Paisley's music videos ""Celebrity"" and ""Online,"" the latter of which he directed and won the 2007 Country Music Association's Video of the Year Award. In January 1995, Alexander did a commercial for Rold Gold pretzels to be broadcast during the Super Bowl. The commercial depicts Jason with Frasier dog ""Eddie"" jumping out of an airplane with a parachute over the stadium. After the commercial, we're brought back to a supposedly ""live feed"" of the playing field hearing startled sports commentators as we see Jason and the dog landing in the field to applause from the crowd. In the summer of 2005, he appeared with Lee Iacocca in ads for DaimlerChrysler. Alexander has also done a McDonald's commercial advertising the McDLT, in which he sings. He has also appeared in KFC commercials, including one with baseball superstar Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants and another one opposite Trista Rehn of The Bachelorette. It was rumored that he no longer appears in these commercials due to the alleged cruelty to animals by KFC suppliers and slaughterhouses, but he refuted that in Adweek . Alexander said, ""That's PETA bullcrap. I loved working for KFC. I was targeted by PETA to broker something between them. I think KFC really stepped up to the plate; unfortunately PETA did not."" He performed a mentalism and magic act at the Magic Castle in Hollywood, California on April 24-30 2006. He has been awarded the Parlor Magician of the year award at the Castle. Alexander was the national spokesman for the Scleroderma Foundation, a leading organization dedicated to raising awareness of the disease and assisting those who are afflicted. He also voiced the character Abis Mal in Aladdin the return of Jafar. An avid poker player, Jason was also one of the ""famous faces"" due to being a regular player on the online poker website Hollywood Poker which is run in conjunction with Ongame Network. Alexander also played in the 2007 World Series of Poker main event, but was eliminated on the second day. Alexander is currently starring in ""Jason Alexander's Comedy Spectacular"" exclusive to Australia. This is a sold-out show where he performs stand-up, improvisation and demonstrates some of his Broadway musical talent. He is backed up by some well known Australian comedians. His first time performing a similar show of this nature was in 2006 for ""Jason Alexander's Comedy Christmas."" Both Alexander and his show have been receiving considerable media publicity in Australia and particularly Melbourne. He has expressed the great time he has had holidaying in Australia. Jason Alexander was host of the LOL Sudbury opening night Gala in Sudbury, Ontario on May 29, 2008 which was simulcast throughout Canada at 60 Cineplex theaters, a first for any comedy festival. He has lent his voice to several episodes of the Twilight Zone Radio Dramas. He has been married to Daena E. Title since May 31, 1982. They have two children, Gabriel (b. May 1992) and Noah (b. February 1996). He is also the uncle and godfather of the Irish born actor Stephen Mullan, who appeared in movies such as She's All That and Tigerland. His brother-in-law is actor/writer/director Jonathan Penner (husband to Daene Title's sister Stacy) who appeared on Survivor: Cook Islands and left due to injury on Survivor: Micronesia - Fans vs. Favorites. According to an FX trivia question during a viewing of Shallow Hal, Alexander started losing his hair at the age of 16. {{subst:#if:Alexander, Jason|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1959}} }}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:LIVING}} }}",1
Samyamindra Thirtha,"Samyamindra Thirtha  2014-04-02T08:08:42Z  H.H.Shrimath Samyamindra Thirtha is the 21st Yati of Shree Kashi Math Samsthan. A young Vatu named Sri Umesh Mallan was singled out after casting a total of 48 horoscopes as his constellation paved the merited way to characteristics to become a pontiff. He was born on 12th September, 1982. When the vatu was selected he was studying 2nd year B.Com in Lakshmi College in Paravoor. Being the youngest in his family, Sri Umesh Mallan’s ambition was to join the army and serve the country. His father, Sri Surendra Mallan worked as a stenographer at Kakanad Naval Physical Oceanography Laboratory in Cochin. His elder brother Sri Suresh Mallan has been working for a Bank. H.H Shrimath Sudhindra Thirtha Swamiji, Mathadhipati of Shree Kashi Math Samsthan initiated him into Sanyas on the banks of the Holy River Ganga. The Sanyas Dhiksha ceremony took place in Sri Vyasa Ashram (Haridwar Shri Kashi Math) on the day of Jyeshta Shuddha Dashami, 20th June 2002 and the Yati was named Shrimath Samyamindra Thirtha Swamiji. The proclamation was put into effect by H.H Shrimath Sudhindra Thirtha Swamiji on the day of Vyasa Jayanthi (Guru Poornima). ,  Samyamindra Thirtha  2015-10-27T04:43:54Z  Samyamindra Thirtha (born 12 September 1982), also referred to as Shri Samyamindra Thirtha Swamiji is the current main disciple (patta shishya) and successor (uttaradhikari) of the Kashi Math. He is the 21st successive person called the swamiji of guru parampara. In early life he was known as Umesh Mallan, the son of Surendra Mallan. His father was a stenographer at Cochin. Before being initiated into sanyasa he was studying 2nd year commerce in Lakshmi College in North Paravur. Being the youngest in his family, his ambition was to join the army and serve his country. His elder brother Suresh Mallan has been working for a bank. During the shishya sweekar (disciple acceptance) process by Sudhindra Thirtha, the horoscope of the young vatu Umesh Mallan was selected after casting a total of 48 horoscopes. As that horoscope had the characteristics sought for a pontiff, Sudhindra Thirtha chose him as his successor. On 20 June 2002, Sudhindra Thirtha initiated Umesh Mallan into Sanyas on the banks of the Ganges. The ceremony was celebrated in the math on Jyeshta Shuddha Dashami day and the new successor was named as Samyamindra Thirta. The declaration was put into effect by Sudhindra Thirtha on the Vyasa Jayanthi, (the Guru's full-moon day). The Sudha Mangalotsava of Samyamindra Tirtha was celebrated at Bangalore Shri Kashi Math Samsthan on Madhwa Navami day on 24 January 2010. It was celebrated by the entire GSB community. Sudha Mangalotsava and rigorous training are compulsory for all the pontiffs of Samsthan. Each preceding head of the math has duly undergone this after their respective Deeksha ceremony. The present mathadipathi of Samsthan, Sudhindra Thirtha was the latest to do so before Samyamindra Thirtha, in Buntwal during 1955. Then, after fifty-five years, Sudha Mangalostava by the disciple was celebrated in the presence of the incumbent. The tradition of Kashi Math is for the mathadipathi to perform thrice-daily services (""thrikala pooja"") to the principle deities of the math, or charaprathishta (“moving installation"") idols of Vyasa, Rama and Narasimha. Usually those three times are morning, noon and night. Those principle deities of the math are said to have liked to travel and bless the devotees. According to the math's tradition, the mathapadi travels and camps in different places including math branches and GSB temples in India, in the belief that such travel emulates the deities. Each such camp carrying the idols is known as a Mokkam. The mathapadi camps at each place for a week or less in each mokkam except during Vasanthotsavam (the spring festival) and Chaturmasa Vrutha (the rainy season). Samyamindra Thirtha offers thrice-daily devotions to the Samsthan deities and camps at different places for each mokkam. Chathurmasya means four months (July Second Half - November First Half, to live in one place during the rainy season). Historically, Hindu saints stayed in one place to observe certain Vruthas (vows), self study, study self discipline and engage in discussions and discourses to enrich their knowledge. This tradition continues even now in Shri Kashi Math Samsthan. The devotees and citizens of the locality where Swamiji undertakes this Vrutha welcome a Chathurmasya. It provides them an opportunity to come together, to work as a team, to offer prayers, to conduct Poojas and enrich their knowledge by seeking guidance from Shri Swamiji on a daily basis. Important festivals are celebrated during this period. Chathurmasya Vrata involves observing austerities with dietary restrictions, divine contemplation and intense meditation with the aim of attaining Holy Communion with God. The process includes a host of religious rites and rules and regulations which have been prescribed in detail. For swamis who are always on the move to spread the basic principles of sanatana dharma among their widely dispersed devotees, Chathurmasya Vrata is often the only period of uninterrupted and concentrated meditation. Vasanthosava is a mokkam performed by the swami of the math every year for a duration of one month which is referred to as Vasanth Month (April - May). During this month he camps at one place with the principle deities and visits nearby places without carrying them.",1
Widnes Vikings,"Widnes Vikings  2014-01-07T20:53:04Z  Widnes Vikings RLFC are an English professional rugby league club based in Widnes, Cheshire. They currently play in the Stobart Super League, the top tier of European rugby league, after being awarded a license to compete in the top-flight from 2012 onwards. They play their home games at the Select Security Stadium. Widnes were one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league teams. Their traditional nickname is ""The Chemics"" after the main industry in Widnes, but the club also use their more modern nickname in ""The Vikings"". They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves and before the Super League era Widnes were one of the strongest teams in British rugby league. They were described the ""Cup Kings"" after going to Wembley nearly every year in the late 1970s and early 1980s. By 1989 Widnes became the first official World Club Champions, by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders. Following a brief spell in Super League (2002–05), the club entered into Administration in 2007 and was later purchased by Steve O'Connor, a local businessman, who had just sold his business to the Stobart Group. He invested heavily into his hometown club, regaining Superleague status by 2012. The Farnworth & Appleton Cricket Club was formed in 1871 and four years later the members decided to embrace the burgeoning football code. At their fourth annual evening party in the Drill Hall, Widnes, in November 1875, club Chairman Henry Lea ""gave a short account of the club since it commenced about four years ago, and indicated that they had now started a football club in connexion (sic) with it, and hoped all would join"". The first known game for the new Farnworth and Appleton FC was in Widnes in January 1876 played under rugby rules against Northwich Victoria. A few weeks later a return match was played at Drill Field, Northwich under soccer rules. Vics won both games. These are the only two known fixtures in that truncated first season. By May 1876 the club had changed its name to Widnes FC and the cricket side of the organisation had disbanded, presumably to concentrate on football activities. By the late 1870s the club was being referred to as ""The Chemicals""—subsequently shortened to 'The Chemics'. The first ground was on Albert Road behind what is now the Premier Wetherspoon's pub and a short spell followed in the Simms Cross area. From around 1878–84 the club were based at the junction of Millfield/Peelhouse Lane, apart from season 1880–81 when they played on the Widnes Cricket Club ground at Lowerhouse Lane. From 1884–95 they rented a field at Lowerhouse Lane before moving to their third separate site on that road in October 1895. The first ever game at what later became Naughton Park was against Liversedge on Saturday 12 October 1895. In 1895, Widnes were founder members of the Northern Union which broke away from the Rugby Football Union. Their first game was an away fixture against Runcorn which they lost 15–4. During the early years, the club often had to sell players to balance the books. The strength of junior rugby league in the area meant the club had a steady stream of new players to offset any losses. In 1902, the Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues were combined to form a second division, Widnes was added to the first division. In 1914, Arthur 'Chick' Johnson was capped for the Lions (captained by Harold Wagstaff) in the famous Rorke's Drift test, a match in which they overcame all the odds, and injuries to beat Australia with a depleted side of 10 against 13. He scored an extraordinary try to win the game, dribbling the ball from inside his own half. The club's first ever success came when they won the Lancashire League trophy in the 1919–20 season. However, the 1920s saw the club almost go to the wall. Local rivals Warrington donated their share of the traditional Easter and Christmas derby matches to keep Widnes afloat in 1927–28. In 1930, Widnes with 12 local-born players defied the odds to beat St Helens 10–3 to bring home the Challenge Cup. The Kingsway housing scheme threatened the loss of Widnes' ground. After several years of fundraising during the Great Depression of the 1930s, £3,250 was raised to save the ground. This came with a stipulation that the ground could be sold only to the local council at the original price. The newly named Naughton Park was opened in 1932. A major boost for the club was Widnes' first ever trip to the Challenge Cup final, staged at Wembley. Their opponents were St. Helens, Saints scored after 6 minutes to take a 3–0 lead, but Widnes hit back with a penalty try, a further try and a penalty to take a 10–3 half-time lead. A scoreless second half meant Widnes had won the cup. Widnes became the first club to make two trips to Wembley, with a loss to Hunslet in the 1934 cup final. In 1935–36, the team came close to being rugby league champions. Having finished third in the table, Widnes beat Liverpool 10–9 but lost to Hull, in the championship final. A third trip to Wembley came in 1937, with an 18–5 win over Keighley. The final was dubbed ""McCue's Match"" as the halfback played an important part in the win. Widnes dropped out of the wartime Lancashire league in 1940–41 and did not return to league competition until 1945–46. Tommy McCue led the club to its first ever Lancashire Cup win, with a 7–3 victory against Wigan in 1945. Back at Wembley in 1950, the team was beaten 19–0 by Warrington. During this period, the club reverted to selling its players to richer teams. Local man Vince Karalius joined Widnes from St. Helens in 1962 and was appointed club captain. In his first season, Widnes finished third in the Championship, which equalled the club's best league placing. In 1962, the league was split into East and West of the Pennines; Widnes and Workington Town met at Central Park, Wigan, in the first final of the Western Division Championship on Saturday 10 November 1962. With two minutes remaining, Lowdon dropped a goal to earn Workington a 9–9 draw. Later in the month Workington won the replay 10–0. The following season saw him lead his team to Wembley, where Widnes were Rugby League Challenge Cup winners after they defeated Hull Kingston Rovers 13–5. No team had ever played more games in reaching Wembley than Widnes in 1964. In the first round, two replays were necessary before beating Leigh. Liverpool City were beaten in the second round, then Widnes played Swinton in front of 19,000 at Naughton Park. A 5–5 draw meant another replay, which was a scoreless draw at Station Road. A second replay at Wigan was watched by 21,369 with Widnes winning 15–3. The semi-final against Castleford was drawn 7–7. A crowd of 28,732 spectators watched the replay, which Widnes won. A Wembley crowd of 84,488 saw Widnes win the Challenge Cup for the third time with a 13–5 victory over Hull KR. This was the Chemics first trophy success in eighteen years. The 1970s saw the first really outstanding Widnes team. A host of young local players developed into the ""Cup Kings"", a golden age for the club. The first cup-final was a loss in the 1971–72 Lancashire Cup. The following two seasons, Widnes reached the finals of the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy. The first success came in the 1975 Lancashire Cup which Widnes won by beating Salford that season. They also won the 1975 Challenge Cup final 14–7 versus Warrington at Wembley. This was the first time in their history that Widnes had won two trophies in the same season. Widnes visited Wembley in the following two seasons, losing to St. Helens and then Leeds. However, this was made up for by victories in the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy. The season after this (1977–78) saw their first league championship. The team went through the season unbeaten at home in the league. There were also trips to the John Player and Premiership finals. Keith Elwell began his run of 242 consecutive appearances at Wembley in the 1976–77 Challenge Cup Final, including two as a substitute. He finished his run at Hull on 26 September 1982. This record for consecutive appearances for one club stands to this day. Doug Laughton took over the job of team coach when Frank Myler retired from the position in 1978. The 1978–79 season saw no less than four cups come to Widnes—the BBC2 floodlit trophy, Lancashire Cup, Premiership and a win at Wembley over Wakefield Trinity in front of a crowd of 93,218. Widnes beat the Australian tourists in 1978. The 1979–80 season saw Widnes beat Bradford Northern in the Premiership final, but come second to them in the league and John Player Trophy. The Lancashire Cup was won for the fifth time in the 1970s. The 1980s started with a Wembley win over Hull Kingston Rovers in 1980–81. The season after this, Widnes again returned to Wembley, to face Hull. Widnes led 14–6 with less than 20 minutes to go, but the game finished 14–14 and Hull won the replay 18–9 at Elland Road, Leeds. Widnes kept their record of winning a cup every season by defeating Hull 23–8 in the Premiership final. The next season saw Hull again beaten by Widnes in the Premiership final. Vince Karalius returned to the club for a short spell in 1983–84 leading a strong Widnes side to the finals of the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy and another Wembley victory appearance 19–6 against Wigan. Doug Laughton returned to the club in January 1986 and began a series of signings of players from other league clubs and from rugby union. One such player was Martin Offiah, who in 1987–88 scored a club record 42 tries. The team went on to win the championship that season, clinching it with a 50-point win away over Hunslet. Widnes then beat St. Helens in the Premiership Final at Old Trafford, Manchester a game in which Alan Tait made his début. The 1988–89 season saw the club sign rugby union star Jonathan Davies from Llanelli for £225,000. Wigan were beaten in the Charity Shield but had their revenge in the Regal Trophy Final. The Championship came down to the last game of the season, a capacity crowd at Naughton Park saw Widnes beat Wigan 32–18 to win the title for the second year running. The Premiership was won again, with over 40,000 at Old Trafford to see Widnes beat Hull 18–10. The 1989–90 season saw Widnes play at Anfield, Liverpool beating Wigan 27–22. A trip to France to play Le Pontet saw Widnes chosen as the Northern Hemisphere representatives to meet Australia's Grand Final winners. Canberra took a 12–0 lead but were then swept aside as Widnes stormed home 30–18 to become the first official World Club Champions. However, financial problems riddled the club in the early 1990s. To balance the books, over 25 first team players were sold to other teams. This resulted in the club sinking to 12th in the division one table, avoiding relegation. In 1996, the first tier of British rugby league clubs played the inaugural Super League season and changed from a winter to a summer season. When the RFL announced that a new 12-team Super League was to be formed a chaotic period ensued in which the club was out, then in, then out, then in merged with local rivals Warrington and then finally out again as they finished below the cut-off point of 10th in the existing top flight. The club adopted the name Widnes Vikings on 27 November 1996; the club had intended to adopt the moniker 'Warriors' by were asked to reconsider the RFL as Whitehaven were planning to adopt this moniker. Further player and coaching departures ensued and the club struggled in the new first division, the club's first ever finish in the relegation zone followed. They spent the next 5 years in the Northern Ford Premiership. Graeme West took over as coach after Doug Laughton's third stint, his reign lasted from May 1997 until August 1998. During this time, the playing arena was rebuilt and the old stands, terraces and facilities were demolished to be replaced with a state-of-the-art all-seater stadium. This was also renamed from Naughton Park to the Halton Community Stadium (it also went on to be called The AutoQuest Stadium, the Halton Stadium and the Stobart Stadium, Halton). In 1999 Widnes narrowly missed out on a place in the grand final. The 2000 season was one of transition with head coach Colin Whitfield being sacked and replaced by David Hulme being appointed as his successor. The record attendance for the newly rebuilt stadium was set at 6,644 for a Northern Ford Premiership game against Leigh on Boxing Day 2000. Widnes finished off a poor season in 8th place in the NFP. They were finally promoted to Super League under coach Neil Kelly in 2001 beating Oldham 24–12 in the NFP Grand Final. Their début season in Super League was in 2002, Superleague VII, and the Vikings surprised everyone by narrowly missing out on a playoff place, and finishing 7th. The following season saw them consolidate with a 9th place finish, and in 2004 they avoided relegation by the skin of their teeth, with Castleford's defeat to Wakefield Trinity on the final day of the season saving Widnes' fate. Frank Endacott arrived at Widnes as coach in 2005, but could not improve on the previous seasons, and with 2 teams being relegated in 2005 due to the inclusion of Catalans Dragons to Superleague from 2006, Widnes were eventually relegated back down to the second tier of the English game (LHF National League 1). Following relegation, Widnes parted company with coach Frank Endacott and the majority of their under-achieving Super League squad. New coach Steve McCormack, who led Whitehaven to two consecutive NL1 Grand Finals, rebuilt the squad which notably included Australian full back David Peachey, who kept his word to join the club, despite its relegation. Stephen Vaughan completing a take-over of Widnes in 2006. Peachey was sacked just a few months into the season by Stephen Vaughan in order to create funds and to make room under the salary cap for players such as Dennis Moran. On the field Widnes had made the LHF National League Grand Final, but were beaten by Hull KR at Warrington's Halliwell Jones Stadium. Stephen Vaughan eventually quit as chairman of Widnes and stepped down from the club's board of directors on the eve of their opening league game of the 2007 Co-operative National League season, which was broadcast live on Sky Sports. and placed the club into the media spotlight for sometime. Despite this, the club then went on to win the 2007 Northern Rail Cup with a 54–6 victory over Whitehaven in the final in Blackpool's Bloomfield Road stadium on 15 July 2007 in front of a crowd of 8,326. Widnes improved further and reached the National League Grand Final, as they had done the year before. However, due to financial implications not known to the public at the time, they were beaten in the final by Castleford at Headingley. In the days that followed, Widnes had no option but to place themselves into voluntary administration. It was announced on 2 November 2007 that Widnes RLFC would come out of administration under a new owner by the name of Stephen O'Connor. He was a local business man, well known in the town for his haulage firm 'The O'Connor Group', which had just been bought by the Stobart Group. With the re-appointment of Steve McCormack as Head Coach, Widnes were re-admitted into National League 1, and the club managed to scrape together a squad for the start of the season. The RFL then placed a nine-point deduction on the club for going into administration in the off season, but this was successfully neutralised through winning their first three games. Off the field, Widnes had the opportunity to apply for a Super League 2009 License, along with 18 other clubs. Following an application process in March 2008, on the 22 July 2008 at 10 am, the RFL announced live on Skysports the 14 successful clubs who were to play in Superleague for the period 2009-11. Widnes were not granted a licence by the RFL on the basis that they had been placed into administration, or liquidation as Richard Lewis (chief executive of the RFL) incorrectly stated. However, despite the setback the club continued to rebuild, led by new chairman Steve O'Connor. To prove his dedication to the club's future, he made an inspirational speech at the following home game with the local MP, when Widnes were host to Dewsbury. The climax of the 2008 season saw Widnes reach the National League Playoffs by finishing in 6th place. A 32-16 defeat to third-placed Halifax however brought the nostalgic 2008 campaign to an end. Preparations for the 2009 season began early with the club securing one of the league's biggest signings in James Webster from Hull. By February however, Widnes declared that they had parted company with Steve McCormack, through 'mutual consent'. The news came three days after Widnes were controversially beaten 22–20 at home to Co-Operative Championship 1 side Oldham in the Northern Rail Cup Group Stage. Assistant John Stankevitch took over from McCormack on a caretaker basis after his departure, leading the side through the remaining group stage games and into the final 16. By March 2009 former Warrington, Whitehaven and England Coach Paul Cullen was unveiled as McCormack's successor, having been selected from 17 strong candidates and a shortlist of three that were interviewed by the Chairman. Speaking from the heart Cullen said on his appointment ""I'm really excited to be joining Widnes. The plan is simple, we need to get Widnes into Super League where we belong"". Cullen first aided Stankevitch in his final game as caretaker coach, beating French side Toulouse 70–0 in the first game of the Co-operative Championship season live on Sky Sports. The team was re-organised by Cullen, with a number of senior players being released and replaced by the loan signings of Kevin Penny and Steve Pickersgill from local rivals Warrington Wolves, and Craig Hall from Hull. Also, assistant coach John Stankevitch was replaced by former Widnes and Wigan forward Mick Cassidy. Following a semi-final victory against in-form Halifax, which included the infamous 'Ben Black Knock on' to win the game, Widnes lifted the Northern Rail Cup for a second time with a 34–18 win against Barrow. Victory over Barrow in front of a crowd of 8,720 at Blackpool's Bloomfield Road meant that Widnes had now ""ticked the box"" and were now eligible to submit an application for a three-year Super League licence in 2011. For the 2010 season Cullen utilised the new 'dual registration' option to initially bring both Liam Farrell and Shaun Ainscough from Wigan to the club. An injury crisis in the opening weeks of the season, which saw a large proportion of the first team sidelined, limited Widnes' progress. Even Widnes' star scrum half James Webster left the club to take up a coaching job at Hull. As the season progressed, Widnes were able to recover and reached the Northern Rail Cup Final for the third time in four years. A last-minute try prevented Widnes from retaining the trophy, as they were beaten 25-24 by the Batley Bulldogs at Blackpool's Bloomfield Road. Despite this, Widnes again reached the 2010 Co-operative Championship playoffs but failed to advance past the opening round as they were humiliated in a 38-0 defeat to Barrow at Craven Park. Following 3 years of re-building and precise business acumen from Chairman Steve O'Connor, on March 31, 2011 Widnes were granted a licence for entry into Super League (Seasons 2012–14). The decision was broadcast live on skysports news at 11am, with the stadium sports bar and function rooms packed full with Widnes fans celebrating until the early hours. By July 2011 the preparations for Superleague were well underway with the re-appointment of Denis Betts as coach and a flourish of new onfield signings were announced. The pioneering 'Viking Stronghold' initiative moved from strength to strength, as fans were urged to pay a monthly subscription to watch Widnes, ensuring the club received funds all year round. It offered exclusive discounts, electronic team news and lineups, and even an exclusive rugby shirt and match ball to its members. By August, the club announced it would install a third generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known) during the off season, to improve overall match performance and maximise the use of the clubs facilities. Widnes' tenancy in the Co-operative Championship culminated in September 2011 with a fifth place league finish, and a first round playoff defeat of 36-20 by Sheffield Eagles at Bramall Lane. February 2012 saw Widnes' re-emergence into the top tier of rugby league, and the club endured five consecutive defeats before upsetting local rivals Wigan Warriors 37-36 in one of the defining games of the season. Impressive home victories against London Broncos, Huddersfield Giants, Castleford Tigers and Hull FC followed, whilst also just coming short in exciting encounters against St Helens and Hull KR respectively. Away from the Stobart Stadium Widnes also claimed a single away victory over Salford City Reds. The mid-season signing of Kevin Brown from Huddersfield Giants with a transfer fee in June for the 2013 season showed signs of real ambition for the club, but despite proving critics wrong by notching up an impressive 12 points in their first season back, the very poor start to the season proved crucial as Widnes finished at the bottom of the 2012 Superleague table on points difference alone. The 2013 season saw a marked improvement on the field by Widnes, with the team finishing 10th in the Super League table, earning a total of 22 league points (10 more than the previous season) and also saw them reach the Challenge Cup Quarter-finals. The highlights of the season included the season long loan signing of England International Gareth Hock from Wigan Warriors and impressive home & away victories in the local derby against Warrington Wolves, winning 38-22 at home over the Easter weekend and then winning the return fixture at Halliwell Jones Stadium 6-16 in August. Widnes Rugby League Football Club had a number of grounds before settling at Lowerhouse Lane in 1895. The death of the club's secretary, Tom Naughton in 1932, led to the ground being renamed Naughton Park as a gesture of the team's appreciation. Naughton Park became one of the best known Rugby League grounds in the country due to the success of the 'Chemics'. It was agreed that Halton Council in partnership with the Widnes would build a new stadium on the existing site, which would provide a multi-purpose complex including a social club, conference facilities, recreational facilities and catering/function facilities and would be the new home venue for Widnes RLFC. The stadium was officially opened on 2 November 1997 following the completion of phase 1 of a multi-million pound redevelopment of the old Naughton Park site. On 29 January 1999 Halton Borough Council took over responsibility for the entire stadium, both financially and managerially. This was necessary as the joint venture companies arrangements were not performing as expected. The stadium reached completion with the opening of the East Stand in September 2005 and is an all-seater stadium which has a capacity of 13,500. It has also had the honour to have staged national finals and international fixtures. Following Widnes' purchase by local business man Steve O'Connor, The Halton Stadium was renamed to the 'Stobart Stadium Halton' at a Fans Forum on 6 December 2007. By February 2008 the stadium was given a 'facelift' in preparation for the Superleague Licenses, with the North Stand seats arranged to spell out ""VIKINGS"", West Stand seats to advertise main sponsors STOBART and East Stand to advertise local authority Halton Borough Council as part of the stadium sponsorship deal. The South Stand seats were left out until a sponsorship arrangement could be arranged. In August 2011, the stadium turf was removed and replaced with a third generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known), in order to improve overall match performance and maximize the use of the clubs facilities. With Stobart electing not to renew sponsorship of the stadium during the 2013 season, a new sponsor was revealed and the stadium was renamed The Select Security Stadium. The West Stand seats therefore were re-arranged in order to advertise the stadiums new main sponsor - Select Security. * Announced on 6 December 2013: Head coach Assistant coach Updated: 6 December 2013Source(s): 2014 Squad Numbers Gains Losses Ben Kavanagh (Provisional 2013 World Cup squad) The Widnes Hall of Fame was instituted in 1992 with thirteen members. Any former Widnes player who was retired from playing was eligible. The thirteen players who make up the current Hall of Fame are: There have been occasional suggestions that the Hall of Fame might be expanded but so far the club has not taken this step. Some years ago the club organised a poll, via the local press, with a view to adding three more players but the response from the public was very poor and the highest polling players (Anthony ""Tony"" Myler, Kurt Sorensen and Stuart Wright) were not formally inducted. In more recent times, calls to make Gavin Dodd an honorary inductee to the Hall of Fame have been muted. World Club Challenge,  Widnes Vikings  2015-12-06T16:51:27Z  Widnes Vikings is an English professional rugby league club based in Widnes, Cheshire which currently plays in the Super League, the top tier of European rugby league. Prior to the 1997 season the club was known simply as Widnes. The club plays its home matches at the Select Security Stadium. Widnes was one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league teams. The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 80s and early 90s, and were described as ""Cup Kings"" reaching the Challenge Cup final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Championship, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30-18 at Old Trafford. Their traditional nickname is ""The Chemics"" after the main industry in Widnes, but the club also use their more modern nickname, ""The Vikings"". They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves. The Farnworth & Appleton Cricket Club was formed in 1871 and four years later the members decided to embrace the burgeoning football code. At their fourth annual evening party in the Drill Hall, Widnes, in November 1875, club Chairman Henry Lea ""gave a short account of the club since it commenced about four years ago, and indicated that they had now started a football club in connexion (sic) with it, and hoped all would join"". The first known game for the new Farnworth and Appleton FC was in Widnes in January 1876 played under rugby rules against Northwich Victoria. A few weeks later a return match was played at Drill Field, Northwich under soccer rules. Vics won both games. These are the only two known fixtures in that truncated first season. By May 1876 the club had changed its name to Widnes FC and the cricket side of the organisation had disbanded, presumably to concentrate on football activities. By the late 1870s the club was being referred to as ""The Chemicals""—subsequently shortened to 'The Chemics'. The first ground was on Albert Road behind what is now the Premier Wetherspoon's pub and a short spell followed in the Simms Cross area. From around 1878–84 the club were based at the junction of Millfield/Peelhouse Lane, apart from season 1880–81 when they played on the Widnes Cricket Club ground at Lowerhouse Lane. From 1884–95 they rented a field at Lowerhouse Lane before moving to their third separate site on that road in October 1895. The first ever game at what later became Naughton Park was against Liversedge on Saturday 12 October 1895. In 1895, Widnes were founder members of the Northern Union which broke away from the Rugby Football Union. Their first game was an away fixture against Runcorn which they lost 15–4. During the early years, the club often had to sell players to balance the books. The strength of junior rugby league in the area meant the club had a steady stream of new players to offset any losses. In 1902, the Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues were combined to form a second division, Widnes was added to the first division. In 1914, Arthur 'Chick' Johnson was capped for the Lions (captained by Harold Wagstaff) in the famous Rorke's Drift test, a match in which they overcame all the odds, and injuries to beat Australia with a depleted side of 10 against 13. He scored an extraordinary try to win the game, dribbling the ball from inside his own half. Widnes closed for the 1915-16 season but recommenced playing in 1916 following the introduction of conscription which meant that would not be accused of keeping men from volunteering for the First World War. Thirteen Widnes players were killed during the conflict. The club's first ever success came when they won the Lancashire League trophy in the 1919–20 season. However, the 1920s saw the club almost go to the wall. Local rivals Warrington donated their share of the traditional Easter and Christmas derby matches to keep Widnes afloat in 1927–28. In 1930, Widnes with 12 local-born players defied the odds to beat St Helens 10–3 to bring home the Challenge Cup. The Kingsway housing scheme threatened the loss of Widnes' ground. After several years of fundraising during the Great Depression of the 1930s, £3,250 was raised to save the ground. This came with a stipulation that the ground could be sold only to the local council at the original price. The newly named Naughton Park was opened in 1932. A major boost for the club was Widnes' first ever trip to the Challenge Cup final, staged at Wembley. Their opponents were St. Helens, Saints scored after 6 minutes to take a 3–0 lead, but Widnes hit back with a penalty try, a further try and a penalty to take a 10–3 half-time lead. A scoreless second half meant Widnes had won the cup. Widnes became the first club to make two trips to Wembley, with a loss to Hunslet in the 1934 cup final. In 1935–36, the team came close to being rugby league champions. Having finished third in the table, Widnes beat Liverpool 10–9 but lost to Hull, in the championship final. A third trip to Wembley came in 1937, with an 18–5 win over Keighley. The final was dubbed ""McCue's Match"" as the halfback played an important part in the win. Widnes dropped out of the wartime Lancashire league in 1940–41 and did not return to league competition until 1945–46. Tommy McCue led the club to its first ever Lancashire Cup win, with a 7–3 victory against Wigan in 1945. Back at Wembley in 1950, the team was beaten 19–0 by Warrington. During this period, the club reverted to selling its players to richer teams. Local man Vince Karalius joined Widnes from St. Helens in 1962 and was appointed club captain. In his first season, Widnes finished third in the Championship, which equalled the club's best league placing. In 1962, the league was split into East and West of the Pennines; Widnes and Workington Town met at Central Park, Wigan, in the first final of the Western Division Championship on Saturday 10 November 1962. With two minutes remaining, Lowdon dropped a goal to earn Workington a 9–9 draw. Later in the month Workington Town won the replay 10–0. The following season saw him lead his team to Wembley, where Widnes were Rugby League Challenge Cup winners after they defeated Hull Kingston Rovers 13–5. No team had ever played more games in reaching Wembley than Widnes in 1964. In the first round, two replays were necessary before beating Leigh. Liverpool City were beaten in the second round, then Widnes played Swinton in front of 19,000 at Naughton Park. A 5–5 draw meant another replay, which was a scoreless draw at Station Road. A second replay at Wigan was watched by 21,369 with Widnes winning 15–3. The semi-final against Castleford was drawn 7–7. A crowd of 28,732 spectators watched the replay, which Widnes won. A Wembley crowd of 84,488 saw Widnes win the Challenge Cup for the third time with a 13–5 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers. This was the Chemics first trophy success in eighteen years. The 1970s saw the first really outstanding Widnes team. A host of young local players developed into the ""Cup Kings"", a golden age for the club. The first cup-final was a loss in the 1971–72 Lancashire Cup. Six years after he retired from playing Vince Karalius returned to Widnes as coach; appointed in January 1972. The following two seasons, Widnes reached the finals of the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy. The first success came in the 1975 Lancashire Cup which Widnes won by beating Salford that season. They also won the 1975 Challenge Cup final 14–7 versus Warrington at Wembley. This was the first time in their history that Widnes had won two trophies in the same season. At his zenith, Karalius, stepped down once from his role as coach. He was replaced in May 1975 by Frank Myler. Widnes visited Wembley in the following two seasons, losing to St. Helens and then Leeds. However, this was made up for by victories in the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy. The season after this (1977–78) saw their first league championship. The team went through the season unbeaten at home in the league. There were also trips to the John Player and Premiership finals. Keith Elwell began his run of 242 consecutive appearances at Wembley in the 1976–77 Challenge Cup Final, including two as a substitute. He finished his run at Hull on 26 September 1982. This record for consecutive appearances for one club stands to this day. Doug Laughton took over the job of team coach when Frank Myler retired from the position in 1978. The 1978–79 season saw no less than four cups come to Widnes—the BBC2 floodlit trophy, Lancashire Cup, Premiership and a win at Wembley over Wakefield Trinity in front of a crowd of 93,218. Widnes also defeated the Ashes-winning 1978 Kangaroo tourists. The 1979–80 season saw Widnes beat Bradford Northern in the Premiership final, but come second to them in the league and John Player Trophy. The Lancashire Cup was won for the fifth time in the 1970s. The 1980s started with a Wembley win over Hull Kingston Rovers in 1980–81. The season after this, Widnes again returned to Wembley, to face Hull. Widnes led 14–6 with less than 20 minutes to go, but the game finished 14–14 and Hull won the replay 18–9 at Elland Road, Leeds. Widnes kept their record of winning a cup every season by defeating Hull 23–8 in the Premiership final. The next season saw Hull again beaten by Widnes in the Premiership final. Vince Karalius returned to the club in March 1983 as co-coach with Harry Dawson. Dawson quit as coach in March 1984 with Karalius continuing as team manager. Karalius led a strong Widnes side to the finals of the Lancashire Cup and John Player Trophy and another Wembley victory appearance 19–6 against Wigan. Doug Laughton returned to the club in January 1986 and began a series of signings of players from other league clubs and from rugby union. One such player was Martin Offiah, who in 1987–88 scored a club record 42 tries. The team went on to win the championship that season, clinching it with a 50-point win away over Hunslet. Widnes then beat St. Helens in the Premiership Final at Old Trafford, Manchester a game in which Alan Tait made his début. The 1988–89 season saw the club sign rugby union star Jonathan Davies from Llanelli for £225,000. Wigan were beaten in the Charity Shield but had their revenge in the Regal Trophy Final. The Championship came down to the last game of the season, a capacity crowd at Naughton Park saw Widnes beat Wigan 32–18 to win the title for the second year running. The Premiership was won again, with over 40,000 at Old Trafford to see Widnes beat Hull 18–10. The 1989–90 season saw Widnes play at Anfield, Liverpool beating Wigan 27–22. A trip to France to play Le Pontet saw Widnes chosen as the Northern Hemisphere representatives to meet Australia's Grand Final winners. Canberra took a 12–0 lead but were then swept aside as Widnes stormed home 30–18 to become the first official World Club Champions. However, financial problems riddled the club in the early 1990s. To balance the books, over 25 first team players were sold to other teams. This resulted in the club sinking to 12th in the division one table, avoiding relegation. Myler became coach of Widnes in May 1994. In August 1995 the club decided to bring back Doug Laughton for a third stint as team manager which resulted in Myler's sacking as coach. In 1996, the first tier of British rugby league clubs played the inaugural Super League season and changed from a winter to a summer season. When the RFL announced that a new 12-team Super League was to be formed a chaotic period ensued in which the club was out, then in, then out, then in merged with local rivals Warrington and then finally out again as they finished below the cut-off point of 10th in the existing top flight. The club adopted the name Widnes Vikings on 27 November 1996; the club had intended to adopt the moniker 'Warriors' by were asked to reconsider the RFL as Whitehaven were planning to adopt this moniker. Further player and coaching departures ensued and the club struggled in the new first division, the club's first ever finish in the relegation zone followed. They spent the next 5 years in the Northern Ford Premiership. Graeme West took over as coach after Doug Laughton's third stint, his reign lasted from May 1997 until August 1998. During this time, the playing arena was rebuilt and the old stands, terraces and facilities were demolished to be replaced with a state-of-the-art all-seater stadium and was also renamed from Naughton Park to the Halton Community Stadium. West was replaced as coach by Colin Whitfield. In 1999 Widnes narrowly missed out on a place in the Northern Ford Premiership Grand Final. The 2000 season was one of transition with head coach Colin Whitfield being sacked and replaced by David Hulme. A record attendance for the newly rebuilt stadium was set at 6,644 for a Northern Ford Premiership game against Leigh on Boxing Day 2000. Widnes finished off a poor season in 8th place in the NFP. Under new coach Neil Kelly, Widnes won promotion to Super League in 2001 after beating Oldham 24–12 in the Northern Ford Premiership Grand Final. Their début season in Super League was in 2002, and the Vikings surprised everyone by narrowly missing out on a play-off place, and finishing 7th. The following season saw them consolidate with a 9th place finish, and in 2004 they avoided relegation on the final day of the season, with Castleford's defeat to Wakefield Trinity saving Widnes' fate. Stuart Spruce was caretaker manager. Frank Endacott arrived at Widnes as coach in 2005, but could not improve on the previous seasons. With 2 teams being relegated in 2005, due to the inclusion of Catalans Dragons in Superleague from 2006, Widnes were relegated back down to the second tier of the English game (LHF National League 1). Widnes parted company with coach Frank Endacott, and new coach Steve McCormack rebuilt the squad, which notably included Australian full back David Peachey, who kept his word to join the club, despite its relegation. Stephen Vaughan completed a take-over of Widnes in 2006 and the club made it to the LHF National League Grand Final, but were beaten 29-16 by Hull KR at Warrington's Halliwell Jones Stadium. Stephen Vaughan quit as chairman of Widnes at the start of 2007 and stepped down from the club's board of directors, placing the clubs season into a 'boom or bust' scenario. Widnes won the 2007 Northern Rail Cup Final with a 54–6 victory over Whitehaven at Bloomfield Road stadium and went on to reach the National League Grand Final at the end of the season. They were beaten 42-10 by Castleford at Headingley and in the days that followed, Widnes had no option but to place themselves into voluntary administration. On 2 November 2007, Widnes were purchased by Steve O'Connor, a local business man who had just sold his haulage firm to the Stobart Group. Steve McCormack was re-appointed as Head Coach, and the club were re-admitted into National League 1. A nine-point deduction for going into administration was successfully neutralised through winning their first three games, and Widnes qualified for the National League One Playoffs by finishing in 6th place. A 32-16 defeat to third-placed Halifax however brought the nostalgic 2008 campaign to an end. Off the field, Widnes had applied for a Super League license for the 2009 season along with 18 other clubs. However, the club was not granted a license to play in Super League, with the financial history of the club coming under close scrutiny. In 2009 Widnes parted company with Steve McCormack and for a period John Stankevitch became caretaker manager. Paul Cullen was unveiled as McCormack's eventual successor and managed the club to victory in the seasons Northern Rail Cup Final, beating a strong Barrow Raiders side 34-18. In the following season, Widnes again reached the Northern Rail Cup Final but were beaten 25-24 by Batley Bulldogs. The club also reached the 2010 Co-operative Championship playoffs but were knocked out in the opening round by Barrow Raiders In 2011 Widnes were granted a Super League license for the 2012-14 seasons and Denis Betts was confirmed as the man who would coach the club. A flourish of new signings were announced and the pioneering 'Viking Stronghold' initiative moved from strength to strength. Widnes also installed a fourth generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known) during the off season, making them the first team in modern day rugby league to not play on a traditional grass pitch. Widnes' tenancy in the Co-operative Championship culminated in September 2011 with a fifth place league finish, and a first round playoff defeat of 36-20 by Sheffield Eagles at Bramall Lane. February 2012 saw Widnes' re-emergence into the top tier of rugby league, and they claimed their first two points against Wigan Warriors in a 37-36 win. The club managed to prove a number of critics wrong by gaining 12 points in total by the end of their first season back, but this was not enough to prevent the club from finishing at the bottom of the Super League table. The 2013 season saw a marked improvement on the field by Widnes, with the team finishing 10th in the Super League table and earning a total of 22 league points. The 2014 season proved to be the most successful season of the franchise, with the club finishing 8th in the Super League table on 27 points and subsequently qualifying for the end of season play-offs for the first time in their history. A 22-19 away defeat to the Warrington Wolves brought the curtain down on a season that can only be seen as a success for the Vikings, with a Challenge Cup Semi-Final appearance against the Castleford being the key highlight. However, it was also during the 2014 season that the club received the sad news that ""legendary supporter"" Pat Price had died and condolences for 'the first lady of Rugby League' were received from clubs and supporters throughout the sport. The club has formed a partnership with Halton Clinical Commissioning Group. Its first achievement was to win the title of ‘Most people exercising to a fitness video’, with 3277 participants in February 2015. Widnes Rugby League Football Club had a number of grounds before settling at Lowerhouse Lane in 1895. The death of the club's secretary, Tom Naughton in 1932, led to the ground on Lowerhouse Lane being renamed Naughton Park as a gesture of the team's appreciation. Naughton Park became one of the best known Rugby League grounds in the country due to the success of the 'Chemics' in the 1970s and '80s. In the 1990s Halton Council in partnership with the Widnes agreed to build a new stadium on the existing site, which would provide a multi-purpose complex including a social club, conference facilities, recreational facilities and catering/function facilities and would be the new home venue for Widnes RLFC. The new stadium was officially opened on 2 November 1997 following the completion of phase 1 of a multimillion-pound redevelopment and was renamed the Halton Community Stadium. On 29 January 1999 Halton Borough Council took over responsibility for the entire stadium, both financially and managerially. This was necessary as the joint venture companies arrangements were not performing as expected. The stadium reached completion with the opening of the East Stand in September 2005 and is an all-seater stadium which has a capacity of 13,500. It has also had the honour to have staged national finals and international fixtures. The stadium's name has changed a number of times due to sponsorship purposes, with the latest name being the Select Security Stadium. However a number of fans still refer to the ground as either Naughton Park or the Halton Stadium, due to the legacy that the names hold. In August 2011, the stadium turf was removed and replaced with a third generation artificial pitch (or ipitch as it became known), in order to improve overall match performance and maximize the use of the club's facilities. Head coach Assistant coaches Updated: 30 October 2015Source(s): 2016 Squad Numbers Gains Losses The Widnes Hall of Fame was instituted in 1992 with thirteen members. Any former Widnes player who was retired from playing was eligible. The thirteen players who make up the current Hall of Fame are: There have been occasional suggestions that the Hall of Fame might be expanded but so far the club has not taken this step. Some years ago the club organised a poll, via the local press, with a view to adding three more players but the response from the public was very poor and the highest polling players (Anthony ""Tony"" Myler, Kurt Sorensen and Stuart Wright) were not formally inducted. In more recent times, calls to make Gavin Dodd an honorary inductee to the Hall of Fame have been muted.",1
Bernard Curry,"Bernard Curry  2012-02-07T20:02:13Z  Bernard Curry (born 27 March 1974) is a Sydney-based Australian actor, best known for his role in soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away. Curry first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handley and remained in the popular television series for just over one year and later returned to the show in a video cameo appearance in 2005 for the programme's 20th Anniversary. Bernard was a co-writer and actor of the ABC sketch comedy series Flipside. In 2002, Curry starred in the American tele-movie, Junction Boys with Tom Berenger. Curry has appeared in the award winning tele-movie The King and as a leading man in the feature film Puppy. He was also the host of the short-lived comedy Monster House on the Nine Network. In 2008 Curry appeared in the BBC-commissioned soap opera Out of the Blue, playing the character of Nate Perrett. In late 2008, Curry had the small role of Vishnu on Packed to the Rafters, on the Seven Network. In 2009 he joined soap opera Home and Away, portraying Hugo Austin. Curry left Home and away alongside Jodi Gordon in 2010. Curry hosted the first season of Beauty and the Geek Australia in 2009 and is now hosting the third season. He is a brother to Stephen Curry and Andrew Curry. All three siblings have appeared in Neighbours at various times. Curry and his partner Sonya had their first child, a boy called Fox Curry, in May 2010.,  Bernard Curry  2013-12-18T15:34:55Z  Bernard Curry (born 27 March 1974) is a Sydney-based Australian actor, best known for his role in soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away. Curry first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handley and remained in the popular television series for just over one year and later returned to the show in a video cameo appearance in 2005 for the programme's 20th Anniversary. Bernard was a co-writer and actor of the ABC sketch comedy series Flipside. In 2002, Curry starred in the American tele-movie, Junction Boys with Tom Berenger. Curry has appeared in the award winning tele-movie The King and as a leading man in the feature film Puppy. He was also the host of the short-lived comedy Monster House on the Nine Network. In 2008 Curry appeared in the BBC-commissioned soap opera Out of the Blue, playing the character of Nate Perrett. In late 2008, Curry had the small role of Vishnu on Packed to the Rafters, on the Seven Network. In 2009 he joined soap opera Home and Away, portraying Hugo Austin. Curry left Home and away alongside Jodi Gordon in 2010. Curry hosted the first four seasons of Beauty and the Geek Australia from 2009 to 2012 which is now hosted by James Tobin (presenter).",1
Jason Aldean discography,"Jason Aldean discography  2011-01-04T04:31:57Z  Jason Aldean is an American country music artist. His discography comprises four studio albums (Jason Aldean, Relentless, Wide Open, and My Kinda Party), and eleven singles. Among these singles are four Number Ones on the Hot Country Songs charts: ""Why"", ""She's Country,"" ""Big Green Tractor,"" and ""The Truth."" His first and third albums are both certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and Relentless is certified gold by the same. ,  Jason Aldean discography  2012-12-29T11:29:26Z  Jason Aldean is an American country music artist. His discography comprises five studio albums (Jason Aldean, Relentless, Wide Open, My Kinda Party and Night Train) and seventeen singles. Among these singles are eight Number Ones on the Hot Country Songs charts: ""Why"", ""She's Country"", ""Big Green Tractor"", ""The Truth"", ""Don't You Wanna Stay"", ""Dirt Road Anthem"", ""Fly Over States"" and ""Take a Little Ride"". His first, second, third and fifth albums are all certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and his fourth album, My Kinda Party, is certified double platinum. My Kinda Party produced his highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100. The song ""Dirt Road Anthem"" reached number seven on the chart, and featured a studio remix with rapper Ludacris. My Kinda Party is also his first album to be certified in Canada. His fifth album, Night Train, produced his highest charting single on the Canadian Hot 100 in ""Take a Little Ride."" The album was also his first Number One on the Billboard 200 and Canadian Albums Chart.",1
Meistriliiga,"Meistriliiga  2005-03-01T22:00:25Z  The Meistriliiga is the name given to the top league of Estonian football. The league currently consists of eight teams and feeds down into the Esiliiga. ,  Meistriliiga  2006-12-13T10:23:52Z  Meistriliiga is the top division of the Estonian Football Association. As in most countries with low temperatures in winter time, the season starts around March and ends in late November. The championships top division consists of ten clubs, all teams play eachother four times. After each season the bottom team is relegated, with the winner of Esiliiga being promoted (unless it is a reserve team for a Meistriliiga team, in which case the next team receives automatic promotion) and the 2nd last team from Meistriliiga and the 2nd team from Esiliiga playing a two-legged playoff to get into/stay in the Meistriliiga. The team that finishes as champions of the Meistriliiga qualifies for the 1st Qualifying Round of the UEFA Champions League, the 2nd team will play in the 1st Qualifying Round of the UEFA Cup along with the winner of the Estonian Cup. Depending on the cup winner, a fourth team will enter the 1st round of the Inter-Toto Cup. FC Levadia won the latest championship that ended in November 2006. They will enter the 2007/08 UEFA Champions League 1st Qualifying Round. Narva Trans finished in their best ever silver-medal position, while FC Flora also gained a place compared to last season on 2005 champions FC TVMK's disappointing year. The latter will enter the Inter-Toto Cup and the other two above mentioned teams enter the UEFA Cup qualifying rounds in the summer of 2007. The bottom of the table provided some intrigue aswell. The two Tartu teams ended mid-table, with Tammeka's youthful-looking squad impressing under experienced coach and ex-international Sergei Ratnikov, in his first year as the head coach. Pärnu Vaprus was perhaps the surprise package of the season finishing seventh on their debut year in the Meistriliiga and bringing Pärnu back on to the Estonian football map. Mainly Russian-speaking Tallinn team, Ajax Lasnamäe, proved a point by staying up against all predictions. Viljandi Tulevik had a dreaful year and had to go into the play-offs against Esiliiga's Tallinna Kalev and lost, which should've meant their relegation a step down. But after the merging of the Tartu clubs, JK Maag and Tammeka, they will still be in the Meistriliiga in 2007. The team with the youngest average aged squad in the league, Warrior Valga, were relegated without a meaningful fight. The leagues top scorers were two Narva Trans strikers Maksim Gruznov (with 31 goals) and Dmitri Lipartov (27 goals). FC Flora's Vjatšeslav Zahovaiko scored 25, FC Levadia's Indrek Zelinski 21 goals. Esiliiga was won by FC Levadia reserves, which shows their domination of Estonian club football in 2006. They cannot be promoted though, which means FC Kuressaare received automatic promotion, Tallinna Kalev also joins the top-tier after winning the play-offs. FC TVMK's first title-winning campaign came in some style with strikers Tarmo Neemelo and Ingemar Teever scoring most of the goals and veteran midfielder Andrei Borissov leading the team from midfield. Narva Trans finished in bronze-medal position after years of being fourth in the final table, while FC Flora have been busy rebuilding their squad and therefore not too upset by a disappointing fourth position finish. FC Kuressaare went out of the league via play-offs and Dünamo's defensive displays were awful and the team never seemed to have any kind of chance in staying up. Tarmo Neemelo in the end scored 41 goals for the champions, and earned a move to top Swedish club Helsingborgs IF, Maksim Gruznov of Narva Trans scored 26 goals, Slava Zahovaiko of FC Flora and Ingemar Teever for the champions scored 19 goals each. The latter secured a free transfer to Swedish outfit Östers IF. In 2006, Pärnu Vaprus would join the elite of Estonian club football along with Ajax Lasnamäe. start  end",1
Bernard Curry,"Bernard Curry  2011-02-02T04:02:55Z  Bernard Curry (born 27 March 1974) is a Sydney-based Australian actor, best known for his role in soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away. Curry first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handley and remained in the popular television series for just over one year and later returned to the show in a video cameo appearance in 2005 for the programme's 20th Anniversary. Bernard was a co-writer and actor of the ABC sketch comedy series Flipside. In 2002, Curry starred in the American tele-movie, Junction Boys with Tom Berenger. Curry has appeared in the award winning tele-movie The King and as a leading man in the feature film Puppy. He was also the host of the short-lived comedy Monster House on the Nine Network. In 2008 Curry appeared in the BBC-commissioned soap opera Out of the Blue, playing the character of Nate Perrett. In late 2008, Curry had the small role of Vishnu on Packed to the Rafters, on the Seven Network. In 2009 he joined soap opera Home and Away, portraying Hugo Austin. Curry left Home and away alongside Jodi Gordon in 2010. Curry hosted the first season of Beauty and the Geek Australia in 2009 and has signed on to host the second season. He is a brother to Stephen Curry and Andrew Curry. All three siblings have appeared in Neighbours at various times. Curry and his partner Sonya had their first child, a boy called Fox Curry, in May 2010.,  Bernard Curry  2012-11-15T15:25:11Z  Bernard Curry (born 27 March 1974) is a Sydney-based Australian actor, best known for his role in soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away. Curry first appeared in Neighbours in 1995 as Luke Handley and remained in the popular television series for just over one year and later returned to the show in a video cameo appearance in 2005 for the programme's 20th Anniversary. Bernard was a co-writer and actor of the ABC sketch comedy series Flipside. In 2002, Curry starred in the American tele-movie, Junction Boys with Tom Berenger. Curry has appeared in the award winning tele-movie The King and as a leading man in the feature film Puppy. He was also the host of the short-lived comedy Monster House on the Nine Network. In 2008 Curry appeared in the BBC-commissioned soap opera Out of the Blue, playing the character of Nate Perrett. In late 2008, Curry had the small role of Vishnu on Packed to the Rafters, on the Seven Network. In 2009 he joined soap opera Home and Away, portraying Hugo Austin. Curry left Home and away alongside Jodi Gordon in 2010. Curry hosted the first season of Beauty and the Geek Australia in 2009 and is now hosting the fourth season.",1
Valerie Mahaffey,"Valerie Mahaffey  2006-02-28T21:00:12Z  Valerie Mahaffy is an United States actress, working mainly in television. She won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Drama Series in 1992 for playing Eve on the series Northern Exposure. ,  Valerie Mahaffey  2007-12-31T12:07:56Z  Valerie Mahaffey, (born on June 16, 1953 in Sumatra, Indonesia, but raised in Austin, Texas, United States) is an Emmy Award winning American actress. She won her Emmy for her work on Northern Exposure. She later won fame through her portrayal of extroverted and friendly but ultimately insane women on the television shows Wings and Desperate Housewives. Valerie Mahaffey has also starred in films including Jungle 2 Jungle. She had a role in a 1991 episode of Seinfeld entitled “The Truth”, where she played George Costanza’s girlfriend. She played the role of the psychotic Sandy Cooper in three episodes of the 1990s’ sitcom Wings. Sandy Cooper was a friend of Joe, Brian, and Helen from high school. She had an insane obsessive crush on Joe, but he was unable to convince anyone else of this because she acted completely normal except when she is left alone with Joe. She would appear at different points and carefully plan her “life with Joe” at points when he was alone. Such life points included a reenacted high school prom, wedding, and first baby. She played in Quantum Leap, season 3, episode 5, entitled The Boogieman, October 26, 1990, with Scott Bakula. Mahaffey has won fame in the early 2000s playing the role of Alma Hodge in Desperate Housewives, a psychotic woman who is so desperate to have a baby that she is prepared to rape her ex-husband, Orson Hodge (who has re-married), in order to get pregnant. In 2007, she guest starred on Private Practice, as Marilyn Sullivan, a mother who physically abused her daughter in the episode In Which Charlotte Goes Down the Rabbit Hole. She is married to Joseph Kell, with whom she has one child.",1
Auergesellschaft,"Auergesellschaft  2008-05-16T22:25:23Z   The industrial firm Auergesellschaft was founded in 1892 with headquarters in Berlin. Up to the end of World War II, Auergesellschaft had research activities in the areas of gas mantles, luminescence, rare earths, radioactivity, and uranium and thorium compounds. In 1934, the corporation was acquired by the German corporation Degussa. In 1939, their Oranienburg plant began the development of industrial-scale, high-purity uranium oxide production. Special Russian search teams, at the close of World War II, sent Auergesellschaft equipment, materiel, and staff to the Soviet Union for use in their atomic bomb project. In 1958 Auergesellschaft merged with the Mine Safety Appliances Corporation, a multinational US corporation; Auergesellschaft became a limited corporation in 1960. The Deutsche Gasglühlicht AG (Degea, German Gas Light Company), was founded in 1892 through the combined efforts of the Jewish entrepreneur and banker Geheimrat ( Privy Councillor) Leopold Koppel and the Austrian chemist and inventor Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was the forerunner of Auergesellschaft. Their main research activities, up to the close of World War II, were on gas mantles, luminescence, rare earths, radioactivity, and on uranium and thorium compounds. Geheimrat Koppel, who owned Auergesellschaft, was later intimately involved in the financing of and influencing the direction of scientific entities in Germany. Among them were the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft (Kaiser Wilhelm Society) and its research institutes. The Third Reich forced Koppel to sell Auergesellschaft, and it was purchased in 1934 by the German corporation Degussa, a large chemical company with extensive experience in the production of metals. By 1901, Auergesellschaft had their first subsidiaries in Austria, the United States, and England. In 1906, the OSRAM light bulb was developed; its name was formed from the German words OSmium, for the element osmium, and WolfRAM, for the element tungsten. In 1920, Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske, and Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) combined their electric lamp production with the formation of the company OSRAM. In 1935, Auergesellschaft developed the luminescent light. Their Oranienburg plant, 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Berlin, was constructed in 1926, and their Auer-Glaswerke was constructed in 1938. In 1958 Auergesellschaft merged with Mine Safety Appliances Corporation, a US corporation; Auergesellschaft became a limited corporation in 1960. Nikolaus Riehl received his doctorate in nuclear chemistry from the University of Berlin in 1927, under the guidance of the nuclear physicist Lise Meitner and the nuclear chemist Otto Hahn. He initially took a position with Auergesellschaft, where he became an authority on luminescence. While he completed his Habilitation, he continued his industrial career at Auergesellschaft, as opposed to working in academia. From 1927, he was a staff scientist in the radiology department. From 1937, he was head of the optical engineering department. From 1939 to 1945, he was the director of the scientific headquarters. Auergesellschaft had a substantial amount of “waste” uranium from which it had extracted radium. After reading a paper in 1939 by Siegfried Flügge, on the technical use of nuclear energy from uranium, Riehl recognized a business opportunity for the company, and, in July of that year, he went to the Heereswaffenamt (HWA, Army Ordnance Office) to discuss the production of uranium. The HWA was interested. With the interest of the HWA, Riehl, and his colleague Günter Wirths, set up an industrial-scale production of high-purity uranium oxide at the Auergesellschaft plant in Oranienburg. Adding to the capabilities in the final stages of metallic uranium production were the strength’s of the Degussa corporation’s capabilities in metals production. The Auer Oranienburg plant provided the uranium sheets and cubes for the Uranmaschine (uranium machine, i. e. , nuclear reactor) experiments conducted at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft’s Institut für Physik (KWIP, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics) and the Versuchsstelle (testing station) of the Heereswaffenamt (Army Ordnance Office) in Gottow, under the German nuclear energy project Uranverein. The G-1 experiment performed at the HWA testing station, under the direction of Kurt Diebner, had lattices of 6,800 uranium oxide cubes (about 25 tons), in the nuclear moderator paraffin. Near the close of World War II, as American, British, and Russian military forces were closing in on Berlin, Riehl and some of his staff moved to a village west of Berlin, to try and assure occupation by British or American forces. However, in mid-May 1945, with the assistance of Riehl’s colleague Karl Günter Zimmer, the Russian nuclear physicists Georgy Flerov and Lev Artsimovich showed up one day in NKVD colonel’s uniforms. The use of Russian nuclear physicists in the wake of Soviet troop advances to identify and “requisition” equipment, materiel, intellectual property, and personnel useful to the Russian atomic bomb project is similar to the American Operation Alsos. The military head of Alsos was Lt. Col. Boris Pash, former head of security on the American atomic bomb effort, the Manhattan Project, and its chief scientist was the eminent physicist Samuel Goudsmit. In early 1945, the Soviets initiated an effort similar to Alsos (Russian Alsos). Forty out of less than 100 Russian scientists from the Soviet atomic bomb project’s Laboratory No. 2 went to Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia in support of acquisitions for the project. The two colonels requested that Riehl join them in Berlin for a few days, where he also met with nuclear physicist Yulii Borisovich Khariton, also in the uniform of an NKVD colonel. This sojourn in Berlin turned into 10 years in the Soviet Union! Riehl and his staff, including their families, were flown to Moscow on 9 July 1945. Flying Riehl and his staff to Russia demonstrates the importance the Soviets placed on the production of uranium in their atomic bomb project. Eventually, Riehl’s entire laboratory was dismantled and transported to the Soviet Union. The dismantling of his laboratory began even while Riehl was still being held by the Soviets in Berlin. Work of the American Operation Alsos teams, in November 1944, uncovered leads which took them to a company in Paris that handled rare earths and had been taken over by the Auergesellschaft. This, combined with information gathered in the same month through an Alsos team in Strasbourg, confirmed that the Auergesellschaft Oranienburg plant was involved in the production of uranium and thorium metals. Since the plant was to be in the future Soviet zone of occupation and the Russian troops would get there before the Allies, General Leslie Groves, commander of the Manhattan Project, recommended to General George Marshall that the plant be destroyed by aerial bombardment, in order to deny its uranium production equipment to the Russians. On 15 March 1945, 612 B-17 Flying Fortress bombers of the Eighth Air Force dropped 1,506 tons of high-explosive and 178 tons of incendiary bombs on the plant. Riehl visited the site with the Russians and said that the facility was mostly destroyed. Riehl also recalled long after the war that the Russians knew precisely why the Americans had bombed the facility – the attack had been directed at them rather than the Germans. When a Soviet search team arrived at the Auergesellschaft facility in Oranienburg, they had, however, found nearly 100 tons of fairly pure uranium oxide. The Soviet Union took this uranium as reparations, which amounted to between 25% and 40% of the uranium taken from Germany and Czechoslovakia at the end of the war. Khariton said the uranium found there saved the Soviet Union a year on its atomic bomb project. ,  Auergesellschaft  2010-05-21T18:37:39Z   The industrial firm Auergesellschaft was founded in 1892 with headquarters in Berlin. Up to the end of World War II, Auergesellschaft had research activities in the areas of gas mantles, luminescence, rare earths, radioactivity, and uranium and thorium compounds. In 1934, the corporation was acquired by the German corporation Degussa. In 1939, their Oranienburg plant began the development of industrial-scale, high-purity uranium oxide production. Special Russian search teams, at the close of World War II, sent Auergesellschaft equipment, materiel, and staff to the Soviet Union for use in their atomic bomb project. In 1958 Auergesellschaft merged with the Mine Safety Appliances Corporation, a multinational US corporation; Auergesellschaft became a limited corporation in 1960. The Deutsche Gasglühlicht AG (Degea, German Gas Light Company), was founded in 1892 through the combined efforts of the Jewish entrepreneur and banker Geheimrat (Privy Councillor) Leopold Koppel and the Austrian chemist and inventor Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was the forerunner of Auergesellschaft. Their main research activities, up to the close of World War II, were on gas mantles, Luminescence, rare earths, radioactivity, and on uranium and thorium compounds. Geheimrat Koppel, who owned Auergesellschaft, was later intimately involved in the financing of and influencing the direction of scientific entities in Germany. Among them were the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft (Kaiser Wilhelm Society) and its research institutes. The Third Reich forced Koppel to sell Auergesellschaft, and it was purchased in 1934 by the German corporation Degussa, a large chemical company with extensive experience in the production of metals. By 1901, Auergesellschaft had their first subsidiaries in Austria, the United States, and England. In 1906, the OSRAM light bulb was developed; its name was formed from the German words OSmium, for the element osmium, and WolfRAM, for the element tungsten. In 1920, Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske, and Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) combined their electric lamp production with the formation of the company OSRAM. In 1935, Auergesellschaft developed the luminescent light. Their Oranienburg plant, 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Berlin, was constructed in 1926, and their Auer-Glaswerke was constructed in 1938. In 1958 Auergesellschaft merged with Mine Safety Appliances Corporation, a US corporation; Auergesellschaft became a limited corporation in 1960. Nikolaus Riehl received his doctorate in nuclear chemistry from the University of Berlin in 1927, under the guidance of the nuclear physicist Lise Meitner and the nuclear chemist Otto Hahn. He initially took a position with Auergesellschaft, where he became an authority on luminescence. While he completed his Habilitation, he continued his industrial career at Auergesellschaft, as opposed to working in academia. From 1927, he was a staff scientist in the radiology department. From 1937, he was head of the optical engineering department. From 1939 to 1945, he was the director of the scientific headquarters. Auergesellschaft had a substantial amount of “waste” uranium from which it had extracted radium. After reading a paper in 1939 by Siegfried Flügge, on the technical use of nuclear energy from uranium, Riehl recognized a business opportunity for the company, and, in July of that year, he went to the Heereswaffenamt (HWA, Army Ordnance Office) to discuss the production of uranium. The HWA was interested. With the interest of the HWA, Riehl, and his colleague Günter Wirths, set up an industrial-scale production of high-purity uranium oxide at the Auergesellschaft plant in Oranienburg. Adding to the capabilities in the final stages of metallic uranium production were the strength’s of the Degussa corporation’s capabilities in metals production. The Auer Oranienburg plant provided the uranium sheets and cubes for the Uranmaschine (uranium machine, i. e. , nuclear reactor) experiments conducted at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft’s Institut für Physik (KWIP, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics) and the Versuchsstelle (testing station) of the Heereswaffenamt (Army Ordnance Office) in Gottow, under the German nuclear energy project Uranverein. The G-1 experiment performed at the HWA testing station, under the direction of Kurt Diebner, had lattices of 6,800 uranium oxide cubes (about 25 tons), in the nuclear moderator paraffin. Near the close of World War II, as American, British, and Russian military forces were closing in on Berlin, Riehl and some of his staff moved to a village west of Berlin, to try and assure occupation by British or American forces. However, in mid-May 1945, with the assistance of Riehl’s colleague Karl Günter Zimmer, the Russian nuclear physicists Georgy Flerov and Lev Artsimovich showed up one day in NKVD colonel’s uniforms. The use of Russian nuclear physicists in the wake of Soviet troop advances to identify and “requisition” equipment, materiel, intellectual property, and personnel useful to the Russian atomic bomb project is similar to the American Operation Alsos. The military head of Alsos was Lt. Col. Boris Pash, former head of security on the American atomic bomb effort, the Manhattan Project, and its chief scientist was the eminent physicist Samuel Goudsmit. In early 1945, the Soviets initiated an effort similar to Alsos (Russian Alsos). Forty out of less than 100 Russian scientists from the Soviet atomic bomb project’s Laboratory No. 2 went to Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia in support of acquisitions for the project. The two colonels requested that Riehl join them in Berlin for a few days, where he also met with nuclear physicist Yulii Borisovich Khariton, also in the uniform of an NKVD colonel. This sojourn in Berlin turned into 10 years in the Soviet Union! Riehl and his staff, including their families, were flown to Moscow on 9 July 1945. Flying Riehl and his staff to Russia demonstrates the importance the Soviets placed on the production of uranium in their atomic bomb project. Eventually, Riehl’s entire laboratory was dismantled and transported to the Soviet Union. The dismantling of his laboratory began even while Riehl was still being held by the Soviets in Berlin. Work of the American Operation Alsos teams, in November 1944, uncovered leads which took them to a company in Paris that handled rare earths and had been taken over by the Auergesellschaft. This, combined with information gathered in the same month through an Alsos team in Strasbourg, confirmed that the Auergesellschaft Oranienburg plant was involved in the production of uranium and thorium metals. Since the plant was to be in the future Soviet zone of occupation and the Russian troops would get there before the Allies, General Leslie Groves, commander of the Manhattan Project, recommended to General George Marshall that the plant be destroyed by aerial bombardment, in order to deny its uranium production equipment to the Russians. On 15 March 1945, 612 B-17 Flying Fortress bombers of the Eighth Air Force dropped 1,506 tons of high-explosive and 178 tons of incendiary bombs on the plant. Riehl visited the site with the Russians and said that the facility was mostly destroyed. Riehl also recalled long after the war that the Russians knew precisely why the Americans had bombed the facility – the attack had been directed at them rather than the Germans. When a Soviet search team arrived at the Auergesellschaft facility in Oranienburg, they had, however, found nearly 100 tons of fairly pure uranium oxide. The Soviet Union took this uranium as reparations, which amounted to between 25% and 40% of the uranium taken from Germany and Czechoslovakia at the end of the war. Khariton said the uranium found there saved the Soviet Union a year on its atomic bomb project.",0
Carrot2,"Carrot2  2007-01-10T14:55:21Z  Carrot2 is a search results clustering engine and an open source project developed by Stanisław Osiński and Dawid Weiss. The project's goals are to organize search results automatically into sensible and useful clusters (groups of related documents). Several algorithms are available in the system, most notably the Lingo algorithm. Commercial spin off of the Carrot2 project is a company called Carrot Search. It provides more efficient and powerful versions of the open source text mining algorithms available in the Carrot2 project while still maintaining the latter. ,  Carrot2  2008-12-28T14:34:59Z  Carrot2 is an Open Source search results clustering engine developed by Stanisław Osiński and Dawid Weiss. It can automatically organize (cluster) small collections of documents, e.g. search results, into thematic categories. Apart from two specialized document clustering algorithms, Carrot2 offers ready-to-use components for fetching search results from various sources including YahooAPI, GoogleAPI, MSN Live API, eTools Meta Search, Lucene, SOLR, Google Desktop and more. Commercial spin off of the Carrot2 project is a company called Carrot Search. It provides more efficient and powerful versions of the open source text mining algorithms available in the Carrot2 project while still maintaining the latter.",1
Nannostomus_trifasciatus,"Nannostomus_trifasciatus  2009-05-12T20:31:41Z   Nannostomus trifasciatus, commonly known as the three-lined pencilfish, is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the genus Nannostomus in the Lebiasinidae family of Characins. They are popular in the aquarium trade due to their small size, beautiful color pattern, and relative hardiness. Steindachner first described the species in 1876, making it one of the first four species in the genus to be described. As a result of the broad distribution of N. trifasciatus, the species is polymorphic and, over the years, some of these color morphs have been erroneously described as separate species. 'Poecilobrycon erythrurus' and 'Poecilobrycon vittatus,' two such examples, are now known to be junior synonyms. N. trifasciatus prefers slow-moving, slightly acidic waters. Within these conditions, N. trifasciatus is found in several different habitat types. It has a broad distribution throughout the Amazon basin, Colombia, Peru and the Guyanas. In the Rio Negro, it inhabits the large swamps that form where tributaries meet the main branch of the river. When the river floods, it moves into the inundated rainforest. During the low water season, it often becomes trapped in small lakes that are left behind, or stays close to the wooded edges of the forest. N. trifasciatus rests near the water surface at night and during the day inhabits the middle to upper water layers. The three-lined pencilfish is a small fish, with adults not reaching more than 6 cm in length. It has a small terminal mouth, and an adipose fin may or may not be present. Most pencilfish possess distinct daytime and nighttime color patterns, and N. trifasciatus is no exception. During the day, it has three black longitudinal stripes that run the length of the body. At night, three large dark spots materialize on the sides of the fish, extending from its back to its belly. Recent research has shown that this change in coloration is due to the differential action of the pineal hormone melatonin on pigment cells in different regions of the integument. It has been suggested that the daytime color pattern may serve an aposematic or recognition function for individuals of the same species, and that the nighttime pattern may help hide the fish from nocturnal predators. In between the variable, darkly-pigmented regions, N. trifasciatus is greenish-gold in color on its back and sides and silver underneath. The gill cover and dorsal, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins possess red blotches, varying in size depending on the population. N. trifasciatus has often been confused in aquarium literature with N. marginatus which is also a three-striped pencilfish; however the latter species can be distinguished by its smaller size and blockier profile. Sexual dimorphism in this species is the least evident of the many species in the Nannostomus genus. The anal fin of males, which is often modified in shape or is more colorful in many Nannostomus species, is not modified or more colorful in N. trifasciatus. Males of the species may have an additional row of red spots in the gold area between the middle and uppermost stripes, but this is extremely variable even within populations. Males are sometimes slimmer and more colorful than females but, once again, this is very variable. N. trifasciatus is omnivorous and spends much of its time near the water surface, where it feeds primarily on insects. It is also an avid biofilm grazer, ingesting microorganisms as well as algae. N. trifasciatus is a popular and appropriate community aquarium species, if tankmates are of similar size and demeanor, and will thrive if kept in soft, mildly acidic water at temperatures between 72F and 82F. Baby brine shrimp and other small-sized foods are indicated. Males will establish and defend small territories. The species spawns during the daytime among plant leaves. The eggs are adhesive and are most often placed on plants. Fertilization takes place externally, and anywhere from 30-100 eggs are produced at a time. The eggs hatch in 24-72 hours, depending on the water temperature. If well-fed, and if sufficient plant cover is provided, breeders will not eat eggs and fry will be found among floating plants. This species is seldom spawned in captivity and has never been commercially raised in fisheries. The aquarium trade relies exclusively on wild-caught specimens. ,  Nannostomus_trifasciatus  2012-04-24T22:06:19Z   Nannostomus trifasciatus, commonly known as the three-lined pencilfish, is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the genus Nannostomus in the Lebiasinidae family of Characins. They are popular in the aquarium trade due to their small size, beautiful color pattern, and relative hardiness. Steindachner first described the species in 1876, making it one of the first four species in the genus to be described. As a result of the broad distribution of N. trifasciatus, the species is polymorphic and, over the years, some of these color morphs have been erroneously described as separate species. 'Poecilobrycon erythrurus' and 'Poecilobrycon vittatus,' two such examples, are now known to be junior synonyms. N. trifasciatus prefers slow-moving, slightly acidic waters. Within these conditions, N. trifasciatus is found in several different habitat types. It has a broad distribution throughout the Amazon basin, Colombia, Peru and the Guyanas. In the Rio Negro, it inhabits the large swamps that form where tributaries meet the main branch of the river. When the river floods, it moves into the inundated rainforest. During the low water season, it often becomes trapped in small lakes that are left behind, or stays close to the wooded edges of the forest. N. trifasciatus rests near the water surface at night and during the day inhabits the middle to upper water layers. The three-lined pencilfish is a small fish, with adults not reaching more than 6 cm in length. It has a small terminal mouth, and an adipose fin may or may not be present. Most pencilfish possess distinct daytime and nighttime color patterns, and N. trifasciatus is no exception. During the day, it has three black longitudinal stripes that run the length of the body. At night, three large dark spots materialize on the sides of the fish, extending from its back to its belly. Recent research has shown that this change in coloration is due to the differential action of the pineal hormone melatonin on pigment cells in different regions of the integument. It has been suggested that the daytime color pattern may serve an aposematic or recognition function for individuals of the same species, and that the nighttime pattern may help hide the fish from nocturnal predators. In between the variable, darkly-pigmented regions, N. trifasciatus is greenish-gold in color on its back and sides and silver underneath. The gill cover and dorsal, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins possess red blotches, varying in size depending on the population. N. trifasciatus has often been confused in aquarium literature with N. marginatus which is also a three-striped pencilfish; however the latter species can be distinguished by its smaller size and blockier profile. Sexual dimorphism in this species is the least evident of the many species in the Nannostomus genus. The anal fin of males, which is often modified in shape or is more colorful in many Nannostomus species, is not modified or more colorful in N. trifasciatus. Males of the species may have an additional row of red spots in the gold area between the middle and uppermost stripes, but this is extremely variable even within populations. Males are sometimes slimmer and more colorful than females but, once again, this is very variable. N. trifasciatus is omnivorous and spends much of its time near the water surface, where it feeds primarily on insects. It is also an avid biofilm grazer, ingesting microorganisms as well as algae. N. trifasciatus is a popular and appropriate community aquarium species, if tankmates are of similar size and demeanor, and will thrive if kept in soft, mildly acidic water at temperatures between 72F and 82F. Baby brine shrimp and other small-sized foods are indicated. Males will establish and defend small territories. The species spawns during the daytime among plant leaves. The eggs are adhesive and are most often placed on plants. Fertilization takes place externally, and anywhere from 30-100 eggs are produced at a time. The eggs hatch in 24-72 hours, depending on the water temperature. If well-fed, and if sufficient plant cover is provided, breeders will not eat eggs and fry will be found among floating plants. This species is seldom spawned in captivity and has never been commercially raised in fisheries. The aquarium trade relies exclusively on wild-caught specimens.",0
Coco Martin,"Coco Martin  2013-01-04T17:06:56Z  Rodel Luis Cortez Nacianceno (born on November 1, 1981), better known by his stage name, Coco Martin, is a critically acclaimed Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipino actor. He became famous for starring in many independent films, and was dubbed the Prince of Philippine Independent Films. He is also known for his portrayal of Ramon Lecumberri in the critically acclaimed television series, Tayong Dalawa, as well as for his award-winning dual role as twins Alexander and Javier del Tierro in the series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin and his main protagonist role as Daniel Guidotti in Walang Hanggan. Coco graduated in National College of Business and Arts with an H.R.M (Hotel and Restaurant Management) degree.and Martin started out in ABS-CBN's talent agency, Star Magic, as part of the Star Circle Batch 9. He made his first cameo film appearance in the 2001 film Luv Txt where he was credited under his real name, Rodel Nacianceno, followed by many independent films. Since then he has appeared in several TV advertisements before breaking back into showbiz with his lead debut independent film Masahista for which he was awarded the Young Critics Circle Best Actor Award in 2006. He also starred in Kaleldo in 2006. Early in 2007, Martin joined GMA Network, and appeared in several GMA TV shows starting with Daisy Siete. He also became a member of the boy-group The Studs. Martin was also seen in independent gay-oriented films, Daybreak and Jay where he earned his first Gawad Urian Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2008, Martin returned to ABS-CBN and was cast in Ligaw na Bulaklak as one of the regular cast members. In 2009, he starred in the drama series Tayong Dalawa where he won the award for Best Drama Actor at the 2009 Star Awards for Television. After Tayong Dalawa, he starred in the afternoon soap opera titled Nagsimula sa Puso alongside Maja Salvador, Jason Abalos, and Nikki Gil. In the same year he joined Star Magic. In 2010, he became part of the cast of ABS-CBN's primetime drama, Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo and had his first leading role in the action series Tonyong Bayawak. He also starred in his first mainstream film Sa 'yo Lamang and the primetime series, 1DOL. Martin also filmed another independent film titled Kinatay where he was nominated for a FAMAS Award for Best Actor. In 2011, he lead the highly-acclaimed television series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin. In May, Martin received the Dekada Award in the Gawad Urian ceremony. He was nominated for multiple awards for his portrayal as Alexander and Javier Del Tierro in Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, namely from the KBP Golden Dove Awards, Golden Screen Awards and Star Awards for TV. In 2012, Martin starred in another ensemble series titled Walang Hanggan, an adaptation of the 1991 film Hihintayin Kita Sa Langit. He also starred in his second mainstream film entitled Born to Love You opposite Angeline Quinto. He is set to star in a movie with Judy Ann Santos titled Love Will Lead You Back. Martin also signed with Regal Entertainment to do a film with Marian Rivera entitled Maybe This Time, set to be released in 2013. In May 2012, a script for a film called Juan dela Cruz was submitted to the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, starring Martin alongside Tayong Dalawa co-star Jake Cuenca, Nagsimula Sa Puso and Minsan Lan Kita Iibigin leading lady Maja Salvador, and Albert Martinez. The entry, set to be directed by Richard Somes, was one of the 7 rejected scripts. Cinemedia Films Production Incorporated and ABS-CBN unit head Deo Endrinal felt that the project would be better suited for TV, and have the now mini-series set to air in 2013. Erich Gonzales is taking the role as Martin's leading lady. Gina Pareño and Mylene Dizon also star, and Malu Sevilla will direct. ,  Coco Martin  2014-12-22T23:39:45Z  Coco Martin (born Rodel Luis Cortez Nacianceno on November 1, 1981) is a Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipino actor. He became famous for starring in independent films, and was dubbed the ""Prince of Philippine Independent Films"". He is also known for his portrayal of Ramon Lecumberri in the television series Tayong Dalawa, as well as for his dual role as the twins Alexander and Javier del Tierro in the series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, and his main protagonist role as Daniel Guidotti in Walang Hanggan. Coco Martin started out in one of the ABS-CBN's talent agency, Star Magic, as part of the Star Circle Batch 9. He made his first cameo film appearance in the 2001 film Luv Text where he was credited under his real name, Rodel Nacianceno, followed by many independent films. Since then he has appeared in several TV advertisements before breaking back into showbiz with his lead debut independent film Masahista for which he was awarded the Young Critics Circle Best Actor Award in 2006. He also starred in Kaleldo in 2006. Early in 2007, Martin joined GMA Network, and appeared in several GMA TV shows starting with Daisy Siete. He also became a member of the boy-group The Studs. Martin was also seen in independent gay-oriented films, Daybreak and Jay where he earned his first Gawad Urian Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2008, Martin returned to ABS-CBN and was cast in Ligaw na Bulaklak as one of the regular cast members. In 2009, he starred in the drama series Tayong Dalawa where he won the award for Best Drama Actor at the 2009 Star Awards for Television. After Tayong Dalawa, he starred in the afternoon soap opera titled Nagsimula sa Puso, alongside Maja Salvador, Jason Abalos and Nikki Gil. In the same year, he joined Star Magic. In 2010, he became part of the cast of ABS-CBN's primetime drama Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo, and had his first leading role in the action series Tonyong Bayawak. He also starred in his first mainstream film Sa 'yo Lamang, and the primetime series 1DOL. Martin also filmed another independent film titled Kinatay, where he was nominated for a FAMAS Award for Best Actor. In 2011, he led the highly acclaimed television series Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin. In May, Martin received the Dekada Award in the Gawad Urian ceremony. He was nominated for multiple awards for his portrayal as Alexander and Javier del Tierro in Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin, namely from the KBP Golden Dove Awards, Golden Screen Awards and Star Awards for TV. In 2012, Martin starred in another ensemble series titled Walang Hanggan, an adaptation of the 1991 film Hihintayin Kita Sa Langit. Having a good chemistry together, his love team with Walang Hanggan leading lady Julia Montes is Martin's most successful and effective love team, giving them more chance to star in other projects. He also starred in his second mainstream film entitled Born to Love You, opposite singer Angeline Quinto. He was set to star in a movie with Judy Ann Santos titled Love Will Lead You Back. In May 2012, a script for a film called Juan dela Cruz was submitted to the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, starring Martin alongside Tayong Dalawa co-star Jake Cuenca, Nagsimula Sa Puso and Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin leading lady Maja Salvador, and Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo co-star Albert Martinez. The entry, set to be directed by Richard Somes, was one of the 7 rejected scripts. Cinemedia Films Production Incorporated and ABS-CBN Dreamscape Entertainment unit head Deo Endrinal felt that the project would be better suited for TV, and have the now television series aired in 2013. Erich Gonzales is taking the role as Martin's leading lady. Together with Martin, Gonzales and Martinez, the series was also starred Arron Villaflor, Eddie Garcia, Zsa Zsa Padilla and Gina Pareño. In 2014, Martin starred in the period drama television series entitled Ikaw Lamang, alongside Walang Hanggan leading lady Julia Montes, and Tayong Dalawa co-stars Kim Chiu and Jake Cuenca. He also starred in another mainstream film Maybe This Time, with singer-actress Sarah Geronimo.",1
André Ramalho,"André Ramalho  2016-02-16T13:13:57Z  André Ramalho Silva (16 February 1992) is a Brazilian professional football player who currently plays for Bayer Leverkusen as a centre back or defensive midfielder. He made his league debut on 20 July 2013 against SC Wiener Neustadt. He played the full game. On 27 July 2013, he scored his first goal for RB Salzburg against FK Austria Wien in a 5–1 win. He scored his second goal against SV Grödig at 10 August 2013. He moved to Bayer Leverkusen on 1 July 2015.,  André Ramalho  2017-12-25T12:09:31Z  André Ramalho Silva (16 February 1992) is a footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bayer Leverkusen. Ramalho made his league debut on 20 July 2013 against SC Wiener Neustadt. He played the full game. On 27 July 2013, he scored his first goal for RB Salzburg against FK Austria Wien in a 5–1 win. He scored his second goal against SV Grödig at 10 August 2013. Ramalho moved to Bayer Leverkusen on 1 July 2015.",1
Canton_of_Campagne-lès-Hesdin,"Canton_of_Campagne-lès-Hesdin  2011-02-15T17:14:20Z   The canton of Campagne-lès-Hesdin is a canton situated in the Pas-de-Calais département and in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. An area of small valleys and plateaux, consisting mostly of farmland, with the town of Campagne-lès-Hesdin in the arrondissement of Montreuil-sur-Mer at its centre. The altitude varies from 2m (Roussent) to 132m (Boubers-lès-Hesmond). with an average altitude of 44m. The canton of Campagne-lès-Hesdin comprises 23 communes : (All French Language) ,  Canton_of_Campagne-lès-Hesdin  2012-07-08T11:46:27Z   The canton of Campagne-lès-Hesdin is a canton situated in the Pas-de-Calais département and in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. An area of small valleys and plateaux, consisting mostly of farmland, with the town of Campagne-lès-Hesdin in the arrondissement of Montreuil-sur-Mer at its centre. The altitude varies from 2m (Roussent) to 132m (Boubers-lès-Hesmond). with an average altitude of 44m. The canton of Campagne-lès-Hesdin comprises 23 communes : (All French Language) 50°23′54″N 1°52′39″E / 50. 39833°N 1. 87750°E / 50. 39833; 1. 87750",0
Joker_in_the_Pack,"Joker_in_the_Pack  2008-03-24T05:58:32Z   Joker in the Pack , published by Orient Paperbacks in 2007, is a work of fiction by Neeraj Pahlajani (IIM Bangalore 2004-06) and Ritesh Sharma (IIM Lucknow 2003-2005). It describes life at the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). Joker in the Pack describes humorously (and often satirically) the life of Shekhar Verma - a middle class student who grows up in the post liberalization era. The book starts off by describing Shekhar's childhood in a typical urban middle class setting, playing gully cricket and ""ice-pice"" (I Spy). As Shekhar reaches senior school, he is influenced by his middle class brethren into pursuing a ""dream job"" with an MNC (defined as any job that pays very well as per prevailing standards). In order to achieve this job, he enrolls into an Information Technology course as it is considered ""hot"" by recruiters. He gets disenchanted with the course once the IT bubble bursts in India and salaries plummet. Shekhar then trains his eyes on the IIMs, in the hope that an MBA from an IIM will help him get his dream job. The book describes in detail Shekhar's life at an IIM and introduces the various personalities that make up life there including 'Northie Lafanders' and 'Dosa Dudes', the influential Placement Committee ('Placecom'), wise 'Daddus' and the glamorous 'Page 3s'. Throughout the book, Shekhar has been shown as being critical of the middle class that ""labels kids according to the marks they get in exams and salaries they get in jobs"". As a character, Shekhar is shown to mature as the book progresses, culminating in his starting to question his own beliefs and actions and the sarifices he has made to achieve something he is no longer sure he wants. Joker in the Pack features a section devoted to Manjunath Shanmugam and the Manjunath Shanmugam Trust. The book also has a tie-up with the Trust through which part of the sales proceeds are passed on to the Trust. 1. Joker in the Pack website 2. Orient Paperbacks website 3. Article from Management Compass - A fictional take on the placement ‘mandis’ at IIMs 4. Article in Economic Times - The booming genre of campus-based novels,  Joker_in_the_Pack  2009-08-09T19:33:09Z   Joker in the Pack - An Irreverent View of Life at IIMs is a work of fiction by IIM Bangalore alumnus Neeraj Pahlajani and IIM Lucknow alumnus Ritesh Sharma. It was published in September 2007 by Orient Paperbacks and is a bestseller in India. The novel describes the student life of Shekhar Verma, a middle class boy who grows up in the post liberalization era in India. Shekhar is described as a typical boy growing up in urban India - focused on Bollywood and Cricket. As he becomes older and faces Board Exams, he is pressured by his parents, relatives and neighbors to take life seriously and to consider pursuing a career in IT. In order to achieve this goal, he decides to pursue his graduation in Information Technology but is disheartened when the IT bubble bursts and salaries plummet. Shekhar then trains his eyes on the IIMs, in the hope that an MBA from an IIM would help him get his dream job. The book describes in detail Shekhar's life at IIM Bangalore and introduces various personalities that make up life there. Shekhar is shown to mature as the book progresses, ultimately questioning the choices he has made, which though make him successful as per society's expectations, leave him confused about what he really wants in life. Joker in the Pack features a section devoted to Manjunath Shanmugam and the Manjunath Shanmugam Trust. The book also has a tie-up with the Trust through which part of the sales proceeds are passed on to the Trust. 1. Joker in the Pack website 2. Orient Paperbacks website 3. Article in Economic Times - The booming genre of campus-based novels 4. Review of Joker in the Pack - The Hindu 5. Review of Joker in the Pack - The Telegraph",0
Carl_Prean,"Carl_Prean  2008-08-12T19:45:48Z   Carl Lustig Prean (born August 20, 1967) in Ryde, Isle of Wight is a table tennis player. He is former England senior no. 1 table tennis player, a feat he first achieved when he was only 15. He is a three time English Men's Champion, and won the European Junior title (Under 17 age group) in 1985 and (Under 14) in 1982, the only English player in the history of the game to achieve this double. He is a winner of both the prestigious Belgian and Brazilian Opens, and represented England in three Olympics (Seoul, Barcelona and Atlanta). In recent years, he has been playing in the German league. ,  Carl_Prean  2010-04-22T10:36:09Z   Carl Lustig Prean (born 20 August 1967) in Ryde, Isle of Wight is a table tennis player. He is former England senior no. 1 table tennis player, a feat he first achieved when he was only 15. He is a three time English Men's Champion, and won the European Junior title (Under 17 age group) in 1985 and (Under 14) in 1982, the only English player in the history of the game to achieve this double. He is a winner of both the prestigious Belgian and Brazilian Opens, and represented England in three Olympics (Seoul, Barcelona and Atlanta). In recent years, he has been playing in the German league.",0
Flyboys_(band),"Flyboys_(band)  2014-08-01T14:16:13Z   The Flyboys were a pioneering punk rock band from Arcadia, California, founded in 1977 during the first wave of American punk. The band was prominent in the Los Angeles punk rock scene, providing the recording which was the first release of Frontier Records. The band broke up in 1981. The Flyboys were formed in Arcadia, California in 1977 by guitarist and vocalist John ""Jon Boy"" Curry, bassist and vocalist David Wilson (aka ""David Way""), and drummer Dennis Walsh (aka ""Dennis Racket""). Scott Lasken (Scott Towels) joined on Bass soon thereafter, causing Wilson to switch to keyboards. This was the line up that started to play Hollywood clubs in 1977 but was derailed by Wilson's death in an auto accident in 1978 shortly following a show at which the band opened for the Go Go's and The Avengers. Tim Sincavage (aka ""Timmy Sinner"") was later added to the line up on guitar and Curry began splitting his duties between guitar and Keyboards as well as singing the majority of the songs. The band's first release was a recording released on the band's own record label, recorded in December 1978 and released early the next year. The record quickly sold through a first pressing of 1,000 copies. This line up recorded the first ever release for Lisa Fancher's Frontier Records in 1980, a seven song EP titled Flyboys that included proto-type punk/pop tunes such as I Couldn't Tell and Dear John as well as the Flyboys Theme Song, a surf inspired rave up that was coved by Jodie Foster's Army. The group splintered in 1981, Curry spent time in LA based band The Plugz, writing the music for the title track to their second album, Better Luck, although he left the band shortly before the recording of the album to form Choir Invisible with Lasken and Sincavage. The latter two had submitted a demo with a different singer to Frontier as a possible release but Fancher would only release a record if Curry returned to the fold. She also found drummer, Danny Benair formally of the Quick and later the drummer in The Three O'Clock and Choir Invisible was born. The Flyboys reunited in 2003 for the LA Weekly's 25th Anniversary Party and again in 2007 for the release Party for Brendan's Mullan's book on the seminal Punk rock club, The Masque. In 2009, John Curry and Scott Lasken started performing again as The Edwardo Show with Curry singing and playing Ukulele, Guitar and Piano and Lasken playing Acoustic bass. The duo performs Curry's compositions influenced by 20's and 30's music but with a decidedly Glam/Punk vibe. The band also sometimes includes percussionist Joe Berardi – formerly of seminal LA band, The Fibonacci's. ,  Flyboys_(band)  2017-01-17T07:48:44Z   The Flyboys were a pioneering Californian punk rock band founded in 1975 before the first wave of American punk. The act was prominent in the Los Angeles punk rock scene around 1976 and 1977. Their second release was the debut output for Frontier Records. The band broke up in 1980. The Flyboys were formed in Arcadia, California in 1975 by guitarist and vocalist John ""Jon Boy"" Curry, bassist and vocalist David Wilson (aka David Way), and drummer Dennis Walsh (aka Dennis Racket). Scott Lasken (aka Scott Towels) joined on bass soon thereafter, causing Wilson to switch to keyboards. This was the lineup that started to play Hollywood clubs in 1976 but was derailed by Wilson's death in an auto accident in early 1978, shortly following a show at which the band opened for the Go-Go's and the Avengers. Tim Sincavage (aka Timmy Sinner) was later added to the lineup on guitar, and Curry began splitting his duties between guitar and keyboards, as well as singing the majority of the songs. The Flyboys's first release was a recording released on the band's own record label, recorded in June of 1976 and released a month later. The record quickly sold through a first pressing of 1,000 copies. The band recorded another record which would be the very first for a new label, Lisa Fancher's Frontier Records in early 1980, a seven-song EP titled Flyboys that included proto-type punk tunes such as ""I Couldn't Tell"" and ""Dear John"" as well as their ""Theme Song"", a surf inspired rave up that was covered by Jodie Foster's Army. The group splintered in 1980, Curry spent time in L. A. -based band the Plugz, writing the music for the title track to their second album, Better Luck, although he left the band shortly before the recording of the album to form Choir Invisible with Lasken and Sincavage. The latter two had submitted a demo with a different singer to Frontier as a possible release but Fancher would only release a record if Curry returned to the fold. She also found drummer, Danny Benair, formally of the Quick and later the drummer in The Three O'Clock, and Choir Invisible was born. The Flyboys reunited in 2003 for the LA Weekly's 25th anniversary party, and again in 2007 for the release party for Brendan Mullen's book on the seminal punk rock club The Masque. In 2009, John Curry and Scott Lasken started performing again as The Edwardo Show with Curry singing and playing ukulele, guitar and piano, and Lasken playing acoustic bass. The duo performs Curry's compositions influenced by 1920s and 1930s music but with a decidedly glam punk vibe. The band also sometimes includes percussionist Joe Berardi, formerly of seminal L. A. band the Fibonaccis.",0
Rodjun Cruz,"Rodjun Cruz  2018-01-21T04:55:46Z  Rodolfo Othello Cruz Illustre, Jr. (born October 10, 1987) is a Filipino actor, dancer and singer. He is the brother of fellow actor and dancer Rayver Cruz. Cruz was a member of the now defunct all-male dancing group Anim-E. The group, previously named Anime—in reference to the Tagalog word ""anim"" or ""six""—originally consisted six members namely: Rayver Cruz, John Wayne Sace, Emman Abeleda, Sergio Garcia, Mico Aytona, and Mhyco Aquino. Rodjun joined the original members in 2005. In 2006, He was cast as Jigo in the ABS-CBN TV series Calla Lily. After a year, Cruz along with 14 other celebrity contestants joined the second season of U Can Dance Version 2, where he met and started dating fellow Star Magic talent Dianne Medina. Cruz with his dancing partner Lina Basas were named Grand Champion of U Can Dance Version 2 the following year, where he won the grand prize of 250,000 pesos. He also won another 250,000 pesos from the ""Merrygalo"" segment of, the now defunct noontime variety show, Wowowee. He made a guest appearance in the ""Mambabarang"" episode of Komiks Presents: Pedro Penduko at ang mga Engkantao in the same year. In 2008, Cruz was cast as Jake Perez in the teen drama Lipgloss. Cruz left Lipgloss after three seasons in 2009. He had minor roles in the ABS-CBN shows Tayong Dalawa and May Bukas Pa. He also made guest appearances in Maynila and Midnight DJ. He played Calvin in Magkaribal in 2010. He was also cast as Joaquin Buenaventura in Juanita Banana. The same year, he left ASAP XV and joined, the show's rival, P.O.5 in TV5. Cruz is a cousin of entertainers Sheryl Cruz, Sunshine Cruz, Geneva Cruz and Donna Cruz. In October 2017, Cruz announced his engagement to actress Dianne Medina after dating for over 10 years. ,  Rodjun Cruz  2019-12-21T17:07:13Z  Rodolfo Othello Cruz Illustre, Jr. (born October 10, 1987), professionally known as Rodjun Cruz, is a Filipino actor, dancer and singer. He is the brother of fellow actor and dancer Rayver Cruz. Cruz started as a host, together with his younger brother Rayver, in the children's magazine show 5 And Up. Cruz was a member of the now defunct all-male dancing group Anim-E. The group, previously named Anime—in reference to the Tagalog word ""anim"" or ""six""—originally consisted six members namely: Rayver Cruz, John Wayne Sace, Emman Abeleda, Sergio Garcia, Mico Aytona, and Mhyco Aquino. Rodjun joined the original members in 2005. In 2006, he was cast as Jigo in the ABS-CBN TV series Calla Lily. After a year, Cruz along with 14 other celebrity contestants joined the second season of U Can Dance Version 2, where he met and started dating fellow Star Magic talent Dianne Medina. Cruz with his dancing partner Lina Basas were named Grand Champion of U Can Dance Version 2 the following year, where he won the grand prize of 250,000 pesos. He also won another 250,000 pesos from the ""Merrygalo"" segment of, the now defunct noontime variety show, Wowowee. He made a guest appearance in the ""Mambabarang"" episode of Komiks Presents: Pedro Penduko at ang mga Engkantao in the same year. In 2008, Cruz was cast as Jake Perez in the teen drama Lipgloss. Cruz left Lipgloss after three seasons in 2009. He had minor roles in the ABS-CBN shows Tayong Dalawa and May Bukas Pa. He also made guest appearances in Maynila and Midnight DJ. He played Calvin in Magkaribal in 2010. He was also cast as Joaquin Buenaventura in Juanita Banana. The same year, he left ASAP XV and joined, the show's rival, P.O.5 in TV5. Cruz is a cousin of entertainers Sheryl Cruz, Sunshine Cruz, Geneva Cruz and Donna Cruz. In October 2017, Cruz announced his engagement to actress Dianne Medina after dating since July 23, 2007. The couple married on December 21, 2019.",1
Joel_Judd,"Joel_Judd  2009-12-21T13:34:31Z   Joel Stanton Judd (born September 10, 1951) is a Colorado legislator. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 2002, Judd represents House District 5, which encompasses downtown Denver, Colorado. Born in Denver, Colorado, Judd earned a bachelor's degree from New College of Florida in 1972 and then returned to Colorado, earning a law degree from the University of Denver in 1976. He then entered private practice, working at Feder & Morris from 1976 to 1977, at Reckseen and Lau from 1977 to 1982, and finally opening an individual law practice in 1982. As a community member, Judd has served as President of the Downtown Denver Optimists Club from 1980 to 1983, and as President of Denver's Jewish Community Center, from 1985 to 1988. Also an active outdoorsman, Judd maintains a list of his favorite hikes on his campaign web site; he was also president of the Denver Mosaic Outdoor Mountain Club from 1994 to 1997, and served on Mosaic Outdoor Clubs of America's national board of directors from 1998 to 1999. Judd was first elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2002, defeating Republican Brandi Moreland and Reform Party candidate Christopher Wilson with over 70 percent of votes cast. Judd was re-elected in 2004, defeating Republican John Wren with over 75 percent of the vote, and then elected to a third term in 2006 with no opposition. During his first term, Judd sat on the House Information and Technology Committee and the House Judiciary Committee. In his second term, Judd moved to the House Appropriations Committee and to the House Finance Committee where, under Democratic control of the legislature, he was named Vice-Chairman. Currently in his third term, Judd remains on the House Appropriations Committee and chairs the House Finance Committee. In 2006, Judd sponsored a measure to allow pregnant teenagers to seek medical treatment without parental consent; the bill passed the legislature and was enacted into law, albeit without the signature of Gov. Bill Owens. During the 2007 legislative session, in reaction to a 2006 hit and run accident that killed a mother and her two young children in downtown Denver, Judd sponsored legislation to strengthen penalties for drunk driving and require ignition interlock devices on the automobiles of those convicted of DUIs. The measure would have made Colorado's drunk-driving laws the strictest in the nation, but was defeated in the legislature. Another 2007 measure by Judd, designed to limit handguns with vehicles unless the owner held a concealed carry permit, was opposed by gun-rights advocates and the National Rifle Association, and was defeated in committee. A another proposal of Judd's, that would have required casinos to withhold child support money from the gambling winnings of deadbeat parents passed the state house, was blocked in a Senate committee in both 2006 and again in 2007. One of Judd's successful 2007 bills was a measure to increases penalties for employers who willfully withhold pay from employees, written and pushed through the legislature with the help of students from the University of Denver's law clinic. In the 2008 session, Judd has introduced legislation to requite ignition interlocks for drivers convicted of driving while intoxicated, and to limit campaign contributions from limited liability corporations. ,  Joel_Judd  2010-12-27T01:26:10Z   Joel Stanton Judd (born September 10, 1951) is a Colorado legislator. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 2002, Judd represents House District 5, which encompasses downtown Denver, Colorado. He will leave office in January 2011. Born in Denver, Colorado, Judd earned a bachelor's degree from New College of Florida in 1972 and then returned to Colorado, earning a law degree from the University of Denver in 1976. He then entered private practice, working at Feder & Morris from 1976 to 1977, at Reckseen and Lau from 1977 to 1982, and finally opening an individual law practice in 1982. As a community member, Judd has served as President of the Downtown Denver Optimists Club from 1980 to 1983, and as a board member of Denver's Jewish Community Center, from 1985 to 1988. Also an active outdoorsman, Judd maintains a list of his favorite hikes on his campaign web site; he was also president of the Denver Mosaic Outdoor Mountain Club from 1994 to 1997, and served on Mosaic Outdoor Clubs of America's national board of directors from 1998 to 1999. Judd was first elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2002, defeating Republican Brandi Moreland and Reform Party candidate Christopher Wilson with over 70 percent of votes cast. Judd was re-elected in 2004, 2006 and 2008. During his first term, Judd sat on the House Information and Technology Committee and the House Judiciary Committee. In his second term, Judd moved to the House Appropriations Committee and to the House Finance Committee where, under Democratic control of the legislature, he was named Vice-Chairman. Currently in his third term, Judd remains on the House Appropriations Committee and chairs the House Finance Committee. Term limits prevented Judd from seeking a fifth House term in 2010. Instead, he ran for the Colorado Senate in the 34th district but lost in the Democratic primary to Lucía Guzmán, the incumbent who had been appointed to the seat months earlier. Each of his first five years in the legislature Judd introduced a child support casino intercept bill. It lost each year. In 2007 he passed it by adding the proposal as an amendment to another child support bill. Colorado children have now collected over a million dollars from delinquent parents with large casino winnings. In 2006, Judd sponsored a measure to allow pregnant teenagers to seek medical treatment without parental consent; the bill passed the legislature and was enacted into law, albeit without the signature of Gov. Bill Owens. During the 2007 legislative session, in reaction to a 2006 hit and run accident that killed a mother and her two young children in downtown Denver, Judd sponsored legislation to strengthen penalties for drunk driving and require ignition interlock devices on the automobiles of those convicted of DUIs. The measure would have made Colorado's drunk-driving laws the strictest in the nation, but was defeated in the legislature. Another 2007 measure by Judd, designed to limit handguns with vehicles unless the owner held a concealed carry permit, was opposed by gun-rights advocates and the National Rifle Association, and was defeated in committee. One of Judd's successful 2007 bills was a measure to increases penalties for employers who willfully withhold pay from employees, written and pushed through the legislature with the help of students from the University of Denver's law clinic. In the 2008 session, Judd has introduced legislation to requite ignition interlocks for drivers convicted of driving while intoxicated, and to limit campaign contributions from limited liability corporations. Template:Persondata",0
Walt_Disney's_World_War_II_propaganda_production,"Walt_Disney's_World_War_II_propaganda_production  2009-06-24T08:46:41Z   Between 1942 and 1945, during World War II, Walt Disney was involved in the production of propaganda for the US government. The widespread familiarity of Walt Disney's productions benefited the US government in producing pro-American war propaganda in an effort to increase support for the war. During World War II, Disney made films for every branch of the US military and government . The government looked to Walt Disney more than any other studio chief as a builder of public morale providing instruction and training to the sailors and soldiers. "" This was accomplished through the use of animated graphics by means of expediting the intelligent mobilization of servicemen and civilians for the cause of the war. Over 90% of Disney employees were devoted to the production of training and propaganda films for the government. Throughout the duration of the war, Disney produced over 400,000 feet of educational war films, most at cost, which is equal to 68 hours of continuous film. In 1942, Disney was approached with requests from the US services. The Navy was the first, and other branches of the government, including, the Army, the Air Force, the Department of Agriculture, and the Treasury Department, rapidly caught on to Disney’s creative approach to generating educational films, propaganda and insignias. As well as producing films for different government divisions, from 1942 to 1943 Disney was asked to create animation for a series of pictures produced by Colonel Frank Capra for the US Army. This series included films such as “Prelude to War"" and “America goes to War”. Although these films were originally intended for servicemen, they were released to theaters because of their popularity. The Navy first requested 90,000 feet of film to be ready in three months. The purpose of these films was to educate sailors on navigation tactics. This was a shock for Disney, as he was used to creating 27,000 feet of film in a year. The Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs also requested educational films for aviation branches of the government. The subjects of these films varied widely from aerology and not compact tactics to ground crew aircraft maintenance. Disney created “The New Spirit” (1942) after a request from the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr, to make Americans accept the payment of income taxes. The film was edited into “The Spirit of '43” (1943). In this film, Donald Duck deals with income taxes and shows their benefit to the American war effort. The film was seen by 26 million people. In a later Gallup poll 37% admitted that the film played a factor on their willingness to pay taxes. Disney also made a book for children to try to encourage them to purchase War Savings stamps. Aerology film production was supervised by naval aviation experts and some members of Disney's team learned how to fly to better understand the problems the Air Force encountered. ""Victory Through Air Power"" (1943) is one of the propaganda films Disney produced for air warfare. This film is an attempt to sell Major Alexander de Seversky's theories about the practical uses of long range strategic bombing. The animated film humorously tells about the development of air warfare and then switches to the Major illustrating how his ideas could win the war for the allies. As requested by the US Government, Walt Disney created a number of anti-German and anti-Japanese films for both the soldiers and the US public. He wanted to portray these countries and their leaders as manipulative without morals. A few of the films he produced were ""Der Fuehrer's Face” (1942), “Education for Death- The Making of a Nazi” (1943), and “Commando Duck"" (1944). In “Der Fuehrer’s Face,” Donald Duck breaks down after experiencing a nightmare where he has to make do with eating disgusting Nazi food rations and experiences a day at a Nazi artillery factory. “Education for Death- The Making of a Nazi” was a wartime propaganda film that takes on the perspective of Hans, a young German boy. As the movie progresses and Hans is exposed to Hitler youth and the Nazi culture, his value of human life decreases. In “Commando Duck”, Donald, by himself, destroys an entire Japanese airbase. ,  Walt_Disney's_World_War_II_propaganda_production  2011-04-25T02:56:40Z   Between 1942 and 1945, during World War II, Walt Disney was involved in the production of propaganda for the US government. The widespread familiarity of Walt Disney's productions benefited the US government in producing pro-American war propaganda in an effort to increase support for the war. During World War II, Disney made films for every branch of the US military and government. The government looked to Walt Disney more than any other studio chief as a builder of public morale providing instruction and training to the sailors and soldiers. "" This was accomplished through the use of animated graphics by means of expediting the intelligent mobilization of servicemen and civilians for the cause of the war. Over 90% of Disney employees were devoted to the production of training and propaganda films for the government. Throughout the duration of the war, Disney produced over 400,000 feet of educational war films, most at cost, which is equal to 68 hours of continuous film. In 1942, Disney was approached with requests from the US services. The Navy was the first, and other branches of the government, including, the Army, the Air Force, the Department of Agriculture, and the Treasury Department, rapidly caught on to Disney’s creative approach to generating educational films, propaganda and insignias. As well as producing films for different government divisions, from 1942 to 1943 Disney was asked to create animation for a series of pictures produced by Colonel Frank Capra for the US Army. This series included films such as “Prelude to War"" and “America goes to War”. Although these films were originally intended for servicemen, they were released to theaters because of their popularity. The Navy first requested 900,000 feet of film to be ready in three months. The purpose of these films was to educate sailors on navigation tactics. This was a shock for Disney, as he was used to creating 28,000 feet of film in a year. The Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs also requested educational films for aviation branches of the government. The subjects of these films varied widely from aerology and not compact tactics to ground crew aircraft maintenance. Disney created “The New Spirit” (1942) after a request from the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr, to make Americans accept the payment of income taxes. The film was followed by “The Spirit of '43” (1943). In this film, Donald Duck deals with income taxes and shows their benefit to the American war effort. The film was seen by 26 million people. In a later Gallup poll 37% admitted that the film played a factor on their willingness to pay taxes. Disney also made a book for children to try to encourage them to purchase War Savings stamps. Aerology film production was supervised by naval aviation experts and some members of Disney's team learned how to fly to better understand the problems the Air Force encountered. ""Victory Through Air Power"" (1943) is one of the propaganda films Disney produced for air warfare. This film is an attempt to sell Major Alexander de Seversky's theories about the practical uses of long range strategic bombing. The animated film humorously tells about the development of air warfare and then switches to the Major illustrating how his ideas could win the war for the allies. As requested by the US Government, Walt Disney created a number of anti-German and anti-Japanese films for both the soldiers and the US public. He wanted to portray these countries and their leaders as manipulative without morals. A few of the films he produced were ""Der Fuehrer's Face” (1942), “Education for Death - The Making of a Nazi” (1943), and “Commando Duck"" (1944). In “Der Fuehrer’s Face,” Donald Duck breaks down after experiencing a nightmare where he has to make do with eating disgusting Nazi food rations and experiences a day at a Nazi artillery factory. “Education for Death - The Making of a Nazi” was a wartime propaganda film that takes on the perspective of Hans, a young German boy. As the movie progresses and Hans is exposed to Hitler youth and the Nazi culture, his value of human life decreases. In “Commando Duck”, Donald, by himself, destroys an entire Japanese airbase. United States home front during World War II http://www. cartoonbrew. com/disney/disney-at-war. html",0
Anthony_Fenn_Kemp,"Anthony_Fenn_Kemp  2008-10-11T08:48:36Z   Anthony Fenn Kemp (1773 – 28 October 1868) was a soldier, merchant and a deputy judge advocate of the colony of New South Wales (now an Australian State). He was one of the key participants in the colony's ""Rum Rebellion"" that removed its appointed governor and established an interim military government. He was later permitted to settle in Van Diemen's Land and became a successful merchant and farmer there. Kemp was born in England, near Aldgate, London, probably around 1773. He was educated in Greenwich, London. After finishing school, he travelled to the United States and to France. On his return, he purchased a commission as an ensign in the New South Wales Corps, which later was to become known as the Rum Corps, because of its monopoly on liquor in the early colony. Kemp arrived in Sydney with his regiment in 1795. He served in Sydney and also on Norfolk Island, which was then a settlement of New South Wales. IN 1797, he was promoted to lieutenant. In November 1799, he was granted a lease of land in the centre of Sydney where he built a shop. At that time, it was common for senior military officers to be granted land to settle and farm in the colonies. Kemp prospered in the colony. As paymaster for his company and then later paymaster for the whole of the corps, he was able to use his position to trade his ""wares at high prices"". Kemp returned to England on leave in 1800, and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1801. He returned to Sydney in 1802 where he married Elizabeth Riley, sister of early New South Wales merchants and pastoralists, Alexander Riley and Edward Riley and daughter of London bookseller George Riley. In the same year, he was received as a freemason in what is thought to have been the first lodge assembled in Australia. The arrival of the French ship the Atlas in 1802 is an illustration of Kemp's attitude to his economic interests in the colony. French Captain Nicholas Baudin brought a cargo of brandy to sell. The governor, Philip King, refused to allow the cargo to be landed, probably due to the then English monopolies on the sale of goods. After various arguments with Baudin, Kemp alleged that Baudin was illegally selling the brandy on shore. The governor investigated the matter. Kemp was forced to apologise to Baudin after the governor determined that there was no evidence of the sale. This led, in 1803, to Kemp being involved in a pamphlet war denouncing the governor. For this, Kemp was court martialled along with two other junior officers. He was saved by Major George Johnston (who was later a key player in the Rum Rebellion). Johnston ordered the arrest of John Harris, the presiding officer at Kemp's court-martial. This was for allegedly revealing the voting of two other officers in an earlier court martial. Although Harris was later exonerated, he was replaced by deputy judge advocate Richard Atkins, and Kemp was acquitted. In 1804, Kemp was appointed second-in-command of the new settlement at Port Dalrymple, which is now the city of Launceston in Tasmania. During his commander's absence, he administered the settlement, but disaffection with him grew and eventually a planned insurrection had to be averted by arresting its leaders. Kemp returned to Sydney in 1807, where he was to play an important part in 1808 in the rebellion against Governor William Bligh. On 25 January, Kemp was the senior military officer on the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction, which had been called to try John Macarthur for the charge of sedition. Kemp was second most senior member of the bench, whose the senior member was the deputy judge advocate Atkins. Atkins was a drunk and also owed Macarthur and others great deals of money. At the trial, Macarthur with 'a great torrent of threats and abusive language' alleged that Atkins was unfit for the bench. Atkins threatened to commit Macarthur for contempt, but Kemp threatened to commit Atkins for contempt himself. Atkins adjourned the court and left for the safety of the governor's office, whilst Kemp and his fellow officers wrote reporting the matter to Bligh. Bligh reminded the officers that the court could not be constituted without Atkins' presence and that the court papers should be returned. When Kemp and the others refused, Bligh recommended that they be charged for treasonable practices. The following day, Kemp and other officers informed Bligh that he should resign as governor and that his safety would be guaranteed out of the colony. Bligh refused, and Johnston removed Bligh from office. Johnston then removed Atkins from the position of deputy judge advocate and appointed Kemp in his stead. One of the cases in the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction to be tried by Kemp was that of provost-marshal William Gore who was charged with perjury. Interestingly, Kemp did not consider disqualifying himself from the case even though he was one those accusing Gore's of perjury. Kemp was also part of the court that subsequently acquitted Macarthur of the earlier charges, an outcome predictable even if Atkins had been allowed to sit on the bench. Kemp was not to remain in office and was replaced by Grimes when Kemp was posted as the commandant at Parramatta. Kemp returned to England in 1810 and was a witness at the court martial of Johnston for the rebellion. Kemp escaped being court martialled himself, but he was allowed to sell his commission. However, his land grants in Sydney were canceled. He became a partner in a commercial venture in England, but he later went bankrupt. Kemp returned to Australia in 1816 and settled in Van Diemen's Land. He received a grant of 700 acres (2. 8 km2) at Green Ponds. He received further grants in 1829 and also purchased or obtained leases on further land. Kemp was to become a leading figure among graziers, merchants, importers and shippers in the area. He bred sheep and according to his biographers, apparently helped pioneer the Tasmanian wool industry. He was also the first to import red deer into Tasmania. Kemp was a director and also a one time president of the Van Diemen's Land Bank and he set up various mercantile and shipping businesses. In that year, Kemp was appointed a justice of the peace (commonly known as a magistrate at the time). Kemp was involved in a series of quarrels with Lieutenant Governors Thomas Davey and William Sorell. He circulated notice around the settlement that Sorell was living with a married woman (which he was). He later wrote to Lord Bathurst, as well as the Bishop of London, and also Lachlan Macquarie about these matters. Eventually, Sorell suspended Kemp and made a report to Macquarie. Macquarie eventually confirmed that suspension, but cautioned Sorell not to take Kemp to a court of law. Macquarie said to Sorell that if the ""wily and obsessive"" Kemp's economic interests were threatened, Kemp was likely to react with ""explosive violence"". Kemp was a critic of Sorell, but Kemp later changed his mind. It may have been when one of Kemp's daughters married one of Sorell's sons. Or, it could have been a realisation that the next lieutenant-governor might not be as generous with land grants. Kemp was even to become the chair of a committee of petitioners to have Sorell's term extended, but this petition was declined by London. Kemp continued to have run-ins with the next Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur. Kemp was re-appointed a justice of the peace by the next lieutenant-governor John Franklin in 1837. Kemp's wife Elizabeth died in October 1865 aged 79. Kemp lived to the age of 95, dying at Sandy Bay on 28 October 1868. He was buried in St George's Church of England cemetery. The area in Sydney where Kemp's first land grant was made is now known as Kemps Creek. The area in Van Diemen's Land where Kemp settled was renamed Kempton in 1840, whilst the name Green Ponds is still retained as a municipality name in the area. Kemp is sometimes referred to as the ""Father of Tasmania"". This is said to be an allusion to the number of children and grandchildren that he had that married into Tasmanian society. ,  Anthony_Fenn_Kemp  2010-04-18T02:31:12Z   Anthony Fenn Kemp (1773 – 28 October 1868) was a soldier, merchant and a deputy judge advocate of the colony of New South Wales (the predecessor to the Australian State). He was one of the key participants in the ""Rum Rebellion"" that removed William Bligh, the appointed governor of the colony, and established an interim military government. He was later permitted to settle in Van Diemen's Land and became a successful merchant and farmer there. Kemp was born in England, near Aldgate, London, probably around 1773. He was educated in Greenwich, London. After finishing school, he travelled to the United States and to France. On his return, he purchased a commission as an ensign in the New South Wales Corps, a regiment raised in England specifically to maintain discipline in the colony of New South Wales. It later was to become known as the Rum Corps, because of the monopoly by its officers on the supply of the liquor in the early years of the colony. Kemp arrived in Sydney with his regiment in 1795. He served in Sydney and also on Norfolk Island, which was then a settlement of New South Wales. In 1797, he was promoted to lieutenant. In November 1799, he was granted a lease of land in the centre of Sydney where he built a shop. At that time, it was common for senior military officers to be granted land to settle and farm in the colonies. Kemp prospered in the colony. As paymaster for his company and then later paymaster for the whole of the corps, he was able to use his position to trade his ""wares at high prices"". Kemp returned to England on leave in 1800, and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1801. He returned to Sydney in 1802 where he married Elizabeth Riley, sister of early New South Wales merchants and pastoralists, Alexander Riley and Edward Riley and daughter of London bookseller George Riley. In the same year, he was received as a freemason in what is thought to have been the first lodge assembled in Australia. The arrival of the French ship the Atlas in 1802 is an illustration of Kemp's attitude to his economic interests in the colony. French Captain Nicholas Baudin brought a cargo of brandy to sell. The governor, Philip King, refused to allow the cargo to be landed, probably due to the then English monopolies on the sale of goods. After various arguments with Baudin, Kemp alleged that Baudin was illegally selling the brandy on shore. The governor investigated the matter. Kemp was forced to apologise to Baudin after the governor determined that there was no evidence of the sale. This led, in 1803, to Kemp being involved in a pamphlet war denouncing the governor. For this, Kemp was court martialled along with two other junior officers. He was saved by Major George Johnston (who was later a key player in the Rum Rebellion). Johnston ordered the arrest of John Harris, the presiding officer at Kemp's court-martial. This was for allegedly revealing the voting of two other officers in an earlier court martial. Although Harris was later exonerated, he was replaced by deputy judge advocate Richard Atkins, and Kemp was acquitted. In 1804, Kemp was appointed second-in-command of the new settlement at Port Dalrymple, which is now the town of Georgetown in Tasmania. During his commander's absence, he administered the settlement, but disaffection with him grew and eventually a planned insurrection had to be averted by arresting its leaders. Kemp returned to Sydney in 1807, where he was to play an important part in 1808 in the rebellion against Governor William Bligh. On 25 January, Kemp was the senior military officer on the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction, which had been called to try John Macarthur for the charge of sedition. Kemp was second most senior member of the bench; the senior member was the deputy judge advocate Atkins. Atkins was a drunk and also owed Macarthur and others great deals of money. At the trial, Macarthur with 'a great torrent of threats and abusive language' alleged that Atkins was unfit for the bench. Atkins threatened to commit Macarthur for contempt, but Kemp threatened to commit Atkins for contempt himself. Atkins adjourned the court and left for the safety of the governor's office, whilst Kemp and his fellow officers wrote reporting the matter to Bligh. Bligh reminded the officers that the court could not be constituted without Atkins' presence and that the court papers should be returned. When Kemp and the others refused, Bligh recommended that they be charged for treasonable practices. The following day, Kemp and other officers informed Bligh that he should resign as governor and that his safety would be guaranteed out of the colony. Bligh refused, and Johnston removed Bligh from office. Johnston then removed Atkins from the position of deputy judge advocate and appointed Kemp in his stead. One of the cases in the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction to be tried by Kemp was that of provost-marshal William Gore who was charged with perjury. Interestingly, Kemp did not consider disqualifying himself from the case even though he was one those accusing Gore of perjury. Kemp was also part of the court that subsequently acquitted Macarthur of the earlier charges, an outcome predictable even if Atkins had been allowed to sit on the bench. Kemp did not to remain in office and was replaced by Grimes when Kemp was posted as the commandant at Parramatta. Kemp returned to England in 1810 and was a witness at the court martial of Johnston for the rebellion. Kemp escaped being court martialled himself, but he was allowed to sell his commission, and his land grants in Sydney were canceled. He became a partner in a commercial venture in England, but later went bankrupt. Kemp returned to Australia in 1816 and settled in Van Diemen's Land. He received a grant of 700 acres (2. 8 km2) at Green Ponds. He received further grants in 1829 and also purchased or obtained leases on further land. Kemp was to become a leading figure among graziers, merchants, importers and shippers in the area. He bred sheep and according to his biographers, apparently helped pioneer the Tasmanian wool industry. He was also the first to import red deer into Tasmania. Kemp was a director and also a one time president of the Van Diemen's Land Bank and he set up various mercantile and shipping businesses. In that year, Kemp was appointed a justice of the peace (commonly known as a magistrate at the time). Kemp was involved in a series of quarrels with Lieutenant Governors Thomas Davey and William Sorell. He circulated notice around the settlement that Sorell was living with a married woman (which he was). He later wrote to Lord Bathurst, as well as the Bishop of London, and also Lachlan Macquarie about these matters. Eventually, Sorell suspended Kemp and made a report to Macquarie. Macquarie eventually confirmed that suspension, but cautioned Sorell not to take Kemp to a court of law. Macquarie said to Sorell that if the ""wily and obsessive"" Kemp's economic interests were threatened, Kemp was likely to react with ""explosive violence"". Kemp was a critic of Sorell, but Kemp later changed his mind. It may have been when one of Kemp's daughters married one of Sorell's sons. Or, it could have been a realisation that the next lieutenant-governor might not be as generous with land grants. Kemp was even to become the chair of a committee of petitioners to have Sorell's term extended, but this petition was declined by London. Kemp continued to have run-ins with the next Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur. Kemp was re-appointed a justice of the peace by the next lieutenant-governor John Franklin in 1837. Kemp's wife Elizabeth died in October 1865 aged 79. Kemp lived to the age of 95, dying at Sandy Bay on 28 October 1868. He was buried in St George's Church of England cemetery. The area in Sydney where Kemp's first land grant was made is now known as Kemps Creek. The area in Van Diemen's Land where Kemp settled was renamed Kempton in 1840, whilst the name Green Ponds is still retained as a municipality name in the area. Kemp is sometimes referred to as the ""Father of Tasmania"". This is said to be an allusion to the number of children and grandchildren that he had that married into Tasmanian society.",0
Knights_of_the_Underground_Table,"Knights_of_the_Underground_Table  2008-01-04T07:47:53Z   Knights of the Underground Table is the debut album by the Australian hip hop group Def Wish Cast. It was released in 1992 on CD and cassette by Random Records. Group members Def Wish and Sereck designed the Def Wish Cast logo that appears on the album artwork. Although the album varies in musical style, it mostly consists of gangsta and ragga hip hop. Throughout the album, the group make various references to Sydney landmarks (such as the Sydney Opera House) and areas such as Penrith, Parramatta, Mt Druitt and St. Marys of Western Sydney. The album also samples segments of Star Wars. All turntablism is by DJ Vame. ,  Knights_of_the_Underground_Table  2009-02-12T13:25:57Z   Knights of the Underground Table is the debut album by the Australian hip hop group Def Wish Cast. It was released in 1993 on CD and cassette by Random Records. Group members Def Wish and Sereck designed the Def Wish Cast logo that appears on the album artwork. It is one of the first full length Australian Hip Hop albums. Although the album varies in musical style, it mostly consists of gangsta and ragga hip hop. Throughout the album, the group make various references to Sydney landmarks (such as the Sydney Opera House) and areas such as Penrith, Parramatta, Mt Druitt and St. Marys of Western Sydney. The album directly samples segments of Star Wars and various horror films. All turntablism is by DJ Vame.",0
Andy Samberg,"Andy Samberg  2014-01-02T17:23:31Z  Andrew David ""Andy"" Samberg (born August 18, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, rapper and member of the comedy group The Lonely Island. He is known as a cast member on Saturday Night Live (2005–2012), where they have been credited with popularizing the SNL Digital Shorts, the comical short films and music videos starring Samberg and other members of the SNL cast. He also starred in Hot Rod, I Love You, Man, Hotel Transylvania, That's My Boy, and Celeste and Jesse Forever. Samberg was born in Berkeley, California. His mother, Marjorie ""Margi"" (née Marrow), is an elementary school teacher, and his father, Joe, is a photographer. He has two sisters, Johanna and Darrow. His family is Jewish, and his maternal grandfather, industrial psychologist and philanthropist Alfred J. Marrow, served as the executive chair of the American Jewish Congress. Samberg has described himself as ""not particularly religious."" He is a third cousin of U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin (their maternal grandfathers were first cousins). Samberg discovered Saturday Night Live as a child, while sneaking past his parents to watch professional wrestling on television. He became obsessed with the show, and his devotion to comedy was frustrating to teachers who felt he was unfocused on his schoolwork. Samberg graduated from Berkeley High School in 1996, where he became interested in creative writing, and has stated: "" were the ones that I put all my effort into...that's what I cared about and that's what I ended up doing."" He attended college at University of California, Santa Cruz, for two years before transferring to New York University, from which he graduated in 2000. After five years of dating, Samberg announced his engagement to musician Joanna Newsom in February 2013 and they married on September 21, 2013 in Big Sur, California. He majored in experimental film, where he starred as ""Monkey"" in the music video for James Kochalka's song ""Monkey vs. Robot"". Before joining the late night comedy show SNL, Samberg was a YouTube and Internet star. He first began making comedy videos with his two friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone. When YouTube was created in 2005, the streaming of their videos became much more widespread over the Internet. ""With respect to some of these YouTube stars, Hollywood talent agencies have recognized the revenue potential of these entertainers and are signing them into development deals."" He became a featured player on the show in part because of the work he'd done on his own sketch comedy website TheLonelyIsland.com. that helped them land an agent and eventually get hired at SNL. Prior to joining its cast, Samberg was (and remains) a member of the comedy troupe The Lonely Island (along with Jorma Taccone and Akiva Schaffer). The trio began writing for Saturday Night Live in 2005 and released their debut album, Incredibad, in 2009. Samberg has appeared in numerous theatrical films, commercials, music videos and has hosted special events, including the 2009 MTV Movie Awards. In 2012, Samberg delivered the Class Day speech at Harvard University. In September 2012, he plays Dale Ashbrick in a BBC Three comedy show, Cuckoo. He starred with Adam Sandler twice in That's My Boy and Hotel Transylvania. Samberg stars in a new comedy police show, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, which premiered on the FOX network on September 17, 2013. In September 2005, Samberg joined SNL as a featured player along with his two friends as the show's writing staff. Though his live sketch roles were limited in his first year, he appeared in many prerecorded sketches including commercial parodies and various other filmed segments. On December 17, 2005, he and Chris Parnell starred in the Digital Short show ""Lazy Sunday"", a nerdcore hip hop song performed by two Manhattanites on a quest to see the film The Chronicles of Narnia. The short quickly became an Internet phenomenon and garnered Samberg significant media and public attention, as did ""Dick in a Box,"" a duet with Justin Timberlake that won a Creative Arts Emmy for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics. His comedy troupe's collaboration with T-Pain, the ""I'm on a Boat"" music video, had over 56 million views on YouTube after debuting on February 7, 2009, and was nominated for a Grammy Award. Another digital short, ""Motherlover"" (also featuring Timberlake), was released on May 10, 2009 (to commemorate Mother's Day), and is a sequel of ""Dick in a Box."" Outside of his prerecorded segments, he also participated in recurring live segments, such as his Blizzard Man sketch. On June 1, 2012, Samberg's spokesperson announced that he had left the show. ,  Andy Samberg  2015-12-26T08:56:11Z  Andrew ""Andy"" Samberg (born August 18, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, singer, and rapper. He is a member of the comedy group The Lonely Island and was a cast member on Saturday Night Live (2005–2012), where he and his fellow group members have been credited with popularizing the SNL Digital Shorts. Samberg has starred in films, such as Hot Rod, I Love You, Man, That's My Boy, Celeste and Jesse Forever and Hotel Transylvania. He currently stars in the workplace sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine, for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 2014. He hosted the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2015. Samberg was born in Berkeley, California His mother, Marjorie ""Margi"" (née Marrow), is an elementary school teacher, and his father, Joe, is a photographer. He has two sisters, Johanna and Darrow. His family is Jewish, and his maternal grandfather, industrial psychologist and philanthropist Alfred J. Marrow, served as the executive chair of the American Jewish Congress. Samberg has described himself as ""not particularly religious"". He is a third cousin of U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin (their maternal grandfathers were first cousins). Samberg discovered Saturday Night Live as a child, while sneaking past his parents to watch professional wrestling on television. He was obsessed with the show and his devotion to comedy was frustrating to teachers who felt he was distracted from his schoolwork. Samberg graduated from Berkeley High School in 1996, where he became interested in creative writing and has stated: "" were the ones that I put all my effort into... that's what I cared about and that's what I ended up doing."" He attended college at University of California, Santa Cruz, for two years before transferring to New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where he graduated in 2000. Samberg majored in experimental film, including the music video for James Kochalka's song ""Monkey vs. Robot"" as Monkey. He became a YouTube and internet star and made his own comedy videos with his two friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone. When YouTube was created in 2005, the streaming of their videos became much more widespread over the internet. Samberg became a featured player on the show in part because of the work he had done on his own sketch comedy website TheLonelyIsland.com. that helped them land an agent and eventually get hired at SNL. Prior to joining its cast, Samberg was (and remains) a member of the comedy troupe The Lonely Island (along with Taccone and Schaffer). The trio began writing for Saturday Night Live in 2005 and released their debut album, Incredibad in 2009. Samberg appeared in numerous theatrical films, commercials, music videos and hosted special events, including the 2009 MTV Movie Awards. In 2012, Samberg delivered the Class Day speech at Harvard University, and starred with Adam Sandler in That's My Boy and Hotel Transylvania (a role he reprised in 2015's Hotel Transylvania 2). In September 2012, Samberg played Dale Ashbrick in the BBC Three series Cuckoo and now stars as detective Jake Peralta in FOX's police sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine which first aired on September 17, 2013, for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 2014. Samberg hosted the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2015, during which in his opening monologue, he referred to U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump as possibly being racist, telling the studio and television audience ""Well, I've gotta say, sure, Donald Trump seems racist. Let's see what else?"" and U.S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders as having an unkempt appearance: ""Is it just me or does Bernie Sanders always seem like his flight is delayed? Guy’s a mess!"" In September 2005, Samberg joined Saturday Night Live as a featured player along with his two friends as the show's writing staff. Though his live sketch roles were limited in his first year, he appeared in many prerecorded sketches including commercial parodies and various other filmed segments. On December 17, 2005, he and Chris Parnell starred in the Digital Short show ""Lazy Sunday"", a hip hop song performed by two Manhattanites on a quest to see the film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. The short quickly became an Internet phenomenon and garnered Samberg significant media and public attention, as did ""Dick in a Box,"" a duet with Justin Timberlake that won a Creative Arts Emmy for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics. His comedy troupe's collaboration with T-Pain, the ""I'm on a Boat"" music video had over 56 million views on YouTube, after debuting on February 7, 2009 and was nominated for a Grammy Award. Another digital short, ""Motherlover"" (also featuring Timberlake) was released on May 10, 2009 (to commemorate Mother's Day) and is a sequel of ""Dick in a Box."" Outside of his prerecorded segments, he also participated in recurring live segments, such as his Blizzard Man sketch. On June 1, 2012, Samberg's spokesperson announced that he had left the show. He returned to the show as the host on the Season 39 finale in 2014. After five years of dating, Samberg proposed to musician Joanna Newsom in February 2013 and they married on September 21, 2013 in Big Sur, California. Samberg's Saturday Night Live co-star Seth Meyers served as groomsman at the wedding. In March 2014, Samberg and Newsom purchased the estate Moorcrest in Beachwood Canyon, Los Angeles, which in the 1920s was owned by the parents of actress Mary Astor and prior to that was rented by Charlie Chaplin. Samberg has described himself as a ""superfan"" of Newsom's music and they first met at one of her concerts. Week  Emmy hosts",1
Jean_B._Cryor,"Jean_B._Cryor  2009-11-04T04:08:59Z   Jean B. Cryor (December 13, 1938 to November 3, 2009, born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates for District 15, which covers a portion of Montgomery County, Maryland, and later sat on the Montgomery County Planning Board as the lone Republican, by appointment from June 2007 until the time of her death from cancer. Delegate Cryor was first elected in 1993 when all three sitting delegates did not run for reelection in the 1993 election. She served for 12 years until 2007, when she was defeated by Craig L. Rice, an election which saw many Republicans voted out of office nationwide. She was the last elected Republican in the Maryland General Assembly serving Montgomery County. Delegate Cryor attended Convent of the Sacred Heart in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. She later graduated from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1979, she graduated from Loyola College in Maryland with her M. B. A. Delegate Cryor is a former writer and worked as an editor and publisher of the Gazette Newspapers. She is the co-founder of TACKLE, a group established to fight the Baltimore stadium funding, 1996. In 2000, she was selected as a delegate for the Republican Party National Convention. In addition to her delegate work, she is a board member of the Jewish Foundation for Group Homes. She is also on the board for Convent of the Sacred Heart and the Potomac Theater Company. Delegate Cryor has won several awards over her career, including first prize for Investigative Reporting by the Maryland Society of Professional Journalists in 1993. She was also awarded Citizen of the Year by Almanac Newspapers. In 2000 she was elected Legislator of the Year by the Maryland Retailers Association. In 2002, she was Businessperson of the Year according to the Maryland Business for Responsive Government. She was also named a Hero of the Taxpayer by the Maryland Taxpayers Association. In 2002, she was many awards including the award for Building the Bridge to Educational Excellence in Maryland Public Schools by the State Board of Education, Legislator of the Year by the Childhood Brain Tumor Foundation and Registry of Maryland, and the Thornton Commission Award by the State Board of Education. Additionally, she has voted as one of Maryland's Top 100 Women by the Daily Record in 2003 and again in 2006, the Woman of Achievement Award by the Suburban Maryland Business and Professional Women Association in 2005, and finally she received a Lifetime Service Award from the Potomac Chamber of Commerce in 2006. While in the House of Delegates, Cryor was a member of the following committees: Ways and Means Committee from 1995 until 2007, the Conference committee on taxes in 1996, the Joint Committee on Community College Funding in 1996, the Rules and Executive Nominations Committee from 2004 until 2007, and the Legislative Policy Committee from 2005 until 2007. Furthermore, she also served on the Special Committee on State Employee Rights and Protections from 2005 until 2007, and the House Facilities Committee from 2005 until 2007. She was a member of the Steering Committee for the House Republican Caucus for ten years starting in 1997, the County Affairs Committee, and the Montgomery County Delegation. Finally, she was on the Executive Board of the Women Legislators of Maryland from 2006 until 2007, serving as president-elect from 2003-04 and president from 2004 until 2005. At the time of her death, Cryor was an active member of the Montgomery County Planning Board. Her passing came right before a cusp of significant decisions regarding ""Master Plan"" revisions in Montgomery County, such as the proposed ""Gaithersburg West"" and ""Science City"" development proposals. ,  Jean_B._Cryor  2011-07-16T20:28:44Z   Jean B. Cryor (December 13, 1938 – November 3, 2009) was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates for District 15, which covers a portion of Montgomery County, Maryland, and later sat on the Montgomery County Planning Board as one of two Republicans, by appointment from June 2007 until the time of her death from cancer. She was born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cryor was first elected in 1993 when two of the three sitting delegates did not run for reelection in the 1993 election. She served for 12 years until 2007, when she was defeated by Craig L. Rice by 152 votes, an election which saw many Republicans voted out of office nationwide. She was the last elected Republican in the Maryland General Assembly serving Montgomery County. She married Daniel J. Cryor (1933–1978) November 21, 1959. She has three daughters: Allison, Jennifer and Deirdre. Cryor attended Convent of the Sacred Heart in Overbrook, Pennsylvania, now located in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. She attended the University of Pennsylvania. In 1979, she graduated from Loyola College in Maryland with her M. B. A. Cryor was a former writer, editor and publisher of the Gazette Newspapers and a reporter with the Philadelphia Bulletin. In 2000, she was selected as a delegate for the Republican Party National Convention. In addition to her delegate work, she was a board member of BlackRock Center for the Arts, the Jewish Foundation for Group Homes . She was also on the board for Convent of the Sacred Heart and the Potomac Theater Company . Cryor has won several awards over her career, including first prize for Investigative Reporting by the Maryland Society of Professional Journalists in 1993. She was also awarded Citizen of the Year by Almanac Newspapers. In 2000 she was elected Legislator of the Year by the Maryland Retailers Association . In 2002, she was Businessperson of the Year according to the Maryland Business for Responsive Government . She was also named a Hero of the Taxpayer by the Maryland Taxpayers Association . In 2002, she was many awards including the award for Building the Bridge to Educational Excellence in Maryland Public Schools by the State Board of Education, Legislator of the Year by the Childhood Brain Tumor Foundation and Registry of Maryland, and the Thornton Commission Award by the State Board of Education. Additionally, she has voted as one of Maryland's Top 100 Women by the Daily Record in 2003 and again in 2006, the Woman of Achievement Award by the Suburban Maryland Business and Professional Women Association in 2005, and finally she received a Lifetime Service Award from the Potomac Chamber of Commerce in 2006. While in the House of Delegates, Cryor was a member of the following committees: Ways and Means Committee from 1995 until 2007, the Conference committee on taxes in 1996, the Joint Committee on Community College Funding in 1996, the Rules and Executive Nominations Committee from 2004 until 2007, and the Legislative Policy Committee from 2005 until 2007. Furthermore, she also served on the Special Committee on State Employee Rights and Protections from 2005 until 2007, and the House Facilities Committee from 2005 until 2007. She was a member of the Steering Committee for the House Republican Caucus for ten years starting in 1997, the County Affairs Committee, and the Montgomery County Delegation. Finally, she was on the Executive Board of the Women Legislators of Maryland from 2006 until 2007, serving as president-elect from 2003–04 and president from 2004 until 2005. At the time of her death, Cryor was a Commissioner on the Montgomery County Planning Board. She also served as a Commissioner of the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission. Template:Persondata",0
South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990–1997),"South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990–1997)  2007-11-23T04:28:55Z   The South Armagh Sniper is the generic name given to the sniping campaign conducted by members of the IRA in South Armagh against British Security forces from 1990 to 1997. Back to the 1970s, sniping was one of the preferred tactics of the IRA in Northern Ireland. One of its leaders, Seán Mac Stíofáin, supported the use of snipers in his book Memories of a Revolutionary, attracted by the policy of one shot, one kill. Indeed, about 180 British soldiers, RUC and Prison staff members were slain in this way from 1971 to 1991. Some 70 members of paramilitary organisations and civilians were also killed by sharpshooters. During the 1980s, the IRA purchased a huge amount of weaponry both from Libya and from USA. The shippings from America included at least four Barret . 50 long range rifles, which would become the best known asset of the South Armagh snipers. Three of the security forces members killed in this campaign were the victims of 7. 62 mm rounds. Five missed shots belonged to the same kind of weapon. Contrary to the widely spread belief, there was not just a single sniper involved. According to Toby Harnden, there were two different teams, one responsible for the east area of South Armagh, the other for the west. Each team comprised at least of four members, not counting those in charge of support activities, such as scouting for targets and driving vehicles. There were 24 shots fired on British forces between 1990 and 1997. The first eight operations (1990-1992), ended in misses. Only by July 1992 the South Armagh Sniper found its mark, killing a Light Infantry soldier. By April 1997, nine servicemen, seven from the Army and two from the RUC, had been killed. An RUC constable lost his leg. Another six rounds achieved nothing, albeit two of them struck the patrol boat HMS Cygnet, at Carlingford lough, with no casualties. Usually, the marksman fired from a distance of less than 300 meters, despite the 1 km range of the gun. Sixteen operations were carried out from the rear of a van, with the sniper protected by an armour plate just in case the patrols returned fire. The cease fire put in place by the IRA on August 1, 1994, gave an opportunity to the British to collect some intelligence about the “modus operandi” of the snipers. Aware of that, the South Armagh Brigade volunteers foresaw that any further operations could be compromised if the truce came to an end. When the IRA reluctantly broke the cease fire by bombing the London Docklands on March 1996, the organization made clear that operations in Northern Ireland would be restrained, in order to avoid a return to a full scale violence. This policy was aimed to leave an open door for a second cease fire, while awaiting a political gesture from London and Dublin. This restrictions hampered the snipers activity. In fact, after two successful attacks (1997), an SAS unit arrested the ASU responsible for several of the attacks. One of the IRA volunteers captured, Michael Caraher, also a Sinn Fein member, was the brother of Fergal Caraher, also with strong Republican links, slain by Royal Marines at a checkpoint in 1990. He was though to be the trigger man in several attacks, but he was only indicted for the case of the maimed constable. Other three South Armagh Brigade men were convicted in 1999. All of them were set free 18 months later, under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. The second sniper party was never caught. The IRA sniping activities further restricted the freedom of movement of the British Army in South Armagh by hindering their patrols operations. The soldiers were forced to wear heavy body armour, too heavy for a long march and too much expensive. The moral was also so low that some servicemen had to be disciplined for remaining in shelter while under orders of checking vehicles Until the 1994 ceasefire, even the SAS was unable to prevent the attacks. The truce between 1994 and 1996 made security surveillance less difficult for the RUC. This led eventually to the success against the Caraher team. Nevertheless, by the second IRA cease fire, another skillfull team was still on the run, and two Barret rifles unnacounted for. The Highway Code style sign of Sniper at work, mounted by the IRA near Crossmaglen became an icon of the Republican cause. ,  South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990–1997)  2009-04-13T16:14:26Z   1980s 1990s The South Armagh Sniper is the generic name given to the members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army's South Armagh Brigade who conducted a sniping campaign against British security forces from 1990 to 1997. The campaign is most notable for the snipers' use of . 50-caliber Barrett M82 and M90 long-range rifles in some of the shootings. One of the historical leaders of the group, Seán Mac Stíofáin, supported the use of snipers in his book Memories of a Revolutionary, attracted by the motto 'one shot, one kill'. The majority of soldiers shot dead in 1972, the bloodiest year of the conflict in Northern Ireland, were, in effect, victims of IRA snipers. . About 180 British soldiers, RUC and prison staff members were killed in this way from 1971 to 1991. The AR-18 Armalite rifle became the weapon of choice for IRA members at this time. Meanwhile, the British Army assessment about Operation Banner asserts that the IRA sniping skills often didn't match those expected from a well trained sniper. The report identifies four different patterns of small arms attacks during the IRA campaign, the last being that developed by the South Armagh sniper units. During the 1980s, the IRA relied mostly on weaponry smuggled from Libya. The regular shipments from America, once the main source of arms for the Republicans through the gun running operations of George Harrison, were disrupted after he was arrested by the FBI in 1981. The smuggling scheme suffered a further blow when the Fenit-based trawler Marita Ann, with a huge arms cache from Boston, was captured by the Irish Naval Service in 1985. However, between the mid-1980s and the 1990s there was some small-scale activity, leading to the purchase of US made Barrett M82 and M90 rifles, which became usual weapons for the South Armagh snipers. According to letters seized by American federal authorities from a Dundalk IRA member, Martin Quigley, who had travelled to USA to study computing at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, the organisation managed to smuggle an M82 to Ireland just before his arrest in 1989. He was part of a bigger plot to import electronic devices to defeat British Army countermeasures. In August 1986, another M82 had been sent in pieces from Chicago to Dublin, where the rifle was re-assembled. At least two of the M90 rifles were bought as recently as six months after the first IRA ceasefire. It was part of a batch of two sold to Michael Suárez, a Cuban resident of Cleveland on 27 January 1995 by a firearms dealer; Suárez later passed the weapons to an Irishman, who finally shipped the rifles, their ammunition and two telescopic sights to the Republic. An unidentified IRA volunteer, quoted by Toby Harnden, said that: ""What's special about the Barrett is the huge kinetic energy. . . The bullet can just walk through a flak jacket. South Armagh was the prime place to use such weapon because of the availability of Brits. They came to dread it and that was part of its effectiveness. ""Three of the security forces members killed in this campaign were instead the victims of 7. 62x51 mm rounds. Five missed shots belonged to the same kind of weapon. Harnden recalls a Belgian FN FAL rifle recovered by the Gardaí near Inniskeen in 1998 as the possible source of those attacks. Contrary to the first British army assessment, or the speculations of the press,there was not just a single sniper involved. According to Harnden, there were two different teams, one responsible for the east part of South Armagh, around Drumintee, the other for the west, in the area surrounding Cullyhanna. Each team comprised at least four members, not counting those in charge of support activities, such as scouting for targets and driving vehicles. Military officials claim that the Drumintee-based squad deployed up to 20 volunteers in some of the sniping missions. The ASUs made good use of dead ground in order to conceal themselves from Army observation posts. Between 1990 and 1997, 24 shots were fired at British forces. The first eight operations (1990–1992), ended in misses. In August 1992, the team mortally wounded a Light Infantry soldier. By April 1997, nine servicemen, seven from the Army and two from the RUC, had been killed. An RUC constable almost lost one of his legs in what became the last sniper attack during the Troubles. Another six rounds achieved nothing, albeit two of them near-missed the patrol boat HMS Cygnet, at Carlingford Lough. The marksman usually fired from a distance of less than 300 metres, despite the 1 km effective range of the rifles. Sixteen operations were carried out from the rear of a vehicle, with the sniper protected by an armour plate in case the patrols returned fire. Two different sources include in the campaign two incidents which happened outside South Armagh; one in Fermanagh, the other in West Belfast, in June 1993. An RUC investigation following the latter shooting led to the discovery of one of the Barrett M82 hidden in a derelict house. It was later determined that this rifle was also the weapon responsible for the first soldier killing in 1992. The tabloid press of that time starting calling the sniper Goldfinger or Terminator, the nicknames current in Crossmaglen's bars. The last serviceman killed by snipers at South Armagh, Lance Bombardier Stephen Restorick, was also, at the time, the last British soldier to die during The Troubles, on 12 February 1997. The ceasefire put in place by the IRA on 31 August 1994, gave an opportunity to the British to collect intelligence from the local community to be used against the snipers. The truce was strongly resented by South Armagh IRA members. Even when the ceasefire was still ongoing, an alleged member of the Drumintee squad, Kevin Donegan, was captured by a RUC patrol in relation with the 1994 murder of a postal worker in the course of an armed robbery. When the IRA broke the cease fire by bombing the London Docklands in February 1996, some volunteers had already abandoned the organisation, while others had given up to criminal activities. Indeed, the period after the ceasefire shows little IRA activity in South Armagh. Following two successful attacks in 1997, an SAS unit arrested the ASU based in the west of the region and responsible for several deaths. After a brief fist fight, James McCardle, Michael Caraher, Bernard McGinn and Martin Minnes were arrested in a farm near Freeduff by the SAS. The British troops were under strict orders to avoid IRA casualties. A Barrett M90 rifle was seized, which forensic and intelligence reports linked only to the 1997 shootings. It was hinted that there was an informer, a suggestion dismissed by the Ombudsman report. One of the IRA volunteers captured, Michael Caraher, was the brother of Fergal Caraher, a Sinn Féin member killed by Royal Marines at a checkpoint on 30 December 1990 near Cullyhanna. Michael, also shot and wounded, had lost a lung in the aftermath. Despite some witnesses claims that the shooting was unprovoked, the Marines involved were acquitted by Lord Chief Justice Hutton. Caraher was thought to be the shooter in several attacks, but he was only indicted for the case of the maimed constable. He was defended by solicitor Rosemary Nelson, later killed by the loyalist organisation Red Hand Defenders. . The other three ASU's men were convicted in 1999 for six killings, two of them unrelated to the sniping operations, that being the killings when one of the team's members, James McCardle, planted the bomb at Canary Wharf in 1996. The men were set free 18 months later under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. The Drumintee sniper party was never caught. The IRA sniping activities further restricted the freedom of movement of the British Army in South Armagh by hindering their patrols. The MoD issued a new type of body armour, which was both expensive (£4,000) and too heavy (32 lbs) for use on patrol. The morale of the troops was so low that some servicemen had to be disciplined for remaining in shelter while under orders to check vehicles. A British Major said that:""That meant that to some extent the IRA had succeeded in forcing troops off the ground and it made helicopters more vulnerable so we had to guard against using them too much. "" The IRA strategy also diverted a large amount of British security resources from routine operations to tackle the threat. Until the 1994 ceasefire, even the SAS was unable to prevent the attacks. However, the truce between 1994 and 1996 made security surveillance easier for the RUC and the Army. This led to the later success against the Caraher team. The security forces planned to set the ground for an SAS ambush by deploying a decoy patrol, but this counter-sniper operation failed twice. At the end, the sniper squad was tracked to a farm complex and arrested there. Nevertheless, by the second IRA ceasefire, another team was still on the run, and two Barrett rifles remained unaccounted for. The campaign is viewed as the most efficient overall IRA operation in Northern Ireland for this period. The Highway Code style sign Sniper at work, mounted by the IRA near Crossmaglen became an icon of the Republican cause. Category",0
Elections_in_Iowa,"Elections_in_Iowa  2009-11-03T21:34:10Z   The number of elections in Iowa varies from year to year. Presidential elections are held every four years. Since 1972, Iowa has been the first state to vote in presidential primaries, with their caucuses. As with presidential elections, gubernatorial elections are held every four years - but are staggered such that they are held on general elections independently of the presidential election. Members of the Iowa Senate are elected every four years, with half of the Senate elected at each general election; all members of the Iowa House of Representatives are elected every two years. Additionally, elections for various government officials, judicial retention elections, and elections on referenda occur as part of various elections in Iowa. In Iowa, a general election is held on Election Day during even-numbered years. In addition to the elections for the chief executive and legislature of the United States and of Iowa, general elections in Iowa include statewide elections for the Secretary of State, Auditor of State, Treasurer of State, Secretary of Agriculture, and Attorney General. Also included are judicial retention elections and proposed amendments to the Iowa Constitution, along with various local elections. In Iowa, various local officials are elected at the general election. However, school and city elections are not held during a general election, but at a different regularly scheduled time. Regular school elections are held on the second Tuesday in September during odd-numbered years. Regular city elections are held on Election Day during odd-numbered years. In Iowa, special elections may be held throughout the year to fill various governmental vacancies or to vote on ballot initiatives. Special elections are generally held on Tuesdays and may not generally be held on the same day as a general or local election. ,  Elections_in_Iowa  2011-04-08T22:11:05Z   The number of elections in Iowa varies from year to year. Presidential elections are held every four years. Since 1972, Iowa has been the first state to vote in presidential primaries, with their caucuses. As with presidential elections, gubernatorial elections are held every four years - but are staggered such that they are held on general elections independently of the presidential election. Members of the Iowa Senate are elected every four years, with half of the Senate elected at each general election; all members of the Iowa House of Representatives are elected every two years. Additionally, elections for various government officials, judicial retention elections, and elections on referenda occur as part of various elections in Iowa. In Iowa, a general election is held on Election Day during even-numbered years. In addition to the elections for the chief executive and legislature of the United States and of Iowa, general elections in Iowa include statewide elections for the Secretary of State, Auditor of State, Treasurer of State, Secretary of Agriculture, and Attorney General. Also included are judicial retention elections and proposed amendments to the Iowa Constitution, along with various local elections. In Iowa, various local officials are elected at the general election. However, school and city elections are not held during a general election, but at a different regularly scheduled time. Regular school elections are held on the second Tuesday in September during odd-numbered years. Regular city elections are held on Election Day during odd-numbered years. In Iowa, special elections may be held throughout the year to fill various governmental vacancies or to vote on ballot initiatives. Special elections are generally held on Tuesdays and may not generally be held on the same day as a general or local election.",0
Vladdo,"Vladdo  2009-09-16T02:51:15Z   Vladimir Flórez also known as Vladdo (born 1963 in Armenia, Quindío) is a Colombian cartoonist and political satirist. His work is published in the the Colombian weekly magazine Revista Semana and has received numerous journalistic awards including 3 National Journalistic Awards (Premio Nacional de Periodismo) and an Excellency Award (Premio de Excelencia) by the Inter American Press Association in the ""Cartoon"" category. He created his feminine character called Aleida in 1997. She is a harsh interpretation of the feminine behaviour who criticizes men and uses cynicism to make fun of herself. Her frames have many followers not only in Colombia but also in other Latin American countries as well as in the whole world. Vladdo runs monthly a satire newspaper called: ""Un Pasquín"", which is delivered for free. Vladdo has written three books of caricature and politics. Mis Memorias, 1989 Vladdografías, 1996 Lo mejor de lo peor, 2002 ,  Vladdo  2012-01-26T14:18:42Z   Vladimir Flórez also known as Vladdo (born 1963 in Armenia, Quindío) is a Colombian cartoonist and political satirist. His work is published in the Colombian weekly magazine Revista Semana and has received numerous journalistic awards including 3 National Journalistic Awards (Premio Nacional de Periodismo) and an Excellency Award (Premio de Excelencia) by the Inter American Press Association in the ""Cartoon"" category. He created his feminine character called Aleida in 1997. She is a harsh interpretation of the feminine behaviour who criticizes men and uses cynicism to make fun of herself. Her frames have many followers not only in Colombia but also in other Latin American countries as well as in the whole world. Vladdo runs the monthly satire newspaper ""Un Pasquín"", which is delivered for free. Vladdo has written three books of caricature and politics. Mis Memorias, 1989 Vladdografías, 1996 Lo mejor de lo peor, 2002 Template:Persondata  This profile of a cartoonist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Brisbane Broncos,"Brisbane Broncos  2010-01-03T19:28:11Z  The Brisbane Broncos are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. The Broncos play in Australasia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships and four minor premierships during their twenty-two years in competition, making them the league's most successful club over the past two decades. Brisbane have never been defeated in a grand final and, since 1991, have never failed to qualify for the finals. The Broncos have one of the largest fan bases in Australia with an average attendance of 34,587 in the 2009 NRL season and also records the highest annual revenue of all NRL clubs. They have also been named Australia's most popular and most watched football team of any code. The club was founded in 1988 as part of the New South Wales Rugby League premiership's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the Winfield Cup. The Broncos later became a dominant force in that competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the reunified National Rugby League competition of today. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located, but they play their home games at Milton's Suncorp Stadium. They are also the only publicly listed sporting club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). Queensland’s success in the 1980s' State of Origin, in addition to the inclusion of a Combined Brisbane team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane license, the Queensland Rugby League chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain Wally Lewis and former BRL coach Wayne Bennett. The team made their first grade debut 1988 against NSWRL premiers Manly-Warringah, defeating them 44-10, but after this promising start they failed to make the finals. In 1989 they won the midweek knockout competition, the Panasonic Cup. The club first tasted premiership success in 1992, and again in 1993, defeating the St. George Dragons in both years. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the first clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit. Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. Brisbane won the only Super League premiership in 1997, before winning the first National Rugby League trophy in the re-unified 1998 competition. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Allan Langer retired mid-season, perhaps as a result of the team's form. Despite the club's mid-season turnaround, which resulted in qualification for the finals after an 11-match winning streak, the team was eliminated by the Cronulla Sharks in the first week of the finals. However, the Broncos' rebounded in 2000 with their fifth premiership, defeating the Sydney Roosters. The game was the retirement of veterans Kevin Walters and Michael Hancock. Allan Langer returned to the club in 2002 for one season before eventually retiring. 2002 was also the beginning of Brisbane's ""post-Origin slump"", which has haunted the club in the years since. Many players represent Queensland in the State of Origin series and the extra workload has caused a loss of form for the club immediately after the series. The Broncos average about 7 players out for every Origin game. This was evidenced in 2003 when the ladder-leading Broncos lost 10 of their last 11 games. Despite faring better in 2004 and 2005, the team still struggled in the latter stages of the season, losing all of their finals matches. In 2006, after a strong early and mid-season performance, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. However, they reversed this run of form, winning 6 of their last 7 games including the premiership decider against the Melbourne Storm and keeping their perfect Grand Final record intact. After a dismal 2007 season in which they only scraped into the finals, coach Wayne Bennett announced he would leave at the end of 2008 after twenty-one years as coach. Ivan Henjak, a former rugby league player who had been assistant coach with the Broncos since the beginning of 2006, was named their second ever coach for the 2009 season. Current squad for the 2010 season. Scott Anderson – PR Gerard Beale – CE Israel Folau – WG Alex Glenn – CE Justin Hodges – CE Josh Hoffman – FB Ben Hunt – HB Denan Kemp – FB Nick Kenny – PR Kurtis Lingwoodock – PR Darren Lockyer – FE PJ Marsh – HK Andrew McCullough – HK Josh McGuire – PR Tim Natusch – PR Steven Michaels – CE Corey Parker – LK Lagi Setu – SR Ashton Sims – SR Tim Smith – HB Michael Spence – SR Ben Te'o – SR Sam Thaiday – SR Peter Wallace – HB Palmer Wapau – PR Antonio Winterstein – WG Jharal Yow Yeh – WG The representative playing list of the Brisbane Broncos has traditionally been extensive due to the club's premiership success and being the dominant Queensland team in the competition for the majority of its participation. Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20 man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20 year anniversary. Shaun Berrigan – CE Tonie Carroll – LK Petero Civoniceva – PR Michael De Vere – WG Andrew Gee – PR Michael Hancock – WG Chris Johns – CE Allan Langer – HB Glenn Lazarus – PR Wally Lewis – FE Darren Lockyer – FB Terry Matterson – LK Gene Miles – CE Steve Renouf – CE Wendell Sailor – WG Gorden Tallis – SR Brad Thorn – SR Kerrod Walters – HK Kevin Walters – FE Shane Webcke – PR The Brisbane Broncos are the most successful club in the history of the competition in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 65.80% of their games since their inception. This is more than 5% better than the second-placed club. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of six Grand Finals, winning each time, and have made the finals for the past sixteen seasons. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Current team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for the club. Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,138 since his debut in 1995. He also holds the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Steve Renouf holds the record for the most career tries for the club with 142. Renouf also shares the club record for the most number of tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008 breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48-12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf, Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and Israel Folau. Renouf achieved this feat five times from 1991 to 1998. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71-6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 56-0 loss by the Canberra Raiders on the 1st August 2009. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at Lang Park, the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust, the team relocated to ANZ Stadium in 1993. The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined, with the club failing, until 2002, to register more than the 1996 average of 23,712. With the Queensland Government's $280,000,000 redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract increasingly higher crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 52,255 set in the semi-final mtach of the 2008 season against the St. George Illawarra Dragons. The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club’s original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. WOW Sight and Sound are the major sponsors of the Broncos. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by 612 ABC Brisbane except if they play on Monday night, in which case 4MMM do so. Channel Nine Queensland also fully sponsors the Broncos, this is despite the fact former club legend Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears, the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favoured the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolising the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland State of Origin team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favour of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours - mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favour of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. The Brisbane Broncos are the best-supported team in the NRL. They consistently have the highest average home ground attendance. Official Sites Statistics & Information Sites,  Brisbane Broncos  2011-12-24T07:43:34Z  The Brisbane Broncos are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. Founded in 1988, the Broncos play in Australasia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships and two World Club Challenges. The Broncos have achieved four minor premierships during their 22 years in competition, making them the League's most successful club over the past two decades. Brisbane have never been defeated in a grand final, and between 1991 and 2009, never failed to qualify for the finals. In 2010, Brisbane finished 10th in the NRL premiership, failing to make the semi finals for the first time in 19 years. The club has the largest fan base in the NRL in Australia and has the highest average attendance of any rugby club in the world; 36,336 in the 2010 NRL season. They are also the most successful club in the history of Rugby League, having won 63% of their games since their induction in 1988. The club records the highest annual revenue of all NRL clubs and has been named one of Australia's most popular and most watched football team. The club was founded in 1988 as part of the Winfield Cup's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. The Broncos later became a dominant force in the competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the reunified National Rugby League competition. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located, but they play their home games at Milton's Suncorp Stadium. They are the only publicly listed sporting club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). Queensland’s success in the 1980s' State of Origin, the representative fixture between Queensland and New South Wales, in addition to the inclusion of a Combined Brisbane team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane license, the Queensland Rugby League chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain and former Sunnybank State High Student (Many Kinds of Excselance) Wally Lewis and former BRL coach Wayne Bennett. The team made their debut in the NSWRL's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership against reigning premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, and defeated them 44–10. However after this promising start they failed to make the finals. In their second season they won the mid-week knockout competition, the 1989 Panasonic Cup. The club first tasted premiership success in 1992, and again in 1993, defeating the St. George Dragons in both years. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the first clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit. Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. Brisbane won the only Super League premiership in 1997, before winning the first National Rugby League trophy in the re-unified 1998 competition. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Allan Langer retired mid-season, perhaps as a result of the team's form. Despite the club's mid-season turnaround, which resulted in qualification for the finals after an 11-match winning streak, the team was eliminated by the Cronulla Sharks in the first week of the finals. However, the Broncos' rebounded in 2000 with their fifth premiership, defeating the Sydney Roosters. The game marked the retirement of veterans Kevin Walters and Michael Hancock. Allan Langer returned to the club in 2002 for one season before eventually retiring. 2002 was also the beginning of Brisbane's ""post-Origin slump"", which has haunted the club in the years since. Many players represent Queensland in the State of Origin series, with 7 Broncos players on average included in the Queensland Origin team. This extra workload has caused a loss of form for the club immediately after the series, evidenced in 2003 when the ladder-leading Broncos lost 10 of their last 11 games. Despite faring better in 2004 and 2005, the team still struggled in the latter stages of the season, losing all of their finals matches. In 2006, after a strong early and mid-season performance, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. However, they reversed this run of form, winning 6 of their last 7 games including the premiership decider against the Melbourne Storm and keeping their perfect Grand Final record intact. After a dismal 2007 season in which they only scraped into the finals, coach Wayne Bennett announced he would leave at the end of 2008 after twenty-one years as coach. Ivan Henjak, a former rugby league player who had been assistant coach with the Broncos since the beginning of 2006, was named their second-ever coach, commencing as coach for the 2009 season. Their 2009 season included their worst-ever post-Origin slump, featuring three matches in a row where the opposing team scored more than 40 points, concluding with a 56–0 loss to Canberra on 1 August 2009. They rallied around and in their match against Penrith two rounds later, they won 58–24. This snapback (after Penrith, they won the rest of their games that season) got them into the finals for the 18th year running, but they fell against Melbourne in the 3rd preliminary final by 40–10. Their 2010 season started moderately: a 30–24 win against North Queensland, a 14–22 loss to Canberra, and a 48–16 hammering by the Warriors on 28 March 2010. On Monday 29 March, former Broncos player and recruitment agent Allan Langer was caught drink-driving in Brisbane's northside. Apart from a late season 10–6 win against eventual premiers St George Illawarra, the 2010 season was one to forget; with injuries and poor form seeing the Broncos out of the finals for the first time since 1991. The Broncos missing the finals now means that every club has missed the finals at least once since the 2002 season. In February 2011, it was announced Ivan Henjak was leaving the club, and Anthony Griffin would take over as coach for the 2011 Season. 2012 will mark the Broncos 25th season in the NRL competition. Head coach Assistant coaches Updated: 25 May 2011Source(s): Brisbane Broncos Squad, Coaching Profiles Due to the club's premiership success and its being the dominant Queensland team in the competition for the majority of its participation, the Brisbane Broncos' list of representative players is extensive. Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20 man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20 year anniversary. Updated: 9 May 2007Source(s): Broncos Name Legends Team The Paul Morgan Medal is awarded annually to the Brisbane Broncos' player of the year. it is named after one of the club's founders, Paul 'Porky' Morgan. The Brisbane Broncos are the most successful club in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 65.80% of their games. This is more than 5% better than the second-placed club. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of six Grand Finals, winning each time, and have made the finals for the past sixteen seasons. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Current team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for both the club and National League. Lockyer also holds the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,171 since his debut in 1995, and the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Steve Renouf holds the record for the most career tries for the club with 142. Renouf also shares the club record for the most number of tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008, breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48–12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf, Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and Israel Folau. Renouf achieved this feat five times from 1991 to 1998. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71–6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 56–0 loss by the Canberra Raiders on the 1 August 2009. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at Lang Park, the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust, the team relocated to ANZ Stadium in 1993. The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined and it was not until 2002 that the club again registered more than the 1996 average attendance of 23,712. With the Queensland Government's $280,000,000 redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract larger crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 50,255 set in the semi-final match of the 2008 season, against the St. George Illawarra Dragons. Before kick-off at the Stadium an instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's ""Kashmir"" is routinely played. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears, the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favoured the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolising the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland State of Origin team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favour of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours – mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favour of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. The Brisbane broncos have the largest fan base of any NRL club and they have been voted the most popular rugby league team in Australia for several years. A Broncos supporters group called ""The Thoroughbreds"" which is made up of prominent businessmen, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase News Ltd's controlling share of the club in 2007. The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club’s original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. NRMA Insurance are the major sponsors of the Broncos as of 2011, replacing WOW Sight & Sound. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by 612 ABC Brisbane except if they play on Monday night, in which case 4MMM do so. Channel Nine Queensland also sponsors the Broncos, although former player Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. Official Sites Statistics & Information Sites  GA",1
Red Sonja,"Red Sonja  2015-01-19T09:45:42Z  Red Sonja, the She-Devil with a Sword, is a fictional character, a high fantasy sword and sorcery heroine created by Roy Thomas and Barry Windsor-Smith, and loosely based on Red Sonya of Rogatino in Robert E. Howard's 1934 short story ""The Shadow of the Vulture"". She first appeared in the Marvel Comics book Conan the Barbarian #23 (February 1973). Red Sonja became the archetypal fantasy figure of a fierce and beautiful female barbarian. She was ranked first in Comics Buyer's Guide's ""100 Sexiest Women in Comics"" list. At the 2013 Emerald City Comic Con, Dynamite announced that Gail Simone would be writing a new ongoing Red Sonja series. Simone noted in further interviews that her version is slightly ""rebooted,"" showing the character's beginnings. Issue #1 of Simone's run was released in July 2013, and reviews were positive. As of February 2014, the series had run seven issues, with the first six collected in a trade paperback. Red Sonja's origin story, ""The Day of the Sword"", first appeared in Kull and the Barbarians #3 (September 1975) by Roy Thomas, Doug Moench, and Howard Chaykin. The same story was later redrawn by Dick Giordano and Terry Austin for The Savage Sword of Conan, issue 78 (July 1982). In this story, Red Sonja lives with her family in a humble house in the Western Hyrkanian steppes (this seems to be in modern Ukraine/Russia though historical Hyrcania on the borders of modern Iran/Turkmenistan). When she is just 17, a group of mercenaries kills her family and burns down their house. Sonja attempts to defend herself, but can't lift her brother's sword. She is brutally raped by the leader of the group. Answering her cry for revenge, the red goddess Scáthach appears to her, and gives her incredible fighting skills, on the condition that she never lie with a man unless he defeats her in fair combat. In the Dynamite comic book series by Michael Avon Oeming, Sonja's origins are portrayed in ""flashbacks"" within each issue beginning with issue #8. The goddess makes her first appearance in this series in issue #12, which also marks the return of the deadly sorcerer Kulan Gath. In the Dynamite series by Gail Simone, Sonja's origins are again told in flashbacks. Sonja is a young teenager in a Hyrkanian village which is attacked by bandits. After her family is killed, Sonja lures the bandits into the forest and kills them one by one. No goddess appears in this version, and Sonja makes no vow of chastity. While she is threatened by the bandits, she is neither raped nor seriously injured. Another set of flashbacks shows Sonja as an adult, and indicates that she learned many of her fighting skills from a fellow prisoner when she was captured and forced to fight as a gladiator. The original Sonja is killed off in issue #34 of the first Dynamite series. Instead, a new character of the same name, described as a reincarnation of Red Sonja, takes her place from issue #35 onward. In her new life, Sonja is described as a distant relative of the original Red Sonja, taking her name as a good omen, since Sonja had come to be known as the most beautiful and fearless woman in Hyrkania. A noblewoman, this incarnation lives a fairly sheltered existence, along with her sister Verona and her little niece, longing for a child of her own and waiting for the return of her distant husband, Lord Daniel. Eventually she is reunited with her husband, but then a pirate crew (unbeknownst to them called upon by Verona's husband, Lord Lucan, in a bid for more power) slays him and leaves Sonja on the brink of death. Sonja is then nursed to health by Osin, in Sonja's previous life a bard companion and now a gruff swordsman, who accepted the curse of Claw the Unconquered for himself in exchange for the ability to locate and train the new incarnation of Red Sonja. Osin begins her training. He and Sonja find that, even though she has occasional flashes of her former reflexes, she no longer has access to the full might of the skills bestowed by Scathach (now an almost forgotten goddess with waning powers) in her previous life. Despite this, Sonja is able to learn faster than Osin expects. She decides to seek revenge covertly, joining Lucan's pirate crew to be closer to Daniel's assassins. Red Sonja was loosely based on Red Sonya of Rogatino, a character from Robert E. Howard's short story ""The Shadow of the Vulture"" (The Magic Carpet, January 1934). Red Sonya, was a sword-and-pistol-wielding supporting character of the late Renaissance. Roy Thomas rewrote ""The Shadow of the Vulture"" as a Conan story for Marvel Comics' Conan the Barbarian #23 (1973). Thomas also based Red Sonja on another Howard character, Dark Agnes de Chastillon, a sword woman in 16th-century France. Most artists depict Red Sonja wearing a very brief bikini-like costume of scale mail, usually with boots and gauntlets. As originally drawn by Barry Smith for ""The Shadow of the Vulture"" and ""The Song of Red Sonja"" in Conan the Barbarian issues 23 and 24 (1973), she did not have as full a figure and dressed a little more conservatively, in a long-sleeved mail shirt and short pants of red silk, a style that did not last long. As told by Roy Thomas in the introduction of Red Sonja Adventures Volume 1 (Dynamite Entertainment) Spanish artist Esteban Maroto submitted an uncommissioned illustration to him when he was editing the magazine Savage Sword of Conan where he redesigned the character and for the first time showed her wearing what would become her famous costume, the silver ""metal bikini"", which resembled other fantasy costumes that other Maroto heroines sported in the 1970s. This illustration had been printed for the first time in Jim Steranko's magazine Comixscene #5 in black and white. It was reprinted in Savage Sword of Conan #1, and in Marvel Treasury Edition #15 colored but poorly reproduced, and finally restored and colored by José Villarrubia as an alternative cover for the Dynamite Entertainment edition of Red Sonja #2. Maroto drew her in this costume for a double page spread illustration in Savage Tales #3 and then for her first solo adventure in Savage Sword of Conan #1, and John Buscema drew her in this costume in the same magazine. Buscema drew her again in this costume in issues 43, 44 and 48 of Conan the Barbarian (1974) and Dick Giordano in the first issue of Marvel Feature (1975) before Frank Thorne took over from issue 2 (1976). The ""bikini"" proved popular, becoming well known through the paintings of Boris Vallejo and others. And with Marvel Feature #4 was reprinted in the book The Superhero Women edited by Stan Lee. Red Sonja was featured arching among many of Marvel's female characters on the cover painted by John Romita, Sr. Sonja has been featured in several novels by David C. Smith and Richard L. Tierney with covers by Boris Vallejo: The character was played by Brigitte Nielsen in the 1985 film Red Sonja, which also starred Arnold Schwarzenegger as High Lord Kalidor (originally intended to be Conan). The film was directed by Richard Fleischer. Actress Rose McGowan was originally intended to portray Sonja in 2010's Red Sonja film, but these plans were squelched by injuries that permanently damaged the mobility and strength of her right arm. In a February 2011 interview, film producer Avi Lerner stated that Simon West was hired to direct the film and also mentioned Amber Heard as the frontrunner to star in the lead role. Angelica Bridges portrayed the character in the ""Red Sonja"" episode of the 1997 - 1998 TV series Conan. On June 6, 2006, comic news site Newsarama reported that Red Sonja, LLC (which holds rights to the Roy Thomas version of the character) filed a lawsuit on four counts against Paradox Entertainment (which claims rights to Red Sonya as part of the Howard library, though no renewal record for The Shadow of the Vulture exists) in US Federal Court in April 2006. The four counts are claims of copyright infringement, trademark infringement, trademark dilution, and unfair competition. The lawsuit was settled in January 2008, on the second day of the hearing, for a sum of $1 each. Red Sonja LLC paid $1 to Paradox for the rights to Howard's Red Sonya and permission for the Red Sonja stories to continue being set in Conan's Hyborian Age. Paradox simultaneously paid $1 to Red Sonja LLC for the exclusive print-publication rights for The Shadow of the Vulture now that one of the characters belongs to Red Sonja LLC. ,  Red Sonja  2016-12-29T08:19:40Z  Red Sonja, the She-Devil with a Sword, is a fictional character, a sword and sorcery comicbook heroine created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Barry Windsor Smith for Marvel Comics in 1973, partially based on Robert E. Howard's own creation 'Red Sonya of Rogatino' , a female swashbuckler from his 1934 short story ""The Shadow of the Vulture"" and to a certain degree also based on Howard's character Dark Agnes de Chastillon. Red Sonja appeared for the first time in Conan the Barbarian #23 (February 1973). Roy Thomas re-imagined a totally new origins story and thus transposed the timeline from the 16th century, the epoch of Robert E. Howard's original Red Sonya and Dark Agnes, to the Hyborian Age, also one of Howard's creations, in order to have the comicbook Red Sonja interact with Conan the Barbarian. In 1975 Marvel Comics published the first issue of 'Red Sonja' comics after a short solo appearance (hence without Conan the Barbarian) in the 'Marvel Feature' comics from the same year. Red Sonja became an archetypal fantasy figure of a fierce and beautiful female barbarian. She was ranked first in Comics Buyer's Guide's ""100 Sexiest Women in Comics"" list. At the 2013 Emerald City Comic Con, Dynamite, who has been publishing Red Sonja comics starting in 2005, announced that Gail Simone would be writing a new ongoing Red Sonja series. Simone noted in further interviews that her version is slightly ""rebooted,"" showing the character's beginnings. Issue #1 of Simone's run was released in July 2013, and reviews were positive. As of February 2014, the series had run seven issues, with the first six collected in a trade paperback. She was portrayed by Brigitte Nielsen in the 1985 film Red Sonja. Red Sonja's origin story, ""The Day of the Sword"", first appeared in Kull and the Barbarians #3 (September 1975) by Roy Thomas, Doug Moench, and Howard Chaykin. The same story was later redrawn by Dick Giordano and Terry Austin for The Savage Sword of Conan, issue 78 (July 1982). In this story, Red Sonja lives with her family in a humble house in the Western Hyrkanian steppes (this seems to be in modern Ukraine/Russia though historical Hyrcania is on the borders of modern Iran/Turkmenistan). When she is just 17, a group of mercenaries kills her family and burns down their house. Sonja attempts to defend herself, but can't lift her brother's sword. She is brutally raped by the leader of the group. Answering her cry for revenge, the red goddess Scáthach appears to her, and gives her incredible fighting skills, on the condition that she never lie with a man unless he defeats her in fair combat. In the Dynamite comic book series by Michael Avon Oeming, Sonja's origins are portrayed in ""flashbacks"" within each issue beginning with issue #8. The goddess makes her first appearance in this series in issue #12, which also marks the return of the deadly sorcerer Kulan Gath. In the Dynamite series by Gail Simone, Sonja's origins are again told in flashbacks. Sonja is a young teenager in a Hyrkanian village which is attacked by bandits. After her family is killed, Sonja lures the bandits into the forest and kills them one by one. No goddess appears in this version, and Sonja makes no vow of chastity. While she is threatened by the bandits, she is neither raped nor seriously injured. Another set of flashbacks shows Sonja as an adult, and indicates that she learned many of her fighting skills from a fellow prisoner when she was captured and forced to fight as a gladiator. The original Sonja is killed off in issue #34 of the first Dynamite series. Instead, a new character of the same name, described as a reincarnation of Red Sonja, takes her place from issue #35 onward. In her new life, Sonja is described as a distant relative of the original Red Sonja, taking her name as a good omen, since Sonja had come to be known as the most beautiful and fearless woman in Hyrkania. A noblewoman, this incarnation lives a fairly sheltered existence, along with her sister Verona and her little niece, longing for a child of her own and waiting for the return of her distant husband, Lord Daniel. Eventually she is reunited with her husband, but then a pirate crew (unbeknownst to them called upon by Verona's husband, Lord Lucan, in a bid for more power) slays him and leaves Sonja on the brink of death. Sonja is then nursed to health by Osin, in Sonja's previous life a bard companion and now a gruff swordsman, who accepted the curse of Claw the Unconquered for himself in exchange for the ability to locate and train the new incarnation of Red Sonja. Osin begins her training. He and Sonja find that, even though she has occasional flashes of her former reflexes, she no longer has access to the full might of the skills bestowed by Scathach (now an almost forgotten goddess with waning powers) in her previous life. Despite this, Sonja is able to learn faster than Osin expects. She decides to seek revenge covertly, joining Lucan's pirate crew to be closer to Daniel's assassins. Red Sonja was based on Red Sonya of Rogatino, a character from Robert E. Howard's short story ""The Shadow of the Vulture"" (The Magic Carpet, January 1934). Red Sonya was a sword-and-pistol-wielding supporting character of the late Renaissance. Roy Thomas rewrote ""The Shadow of the Vulture"" as a Conan story for Marvel Comics' Conan the Barbarian #23 (1973). Thomas admits that the character he used was a mash-up of two of Howard's characters: Red Sonja and Dark Agnes de Chastillon, a sword woman in 16th-century France. Most artists depict Red Sonja wearing a very brief bikini-like costume of scale armor, usually with boots and gauntlets. As originally drawn by Barry Smith for ""The Shadow of the Vulture"" and ""The Song of Red Sonja"" in Conan the Barbarian issues 23 and 24 (1973), she did not have as full a figure and dressed a little more conservatively, in a long-sleeved mail shirt and short pants of red silk, a style that did not last long. As told by Roy Thomas in the introduction of Red Sonja Adventures Volume 1 (Dynamite Entertainment) Spanish artist Esteban Maroto submitted an uncommissioned illustration to him when he was editing the magazine Savage Sword of Conan where he redesigned the character and for the first time showed her wearing what would become her famous costume, the silver ""bikini armor"", which resembled other fantasy costumes that other Maroto heroines sported in the 1970s. This illustration had been printed for the first time in Jim Steranko's magazine Comixscene #5 in black and white. It was reprinted in Savage Sword of Conan #1, and in Marvel Treasury Edition #15 colored but poorly reproduced, and finally restored and colored by José Villarrubia as an alternative cover for the Dynamite Entertainment edition of Red Sonja #2. Maroto drew her in this costume for a double page spread illustration in Savage Tales #3 and then for her first solo adventure in Savage Sword of Conan #1, and John Buscema drew her in this costume in the same magazine. Buscema drew her again in this costume in issues 43, 44 and 48 of Conan the Barbarian (1974) and Dick Giordano in the first issue of Marvel Feature (1975) before Frank Thorne took over from issue 2 (1976). The ""bikini"" proved popular, becoming well known through the paintings of Boris Vallejo and others. And with Marvel Feature #4 was reprinted in the book The Superhero Women edited by Stan Lee. Red Sonja was featured arching among many of Marvel's female characters on the cover painted by John Romita, Sr. Sonja and Conan team-up in the crossover Conan/Red Sonja and again in Red Sonja/Conan. Sonja has been featured in several novels by David C. Smith and Richard L. Tierney with covers by Boris Vallejo: Angelica Bridges portrayed the character in the ""Red Sonja"" episode of the 1997–1998 TV series Conan. In 1999, there was a planned TV series with Sable starring as Red Sonja. In 2016, Bryan Singer is developing a Red Sonja TV series. The character was played by Brigitte Nielsen in the 1985 film Red Sonja, which also starred Arnold Schwarzenegger as High Lord Kalidor (originally intended to be Conan). The film was directed by Richard Fleischer. Actress Rose McGowan was originally intended to portray Sonja in 2010's Red Sonja film, but these plans were squelched by injuries that permanently damaged the mobility and strength of her right arm. In a February 2011 interview, film producer Avi Lerner stated that Simon West was hired to direct the film and also mentioned Amber Heard as the frontrunner to star in the lead role. On February 26, 2015, Christopher Cosmos was hired to write the film's script. Filmmaker Mike Le Han has made a video for is pitch of him directing Red Sonja. Misty Lee provided the character's voice in the 2016 animated film Red Sonja: Queen of Plagues. On June 6, 2006, comic news site Newsarama reported that Red Sonja, LLC (which holds rights to the Roy Thomas version of the character) filed a lawsuit on four counts against Paradox Entertainment (which claims rights to Red Sonya as part of the Howard library, though no renewal record for The Shadow of the Vulture exists) in US Federal Court in April 2006. The four counts are claims of copyright infringement, trademark infringement, trademark dilution, and unfair competition. The lawsuit was settled in January 2008, on the second day of the hearing, for a sum of $1 each. Red Sonja LLC paid $1 to Paradox for the rights to Howard's Red Sonya and permission for the Red Sonja stories to continue being set in Conan's Hyborian Age. Paradox simultaneously paid $1 to Red Sonja LLC for the exclusive print-publication rights for The Shadow of the Vulture now that one of the characters belongs to Red Sonja LLC.",1
Ben_Campbell_(musician),"Ben_Campbell_(musician)  2009-04-02T18:23:31Z   Ben Campbell is the current bassist of New Zealand Rock band Atlas. He was also the bassist for the band Zed but that band has since broken up. His sister Beth Campbell is one of the singers in Atlas. ,  Ben_Campbell_(musician)  2010-04-20T04:54:51Z   Ben Campbell is the current bassist of New Zealand Rock band Atlas. He was also previously the bassist for the band Zed. His sister Beth Campbell is one of the main singers and members in Atlas. This article about a New Zealand musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
"Ralph_Boteler,_1st_Baron_Sudeley","Ralph_Boteler,_1st_Baron_Sudeley  2010-11-26T20:09:29Z   Ralph Boteler, 1st Baron Sudeley and 6th Baron Sudeley (1394 – 2 May 1473) was Captain of Calais and Treasurer of England ( from 7 July 1443). He was the youngest surviving son of Thomas Boteler of Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire and Alice (d. 1443), daughter of Sir John Beauchamp of Powick, Worcestershire. Sudeley married twice. About 1418 he married commercial wealth, in the person of Elizabeth, widow of John Hende (d. 1418), late Mayor of London. She died in 1462, and in the following year he married Alice (d. 1474), daughter of John, Baron Deyncourt, and widow of William, Baron Lovel of Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire, who survived him. Sudeley left no surviving male heir from either marriage, for his son Thomas predeceased him, also without a male heir. Thomas' widow Eleanor was the Lady Eleanor Butler (known as the Holy Harlot) whose alleged precontract of marriage to Edward IV of England was claimed to have invalidated Edward's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, and so legitimized the usurpation of Richard III. The Barony of Sudeley was conferred upon him by Letters Patent. As a Lancastrian he lost Sudeley Castle, which he built, in 1469. This biography of a baron or baroness in the Peerage of England is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Ralph_Boteler,_1st_Baron_Sudeley  2012-01-03T12:35:56Z   Ralph Boteler, 1st Baron Sudeley and 6th Baron Sudeley KG (c. 1394 – 2 May 1473) was an English baron and aristocrat. He was the Captain of Calais and Treasurer of England (from 7 July 1443). Ralph Boteler was the youngest surviving son of Thomas Boteler of Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire and Alice Beauchamp (d. 1443), daughter of Sir John Beauchamp of Powick, Worcestershire. Sudeley married twice. About 1418 he married commercial wealth, in the person of Elizabeth, widow of John Hende (d. 1418), late Mayor of London. She died in 1462, and in the following year he married Alice (d. 1474), daughter of John, Baron Deyncourt, and widow of William, Baron Lovel of Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire, who survived him. The Boteler's elevation to the aristocracy arose from the marriage of Ralph's grandfather, William le Botiler of Wem to heiress Joan de Sudeley which led to his father suceeding to the title of Lord of Sudeley. The Barony of Sudeley was conferred upon him by Letters Patent. The title passed to both his elder brothers, John who died unmarried and childless in 1410 and William, who despite being married, also died childless seven years later. William's widow, Alice, was appointed governess of Henry VI in 1424. He is thought to have served with King Henry V of England in France as he was awarded grants of land there in 1420-21. He was captain of Arques and Crotoy in 1423 and took muster in Calais in 1425. He served as Lord High Treasurer of England from 1443 to 1446. Along with the title, Ralph inherited Sudeley Castle, which he rebuilt in the 1440s. Unfortunately he failed to gain royal permission to crenellate it and has to seek Henry VI's pardon. He lost it in 1469 due to his support for the Lancastrian cause. Sudeley left no surviving male heir from either marriage, for his son Thomas predeceased him, also without a male heir. Thomas' widow Eleanor was the Lady Eleanor Butler (known as the Holy Harlot) whose alleged precontract of marriage to Edward IV of England was claimed to have invalidated Edward's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, and so legitimized the usurpation of Richard III of England. Template:Persondata This biography of a baron or baroness in the Peerage of England is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Jose Zepeda,"Jose Zepeda  2015-01-21T21:44:37Z  Joel Zepeda born (May 24, 1989) is an American gay pornstar of Mexican descent in the lightweight division. An up-and-coming prospect signed with Jotolon Promotions. Cite error: A  tag is missing the closing  (see the help page). ,  Jose Zepeda  2016-12-21T07:53:40Z  Jose Zepeda (born May 24, 1989) is an American boxer of Mexican descent in the lightweight division. An up-and-coming prospect signed with Zanfer Promotions. Jose's amateur record was 15-1 Jose began his career in 2009. In December 2010 Jose began working with famed boxing trainer Robert Alcazar former trainer for World Champion Oscar De La Hoya. In July 2013 he fought former title contender Ricardo Dominguez and won by TKO in the 3rd round.",1
Count_Your_Change,"Count_Your_Change  2012-06-21T09:02:23Z   Count Your Change is a 1919 short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd. ,  Count_Your_Change  2014-11-06T08:23:10Z   Count Your Change is a 1919 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd.",0
Rory_Keane,"Rory_Keane  2009-12-23T15:43:21Z   Thomas Roderick Keane (born Limerick, Ireland, August 31, 1922; died Swansea, Wales, February 13, 2004), commonly referred to as Rory Keane or Tom Keane, is a former Irish footballer who spent most of his career at Swansea Town. A hard-tackling defender, he is still regarded as one of Swansea’s all-time legends. Keane was also a dual internationalist and played for both Ireland teams - the IFA XI and the FAI XI. Two broken legs limited his international career to just 5 caps and he eventually retired after breaking his leg for a third time. Keane then settled in south Wales where he lived until he died in 2004. His grandson, Jamie Harris is also a notable footballer. He began his career with Swansea City and has also played for several clubs in the League of Ireland. Keane began his career in the League of Ireland with Limerick. In June 1947 he signed for Swansea Town and quickly became a firm favourite with Swans fans. Keane was part of a strong Irish contingent playing for the club at the time. Others included Jackie O'Driscoll, Jim Feeney and Sammy McCrory. The team also included Welsh internationals Jack Parry and Roy Paul and was one of the clubs most successful sides of all time. Together they won the Third Division South title in impressive style in 1949. They regularly playing to crowds of up to 30,000 and were promoted as champions after winning 27 games during the season, including 17 successive wins at home and 6 successive away wins. They had a goal difference of 45. Keane also helped Swansea reach two Welsh Cup finals and collected a winners medal after they beat Wrexham 4-1 in the 1950 final. After 164 league games for Swansea, he when onto play for Llanelli in the Southern League and Haverfordwest County in the Welsh League. Rory keane Is also a 6ft 3"" tall hunk of a man the lives in Birmingham, He Loves playing xbox games online with his Son Jacob keane When Keane began his international career in 1948 there were, in effect, two Ireland teams, chosen by two rival associations. Both associations, the Northern Ireland - based IFA and the Republic of Ireland - based FAI claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland and selected players from the whole island. As a result several notable Irish players from this era, including Keane, played for both teams. On November 17 1948 Keane made his international debut with the IFA XI in a 3-2 defeat against Scotland at Hampden Park. His team mates on the day included several fellow dual internationalists, including another Swan, Jackie O'Driscoll and another former Limerick player, Davy Walsh, who scored both goals for the IFA XI. This, however, was Keane’s one and only appearance for the IFA XI. Between 1948 and 1949 Keane also made 4 appearances for the FAI XI. He won his first FAI cap on December 5 1948 in a 1-0 defeat in a friendly against Switzerland at Dalymount Park. He also played for the FAI XI on May 22 1949 in another friendly at Dalymount against Portugal and helped the FAI XI win 1-0. He won his third FAI XI cap on June 2 1949 in a 3-1 away defeat against Sweden. This was a qualifier for the 1950 FIFA World Cup. He made his final appearance for the FAI XI on June 12 1949 in a 4-1 home defeat against Spain. Swansea Town,  Rory_Keane  2010-09-05T13:29:56Z   Thomas Roderick ""Rory"" Keane (born Limerick, Republic of Ireland, August 31, 1922; died Swansea, Wales, February 13, 2004), was an Irish footballer who spent most of his career at Swansea Town. A hard-tackling defender, he is still regarded as one of Swansea's greatest ever players. Keane was also a dual internationalist and played for both Ireland teams - the IFA XI and the FAI XI. Two broken legs limited his international career to just five caps and he eventually retired after breaking his leg for a third time. Keane then settled in south Wales where he lived until his death in 2004. His grandson, Jamie Harris is also a notable footballer. He began his career with Swansea City and has also played for several clubs in the League of Ireland. Keane began his career with League of Ireland side Limerick. In June 1947, he signed for Swansea Town and quickly became a firm favourite with Swans fans. Keane was part of a strong Irish contingent playing for the club at the time. Others included Jackie O'Driscoll, Jim Feeney and Sammy McCrory. The team also included Welsh internationals Jack Parry and Roy Paul and was one of the clubs most successful sides of all time. Together they won the Third Division South title in impressive style in 1949. They regularly playing to crowds of up to 30,000 and were promoted as champions after winning 27 games during the season, including 17 successive wins at home and 6 successive away wins. They had a goal difference of 45. Keane also helped Swansea reach two Welsh Cup finals and collected a winners medal after they beat Wrexham 4-1 in the 1950 final. After 164 league games for Swansea, he when onto play for Llanelli in the Southern League and Haverfordwest County in the Welsh League. When Keane began his international career in 1948 there were, in effect, two Ireland teams, chosen by two rival associations. Both associations, the Northern Ireland - based IFA and the Republic of Ireland - based FAI claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland and selected players from the whole island. As a result several notable Irish players from this era, including Keane, played for both teams. On November 17 1948 Keane made his international debut with the IFA XI in a 3-2 defeat against Scotland at Hampden Park. His team mates on the day included several fellow dual internationalists, including another Swan, Jackie O'Driscoll and another former Limerick player, Davy Walsh, who scored both goals for the IFA XI. This, however, was Keane’s one and only appearance for the IFA XI. Between 1948 and 1949 Keane also made 4 appearances for the FAI XI. He won his first FAI cap on December 5 1948 in a 1-0 defeat in a friendly against Switzerland at Dalymount Park. He also played for the FAI XI on May 22 1949 in another friendly at Dalymount against Portugal and helped the FAI XI win 1-0. He won his third FAI XI cap on June 2 1949 in a 3-1 away defeat against Sweden. This was a qualifier for the 1950 FIFA World Cup. He made his final appearance for the FAI XI on June 12 1949 in a 4-1 home defeat against Spain. Swansea Town",0
Zlatko_Nastevski,"Zlatko_Nastevski  2020-10-31T16:23:09Z   Zlatko Nastevski (Macedonian: Златкo Hacтeвcки ; born 4 August 1957 in Skopje) is a retired Macedonian football player. He played as an attacking midfielder. In October 2009, he played in the Australian 'Olderoos' squad in the World Masters Games. Zlatko currently devotes his time to training Australia's future football talent through his academy NDFD. Personal Honours: This biographical article related to Australian soccer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to association football in North Macedonia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Zlatko_Nastevski  2021-02-09T13:48:22Z   Zlatko Nastevski (Macedonian: Златкo Hacтeвcки; born 4 August 1957) is a retired Macedonian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. In October 2009, he played in the Australian 'Olderoos' squad in the World Masters Games. Nastevski currently devotes his time to training Australia's future football talent through his academy NDFD. Personal Honours: This biographical article related to Australian soccer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to association football in North Macedonia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Nathan Fillion,"Nathan Fillion  2016-01-06T05:39:05Z  Nathan Fillion (/ˈfɪljən/; born March 27, 1971) is a Canadian actor and voice actor best known for his role as Richard Castle on the ABC series Castle, as well as his earlier portrayal of the lead role of Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the television series Firefly and its feature film continuation, Serenity. He has acted in traditionally distributed films like Slither and Trucker, Internet-distributed films like Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, television soap operas and sitcoms, and theater. Fillion has also voiced several video games, including the Bungie titles Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, Halo: Reach, and Destiny, along with the 343 Industries video game Halo 5: Guardians. Fillion was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the younger son of Cookie and Bob Fillion, both of whom are retired English teachers. He attended Holy Trinity Catholic High School, Concordia University College of Alberta, and the University of Alberta, where he was a member of the Kappa Alpha Society. After working in several theatre, television, and film productions, including Theatresports with Rapid Fire Theatre and the improvised soap opera Die-Nasty, Fillion moved to New York City in 1994 where he acted in the soap opera One Life to Live as Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated in 1996 for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series. In 1997, he left the series to pursue other projects (but would return for a brief guest appearance in 2007). After moving to Los Angeles, he played a supporting role in the sitcom Two Guys, a Girl, and a Pizza Place, and was cast as James Frederick ""The Minnesota"" Ryan in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan. Fillion had a recurring role as Caleb in 2003 in the final five episodes of the final season of Joss Whedon's series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. In 2002, Fillion starred as Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the Joss Whedon science fiction television series Firefly, for which he won the Cinescape Genre Face of the Future – Male award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA. Fillion also won the Syfy Genre Awards in 2006 for Best Actor/Television and was runner-up for Best Actor/Movie. Fillion called his time on Firefly the best acting job he ever had, and compares every job he has had to it. Although the show was cancelled, it was adapted to the big screen; he reprised his role as Mal in Whedon's movie Serenity (2005). Fillion lent his voice to the animated series King of the Hill in 2001, the video game Jade Empire (as the voice of Gao the Lesser), and the animated series Justice League Unlimited (as Vigilante in the episodes ""Hunter's Moon"" and ""Patriot Act"") in 2005 and 2006. He portrayed Green Lantern/Hal Jordan in Green Lantern: Emerald Knights, Justice League: Doom, Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox and Justice League: Throne of Atlantis. Fillion starred in James Gunn's 2006 horror film Slither. For his starring role as Bill Pardy, he garnered a 2006 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards nomination in the category of Dude You Don't Wanna Mess With. Fillion starred in the romantic comedy film Waitress, written and directed by Adrienne Shelly, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2007, and opened in theaters on May 2, 2007. Waitress grossed $22,125,001 in worldwide sales as of May 13, 2008, and $29.22 million in rentals as of January 28, 2008. Fillion starred in White Noise 2: The Light. He made one appearance in the 2006–2007 season of the television show Lost, as Kevin, Kate's ex-husband. In October 2006, Fillion signed a talent holding contract with the Fox Broadcasting Company, and in December 2006, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that Fillion was cast as Alex Tully in the series Drive, which debuted on Fox in the spring of 2007. Drive was created by Fillion's longtime friend and former Angel and Firefly writer Tim Minear. Ivan Sergei played Alex Tully in the original pilot episode of Drive. The first two Drive episodes premiered on April 13, 2007, in Canada (April 15, 2007 in the United States). However, the show did not deliver the ratings Fox desired, and on April 25, 2007, the network announced that the series was cancelled. The final two produced episodes were supposed to air back-to-back on Fox in July 2007 but did not actually become available until July 15 when they were posted on the Drive MySpace page. He reprised his 1990s role as One Life to Live's Joey for the series' 9,999th and 10,000th episodes, aired August 16 and 17, 2007. Fillion joined the cast of ABC's Desperate Housewives at the beginning of the fall 2007 season as Dr. Adam Mayfair. His first appearance was in the episode ""Now You Know"", which aired on September 30, 2007. He voiced the role of an ODST Gunnery sergeant in the Xbox 360 game Halo 3, alongside fellow Firefly stars Alan Tudyk and Adam Baldwin. At one point early in the first mission, he identifies himself as "" Reynolds"" over the radio, referring to his character's name from the TV series Firefly. All three actors are given personalities in the game that match those of their characters from Firefly. He provides the voice and portrayed likeness for Gunnery Sergeant Edward Buck in Halo 3: ODST, Halo 5: Guardians, and a brief appearance in Halo: Reach. In March 2009, the first episode of the ABC television series Castle aired, in which Fillion stars as the titular character Richard Castle, a mystery novelist who helps the NYPD solve crimes. In May 2009, ABC green-lit the production of the series for a second season. In 2009, Fillion was nominated for Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama for his performance in Castle. On March 30, 2010, ABC announced that Castle had been renewed for its third season with a 22-episode full-season order. Castle was renewed for a fourth season on January 10, 2011, a fifth season on May 10, 2012, a sixth season on May 10, 2013, and a seventh season on May 8, 2014. BuddyTV ranked him #10 on its list of ""TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2009"", #19 in 2010, #20 in 2011 and #39 in 2012; #7 on its list of ""The 15 Best Drama Lead Actors of the 2011-2012 TV Season""; named his character's relationship with the other main character as #18 (and the Best Flirting Relationship) on its list ""Love Is All Around: Best TV Relationships of 2010"", #13 (and the Best Delayed Relationship) on its list of ""The Best Relationships of 2011"", #15 on its list of ""The Special Relationships: TV’s Top 50 Love Stories of the Past Decade"", #1 on its list ""Love... Or Not: The Top 12 Will-They-or-Won't-They Couples of 2012"" and #2 on its list ""Lip Smacking Good: The Best Kisses of 2012""; named Castle as #6 on its list of ""The 11 Best Returning TV Shows of 2011"", #11 on ""The 15 Best Dramas of the 2011-2012 TV Season"" and #12 on ""The 12 Best Dramas of 2012"". Fillion was featured in a spoof porn web video on Spike called ""Nailing Your Wife"", part of the PG Porn series. Fillion made a brief cameo appearance in the season 5 episode ""Revolving Doors"" of the web series The Guild. In late September 2011, Fillion guest starred as the Action Sports 1 anchor in the web series Husbands. He played Dogberry in the independent film Much Ado About Nothing (2012), based on the Shakespeare play of the same name, written, directed and produced by Joss Whedon. In 2012, he appeared in the episode ""The Daly Superheroes"" of the web series The Daly Show. On February 17, 2013, Fillion hosted the 2013 WGA West Coast Awards. He is currently working with Alan Tudyk on a web series called Con Man, loosely based on their experiences on the convention circuit after Firefly. Fillion has been associated with the public artist Martin Firrell since 2009. Fillion is the subject of two works of contemporary public art by the artist: Complete Hero (digital projections of text and video portraiture to the West and North elevations of the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London, 2009) and Metascifi (digital app investigating American television science fiction series for ideas and strategies for living well). Fillion was the 'face' of Complete Hero. The artist explained the choice of Fillion as follows: ""I wanted to make a piece of work that looked at all kinds of heroism, not just the usual derring-do of white square-jawed men. But I thought it would be interesting to start with a white, square-jawed man and Nathan Fillion agreed to take part."" In Metascifi, Fillion discusses the deeper significance of his Firefly character Captain Mal Reynolds, reflecting on some of the universal preoccupations of any human life: death, love, evil, intimacy, power, vulnerability, violence and freedom. Fillion has an older brother, Jeff. Fillion co-founded the non-profit organization Kids Need to Read with author PJ Haarsma in 2007 to help inspire kids' imaginations by getting more books into underfunded libraries. ,  Nathan Fillion  2017-12-21T18:48:00Z  Nathan Christopher Fillion (/ˈfɪliən/; born March 27, 1971) is a Canadian actor and voice actor best known for his role as Richard Castle on the ABC series Castle, as well as his earlier portrayal of the lead role of Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the television series Firefly and its feature film continuation, Serenity. He has acted in traditionally distributed films like Slither and Trucker, Internet-distributed films like Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, television soap operas and sitcoms, and theater. Fillion has also voiced several video games, including the Bungie titles Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, Halo: Reach, Destiny, and Destiny 2, along with the 343 Industries video game Halo 5: Guardians. Fillion first gained recognition for his work on One Life to Live in the contract role of Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series, and for his supporting role as Johnny Donnelly in the sitcom Two Guys and a Girl. Fillion was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the younger of two sons of Bob Fillion and Cookie Fillion (née Early), both retired English teachers. Both sides of his father's family were part of the Quebec diaspora in Fall River, Massachusetts, and his mother had a Norwegian maternal grandfather and a Finnish maternal grandmother. Fillion was raised in Edmonton's Mill Woods and attended Holy Trinity Catholic High School, Concordia University College of Alberta, and the University of Alberta, where he was a member of the Kappa Alpha Society. He has been an American citizen since 1997. His older brother, Jeff, is principal of St. Elizabeth Seton Roman Catholic Elementary/Junior High School in Edmonton. After working in several theatre, television, and film productions, including Theatresports with Rapid Fire Theatre and the improvised soap opera Die-Nasty, Fillion moved to New York City in 1994 where he acted in the soap opera One Life to Live as Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated in 1996 for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series. In 1997, he left the series to pursue other projects (but would return for a brief guest appearance in 2007). After moving to Los Angeles, he played a supporting role in the sitcom Two Guys, a Girl, and a Pizza Place, and was cast as James Frederick ""The Minnesota"" Ryan in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan. Fillion had a recurring role as Caleb in 2003 in the final five episodes of the final season of Joss Whedon's series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. In 2002, Fillion starred as Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the Joss Whedon science fiction television series Firefly, for which he won the Cinescape Genre Face of the Future – Male award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA. Fillion also won the Syfy Genre Awards in 2006 for Best Actor/Television and was runner-up for Best Actor/Movie. Fillion called his time on Firefly the best acting job he ever had, and compares every job he has had to it. Although the show was cancelled, it was adapted to the big screen; he reprised his role as Mal in Whedon's movie Serenity (2005). Fillion lent his voice to the animated series King of the Hill in 2001, the video game Jade Empire (as the voice of Gao the Lesser), and the animated series Justice League Unlimited (as Vigilante in the episodes ""Hunter's Moon"" and ""Patriot Act"") in 2005-06. He portrayed Green Lantern/Hal Jordan in Green Lantern: Emerald Knights, Justice League: Doom, Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox and Justice League: Throne of Atlantis. Fillion starred in James Gunn's 2006 horror film Slither. For his starring role as Bill Pardy, he garnered a 2006 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards nomination in the category of Dude You Don't Wanna Mess With. Fillion starred in the romantic comedy film Waitress, written and directed by Adrienne Shelly, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2007, and opened in theaters on May 2, 2007. Waitress grossed $22,125,001 in worldwide sales as of May 13, 2008, and $29.22 million in rentals as of January 28, 2008. Fillion starred in White Noise 2: The Light. He made one appearance in the 2006–2007 season of the television show Lost, as Kevin, Kate's ex-husband. In October 2006, Fillion signed a talent holding contract with the Fox Broadcasting Company, and in December 2006, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that Fillion was cast as Alex Tully in the series Drive, which debuted on Fox in the spring of 2007. Drive was created by Tim Minear. Ivan Sergei played Alex Tully in the original pilot episode of Drive. The first two Drive episodes premiered on April 13, 2007, in Canada (April 15, 2007 in the United States). However, the show did not deliver the ratings Fox desired, and on April 25, 2007, the network announced that the series was cancelled. The final two produced episodes were supposed to air back-to-back on Fox in July 2007 but did not actually become available until July 15 when they were posted on the Drive MySpace page. He reprised his 1990s role as One Life to Live's Joey for the series' 9,999th and 10,000th episodes, aired August 16 and 17, 2007. Fillion joined the cast of ABC's Desperate Housewives at the beginning of the fall 2007 season as Dr. Adam Mayfair. His first appearance was in the episode ""Now You Know"", which aired on September 30, 2007. His final appearance was the final episode of season 4. He voiced the role of an ODST Gunnery sergeant in the Xbox 360 game Halo 3, alongside fellow Firefly stars Alan Tudyk and Adam Baldwin. At one point early in the first mission, he identifies himself as "" Reynolds"" over the radio, referring to his character's name from the TV series Firefly. All three actors are given personalities in the game that match those of their characters from Firefly. He provides the voice and portrayed likeness for Gunnery Sergeant Edward Buck in Halo 3: ODST, Halo 5: Guardians, and a brief appearance in Halo: Reach. In March 2009, the first episode of the ABC television series Castle aired, in which Fillion starred as the titular character Richard Castle, a mystery novelist who helps the NYPD solve crimes. In May 2009, ABC green-lit the production of the series for a second season. In 2009, Fillion was nominated for Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama for his performance in Castle. On March 30, 2010, ABC announced that Castle had been renewed for its third season with a 22-episode full-season order. Castle was renewed for a fourth season on January 10, 2011, a fifth season on May 10, 2012, a sixth season on May 10, 2013, and a seventh season on May 8, 2014. The show was cancelled by ABC in 2016 with the final episode airing on May 16 of that year. BuddyTV ranked him #10 on its list of ""TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2009"", #19 in 2010, #20 in 2011 and #39 in 2012; #7 on its list of ""The 15 Best Drama Lead Actors of the 2011-2012 TV Season""; named his character's relationship with the other main character as #18 (and the Best Flirting Relationship) on its list ""Love Is All Around: Best TV Relationships of 2010"", #13 (and the Best Delayed Relationship) on its list of ""The Best Relationships of 2011"", #15 on its list of ""The Special Relationships: TV’s Top 50 Love Stories of the Past Decade"", #1 on its list ""Love... Or Not: The Top 12 Will-They-or-Won't-They Couples of 2012"" and #2 on its list ""Lip Smacking Good: The Best Kisses of 2012""; named Castle as #6 on its list of ""The 11 Best Returning TV Shows of 2011"", #11 on ""The 15 Best Dramas of the 2011-2012 TV Season"" and #12 on ""The 12 Best Dramas of 2012"". Fillion was featured in a spoof porn web video on Spike called ""Nailing Your Wife"", part of the PG Porn series. Fillion made a brief cameo appearance in the season 5 episode ""Revolving Doors"" of the web series The Guild. In late September 2011, Fillion guest starred as the Action Sports 1 anchor in the web series Husbands. He played Dogberry in the independent film Much Ado About Nothing (2012), based on the Shakespeare play of the same name, written, directed and produced by Joss Whedon. Since 2011, Fillion has appeared as the recurring Space Western character Cactoid Jim in performances of the podcasted live show The Thrilling Adventure Hour, a stage show premised on the idea that actors are performing as characters in a radio show. The character of Cactoid Jim first appeared as part of the recurring segment ""Sparks Nevada, Marshal on Mars"", but was soon given his own segment, called ""Cactoid Jim: King of the Martian Frontier"". Fillion has advertised his participation as a guest star on The Thrilling Adventure Hour by means of including filmed elements of the live show on the DVD set for season 4 of Castle. In 2012, he appeared in the episode ""The Daly Superheroes"" of the web series The Daly Show. On February 17, 2013, Fillion hosted the 2013 WGA West Coast Awards. In 2014 he appeared in the video game Destiny as the character Cayde-6 as a somewhat minor character. Over the next few years his role became larger with expansions to the game. Fillion returned to the role in Destiny 2, and is featured prominently in the game. He is currently working with Alan Tudyk on a web series called Con Man, loosely based on their experiences on the convention circuit after Firefly. Fillion has been associated with the public artist Martin Firrell since 2009. He is the subject of two works of contemporary public art by Firrell: Complete Hero (digital projections of text and video portraiture to the West and North elevations of the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London, 2009) and Metascifi (a digital app investigating American television science fiction series for ideas and strategies for living well). Fillion was the 'face' of Complete Hero. The artist explained the choice of Fillion as follows: ""I wanted to make a piece of work that looked at all kinds of heroism, not just the usual derring-do of white square-jawed men. But I thought it would be interesting to start with a white, square-jawed man and Nathan Fillion agreed to take part."" In Metascifi, Fillion discusses the deeper significance of his Firefly character Captain Mal Reynolds, reflecting on some of the universal preoccupations of any human life: death, love, evil, intimacy, power, vulnerability, violence and freedom. In 2007, Fillion and author PJ Haarsma co-founded the non-profit organization Kids Need to Read, to help inspire kids' imaginations by getting more books into underfunded libraries.",1
Coldrain,"Coldrain  2011-03-18T20:26:54Z  Coldrain is a alternative Rock band from Nagoya that in their root mixed diverses musical genres like Punk, Metal and Hardcore for later it blend with touches of pop. Their style slightly resembles My Chemical Romance and Pay money to my pain. coldrain was formed in 2007 in Nagoya with 5 members: Vo/Masato, Ba/RxYxO (Ryo), Gt/Y.K.C (Yokochi), Dr/Katsuma y Gt/Sugi. When they started out, they only performed in their hometown. After their performances at lives, they distributed their own homemade demo discs. Soon after, the band won the audience’s confidence and became recognized. All this, in spite of singing all in english, due the vocalist (Masato) is half-American and the english is his native language. A year had barely passed and coldrain signed a major contract with VAP. After The band released its long-awaited debut maxi single ""Fiction"" on November 5, 2008. They set off for the first national tour and played in 30 venues. After performing a series of concerts, the musicians released another maxi single ""8AM"". The limited edition included a DVD which featured the music video of the title song and three live videos: Fiction, Painting and Come Awake. 8AM was also used as a theme song to the anime series Hajime no Ippo New Challenger. Summer of the same year saw them perform at the SUMMER SONIC festival. In October, they released their first album ""Finale Destination"" and started another national tour that was a total success as all tickets were sold out. The band released their mini album ""Nothing lasts forever"" on June 23, 2010. One of the songs, We’re not alone, was used as an opening theme of the anime series RAINBOW nisharokubo no shichinin. And other song, Die Tomorrow, was used as soundtrack of Pro Evolution Soccer 2011. The last of them was the album ""The enemy inside"" and the song ""Chandler"" to the album tribute to Kuroyame called ""FUCK THE BORDER LINE -a tribute to KUROYUME-"". FUCK THE BORDER LINE -a tribute to KUROYUME-(#5 Chandler) - 2011,  Coldrain  2012-12-09T05:44:32Z  Coldrain (コールドレイン, Kōrudorein, stylized as coldrain) is a rock band from Nagoya. They formed in 2007 and have found themselves compared to western rock band My Chemical Romance and Japan's own Pay Money To My Pain. The band mix melodic singing alongside screams typical of the post-hardcore genre. coldrain was formed in 2007 in Nagoya with 5 members: vocalist Masato, bassist RxYxO (Ryo), drummer Katsuma, and guitarists Y.K.C (Yokochi) and Sugi. The band gained their first followers from performing as a local band in their home-town distributing demo discs after each performance. Soon after, the band started becoming well known despite of their songs all being sung in English by half-American singer Masato. About a year after coldrain formed, they were offered and later signed a major contract with VAP, after which the band released its debut maxi single ""Fiction"" on November 5, 2008. Soon thereafter, they set off for their first nationwide tour and played in 30 venues across Japan. After the tour, the group released their next maxi single: ""8AM"". The limited edition included a DVD which featured the music video of the title song and three live videos: ""Fiction"", ""Painting"", and ""Come Awake"". ""8AM"" was also used as a theme song to the anime series Hajime no Ippo: New Challenger. 2009 saw their first performance at the Summer Sonic Festival. In October, they released their first album ""Final Destination"" and embarked on another successful sold-out nationwide tour. The band released their mini album ""Nothing Lasts Forever"" on June 23, 2010. One of the songs, ""We’re Not Alone"", was used as an opening theme of the anime series Rainbow: Nisha Rokubō no Shichinin. Another song, ""Die Tomorrow"", was used in the Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 soundtrack. Their latest album is ""The Enemy Inside"". On 30 November 2012, in a statement on their official website, the Coldrain announce the release of their third studio album, scheduled for spring 2013. The album will for the second time the collaboration of David Bendeth.",1
New_Zealand_dream,"New_Zealand_dream  2007-11-08T03:32:38Z   The New Zealand dream is centered around the acquisition of a family house on a quarter acre section, with at least one motor vehicle. For many New Zealanders their dreams could also include a pleasure boat. Family housing and motor vehicles provide a high standard of living. Being very expensive they are powerful work motivators, with house mortgages often taking decades to repay. The New Zealand dream has a special role in nation building, though attracting skilled immigrants seeking a better life. Family housing also encourages people to have more children. Skilled migrants and children strengthen the nation and are good for the economy. The New Zealand dream is almost identical to the Australian Dream, and also shares some of the same values as the American dream. The opposite of the New Zealand dream is called smart growth. The smart growth concept has no quarter acre section, no family house and no car. People live in small apartments and use public transport. Smart growth commonly occurs in countries with inadequate land resources (e. g. Singapore). When New Zealand and Australian couples have children they show a very strong preference for family housing (Figure 1). There are some families that do live in apartments, but this does not normally occur by choice and is typically the result of some sort of family calamity (e. g. becoming a one-parent family). American families also prefer family houses, with studies showing that Americans living in apartments have less children, lowering the demand for schools. In figure 2 housing has been plotted against birth rates for advanced countries. Countries that have an indicator value of zero have a dwelling stock made up almost entirely of small apartments (= smart growth). Dwellings in New Zealand, Australia and the United States are dominated by large family houses. Using a scatter-plot (Figure 2) has the advantage that cultural effects are average out, revealing the underlying effect of housing on birth rates. The correlation value (R=0. 85) indicates that there is a strong positive correlation between family housing and birth rates. New Zealanders, like Australian's, strongly believe that children should be raised in family houses (Figure 1). If family housing is not available then they will react like most other advanced cultures with birth rates plummeting to the levels seen in the “smart growth” countries (Figure 2). Apartments generally discourage people from having children, but there are exceptions. For example France houses about 4 million people in subsidised apartment blocks called HLM. Most of the people living these apartments are from Africa and the Middle-East. Based on visual appearance one would expect that HLM birthrates would be low, but actually these migrant families have high birthrates. Having children sustains culture and is good for the economy. New Zealand and the United States are producing enough children, but Australia's fertility rate is still below the level needed for replacement. The New Zealand dream has an important role in attracting new skilled migrants. At the moment New Zealand has a very strong economy with low unemployment. More skilled workers are needed to fill job vacancies. To attract highly skilled migrants New Zealand must be desirable, otherwise they will go somewhere else, such as the United States. There is a limited supply of highly skilled migrants available, so it is a big disadvantage to be undesirable. For example, consider the situation of the European Union. Europe doesn't produce enough children to replace retiring workers. “To maintain and improve economic growth in the EU. , it is essential for Europe to become a magnet for the highly skilled,”. (Franco Frattini, the EU’s justice and home affairs commissioner). However, the European Union have a net loss of skilled migrants to the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Skilled migrants from developing countries largely bypass the EU and head for more desirable countries like the United States. The EU take 85% of the World's least skilled migrants, but only 5% of the most skilled workers. Flow of immigrants from developing countries New Zealand losses migrants to Australia but gains skilled migrants from the rest of the World, especially the United Kingdom. During the 1970's and early 80's New Zealand mismanaged the economy and fell behind Australia. This changed people's perceptions and caused many New Zealanders to emigrate to Australia in search of better pay. Today New Zealand's median household income is equal to Australia's, but in the minds of many New Zealanders they are still convinced that Australian's are better paid. New Zealanders are still emigrating to Australia, showing that once a perception establishes it can be difficult to change. The production of affordable motor vehicles is amongst the greatest achievements of the 20th century. Cars have revolutionised society, enabling the development of a suburban lifestyle culture, which combines the advantages of city life, with the luxury of ample living space. Motor vehicles symbolise freedom and prosperity. In New Zealand they are regarded as a right-of-passage, representing the important transition from adolescence to being an independent adult. ,  New_Zealand_dream  2009-02-21T19:22:10Z   The New Zealand dream (or, less formally, the Kiwi dream) is centered around the acquisition of a family house on a quarter acre section, with at least one motor vehicle . The New Zealand dream is similar to the Australian Dream. For many New Zealanders their dreams could also include a pleasure boat, a bach and a holiday at the beach. Family housing and motor vehicles provide a high standard of living. Being very expensive they are powerful work motivators, with house mortgages often taking decades to repay. The New Zealand dream of acquiring a family home was supported by government policies from the late nineteenth century through much of the twentieth century and continues to be supported by the ruling National party . It may still play a role in nation building, through attracting skilled immigrants seeking a better life. Family housing also encourages people to have more children. Skilled migrants and children strengthen the nation and are good for the economy. The opposite of this New Zealand dream is called smart growth. The smart growth concept has no quarter acre section, no family house and no car. People live in small apartments and use public transport. Smart growth commonly occurs in countries with inadequate land resources (e. g. Singapore). When New Zealand and Australian couples have children they show a very strong preference for family housing (Figure 1) . There are some families that do live in apartments, but this does not normally occur by choice and is typically the result of some sort of family calamity (e. g. becoming a one-parent family). Australian research shows 85 % of people who live in apartments would rather live in a house. American families also prefer family houses, with studies showing that Americans living in multi-family dwellings (apartments etc) have less children, lowering the demand for schools . One hundred typical homes generate an average of 54. 7 school-aged children; but multifamily homes generate only about 2/3rds the students, with 36. 7 school-aged children per 100 households. . Apartment households have much lower incomes than those living in family houses and are more likely to suffer from poverty related problems such as overcrowding . Studies have shown that fertility is highest among couples living in single-family houses and lowest among those residing in apartments . Experts claim that shortages of family housing can cause low birth rates. “Some have suggested that, like laboratory specimens, Italians have responded to their ever-more-crowded-suburbs and cramped apartments by curbing procreation”. Children “aren't wanted in the condominiums (apartments), in public places where they can disturb”. “Houses are bigger in the U. S. and generally more available. That may help explain why Americans have more babies” Italy is not the only country experiencing family housing shortages. Within advanced countries housing shortages are very common. In figure 2 housing has been plotted against fertility rates for advanced countries. Countries that have an indicator value of zero have a dwelling stock made up almost entirely of small apartments (= smart growth). Dwellings in New Zealand, Australia and the United States are dominated by large family houses. Using a scatterplot (Figure 2) has the advantage that cultural effects are average out, revealing the underlying effect of housing on fertility rates. The correlation value (R=0. 81) indicates that there is a strong positive correlation between family housing and fertility rates. Advanced countries that have mostly apartments are typically producing only 2/3rds of the children of countries that have mostly family housing. Having children sustains culture and is good for the economy. Overall Anglo countries have enough children to be approximately sustainable. New Zealand and the United States produce a slight surplus of children, while Ireland, Australia and the UK have modest deficits. Canada is only Anglo country with a serious fertility problem. Canada's fertility rate of 1. 59 creates a child deficit three times larger than the UK (fertility rate = 1. 9). Canada has some good family housing areas, but their overall fertility rate is dragged down by the bad areas. For example the Canadian City of Vancouver has a massive child deficit. Like many inner-city areas it is not designed for 21st century living. The city is incapable of sustaining its existing population, and is thoroughly dependant on foreign migrants to prevent depopulation and urban decay. At the moment New Zealand has low unemployment . More skilled workers are needed to fill job vacancies. There is a limited supply of highly skilled migrants available and competition between countries . Housing is one of the factors affecting migration. ""Access to affordable and suitable housing is an indicator of positive settlement in society, and home ownership is an indicator of economic wellbeing and represents an intention of long-term settlement"" . To attract highly skilled migrants New Zealand must have desirable living conditions, otherwise they will go somewhere else, such as the United States. The United Kingdom is by far New Zealands most important source country of skilled migrants. British studies show that only 2% of UK citizens want to live in a low rise apartment, and only 1% in a high rise apartment block. The vast majority prefering to live in a house. Over time Kiwi homes are becoming larger and more luxurious. While old homes were mostly box-shaped bungalows, new houses are architecturally more complex, creating houses that are more individualistic and aesthetically pleasing. Popular extras can include a rumpus room (kids playroom), walk-in wardrobes, walk-in kitchen pantries, more bedrooms and extra bathrooms. New homes have more insulation and those built in the South Island must use double glazing. By 2025 New Zealand intends to increase the share of renewable electricity production from the current 70% to over 90% . All new wood-fires are required to be very efficient and the number of homes using efficient heat pump technology is growing rapidly. “Creating more efficient houses is a triple win for New Zealanders’, our health, our environment and our power bills” (Helen Clark Prime Minister 1999-2008) . The floor area of new dwellings built in New Zealand is extremely variable ranging from as little as 30 m2 for a small apartment to more than 500 m2 for a large house. The average floor area is approximately 200 m2, similar to new American and Australian homes . The housing indicator value of new homes (=150) is higher than for the existing stock (see Figure 2 above), which may cause fertility rates to gradually rise over the coming decades. The production of affordable motor vehicles is amongst the greatest achievements of the 20th century. Cars have revolutionised society, enabling the development of a suburban lifestyle culture, which combines the advantages of city life, with the luxury of ample living space. Motor vehicles symbolise freedom and prosperity. In New Zealand they are regarded as a right-of-passage, representing the important transition from adolescence to being an independent adult. International statistics show that New Zealanders have one of the highest rates of motor vehicle ownership in the World (Figure 5). Toyota is the most popular make, while Holden Commodore (right) is the most popular model.",0
Georgy_Klimov,"Georgy_Klimov  2012-11-17T17:09:14Z   Georgy Klimov (Russian: Гео́ргий Андре́евич Кли́мов, Georgiy Andreyevich Klimov) (September 23, 1928 – April 29, 1997) was a Russian linguist and a leading specialist of the Caucasian languages. His interest primarily focused on the Kartvelian linguistics, but also encompassed Burushaski and ""Amerind"" languages. Born in Leningrad, Klimov graduated from the Leningrad State University in 1952. From 1954 onward, he worked for the Institute of Linguistics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, becoming a professor there in 1988. He died in Moscow in 1997, leaving behind over 360 scholarly works and many projects uncompleted. Of these, Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages – a result of Klimov’s lifetime research – was published in 1998, and remains the best work in the comparative linguistics of Kartvelian languages. Template:Persondata This biographical article about a Russian academic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article on a linguist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Georgy_Klimov  2014-03-15T23:10:03Z   Georgy Klimov (Russian: Гео́ргий Андре́евич Кли́мов, Georgiy Andreyevich Klimov) (September 23, 1928 – April 29, 1997) was a Russian linguist and a leading specialist of the Caucasian languages. His interest primarily focused on the Kartvelian linguistics, but also encompassed Burushaski and ""Amerind"" languages. Born in Leningrad, Klimov graduated from the Leningrad State University in 1952. From 1954 onward, he worked for the Institute of Linguistics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, becoming a professor there in 1988. He died in Moscow in 1997, leaving behind over 360 scholarly works and many projects uncompleted. Of these, Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages – a result of Klimov’s lifetime research – was published in 1998, and remains the best work in the comparative linguistics of Kartvelian languages. Template:Persondata This article on a Russian linguist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Leon_Riley,"Leon_Riley  2010-01-28T22:25:39Z   Leon Francis Riley (August 20, 1906 — September 13, 1970) was an American player and manager in minor league baseball. During a playing career that stretched from 1927-42 and 1944-49, Riley appeared in 2,267 minor league games, with a brief trial with the 1944 Philadelphia Phillies during the World War II manpower shortage. He was the father of Pat Riley, the longtime player, coach, broadcaster and executive in the National Basketball Association who is currently president of the Miami Heat. Born in Princeton, Nebraska, Leon Riley was an outfielder and first baseman who stood 6'1"" (185 cm) tall, weighed 185 pounds (83. 9 kg), batted left-handed, and threw right-handed. Although he reached the top minor-league level in 116 games for the Rochester Red Wings (1932) and Baltimore Orioles (1939) of the Class AA International League, Riley spent most of his playing career in the Class A Western League, leading that loop in triples with 27 in 1929. In 1937, Riley became the playing manager with the Beatrice (Neb. ) Blues in the Class D Nebraska State League. The Blues finished well below . 500 that year, but Riley won the NSL batting title with a . 372 batting average. In 1938, the Blues posted a winning mark and Riley repeated as batting champ with a . 365 average, while also leading the NSL in runs batted in. He would manage for 11 seasons (1937-38; 1940-41; 1945-51) in the minor leagues, including stints in the farm systems of the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Phillies. Riley led the Class C Canadian-American League in home runs with 32 in 1941 and the Class D PONY League with 13 in 1945, when he was 39 years old. Over his long minor-league playing career, Riley batted . 314 with 2,418 hits and 248 home runs. In April 1944, at age 37, Riley appeared in four games for the Phillies, with 12 at bats, one hit (a double), and one RBI — for a career MLB batting average of . 083. As a manager, he led the Schenectady Blue Jays to the 1947 Can-Am League championship. Leon Riley died in Schenectady at age 64 in September 1970.,  Leon_Riley  2012-04-28T21:43:50Z   Leon Francis Riley, Sr. (August 20, 1906 – September 13, 1970) was an American player and manager in minor league baseball. During a playing career that stretched from 1927 to 1942 and 1944 to 1949, Riley appeared in 2,267 minor league games for 21 different teams, with a brief trial with the 1944 Philadelphia Phillies during the World War II manpower shortage. He was the father of Lee and Pat Riley. Leon Riley was an outfielder and first baseman who stood 6 ft 1 in (1. 85 m) (185 cm) tall, weighed 185 pounds (83. 9 kg), batted left-handed, and threw right-handed. Although he reached the top minor-league level in 116 games for the Rochester Red Wings (1932) and Baltimore Orioles (1939) of the Class AA International League, he spent most of his playing career in the Class A Western League, leading that loop in triples with 27 in 1929. In 1937, Riley became the playing manager with the Beatrice Blues in the Class D Nebraska State League. The Blues finished well below . 500 that year, but Riley won the NSL batting title with a . 372 batting average. In 1938, the Blues posted a winning mark and Riley repeated as batting champ with a . 365 average, while also leading the NSL in runs batted in. He would manage for 11 seasons (1937–38; 1940–41; 1945–51) in the minor leagues, including stints in the farm systems of the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Phillies. Riley led the Class C Canadian-American League in home runs with 32 in 1941 and the Class D PONY League with 13 in 1945, when he was 39 years old. Over his long minor-league playing career, Riley batted . 314 with 2,418 hits and 248 home runs. In April 1944, at age 37, Riley appeared in four games for the Phillies, with 12 at bats, one hit (a double), and one RBI — for a career MLB batting average of . 083. As a manager, he led the Schenectady Blue Jays to the 1947 Can-Am League championship. Leon Riley died in Schenectady, New York, aged 64, in 1970. Template:Persondata",0
Baby Blues,"Baby Blues  2019-01-08T00:12:39Z  Baby Blues is an American comic strip created and produced by Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott since January 7, 1990. Distributed by King Features Syndicate since 1995, the strip focuses on the MacPherson family and specifically on the raising of the three MacPherson children. When the strip debuted, the MacPherson family consisted of Darryl and Wanda and newborn Zoe. The first strip took place in the hospital room shortly after Zoe was born. Later, two more children—Hammie, the middle child and the only son, and Wren, the youngest child—were added to the family. Both Kirkman and Scott have drawn from their own parenting experiences as a source for the strip's content. The strip features three families, according to the strip's ""Family Tree"" page. The children in Baby Blues have aged as the strip has progressed, although at a slower rate than real-time. Kirkman and Scott have stated that the strip's timeline is ""about a 3 to 1 ratio."" As of 2018, Zoe, Hammie and Wren are 9, 7, and 19 months respectively. In 2000, Baby Blues was adapted into an animated cartoon series which aired on the WB Television Network for a few weeks in the summer, from July 28 to August 24, 2000, before being cancelled due to low-ratings. The animated version's timeline was from when Darryl and Wanda first gave birth to Zoe. Mike O'Malley supplied the voice of Darryl while Julia Sweeney played Wanda. The Baby Blues television series differed from the comic strip by focusing on Darryl and Wanda's relationship with the Bittermans, a neighbor family with three children (Rodney, Megan, and Shelby); Kenny, Darryl's co-worker; and Bizzy, the babysitter for Zoe. Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott had only minimal creative control over the television series. The WB typically aired two episodes each week, thus enabling eight different episodes to be shown in the five-week run, before cancelling the series due to low-ratings. The remaining unaired episodes were broadcast on Cartoon Network during the Adult Swim block in 2002. A second season consisting of 13 episodes of Baby Blues was produced, but has never aired, and it is unknown if these episodes will ever air on television, or have a DVD or blu-ray release. Reruns are occasionally shown on Adult Swim and TBS. The theme song was ""It's All Been Done"" by the Barenaked Ladies. Baby Blues has been translated into French. This strip appeared in Canadian French-language newspapers on January 14, 2006.,  Baby Blues  2020-12-03T18:20:33Z  Baby Blues is an American comic strip created and produced by Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott since January 7, 1990. Distributed by King Features Syndicate since 1995, the strip focuses on the MacPherson family and specifically on the raising of the three MacPherson children. When the strip debuted, the MacPherson family consisted of Darryl and Wanda and newborn Zoe. The first strip took place in the hospital room shortly after Zoe was born. Later, two more children—Hammie, the middle child and the only son, and Wren, the youngest child—were added to the family. Both Kirkman and Scott have drawn from their own parenting experiences as a source for the strip's content. The strip features three families. The MacPhersons are the main focus. Butch and Bunny together with Yolanda and Mike make occasional appearances. The children in Baby Blues have aged as the strip has progressed, although at a slower rate than real-time. Kirkman and Scott have stated that the strip's timeline is ""about a 3 to 1 ratio."" As of 2020, Zoe, Hammie and Wren are 9, 7, and 2 respectively. The first three Scrapbooks in the list below were not labelled ""scrapbook"" and didn't get a number, but they can be assumed to be number 1, 2 and 3 in that series because in the time line they precede number 4 of the Scrapbooks, and all of these books follow the same concept, i.e. they are collections of Baby Blues strips from the newspapers. Starting with Scrapbook 30, the books come in a larger format and contain more strips. Scrapbooks are paperbacks. Treasuries are collections / compilations from strips in the Scrapbooks. Almost all of the Treasuries are paperbacks, just one is a hardcover (marked as ""HC"" here below). These two books are not labelled ""treasuries"", but follow a similar concept, i.e. they also repeat strips from the Scrapbooks, but emphasize a specific topic (school; the relationship between Darryl and Wanda). They are paperbacks. These books are collections / compilations similar to the Treasuries, but the Gift Books are smaller in size and come as hardcovers. Baby Blues was adapted into an animated television series for The WB. The animated version's timeline was from when Darryl and Wanda first gave birth to Zoe. Mike O'Malley supplied the voice of Darryl while Julia Sweeney played Wanda. The first eight episodes of Baby Blues originally aired on The WB from July 28 to August 24, 2000, before being canceled. The five remaining episodes from the first season eventually aired on Adult Swim in 2002. A second season consisting of 13 episodes was produced but never aired. The television series differed from the comic strip by focusing on Darryl and Wanda's relationship with the Bittermans, a neighbor family with three children (Rodney, Megan, and Shelby); Kenny, Darryl's co-worker; and Bizzy, the babysitter for Zoe. Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott had only minimal creative control over the television series. The theme song was ""It's All Been Done"" by the Barenaked Ladies. Baby Blues has been translated into French and German. This strip appeared in Canadian French-language newspapers on January 14, 2006.",1
Ken_Fantetti,"Ken_Fantetti  2009-12-23T04:24:31Z   {{NFL. com player}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata. Ken Fantetti (born April 7, 1957) is a former American Football linebacker who played in the NFL for the Detroit Lions from 1979 through 1985. He played college football at the University of Wyoming. After retirement, he opened a mobile restaurant near Portland, Oregon. This biographical article relating to an American football linebacker born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Ken_Fantetti  2012-05-05T02:37:02Z   Ken Fantetti (born April 7, 1957) is a former American football linebacker who played in the NFL for the Detroit Lions from 1979 through 1985. Fantetti was born in Toledo, Oregon, in 1957 and played college football at the University of Wyoming from 1975 to 1978. As a senior in 1978, he had 124 tackles, including 73 unassisted tackles, and was selected as an All-American by the Football Writers Association of America. He had 15 unassisted tackles and nine assists in a 1978 game against Utah. He was also selected as the Western Athletic Conference Defensive Player of the Year in 1978. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the second round (37th overall pick) of the 1979 NFL Draft. At the time, Lions head coach Monte Clark called Fantetti ""a deluxe hitter -- which means he's something special. He's an old fashioned, rough and tough, hard-nosed football player. "" Fantetti played in 95 games for the Lions from 1979 to 1985. In 2008, Fantetti opened a barbecue restaurant called Big Ken's BBQ in Portland, Oregon. He was inducted into the University of Wyoming Athletics Hall of Fame in 2003. Fantetti's biography at the Hall of Fame describes him as one of ""greatest impact players"" and ""devastating linebackers"" in Wyoming history. Template:Persondata",0
Leena Jumani,"Leena Jumani  2010-03-09T16:23:49Z  Leena Jaumai is an Indian television actress. She is playing in the serial Bandini on NDTV Imagine the role of a girl called Kemhi who lives in a small village in Gujrat. Because of the success of the serial she would famous and successful. Becuase of her big success Ekta Kapoor gave another role in the serial Koi Aane Ko Hai as Nadita on Colors (TV channel). ,  Leena Jumani  2011-12-03T21:16:48Z  Leena Jumani is born on 16 July 1989. She is an Indian television actress and model. She is famous for her role as Khemi in Bandini. Leena Jumani is born on 16 July 1989. She is from Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India. She is an Indian television actress and model. She is famous for her role as Khemi in Bandini. But recently Leena Jumani has quit Bandini because she wasn't happy where her character was heading so she has quit. With her role in Bandini she became very famous and successful. Before Bandini she has done many Gujrat films. Because of her big success Ekta Kapoor gave her another role in Koi Aane Ko Hai on Colors as Suhasi. After the ending of Koi Aane Ko Hai on Colors and Bandini on NDTV Imagine she was last seen doing a cameo in Tere Liye on Star Plus. From November 15 she is doing a lead role in Ganga Ki Dheej on Sahara One. Leena has done many Gujrat films before, but her biggest success was her role in Bandini. In Bandini she is a village girl called Khemi who belongs to a poor family. She falls in love with Hiten (Mrunal Jain), the son of Dharamraj Mahiyavanshi. In Koi Anne Ko Hai she has a lead role where she portrays the role of Suhasi and Savita. She has also been on a special episode in Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna and Aahat. She was last seen in a cameo in Tere Liye on Star Plus. After Tere Liye, she started to play in Aahat. From November 15 she is playing a lead role in Ganga Kii Dheej on Sahara One. After her performance in ganga ki dheej as pakhi she got many fans all over the world.she gave life to character pakhi. In ganga ki dheej she paired with mohit raina(agantuk). Both of them shared a sizzling chemistry on screen. After ganga ki dheej both of them are famous by the name agankhi. After her previous shows she is currently essaying the role of Ira Kaushal in Zee TV's Chhoti Si Zindagi.",1
News Breakfast,"News Breakfast  2017-02-28T06:11:45Z  ABC News Breakfast is an Australian news breakfast television program which broadcasts on ABC and ABC News 24 from 6am to 9am on weekdays. The program airs live in all Australian timezones on free-to-air digital channel ABC News 24. It is also streamed live on the ABC's website and broadcast live on Foxtel pay television service. It is also broadcast on the Australia Network throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The program commenced broadcasting on 3 November 2008 on ABC2, with hosts Virginia Trioli and Michael Rowland. They are joined by sport presenter Paul Kennedy, finance presenter Del Irani and weather presenter Kristen Veness. Erin Vincent is the program's executive producer. ABC News Breakfast covers the latest news, analysis, debate, finance, sport and weather. It draws upon the resources of ABC newsrooms and radio programs across Australia and the world. The program is broadcast live on ABC in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania all-year round. It is broadcast on a 30-minute delay in South Australia (all-year) and the Northern Territory (wintertime). On wintertime, Queensland broadcasts the program live, while Western Australia airs the program on a two hour delay. During summer, when only some Australian states adopt daylight saving time, Queensland receives the program on a one hour delay, a 90-minute delay in the Northern Territory and on a three-hour delay in Western Australia. Either way, ABC News 24 broadcasts the program live across Australia from 6am AEST/AEDT. In May 2011, the program moved to ABC, with children's programming moving to ABC2 and ABC3. In November 2011, it was announced that the ABC News Breakfast brand would spread to the weekend with Weekend Breakfast hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. In January 2014, ABC News Breakfast had an extensive makeover, launching a larger new and improved set with three different individual presenting areas. The set includes a news desk, a newswall presenting area and a soft set with seating. The new set kept the existing couch that has been seen on air since the show's launch. Weekend Breakfast is a mix of live breaking news and discussion, interviews with newsmakers and the weekend sport and weather hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. The show began on 4 February 2012 and airs from 8am to 11:30am on weekend mornings on ABC News 24. The program features a number of regular segments and guests which appear each morning discussing the latest news and politics. ,  News Breakfast  2018-12-30T21:49:22Z  News Breakfast is an Australian news breakfast television program which broadcasts on ABC TV and on the ABC News channel from 6am to 9am on weekdays. The program airs live in all Australian timezones at 6am AEST/AEDT. It is also streamed live on the ABC's website and the Australia Network throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The program commenced broadcasting on 3 November 2008 as ABC News Breakfast on ABC2, with hosts Virginia Trioli, Barrie Cassidy (Monday-Thursday) and Joe O'Brien (Friday), sport presenter Paul Kennedy and weather presenter Vanessa O'Hanlon. News Breakfast is currently hosted by Virginia Trioli and Michael Rowland and they are joined by sport presenter Paul Kennedy, finance presenter Del Irani and weather presenter Nate Byrne. Erin Vincent is the program's executive producer. News Breakfast covers the latest news, analysis, debate, finance, sport and weather. It draws upon the resources of ABC newsrooms and radio programs across Australia and the world. The program is broadcast live on ABC in the states of New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, and Tasmania all-year round. It is broadcast on a 30-minute delay in South Australia (all-year) and the Northern Territory (wintertime). On wintertime, Queensland broadcasts the program live, while Western Australia airs the program on a two-hour delay. During summer, when only some Australian states adopt daylight saving time, Queensland receives the program on a one-hour delay, a 90-minute delay in the Northern Territory and on a three-hour delay in Western Australia. Either way, the ABC News channel broadcasts the program live across Australia from 6am AEST/AEDT. In May 2011, the program moved to ABC, with children's programming moving to ABC2 and ABC3. In November 2011, it was announced that the ABC News Breakfast brand would expand to the weekend with Weekend Breakfast hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. In January 2014, ABC News Breakfast had an extensive makeover, launching a larger new and improved set with three different individual presenting areas. The set includes a news desk, a newswall presenting area and a soft set with seating. The new set kept the existing couch that has been seen on air since the show's launch. In April 2017, following the refresh of the ABC News brand, the show rebranded to News Breakfast. Weekend Breakfast is a mix of live breaking news and discussion, interviews with newsmakers and the weekend sport and weather hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Johanna Nicholson. The show began on 4 February 2012 and airs from 8am to 11:30am on weekend mornings on the ABC News channel. The Breakfast Couch is a highlights show which covers the best arts and entertainment chats from the previous week on News Breakfast. The show began on 12 August 2017. The program features a number of regular segments and guests which appear each morning discussing the latest news and politics.",1
Pao_suvattii,"Pao_suvattii  2007-12-30T17:16:01Z   The Tetraodon Suvattii, or Arrowhead puffer belongs to the family Tetraodontidae and is a average sized fish and can grow up to 6 inches in length. It is also known as a Pignose Puffer or a Mekong Puffer. It is commonly found in Mekong basin in southeastern Asia, and is exclusively a fresh water fish. Of all the puffers in the Tetraodon Genus, the T. Suvatti is among the most aggressive. When confronted by a intruder the T. Suvatti will first react by staring intently, if the fish refuses to back down the T. Suvatti will then lower it's head and charge the other fish. The Suvatti will then open its mouth and slowly move toward the other fish, if the other fish is still not threatened enough by this, the Suvatti will turn and position its broadside toward the invading fish and inflate its body, it then will swim in front of the fish in a zigzag pattern, it will lower i's head and open its mouth to show its teeth, if the warning of inflation does not scare away the invading fish, the Suvatti will attack the fish and inflict serious wounds or it will kill the fish. Just Like their saltwater cousins, the T. Suvatti contains tetrodotoxin within their skin, and organs. Normally when T. Suvatti's are kept as pets they must be kept in an aquarium by themselves as they have a tendency to always beagressive& hungry, unless they are constantly fed, and thus they will nibble on the other fish's tails, and occasionally will make a meal of the other fish. Because of the Suvatti's eating habits, it should normally only be fed every other day. During a feeding the Suvatti will shoot up to the surface and guzzle down large amounts of food causing it to double in size. The Arrowhead Puffer can be purchased at most pet stores that carry exotic fishes for around 20-30 USD, and they do not require extensive knowledge about fish to take care of, since they are a fairly hardy freshwater species. Basic care would include not feeding the fish any red meat or chicken as this can lead to cirossis of the liver, due to a build-up of fatty protein. For a single species aquarium this fish would make a great pet, and they have been known to live up to 10 years in a maintained aquarium. ,  Pao_suvattii  2008-10-24T17:45:32Z   The Tetraodon suvattii, or Arrowhead puffer belongs to the family Tetraodontidae and is an average sized fish and can grow up to 6 inches in length. It is also known as a Pignose Puffer or a Mekong Puffer. It is commonly found in Mekong basin in southeastern Asia, and is exclusively a fresh water fish. Of all the puffers in the Tetraodon Genus, the T. Suvatti is among the most aggressive. When confronted by an intruder the T. Suvatti will first react by staring intently, if the fish refuses to back down the T. Suvatti will then lower its head and charge the other fish. The Suvatti will then open its mouth and slowly move toward the other fish, if the other fish is still not threatened enough by this, the Suvatti will turn and position its broadside toward the invading fish and inflate its body, it then will swim in front of the fish in a zigzag pattern, it will lower i's head and open its mouth to show its teeth, if the warning of inflation does not scare away the invading fish, the Suvatti will attack the fish and inflict serious wounds or it will kill the fish. Just Like their saltwater cousins, the T. Suvatti contains tetrodotoxin within their skin, and organs. Normally when T. Suvatti's are kept as pets they must be kept in an aquarium by themselves as they have a tendency to always be aggressive and hungry, unless they are well-fed, and thus they will nibble on the other fish's tails, and occasionally will make a meal of the other fish. Because of the Suvatti's eating habits, it should normally only be fed every other day. During a feeding the Suvatti will shoot up to the surface and guzzle down large amounts of food causing it to double in size. The Arrowhead Puffer can be purchased at most pet stores that carry exotic fishes for around 20-30 USD. Basic care would include the feeding of live fish, gut-loaded ghost shrimp, crayfish, and perhaps raw shrimp or mussels Never overfeed the fish or give it red meat or chicken as this can lead to fatty liver disease, which is usually fatal. For a single species aquarium this fish would make a great pet, and they have been known to live up to 10 years in a well-maintained aquarium - which, as with all puffers, means water changes of 50% each week, with good water movement and absolutely no ammonia or nitrites, and minimal nitrates.",0
Brisbane Broncos,"Brisbane Broncos  2020-01-23T22:03:13Z  The Brisbane Broncos Rugby League Football Club Ltd., commonly referred to as the Broncos, are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. Founded in April 1988, the Broncos play in Australia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships, including two NSWRL titles, a Super League premiership and three NRL premierships. They also have two World Club Challenges. The Broncos have achieved four minor premierships during their 29 years in multiple competitions, making them Rugby League's most successful club over the past three decades. Until 2015, Brisbane had never been defeated in a grand final, and since 1991, have only failed to qualify for the finals twice. They are one of the most successful clubs in the National Rugby League since it began in 1998, winning three premierships (second only to the Sydney Roosters' four). It is also one of the most successful clubs in the history of rugby league, having won 62.5% of games played since its induction in 1988, second only to Melbourne Storm with 65.2%. Since the club's founding, Brisbane has never received the wooden spoon. The club records the highest annual revenue of all NRL clubs – $A32.8m for the 2012 financial year – and is one of the most valuable clubs of any code in Australia, worth over $42 million. Along with financial competitiveness, the Broncos have been voted one of Australia's most popular and most watched football teams, and has one of the highest average attendances of any rugby league club in the world; 33,337 in the 2012 NRL season. The club was founded in April 1988 as part of the Winfield Cup's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. The Broncos later became the dominant force in the competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the newly created National Rugby League competition. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located, but they play their home games at Milton's Lang Park. It is the only publicly listed sporting club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). The club's current head coach is former South Sydney Rabbitohs coach, Anthony Seibold, who was the Dally M coach of the year for 2018. Queensland's success in the 1980s, the early years of the State of Origin series between Queensland and New South Wales, in addition to the inclusion of a combined Brisbane Rugby League team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane licence, the Queensland Rugby League chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. At the first meeting with the NSWRL hierarchy, the newly formed Brisbane Broncos were asked to pay a $500,000 fee. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain Wally Lewis and former BRL coach Wayne Bennett. The team made their debut in the NSWRL's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership against reigning premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, and defeated them 44–10. However, after this promising start they failed to make the finals. In their second season they won the mid-week knockout competition, the 1989 Panasonic Cup. The club first tasted premiership success in 1992, and again in 1993, defeating the St. George Dragons in both years at Sydney Football Stadium. In 1990, in order to increase in the Winfield Cup, Wayne Bennett controversially sacked Wally Lewis as the Broncos' captain and inserted Gene Miles into the job. Once Gene Miles retired, Wayne thought he could lessen the reliance on Wally Lewis, who he said was not a good club man or a good trainer. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the last clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit (The Canberra Raiders, Canterbury Bulldogs and Cronulla Sharks were the first to sign, and it was only revealed many years later that the Broncos were in fact one of the last clubs to sign for either competition). Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. Brisbane won the only Super League premiership in 1997, before winning the first National Rugby League trophy in the re-unified 1998 competition. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Allan Langer retired mid-season, perhaps as a result of the team's form. Despite the club's mid-season turnaround, which resulted in qualification for the finals after an 11-match winning streak, the team was eliminated by the Cronulla Sharks in the first week of the finals. However, the Broncos' rebounded in 2000 with their fifth premiership, defeating the Sydney Roosters. The game marked the retirement of veterans Kevin Walters and Michael Hancock. Not long after the disappointment of the previous year, in 2000, the Broncos rested on the very top of the ladder from round 4. Queensland Representative, Allan Langer returned to the club in 2002 for one season before eventually retiring. 2002 was also the beginning of Brisbane's ""post-Origin slump"", which has haunted the club in the years since. Many players represent Queensland in the State of Origin series, with 7 Broncos players on average included in the Queensland Origin team. This extra workload has caused a loss of form for the club immediately after the series, evidenced in 2003 when the ladder-leading Broncos lost 10 of their last 11 games. Despite faring better in 2004 and 2005, the team still struggled in the latter stages of the season, losing all of their finals matches. In 2006, after a strong early and mid-season performance, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. However, they reversed this run of form, winning 6 of their last 7 games including the premiership decider against the Melbourne Storm and keeping their perfect Grand Final record intact. After a dismal 2007 season in which they only scraped into the finals, coach Wayne Bennett announced he would leave at the end of 2008 after twenty-one years as coach. Ivan Henjak, a former professional rugby league footballer who had been assistant coach with the Broncos since the beginning of 2006, was named their second-ever coach, commencing as coach for the 2009 season. Their 2009 season included their worst-ever post-Origin slump, featuring three matches in a row where the opposing team scored more than 40 points, concluding with a 56–0 loss to Canberra on 1 August 2009. They rallied around and in their match against Penrith two rounds later, they won 58–24. This snapback (after Penrith, they won the rest of their games that season) got them into the finals for the 18th year running, but they fell against Melbourne in the 3rd preliminary final by 40–10. Their 2010 season started moderately: a 30–24 win against North Queensland, a 14–22 loss to Canberra, and a 48–16 hammering by the Warriors on 28 March 2010. On Monday 29 March, former Broncos player and recruitment agent Allan Langer was caught drink-driving in Brisbane's northside. Apart from a late season 10–6 win against eventual premiers St George Illawarra, the 2010 season was one to forget; with injuries and poor form seeing the Broncos out of the finals for the first time since 1991. The Broncos missing the finals now means that every club has missed the finals at least once since the 2002 season. In February 2011, it was announced that Ivan Henjak was to be sacked from the club, only three weeks before the beginning of the season. Anthony Griffin took over as coach for the 2011 season, becoming just the third head coach in the history of the Brisbane Broncos. He led the club to a third-place finish at the end of the season, losing to eventual premiers Manly in the preliminary finals. 2012 marked the Broncos' 25th season in the NRL competition. They finished eighth on the premiership ladder, and were knocked out of the finals in the first week, losing 33–16 to the North Queensland Cowboys in Townsville. 2013 saw the Broncos finish 12th on the NRL ladder, marking its lowest ever finish in the club's history and seeing the club out of the finals for only the second time since 1991. In what is considered by some commentators to be one of the best Grand Finals in recent history the 2015 NRL Grand Final against the North Queensland Cowboys went in to Golden Point overtime for the first time. After a Cowboys try, Johnathan Thurston had missed a match winning try conversion after the 80 minutes, kick off was given to the Broncos, with a promising chance to the Broncos, only resulting in a knock-on by Bronco's Half-Back, Ben Hunt. After the ball spill, the ball was given back to the Cowboys and Johnathan Thurston kicked a field goal 2 minutes into the Golden Point period to win the match for the North Queensland Cowboys 17-16. In the 2017 NRL season, the Brisbane Broncos highest try-scorer of 2017 is former Gold Coast Titans Centre, James Roberts with 15 tries, 2888 run metres, 4 try-assists and 289 tackles. In December 2017, the Brisbane Broncos expressed their interest in applying for a licence to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership season. In March 2018, the club was granted a license to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's season, starting in August. The club won the inaugural season of the competition, defeating the Sydney Roosters by 34–12 in the Grand Final. In the 2018 NRL season, Brisbane finished in 6th place on the table at the end of the regular season. The following week, Brisbane were eliminated from the finals series after being defeated 48-18 by a highly unfancied St George-Illawarra side. The loss was also the final game for retiring Brisbane player Sam Thaiday. After the 2018 season, Wayne Bennett was sacked as the head coach for making preseason plans with the South Sydney Rabbitohs for the following year. The coaching swap between Wayne Bennett and Anthony Seibold that was planned for 2020 between the Broncos and Rabbitohs happened immediately and Seibold took over. In the 2019 NRL season, Brisbane finished in 8th place on the table at the end of the regular season with 11 wins, 1 draw and 12 losses. At the beginning of the season, Brisbane endured their worst start to a year since entering the competition in 1988 but won 5 of their last 8 games to qualify for the finals. They played Parramatta in week one of the finals at the new Western Sydney Stadium and lost the match 58-0, marking the club's worst ever defeat. It was also the biggest finals loss in the history of the competition which eclipsed the previous record set by Newtown when they defeated St George 55-7 in the 1944 finals series. It also extended the club's longest ever premiership drought to thirteen seasons. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears (later the Brisbane Lions), the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. This name was chosen by Barry Maranta because he was a fan of NFL team, Denver Broncos. The Australian newspaper has described the name as ""Mystifyingly American"". The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favored the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolizing the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland rugby league team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favor of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours – mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favor of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. International Sports Clothing became Brisbane's kit provider in October 2016, replacing long-time suppliers Nike. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at the 52,500 capacity Lang Park (or more commonly referred to as ""Suncorp Stadium"" due to sponsorship of Suncorp, Australia), the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust due to a sponsorship conflict with the QRL having a commercial agreement with Castlemaine XXXX brewery with prominent signs around the ground, while the Broncos were sponsored by rival brewery Powers who were not permitted any permanent signs (the Broncos initially got around this by not using the change rooms at half time during games, instead sitting on the ground with a temporary protective banner surrounding them which just happened to have prominent Powers logos), the team relocated to the 60,000 capacity ANZ Stadium in 1993 (ANZ had been the main stadium of the 1982 Commonwealth Games). The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's first premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined and it was not until 2002 that the club again registered more than the 1996 average attendance of 23,712. ANZ Stadium, as the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre was called at the time due to sponsorship rights, was featured on an episode of The Mole in April 2002. With the Queensland Government's $280,000,000 redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract larger crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 50,859 for Darren Lockyer's final home game. Before kick-off at the Stadium an instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's ""Kashmir"" is routinely played. The Broncos all-time home attendance record was set at ANZ Stadium during the 1997 Super League Grand Final when 58,912 saw the Broncos defeat the Cronulla Sharks 26-8 to claim the only Super League premiership played in Australia. Buck the Bronco is currently the Broncos mascot. Located in 98 Fulcher Road, Queensland, Australia (4059), the Brisbane Broncos League is the Broncos training ground and includes a restaurant and buffet. The Brisbane Broncos have also purchased the TAFE (opposite the club) and have recently built a new training field and building. The Broncos' training ground is also used for the Australian Kangaroos. The club is located within Gilbert Park and opened in 1988. Wests Juniors Football Club originally called Gilbert Park home, with the small clubhouse beside owned by Wests Old Boys. These two clubs merged in 1967 and in 1987 was purchased to form Broncos Leagues Club. The Brisbane Broncos have the largest fan base of any NRL club and they have been voted the most popular rugby league team in Australia for several years. A Broncos supporters group called ""The Thoroughbreds"" which is made up of prominent businessmen, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase News Ltd's controlling share of the club in 2007. Average regular season attendance Notable supporters Notable supporters of this club, amongst others, include: The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd., a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. BGM Projects is another major shareholder. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club's original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. In 2011 Cullen was replaced by current CEO Paul White. Rugby league player Darren Lockyer is a member of the board of directors. NRMA Insurance are the major sponsors of the Broncos as of 2011, replacing WOW Sight & Sound. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by both 612 ABC Brisbane (except games played on Monday Night) and 4MMM. Channel Nine Queensland also sponsors the Broncos, although former player Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. In 2012, local Brisbane based company Firstmac Home Loans replaced WOW sight & Sound as sleeve sponsor for 3 years to launch into the retail financial services market. This sponsorship took only 9 days to negotiate following the announcement of WOW Sight & Sound going into receivership. Firstmac stipulated a unique clause in their contract that they could pay for 250 tickets to be distributed to WOW Sight & Sound staff that lost their jobs. Firstmac has since launched a Firstmac Broncos home loan in conjunction with their new sponsorship agreement. Between 1997 and 2016, the club's apparel was manufactured by Nike. From the 2017 season, International Sports Clothing has replaced Nike as the club's apparel manufacturer. The Brisbane Broncos' first major sponsor was Powers Brewing who sponsored them until 1993. The Broncos currently have a number of sponsorship deals with the following: Head coach Assistant coaches Updated: 4 March 2024Source(s): Broncos Team Profiles Due to the club's premiership success and its being the dominant Queensland team in the competition for the majority of its participation, the Brisbane Broncos' list of representative players is extensive. Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20-man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20-year anniversary. Updated: 9 May 2007Source(s): Broncos Name Legends Team Salary Cap Manager The Brisbane Broncos are the second most successful club in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 63.63% of their games, as of 29 August 2012. This is marginally less (0.01%) than first placed Melbourne Storm. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of seven Grand Finals, winning 6 and losing 1 to the North Qld Cowboys in 2015. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Former team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for both the club and National League. Lockyer did also hold the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,171 since his debut in 1995, before Corey Parker overtook him in August, 2015 with 1,222 career points for Brisbane Broncos. Darren Lockyer also holds the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Darren Lockyer was named Fullback in Queensland Rugby League's Team of the Century in 1998-2007 and he won 4 grand finals with the Brisbane Broncos (including a Clive Churchill Medal) and a World Cup title with Australia. He also won the Golden Boot Award for world's best player in this position before switching to Five-eighth. Steve Renouf also shares the club record for the most number of tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. After over a decade after Steve Renouf's move from the Brisbane Broncos to Wigan Warriors, he was still the club's all-time try scorer with a 142 career tries. Five times, he has scored 4 tries in a single match from 1991 to 1998 and was known as one of the greatest centres the game has ever seen. In 2008, Steve Renouf was named centre in the Indigenous Team of the Century. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. He also won the 1999 Brisbane Broncos season's rookie of the year award. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008, breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. He also scored a try on debut during 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48–12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. In 2013, Corey Parker was named Dally M Lock of the Year and in 2009 received the Broncos' Paul Morgan Award. Corey Parker also received the Paul Morgan Award yet again in 2013 and 2015. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf (5 times), Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and Australian Wallabies player, Israel Folau. Wendell Sailor has held the record for the most tries scored in a finals match (four tries against St. George Illawarra Dragons, Semi-final 2001, Brisbane won 44-28). The most field goals in a match however hasn't been past one field goal which has been accomplished several times. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71–6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 58-0 loss by the Paramatta Eels on 15 September 2019 . The clubhouse 's highest winning margin in a grand final is by 26 points against Canterbury Bulldogs (38-12, against Canterbury Bulldogs, grand final, 1998). In, 2017 NRL season, the Brisbane Broncos' highest try-scorer of 2017 is former Gold Coast Titans Centre, James Roberts with 15 tries. Highest point-scorer is Jordan Kahu with 67 goals and 8 tries. The most metres ran in the season is by Tautau Moga with 3410 metres. The Broncos biggest rivals are the North Queensland Cowboys. The two clubs had a long-standing 'sibling rivalry' with the Cowboys characterized as the underdog. The rivalry increased in intensity after the Cowboys won their first premiership, beating the Broncos at the 2015 Grand Final at ANZ Stadium. Considered one of the greatest grand finals of all time, the win established the Cowboys as competitive equals. Between 2015 and 2017 a staggering 3 of 5 of the games played between the two clubs led to a Golden Point finish. It is regarded as one of the greatest sports rivalries and is considered the fiercest rivalry by far in the NRL, earning the nickname of the ""Queensland derby"". Since the 2000 Grand Final between the Roosters and Broncos, both clubs have built on a rivalry which still continues today. From 2002 to 2010, the Roosters and the Broncos played in the traditional Good Friday match. Another notable rivalry is with fellow debutants from 1988, the Newcastle Knights. From the omission of the Gold Coast Chargers at the end of the 1998 season until the arrival of the Gold Coast Titans in the 2007 season, the Knights were geographically the closest club to the Broncos. Adding to this, players from both Brisbane and Newcastle have featured heavily in the annual State of Origin sides for Queensland and New South Wales respectively. Since the 2006 Grand Final where Brisbane etched out Melbourne in a thriller, a rivalry still continues today between the two clubs. Adding to this, both Brisbane and Melbourne usually feature heavily in Queensland's annual State of Origin side. The rivalry remains due to the fact that the Titans are geographically the closest club to the Broncos. Brisbane previously enjoyed the rivalry with the Gold Coast Chargers, until the Chargers exited the competition at the end of 1998 season, returning as the Gold Coast Titans in 2007. The Brisbane Broncos have five split feeder clubs from the Queensland Cup (Redcliffe Dolphins, Ipswich Jets, Northern Suburbs Devils, Souths Logan Magpies and Wynnum-Manly Seagulls, making the Broncos the only club with more than three affiliated feeder clubs. Former feeder clubs of the Broncos were Aspley Broncos and Toowoomba Clydesdales and Burleigh Bears, who switched to the Gold Coast Titans. The Broncos' victory song, ""We're The Broncos"": We’re the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We’re the Broncos The greatest team on earth We’re the heart of all Queensland Never stop We never rest On and on we beat the best Never giving up we bleed maroon and gold For the league We risk it all Miles above We’re standing tall We’re the finest and the greatest club of all We’re the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We breathe in our soul The best game of all We are the Broncos of Queensland Hey!! In 2017, the Brisbane Broncos launched a bid to enter a team in the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership in 2018. On 27 March 2018, the club won a license to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's season, on the back of a strong bid which included the NRL's desire for a geographical spread. Paul Dyer was named as the coach of the women's side, but stepped down after the inaugural season to concentrate on his role as game development manager. Kelvin Wright was named his replacement in May 2019. In June 2018, Ali Brigginshaw, Brittany Breayley, Heather Ballinger, Teuila Fotu-Moala and Caitlyn Moran were unveiled as the club's first five signings. Tain Drinkwater was also appointed the CEO of the team. The club won the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership title by defeating the Sydney Roosters by 34–12 in the 2018 NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final. Broncos Women's Current Squad 2019 Chelsea Baker, Heather Ballinger, Ali Brigginshaw, Steph Hancock, Rona Peters, Amber Pilley, Meg Ward, Julia Robinson, Chelsea Lenarduzzi, Lavinia Gould Taylor Mapusua, Mariah Storch, Tazmin Gray, Annette Brander, Raecene McGregor, Millie Boyle, Amber Hall, Tarryn Aiken, Amy Turner, Jessika Elliston, Rosemary Vaimili-Toalepai, Tamika Upton Official sites Statistics & information sites Supporter sites Former Top-Flight Competition: Brisbane Rugby League premiership,  Brisbane Broncos  2021-12-29T22:35:51Z  The Brisbane Broncos Rugby League Football Club Ltd., commonly referred to as the Broncos, are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the city of Brisbane, the capital of the state of Queensland. Founded in April 1988, the Broncos play in Australia's elite competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. They have won six premierships, including two NSWRL titles, a Super League premiership and three NRL premierships. They also have two World Club Challenges. The Broncos have achieved four minor premierships during their 34 years in multiple competitions. Prior to 2015, Brisbane had never been defeated in a grand final, and since 1991, the club has failed to qualify for the finals five times. It is one of the most successful clubs in the National Rugby League since it began in 1998, winning three premierships (second only to the Sydney Roosters' four). It is one of the most successful clubs in the history of rugby league, having won 59.9% of games played since its induction in 1988, second only to Melbourne Storm with 67.3%. The club records the highest annual revenue of all NRL clubs – $A32.8m for the 2012 financial year – and is one of the most valuable clubs of any code in Australia, worth over $A42 million. Along with financial competitiveness, the Broncos have been voted one of Australia's most popular and most watched football teams, and has one of the highest average attendances of any rugby league club in the world; 33,337 in the 2012 NRL season. The club was founded in April 1988 as part of the Winfield Cup's national expansion, becoming, along with the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants, one of Queensland's first two participants in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. The Broncos later became the dominant force in the competition before playing a significant role in the Super League War of the mid-1990s, then continuing to compete successfully in the newly created National Rugby League competition. The Broncos are based in the Brisbane suburb of Red Hill where their training ground and Leagues club are located (27°26′54″S 152°59′46″E / 27.4483°S 152.9962°E / -27.4483; 152.9962 (Brisbane Broncos)), but they play their home games at Lang Park in Milton. It is the only publicly listed sports club on the Australian Securities Exchange, trading as Brisbane Broncos Limited (ASX: BBL). Following the conclusion of the 2020 regular season, in which the club secured its first wooden spoon, head coach Anthony Seibold announced his resignation on 26 August 2020. The Broncos Board moved quickly and offered Kevin Walters the vacant role of head coach on a 2-year contract. A Brisbane license was the Queensland Rugby League's direct response to the threat posed by the VFL's (now AFL) expansion team the Brisbane Bears which was granted a license in 1986 for entry in the 1987 season. Soon after the granting of the license, QRL officials mobilised, seeking a NSWRL franchise and rich backers. The aim of QRL general manager Ross Livermore was specifically to stifle the VFL's publicity and promotions in the state. The QRL's bid was bolstered by Queensland's success in the 1980s, the early years of the State of Origin series between Queensland and New South Wales, in addition to the inclusion of a combined Brisbane Rugby League team in the mid-week competition, convinced the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) to invite a Queensland-based team into the competition. After tough competition between the various syndicates for the Brisbane licence, the QRL chose the bid of former Brisbane Rugby League (BRL) players, Barry Maranta and Paul ""Porky"" Morgan. At the first meeting with the NSWRL hierarchy, the newly formed Brisbane Broncos were asked to pay a $500,000 fee. The Broncos secured the services of Australian Kangaroos captain Wally Lewis to be the inaugural club captain and former BRL and then Canberra Raiders coach Wayne Bennett, on top of a host of other talented players including Chris Johns, Allan Langer, Terry Matterson, Gene Miles and Kerrod Walters. The team made their debut in the NSWRL's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership against reigning premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, and defeated them 44–10. They sat inside the Top 4 for a majority of the season, even sitting in 1st for 3 weeks. But the competition race was so tight, a 16–4 loss to the South Sydney Rabbitohs in Round 14 was enough to drop them from 2nd to 6th. Brisbane would not return to the Top 5, and a 20–10 loss to eventual runners up Balmain Tigers denied them the chance to enter a playoff for 5th place. Leading into 1989, Brisbane recruited Sam Backo from the Raiders while Steve Renouf was given his first grade debut. In their second season they won the mid-week knockout competition, the 1989 Panasonic Cup, but their league performance again revolved around a midseason slump, this time a 5-game losing streak which dropped them from 2nd to 7th. Brisbane would recover to enter a playoff for the 5th and final spot in the finals, but lost 38–14 to the Cronulla Sharks, ending their season. Leading up to the 1990 season, Brisbane recruited Kevin Walters from Canberra. However, the biggest news was the decision of Bennett to remove Lewis as club captain on the basis that he wasn't a good trainer or teammate, with Miles resuming the captaincy of the side. While the move was controversial, it seemed to have the desired effect, as the Broncos finished the season in 2nd, qualifying for their maiden finals series. Their finals debut was an upset 26–16 loss to the Penrith Panthers in the major Preliminary Semi, before they beat Manly 12–4 in the Minor Semi to qualify for a Preliminary Final showdown with Canberra. With a spot in the Grand Final on the line, Brisbane collapsed in sensational fashion at the Sydney Football Stadium (SFS), losing 32–4. Lewis, still upset about Bennett's treatment of his captaincy, left the club to go to the Gold Coast. He was replaced by Trevor Gilmeister, who joined from the Eastern Suburbs Roosters. Unfortunately, Brisbane endured their worst season to date in 1991, spending just 2 weeks total inside the Top 5 and hovering around 10th for much of the year before a 5-game winning streak saw them finish 7th, just a solitary draw outside a playoff for 5th place. Leading up to 1992, Brisbane landed another major piece from the Raiders, premiership winning prop Glenn Lazarus. The retirement of Miles saw Langer appointed club captain. Despite the new captain, 1992 was by far their best season yet, never sitting below 4th on the ladder and finishing the season with the minor premiership. The Illawarra Steelers met them in the Major Semi Final, where Brisbane took a 22–12 win to go into the first Grand Final in club history. 14 days later, they met the St George Dragons at the SFS. After a cagey first half which saw Brisbane lead 8–6 at the break, the Broncos dominated the second 40 minutes, with Langer and backrower Allan Cann crossing for 2 tries each in a 28–8 victory. Langer was named Clive Churchill Medallist for his phenomenal performance. Brisbane's Premiership defence in 1993 got off to a slow start, but they would recover to return to contention for the minor premiership. On the last round of the season, Brisbane took on St George, needing a win to keep their minor premiership hopes alive. St George won 16–10, and wins to Manly and the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs saw Brisbane drop from 2nd all the way to 5th, plunging them into sudden death football, all matches being played in Sydney. They ended Manly's season with a dominant 36–10 win, then took on a Canberra side whose form had plummeted following a broken leg to superstar halfback Ricky Stuart, and Brisbane cast them aside 30–12. Brisbane then met minor premiers Canterbury for a spot in the Grand Final, and their season looked on tenterhooks as the Bulldogs took a 16-10 halftime lead. But Brisbane steeled and won 23–16, and set up a Grand Final rematch with the Dragons. No team had ever won the NSWRL from 5th, however Brisbane became the first to do so when they won a defensive dogfight 14–6, winning back to back premierships, the last team to do so in a unified comp until the Roosters in 2018–19. During that season, they also handed future dual-international winger Wendell Sailor his first grade debut. 1994 was a tough year for Brisbane, they didn't reach the Top 5 until Round 8 before dropping out and not returning until Round 17, ultimately finishing 5th. Brisbane again ended Manly's season in the first week of the finals, this time 16–4, but they could not repeat the magic of '93, with a Jason Taylor field goal ending their season in a heart breaking 15–14 loss to the North Sydney Bears. In 1995, the Super League War broke out. After threats of expulsion from the NSWRL, the Broncos were one of the last clubs to sign with the new league and all players followed suit (The Canberra Raiders, Canterbury Bulldogs and Cronulla Sharks were the first to sign, and it was only revealed many years later that the Broncos were in fact one of the last clubs to sign for either competition). Broncos CEO John Ribot moved to take over the running of the rebel Super League, leading to a perception that the conflict was orchestrated by the club. The 1995 season, the first under the ARL banner, went pretty well for Brisbane- they sat in the Top 4 for most of the year, finished 3rd, and unearthed a pair of future club legends- rugged prop Shane Webcke and future Golden Boot winner Darren Lockyer. Unfortunately, Brisbane couldn't capitalise in the first 8-team finals series, losing to the Raiders 14–8 in the qualifying final before falling 24–10 to the eventual Premiers, the now-Sydney Bulldogs. 1996 went pretty similarly- sit comfortably in the Top 4 and ultimately finish 2nd, only to lose 21–16 to North Sydney and 22–16 to the Cronulla Sharks to end their season. Brisbane's decision to side with the Super League saw a host of players join them from the ARL- most notably St George pair Anthony Mundine and Gordon Tallis, which offset the departure of longtime hooker Kerrod Walters to the Adelaide Rams. Brisbane dominated the Super League season, never leaving 1st position after Round 5 and beating Cronulla 34-2 and then 2 weeks later 26–8 to win the title in convincing fashion. Brisbane also competed in the World Club Challenge, going undefeated in their group (including a 76-0 demolition of Halifax Blue Sox), before beating St Helens 66–12, the Auckland Warriors 22-16 and the Hunter Mariners 36–12 to win the only edition of the costly tournament. Brisbane entered the 1998 NRL season as one of the favourites to win the unified competition- despite the return of Mundine to the Dragons and the departure of Lazarus to become the inaugural captain of the newly formed Melbourne Storm. Despite a rocky period which saw them drop to 6th after 14 rounds, Brisbane stormed home on a 12-game unbeaten run to seal the minor premiership. They were also able to fill the hole of Lazarus by debuting Petero Civoniceva. Despite this form however, they were stunned 15-10 by the Parramatta Eels in their first finals match, meaning they would need an extra game to qualify for the Grand Final. They responded in typical Brisbane style- routing Melbourne and Sydney City (formerly Eastern Suburbs) 30-6 and 46-18 respectively to qualify for the big dance, where they ended Canterbury's dream finals run with a 38–12 victory. The rampaging Tallis was named Clive Churchill Medallist after a dominant performance in the middle of the park, including a try from dummy half. 1999 was disappointing for the club with a terrible early-season form hindering their attempt at a third consecutive premiership losing 8 of their first 10 matches. Club legend Langer retired mid-season, with Kevin Walters taking over the captaincy. The club went on another 12 game unbeaten run and ultimately qualified for the finals in 8th position, however their season ended in a dominant 42–20 loss against minor premiers Cronulla. The season wasn't all negative, as future Queensland representatives Dane Carlaw, Lote Tuqiri and Chris Walker all made first grade debuts for the club, although club legend Renouf did leave to finish his career with the Wigan Warriors. But Brisbane responded with a dominant 2000 season, buoyed by the signing of Ben Ikin to fill the hole left by Langer. Brisbane dominated the regular season, running away with the minor premiership, before beating the Sharks 34-20 and the Eels 16–10 to book a Grand Final matchup with the Roosters. The Broncos ground out a 14–6 victory for their 5th title in 9 years, with Lockyer receiving the Clive Churchill Medal for his performance. 2000 also saw the debut of even more future representative players- Ashley Harrison, Justin Hodges, Brad Meyers and Carl Webb. After just one full season as captain, Walters retired (although he would have a 5-game comeback in 2001), with Tallis anointed as club captain, and young North Queensland Cowboys half Scott Prince was brought in as his replacement 2001 saw the beginning of the Broncos ""Post-Origin Slump"", a succession of losing streaks after Origin which sees Brisbane slide down the ladder and disappoint in the finals. In Round 19, Brisbane sat 2nd on the ladder, before losing 6 straight matches and finishing the year in 5th place. They fell 22–6 to Cronulla in the Qualifying Final, before beating the now-merged St George-Illawarra Dragons 44–28 to secure a Preliminary Final berth, where they were defeated 24-16 by minor premiers Parramatta. The year saw the debut of 2 more future stars- the speedy Brent Tate as well as goal kicking forward Corey Parker. A brutal knee injury suffered by Ikin would sideline him for all of 2002, and while a neck injury to Tallis threatened to end his career, he would return at the start of the next season. Sailor would also leave the club, enticed by a massive offer from the Queensland Reds to switch codes. Hodges also left the club, the offer of guaranteed gametime from the Roosters too much for him to ignore. After joining the Warrington Wolves and making a stunning comeback to the Queensland squad, Langer returned to the club for one last season in 2002 to help ease their halves problem. Brisbane finished the year in 3rd position, although they were challenging for the minor premiership until they lost 4 of their last 5 matches. Brisbane eliminated Parramatta with a 24–14 win, but fell in the Preliminary Final for the second year in a row, losing 16–12 to the eventual premiers, the Roosters. 2002 also saw one of the greatest moments in Brisbane's club history- in a Round 12 clash with the Wests Tigers, missing 15 regular first graders as well as head coach Bennett due to injuries and Origin, a Broncos squad captained by Shane Walker and coached by assistant Craig Bellamy pulled off a stunning 28–14 victory. Just a year after Sailor went to Rugby Union, his former wing partner Tuqiri joined him, joining the New South Wales Waratahs. Wing partner Chris Walker also jumped ship, heading to the South Sydney Rabbitohs on a big contract. 2003 saw one of the worst ""Post-Origin Slumps"" in club history. The club sat 1st as late as Round 17, and were comfortably positioned 3rd after 19 weeks before both Tallis and Lockyer were felled by injuries in the Round 19 win over Melbourne. Brisbane dropped their last 7 matches, even after the return of their 2 superstar for the last 2 weeks of the season, and dropped to 8th place on the ladder- their season ending in the Qualifying Final when minor premiers and eventual premiers Penrith reversed an 18-10 half time deficit to beat Brisbane 28–18. That year did see the debuts of Neville Costigan and Sam Thaiday. Meanwhile, Prince had struggled to find game time after 2001 and left for the Tigers, where he would win the 2005 Clive Churchill medal and captain the side to premiership glory in one of the biggest ""Ones that Got Away"" for the Broncos. The club again had a bounceback year in 2004, with the shock move of Lockyer from fullback to five-eighth a major catalyst for their success. Of course, it helped that his replacement at fullback, 17 year old sensation Karmichael Hunt, was able to fit straight into the Broncos side. Brisbane spent almost the entire season inside the Top 4 and finished in 3rd position, but were stunned 31-14 by Melbourne, who had Bellamy as their head coach. This set them up with a sudden death semi final against the Cowboys, who they were undefeated against leading into the match. Brisbane volunteered to move the match from Lang Park to Willows Sports Complex, and the Cowboys responded by using their raucous home support to stun their ""Big Brothers"" 10–0. The match would be the last for a host of club icons- captain Tallis and Ikin both retired, their NSW representative goal kicking winger Michael De Vere (Huddersfield Giants) and Queensland prop Meyers (Bradford Bulls) left for the English Super League, while their other Origin prop Webb joined the Cowboys. With Lockyer named club captain and Hodges returning to the club, Brisbane dominated the start of the 2005 season and sat in 1st position after 24 rounds, but 5 straight losses to end the season saw them again slide to 3rd, where they again lost in the opening week to Melbourne, this time 24–18. This sent them into another semi final, this time against Prince and the eventual premiers Tigers, who brushed the Broncos aside 34–6. Leading into 2006, Brisbane were able to retain a similar squad to 2005- Ben Hannant proved to be a key rotational piece after arriving from the Roosters, Darius Boyd made his first grade debut and would be a key part of Brisbane's backline, and longtime Queensland Cup veteran Shane Perry would become the solution for Brisbane's halfback spot. After being inside the Top 2 after Round 17, the Broncos again entered the post-Origin slump, losing 5 consecutive games. This season however, they reversed this run of form, winning 5 straight games to close out the regular season in 3rd. This had come after Bennett had signed a secret deal to become the Roosters coach from 2007, but reneged on the deal after it became public. Despite the reverse in form, it looked like their finals success was going on par with previous seasons after they fell 20–4 against the Dragons in the qualifying final. But Brisbane got a break against an injury hit Knights squad, and Brisbane took a crushing 50–6 victory to qualify for their first Preliminary Final in 4 seasons. Brisbane took on the Bulldogs, and their season was on life support when Canterbury led 20–6 at half time. The lead prompted Bulldogs prop Willie Mason to exclaim “We're going to the grand final!”. That sledge sparked a dramatic Broncos comeback, as they ran in a 31-0 second half to blitz the Bulldogs 37-20 and book a spot in the Grand Final against Melbourne. Despite being massive underdogs, Brisbane looked in control throughout the entire match, and a Darren Lockyer field goal sealed a dramatic 15–8 victory and Brisbane's 6th premiership. Unsung hooker Shaun Berrigan was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal for his aggressive performance in the ruck. Webcke had already announced his intention to retire, and did so as a champion. Once again, Brisbane started a premiership defence poorly, losing 7 of their first 10 to sit 15th, but their stay at the bottom of the table was abruptly ended when they produced a club record 71–6 victory over a battered Knights side. Brisbane climbed back up the ladder to sit 5th after Origin, but their season again took a turn in a Round 18 clash with the Cowboys, when Lockyer's season abruptly ended with a torn ACL. Brisbane would lose 5 of their last 7 matches, including a 68-22 thrashing at the hands of the Eels, and would end the season in 8th place and being thrashed 40-0 by the Storm in the Qualifying Final. Civoniceva left the club for Penrith, upset that they had prioritised the signing of Panthers prop Joel Clinton over retaining him. Tate also departed for the Warriors, while Berrigan left for Hull FC. In their place came Clinton, Eels hooker PJ Marsh and another ex-Panther, Peter Wallace, who would replace the ageing Perry as Lockyer's halves partner. Lockyer, however, missed some serious game time in 2008 and wasn't 100% healthy until Round 18, at which point Brisbane sat 7th on the ladder. But the bigger news to come out of the start of that season was Bennett's decision to walk out of the final year of his contract to become the head coach of the Dragons from 2009. Bennett had seen his relationship with the Broncos board deteriorate after his courtship with the Roosters, and decided to leave after 21 seasons with the club. His former assistant Bellamy seemed set for a return to Brisbane as his replacement, only to blindside the club by re-signing with the Storm after a botched interview. Ultimately, it was decided that longtime assistant Ivan Henjak would be promoted to the head coaching role from 2009, and he began taking more of a role in training. With Lockyer returning, Brisbane won 6 of their final 9 games to finish 5th, and upset the Roosters 24–16 in the qualifying final to set up a semi final showdown with Bellamy and the Storm. Brisbane led 14–12 with under 10 minutes to go, and seemed to have won the game when Hannant crossed the line, with Bennett seen displaying a rare show of emotion. But the video referee deemed Hannant was held up, and a few minutes later an Ashton Sims knock on saw Greg Inglis score for the Storm to seal a late 16–14 victory, breaking Brisbane hearts and ending their season. 2009 saw a wave of change around Red Hill- not only was there a new head coach, but a host of roster changes. Boyd joined Bennett at the Dragons, the representative foursome of Hannant, Greg Eastwood, Michael Ennis and David Staggs all joined the Bulldogs, and boom winger Denan Kemp, who tied the club record with 4 tries in a single game against the Eels, was lured away to the Warriors. In their place was boom teenager Israel Folau, young back rower Ben Te'o and a host of club-developed talent, including Gerard Beale, Alex Glenn, Josh McGuire, Andrew McCullough and Jharal Yow-Yeh. Brisbane sat Top 4 until the Origin period, when they collapsed, conceding 40+ points in 3 straight games, an extra 44–12 loss to South Sydney and a then-club record 56-0 thrashing at the hands of the Raiders, leaving them dangling in 10th position. But 5 straight wins to close out the season, including a 22–10 win over Canberra just 36 days later, saw them finish in 6th position. This revival was largely due to the emergence of rampaging forward Dave Taylor. The Broncos stunned the 3rd place Titans 40–32 in the qualifying final, setting up a showdown with Bennett's Dragons in a sudden death semi final. Brisbane took one up on their former mentor with a dominant 24–10 victory, however Wallace fractured his ankle in the win, leaving them without a recognised halfback ahead of their preliminary final matchup with the Storm, one of the bigger reasons they fell 40–10. 2010 saw significant roster changes: the injury-enforced retirement of Marsh, Taylor's decision to move to the Rabbitohs and Hunt's decision to switch to the AFL with the Gold Coast Suns. Furthermore, they received a massive blow during pre-season when Hodges ruptured his achilles, causing him to miss the entire season. Brisbane stuttered and lost 6 of their first 8 matches, before reversing form and entering the Top 8. But in their Round 22 clash with the Cowboys, Lockyer took a hit and injured his rib cartilage. Despite his best efforts, Lockyer missed the rest of the regular season, and without him Brisbane slumped to 4 straight defeats, sliding from 7th to 10th and missing the finals for the first time since 1991. An even bigger blow for Brisbane was a contract saga involving Inglis- after Inglis had agreed in principle to join the Broncos for 2011 onward, he decided to cancel a flight to Brisbane to sign the contract under the alibi that ""It's raining and I don't think the planes are flying"". Behind the scenes, former Bronco Anthony Mundine was convincing Inglis to join the Rabbitohs, which he did a week later. Inglis would've replaced Folau, who followed Hunt's lead in switching to the AFL, this time to the Greater Western Sydney Giants. On a positive note, the season saw the debut of future international Matt Gillett. In February 2011, it was announced that Henjak was to be sacked from the club, only three weeks before the beginning of the season. Anthony Griffin, Henjak's assistant, took over as coach for the 2011 season, becoming just the third head coach in the history of Broncos. Hannant also returned to the club, But even more pressing was the decision of Lockyer to retire after the season, ending a 16-year playing career which, in Round 22, saw him overtake Terry Lamb and Steve Menzies for the most first grade games played, finishing at 355, a record which would stand until Cameron Smith overtook him in 2017. Brisbane stagnated for a little while, but finished the season in 3rd position, setting up a qualifying finals matchup with the Warriors which they won 40–10, meaning they would head to take on the Dragons once again in the semi finals. Bennett, who had looked like he was set to rejoin the Broncos in 2012, had announced that he was joining Newcastle at the end of the season- meaning the match would either be the last of Lockyer's career, or Bennett's last with the Dragons. Brisbane led 12-6 towards the end of the game before Lockyer caught Beale's knee in his face, fracturing his cheekbone. St George Illawarra tied the game, necessitating Golden Point, where an injured Lockyer slotted home a field goal to seal a 13–12 win and keep Brisbane in the finals. Unfortunately, Lockyer was unable to play in the Preliminary Final against Manly, which the Sea Eagles won 26–14. 2012 marked the Broncos' 25th season in the NRL competition. Civoniceva returned for one last season, and Thaiday was appointed club captain. Brisbane spent much of the season inside the Top 4, but another ""Post-Origin Slide"" saw them finish 8th, and they were eliminated by the Cowboys 33–16 in the Qualifying Final. Beale (Dragons) and Te'o (Rabbitohs) both left the club, along with the retiring Civoniceva, and Prince returned to the club for his swansong. Unfortunately, 2013 was not a good year for Brisbane- they were out of the Top 8 after Round 10 and never returned, finishing 12th, at the time the lowest position in club history. It did see the debut of future Origin winger Corey Oates. Prince retired and Wallace returned to the Panthers, largely because of the emergence of Ben Hunt as the clubs halfback. Incoming was former Dally M Medallist Ben Barba, who had attempted to join the Broncos as early as 2013, but was refused a release by the Bulldogs. There was also a change in the club captaincy, with Thaiday standing down and being replaced by a co-captain structure of Hodges and Parker. Unfortunately, the changes did not pay off, as Brisbane never really challenged for the title and ultimately finished 8th, again being eliminated by the Cowboys in the Qualifying Final, this time by the score of 32–20. That game would be Griffin's last as head coach, as it had been announced midseason that Bennett was set to return to the Broncos from 2015. The roster change under Bennett was dramatic from the moment he returned. Barba was shipped to Cronulla after just one season, Hannant left for the Cowboys, and Kiwi international Josh Hoffman departed for the Gold Coast. In return, Boyd returned to the club, and was joined by ex-Storm enforcer Adam Blair and boom Raider Anthony Milford, as well as a pair of up and coming rookies in Joe Ofahengaue and Kodi Nikorima. The captaincy underwent another change as well, with Hodges given sole captaincy of the club. Their campaign started rocky, a 36-6 thrashing at the hands of South Sydney, but they soon found their feet and won 8 straight matches during the Origin period - a drastic change from the previous years - ultimately finishing the season in 2nd place. They took down the Cowboys 16–12 in the Qualifying Final to advance straight to a Preliminary Final showdown with the minor premier Roosters. A Boyd intercept try inside the first minute set the tone for the clash, and Brisbane would dominate 31–12 to advance to a Grand Final rematch with the Cowboys. In what is considered by some commentators to be one of the best Grand Finals in recent history, the Broncos led 16-12 for much of the second half before Cowboys winger Kyle Feldt scored in the corner on the last play of regulation to tie the match. Superstar half Johnathan Thurston missed the subsequent conversion, sending the clash to golden point. The Broncos won the golden point coin toss and elected to receive, putting them in a great position to win the match. However, off the kickoff, Hunt knocked on, giving the Cowboys possession just metres out from the Broncos line. Thurston kicked a field goal 2 minutes into the Golden Point period to win the match for the Cowboys 17–16, ending the season in jubilation for Townsville and heartbreak for Brisbane. Hodges retired after the Grand Final, and the captaincy was again given to Parker. James Roberts, a speedy centre, had been lured away from the Titans at the last minute to join the Broncos, and he was joined by young Raiders forward Tevita Pangai Junior and young back rower Jai Arrow, who had emerged from Brisbane's development program. Brisbane started the season strongly but endured a ""Post-Origin Slump"" to drop out of the Top 4, finishing in 5th. After eliminating the Titans 44–28 in the Qualifying Final, Brisbane travelled to Townsville for a knockout clash with the Cowboys. In another classic between the two sides, the game went into extra time - a new rule brought in after their grand final thriller 12 months earlier. At 20-all, when a Michael Morgan try sealed a 26–20 win for the Cowboys, ending their season - the third time in 5 years their season had concluded in Townsville. Parker retired after the match, but Brisbane brought in embattled ex-New Zealand halfback Benji Marshall on a lifeline deal, as well as established prop Korbin Sims from Newcastle, and Boyd was named captain. Prior to the start of the season it was announced Hunt had signed a large contract with the Dragons beginning in 2018, and that likely contributed to a season where Hunt was dropped to reserve grade and the bench, before finishing the season at hooker after McCullough tore his ACL. Brisbane finished the 2017 season in 3rd, but with a 4 win gap between them and the 1st placed Storm. Making matters worse, Boyd was injured in their Round 26 win over the Cowboys, and missed their 24–22 loss in a classic Qualifying Final against the Roosters, before the Boyd-less Broncos advanced to another Preliminary Final with a 13–6 win over the Panthers. Boyd was rushed back into the squad for the showdown with runaway favourites Melbourne, but was clearly not healthy and didn't do much to alter the 30–0 defeat. On top of Hunt, Arrow (Titans), Blair (Warriors) and Marshall (Tigers) also left the club, with Jack Bird being the clubs marquee signing, although his season lasted just 8 games as he dealt with injury. 2018 also saw a major success from Brisbane's youth, with debuts handed out to Payne Haas, David Fifita, Kotoni Staggs and Jake Turpin. Brisbane however were not the team they had been, and instead of the Top 4 race they were just looking to make the finals. A big 48–16 win over Manly, which saw Corey Oates score 4 tries, saw the club finish in 6th, but just one win separated them from 1st, such was the tightness of the competition, renewing hopes of another deep finals run. The following week, Brisbane were eliminated from the finals series after being defeated 48–18 by a highly unfancied St George-Illawarra side. The loss was also the final game for the retiring Thaiday. After the 2018 season, a rift emerged between Bennett and CEO Paul White, which ultimately saw Bennett sign with the Rabbitohs to become coach from 2020. Just weeks later, Bennett was sacked as the head coach for making preseason plans with the Rabbitohs for the following year, and in return South Sydney appointed Bennett as head coach with immediate effect, freeing up their coach Anthony Seibold, who had already signed with Brisbane from 2020, to become the Broncos head coach for 2019. Along with Bennett, a host of key players left Brisbane- McGuire left for North Queensland and Sims for St. George Illawarra, then halfway through the season Roberts and Nikorima also departed the club. Bird again dealt with health issues, only playing 9 games, and it quickly became clear that the now 32 year old Boyd had lost a step. A 4 match losing streak early in the season set the tone for the club, as they sat 14th after Round 16 only to go on a run of 6 wins and a draw from their last 10 games to ensure they finished in 8th place. They played Parramatta in week one of the finals at the new Bankwest Stadium and lost the match 58–0, marking the club's worst ever defeat. It was also the biggest finals loss in the history of the competition which eclipsed the previous record set by Newtown when they defeated St George 55–7 in the 1944 finals series. It also extended the club's longest ever premiership drought to thirteen seasons. 2020 started well for the Brisbane club winning their first two games against North Queensland and Souths before the competition was suspended upon completion of round 2 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. When the competition returned from its unscheduled hiatus in late May, the optimism at the Broncos vaporized overnight firstly losing 34–6 to Parramatta before recording their worst ever loss the following week against the Sydney Roosters losing 59–0. The club's only post COVID lockdown victory came against fellow bottom of the ladder team, Canterbury-Bankstown in round 9. After a 28–10 loss to South Sydney, Anthony Seibold resigned as coach of the Brisbane Broncos with assistant Peter Gentle taking over as caretaker coach until the end of the season. While the Brisbane club were more competitive under Gentle, the club would lose their final 11 matches of the season in a row including a 36–8 loss to the Canberra Raiders despite leading 8–6 at half time, another big loss against the Sydney Roosters, this time 58–12 at the Sydney Cricket Ground and a 32–16 loss in the final round to North Queensland which condemned Brisbane to the club's first ever wooden spoon after Canterbury-Bankstown beat Souths in round 19 to leap ahead of the Brisbane club on the ladder on points differential. Kevin Walters was signed as coach for the 2021 NRL season for 2 years but the problems at Red Hill continued, firstly surrendering a 16–0 lead against Parramatta in their season opener to concede the next 24 points without an answer to end up losing 16–24, followed by losing 16–28 to local rivals, the Gold Coast Titans to record their 13th loss in a row. In round 3 Brisbane recorded their first victory in 259 days after they beat Canterbury-Bankstown 24-0. In round 8 of the 2021 NRL season, Brisbane staged an incredible comeback against the Gold Coast. After being down 22-0, Brisbane would go on to win the match 36-28. An unlikely round 11 win against the Sydney Roosters at the Sydney Cricket Ground saw the Brisbane club end a 13-game losing streak outside of Queensland, however losses to Melbourne, St. George Illawarra, Canberra and South Sydney saw Brisbane once again fall to the bottom of the ladder as of round 15. The club would go on to win four of their last nine games to avoid the Wooden Spoon and finish in 14th place. It had originally been planned for the Brisbane Broncos to adopt a logo incorporating both a kangaroo and a stylised ""Q"" which had been featured in the logo for the Queensland Rugby League for many years. However, with the Australian national rugby league team also known as the Kangaroos, this was deemed inappropriate and conflicting. The state flower the Cooktown Orchid and the Poinsettia which had long been used by Brisbane representative teams in the Bulimba Cup and midweek knockout competitions was also ruled out, along with other Australian animals such as the brumby, possum, galah and the kookaburra, which was used on Brisbane's Kookaburra Queen paddleships. Having wanted to continue with the use of alliteration for local sporting teams such as the Brisbane Bullets and Brisbane Bears (later the Brisbane Lions), the club's directors eventually decided on the nickname Broncos. This name was chosen by Barry Maranta because he was a fan of NFL team, Denver Broncos. The Australian newspaper has described the name as ""Mystifyingly American"". The original club logo was first featured in the Broncos' inaugural season in the premiership in 1988 and was used until 1999. It used a mostly gold colour scheme, in line with the predominant colour on the team jerseys. In 2000, the club adopted a new logo with a more maroon design, which was much closer to the traditional colour associated with Queensland rugby league and Queensland sport in general. This design continues to be used to date. Traditionally, the colours of the Brisbane Broncos have been maroon, white and gold, which have all long been linked to the history of rugby league in Queensland. Initially, the founders of the club favored the official blue and gold colours of Brisbane City Council. However, Sydney advertiser John Singleton advised the board that ""Queenslanders had been booing players wearing blue for more than three-quarters of a century."" As a result, the traditional maroon and white colours of Queensland along with gold, symbolizing the Queensland sunshine, were adopted as the club's colours. In the inaugural 1988 season, the club's jersey design featured the top third being gold, the middle being alternating hoops of maroon and white and the bottom third being maroon. Although this design featured gold strongly, it did not please everyone as the jersey had to differentiate from the maroon and white of Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the maroon of the Queensland rugby league team. Following a number of design changes in the 1990s including a predominantly white jersey from 1997 to 1998, blue was added to the jersey in 2001 as a minor colour to show the aforementioned historical link with the colours of Brisbane. However, this was later dropped from the design in favor of a mainly maroon jersey with gold trim. At the 1995 Rugby League World Sevens tournament, the club introduced a new combination of jersey colours – mauve, aqua and white. Brisbane Broncos Marketing Manager Shane Edwards stated that it ""will become our Sevens strip... but we will never change the Broncos' colours."" In 2001, following the release of the club's predominantly white with navy-blue and maroon away jersey, the National Rugby League ordered the club to produce a third jersey since the new away jersey clashed with the home jerseys of the Penrith Panthers, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. An aqua strip using the same design as the jerseys used from 1999 to 2001 was worn, which was much derided by the local media. Following two years of public pressure the club dropped the jersey in favor of the design worn against Newcastle in 2003. International Sports Clothing became Brisbane's kit provider in October 2016, replacing long-time suppliers Nike. In their first five seasons, the Broncos played their matches at the 52,500 capacity Lang Park (or more commonly referred to as ""Suncorp Stadium"" due to sponsorship of Suncorp, Australia), the ground considered to be the home of rugby league in Queensland. However, following ongoing conflict with the Queensland Rugby League and Lang Park Trust due to a sponsorship conflict with the QRL having a commercial agreement with Castlemaine XXXX brewery with prominent signs around the ground, while the Broncos were sponsored by rival brewery Powers who were not permitted any permanent signs (the Broncos initially got around this by not using the change rooms at half time during games, instead sitting on the ground with a temporary protective banner surrounding them which just happened to have prominent Powers logos), the team relocated to the 60,000 capacity ANZ Stadium in 1993 (ANZ had been the main stadium of the 1982 Commonwealth Games). The club's home match attendance, which had averaged 19,637 at Lang Park, increased to 43,200 at the new ground in the first season following the club's first premiership title in the previous season. However, despite the team's second premiership in 1993, crowds gradually declined and it was not until 2002 that the club again registered more than the 1996 average attendance of 23,712. ANZ Stadium, as the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre was called at the time due to sponsorship rights, was featured on an episode of The Mole in April 2002. With the Queensland Government's $280 million redevelopment of Lang Park, the team moved back to the refurbished and renamed Suncorp Stadium upon its completion in mid-2003. The more centrally-located stadium has begun to attract larger crowds, with the 2006 average attendance of 31,208 being significantly higher than the Newcastle Knights with 21,848 and about double the regular season competition average of 15,601. The club record attendance for a regular season match is 58,593, set against the St. George Dragons in the final round of the 1993 season. The record attendance for a match at Suncorp Stadium is 50,859 for Darren Lockyer's final home game. Before kick-off at the Stadium an instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's ""Kashmir"" is routinely played. Whenever the Broncos score a try, ""Chelsea Dagger"" by The Fratellis is played. The Broncos all-time home attendance record was set at ANZ Stadium during the 1997 Super League Grand Final when 58,912 saw the Broncos defeat the Cronulla Sharks 26–8 to claim the only Super League premiership played in Australia. Buck the Bronco is currently the Broncos mascot. Located in 98 Fulcher Road, Queensland, Australia (4059), the Brisbane Broncos League is the Broncos training ground and includes a restaurant and buffet. The Brisbane Broncos have also purchased the TAFE (opposite the club) and have recently built a new training field and building. The Broncos' training ground is also used for the Australian Kangaroos. The club is located within Gilbert Park and opened in 1988. Wests Juniors Football Club originally called Gilbert Park home, with the small clubhouse beside owned by Wests Old Boys. These two clubs merged in 1967 and in 1987 was purchased to form Broncos Leagues Club. The Brisbane Broncos have the largest fan base of any NRL club and they have been voted the most popular rugby league team in Australia for several years. A Broncos supporters group called ""The Thoroughbreds"" which is made up of prominent businessmen, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase News Ltd's controlling share of the club in 2007. Average regular season attendance Notable supporters Notable supporters of this club, amongst others, include: The Broncos are the only publicly listed NRL club. The parent company of the Brisbane Broncos is Nationwide News Pty Ltd., a subsidiary of News Limited, which as of 30 June 2007, owns 68.87% of Broncos shares. BGM Projects is another major shareholder. John Ribot, a former first grade rugby league player in Queensland and New South Wales, was the club's original chief executive officer (CEO). Ribot left when he signed to become the CEO of the rebel Australian rugby league competition Super League. (p. 24,112) Shane Edwards, the Broncos Marketing Manager at the time, was promoted to CEO and later resigned. Bruno Cullen, who had been with the Broncos' off-field staff since 1989, became the club's third CEO in 2003. In 2011 Cullen was replaced by current CEO Paul White. Rugby league player Darren Lockyer is a member of the board of directors. Kia are the major sponsor of the Broncos as of 2020, replacing NRMA Insurance. Nova 106.9 are the main radio sponsors after taking over from rival station B105 FM in late 2006. Live broadcasts of all Broncos matches are provided by both ABC Radio Brisbane and Triple M. Channel Nine Queensland also sponsors the Broncos, although former player Shane Webcke is signed to rival Seven Queensland. In 2012, local Brisbane based company Firstmac replaced WOW Sight & Sound as sleeve sponsor for three years to launch into the retail financial services market. This sponsorship took only 9 days to negotiate following the announcement of WOW Sight & Sound going into receivership. Firstmac stipulated a unique clause in their contract that they could pay for 250 tickets to be distributed to WOW Sight & Sound staff that lost their jobs. Firstmac has since launched a Firstmac Broncos home loan in conjunction with their new sponsorship agreement. Asics are the Broncos current apparel provider as of November 2020. Between 1997 and 2016, the club's apparel was manufactured by Nike. Between 2017 and 2020, International Sports Clothing served as the club's apparel manufacturer. From the 2021 season, Asics will supply the club's on-and-off-field apparel. The Brisbane Broncos' first major sponsor was Powers Brewing who sponsored them until 1993. The Broncos currently have a number of sponsorship deals with the following: Head coach Assistant coaches Updated: 4 March 2024Source(s): Broncos Team Profiles Due to the club's premiership success and its being the dominant Queensland team in the competition for the majority of its participation, the Brisbane Broncos' list of representative players is extensive. Consequently, there have been a large number of Queensland Maroons in the team. In 2007, a 20-man legends team was announced to celebrate the club's 20-year anniversary. Updated: 9 May 2007Source(s): Broncos Name Legends Team . The Brisbane Broncos are the second most successful club in terms of percentage of total games won, having won 63.63% of their games, as of 29 August 2012. This is marginally less (0.01%) than first placed Melbourne Storm. In their twenty completed seasons, the club has made a total of seven Grand Finals, winning six and losing one to the North Queensland Cowboys in 2015. They are one of only two clubs to have won the World Club Challenge twice, and were the first club to do so on British soil. They also won the now defunct Panasonic Cup in 1989. Former team captain Darren Lockyer holds the record for the most First Grade games for the club. Lockyer also held the record for the most points scored for the club, tallying 1,171 since his debut in 1995, before Corey Parker overtook him in August 2015 with 1,222 career points for Brisbane Broncos. Darren Lockyer also holds the club record of 272 points in a season, having achieved this in 1998. Darren Lockyer was named Fullback in Queensland Rugby League's Team of the Century in 1998–2007 and he won 4 grand finals with the Brisbane Broncos (including a Clive Churchill Medal) and a World Cup title with Australia. He also won the Golden Boot Award for world's best player in this position before switching to Five-eighth. Steve Renouf also shares the club record for the most tries in a season with Darren Smith at 23. After over a decade after Steve Renouf's move from the Brisbane Broncos to Wigan Warriors, he was still the club's all-time try scorer with a 142 career tries. Five times, he scored 4 tries in a single match from 1991 to 1998 and was known as one of the greatest centres the game has ever seen. In 2008, Steve Renouf was named centre in the Indigenous Team of the Century. Lote Tuqiri's tally of 26 points from three tries and seven goals in a single match against the Northern Eagles remains the club record for most individual points in a game. He also won the 1999 Brisbane Broncos season's rookie of the year award. Corey Parker holds the record for most goals in a game kicking ten in a round one clash of 2008, breaking the previous mark of nine kicked by Lockyer in 1998 and matched by Michael De Vere in 2001. He also scored a try on debut during 2001. Parker converted ten from ten goals in the Broncos 48–12 win over the Penrith Panthers in which Parker scored 24 points placing him in equal second place on the most points in a match tally. In 2013, Corey Parker was named Dally M Lock of the Year and in 2009 received the Broncos' Paul Morgan Award. Corey Parker also received the Paul Morgan Award yet again in 2013 and 2015. Six players have scored four tries in a match for the Brisbane Broncos including Steve Renouf (5 times), Wendell Sailor, Karmichael Hunt, Justin Hodges, Denan Kemp and former Australian Wallabies player, Israel Folau. Wendell Sailor has held the record for the most tries scored in a finals match (four tries against St. George Illawarra Dragons, Semi-final 2001, Brisbane won 44–28). The most field goals in a match however hasn't been past one field goal which has been accomplished several times. The club's biggest winning margin is 65 points, achieved in 2007 in a 71–6 victory over the Newcastle Knights. Their heaviest defeat is a 59–0 loss by the Sydney Roosters on 4 June 2020 . The club's highest winning margin in a Grand Final is by 26 points (38–12, against Canterbury Bulldogs, 1998). In the 2017 NRL season, the Brisbane Broncos' highest try-scorer was former Gold Coast Titans centre James Roberts with 15 tries. The highest points-scorer was Jordan Kahu with 67 goals and 8 tries. The most metres run in the season was by Tautau Moga with 3410 metres. 27 (1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) Brisbane's biggest rivals are the North Queensland Cowboys. The two clubs had a long-standing 'sibling rivalry' with North Queensland characterized as the underdog. Brisbane initially were dominant in the fixture with Brisbane going undefeated against North Queensland for the first nine years until North Queensland recorded their first ever victory in the 2004 elimination final defeating Brisbane 10-0. The rivalry reached new heights after North Queensland won their first premiership, beating Brisbane at the 2015 Grand Final at ANZ Stadium. Considered one of the greatest grand finals of all time, the win established North Queensland as competitive equals. Between 2015 and 2017 a staggering three of five games played between the two clubs led to a Golden Point finish. In the final round of the 2020 NRL season, North Queensland condemned Brisbane to their first ever Wooden Spoon. Brisbane needed to win the match to overtake Canterbury-Bankstown but lost the match. It is regarded as one of the greatest modern sports rivalries earning the nickname of the ""Queensland derby"". Since the 2006 NRL Grand Final where Brisbane edged out Melbourne 15-8, a rivalry still continues today between the two clubs. The two sides have played each other in multiple finals matches . Adding to this, both Brisbane and Melbourne usually feature heavily in Queensland's annual State of Origin side. Since the 2006 decider, Brisbane have played Melbourne on 34 occasions and only won four times. The match between Brisbane and the Gold Coast is known as the South Queensland Derby. The media and supporters of both club's have described this fixture as Big Brother against Little Brother. Brisbane are the more successful team in the fixture with the Gold Coast only defeating Brisbane eleven times since 2007. The two club's have only met in two finals matches, the first being in 2009 when Brisbane won 4-32. The other time being in 2016 when the Gold Coast reached the finals by default due to Parramatta's salary cap points deduction. Brisbane won the match 44-28. The Gold Coast are geographically the closest club to Brisbane. Brisbane previously enjoyed derbies with the Gold Coast Chargers, until the Chargers exited the competition at the end of 1998 season, returning as the Gold Coast Titans in 2007 and before that with the Gold Coast Seagulls and Gold Coast-Tweed Giants. In the 2021 NRL season, Brisbane recorded the biggest ever comeback in their history by defeating the Gold Coast 36-28 after being down 22-0. The Brisbane Broncos have four split feeder clubs from the Queensland Cup: Northern Suburbs Devils, Souths Logan Magpies, Central Queensland Capras and Wynnum-Manly Seagulls, making the Broncos the only club with more than three affiliated feeder clubs. Former feeder clubs of the Broncos are the now-defunct Aspley Broncos and Toowoomba Clydesdales, active clubs Ipswich Jets, who switched to Newcastle Knights, Redcliffe Dolphins who switched to New Zealand Warriors, and Burleigh Bears, who switched to the Gold Coast Titans. The current Broncos' victory song, ""We're The Broncos"" was written in 1995 (the earlier rock song ""Let's Go Broncos"" written by Bob Bax in 1988 remains a club anthem) Lyrics: We're the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We're the Broncos The greatest team on earth We're the heart of all Queensland Never stop We never rest On and on we beat the best Never giving up we bleed maroon and gold For the league We risk it all Miles above We're standing tall We're the finest and the greatest club of all We're the Broncos The mighty Broncos We keep fighting every second till the end We breathe in our soul The best game of all We are the Broncos of Queensland Hey!! In 2017, the Brisbane Broncos launched a bid to enter a team in the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership in 2018. On 27 March 2018, the club won a license to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's season, on the back of a strong bid which included the NRL's desire for a geographical spread. Paul Dyer was named as the coach of the women's side, but stepped down after the inaugural season to concentrate on his role as game development manager. Kelvin Wright was named his replacement in May 2019. In June 2018, Ali Brigginshaw, Brittany Breayley, Heather Ballinger, Teuila Fotu-Moala and Caitlyn Moran were unveiled as the club's first five signings. Tain Drinkwater was also appointed the CEO of the team. The club won the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership title by defeating the Sydney Roosters by 34–12 in the 2018 NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final. Official sites Statistics & information sites Supporter sites Former Top-Flight Competition: Brisbane Rugby League premiership",1
Spider-Man_Live!,"Spider-Man_Live! 2016-08-19T09:55:34Z   Spider-Man Live! - A Stunt Spectacular was the first full length, live-action stage show based on the Marvel comic book character, Spider-Man, to appear in the United States. Written and directed by Kevin Shinick and produced by Ultimate Shows & Entertainment and Marvel Enterprises, Inc, the show combined state of the art flying illusions, acrobatic and trapeze stunts, pyrotechnics and multimedia special effects into a theatrical production that embarked on a 40 city U. S. tour from 2002 - 2003. ,  Spider-Man_Live! 2018-06-28T16:34:54Z   Spider-Man Live! - A Stunt Spectacular was the first full length, live-action stage show based on the Marvel comic book character, Spider-Man, to appear in the United States. Written and directed by Kevin Shinick and produced by Ultimate Shows & Entertainment and Marvel Enterprises, Inc, the show combined state of the art flying illusions, acrobatic and trapeze stunts, pyrotechnics and multimedia special effects into a theatrical production that embarked on a 40 city U. S. tour from 2002 - 2003. The show portrays Spider-Man's history from the day that he gets bitten by the radioactive spider and throughout his High School years and relationship with Mary Jane Watson. By the end he has to save her from the Green Goblin.",0
Srabanti Chatterjee,"Srabanti Chatterjee  2020-01-01T16:42:58Z  Srabanti Singh,(born 13 August 1987), is an Indian actress who appears in Bengali language films. Srabanti primarily works in cinema of West Bengal, based in Kolkata. Srabanti, also known by her married name Srabanti Singh, was born in Kolkata,India. In 2003, she married film director Rajiv Kumar Biswas. The couple have a boy named Jhinuk. They divorced in 2016. She then married Model Krishan Vraj, the couple divorced in 2017. She then married Roshan Singh in 2019. she loves to marry saveral times. ,  Srabanti Chatterjee  2021-12-20T17:05:26Z  Srabanti Chatterjee is an Indian actress, former journalist at ABP News and anchor who appears in Bengali language films. Srabanti primarily works in cinema of West Bengal, based in Kolkata. She was a student of Kareena Kapoor Khan and Karan Johar and learnt acting from them. Chatterjee joined Bharatiya Janata Party on 1 March 2021. She was given the ticket and contested the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election from Behala Paschim against state minister of School Education and TMC heavyweight Partha Chatterjee but lost the election by 50,884 votes. On 11 November 2021, Sarbanti quit the Bharatiya Janata Party, eight months after joining the party. Srabanti Chatterjee at IMDb",1
Roger_Penney,"Roger_Penney  2008-05-24T02:57:27Z   Roger Penney is an innovative singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He pioneered a style of American Psychedelic Folk music in the late 60's, early 70's and is known for his inventive performances and recordings as Bermuda Triangle Band as well as Roger and Wendy and EUPHORIA (American Band) . Born and raised in Worcester, Massachusetts, his first public performance was singing ""Don't Fence Me In"" at the age of five on WORC (AM), the Worcester AM radio station. Several preteen summers were spent in his cousin's Anchor Cafe, a gritty honkytonk at a port on Lake Erie filled with stevedores and merchant mariners. In the late hours of the night he would fall asleep on the bench seats as the couples danced to Hank Williams and Hank Snow on the jukebox. The traditional songs left their footprint on his young sensibilities. In 1959 while at an engineering college he bought his first autoharp from the Sears-Roebuck catalog and began experimenting with various electric pickups. After graduating with honors at the top of his class, he moved into a folk music communal house in Cambridge Mass. aptly named Old Joe Clark's for the folk /dance tune, took post grad. courses at Harvard U. and did research for NASA. He was instrumental in the design and construction of the first electromechanical harpsichord which came to be known as the Baldwin Combo Harpsichord, see Electric Piano But the love of music insistently pulled him away from this scientific life. He once again immersed himself in traditional music at picking roundtables at the Silver Vanity folk club in Amherst Mass. People who occasionally joined in were Taj Mahal, and Buffy Saint Marie. In 1966 he moved to Greenwich Village, New York City, the hotbed of folk music, where he formed the band ""Roger and Wendy"" with his partner, Wendy Penney. Performing 364 nights a year in Village coffeehouses and clubs, they broke ground in what has come to be known as the Psych Folk genre. They were one of the very few American inovators to play in this style as it was primarily a British movement. Characterized as having strong roots in folk music, it has electric and often complex or unconventional arrangements, with liberal use of effects such as phasing, wah wah or fuzz. In 1969 Roger and Wendy formed the Sunshine Pop group EUPHORIA with two other musicians and released an album on the MGM/Heritage label titled ""Euphoria"" and a single ""You Must Forget"". Then the group disbanded. Roger and Wendy moved up from playing in clubs to touring and became the top act on the national college concert tours. They released a folk album ""Roger and Wendy"" in 1971. Renaming the band as Bermuda Triangle in 1975, they released the psych folk, folk rock albums Bermuda Triangle in 1977 and Bermudas II in 1984. College concert tours continued with more than 3000 performances in the 70's and 80's. Due to the success in Europe the US and Asia in 2006 of a British reissued CD of the Bermuda Triangle's 1977 vinyl album, Roger and Wendy in 2007 officially reissued the album on the Winter Solstice label. 2007 also saw the release of their psych folk The Missing Tapes cd on Winter Solstice Records. A number of songs on this disc were thought to be completely lost, with no known existing copies, until tapes were unearthed in collectors' archives. Roger Penney is regarded as the originator and developer of psychedelic folk autoharp, as well as the first person to play electric autoharp. His style was completely unprecedented. He uses his electrified harp as the lead instrument on all his recordings. He also shapes the notes with effects and his own covert technology. What is often mistaken for electric guitar is actually the sound of his autoharp. the result of his innovations is a spatially complex and dynamic quality, at times spare and delicate, then, on other songs, musically and rhythmically dense. In the early 60's there were no pickups to amplify the autoharp other than a contact mic, which had a tinny sound. Eventually, bar magnetic pickups designed specifically for autoharp by Harry DeArmond became available and Roger bought the first two. He ran two channels, one for each pickup, either as a straight amplified channel or to effects units. Among the effects units he used were two Gibson Maestro G2's (the same model that reputedly Jimi Hendrix used on several recordings) which triggered wah-wah, fuzz, tone, percussion etc. His favorite unit in the 70's was the Eventide Clockworks phase shifter. Next was a Lexicon Primetime digital delay. An additional effect came from five 25 cent transducers that were surplus from a pinball machine. He mounted them on the autoharp and ran a line into a Linndrum sound module which allowed him the option of playing percussion/drum rhythms simultaneously with finger-picking the strings. ,  Roger_Penney  2010-01-31T01:01:09Z   Roger Penney is an innovative singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He pioneered a style of American psychedelic folk music in the late 60s, early 70s and is known for his inventive performances and recordings as Bermuda Triangle Band as well as Roger and Wendy and EUPHORIA. Born and raised in Worcester, Massachusetts, his first public performance was singing ""Don't Fence Me In"" at the age of five on WORC (AM), the Worcester AM radio station. Several preteen summers were spent in his cousin's Anchor Cafe, a gritty honkytonk at a port on Lake Erie filled with stevedores and merchant mariners. In the late hours of the night he would fall asleep on the bench seats as the couples danced to Hank Williams and Hank Snow on the jukebox. The traditional songs left their footprint on his young sensibilities. In 1959 while at an engineering college he bought his first autoharp from the Sears-Roebuck catalog and began experimenting with various electric pickups. After graduating with honors at the top of his class, he moved into a folk music communal house in Cambridge Mass. aptly named Old Joe Clark's for the folk /dance tune, took post grad. courses at Harvard U. and did research for NASA. He was instrumental in the design and construction of the first electromechanical harpsichord which came to be known as the Baldwin Combo Harpsichord, see Electric Piano But the love of music insistently pulled him away from this scientific life. He once again immersed himself in traditional music at picking roundtables at the Silver Vanity folk club in Amherst Mass. People who occasionally joined in were Taj Mahal, and Buffy Saint Marie. In 1966 he moved to Greenwich Village, New York City, the hotbed of folk music, where he formed the band ""Roger and Wendy"" with his partner, Wendy Penney. Performing 364 nights a year in Village coffeehouses and clubs, they broke ground in what has come to be known as the Psych folk genre. They were one of the very few American innovators to play in this style as it was primarily a British movement. Characterized as having strong roots in folk music, it has electric and often complex or unconventional arrangements, with liberal use of effects such as phasing, wah wah or fuzz. In 1969 Roger and Wendy formed the Sunshine Pop group EUPHORIA with two other musicians and released an album on the MGM/Heritage label titled ""Euphoria"" and a single ""You Must Forget"". Then the group disbanded. Roger and Wendy moved up from playing in clubs to touring and became the top act on the national college concert tours. They released a folk album ""Roger and Wendy"" in 1971. Renaming the band as Bermuda Triangle in 1975, they released the psych folk, folk rock albums Bermuda Triangle in 1977 and Bermudas II in 1984. College concert tours continued with more than 3000 performances in the 70's and 80's. Due to the success in Europe the US and Asia in 2006 of a British reissued CD of the Bermuda Triangle's 1977 vinyl album, Roger and Wendy in 2007 officially reissued the album on the Winter Solstice label. 2007 also saw the release of their psych folk The Missing Tapes cd on Winter Solstice Records. A number of songs on this disc were thought to be completely lost, with no known existing copies, until tapes were unearthed in collectors' archives. Roger Penney is regarded as the originator and developer of psychedelic folk autoharp, as well as the first person to play electric autoharp. His style was completely unprecedented. He uses his electrified harp as the lead instrument on all his recordings. He also shapes the notes with effects and his own covert technology. What is often mistaken for electric guitar is actually the sound of his autoharp. the result of his innovations is a spatially complex and dynamic quality, at times spare and delicate, then, on other songs, musically and rhythmically dense. In the early 60's there were no pickups to amplify the autoharp other than a contact mic, which had a tinny sound. Eventually, bar magnetic pickups designed specifically for autoharp by Harry DeArmond became available and Roger bought the first two. He ran two channels, one for each pickup, either as a straight amplified channel or to effects units. Among the effects units he used were two Gibson Maestro G2's (the same model that reputedly Jimi Hendrix used on several recordings) which triggered wah-wah, fuzz, tone, percussion etc. His favorite unit in the 70's was the Eventide Clockworks phase shifter. Next was a Lexicon Primetime digital delay. An additional effect came from five 25 cent transducers that were surplus from a pinball machine. He mounted them on the autoharp and ran a line into a Linndrum sound module which allowed him the option of playing percussion/drum rhythms simultaneously with finger-picking the strings.",0
Jeffrey_Mehlman,"Jeffrey_Mehlman  2009-07-04T17:38:04Z   Jeffrey Mehlman (born in New York City in 1944) is a literary critic and a historian of ideas. He has taught at Cornell University and Johns Hopkins University, and is currently University Professor and Professor of French Literature at Boston University. He has held visiting professorships at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, CUNY Graduate Center, Washington University in St. Louis, and MIT. Over a number of years, he has been writing an implicit history of speculative interpretation in France in the form of a series of readings of canonical literary works. In addition, Mehlman's numerous translations, beginning with his collection French Freud (Yale French Studies 48, 1973), have played an important role in the naturalization of French thought in English. A Structural Study of Autobiography was described by Tom Conley as “the first major English-language study incorporating structuralism as method and goal. ” Revolution and Repetition was saluted by Paul de Man as “one of the very brilliant and entertaining books of the last years” (back cover) and hailed as a “tour de force” by Gregory Ulmer in his article on the “ten best experimental essays written in English in the category of ‘literary criticism’ in the past half-century” . Legacies: Of Anti-Semitism in France has been translated into French and Japanese and was the subject of a polemic involving the journals Tel Quel and La Quinzaine littéraire, spilling onto the first page of Le Monde, when it appeared in French in 1984. (Mehlman’s position in the book has since been vindicated in a volume by Jacques Henric. . George Steiner, reviewing Walter Benjamin for Children in the Times Literary Supplement, saluted in the book “a scholastic acuity and wit resembling that of Benjamin himself,” hailing the “sparkle” of its “erudition and playful intelligence. ” Finally, Stanley Hoffman wrote in Foreign Affairs of Émigré New York that “previous attempts by literature professors to tackle culture have not always resulted in works as mind-stretching and entertaining as this. ” He has held both Guggenheim and Fulbright Fellowships. In 1994, he was appointed Officer of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques by the French government. ,  Jeffrey_Mehlman  2011-02-26T14:25:54Z   Jeffrey Mehlman (born in New York City in 1944) is a literary critic and a historian of ideas. He has taught at Cornell University and Johns Hopkins University, and is currently University Professor and Professor of French Literature at Boston University. He has held visiting professorships at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, CUNY Graduate Center, Washington University in St. Louis, and MIT. Over a number of years, he has been writing an implicit history of speculative interpretation in France in the form of a series of readings of canonical literary works. In addition, Mehlman's numerous translations, beginning with his collection French Freud (Yale French Studies 48, 1973), have played an important role in the naturalization of French thought in English. A Structural Study of Autobiography was described by Tom Conley as “the first major English-language study incorporating structuralism as method and goal. ” Revolution and Repetition was saluted by Paul de Man as “one of the very brilliant and entertaining books of the last years” (back cover) and hailed as a “tour de force” by Gregory Ulmer in his article on the “ten best experimental essays written in English in the category of ‘literary criticism’ in the past half-century”. Legacies: Of Anti-Semitism in France has been translated into French and Japanese and was the subject of a polemic involving the journals Tel Quel and La Quinzaine littéraire, spilling onto the first page of Le Monde, when it appeared in French in 1984. (Mehlman’s position in the book has since been vindicated in a volume by Jacques Henric. George Steiner, reviewing Walter Benjamin for Children in the Times Literary Supplement, saluted in the book “a scholastic acuity and wit resembling that of Benjamin himself,” hailing the “sparkle” of its “erudition and playful intelligence. ” Finally, Stanley Hoffman wrote in Foreign Affairs of Émigré New York that “previous attempts by literature professors to tackle culture have not always resulted in works as mind-stretching and entertaining as this. ” He has held both Guggenheim and Fulbright Fellowships. In 1994, he was appointed Officer of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques by the French government. Template:Persondata",0
Savills Chase,"Savills Chase  2017-04-04T21:18:13Z  The Lexus Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt Steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of about 3 miles (4,828 metres), and during its running there are seventeen fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year during the Christmas Festival meeting in late December. It was first run over its present distance in 1992, when it became known as the Ericsson Chase. This replaced an earlier event, the Black and White Whisky Champion Chase, which had been run mostly over 2½ miles since 1986. The race's present title, named after its sponsor Lexus, was introduced in 2004.,  Savills Chase  2018-12-31T18:36:14Z  The Savills Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of about 3 miles (4,828 metres), and during its running there are seventeen fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year during the Christmas Festival meeting in late December. It was first run over its present distance in 1992, when it became known as the Ericsson Chase. This replaced an earlier event, the Black and White Whisky Champion Chase, which had been run mostly over 2½ miles since 1986. From 2004 to 2016 the race was sponsored by Lexus and run as the Lexus Chase. The company ended their sponsorship in November 2017 and the race was run as the Leopardstown Christmas Chase. In 2018 the property company Savills took over the sponsorship and the race was given its present title.",1
Marco_González,"Marco_González  2010-11-11T01:25:45Z   Marco González Herrera (born May 26, 1986 in Punta Arenas, Chile) is a Chilean footballer. He played as a forward for Coquimbo Unido. Template:Persondata This biographical article related to Chilean football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Marco_González  2013-01-09T01:44:43Z   Marco González Herrera (born May 26, 1986 in Punta Arenas, Chile) is a Chilean footballer. He played as a forward for Coquimbo Unido. Template:Persondata This biographical article related to Chilean football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Elias Toufexis,"Elias Toufexis  2007-01-05T13:36:32Z  You must add a |reason= parameter to this Cleanup template – replace it with {{Cleanup|August 2006|reason=}}, or remove the Cleanup template. Elias Toufexis (born in Montreal, Quebec) is a theatre, TV and film actor. A trained theatre actor, Elias was born and raised in Montreal, where he attended the Dome theatre school for 3 years. He is the Associate Artistic Director of Untimely Ripped Entertainment, a film and theatre company. He has written and performed in numerous plays in New York and Montreal. He has also written and performed in sketch comedy shows throughout his career. He has been in such films and TV shows as ""Supernatural"" (2006) ""The Five People You Meet In Heaven"" (2005), ""Dead Like Me"" (2004), ""Smallville"" (2006) ""Blade The Series"" (2006). His theatre credits include playing Hamlet in ""Hamlet"", Cassius in ""Julius Caesar"", and roles in ""7 Stories"", ""Pericles"" , ""Problem Child"" , ""Refuge"", ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". He was also a minor character (""Sal"") in Need for Speed: Carbon. He is engaged to be married to actress and musician Michelle Boback. Was voted number # 9 best actor from Montreal in The Montreal Mirror Readers Poll in 2004. In the Montreal Mirror Readers Poll 2005 he was voted # 3.,  Elias Toufexis  2008-11-23T20:22:47Z  Elias Toufexis (born October 27, 1975 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a theater, television and film actor. Elias started out as a stage actor. He is the Associate Artistic Director of Untimely Ripped Entertainment, a film, tv and theatre company. He has written and performed in numerous plays in New York, Vancouver and Montreal. He has also written and performed in sketch comedy shows throughout his career. He has been in such films and TV shows as ""Supernatural"", ""The Five People You Meet In Heaven"", ""Dead Like Me"", ""Smallville"", ""Blade The Series"" His theatre credits include playing Hamlet in ""Hamlet"", Cassius in ""Julius Caesar"", and roles in ""7 Stories"", ""Pericles"" , ""Problem Child"" , ""Refuge"", ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". He has been in the video games ""Need For Speed: Carbon"", ""Rainbow Six Vegas 2"", ""Assasins Creed 2"" and ""End War"" He is a prominent voice actor performing in multiple cartoons, video games and dozens of radio commercials. In 2007 he co-produced and starred in his first feature film entitled ""South Of Houston st."" In 2008 he started production on his second feature film entitled ""Spade"" Was voted number # 9 best actor from Montreal in The Montreal Mirror in 2004. In 2005 he was voted # 3. He was voted #9 in 2006 and #4 in 2007. Currently Toufexis resides in Montreal, also spending time in Toronto and Vancouver. Toufexis is married to actress and musician Michelle Boback.",1
Rory McAllister (footballer),"Rory McAllister (footballer)  2011-02-07T17:47:17Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, who currently plays for Brechin City in the Scottish Second Division. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness. In three seasons he played in 50 games, but scored just 4 goals. He made his league debut for Inverness as a second half substitute against his former club Aberdeen. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Scottish Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008, and he was released by Inverness in January 2009. McAllister then signed up for Brechin City, scoring a total of 34 goals in his first season as Brechin lost out in the first division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. As of 7 Feruary 2011, McAllister has 15 goals in all competitions in the 2010/11 season. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the Under-20 World Cup. ,  Rory McAllister (footballer)  2012-12-21T03:49:41Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in the Scottish Third Division. Rory McAlister came through the ranks at Aberdeen but never played for the first team. However he did play for the reserves on a few occasions. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness. In three seasons he played in 50 games, but scored just 4 goals. He made his league debut for Inverness as a second half substitute against his former club Aberdeen. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Scottish Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. In January 2009 was released by Inverness after playing 50 times and scoring 4 times for the highlanders. McAllister then signed up for Brechin City F.C., scoring a total of 34 goals in his first season as Brechin lost out in the first division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. As of 6 May 2011, McAllister has scored 24 goals in all competitions in the 2010/11 season, two of which came in a Scottish Cup quarter final against St Johnstone F.C. of the Scottish Premier League. McAllister's goalscoring exploits did not go unnoticed, with Dundee United and a number of English clubs rumoured to be keen on him. Despite rejecting an offer from Scottish Premier League side St Mirren and amidst reported interest from the likes of Aberdeen, Sheffield United and Charlton Athletic McAllister dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead F.C to be close to Aberdeen in order to get a degree in plumbing so he has something to fall back on when he retires from football. He started the season of with a quiet even game against Clyde at Broadwood but losing 2–0. He scored Peterhead's first goal in the 2012/13 season, opening his account with a goal against Rangers that ended 2–2, with Rangers grabbing a late equaliser through Andrew Little. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the Under-20 World Cup. He has also been capped at under-21 level.",1
Rich_Newey,"Rich_Newey  2009-04-25T02:07:47Z   Rich Newey (born April 23 1975) in the Coachella Valley, is a director/writer currently residing in Los Angeles. He has directed music videos for Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Sean Paul, Nate Dogg, Flipsyde, Nappy Roots, and Christina Aguilera among others. In 2007 he directed his first feature length film I Tried. He also has numerous Television Commercials to his credit for clients such as Midway Games, Proctor & Gamble, and Bally Total Fitness. He is currently represented at Terrero Films (Hollywood) for Music Videos and Station3 (Los Angeles) for Film/TV. His 1st released venture away from music videos was a political satire short, titled Global, Inc. which was originally released in Canada. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008,  Rich_Newey  2010-06-18T23:09:04Z   Rich Newey (born April 23, 1975) in the Coachella Valley, is a director/writer and editor currently residing in Los Angeles. He has directed music videos for such artists as Three 6 Mafia, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Sean Paul, Nate Dogg, Flipsyde, Nappy Roots, and Christina Aguilera among others. In 2007 he directed his first feature length film I Tried. He also has numerous Television Commercials to his credit for clients such as Midway Games, Procter & Gamble, and Bally Total Fitness. He is currently represented at Draw Pictures for Music Videos and November Films for Commercials. Station3 (Los Angeles) and Paradigm Talent Agency rep him for Film/TV. His 1st released venture away from music videos was a political satire short, titled Global, Inc. which was originally released in Canada. In 2009 he directed a short film entitled Breathe, which was selected and screened at the Hollywood Film Festival and the Miami Short Film Festival.",0
WASP_(AM),"WASP_(AM)  2008-11-16T12:46:21Z   WASP (1130 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Oldies format. Licensed to Brownsville, Pennsylvania, USA, it serves the Pittsburgh area. The station is currently owned by Keymarket Licenses, LLC and features programing from ABC Radio. WASP was the one of the first stations in a last round of FCC daytime-only licenses granted towards the end of the 1960s, at the time that FM was beginning to gain momentum. WASP was granted a license to broadcast at 1130 AM, while WKEG was granted a license to broadcast at 1110 AM from nearby Washington, Pennsylvania at around this same time. Because of the close proximity of both stations from each other, both had to adopt directional antenna patterns to protect their adjacent competitor. WASP was the more powerful of the two stations, broadcasting at a power of 5,000 watts. WASP was founded by James J. Humes, who formed The Humes Broadcasting Corporation. WASP operated for many years with a classic country format, and in the early 1990s, Humes Broadcasting successfully applied for an FM license. Though the construction permit for WASP-FM in Oliver, Pennsylvania was first issued in 1992, it wouldn't go on the air until 1994. Nevertheless, WASP-FM did go on the air, and operated with a country music format similar to the one given up by its AM sister in favor of local and syndicated national talk. WASP-FM, operating at 94. 9, transmitted its signal from North Union Township. However, both stations shared studio space in the single-story brick building which also housed the transmitter of WASP (AM) along Route 88 (aka Blaine Road), just south of California, Pennsylvania. In 1999, James Humes wanted to retire from the radio business after 30 years of ownership. He agreed to sell WASP-AM/FM to Keymarket Communications that year. Keymarket had acquired WASP-AM/FM in an effort to use WASP-FM as a vehicle for its ""Froggy"" brand of networked country music stations. With the transaction went WASP-FM morning announcer Jimmy Roach, who had enjoyed a highly successful run at both WDSY and WDVE in Pittsburgh. Roach was then the flagship morning DJ of Keymarket's entire Pittsburgh Froggy operation. For its part, WASP went to a format of MOR music from ABC Radio's Timeless Classics satellite-delivered format, and discarded much of its local programming. By 2002, WASP abandoned the satellite delivered format and simulcast co-owned Keymarket oldies station WPKL, licensed to Uniontown. The operations for WASP and its newly-acquired Keymarket affiliate stations in the area moved from its longtime location on Route 88 to a new state-of-the-art facility at Foster Plaza in Greentree, just outside of Pittsburgh's city limits. In April 2007, Keymarket Communications successfully applied for a facility change to reduce its power from 5,000 watts directional to 1,000 watts non-directional. The change allowed WASP to only have to broadcast from one single tower, rather than two as had been the case in years past. The studio building and towers that had rested along Route 88 for many years were later destroyed as part of a Route 88 widening project. ,  WASP_(AM)  2011-01-24T03:17:00Z   WASP (1130 AM) is a radio station licensed to Brownsville, Pennsylvania, USA. It serves the Pittsburgh area. The station is currently owned by Keymarket Licenses, LLC. WASP was the one of the first stations in a last round of FCC daytime-only licenses granted towards the end of the 1960s, at the time that FM was beginning to gain momentum. WASP was granted a license to broadcast at 1130 AM, while WKEG was granted a license to broadcast at 1110 AM from nearby Washington, Pennsylvania at around this same time. Because of the close proximity of both stations from each other, both had to adopt directional antenna patterns to protect their adjacent competitor. WASP was the more powerful of the two stations, broadcasting at a power of 5,000 watts. WASP was founded by James J. Humes, who formed The Humes Broadcasting Corporation. WASP operated for many years with a classic country format, and in the late 1980s, Humes Broadcasting successfully applied for an FM license. After being granted the construction permit, WASP began to add more talk to its programming lineup. Though the construction permit for WASP-FM in Oliver, Pennsylvania was first issued in 1988, it wouldn't go on the air until 1993. Nevertheless, WASP-FM did go on the air, and operated with a country music format similar to the one given up by its AM sister in favor of local and syndicated national talk. WASP-FM, operating at 94. 9, transmitted its signal from North Union Township. However, both stations shared studio space in the single-story brick building which also housed the transmitter of WASP (AM) along Route 88 (aka Blaine Road), just south of California, Pennsylvania. In 1999, James Humes wanted to retire from the radio business after 30 years of ownership. He agreed to sell WASP-AM/FM to Keymarket Communications that year. Keymarket had acquired WASP-AM/FM in an effort to use WASP-FM as a vehicle for its ""Froggy"" brand of networked country music stations. With the transaction went WASP-FM morning announcer Jimmy Roach, who had enjoyed a highly successful run at both WDSY and WDVE in Pittsburgh. Roach was then the flagship morning DJ of Keymarket's entire Pittsburgh Froggy operation. For its part, WASP went to a format of MOR music from ABC Radio's Timeless Classics satellite-delivered format, and discarded much of its local programming. By 2002, WASP abandoned the satellite delivered format and simulcast co-owned Keymarket oldies station WPKL, licensed to Uniontown. The operations for WASP and its newly-acquired Keymarket affiliate stations in the area moved from its longtime location on Route 88 to a new state-of-the-art facility at Foster Plaza in Greentree, just outside of Pittsburgh's city limits. In April 2007, Keymarket Communications successfully applied for a facility change to reduce its power from 5,000 watts directional to 1,000 watts non-directional. The change allowed WASP to only have to broadcast from one single tower, rather than two as had been the case in years past. The studio building and towers that had rested along Route 88 for many years were later destroyed as part of a Route 88 widening project. On August 28, 2010 WASP went silent (off the air). As of Saturday, September 18, 2010, WASP resumed its ongoing simulcast of WPKL. Template:Daytime Only Radio",0
Ashley Eastham,"Ashley Eastham  2019-09-12T12:46:42Z  Ashley Thomas Eastham (born 22 March 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Fleetwood Town. He began his career at Blackpool in the Championship and Premier League. He made only three appearances for Blackpool, but enjoyed his first run of senior football after moving on loan to Cheltenham Town midway through the 2009/10 season. Loan spells with Carlisle United and Cheltenham Town again followed in 2010/11, before Eastham spent the whole of the next season helping Bury to a mid-table finish in League One. Brief stints at Fleetwood Town and Notts County gave Eastham more experience at the start of last term, before he returned to Bury for their hapless fight against relegation from League One in 2012/13. In July 2013, Eastham made a permanent transfer to then-League Two side Rochdale, after leaving Blackpool. In May, 2016, Eastham penned a two-year deal with fellow league one side Fleetwood Town. Born in Preston, Lancashire, Eastham is a product of the Blackpool youth system. He attended Carr Hill High School, Kirkham, Lancashire. He signed his first professional contract in May 2009, then in July he played for the first team in the pre-season South West Challenge Cup held in North Devon, including playing in the 5–0 win over Barnstaple Town. In August 2009 he joined Conference North side Hyde United on loan, making his debut on 8 August in a 1–0 win over Stafford Rangers at Ewen Fields. On 17 August he scored Hyde's second goal in a 3–2 home victory over Gainsborough Trinity. He made a total of eleven league appearances for the Tigers, scoring one goal, before being recalled by Blackpool on 21 September. The following day, in his first year as a professional, Eastham made his debut for the Seasiders in a 4–3 defeat to Premier League side Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium in the third round of the 2009–10 League Cup. ""This is without doubt the biggest moment of my career. It was great to walk out and look at the surroundings. It is a fantastic atmosphere when you are on the pitch. I'll never forget my debut, and especially because of the type of game it was.""At the end of the 2010–11 season, Eastham signed a new two-year contract with Blackpool. Four days later Eastham made his league debut, in a 2–0 home win over Peterborough United at Bloomfield Road, when he replaced the injured Neal Eardley in the 18th minute. On 11 August 2011, Eastham was sent off in Blackpool's League Cup tie against Sheffield Wednesday. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Eastham contract was activated after the club exercised their contract, until 2013. At the end of the 2012–13 season, Eastham was released by the club despite the club was keen to keep him, but Eastham wanted to leave the club, so he earn a first team place. On 26 November 2009, Eastham joined League Two side Cheltenham Town on an initial one-month loan deal until 2 January 2010. Blackpool manager Ian Holloway said of the move: ""This is a great move for Ash. It is another step up for him, he did extremely well when he went to Hyde at the start of the season and this will be another challenge for him both on and off the field."" The Robins caretaker manager John Schofield said: ""It's great to have a bright young prospect from a Championship club made available to us. Hopefully we can offer him some first team experience for the next stage of his development as a player."" Five days later he was an unused substitute in a 0–3 defeat to Torquay United at Plainmoor. His debut came on 5 December in a 2–2 draw with Northampton Town at Whaddon Road. After four appearances, Eastham signed a one-month extension to the loan deal on 31 December. He made a total of five appearances for the Robins, then on 7 January 2010 was recalled by Blackpool from his loan spell to cover for suspensions. He was included in the Blackpool squad that travelled to South Wales to take on Cardiff City on 9 January, and was an unused substitute in the game. On 15 January he returned to Cheltenham Town, on loan until the end of the season. Two days later he was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 0–0 draw with Grimsby Town at Blundell Park. He received a one-game suspension, missing the next game, a 1–4 home defeat to League Two leaders Rochdale. Following his performance in the 2–0 home win over Morecambe on 20 February 2010, he was named in the League Two ""Team of the Week"". On 25 November 2010, Eastham joined League One side Carlisle United on loan, until 3 January 2011. He only made one appearance for the club, only in the FA Cup campaign, in a 3–2 win over Tamworth, playing 90 minutes. On 4 January 2011, Eastham then returned to the club, following his loan came to an end. 48 hours later, on 6 January 2011, Eastham joined Cheltenham Town on an initial one-month loan deal, for the second time in his career. Eastham's first game after signing for the club on a loan spell, for the second time in his career, came on 8 January 2011, in a 1–1 draw against Northampton Town. After his debut, Manager Mark Yates praised Eastham and Phil Walsh. Having made five appearance, his loan spell was extended for another month in February, followed up another loan spell extended for another month in March. On 4 April 2011, Eastham then returned to the club, following his loan came to an end. Eastham joined Bury on 25 August 2011 for one month. He made his debut for the club, in a 2–1 loss against Charlton Athletic two-day later. After the move, Eastham express ""happy"" with the loan move. Since then, his loan has been extended a further two times and he will remain at Gigg Lane until the end of the 2011–12 season. During the season, he played a pivotal part in Bury's League One campaign, including winning the Champagne Moment of the Season award for his 90th-minute equaliser as Bury fought back from 3–0 down to draw 3–3 with Huddersfield Town. At the end of the season, Eastham loan spell with Bury came to an end. On 29 August 2012, Eastham joined Blackpool's Fylde coast neighbours Fleetwood Town on a one-month loan deal, together with teammate Tom Barkhuizen who joined on loan for six months. His debut came six days later in the Football League Trophy, First round defeat to Rochdale at Spotland Stadium. Soon after, Eastham loan spell had ended despite Fleetwood Town's progress to extend his loan. On 5 October 2012, Eastham joined Notts County on loan following his Fleetwood Town loan spell came to an end. While at Notts County, Eastham made four appearance before returning to Blackpool. On 21 January 2013, Eastham returned to Bury on loan for the second time, until the end of the season. Five days later, Eastham re-made his debut for the club, in a 0–0 draw against Shrewsbury Town. Like his first spell at Bury, Eastham maintain his first team status. However, this season was overshadowed by financial problem, which led the club to their relegation. On 20 June 2013, Ashley agreed a two-year deal with Rochdale following his release from Blackpool. By the time he was released by the club, Eastham attracted interests from host of clubs. Upon joining the club, Eastham was given number five shirt. Eastham made his debut in the opening game of the season, in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United. However, he find his first team opportunities limited in the defence and went on to make 15 appearance in his first season. In his second season at Rochdale, Eastham was recalled to the starting line-up against Crewe Alexandra to make his first appearance of the season after stayed on the substitute bench for the first two matches. Eastham then scored his first goal of the season, in a 4–0 win over Walsall on 16 September 2014. Not only that, Eastham earned a place for the Football League's Team of the Week, as result of his performance. A week later, Eastham received a straight red card in the 30th minute, in a 3–2 win over Leyton Orient on 27 September 2014. Despite this, Eastham continued to be in the first team by the first half of the season and on 9 January 2015, Eastham signed a one-year contract extension with the club. Eastham later scored, in a 3–2 loss against Walsall on 10 February 2015. In his second season at Rochdale, which saw Eastham established himself in the first team, as well as, helping the club finished eighth place, he made forty-nine and scoring two times in all competitions. On Friday 20 May 2016, Eastham joined fellow league one side Fleetwood Town from Rochdale, after penning a two-year deal. Eastham rejoined a club he was previously on loan at from Blackpool FC in 2012, and will officially become a Fleetwood Town player on 1 July 2016. On the day of signing, Eastham said, ""One of the biggest factors in me coming here was the ambition from the chairman and manager. I felt it was something I wanted to be a part of"". Fleetwood exercised a one-year contract extension for him at the end of the 2017–18 season. ,  Ashley Eastham  2020-11-08T13:47:42Z  Ashley Martin Eastham (born 22 March 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for League Two club Salford City. He began his career at Blackpool in the Championship and Premier League. He made only three appearances for Blackpool, but enjoyed his first run of senior football after moving on loan to Cheltenham Town midway through the 2009/10 season. Loan spells with Carlisle United and Cheltenham Town again followed in 2010/11, before Eastham spent the whole of the next season helping Bury to a mid-table finish in League One. Brief stints at Fleetwood Town and Notts County gave Eastham more experience at the start of last term, before he returned to Bury for their hapless fight against relegation from League One in 2012/13. In July 2013, Eastham made a permanent transfer to then-League Two side Rochdale, after leaving Blackpool. In May, 2016, Eastham penned a two-year deal with fellow league one side Fleetwood Town. Born in Preston, Lancashire, Eastham is a product of the Blackpool youth system. He attended Carr Hill High School, Kirkham, Lancashire. He signed his first professional contract in May 2009, then in July he played for the first team in the pre-season South West Challenge Cup held in North Devon, including playing in the 5–0 win over Barnstaple Town. In August 2009 he joined Conference North side Hyde United on loan, making his debut on 8 August in a 1–0 win over Stafford Rangers at Ewen Fields. On 17 August he scored Hyde's second goal in a 3–2 home victory over Gainsborough Trinity. He made a total of eleven league appearances for the Tigers, scoring one goal, before being recalled by Blackpool on 21 September. The following day, in his first year as a professional, Eastham made his debut for the Seasiders in a 4–3 defeat to Premier League side Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium in the third round of the 2009–10 League Cup. ""This is without doubt the biggest moment of my career. It was great to walk out and look at the surroundings. It is a fantastic atmosphere when you are on the pitch. I'll never forget my debut, and especially because of the type of game it was.""At the end of the 2010–11 season, Eastham signed a new two-year contract with Blackpool. Four days later Eastham made his league debut, in a 2–0 home win over Peterborough United at Bloomfield Road, when he replaced the injured Neal Eardley in the 18th minute. On 11 August 2011, Eastham was sent off in Blackpool's League Cup tie against Sheffield Wednesday. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Eastham contract was activated after the club exercised their contract, until 2013. At the end of the 2012–13 season, Eastham was released by the club despite the club was keen to keep him, but Eastham wanted to leave the club, so he earn a first team place. On 26 November 2009, Eastham joined League Two side Cheltenham Town on an initial one-month loan deal until 2 January 2010. Blackpool manager Ian Holloway said of the move: ""This is a great move for Ash. It is another step up for him, he did extremely well when he went to Hyde at the start of the season and this will be another challenge for him both on and off the field."" The Robins caretaker manager John Schofield said: ""It's great to have a bright young prospect from a Championship club made available to us. Hopefully we can offer him some first team experience for the next stage of his development as a player."" Five days later he was an unused substitute in a 0–3 defeat to Torquay United at Plainmoor. His debut came on 5 December in a 2–2 draw with Northampton Town at Whaddon Road. After four appearances, Eastham signed a one-month extension to the loan deal on 31 December. He made a total of five appearances for the Robins, then on 7 January 2010 was recalled by Blackpool from his loan spell to cover for suspensions. He was included in the Blackpool squad that travelled to South Wales to take on Cardiff City on 9 January, and was an unused substitute in the game. On 15 January he returned to Cheltenham Town, on loan until the end of the season. Two days later he was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 0–0 draw with Grimsby Town at Blundell Park. He received a one-game suspension, missing the next game, a 1–4 home defeat to League Two leaders Rochdale. Following his performance in the 2–0 home win over Morecambe on 20 February 2010, he was named in the League Two ""Team of the Week"". On 25 November 2010, Eastham joined League One side Carlisle United on loan, until 3 January 2011. He only made one appearance for the club, only in the FA Cup campaign, in a 3–2 win over Tamworth, playing 90 minutes. On 4 January 2011, Eastham then returned to the club, following his loan came to an end. 48 hours later, on 6 January 2011, Eastham joined Cheltenham Town on an initial one-month loan deal, for the second time in his career. Eastham's first game after signing for the club on a loan spell, for the second time in his career, came on 8 January 2011, in a 1–1 draw against Northampton Town. After his debut, Manager Mark Yates praised Eastham and Phil Walsh. Having made five appearance, his loan spell was extended for another month in February, followed up another loan spell extended for another month in March. On 4 April 2011, Eastham then returned to the club, following his loan came to an end. Eastham joined Bury on 25 August 2011 for one month. He made his debut for the club, in a 2–1 loss against Charlton Athletic two-day later. After the move, Eastham express ""happy"" with the loan move. Since then, his loan has been extended a further two times and he will remain at Gigg Lane until the end of the 2011–12 season. During the season, he played a pivotal part in Bury's League One campaign, including winning the Champagne Moment of the Season award for his 90th-minute equaliser as Bury fought back from 3–0 down to draw 3–3 with Huddersfield Town. At the end of the season, Eastham loan spell with Bury came to an end. On 29 August 2012, Eastham joined Blackpool's Fylde coast neighbours Fleetwood Town on a one-month loan deal, together with teammate Tom Barkhuizen who joined on loan for six months. His debut came six days later in the Football League Trophy, First round defeat to Rochdale at Spotland Stadium. Soon after, Eastham loan spell had ended despite Fleetwood Town's progress to extend his loan. On 5 October 2012, Eastham joined Notts County on loan following his Fleetwood Town loan spell came to an end. While at Notts County, Eastham made four appearance before returning to Blackpool. On 21 January 2013, Eastham returned to Bury on loan for the second time, until the end of the season. Five days later, Eastham re-made his debut for the club, in a 0–0 draw against Shrewsbury Town. Like his first spell at Bury, Eastham maintain his first team status. However, this season was overshadowed by financial problem, which led the club to their relegation. On 20 June 2013, Ashley agreed a two-year deal with Rochdale following his release from Blackpool. By the time he was released by the club, Eastham attracted interests from host of clubs. Upon joining the club, Eastham was given number five shirt. Eastham made his debut in the opening game of the season, in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United. However, he find his first team opportunities limited in the defence and went on to make 15 appearance in his first season. In his second season at Rochdale, Eastham was recalled to the starting line-up against Crewe Alexandra to make his first appearance of the season after stayed on the substitute bench for the first two matches. Eastham then scored his first goal of the season, in a 4–0 win over Walsall on 16 September 2014. Not only that, Eastham earned a place for the Football League's Team of the Week, as result of his performance. A week later, Eastham received a straight red card in the 30th minute, in a 3–2 win over Leyton Orient on 27 September 2014. Despite this, Eastham continued to be in the first team by the first half of the season and on 9 January 2015, Eastham signed a one-year contract extension with the club. Eastham later scored, in a 3–2 loss against Walsall on 10 February 2015. In his second season at Rochdale, which saw Eastham established himself in the first team, as well as, helping the club finished eighth place, he made forty-nine and scoring two times in all competitions. On Friday 20 May 2016, Eastham joined fellow league one side Fleetwood Town from Rochdale, after penning a two-year deal. Eastham rejoined a club he was previously on loan at from Blackpool FC in 2012, and will officially become a Fleetwood Town player on 1 July 2016. On the day of signing, Eastham said, ""One of the biggest factors in me coming here was the ambition from the chairman and manager. I felt it was something I wanted to be a part of"". Fleetwood exercised a one-year contract extension for him at the end of the 2017–18 season. On transfer deadline day, 31 January 2020 he joined Salford City.",1
Srabanti Chatterjee,"Srabanti Chatterjee  2013-01-02T18:38:41Z  Srabanti Chatterjee Biswas (Bengali: শ্রাবন্তী চট্টোপাধ্যায়, commonly known by her first name only, Srabanti (alternately Shrabanti), born Date of Birth (DOB) : August 13, 1987, Kolkata, India) is a Bengali Film actress. ,  Srabanti Chatterjee  2014-12-29T23:27:12Z  Srabanti Chatterjee (born 30 November 1987) is a Bengali Film and television actress. She is commonly known by her first name only, Srabanti (alternately Shrabonti) Srabanti primarily works in Cinema of West Bengal, based in Kolkata. She started her career in 1997 in Mayar Badhon. She also appeared in few telefilms for ETV Bangla. Her first major role was in 2003 film Champion. She married Rajib Biswas, an Assistant Director of Hindi films such as Yugpurush (1998) and Ghulam-E-Mustafa (1997). After a hiatus of 5 years, Srabanti acted in 2008 film Bhalobasha Bhalobasha. This was followed by a number of films in the upcoming years, including several box office hits. In 2013, she acted in Aparna Sen's Goynar Baksho.",1
National_Library_of_Myanmar,"National_Library_of_Myanmar  2011-07-20T04:24:49Z   The National Library of Myanmar, located in Yankin township, Yangon, is the national library of Myanmar. Established in 1952, the National Library, along with Yangon University Library, is one of only two research libraries in Yangon. The library houses more than 220,000 books, divided into 10 sections. Its collection used to be about 618,000 books and periodicals as well as 15,800 rare and valuable manuscripts. However, in 2006, the military government announced a plan to move a large part of its collection to a new National Library in Naypyidaw, and to auction off its 8-story building and 10-acre (40,000 m2) lot in Tamwe township. In October 2008, the National Library was moved to its current location. The library's current collection of ancient Burmese texts includes 16,066 palm-leaf inscriptions, 1972 parabaik (folded writing tablets made of paper, cloth or metal), and 345 handwritten scripts of famous writers. The library's preservation and conservation section, established in 1993, regularly maintains rare Burmese manuscripts. The library plans to offer an online catalog. The National Library is a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions and National Libraries Group-Southeast Asia. The National Library originated from the Bernard Free Library, which opened in 1883 during the British colonial era. The Bernard Library was renamed the State Library under the management of the Ministry of Culture in 1952, and changed its name to the National Library in 1967. The library was first located in the Jubilee Hall building, then moved to Pansodan Road, then relocated to its penultimate home in Tamwe, and finally moved to its present location in Yankin in October 2008. This article relating to library science or information science is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  National_Library_of_Myanmar  2012-12-06T15:02:17Z   The National Library of Myanmar, located in Yankin township, Yangon, is the national library of Myanmar. Established in 1952, the National Library, along with Yangon University Library, is one of only two research libraries in Yangon. The library houses more than 220,000 books, divided into 10 sections. Its collection used to be about 618,000 books and periodicals as well as 15,800 rare and valuable manuscripts. However, in 2006, the military government announced a plan to move a large part of its collection to a new National Library in Naypyidaw, and to auction off its 8-story building and 10-acre (40,000 m2) lot in Tamwe township. In October 2008, the National Library was moved to its current location. The library's current collection of ancient Burmese texts includes 16,066 palm-leaf inscriptions, 1972 parabaik (folded writing tablets made of paper, cloth or metal), and 345 handwritten scripts of famous writers. The library's preservation and conservation section, established in 1993, regularly maintains rare Burmese manuscripts. The library plans to offer an online catalog. The National Library is a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions and National Libraries Group-Southeast Asia. The National Library originated from the Bernard Free Library, which opened in 1883 during the British colonial era. The Bernard Library was renamed the State Library under the management of the Ministry of Culture in 1952, and changed its name to the National Library in 1967. The library was first located in the Jubilee Hall building, then moved to Pansodan Road, then relocated to its penultimate home in Tamwe, and finally moved to its present location in Yankin in October 2008. This article about a building or structure in Myanmar is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article relating to library science or information science is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Carrot2,"Carrot2  2010-04-12T17:37:29Z  Carrot2 is an Open Source search results clustering engine developed by Stanisław Osiński and Dawid Weiss. It can automatically organize (cluster) small collections of documents, e.g. search results, into thematic categories. Apart from two specialized document clustering algorithms, Carrot2 offers ready-to-use components for fetching search results from various sources including YahooAPI, GoogleAPI, MSN Live API, eTools Meta Search, Lucene, SOLR, Google Desktop and more. Commercial spin off of the Carrot2 project is a company called Carrot Search. It provides more efficient and powerful versions of the open source text mining algorithms available in the Carrot2 project while still maintaining the latter. ,  Carrot2  2011-12-06T21:18:12Z  Carrot² is an open source search results clustering engine. It can automatically cluster small collections of documents, e.g. search results or document abstracts, into thematic categories. Apart from two specialized search results clustering algorithms, Carrot² offers ready-to-use components for fetching search results from various sources. Carrot² is written in Java and distributed under the BSD license. The initial version of Carrot² was implemented in 2001 by Dawid Weiss as part of his MSc thesis to validate the applicability of the STC clustering algorithm to clustering search results in Polish. In 2003, a number of other search results clustering algorithms were added, including Lingo, a novel text clustering algorithm designed specifically for clustering of search results. While the source code of Carrot² was available since 2002, it was only in 2006 when version 1.0 was officially released. In the same year, version 2.0 was released with improved user interface and extended tool set. In 2009, version 3.0 brought significant improvements in clustering quality, simplified API and new GUI application for tuning clustering based on the Eclipse Rich Client Platform. The architecture of Carrot² is based on processing components arranged into pipelines. Two major groups or processing components in Carrot² are: document sources and clustering algorithms. Document sources provide data for further processing. Typically, they would e.g. fetch search results from an external search engine, Lucene / Solr index or load text files from a local disk. Currently, Carrot² has built-in support for the following document sources: Other document sources can be integrated based on the code examples provided with Carrot² distribution. Carrot² offers two specialized document clustering algorithms that place emphasis on the quality of cluster labels: Other algorithms can be easily added to Carrot². Carrot² clustering can be called through a number of APIs. Being implemented in Java, Carrot² can be integrated with Java software through its native Java API. Carrot² provides a native C# API for calling clustering from C# / . NET software without installing a Java runtime. The Carrot² C# API requires . NET Framework version 3.5 or later. Other platforms can call Carrot² clustering through the REST service exposed by the Document Clustering Server. Example integration code is provided for PHP5, C#, Ruby and CURL. Carrot² offers a number of supporting tools that can be used to quickly set up clustering on custom data, further tuning of clustering results and exposing Carrot² clustering as a remote service: Carrot Search, a commercial spin-off of the Carrot² project, works on further development of Carrot², offers a real-time text clustering algorithm compliant with the Carrot² framework as well as text mining consulting services based on open source and proprietary software. Carrot² gave rise to a number of independent open source projects released under the umbrella of Carrot Search Labs. Currently, the following projects are available:",1
Iván Marcone,"Iván Marcone  2019-01-10T02:37:47Z  Iván José Marcone (born 3 June 1990) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Cruz Azul as a central midfielder. Born in Sarandí, Marcone was an Arsenal de Sarandí youth graduate. He made his professional debut on 18 October 2008, coming on as a second half substitute in a 3-3 home draw against Vélez Sársfield for the Primera División championship. Marcone scored his first goal on 17 October 2009, netting the first in a 1-1 home draw against Banfield. He was an important midfield unit in the club's 2012 Clausura winning campaign, being an ever-present figure. Marcone was later linked to La Liga outfit Celta de Vigo and Major League Soccer's Chicago Fire, but both offers were rejected by Arsenal. In 2013, he was also strongly linked to Independiente, but nothing came of it. On 9 January 2015 Marcone joined Getafe CF on loan until June, with a buyout clause. However, the deal was declared void later in the month. Marcone played as a holding midfielder as Lanus reached the final of the Copa Sudamerica in 2017. He was linked to a move to La Liga side UD Las Palmas afterwards as well as Club Tijuana in Mexico and Atletico Nacional in Colombia. In the summer of 2018, Marcone joined Mexican club Cruz Azul. On 21 July, Marcone debuted with Cruz Azul against Puebla and played the full 90 minutes. Marcone was called up to the Argentine national football team squad in March 2017.,  Iván Marcone  2020-12-30T22:25:18Z  Iván José Marcone (born 3 June 1990) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays as a central midfielder for Spanish club Elche CF, on loan from Boca Juniors. Born in Sarandí, Marcone was an Arsenal de Sarandí youth graduate. He made his professional debut on 18 October 2008, coming on as a second half substitute in a 3-3 home draw against Vélez Sársfield for the Primera División championship. Marcone scored his first goal on 17 October 2009, netting the first in a 1-1 home draw against Banfield. He was an important midfield unit in the club's 2012 Clausura winning campaign, being an ever-present figure. Marcone was later linked to La Liga outfit Celta de Vigo and Major League Soccer's Chicago Fire, but both offers were rejected by Arsenal. In 2013, he was also strongly linked to Independiente, but nothing came of it. On 9 January 2015 Marcone joined Getafe CF on loan until June, with a buyout clause. However, the deal was declared void later in the month. Marcone played as a holding midfielder as Lanus reached the final of the Copa Libertadores in 2017. He was linked to a move to La Liga side UD Las Palmas afterwards as well as Club Tijuana in Mexico and Atletico Nacional in Colombia. In the summer of 2018, Marcone joined Mexican club Cruz Azul. On 21 July, Marcone debuted with Cruz Azul against Puebla and played the full 90 minutes in Cruz Azul's first match of the Apertura 2018. He won the Copa MX facing C.F. Monterrey in the final. Cruz Azul ended in 1st place in the regular season with Marcone being a very important player to the team. He took Cruz Azul to their first Liga MX final since 2013, where they had lost against Club America in one of the most dramatic finals of all time. They faced Club America again in the final of the Apertura 2018 and tied 0-0 away and lost 2-0 home, both in the Estadio Azteca. In the final, he lost the ball outside the box and ended up costing Cruz Azul the game. After 6 months in Mexico with Cruz Azul, he signed for Boca Juniors in January 2019, in hopes of getting called up to the Argentina National Football Team for the Conmebol Copa America 2019 tournament. On 5 October 2020, he was loaned to La Liga side Elche CF, with an obligatory buyout clause. Marcone was called up to the Argentina national football team squad in March 2017. On 26 March 2019, Marcone debut with senior team in the 1-0 win against Morocco. Born in Argentina, Marcone is of Italian descent.",1
Khmuic_peoples,"Khmuic_peoples  2007-11-04T02:11:41Z   Khmuic people refers to an ethnic group of Southeast Asia. They can be found in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and China. The Khmuic people are aboriginal people of Laos and surrouding areas. The majority of Khmuic people live in northern Laos and neighboring areas in Vietnam. Their languages belong to the Khmuic language family, which is a branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family. Earlier classifications put the Khmuic languages in the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austro-Asiatic family, but such classification has been recently challenged. The Khmuic are generally an agricultural people, although gathering, hunting, trapping and fishing are also parts of the Khmuic lifestyle. This article about an ethnic group in Asia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Khmuic_peoples  2008-05-09T14:25:04Z   Khmuic peoples refers to a group of ethnic groups of Southeast Asia. The Khmuic peoples are aboriginal to Laos and surrounding areas. Most Khmuic peoples live in northern Laos and neighboring areas in Vietnam, although they can also be found in Thailand, Burma and China. The individual Khmuic ethnic groups are as follows: There are also the Khao and Bit ethnic groups which were once thought to be Khmuic, although recent linguistic studies suggest they are probably Palaungic. The Khmuic peoples are believed to have migrated by land from China to Laos, where they have resided for at least 4,000 years. Some 10,000 years ago, they were probably part of a largely homogenous ethnicity, now referred to as the Austro-Asiatic peoples, with a homeland somewhere within the borders of the modern-day People's Republic of China. The prevalence of Y-DNA Haplogroup O among Austro-Asiatic peoples suggests a common ancestry with the Sino-Tibetan, Austronesian, and Hmong-Mien peoples some 35,000 years ago in China. Haplogroup O is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup K, which is believed to have originated approximately 40,000 years ago somewhere between Iran and Central China. In addition to the ethnicities previously mentioned, the progenitor of Haplogroup K was the patrilineal ancestor of nearly all modern Melanesians and Native Americans. Haplogroup K, in turn, is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup F, which is believed to have originated in Northern Africa some 45,000 years ago. In addition to the ethnicities previously mentioned, the progenitor of Haplogroup F was probably the ancestor of all Indo-Europeans. Their languages belong to the Khmuic language family, which is a branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family. Most scholars agree that the Khmuic languages are part of the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austro-Asiatic family, but such classification has been recently challenged. The Khmuic are generally an agricultural people, although gathering, hunting, trapping and fishing are also parts of the Khmuic lifestyle. This article about an ethnic group in Asia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Coccothrinax_victorini,"Coccothrinax_victorini  2008-10-09T04:27:14Z   Coccothrinax victorini is a palm which is endemic to eastern Cuba. Henderson and colleagues consider Coccothrinax inaguensis to be a possible conspecific with this species. If that is the case, the older name, Coccothrinax victorini would replace the better known C. inaguensis. ,  Coccothrinax_victorini  2018-03-20T23:53:45Z   Coccothrinax victorini is a palm which is endemic to eastern Cuba. Henderson and colleagues consider Coccothrinax inaguensis to be a possible conspecific with this species. If that is the case, the older name, Coccothrinax victorini would replace the better known C. inaguensis.",0
"Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)","Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)  2015-04-11T17:09:24Z  Slavic name Plamen Ivanov Iliev (Bulgarian: Пламен Илиев; born 30 November 1991) is a Bulgarian football goalkeeper who plays for Levski Sofia. In his youth years in Botevgrad, Iliev started to play football at local team Balkan. Plamen joined Vidima-Rakovski when he was fourteen years old and signed his first contract in 2009. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Iliev was added to Vidima's senior squad by manager Dimitar Todorov. He made his B PFG debut in the starting line-up on 8 August 2009 in a 1-1 draw against Kom-Minyor. During the season he became first choice goalkeeper and earned 23 appearances, helping his team to win promotion to A PFG. Iliev was also the first choice keeper for the team from Sevlievo in the first half of the 2010/2011 A PFG season and earned praise for his performances. On 17 December 2010, Iliev was sold to Levski Sofia. His first official match for Levski was against Lokomotiv Sofia on 6 March 2011, with Iliev succeeding in keeping a clean sheet. On 6 April 2012, Iliev was appointed as Levski's captain, but will be vice-captain for the 2012/2013 season, as new coach Ilian Iliev decided to give the captain's armband to Stanislav Angelov. On 14 September 2012, Iliev signed a new contract keeping him at the club until 2016. Since 2010 Iliev has been a regular with the Bulgaria U21 side, gradually becoming first choice, taking over from Stefano Kunchev. On 11 October 2011, he was sent off in the last minute of Bulgaria's 3:2 win against Luxembourg U21 in a 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualifier after an altercation with Tom Laterza. Iliev was subsequently banned for 3 matches. Iliev has also been called up to the senior team of his country on a number of occasions, and made his debut on 29 May 2012, in the 0:2 loss against Turkey in a friendly match after replacing Stoyan Kolev in the 76th minute. Iliev appeared as a starter for the first time in the 2:1 win over Kazakhstan in another exhibition match held on 4 June 2013, managing to keep a clean sheet, with Bulgaria conceding after his replacement. As of 14 December 2014,  Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)  2016-10-08T13:45:20Z  Slavic name Plamen Ivanov Iliev (Bulgarian: Пламен Илиев; born 30 November 1991) is a Bulgarian football goalkeeper who plays for Romanian club Botoșani and the Bulgarian national team. In his youth years in Botevgrad, Iliev started to play football at local team Balkan. He joined Vidima-Rakovski when he was fourteen years old and signed his first professional contract in 2009. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Iliev was added to Vidima's senior squad by manager Dimitar Todorov. He made his B Group debut in the starting line-up on 8 August 2009 in a 1-1 draw against Kom-Minyor. During the season he became first choice goalkeeper and earned 23 appearances, helping his team to win promotion to the A Group. Iliev was also the first choice keeper for the team from Sevlievo in the first half of the 2010–11 season and earned praise for his performances. On 17 December 2010, Iliev was sold to Levski Sofia. He made his debut for Levski against Lokomotiv Sofia on 6 March 2011, with Iliev succeeding in keeping a clean sheet. On 6 April 2012, Iliev was appointed as Levski's captain, but will be vice-captain for the 2012–13 season, as new coach Ilian Iliev decided to give the captain's armband to Stanislav Angelov. On 14 September 2012, Iliev signed a new contract keeping him at the club until 2016. On 5 June 2015, Iliev agreed to a three-year deal with Liga I team Botoșani in Romania. Since 2010 Iliev has been a regular with the Bulgaria U21 side, gradually becoming first choice, taking over from Stefano Kunchev. On 11 October 2011, he was sent off in the last minute of Bulgaria's 3–2 win against Luxembourg U21 in a 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualifier after an altercation with Tom Laterza. Iliev was subsequently banned for 3 matches. Iliev has also been called up to the senior team of his country on a number of occasions, and made his debut on 29 May 2012, in the 0–2 loss against Turkey in a friendly match after replacing Stoyan Kolev in the 76th minute. Iliev appeared as a starter for the first time in the 2–1 win over Kazakhstan in another exhibition match held on 4 June 2013, managing to keep a clean sheet, with Bulgaria conceding after his replacement. As of 26 May 2016",1
Kevin Bigley,"Kevin Bigley  2015-01-11T19:47:29Z  Kevin Bigley (born October 5, 1986) is an American television and film actor, best known for playing rookie EMT Brian Czyk on USA Network's series, Sirens. Bigley was born on October 5, 1986 in Yuba City. He got his start acting as Pyramus in A Midsummer Night's Dream. Bigley studied acting at DePaul University in Chicago. After graduation, Bigley appeared in a seven-month run of ""Killer Joe"" at Profiles Theatre in Chicago. He also appeared in ""A Separate Piece"" at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theater. In 2010, Bigley moved to Los Angeles and soon landed a part in the movie Game Change. ,  Kevin Bigley  2016-12-05T16:08:01Z  Kevin Bigley is an American television and film actor, best known for playing rookie EMT Brian Czyk on the USA Network series Sirens. Bigley was born in Yuba City, California, and studied acting at DePaul University, in Chicago, Illinois. He began learning comedy as a defense mechanism to stave off bullying, Bigley began his acting career in San Francisco, California, Bigley appeared in a seven-month run of ""Killer Joe"" at Profiles Theatre in Chicago. He also performed in ""A Separate Peace"" at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theater. After working with actor Vince Vaughn on a TV pilot, Bigley moved to Los Angeles in 2010 and worked jobs including catering for a Jerry Springer game show on GSN, Baggage. He landed a part in Vaughn's 2011 movie The Dilemma and went on to appear onscreen in film and television, including on the series Bones, CSI: Miami and Chicago Code before winning the role of rookie EMT Brian Czyk the USA Network series Sirens. Bigley married actress Kate Cobb on November 8, 2014, in Chicago. The two have appeared together in Funny or Die comedy videos made by their BigCob Productions.",1
Seattle Mariners,"Seattle Mariners  2004-01-08T02:15:34Z  The Seattle Mariners are a Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. They are in the Western Division of the American League. The team was added to the American League in 1977, and were for many years perennial non-achievers. By the mid 1990s, under manager Lou Piniella, with a core of strong players built around center-fielder Ken Griffey, Jr., pitcher Randy Johnson and designated hitter Edgar Martinez, they won their division in 1995. Their dramatic championship run that year was halted in the ALCS by the Cleveland Indians. They won the division again in 1997 and the playoff wild card in 2000, despite the loss of Griffey and Johnson. In 2001, despite the loss of superstar shortstop Alex Rodriguez, the addition of Japanese sensation Ichiro Suzuki helped the Mariners to have one of the most successful regular seasons on record, leading the major leagues in winning percentage from start to finish, easily winning the American League West championship, setting a new American League record for most wins in a single season (116), and matching the major league record for single season wins set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. They pulled off a come-from-behind 3-2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS to advance to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1. Seattle's previous major league team, the Pilots, became the Milwaukee Brewers in 1970, after a single season in Seattle. ,  Seattle Mariners  2005-12-28T01:21:21Z  infobox Mariners The Seattle Mariners are a Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. They are in the West Division of the American League. The Mariners were added to the American League in 1977 as an expansion team, bringing Major League Baseball back to Seattle for the first time since the departure (after their one and only season of existence) of the Seattle Pilots to Milwaukee in 1970. The Mariners played their first game on April 6 1977 to a sold-out crowd of 58,000 at the Kingdome (they lost 7-0 to the California Angels). The early history of the team during the 1970s and 80s is characterized by perennial non-achievement. The Mariners finished last or next-to-last in their division in 10 of their first 13 seasons, and did not record a winning season until 1991. Despite having stars such as Gaylord Perry (the famed spitballer, who was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991, spent the final two years of his 20+ season career with Seattle and was given the nickname ""The Ancient Mariner""), Alvin Davis (American League Rookie of the Year (1984)), Harold Reynolds (two-time All-Star (1987-88) and three-time Gold-Glover (1988-90)), and Mark Langston (league-leader in strikeouts pitched (1984, 1986-87)), the team gained a reputation for poor performances and losing records. Highlights of the early years included hosting the 1979 All-Star Game, Gaylord Perry's 300th career win in 1982, Jim Presley's 10th inning game-winning grand slam on opening day in 1986 (this coming after he tied the game with a two run homer in the ninth), cannon-blasts from the ""USS Mariner"" behind the centerfield wall following home runs by the home team, appearances by Morganna the kissing-bandit, and promotions such as ""Funny Nose Glasses Night."" One notable lowlight was Roger Clemens record-setting performance April 29, 1986 in defeating the Mariners and becoming the first pitcher ever to strike out 20 batters in a nine-inning game. The rookie season (1989) of centerfielder Ken Griffey, Jr., acquired with the 1st pick in the 1st round of the 1987 amateur draft, gave fans hope that a change of fortunes may not be long in coming. Acclaimed as one of the most talented young athletes in all of baseball, Griffey's combination of charisma, stellar defensive ability, hitting power, and baserunning speed made him one of baseball's preeminent superstars of the 1990s, and helped to steer the Mariners to much greater success during his 11 seasons in Seattle. In 1991, the Mariners had their first winning season, finishing 83-79 under manager Jim Lefebvre. Though it was the team's best season, it was only good enough to end in fifth place in their seven-team division, and Lefebvre was fired. Bill Plummer served as manager in 1992. Prior to the 1993 season, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who managed the Cincinnati Reds to a 1990 World Series win. The Mariner's fortunes began to turn for the better in 1994. The team had added a core of strong players built around center fielder Ken Griffey, Jr., pitcher Randy Johnson and designated hitter Edgar Martinez. But, ironically, the emergence of the team from the disaster that symbolized their history may have been precipitated by a disaster of a different sort. On July 19, 1994, four 26-pound ceiling tiles crashed down from the Kingdome roof setting in motion one of the more bizarre chapters in Mariners history, one that, at the time, threatened the future of baseball in Seattle while ultimately may have helped to save it. The team was subsequently forced to play its longest road trip ever — 20 games in 21 days spanning 10,425 miles. The incident also further inflamed the debate about the Kingdome's suitability as a baseball facility and the Mariners' quest for a new stadium, eventually leading to the building of Safeco Field. Options such as playing home games at Tacoma's Cheney Stadium and Vancouver's BC Place were explored and dismissed, mostly because the players association decided (after specific complaints by the California Angels) its members shouldn't play anywhere but at major-league parks. So the Mariners, who had played on the road in 10 of the previous 15 games before the tiles fell, packed up and left town again. The long trip got off to a terrible start as the M's went 2-8. In the midst of all that chaos, or maybe because of it, the Mariners' young foundation of Ken Griffey Jr., Randy Johnson, Jay Buhner and Edgar Martinez began to come together. After winning nine of their next ten games, the Mariners were just 2 games behind division-leading Texas when a players' strike was called on August 12 that canceled the rest of the season. Many players felt the time together on the road and the overcoming of the adversity faced that season fed directly into the success the team would achieve in the 1995 season. In 1995, an early-season injury to Griffey seemed to doom the season. In mid-August, the Mariners were 13 games behind the first-place California Angels. A September winning streak marked by late-inning comeback wins, combined with a losing streak by the Angels, opened the way for the Mariners to tie the Angels for first place on the last day of the season. The Mariners won the tiebreaker game 9-1 and clinched their first-ever trip to the playoffs. Down 2-0 in the ALDS, in one of the most dramatic comebacks in playoff history, the Mariners won three games at home to beat the New York Yankees and advance to the ALCS. One of the most memorable moments of Mariners history happened in Game 5 with a double by Martinez in the 11th inning that scored Joey Cora and Griffey to win the game 6-5. ""The Double"", as Martinez's clutch hit has since been called by Mariners fans, is credited as being the moment that ""saved baseball in Seattle"" by generating interest in the team and making a new, baseball only stadium possible. Unfortunately, the Mariners' memorable championship run was halted by another up and coming club, Mike Hargrove's Cleveland Indians. 1995 is fondly remembered as The Magical Season. In 1996, the Mariners, led by Griffey, rookie shortstop Alex Rodriguez, and sluggers Jay Buhner and Edgar Martinez, won a then team record 85 games but missed the playoffs. The juggernaut offense set the record for most home runs by a team in a season, but ultimately the M's lack of pitching, exacerbated by Randy Johnson's midseason injury, doomed the team. The Mariners won the division title again in 1997, but were defeated in the ALDS 3-1 by the Baltimore Orioles. They were again hurt by a lack of pitching depth to complement the outstanding offense, which was, as usual, led by Griffey, who won the MVP award (a first for both him and the Mariners). In 1998 and 1999, the Mariners had losing records due to their lack of pitching depth (Johnson was traded at the July Non-Waiver Trading Deadline to the Houston Astros after being inconsistent in the first half of the season; some fans and press thought he was trying to force a trade through malaise). Midway through the 1999 season, the Mariners moved to SAFECO Field. After the 1999 season, Ken Griffey, Jr. requested and attained a trade to the Cincinnati Reds, leaving Alex Rodriguez as the face of the franchise at the beginning of the SAFECO Field era. 2000 was a return to respectability for the Mariners, as they won the Wild Card. They finished half a game behind Oakland Athletics, as they played only 161 games. The tiebreaking rules had already awarded the division crown to Oakland, so the rained out 162nd game was not made up. While Ken Griffey, Jr. was no longer patrolling center or lurking in the middle of the batting order, he was adequately replaced by the incredible glovework and solid hitting of new center fielder Mike Cameron. Alex Rodriguez replaced Junior as the face of the franchise and Edgar Martinez provided his usual excellent hitting in the cleanup spot. Freddy Garcia and Jamie Moyer were steady parts in the rotation. Closer Kazuhiro Sasaki, a former professional in his home country of Japan, won the Rookie of the Year award. The Mariners swept the White Sox in the ALDS, but lost to the New York Yankees in six games in the ALCS. The following offseason was as important as any in Mariners history, as Rodriguez was up for free agency. Ultimately, Rodriguez was lost to the Texas Rangers for what was then the richest contract ever in professional sports. However, the Mariners were able to weather the loss by adding Japanese superstar Ichiro Suzuki, who won the Most Valuable Player award and Rookie of the Year in 2001, and slick fielding, power hitting second base veteran Bret Boone, who was also an MVP candidate. In 2001, despite the loss of Rodriguez (He would be greeted on his return to Safeco with Monopoly money dropped by irate Seattle fans), the addition of Ichiro (who wears his first name on the back of his jersey) and a career season by Boone helped the Mariners to the most successful regular season on record in the modern era. The 2001 Mariners led the major leagues in winning percentage from start to finish, easily winning the American League West championship, setting a new Major League Baseball record for most wins in a single season with an unprecedented 116, and matching the previous record for single season wins set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. At the end of the season, Ichiro won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox' Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. The Mariners pulled off a come-from-behind 3-2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS to advance to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1, in a hard-fought series. At the end of the 2002 season, manager Lou Piniella left the Mariners to manage his hometown Tampa Bay Devil Rays, reportedly due to his anger with the management policy of investing in low quality free agents and refusing to make late-season trades. The Mariners signed Bob Melvin to be their new manager. The local press speculated that a first year manager (especially one of Melvin's temperament) would be easier for the front office and ownership to control. While they started the season hot (they were on pace to win 100+ games again well into the summer), the Mariners missed out on the playoffs due to their failure to find a substantial contributor at the trade deadline and the unbelieveable hot streaks by the Anaheim Angels and Oakland Athletics in the later months of the season. Ultimately, the Angels won the World Series as the Mariners won 93 games, still the second best total in their history. Despite an excellent start to the 2003 season, the Mariners contended and reached the same record as in 2002, but were again beat to the playoffs by the Athletics. They failed to make the playoffs, which was again blamed on management's failure to bring in a bat at the trading deadline and the aging roster's decline. General Mangager Pat Gillick became a consultant midway through the offseason to make room for Bill Bavasi. The Mariners stayed competitive in 7 of the 9 seasons from 1995 to 2003. The 2004 season, however, saw the fall of the Mariners from annual contention. Although many of their players were aging, the Mariners continued an apparent practice of ""content to contend,"" starting the 2004 season having not made a major deal in three years. The team lost their first five games and went into the All-Star Break with a 9-game losing streak, a 32-54 season record (.372), and 17 games behind the first-place Texas Rangers. After the All-Star break, unable to ignore the dreadful state of their team, the Mariners gave the team a complete overhaul, moving aging and unproven players away from center stage (the most notable move was trading Freddy Garcia to the Chicago White Sox for Miguel Olivo, Jeremy Reed, and Mike Morse, all of whom started for the big club at some point in 2005) and inserting over a dozen call-ups into the 25-man roster. The season's end was enlivened by Ichiro breaking George Sisler's single season record of 257 hits (finishing with 262) and by events honoring the retirement of Mariner icon Edgar Martinez. Just days after the end of the season, the Mariners fired Melvin. On October 20, 2004, the Mariners announced the signing of their new manager, Mike Hargrove. Hargrove was the manager who led the Cleveland Indians past the Mariners in the 1995 ALCS. In the offseason, the Mariners and Bavasi surprised fans and the local press by signing two premier free agents, third baseman Adrian Beltre and first baseman Richie Sexson, ending accusations that the organization was only willing to make piecemeal signings and trades. Despite many changes and large player signings touted by the Mariners ownership after the 2004 season, the team stayed at the bottom of the divisional standings throughout the 2005 season and finished in last place, though they won six more games than the year before. The brightest spot of the season was the emergence of the vaunted 19 year old Venezuelan pitching prospect ""King"" Felix Hernandez (it was generally agreed that he was baseball's overall best pitching prospect) who became the youngest major leaguer to debut since Jose Rijo of the New York Yankees entered the league at the age of nineteen in 1984. Unfortunately, stars Ichiro and Adrian Beltre failed to match their levels of production from 2004. However, Sexson exceeded expectations with 39 home runs and 121 RBI. Aside from Hernandez, some promising rookie middle infielders became part of the Mariners' long term plan: Cuban defector, shortstop and defensive wizard Yuniesky Betancourt and Venezuelan second baseman and former top prospect Jose Lopez became next season's starters. However, the Mariners' rotation beyond Hernandez and the aging Moyer was poor; the Mariners had the most suspendees under the new drug testing policy, notably Ryan Franklin and Morse; and fan attendance declined significantly. The Mariners realized that in order to return to respectability and avoid losing money, they had to make a splash in the weak free agent and trade markets this winter, particularly in regard to the rotation. The Mariners began the 2005-2006 off-season by signing Japan's top catcher, Kenji Johjima, to a 3-year deal and left-handed starter Jarrod Washburn (formerly of division rival Los Angeles) to a 4-year deal. The team has a Mariners Hall of Fame, with the following members: The Mariners have not retired any uniform numbers. The team has not reissued the number 3 of Alex Rodriguez or the number 24 of Ken Griffey, Jr. to any player since they left the team; however field manager Bob Melvin wore number 3 during his tenure from 2003-2004. Number 51 worn by Randy Johnson was witheld from players for several years until 2001, when it was awarded to Ichiro Suzuki upon his request after wearing it for his entire superstar career in Japan. It is unlikely that numbers 11 (retired Edgar Martinez) and 19 (retired Jay Buhner) will be issued to players again before they are eventually officially retired. infobox Mariners The Seattle Mariners are a Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. They are in the West Division of the American League. The Mariners were added to the American League in 1977 as an expansion team, bringing Major League Baseball back to Seattle for the first time since the departure (after their one and only season of existence) of the Seattle Pilots to Milwaukee in 1970. The Mariners played their first game on April 6 1977 to a sold-out crowd of 58,000 at the Kingdome (they lost 7-0 to the California Angels). The early history of the team during the 1970s and 80s is characterized by perennial non-achievement. The Mariners finished last or next-to-last in their division in 10 of their first 13 seasons, and did not record a winning season until 1991. Despite having stars such as Gaylord Perry (the famed spitballer, who was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991, spent the final two years of his 20+ season career with Seattle and was given the nickname ""The Ancient Mariner""), Alvin Davis (American League Rookie of the Year (1984)), Harold Reynolds (two-time All-Star (1987-88) and three-time Gold-Glover (1988-90)), and Mark Langston (league-leader in strikeouts pitched (1984, 1986-87)), the team gained a reputation for poor performances and losing records. Highlights of the early years included hosting the 1979 All-Star Game, Gaylord Perry's 300th career win in 1982, Jim Presley's 10th inning game-winning grand slam on opening day in 1986 (this coming after he tied the game with a two run homer in the ninth), cannon-blasts from the ""USS Mariner"" behind the centerfield wall following home runs by the home team, appearances by Morganna the kissing-bandit, and promotions such as ""Funny Nose Glasses Night."" One notable lowlight was Roger Clemens record-setting performance April 29, 1986 in defeating the Mariners and becoming the first pitcher ever to strike out 20 batters in a nine-inning game. The rookie season (1989) of centerfielder Ken Griffey, Jr., acquired with the 1st pick in the 1st round of the 1987 amateur draft, gave fans hope that a change of fortunes may not be long in coming. Acclaimed as one of the most talented young athletes in all of baseball, Griffey's combination of charisma, stellar defensive ability, hitting power, and baserunning speed made him one of baseball's preeminent superstars of the 1990s, and helped to steer the Mariners to much greater success during his 11 seasons in Seattle. In 1991, the Mariners had their first winning season, finishing 83-79 under manager Jim Lefebvre. Though it was the team's best season, it was only good enough to end in fifth place in their seven-team division, and Lefebvre was fired. Bill Plummer served as manager in 1992. Prior to the 1993 season, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who managed the Cincinnati Reds to a 1990 World Series win. The Mariner's fortunes began to turn for the better in 1994. The team had added a core of strong players built around center fielder Ken Griffey, Jr., pitcher Randy Johnson and designated hitter Edgar Martinez. But, ironically, the emergence of the team from the disaster that symbolized their history may have been precipitated by a disaster of a different sort. On July 19, 1994, four 26-pound ceiling tiles crashed down from the Kingdome roof setting in motion one of the more bizarre chapters in Mariners history, one that, at the time, threatened the future of baseball in Seattle while ultimately may have helped to save it. The team was subsequently forced to play its longest road trip ever — 20 games in 21 days spanning 10,425 miles. The incident also further inflamed the debate about the Kingdome's suitability as a baseball facility and the Mariners' quest for a new stadium, eventually leading to the building of Safeco Field. Options such as playing home games at Tacoma's Cheney Stadium and Vancouver's BC Place were explored and dismissed, mostly because the players association decided (after specific complaints by the California Angels) its members shouldn't play anywhere but at major-league parks. So the Mariners, who had played on the road in 10 of the previous 15 games before the tiles fell, packed up and left town again. The long trip got off to a terrible start as the M's went 2-8. In the midst of all that chaos, or maybe because of it, the Mariners' young foundation of Ken Griffey Jr., Randy Johnson, Jay Buhner and Edgar Martinez began to come together. After winning nine of their next ten games, the Mariners were just 2 games behind division-leading Texas when a players' strike was called on August 12 that canceled the rest of the season. Many players felt the time together on the road and the overcoming of the adversity faced that season fed directly into the success the team would achieve in the 1995 season. In 1995, an early-season injury to Griffey seemed to doom the season. In mid-August, the Mariners were 13 games behind the first-place California Angels. A September winning streak marked by late-inning comeback wins, combined with a losing streak by the Angels, opened the way for the Mariners to tie the Angels for first place on the last day of the season. The Mariners won the tiebreaker game 9-1 and clinched their first-ever trip to the playoffs. Down 2-0 in the ALDS, in one of the most dramatic comebacks in playoff history, the Mariners won three games at home to beat the New York Yankees and advance to the ALCS. One of the most memorable moments of Mariners history happened in Game 5 with a double by Martinez in the 11th inning that scored Joey Cora and Griffey to win the game 6-5. ""The Double"", as Martinez's clutch hit has since been called by Mariners fans, is credited as being the moment that ""saved baseball in Seattle"" by generating interest in the team and making a new, baseball only stadium possible. Unfortunately, the Mariners' memorable championship run was halted by another up and coming club, Mike Hargrove's Cleveland Indians. 1995 is fondly remembered as The Magical Season. In 1996, the Mariners, led by Griffey, rookie shortstop Alex Rodriguez, and sluggers Jay Buhner and Edgar Martinez, won a then team record 85 games but missed the playoffs. The juggernaut offense set the record for most home runs by a team in a season, but ultimately the M's lack of pitching, exacerbated by Randy Johnson's midseason injury, doomed the team. The Mariners won the division title again in 1997, but were defeated in the ALDS 3-1 by the Baltimore Orioles. They were again hurt by a lack of pitching depth to complement the outstanding offense, which was, as usual, led by Griffey, who won the MVP award (a first for both him and the Mariners). In 1998 and 1999, the Mariners had losing records due to their lack of pitching depth (Johnson was traded at the July Non-Waiver Trading Deadline to the Houston Astros after being inconsistent in the first half of the season; some fans and press thought he was trying to force a trade through malaise). Midway through the 1999 season, the Mariners moved to SAFECO Field. After the 1999 season, Ken Griffey, Jr. requested and attained a trade to the Cincinnati Reds, leaving Alex Rodriguez as the face of the franchise at the beginning of the SAFECO Field era. 2000 was a return to respectability for the Mariners, as they won the Wild Card. They finished half a game behind Oakland Athletics, as they played only 161 games. The tiebreaking rules had already awarded the division crown to Oakland, so the rained out 162nd game was not made up. While Ken Griffey, Jr. was no longer patrolling center or lurking in the middle of the batting order, he was adequately replaced by the incredible glovework and solid hitting of new center fielder Mike Cameron. Alex Rodriguez replaced Junior as the face of the franchise and Edgar Martinez provided his usual excellent hitting in the cleanup spot. Freddy Garcia and Jamie Moyer were steady parts in the rotation. Closer Kazuhiro Sasaki, a former professional in his home country of Japan, won the Rookie of the Year award. The Mariners swept the White Sox in the ALDS, but lost to the New York Yankees in six games in the ALCS. The following offseason was as important as any in Mariners history, as Rodriguez was up for free agency. Ultimately, Rodriguez was lost to the Texas Rangers for what was then the richest contract ever in professional sports. However, the Mariners were able to weather the loss by adding Japanese superstar Ichiro Suzuki, who won the Most Valuable Player award and Rookie of the Year in 2001, and slick fielding, power hitting second base veteran Bret Boone, who was also an MVP candidate. In 2001, despite the loss of Rodriguez (He would be greeted on his return to Safeco with Monopoly money dropped by irate Seattle fans), the addition of Ichiro (who wears his first name on the back of his jersey) and a career season by Boone helped the Mariners to the most successful regular season on record in the modern era. The 2001 Mariners led the major leagues in winning percentage from start to finish, easily winning the American League West championship, setting a new Major League Baseball record for most wins in a single season with an unprecedented 116, and matching the previous record for single season wins set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. At the end of the season, Ichiro won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox' Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. The Mariners pulled off a come-from-behind 3-2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS to advance to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1, in a hard-fought series. At the end of the 2002 season, manager Lou Piniella left the Mariners to manage his hometown Tampa Bay Devil Rays, reportedly due to his anger with the management policy of investing in low quality free agents and refusing to make late-season trades. The Mariners signed Bob Melvin to be their new manager. The local press speculated that a first year manager (especially one of Melvin's temperament) would be easier for the front office and ownership to control. While they started the season hot (they were on pace to win 100+ games again well into the summer), the Mariners missed out on the playoffs due to their failure to find a substantial contributor at the trade deadline and the unbelieveable hot streaks by the Anaheim Angels and Oakland Athletics in the later months of the season. Ultimately, the Angels won the World Series as the Mariners won 93 games, still the second best total in their history. Despite an excellent start to the 2003 season, the Mariners contended and reached the same record as in 2002, but were again beat to the playoffs by the Athletics. They failed to make the playoffs, which was again blamed on management's failure to bring in a bat at the trading deadline and the aging roster's decline. General Mangager Pat Gillick became a consultant midway through the offseason to make room for Bill Bavasi. The Mariners stayed competitive in 7 of the 9 seasons from 1995 to 2003. The 2004 season, however, saw the fall of the Mariners from annual contention. Although many of their players were aging, the Mariners continued an apparent practice of ""content to contend,"" starting the 2004 season having not made a major deal in three years. The team lost their first five games and went into the All-Star Break with a 9-game losing streak, a 32-54 season record (.372), and 17 games behind the first-place Texas Rangers. After the All-Star break, unable to ignore the dreadful state of their team, the Mariners gave the team a complete overhaul, moving aging and unproven players away from center stage (the most notable move was trading Freddy Garcia to the Chicago White Sox for Miguel Olivo, Jeremy Reed, and Mike Morse, all of whom started for the big club at some point in 2005) and inserting over a dozen call-ups into the 25-man roster. The season's end was enlivened by Ichiro breaking George Sisler's single season record of 257 hits (finishing with 262) and by events honoring the retirement of Mariner icon Edgar Martinez. Just days after the end of the season, the Mariners fired Melvin. On October 20, 2004, the Mariners announced the signing of their new manager, Mike Hargrove. Hargrove was the manager who led the Cleveland Indians past the Mariners in the 1995 ALCS. In the offseason, the Mariners and Bavasi surprised fans and the local press by signing two premier free agents, third baseman Adrian Beltre and first baseman Richie Sexson, ending accusations that the organization was only willing to make piecemeal signings and trades. Despite many changes and large player signings touted by the Mariners ownership after the 2004 season, the team stayed at the bottom of the divisional standings throughout the 2005 season and finished in last place, though they won six more games than the year before. The brightest spot of the season was the emergence of the vaunted 19 year old Venezuelan pitching prospect ""King"" Felix Hernandez (it was generally agreed that he was baseball's overall best pitching prospect) who became the youngest major leaguer to debut since Jose Rijo of the New York Yankees entered the league at the age of nineteen in 1984. Unfortunately, stars Ichiro and Adrian Beltre failed to match their levels of production from 2004. However, Sexson exceeded expectations with 39 home runs and 121 RBI. Aside from Hernandez, some promising rookie middle infielders became part of the Mariners' long term plan: Cuban defector, shortstop and defensive wizard Yuniesky Betancourt and Venezuelan second baseman and former top prospect Jose Lopez became next season's starters. However, the Mariners' rotation beyond Hernandez and the aging Moyer was poor; the Mariners had the most suspendees under the new drug testing policy, notably Ryan Franklin and Morse; and fan attendance declined significantly. The Mariners realized that in order to return to respectability and avoid losing money, they had to make a splash in the weak free agent and trade markets this winter, particularly in regard to the rotation. The Mariners began the 2005-2006 off-season by signing Japan's top catcher, Kenji Johjima, to a 3-year deal and left-handed starter Jarrod Washburn (formerly of division rival Los Angeles) to a 4-year deal. The team has a Mariners Hall of Fame, with the following members: The Mariners have not retired any uniform numbers. The team has not reissued the number 3 of Alex Rodriguez or the number 24 of Ken Griffey, Jr. to any player since they left the team; however field manager Bob Melvin wore number 3 during his tenure from 2003-2004. Number 51 worn by Randy Johnson was witheld from players for several years until 2001, when it was awarded to Ichiro Suzuki upon his request after wearing it for his entire superstar career in Japan. It is unlikely that numbers 11 (retired Edgar Martinez) and 19 (retired Jay Buhner) will be issued to players again before they are eventually officially retired. Template loop detected: Seattle Mariners roster  Team Seattle Mariners  Team Seattle Mariners",1
Martin Clunes,"Martin Clunes  2022-01-12T21:04:12Z  Alexander Martin Clunes OBE DL (born 28 November 1961) is an English actor, comedian, director and television presenter. He is best known for portraying Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy-drama series Doc Martin and Gary Strang in Men Behaving Badly. Clunes has narrated a number of documentaries for ITV, the first of which was Islands of Britain in 2009. He has since presented a number of documentaries centred on animals. He has also voiced Kipper the Dog in the animated series Kipper. Clunes was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to drama, charity and the community in Dorset. Clunes was born on 28 November 1961 in Wimbledon, London, the son of actor Alec Clunes. Clunes was educated at the Royal Russell School in Croydon, London, and later at the Arts Educational Schools, London. He has an older sister Amanda. Clunes is also related to actor Jeremy Brett, who is variously described as either Clunes's uncle or cousin. Alec Clunes died of lung cancer when his son was eight years old. Clunes served his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance was in an adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov's The White Guard for the BBC Play of the Month in 1982, followed by the Doctor Who story Snakedance in 1983. A sporadic career led to his supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of the sitcom All at No 20. While Clunes was appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him; the acquaintanceship developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows (most notably one of the Rugby Players). Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, for which Clunes won a BAFTA television award for Best Comedy Performance in 1996. He played the part of Group Captain Barker in the two-part TV mini-series Over Here that same year. In 1993, he played Dick Dobson in Demob about a pair of demobilised soldiers who have to adjust to civilian life after entertaining Second World War troops with a raunchy cabaret act. Since 1994, Clunes has frequently appeared on the BBC One panel show Have I Got News for You as a panelist or a guest presenter. Clunes has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening with Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. In 2001, he played Captain Stickles in the BBC adaptation of R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. In 2002, Clunes played serial killer John George Haigh in a Yorkshire TV production A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye Mr Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV comedy-drama William and Mary, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). Since 2004, Clunes has played the lead role of Doctor Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin. In August 2007, Clunes starred in the ITV/TVNZ co-production The Man Who Lost His Head. Clunes is a regular voice-over artist and is the voice of Kipper in the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. For six years (1993–1999) he also did voice acting for Safeway adverts; he provided the voice of Harry in Safeway's 'When Harry Met Molly' advertising campaign during said years. Clunes appeared in a television dramatisation of Fungus the Bogeyman playing Jessica White's father. Between 2009 and 2010, Clunes starred on BBC One television in the title role of Reggie Perrin, a re-make of classic 1970s British situation comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. In 2015, Clunes played the role of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the ITV mini-series Arthur & George. In 2018, Clunes played the role of DCI Colin Sutton in the ITV drama Manhunt (first screened in 2019). In 2019, Clunes return to sitcom with the BBC1 series Warren, saying ""It was just so funny, I couldn't turn it down"". Clunes played Brock in the 1990 film The Russia House. He played a character called Martin, in the 1992 film, Carry On Columbus; Richard Burbage in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love, and Anthony Staxton-Billing in Sweet Revenge the same year. In 2000, Clunes played the role of Dr. Martin Bamford in the film Saving Grace, and the follow up to that film Doc Martin the following year (2001), he played James Chancellor in Global Heresy. In 2011, Clunes voiced the mischievous dog Dudley in the short film Me or the Dog, starring Edward Hogg and directed by Abner Pastoll. Clunes then starred in the 2014 film Nativity 3: Dude, Where's My Donkey? . In 2008 Clunes presented Martin Clunes: A Man and his Dogs, which was aired on 24 August 2008. In 2009, Clunes presented a three-part ITV series Islands of Britain, which saw him travelling around several of the country's lesser known islands. In 2010 Clunes presented ITV mini-series Horsepower about man's relationship over time with the horse. This was followed by Heavy Horsepower which aired in 2013. In January 2011, Clunes presented documentary Martin Clunes: Man to Manta. In June 2012 Clunes presented a documentary series on ITV about the lemurs of Madagascar called Martin Clunes: The Lemurs of Madagascar. On 31 January 2013 Clunes narrated ITV documentary Secret Life of Dogs. Then, on 2 and 3 June 2014, he narrated two more follow-up documentaries, Secret Life of Cats and Secret Life of Babies. On 4 April 2014 Clunes hosted a one-off ITV documentary called Martin Clunes & A Lion Called Mugie, following the work of conservationists in Kenya as well as tracking the progress of a lion called Mugie. The documentary was filmed over a period of three years. In August 2014 Clunes narrated ITV's three-part documentary series Kids with Cameras: Diary of a Children's Ward which saw Newcastle's children's ward through the eyes of its patients. In April 2015 Clunes narrated Carry on Forever, a three part documentary series for ITV3. It was shown over the Easter weekend. In May 2015 Clunes presented Man & Beast with Martin Clunes, a two-part factual series for ITV, which looked at the relationship between humans and animals. In 2016 he narrated Rising Damp Forever, a two-part documentary series for ITV3. He also voiced ITV programmes Secrets of Growing Old, Secrets of Growing Up and Britain's Favourite Dogs. Also in 2016 Martin Clunes: Islands of Australia (also known as Islands of Oz) was released as a three part Australian documentary television series produced by Prospero Productions for the Seven Network that ""follows acclaimed actor and comedian Martin Clunes as he explores the most diverse, intriguing, remote and spectacular islands that surround Australia."" In 2019 Martin Clunes: Islands of America was released as a four-part documentary where he traveled to remote islands across the United States. Clunes's first marriage was to actress Lucy Aston in 1990. They divorced in 1997 and Clunes married future Doc Martin producer Philippa Braithwaite late that year. In 1998, Braithwaite gave birth to their daughter Emily. As of 2013, Clunes and his family live in Beaminster, Dorset, where they run a farm with heavy horses. He became president of the British Horse Society on 1 June 2011. He is a Deputy Lieutenant of Dorset. A sponsor of numerous charities, Clunes made a short on-line film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. Clunes supports Weldmar Hospicecare Trust in Dorset and is a Patron of Julia's House, the Dorset and Wiltshire children's hospice. The Buckham Fair is organised in support of these charities. In January 2011, Clunes became patron of Animal Care in Egypt. Clunes was a patron of the Born Free Foundation, and had filmed several adverts for the charity. However, he was dropped by the foundation in May 2019, after he was filmed riding an elephant in an episode of the ITV documentary series My Travels with Other Animals. He has been involved in the Comic Relief charity which funds Survival International and African Initiatives, two organisations working with the Maasai on indigenous land rights issues. Clunes is also a celebrity supporter of The Dog Rescue Federation. BAFTA Award for Best Comedy Performance (1996),  Martin Clunes  2023-12-27T01:21:45Z  Alexander Martin Clunes OBE DL (born 28 November 1961) is an English actor, director and television presenter. He is best known for portraying Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy-drama series Doc Martin and Gary Strang in Men Behaving Badly. Clunes has narrated a number of documentaries for ITV, the first of which was Islands of Britain in 2009. He has since presented a number of documentaries centred on animals. He has also voiced Kipper the Dog in the animated series Kipper. Clunes was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to drama, charity and the community in Dorset. Clunes was born on 28 November 1961 in Wimbledon (then in Surrey, now in Greater London), the son of actor Alec Clunes and his second wife, Daphne (née Acott) Clunes (4 July 1928 – 17 September 2007). Clunes was educated at the Royal Russell School in Croydon, and later at the Arts Educational Schools, London. He has an older sister, Amanda. Clunes is related to actor Jeremy Brett, who was variously described as either Clunes's uncle or cousin. Clunes played his first role in rep at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and his first television appearance was in an adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov's The White Guard for the BBC Play of the Month in 1982, followed by the Doctor Who story Snakedance in 1983. A sporadic career led to his supplementing his income as a photo model for Gilbert and George, and he can be seen in their 1983 work World. He got his first regular television role as one of the sons in the BBC sitcom No Place Like Home, and then starred in two series of the sitcom All at No 20. While Clunes was appearing on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, Harry Enfield came to see him; the acquaintanceship developed into a friendship where Clunes played characters in Enfield's sketch shows (most notably one of the Rugby Players). Enfield then recommended Clunes for the role of Gary in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly, written for Enfield by Simon Nye, for which Clunes won a British Academy Television Award for Best Comedy Performance in 1996. He played the part of Group Captain Barker in the two-part TV mini-series Over Here that same year. In 1993, he played Dick Dobson in Demob about a pair of demobilised soldiers who have to adjust to civilian life after entertaining Second World War troops with a raunchy cabaret act. Since 1994, Clunes has frequently appeared on the BBC One panel show Have I Got News for You as a panelist or a guest presenter. Clunes has since appeared in films and television shows such as An Evening with Gary Lineker, Staggered (starred and directed), Hunting Venus, The Booze Cruise, Saving Grace and Jeeves and Wooster. In 1998, he was featured in Sweet Revenge and appeared as Richard Burbage in the film Shakespeare in Love. Clunes has also acted frequently for the radio, including a guest appearance in the BBC Radio 4 series Baldi. In 2001, he played Captain Stickles in the BBC adaptation of R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. In 2002, Clunes played serial killer John George Haigh in a Yorkshire TV production A Is for Acid, and took the lead in ITV's production of Goodbye, Mr. Chips. Clunes was one of the eponymous leads in the 2004 ITV comedy-drama William and Mary, with Julie Graham. Clunes had worked with Julie Graham previously on Dirty Tricks (2000). From 2004 until the conclusion in 2022 Clunes played the lead role of Doctor Martin Ellingham in the ITV comedy drama series Doc Martin. In August 2007, Clunes starred in the ITV/TVNZ co-production The Man Who Lost His Head. Clunes is a regular voice-over artist and is the voice of Kipper in the animated children's series Kipper the Dog. For six years (1993–1999) he also did voice acting for Safeway adverts; he provided the voice of Harry in Safeway's 'When Harry Met Molly' advertising campaign during said years. Clunes appeared in a television dramatisation of Fungus the Bogeyman playing Jessica White's father. Between 2009 and 2010, Clunes starred on BBC One television in the title role of Reggie Perrin, a re-make of classic 1970s British situation comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. In 2015, Clunes played the role of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the ITV mini-series Arthur & George. In 2018, Clunes played the role of DCI Colin Sutton in the ITV drama Manhunt (first screened in 2019). In 2019, Clunes return to sitcom with the BBC1 series Warren, saying ""It was just so funny, I couldn't turn it down"". Clunes played Brock in the 1990 film The Russia House. He played a character called Martin in the 1992 film Carry On Columbus; Richard Burbage in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love; and Anthony Staxton-Billing in Sweet Revenge the same year. In 2000, Clunes played the role of Dr. Martin Bamford in the film Saving Grace, and the follow-up to that film Doc Martin the following year (2001), he played James Chancellor in Global Heresy. In 2011, Clunes voiced the mischievous dog Dudley in the short film Me or the Dog, starring Edward Hogg and directed by Abner Pastoll. Clunes then starred in the 2014 film Nativity 3: Dude, Where's My Donkey? . In 2008, Clunes presented Martin Clunes: A Man and his Dogs, which was aired on 24 August 2008. In 2009, Clunes presented a three-part ITV series Islands of Britain, which saw him travelling around several of the country's lesser known islands. In 2010 Clunes presented ITV mini-series Horsepower about man's relationship over time with the horse. This was followed by Heavy Horsepower which aired in 2013. In January 2011, Clunes presented documentary Martin Clunes: Man to Manta. In June 2012 Clunes presented a documentary series on ITV about the lemurs of Madagascar called Martin Clunes: The Lemurs of Madagascar. On 31 January 2013, Clunes narrated ITV documentary Secret Life of Dogs. Then, on 2 and 3 June 2014, he narrated two more follow-up documentaries, Secret Life of Cats and Secret Life of Babies. On 4 April 2014 Clunes hosted a one-off ITV documentary called Martin Clunes & A Lion Called Mugie, following the work of conservationists in Kenya as well as tracking the progress of a lion called Mugie. The documentary was filmed over a period of three years. In August 2014 Clunes narrated ITV's three-part documentary series Kids with Cameras: Diary of a Children's Ward which saw Newcastle's children's ward through the eyes of its patients. In April 2015 Clunes narrated Carry on Forever, a three part documentary series for ITV3. It was shown over the Easter weekend. In May 2015, Clunes presented Man & Beast with Martin Clunes, a two-part factual series for ITV, which looked at the relationship between humans and animals. In 2016, he narrated Rising Damp Forever, a two-part documentary series for ITV3. He also voiced ITV programmes Secrets of Growing Old, Secrets of Growing Up and Britain's Favourite Dogs. Also in 2016, Martin Clunes: Islands of Australia (also known as Islands of Oz) was released as a three-part Australian documentary television series produced by Prospero Productions for the Seven Network that ""follows acclaimed actor and comedian Martin Clunes as he explores the most diverse, intriguing, remote and spectacular islands that surround Australia."" In 2019, Martin Clunes: Islands of America was released as a four-part documentary where he traveled to remote islands across the United States. Clunes's first marriage was to actress Lucy Aston in 1990. They divorced in 1997 and Clunes married future Doc Martin producer Philippa Braithwaite late that year. In 1999, Braithwaite gave birth to their daughter Emily. As of 2013, Clunes and his family live in Beaminster, Dorset, where they run a farm with heavy horses. In 1995, Clunes was fined £350 for being about 1.5 times the legal limit for alcohol while driving. In 2012, he was dropped from an advertising role with Churchill's Insurance after amassing 12 points on his licence for four separate speeding offences, which also led to him being suspended from driving. A sponsor of numerous charities, Clunes made a short on-line film with Stephen Fry about HIV discrimination for the Terrence Higgins Trust. Clunes supports Weldmar Hospicecare Trust in Dorset and is a Patron of Julia's House, the Dorset and Wiltshire children's hospice. The Buckham Fair is organised in support of these charities. In January 2011, Clunes became a patron of Animal Care in Egypt (ACE). Clunes was a patron of the Born Free Foundation, and had filmed several adverts for the charity. However, he was dropped by the foundation in May 2019, after he was filmed riding an elephant in an episode of the ITV documentary series My Travels with Other Animals. He has also been involved in the Comic Relief charity which funds Survival International and African Initiatives, two organisations working with the Maasai on indigenous land rights issues. He is a celebrity supporter of The Dog Rescue Federation. Clunes was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the Civil Division on 13 June 2015 in the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours List. He was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of the County of Dorset on 19 June 2019. Bournemouth University awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Arts (D.Arts) on 9 November 2007. He has been president of the British Horse Society since 1 June 2011.",1
São Paulo FC,"São Paulo FC  2015-01-07T15:24:52Z  São Paulo Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: ), simply known as São Paulo, is a professional football club, based in São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo FC is the most successful club in Brazilian Football with 18 titles overall. The only Brazilian side three times World Champion. The club plays in the Paulistão (the State of São Paulo's premier state league), as well as the Brasileirão (the top tier of the Brazilian football league system), being one of the only five clubs to have never been relegated, along with Santos, Flamengo, Internacional and Cruzeiro. As for international titles, São Paulo is the most successful team from Brazil, with 12 international titles. It is also one of the most successful South American clubs in terms of overall titles, having won 21 state titles, six Brasileirão titles, three Copa Libertadores titles, one Copa Sudamericana, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL (the precursor of the current Copa Sudamericana), two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup. Founded in 1930, São Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil's leading football clubs. The club's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s, under coach Telê Santana, when it won three state titles, one national championship, two Copa Libertadores, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL. São Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil, with over 17 million supporters. The team's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), white shorts and white socks. Its home ground is the 67,052-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo, where it has played since 1947. The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2006. São Paulo is the second richest Brazilian football club in terms of revenue, with an annual revenue of $111.9m (€78.2m), and the second nation's most valuable club, worth over $353.4m (€246.9m) in 2011. São Paulo FC was founded in January 25, 1930 by 60 former officials, players, members and friends of the football clubs CA Paulistano and AA das Palmeiras of São Paulo. Paulistano, founded in 1900 and thus one of the oldest clubs in town and eleven times champions of São Paulo, abandoned football because of the professionalisation of the sport. Palmeiras, founded in 1902 and three times champions of São Paulo intended after the end of the season 1929 to set up a professional team, but failed to do so. Paulistano brought into the union star players like Arthur Friedenreich and Araken Patuska. Palmeiras' contribution was the stadium Estádio da Floresta, generally known as Chácara da Floresta. The jerseys of the new club were derived from the ones of Palemiras, which were white and sported a black ring across the chest. To the black and white of Palmeiras was added the red and white of Paulistano, thus, the ring became red, white and black. The team, coached by former Paulistano star player Rubens Salles, played its first match on March 16, 1930 when it drew 0-0 against CA Ypiranga. The side became in the same year runner up of the State Championship and won it in 1931, losing only one match of 26 and scoring 92 goals in the process. In the following three years São Paulo FC was again runner up in the championship. In 1933 football in São Paulo became officially professional and the friendly match on March 12, 1933 which São Paulo won 5-1 against Santos FC is considered the opener of that era. Internal arguments and turmoil led to financial problems. The club merged with the Clube de Regatas Tietê, another sports club from the town, and the football department was disbanded on May 14, 1935. Just after the merger with Tietê, the founders and re-founders created the Grêmio Tricolor, which formed Clube Atlético São Paulo, on June 4, 1935, and, finally, São Paulo Futebol Clube on December 16 of the same year. The new club's first game was against Portuguesa Santista on January 25, 1936. The match was almost cancelled, owing to the city's anniversary, but Porphyrio da Paz, the football director and composer of the club's anthem, obtained permission from the Board of Education Office for the game to continue. Another merger occurred in 1938, this time with Clube Atlético Estudantes Paulista, from the neighborhood of Moóca, and the club finished as runners-up in the Campeonato Paulista. In 1940, when the Estádio do Pacaembu was inaugurated, a new era began in São Paulo state football. São Paulo Futebol Clube finished as runners-up once again in the Campeonato Paulista in 1941, and a year later the club paid 200 contos de réis (equivalent to approximately R$162,000 today) to acquire Leônidas da Silva from Flamengo. During this period, São Paulo also acquired the Argentinian António Sastre and Brazilians Noronha, José Carlos Bauer, Zezé Procópio, Luizinho, Rui and Teixeirinha. With these new additions, Tricolor became known as the Steam Roller, winning the Paulista championship five times, in 1943, 1945, 1946, 1948 and 1949. The club sold its Canindé training ground to Portuguesa to raise money for their new stadium the Estádio do Morumbi, for which construction began in 1952. The run of success of the 1940s, came to an end in the early 1950s, and the club only won two state championships in the new decade, in 1953 and 1957. The latter championship was won with the help of the 35-year-old Brazilian international Zizinho and Hungarian manager Béla Guttmann. In the years that followed, the club struggled to compete with the rise of Pelé and his club, Santos. With the construction of the Morumbi stadium still ongoing, São Paulo entered its longest period without a title in its history, which was to last thirteen years. Since São Paulo's budget planning was focused on the Morumbi stadium construction rather than the signing of new players, few expensive players were bought during the 1960s, although the club did acquire Brazilian internationals Roberto Dias and Jurandir. In 1960, the Morumbi Stadium was inaugurated, and named after the late Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, the club's chairman during most of the stadium construction. One of the few happy moments for the fans during this period was the 1963 Paulista Championship 4–1 victory against Pelé's Santos. In 1970, the Morumbi stadium was finally completed and the club purchased Gérson from Botafogo, Uruguayan midfielder Pedro Rocha from Peñarol and striker Toninho Guerreiro from Santos. The club was managed by Zezé Moreira, who was the manager of Brazil at the World Cup in 1954, and won the Paulista Championship after beating Guarani 2–1 in the Campinas a week before the end of the competition. In 1971, the club beat Palmeiras 1–0, with a goal from Toninho Guerreiro, in the final to capture another state title. That year saw the inaugural Campeonato Brasileiro, with the club finishing as runners-up to Atlético Mineiro, managed by Telê Santana. In the following years, São Paulo and Palmeiras gradually overtook Pelé's Santos and Corinthians as the dominant club sides in São Paulo state. In 1972, Palmeiras won the state championship title, only one point ahead of São Paulo, and the following year the clubs finished in the same positions in the Brazilian Championship. In 1974, São Paulo took part in the Copa Libertadores losing in the final to Independiente in a replay. In 1975, former goalkeeper José Poy took over as manager, and São Paulo won the Paulista Championship after defeating Portuguesa in a penalty shoot-out. Valdir Peres, Chicão, Serginho Chulapa and Zé Sérgio were the club's most influential players when São Paulo finally secured the Brazilian Championship for the first time in 1977 following a penalty shoot-out victory over Atlético Mineiro at the Mineirão. However, they failed to win another trophy until the reclaimed the Paulista Championship in 1980. In the 1980s, São Paulo won four Paulista and one Brazilian titles, helped by the impressive central defensive pair of Oscar and Dario Pereyra. 1980 and 1981, the club won the Paulista Championship in successive seasons for the first time since the 1940s. In 1985, the head coach Cilinho introduced to the world the Menudos of Morumbi, a team that included Silas, Müller and Sidney, and the club once again won the Paulista Championship. The main striker was Careca, a centre-forward who also played for Brazil in the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The midfield featured Falcão, brought in from Italian club A.S. Roma, and nicknamed the King of Rome. In 1986, manager Pepe led the club to its second Brazilian Championship title, defeating Guarani in a penalty shoot-out. In 1987, Dario Pereyra left the club, but in that year the Menudos team won its last title, another Paulista title. The so-called Tricolor Decade ended with the 1989 Paulista Championship title and a second place finish in the Brazilian Championship, when São Paulo lost to Vasco da Gama in the final match. In 1990, after a poor start to the campaign in Championship Paulista, Telê Santana was hired as the club's coach, and São Paulo went on to finish runners-up in the Brazilian Championship. In 1991, Tele Santana wins first title on São Paulo winning the Paulista championship. In 1991, São Paulo won the Brazilian championship after beating Carlos Alberto Parreira's Bragantino, and the club began a period of consistent achievement both nationally and internationally. The following year they reached the Copa Libertadores final, where they faced Newell's Old Boys of Argentina. São Paulo lost the first leg 1–0, but reversed the scoreline in the second leg in Brazil, and then won the competition in the penalty shoot-out to take the title for the first time. In the same year, in Tokyo the club won its first Intercontinental Cup, beating Johann Cruyff's FC Barcelona team 2–1. After returning to Brazil, the club beat Palmeiras 2–1 to win its eighteenth state championship title. In 1993, São Paulo retained the Copa Libertadores, beating Universidad Católica of Chile in the final. After the competition, influential midfielder Raí left the club, but São Paulo won the Intercontinental Cup again, beating Fabio Capello's A.C. Milan 3–2. Müller scored the winning goal in the 86th minute of the match, from an assist by Toninho Cerezo. In 1994, the club reached the final of the Copa Libertadores for the third year in a row, and faced Argentina's Vélez Sársfield. On this occasion they lost a penalty shoot-out to the Argentine side at the Morumbi stadium. But by the end of this year, São Paulo won the Copa CONMEBOL, defeating Peñarol of Uruguay in the final. At the beginning of 1996, owing to health issues, Telê Santana left São Paulo, ending the club's golden era. Between 1995 and 2004, the club had fourteen managers. Among the most notable titles during those ten years were the 2000 Paulista Championship and the club's first Rio-São Paulo Tournament title in 2001. Rogério Ceni, Julio Baptista, Luís Fabiano and Kaká were the club's stars. Raí briefly returned to the club between 1998 and 2000, and with him, the club won the Paulista Championship twice, in 1998 and 2000, after beating Corinthians and Santos, respectively. In 2004 São Paulo were back in the Copa Libertadores and reached the semi-finals before being eliminated by underdogs Once Caldas, from Colombia. At the end of that year Émerson Leão was hired as the club's coach. In 2003, São Paulo made a deal with Spanish amateur side Santangelo Club Aficionado that resulted in the Spanish club changing its name to São Paulo Madrid. In 2005, with Leão as the club's manager, São Paulo won the Paulista Championship. However, Leão would soon leave the club, and Paulo Autuori, the former manager of Peru's national team, was hired to replace him. São Paulo won the Libertadores Cup for the third time, beating another Brazilian team, Atlético Paranaense in the final. Atlético switched the first leg of the final to Estádio Beira-Rio in Porto Alegre, their own ground not having sufficient capacity for a final, and the match ended in a 1–1 draw. In the second leg, at the Morumbi, São Paulo won 4–0 to become the first Brazilian club to win three Copa Libertadores titles. In December 2005, São Paulo competed in the FIFA Club World Championship in Japan. After beating Saudi Arabia's Al-Ittihad 3–2, they faced the European champions Liverpool in the final. A 1–0 victory over the English team gave São Paulo its third intercontinental title. The single goal was scored by Mineiro in the first half of the match. Other players in that year's squad included centre-back Diego Lugano, full-back Cicinho and forward Amoroso. After the success of the 2005 season, Paulo Autuori left the team to coach Kashima Antlers in the J. League. Muricy Ramalho was signed up as the new coach, having led Internacional to the runners-up position in the 2005 Brazilian Championship. In his first tournament as a manager, Ramalho reached second place in the Paulista Championship, losing to Santos by one point. São Paulo reached the final of the 2006 Copa Libertadores, but lost 4-3 on aggregate to Brazilian rivals Internacional. However, they went on to win their fourth Campeonato Brasileiro trophy, becoming the first team to become national champions in the new league system format. After being eliminated from the Copa Libertadores in 2007, São Paulo won the Brazilian title for the second year in a row, fifteen points ahead of second-placed Santos. They won the title for the third season running in 2008 season, overturning an eleven-point deficit behind Gremio, to become the first team win the national title six times. Manager Muricy Ramalho was also the first manager to win three Brazilian titles in a row with the same team. Muricy Ramalho was fired from the manager post following a defeat in the home leg of the 2009 Copa Libertadores to Cruzeiro, São Paulo's fourth consecutive Libertadores Cup elimination to another Brazilian. Ricardo Gomes took over as manager. In 2010 São Paulo lost again against Internacional in the 2010 Libertadores Cup, ending Ricardo Gomes's spell as manager. In 2011 the club signed Rivaldo, and Luís Fabiano was bought for 7.6 million euros, the most expensive player in the history of São Paulo, and goalkeeper Rogério Ceni scored his hundredth career goal, against Corinthians. In a research made by brazilian sports site GloboEsporte.com, São Paulo, during eight years, among 2003 and 2011, were the second club from country to earn more money negotiating them players. Tricolor paulista received R$ 287 million. The first one is Sport Club Internacional, that earned R$ 289 million. For 2013 season, São Paulo, after seven years wearing kits produced by Reebok, signed with brazilian brand Penalty. The contract is valid until 2015 and the club will earn R$35 million per year. This contract is the second most valuable of kits supplies from Brazil: just is exceeded by the signed between Flamengo and Adidas, in a value of R$38 million. However, the contract may be terminated prior to completion. According to the president of the club and the Brazilian media, São Paulo can hit with Puma, Adidas or Under Armour. When Club Athletico Paulistano and Associação Atlética das Palmeiras merged, their colours (red and white for Paulistano and black and white for Palmeiras) were inherited by São Paulo. The colours match those of São Paulo's state flag, and also represent the three main races that lived in Brazil during that period: the native Americans (represented by the red), the Europeans (represented by the white) and the Africans (represented by the black). The club's home strip is a white shirt, with two horizontal stripes at chest level, the upper one red and the lower one black, and with a badge in the centre of the chest. The shorts and socks are all-white. The away strip consists of a red shirt with red, black and white vertical stripes, black shorts and socks. The badge consists of a shield with a black rectangle in the upper section bearing the initials SPFC in white. Below the rectangle is a red, white and black triangle. The badge also has five stars, two gold and three red ones. The gold ones denote Adhemar Ferreira da Silva's world and Olympic records and the red ones represents the three world championships won by São Paulo. São Paulo's stadium is officially named Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo (Cicero Pompeu de Toledo Stadium) and commonly known by the nickname Estádio do Morumbi (Morumbi Stadium). It was inaugurated in 1960, with a maximum sitting capacity of 120,000 people, but now its maximum capacity is only 67,052 seats. Its record attendance for a football match, set in 1977, is 146,082. The club also owns two training grounds, one named Centro de Treinamento Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen (Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen Training Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) da Barra Funda (Barra Funda's Training Center), which is used mostly by the professional team. The other is the Centro de Formação de Atletas Presidente Laudo Natel (President Laudo Natel Athletes Formation Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) de Cotia (Cotia's Training Center), which is used by the youth teams. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Last updated: 16 October 2013Source: São Paulo Futebol Clube This fixture is nicknamed the ""Choque Rei"", and has seen 103 wins by São Paulo, 99 wins by Palmeiras and 99 draws. Also known as ""San-São"", this fixture was first played in 1936. Since then, São Paulo have won it 114 times, Santos 92, and there have been 62 draws. The game between these clubs is also known as ""Majestoso"", a name coined by Thomas Mazzoni. The first ""Majestoso"" occurred on 25 May 1930. The fixture has seen 79 wins for São Paulo, 88 wins for Corinthians and 84 draws. São Paulo's average attendances per year in Brazilian Championship: São Paulo's average attendances per year in Copa Libertadores:,  São Paulo FC  2016-12-31T17:16:55Z  São Paulo Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: ), simply known as São Paulo, is a professional football club, based in São Paulo, Brazil. The club plays in the Paulistão (the State of São Paulo's premier state league), as well as the Brasileirão (the top tier of the Brazilian football league system), being one of the only four clubs to have never been relegated, along with Santos, Flamengo and Cruzeiro. As for international titles, São Paulo is the most successful team from Brazil, with 12 international titles. It is also one of the most successful South American clubs in terms of overall titles, having won 21 state titles, six Brasileirão titles, three Copa Libertadores titles, one Copa Sudamericana, one Supercopa Libertadores, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup. Founded in 1930, São Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil's leading football clubs. The club's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s, under coach Telê Santana, when it won three state titles, one national championship, two Copa Libertadores, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL. São Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil, with over 28 million supporters. The team's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), white shorts and white socks. Its home ground is the 67,052-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo, where it has played since 1947. The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2006. São Paulo is the second richest Brazilian football club in terms of revenue, with an annual revenue of $111.9m (€78.2m), and the second nation's most valuable club, worth over $353.4m (€246.9m) in 2011. São Paulo FC was founded on 25 January 1930 by 60 former officials, players, members and friends of the football clubs CA Paulistano and AA das Palmeiras of São Paulo. Paulistano, founded in 1900 and thus one of the oldest clubs in town and 11-time champions of São Paulo, abandoned football due to the professionalization of the sport. Palmeiras, founded in 1902 and three-time champions of São Paulo, intended after the end of the season 1929 to set up a professional team, but failed to do so. Paulistano brought into the union star players like Arthur Friedenreich and Araken Patuska. Palmeiras' contribution was the stadium Estádio da Floresta, generally known as Chácara da Floresta. The jerseys of the new club were derived from the ones of Palmeiras, which were white and sported a black ring across the chest. To the black-and-white of Palmeiras was added the red-and-white of Paulistano, thus, the ring became red, white and black. The team, coached by former Paulistano star player Rubens Salles, played its first match on 16 March 1930 when it drew 0–0 against CA Ypiranga. The side became in the same year runner up of the State Championship and won it in 1931, losing only one match of 26 and scoring 92 goals in the process. In the following three years São Paulo FC was again runner up in the championship. In 1933, football in São Paulo became officially professional and the friendly match on March 12, 1933 which São Paulo won 5–1 against Santos FC is considered the opener of that era. Internal arguments and turmoil led to financial problems. The club merged with Clube de Regatas Tietê, another sports club from the town, and the football department was disbanded on 14 May 1935. Just after the merger with Tietê, the founders and re-founders created the Grêmio Tricolor, which formed Clube Atlético São Paulo on 4 June 1935, and, finally, São Paulo Futebol Clube on 16 December of the same year. The new club's first game was against Portuguesa Santista on 25 January 1936. The match was almost cancelled, owing to the city's anniversary, but Porphyrio da Paz, the football director and composer of the club's anthem, obtained permission from the Board of Education Office for the game to continue. Another merger occurred in 1938, this time with Clube Atlético Estudantes Paulista, from the neighborhood of Moóca, and the club finished as runners-up in the Campeonato Paulista. In 1940, when the Estádio do Pacaembu was inaugurated, a new era began in São Paulo state football. São Paulo Futebol Clube finished as runners-up once again in the Campeonato Paulista in 1941, and a year later the club paid 200 contos de réis (equivalent to approximately R$162,000 today) to acquire Leônidas from Flamengo. During this period, São Paulo also acquired the Argentinian António Sastre and Brazilians Noronha, José Carlos Bauer, Zezé Procópio, Luizinho, Rui and Teixeirinha. With these new additions, Tricolor became known as the Steam Roller, winning the Paulista championship five times, in 1943, 1945, 1946, 1948 and 1949. The club sold its Canindé training ground to Portuguesa to raise money for their new stadium the Estádio do Morumbi, for which construction began in 1952. The run of success of the 1940s, came to an end in the early 1950s, and the club only won two state championships in the new decade, in 1953 and 1957. The latter championship was won with the help of the 35-year-old Brazilian international Zizinho and Hungarian manager Béla Guttmann. In the years that followed, the club struggled to compete with the rise of Pelé and his club, Santos. With the construction of the Morumbi stadium still ongoing, São Paulo entered its longest period without a title in its history, which was to last 13 years. Since São Paulo's budget planning was focused on the Estádio do Morumbi construction rather than the signing of new players, few expensive players were bought during the 1960s, although the club did acquire Brazilian internationals Roberto Dias and Jurandir. In 1960, the Estádio do Morumbi was inaugurated, named after the late Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, the club's chairman during most of the stadium construction. One of the few happy moments for the fans during this period was the 1963 Paulista Championship 4–1 victory against Pelé's Santos. In 1970, the Estádio do Morumbi was finally completed and the club purchased Gérson from Botafogo, Uruguayan midfielder Pedro Rocha from Peñarol and striker Toninho Guerreiro from Santos. The club was managed by Zezé Moreira, who was the manager of Brazil at the World Cup in 1954, and won the Paulista Championship after beating Guarani 2–1 in the Campinas a week before the end of the competition. In 1971, the club beat Palmeiras 1–0 with a goal from Toninho Guerreiro in the final to capture another state title. That year saw the inaugural Campeonato Brasileiro, with the club finishing as runners-up to Atlético Mineiro, managed by Telê Santana. In the following years, São Paulo and Palmeiras gradually overtook Pelé's Santos and Corinthians as the dominant club sides in São Paulo state. In 1972, Palmeiras won the state championship title, only one point ahead of São Paulo, and the following year the clubs finished in the same positions in the Brazilian Championship. In 1974, São Paulo took part in the Copa Libertadores losing in the final to Independiente in a replay. In 1975, former goalkeeper José Poy took over as manager, and São Paulo won the Paulista Championship after defeating Portuguesa in a penalty shoot-out. Valdir Peres, Chicão, Serginho Chulapa and Zé Sérgio were the club's most influential players when São Paulo finally secured the Brazilian Championship for the first time in 1977 following a penalty shoot-out victory over Atlético Mineiro at the Mineirão. However, they failed to win another trophy until the reclaimed the Paulista Championship in 1980. In the 1980s, São Paulo won four Paulista and one Brazilian titles, helped by the impressive central defensive pair of Oscar and Dario Pereyra. 1980 and 1981, the club won the Paulista Championship in successive seasons for the first time since the 1940s. In 1985, the head coach Cilinho introduced to the world the Menudos of Morumbi, a team that included Paulo Silas, Müller and Sidney, and the club once again won the Paulista Championship. The main striker was Careca, a centre-forward who also played for Brazil in the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The midfield featured Falcão, brought in from Italian club Roma, where he earned the nicknamed King of Rome. In 1986, manager Pepe led the club to its second Brazilian Championship title, defeating Guarani in a penalty shoot-out. In 1987, Dario Pereyra left the club, but in that year the Menudos team won its last title, another Paulista title. The so-called Tricolor Decade ended with the 1989 Paulista Championship title and a second-place finish in the Brazilian Championship, when São Paulo lost to Vasco da Gama in the final match. In 1990, after a poor start to the campaign in Championship Paulista, Telê Santana was hired as the club's coach, and São Paulo went on to finish runners-up in the Brazilian Championship. In 1991, Santana won his first title after winning the Paulista championship. In 1991, São Paulo won the Brazilian championship after beating Carlos Alberto Parreira's Bragantino, and the club began a period of consistent achievement both nationally and internationally. The following year they reached the Copa Libertadores final, where they faced Newell's Old Boys of Argentina. São Paulo lost the first leg 1–0, but reversed the scoreline in the second leg in Brazil, and then won the competition in the penalty shoot-out to take the title for the first time. In the same year, in Tokyo the club won its first Intercontinental Cup, beating Johann Cruyff's Barcelona 2–1. After returning to Brazil, the club beat Palmeiras 2–1 to win its 18th state championship title. In 1993, São Paulo retained the Copa Libertadores, beating Universidad Católica of Chile in the final. After the competition, influential midfielder Raí left the club, but São Paulo won the Intercontinental Cup again, beating Fabio Capello's Milan 3–2. Müller scored the winning goal in the 86th minute of the match, from an assist by Toninho Cerezo. In 1994, the club reached the final of the Copa Libertadores for the third year in a row, and faced Argentina's Vélez Sársfield. On this occasion they lost a penalty shoot-out to the Argentine side at the Morumbi stadium. But by the end of this year, São Paulo won the Copa CONMEBOL, defeating Peñarol of Uruguay in the final. At the beginning of 1996, owing to health issues, Telê Santana left São Paulo, ending the club's golden era. Between 1995 and 2004, the club had fourteen managers. Among the most notable titles during those ten years were the 2000 Paulista Championship and the club's first Rio-São Paulo Tournament title in 2001. Rogério Ceni, Júlio Baptista, Luís Fabiano and Kaká were the club's stars. Raí briefly returned to the club between 1998 and 2000, and with him, the club won the Paulista Championship twice, in 1998 and 2000, after beating Corinthians and Santos, respectively. In 2004 São Paulo were back in the Copa Libertadores and reached the semi-finals before being eliminated by underdogs Once Caldas from Colombia. At the end of that year, Émerson Leão was hired as the club's coach. In 2003, São Paulo made a deal with Spanish amateur side Santangelo Club Aficionado that resulted in the Spanish club changing its name to São Paulo Madrid. In 2005, with Leão as the club's manager, São Paulo won the Paulista Championship. Leão, however, would soon leave the club with Paulo Autuori, former manager of the Peru national team, hired to replace him. São Paulo won the Libertadores Cup for the third time, beating another Brazilian side, Atlético Paranaense, in the final. Atlético switched the first leg of the final to Estádio Beira-Rio, Porto Alegre, their own ground not having sufficient capacity for a final, and the match ended in a 1–1 draw. In the second leg, at the Morumbi, São Paulo won 4–0 to become the first Brazilian club to win three Copa Libertadores titles. In December 2005, São Paulo competed in the FIFA Club World Championship in Japan. After beating Saudi Arabia's Al-Ittihad 3–2, they faced European champions Liverpool in the final. A 1–0 victory over the English team gave São Paulo its third intercontinental title. The single goal was scored by Mineiro in the first half of the match. Other players in that year's squad included centre-back Diego Lugano, full-back Cicinho and forward Amoroso. After the success of the 2005 season, Paulo Autuori left the team to coach Kashima Antlers in the J. League. Muricy Ramalho was signed up as the new coach, having led Internacional to the runners-up position in the 2005 Brazilian Championship. In his first tournament as a manager, Ramalho reached second place in the Paulista Championship, losing to Santos by one point. São Paulo reached the final of the 2006 Copa Libertadores, but lost 4–3 on aggregate to Brazilian rivals Internacional. However, they went on to win their fourth Campeonato Brasileiro trophy, becoming the first team to become national champions in the new league system format. After being eliminated from the Copa Libertadores in 2007, São Paulo won the Brazilian title for the second year in a row, fifteen points ahead of second-placed Santos. They won the title for the third season running in 2008 season, overturning an 11-point deficit behind Grêmio, to become the first team win the national title six times. Manager Muricy Ramalho was also the first manager to win three Brazilian titles in a row with the same team. Ramalho was fired from the manager post following a defeat in the home leg of the 2009 Copa Libertadores to Cruzeiro, São Paulo's fourth consecutive Libertadores Cup elimination to another Brazilian. Ricardo Gomes took over as manager. In 2010 São Paulo lost again against Internacional in the 2010 Libertadores Cup, ending Ricardo Gomes's spell as manager. In 2011, the club signed Rivaldo and purchased Luís Fabiano for a club-record €7.6 million from Sevilla. Goalkeeper Rogério Ceni, meanwhile, scored his 100th career goal, against Corinthians. In research conducted by Brazilian sports website GloboEsporte.com, São Paulo, during the eight years between 2003 and 2011, were just the second Brazilian club to earn more money than losses in the transfer market – Tricolor paulista received R$287 million, behind only Internacional, which earned R$289 million. For the 2013 season, after seven years wearing kits produced by Reebok, São Paulo signed with Brazilian brand Penalty. The contract was valid until 2015 and the club earned R$35 million per year. This contract was the second-most lucrative kit deal in Brazil, just exceeded by Flamengo and Adidas' deal of R$38 million. In May 2015, São Paulo presented its new kits, made by Under Armour. When Club Athletico Paulistano and Associação Atlética das Palmeiras merged, their colours (red and white for Paulistano and black and white for Palmeiras) were inherited by São Paulo. The colours match those of São Paulo's state flag, and also represent the three main races that lived in Brazil during that period: the Native Americans (represented by the red), the Europeans (represented by the white) and the Africans (represented by the black). The club's home strip is a white shirt, with two horizontal stripes at chest level, the upper one red and the lower one black, and with a badge in the centre of the chest. The shorts and socks are all-white. The away strip consists of a red shirt with red, black and white vertical stripes, black shorts and socks. The badge consists of a shield with a black rectangle in the upper section bearing the initials SPFC in white. Below the rectangle is a red, white and black triangle. The badge also has five stars, two gold and three red ones. The gold ones denote Adhemar Ferreira da Silva's world and Olympic records and the red ones represents the three world championships won by São Paulo. São Paulo's stadium is officially named Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo (Cicero Pompeu de Toledo Stadium) and commonly known by the nickname Estádio do Morumbi (Morumbi Stadium). It was inaugurated in 1960, with a maximum sitting capacity of 120,000 people, but now its maximum capacity is only 67,052 seats. Its record attendance for a football match, set in 1977, is 146,082. The club also owns two training grounds, one named Centro de Treinamento Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen (Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen Training Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) da Barra Funda (Barra Funda's Training Center), which is used mostly by the professional team. The other is the Centro de Formação de Atletas Presidente Laudo Natel (President Laudo Natel Athletes Formation Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) de Cotia (Cotia's Training Center), which is used by the youth teams. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Last updated: 28 April 2015Source: São Paulo Futebol Clube This fixture is nicknamed the ""Choque Rei"", and has seen 103 wins by São Paulo, 99 wins by Palmeiras and 99 draws. Also known as ""San-São"", this fixture was first played in 1936. Since then, São Paulo have won it 114 times, Santos 92, and there have been 62 draws. The game between these clubs is also known as ""Majestoso"", a name coined by Thomas Mazzoni. The first ""Majestoso"" occurred on 25 May 1930. The fixture has seen 79 wins for São Paulo, 88 wins for Corinthians and 84 draws. São Paulo's average attendances per year in Brazilian Championship: São Paulo's average attendances per year in Copa Libertadores:",1
Michelle Hurd,"Michelle Hurd  2009-01-18T01:59:00Z  Michelle Hurd (born December 21, 1966) is an American stage, film, and television actress. She is married to actor Garret Dillahunt Michelle Hurd is the daughter of actor Hugh L. Hurd. She graduated from Saint Ann's School in 1984 and Boston University in 1988, and studied with the Alvin Ailey School. After her graduation from college, she studied at Great Britain's National Theatre. Her Broadway credits include Getting Away With Murder. Other theater credits include Othello, A.M.L., Hamlet, The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Looking for the Pony at Manhattan Theater Source with her sister Adrienne Hurd. She met her husband, Garret Dillahunt, in 900 Oneonta at Circle Repertory Theater Company. She has won several awards, including the Robbie Award and the California Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama for the premiere of Richard Greenberg's The Violet Hour. She has also appeared in several movies, including Random Hearts, Personals and as the comic book superhero B.B. DaCosta/Fire in the unshown TV-pilot Justice League of America (1997). After working in television roles such as The Cosby Mysteries, New York Undercover and The Practice, she appeared in a 1997 episode of Law & Order. Her performance as a corrupt FBI informant caught the attention of L&O producer Dick Wolf, who two years later cast her in the spin-off Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Det. Monique Jeffries. She co-starred with Christopher Meloni and Mariska Hargitay for the first season before leaving the series in 2000, but she did appear in the first, seventh and sixteenth episodes of season two, her final appearance being in March 2001. In 2001, she appeared in the Showtime original series Leap Years, where her character was the on and off love interest of a bisexual character played by her real-life husband. Television roles include parts in The O.C., According to Jim, Shark, Bones and Gossip Girl. In 2006 - 2007, she had a recurring role on ER as television news producer Courtney Brown, who became close to Dr. Kerry Weaver. in Law and Order: Special Victims Unit,  Michelle Hurd  2010-12-18T15:42:21Z  Michelle Hurd (born December 21, 1966) is an American stage, film, and television actress. She is married to actor Garret Dillahunt. Michelle Hurd is the daughter of actor Hugh L. Hurd. She graduated from Saint Ann's School in 1984 and Boston University in 1988, and studied with the Alvin Ailey School. After her graduation from college, she studied at Great Britain's National Theatre. Her Broadway credits include the 1996 Stephen Sondheim-George Furth flop Getting Away with Murder. Other theater credits include Othello, A.M.L., Hamlet, The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Looking for the Pony at Manhattan Theater Source with her sister Adrienne Hurd. She met her husband, Garret Dillahunt, in 900 Oneonta at Circle Repertory Theater Company. She has won several awards, including the Robbie Award and the California Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama for the premiere of Richard Greenberg's The Violet Hour. She has also appeared in several movies, including Random Hearts, Personals and as the comic book superhero B.B. DaCosta/Fire in the unshown TV-pilot Justice League of America (1997). After working in television roles such as The Cosby Mysteries, New York Undercover and The Practice, she appeared in a 1997 episode of Law & Order. Her performance as a corrupt FBI informant caught the attention of L&O producer Dick Wolf, who two years later cast her in the spin-off Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Det. Monique Jeffries. She co-starred with Christopher Meloni and Mariska Hargitay for the first season before leaving the series in 2000, but she did appear in the first, seventh and sixteenth episodes of season two, her final appearance being in March 2001. In 2001, she appeared in the Showtime original series Leap Years, where her character was the on and off love interest of a bisexual character played by her real-life husband. Television roles include parts in Charmed, The O.C., According to Jim, Shark, Bones and Gossip Girl. In 2006 - 2007, she had a recurring role on ER as television news producer Courtney Brown, who became close to Dr. Kerry Weaver. She played Diana, the leading rôle, in the Washington Shakespeare Theatre Company's 10 February–29 March 2009 production of Lope de Vega's Dog in the Manger. She won a Robbie Award as ""best actress"" for her work in the world premiere of The Violet Hour at South Coast Repertory. She played in Hamlet at the North Shore Theater. In 2010, Hurd began a starring role on the A&E Network drama The Glades, playing Colleen Manus.",1
"Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)","Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)  2021-02-27T15:19:57Z  Plamen Ivanov Iliev (Bulgarian: Пламен Илиев; born 30 November 1991) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ludogorets Razgrad and the Bulgarian national team. Iliev spent his early years with his hometown club Balkan Botevgrad, before joining Vidima-Rakovski's youth academy in 2006. He made his professional debut in 2009 at the age of 17 and quickly became a regular starter. In December 2010, Iliev moved to Levski Sofia for an undisclosed fee. Four and a half years later he signed for Romanian club Botoșani. In February 2017, he moved to Astra Giurgiu where he stayed two years before he returned to Bulgaria to join up with Ludogorets Razgrad. A former regular for Bulgaria at Under-21 level, Iliev made his senior international debut in May 2012. In his youth years in Botevgrad, Iliev started to play football at Balkan. He joined Vidima-Rakovski when he was fourteen years old and signed his first professional contract in 2009. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Iliev was added to Vidima's senior squad by manager Dimitar Todorov. He made his B Group debut in the starting line-up on 8 August 2009 in a 1–1 draw against Kom-Minyor. During the season he became first choice goalkeeper and earned 23 appearances, helping his team to win promotion to the A Group. Iliev was also the first choice keeper for the team from Sevlievo in the first half of the 2010–11 season and earned praise for his performances. On 17 December 2010, Iliev was sold to Levski Sofia. He made his debut for Levski against Lokomotiv Sofia on 6 March 2011, with Iliev succeeding in keeping a clean sheet. On 6 April 2012, Iliev was appointed as Levski's captain, but became vice-captain for the 2012–13 season, as new coach Ilian Iliev decided to give the captain's armband to Stanislav Angelov. On 14 September 2012, Iliev signed a new contract keeping him at the club until 2016. On 5 June 2015, Iliev moved abroad for the first time, agreeing to a three-year deal with Romanian Liga I club FC Botoșani. Following his good display at Botoșani, Iliev was signed by defending champions Astra Giurgiu on 1 February 2017. He kept a clean sheet in his competitive debut against Politehnica Iași, with Astra conceding two goals before his substitution. On 3 April, Iliev saved two penalties in six minutes, but in an eventual 1–2 home loss to Viitorul Constanța. After the departure of Silviu Lung Jr. to Kayserispor in the summer of 2017, Iliev became the starting goalkeeper for Astra. On 7 January 2019, Ludogorets Razgrad confirmed that Iliev had signed a preliminary contract under the Bosman ruling and is set to join the team as a free agent in June 2019 if the negotiations between Astra and Ludogorets in January didn't end with a transfer agreement, but on 12 January the teams reached an agreement and Iliev joined the team for an undisclosed fee. Since 2010 Iliev has been a regular with the Bulgaria U21 side, gradually becoming first choice, taking over from Stefano Kunchev. On 11 October 2011, he was sent off in the last minute of Bulgaria's 3–2 win against Luxembourg U21 in a 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualifier after an altercation with Tom Laterza. Iliev was subsequently banned for 3 matches. Iliev received his first call-up to the senior team of his country in 2011 and made his debut on 29 May 2012, in the 0–2 loss against Turkey in a friendly match after replacing Stoyan Kolev in the 76th minute. Iliev appeared as a starter for the first time in the 2–1 win over Kazakhstan in another exhibition match held on 4 June 2013, managing to keep a clean sheet, with Bulgaria conceding after his replacement. On 31 August 2017, he saved a penalty taken by Emil Forsberg and the subsequent shot from the rebound in the 16th minute of the game in a historical 3–2 home win against Sweden. Iliev established himself as the first choice goalkeeper during Petar Houbchev's tenure as manager. Iliev has a daughter, Isabella, and a son, Vladi. Best goalkeeper in the Bulgarian First League - 2019,  Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)  2022-10-23T20:25:49Z  Plamen Iliev (Bulgarian: Пламен Илиев; born 30 November 1991) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Romanian Liga I club Universitatea Cluj and the Bulgarian national team. Iliev spent his early years with his hometown club Balkan Botevgrad, before joining Vidima-Rakovski's youth academy in 2006. He made his professional debut in 2009 at the age of 17 and quickly became a regular starter. In December 2010, Iliev moved to Levski Sofia for an undisclosed fee. Four and a half years later he signed for Romanian club Botoșani. In February 2017, he moved to Astra Giurgiu where he stayed two years before he returned to Bulgaria to join up with Ludogorets Razgrad. A former regular for Bulgaria at Under-21 level, Iliev made his senior international debut in May 2012. In his youth years in Botevgrad, Iliev started to play football at Balkan. He joined Vidima-Rakovski when he was fourteen years old and signed his first professional contract in 2009. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Iliev was added to Vidima's senior squad by manager Dimitar Todorov. He made his B Group debut in the starting line-up on 8 August 2009 in a 1–1 draw against Kom-Minyor. During the season he became first choice goalkeeper and earned 23 appearances, helping his team to win promotion to the A Group. Iliev was also the first choice keeper for the team from Sevlievo in the first half of the 2010–11 season and earned praise for his performances. On 17 December 2010, Iliev was sold to Levski Sofia. He made his debut for Levski against Lokomotiv Sofia on 6 March 2011, with Iliev succeeding in keeping a clean sheet. On 6 April 2012, Iliev was appointed as Levski's captain, but became vice-captain for the 2012–13 season, as new coach Ilian Iliev decided to give the captain's armband to Stanislav Angelov. On 14 September 2012, Iliev signed a new contract keeping him at the club until 2016. On 5 June 2015, Iliev moved abroad for the first time, agreeing to a three-year deal with Romanian Liga I club FC Botoșani. Following his good display at Botoșani, Iliev was signed by defending champions Astra Giurgiu on 1 February 2017. He kept a clean sheet in his competitive debut against Politehnica Iași, with Astra conceding two goals before his substitution. On 3 April, Iliev saved two penalties in six minutes, but in an eventual 1–2 home loss to Viitorul Constanța. After the departure of Silviu Lung Jr. to Kayserispor in the summer of 2017, Iliev became the starting goalkeeper for Astra. On 7 January 2019, Ludogorets Razgrad confirmed that Iliev had signed a preliminary contract under the Bosman ruling and is set to join the team as a free agent in June 2019 if the negotiations between Astra and Ludogorets in January didn't end with a transfer agreement, but on 12 January the teams reached an agreement and Iliev joined the team for an undisclosed fee. After being released from Ludogorets, Iliev returned to Romania, signing a contract with local giants Dinamo București. Since 2010 Iliev has been a regular with the Bulgaria U21 side, gradually becoming first choice, taking over from Stefano Kunchev. On 11 October 2011, he was sent off in the last minute of Bulgaria's 3–2 win against Luxembourg U21 in a 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualifier after an altercation with Tom Laterza. Iliev was subsequently banned for 3 matches. Iliev received his first call-up to the senior team of his country in 2011 and made his debut on 29 May 2012, in the 0–2 loss against Turkey in a friendly match after replacing Stoyan Kolev in the 76th minute. Iliev appeared as a starter for the first time in the 2–1 win over Kazakhstan in another exhibition match held on 4 June 2013, managing to keep a clean sheet, with Bulgaria conceding after his replacement. On 31 August 2017, he saved a penalty taken by Emil Forsberg and the subsequent shot from the rebound in the 16th minute of the game in a historical 3–2 home win against Sweden. Iliev established himself as the first choice goalkeeper during Petar Hubchev's tenure as manager. Iliev has two children with his wife Anna - daughter Isabella and son Vladi. Best goalkeeper in the Bulgarian First League - 2019",1
Elections_in_Iowa,"Elections_in_Iowa  2020-02-23T23:26:00Z   The number of elections in Iowa varies from year to year. Presidential elections are held every four years. Since 1972, Iowa has been the first state to vote in presidential primaries, with their caucuses. As with presidential elections, gubernatorial elections are held every four years - but are staggered such that they are held on general elections independently of the presidential election. Members of the Iowa Senate are elected every four years, with half of the Senate elected at each general election; all members of the Iowa House of Representatives are elected every two years. Additionally, elections for various government officials, judicial retention elections, and elections on referenda occur as part of various elections in Iowa. The Iowa Caucus is an electoral event in which residents meet in precinct caucuses in all of Iowa's 1,681 precincts and elect delegates to the corresponding county conventions. In Iowa, a general election is held on Election Day during even-numbered years. In addition to the elections for the chief executive and legislature of the United States and of Iowa, general elections in Iowa include statewide elections for the Secretary of State, Auditor of State, Treasurer of State, Secretary of Agriculture, and Attorney General. Also included are judicial retention elections and proposed amendments to the Iowa Constitution, along with various local elections. In Iowa, various local officials are elected at the general election. However, school and city elections are not held during a general election, but at a different regularly scheduled time. Regular school elections are held on the second Tuesday in September during odd-numbered years. Regular city elections are held on Election Day during odd-numbered years. In Iowa, special elections may be held throughout the year to fill various governmental vacancies or to vote on ballot initiatives. Special elections are generally held on Tuesdays and may not generally be held on the same day as a general or local election. ,  Elections_in_Iowa  2020-09-21T12:01:46Z   The number of elections in Iowa varies from year to year. Presidential elections are held every four years. Since 1972, Iowa has been the first state to vote in presidential primaries, with their caucuses. As with presidential elections, gubernatorial elections are held every four years - but are staggered such that they are held on general elections independently of the presidential election. Members of the Iowa Senate are elected every four years, with half of the Senate elected at each general election; all members of the Iowa House of Representatives are elected every two years. Additionally, elections for various government officials, judicial retention elections, and elections on referenda occur as part of various elections in Iowa. The Iowa Caucus is an electoral event in which residents meet in precinct caucuses in all of Iowa's 1,681 precincts and elect delegates to the corresponding county conventions. In Iowa, a general election is held on Election Day during even-numbered years. In addition to the elections for the chief executive and legislature of the United States and of Iowa, general elections in Iowa include statewide elections for the Secretary of State, Auditor of State, Treasurer of State, Secretary of Agriculture, and Attorney General. Also included are judicial retention elections and proposed amendments to the Iowa Constitution, along with various local elections. In Iowa, various local officials are elected at the general election. However, school and city elections are not held during a general election, but at a different regularly scheduled time. Regular school elections are held on the second Tuesday in September during odd-numbered years. Regular city elections are held on Election Day during odd-numbered years. In Iowa, special elections may be held throughout the year to fill various governmental vacancies or to vote on ballot initiatives. Special elections are generally held on Tuesdays and may not generally be held on the same day as a general or local election.",0
Rob Lowe,"Rob Lowe  2003-05-06T11:38:54Z  Plays Sam Seaborn in the TV show The West Wing and has also made an apperance in the Simpsons. He has been a notable actor in numerous films, such as:,  Rob Lowe  2004-12-23T08:00:56Z  Rob Lowe (born March 17, 1964) is an American actor who was a member of the Brat Pack. Rob Lowe became famous after appearing in a string of popular movies that included other members of the brat pack, the most notable being St. Elmo's Fire. In 1988, Lowe gained notoriety after he was caught on tape engaging in sexual activities with two women, one of whom was underage. After a brief flurry of media attention, Lowe was sentenced to twenty hours of community service, and the scandal soon subsided. He is perhaps best known for playing Sam Seaborn in the television show The West Wing, a role which was his from 1999 - 2003. When the show premiered, Lowe's character was to be much more important. But the extremely talented cast — including Allison Janney, Richard Schiff, Stockard Channing and Martin Sheen (who was only supposed to be a guest star) — soon made the show into the hottest ensemble cast on TV, and Sam Seaborn became possibly the character with the least screen time. Lowe left the show in a highly publicized exit during the fourth season. His exit was quickly followed by that of series creator and writer Aaron Sorkin, and director Tommy Schlamme - a move which saw the show's style change greatly, to mixed reactions from fans. After leaving, he was star and executive producer of a failed NBC drama The Lyon's Den (2003). In 2004, he tried again in a series entitled dr. vegas, but it also was canceled.",1
Sathish,"Sathish  2021-01-03T02:18:10Z  Sathish Muthukrishnan (born 23 May 1987) is an Indian film actor and comedian working in the Tamil film industry. He made a breakthrough portraying a role alongside Sivakarthikeyan in Ethir Neechal (2013). He won Edison Award for Best Comedian for his performance in Kaththi (2014), Thangamagan (2015) and Remo (2016) and Edison Award for Best Appearance for the film Tamizh Padam 2 (2018). Sathish worked with Crazy Mohan in his theatre troupe for eight years, honing his histrionics and acting, while also helping write dialogues for his productions and acting in their stage play ""Chocolate Krishna"". A. L. Vijay made him a co-dialogue writer for Poi Solla Porom (2008), before offering him an acting role in Madrasapattinam (2010), but his debut was in the movie Jerry (2006) where he played a small role named fariq where he was shown in two shots without any dialogue. In 2013 he appeared in Senthil Kumar's Ethir Neechal portraying Peter, with a critic noting that Sivakarthikeyan and Sathish ""complement each other’s comic timing"". His next notable role was as an IT professional Sandy in Maan Karate, written by AR Murugadoss. He played an important role in Kaththi, co-starring Vijay in the lead role. ,  Sathish  2022-12-31T18:18:34Z  sathish(born 23 May 1987) is an Indian actor and comedian working in the Tamil film industry. He made a breakthrough portraying a role alongside Sivakarthikeyan in Ethir Neechal (2013). He won Edison Award for Best Comedian for his performance in Kaththi (2014), Thangamagan (2015) and Remo (2016) and Edison Award for Best Appearance for the film Tamizh Padam 2 (2018). Born in a middle-class brahmin family, Sathish barely attended school and worked part-time jobs alongside his studies to support his family. Interested in cinema, he joined Crazy Mohan's Troupe in 2001, at the age of 14 and performed for nearly 8 years as part of the troupe. Crazy Mohan saw potential in Sathish and took him as one of his own, educated him and supported him financially and helped him land small roles in Jerry and other small roles until 2009. He received many awards for his dramas in Crazy Mohan from Kamal Haasan and other celebrities. Sathish married Sindhu in December 2019 and the marriage was attended by many celebrities including Sivakarthikeyan, Vijay Sethupathi, Jiiva, Vijay Antony, Udhayanidhi Stalin, and many others. The couple have a daughter named Niharika, born 4 November 2020. Sathish worked with Crazy Mohan in his theatre troupe for eight years, honing his histrionics and acting, while also helping write dialogues for his productions and acting in their stage play ""Chocolate Krishna"". A. L. Vijay made him a co-dialogue writer for Poi Solla Porom (2008), before offering him an acting role in Madrasapattinam (2010), but his debut was in the movie Jerry (2006) where he played a small role named fariq where he was shown in two shots without any dialogue. In 2013 he appeared in Senthil Kumar's Ethir Neechal portraying Peter, with a critic noting that Sivakarthikeyan and Sathish ""complement each other’s comic timing"". His next notable role was as an IT professional Sandy in Maan Karate (2014), written by AR Murugadoss. He played an important role in Kaththi (2014), co-starring Vijay in the lead role. He received Edison Award for Best Comedian for the films Kaththi (2014), Thangamagan (2015) and Remo (2016). Sathish played the role of an antagonist in the 2018 parody film Tamizh Padam 2, which was written and directed by C. S. Amudhan. He marks his debut as a lead actor in Naai Sekar (2022). Sathish has chosen a wise script and put up a solid performance as the story's lead.",1
Trial_of_Penenden_Heath,"Trial_of_Penenden_Heath  2007-11-06T06:27:04Z   The Trial of Penenden Heath occured shortly after the Norman Conquest of 1066 and involved a dispute between Odo bishop of Bayeux, half-brother of William the Conqueror and Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury and others. The date of the trial is disputed although various historians believe it to have occured between 1075 and 1077. Odo de Bayeux was previously earl of Kent and the primary landowner of the region subsequent to his half-brother William the Conqueror's invasion of England in 1066. Several years after the invasion in 1070, Archbishop Lanfranc succeeded to the see of Canterbury from Odo de Bayeux and he set up an inquiry into the activities of his predecessor who had allegedly defrauded the Church and the Crown during his tenure. Lanfranc determined that the matter should be settled by the nobles of Kent and ordered that an assembly be formed at Penenden heath (near present-day Maidstone) for the purpose. Various prominent figures in the country at the time were called including Goisfrid bishop of Constance (who represented the King), Lanfranc (for the Church), Odo de Bayeux (defending himself), Arnost bishop of Rochester, Æthelric II bishop of Chichester, Richard de Tunibridge, Hugh de Montfort, William de Arsic, Hamo Vicecomes and many others. Æthelric II in particular had been compelled by William I to attend. Described as: "" very old man, very learned in the laws of the land"" he was brought by chariot or other carriage to Penenden Heath ""in order to discuss and expound these same old legal customs"". Precisely when the inquiry was held is unclear although many historians have determined it to be between 1075 and 1077. The trial of Odo de Bayeux lasted three days and ended in the partial recovery of properties for the church from Odo and others. ,  Trial_of_Penenden_Heath  2010-02-15T21:58:13Z   The Trial of Penenden Heath occurred in the decade after Norman Conquest of England in 1066, probably in 1072, and involved a dispute between Odo Bishop of Bayeux, half-brother of William the Conqueror and Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury and others. Odo de Bayeux was previously Earl of Kent and the primary landowner of the region subsequent to his half-brother William the Conqueror's invasion of England in 1066. In 1070, Archbishop Lanfranc succeeded to the see of Canterbury and requested an inquiry into the activities of Odo (and Lanfranc's predecessor, Stigand) who had allegedly defrauded the Church (and possibly the Crown) during his tenure as Earl of Kent. It has subsequently been argued that: ""most of the lands had been lost not to Odo, but to Earl Godwine and his family during Edward's reign and perhaps even earlier. . . "" and that ""Odo had simply succeeded to these encroachments and the conflict between archbishop and earl was to a large extent a reprise of that between Robert of Jumièges and Godwine in 1051-2,"" the suggestion being that Lanfranc, despite being the Prior of a Norman monastery (and born in Pavia, Lombardy), was attempting to restore the pre-conquest landholdings for the Church of Canterbury. William I determined that the matter should be settled by the nobles of Kent and ordered that an assembly be formed on the heath at Penenden (near present-day Maidstone) for the purpose. William I ordered that the findings of the inquiry or 'trial' of Odo de Bayeux were to be final. Various prominent figures in the country at the time were called including Geoffrey de Montbray Bishop of Coutances (who represented the King), Lanfranc (for the Church), Odo de Bayeux (defending himself), Arnost Bishop of Rochester, Æthelric II (former Bishop of Selsey), Richard de Tunibridge, Hugh de Montfort, William de Arsic, Hamo Vicecomes and many others. Æthelric II in particular had been compelled by William I to attend as the authority on pre-Norman law. Described as: "" very old man, very learned in the laws of the land"" he was brought by chariot or other carriage to Penenden Heath ""in order to discuss and expound these same old legal customs"". The presence of a contingent of English (or Saxon) witnesses as experts in ancient laws and customs as well as the French-born representation is regarded as a significant indication of the basis of the Church's claims being grounded in the ancient laws of the land. However it is unclear from the sources which of those laws were cited. Precisely when the inquiry was held is unclear although many historians have determined it took place between 1075 and 1077. Similarly a number of varying transcripts or records of the trial exist and it is unclear which may be regarded as the definitive version of events. The trial of Odo de Bayeux lasted three days and ended in the partial recovery of properties for the church from Odo and others. The trial is regarded by some commentators as ""one of the most important events in the early history of English Law because of the light it sheds on the relationship between Norman Law and English Law"" with the trial being a possible indication of Norman respect for Anglo-Saxon legal history. The trial was the first indictment of Odo of Bayeux perhaps setting sufficient precedent for him to be stripped of his properties entirely and imprisoned for five years following further challenges to his wealth and powers in 1082. By all accounts the Penenden trial occurred prior to the Domesday survey and was an early attempt by the church to reclaim rights and interests from the Crown and its agents. Since the assessments of property and rights which followed the trial were of significance, the Domesday Book has come to be seen as a response to a need to have a definitive record of the ownership and administration of Crown property. At the same time, doubt over the authenticity or reliability of transcripts of the trial has meant that much of the analysis of the trial's findings has been undertaken with a degree of scepticism. The trial is known from two narratives. The older is a condensed version whilst the second, slightly later document, contains exaggerated assessments concluding with an overly-detailed description of the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury over offences committed on the King's highways. Analysis of the relationship between these two documents by historians suggests that the later transcript was composed after the monks of Christ Church Priory, Canterbury failed to have their claims to the trial's established privileges recorded in the Domesday Survey. Thus it has been argued that at least the later of the trial narratives should be regarded as an example of the undermining of Anglo-Saxon governance by the power of private interests rather than evidence of the continuation of Anglo-Saxon law and custom after the Conquest.",0
Thumb_Peak_(Palawan),"Thumb_Peak_(Palawan)  2009-10-28T15:43:51Z   Thumb Peak is a small mountain in central Palawan, Philippines, and is the highest point in the Thumb Range. Like Mount Mantalingahan and Mount Victoria further south, Thumb Peak is part of the Mount Beaufort Ultramafics geological area, a series of ultramafic outcrops of Eocene origin that emerge in various parts of the island. The mountain was formerly known as Mount Pulgar, a name it acquired during the Spanish Colonial period. Pulgar, means thumb in Spanish, and the name was probably translated directly to English following the ousting of Spain during the Spanish-American War. The name may have arisen as a result of the mountain's profile, which vaguely resembles the tip of a thumb protruding from a clenched fist. The upper reaches of Thumb Peak are populated by species associated with ultramafic soils, including a number of endemics, such as the tropical pitcher plant Nepenthes deaniana, rediscovered on the mountain in 2007 for the first time since its description in 1908 (see external links). This article about a location in the Philippines is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Thumb_Peak_(Palawan)  2011-05-29T14:52:47Z   Thumb Peak is a small mountain in central Palawan, Philippines, and is the highest point in the Thumb Range. Like Mount Mantalingahan and Mount Victoria further south, Thumb Peak is part of the Mount Beaufort Ultramafics geological area, a series of ultramafic outcrops of Eocene origin that emerge in various parts of the island. The mountain was formerly known as Mount Pulgar, a name it acquired during the Spanish Colonial period. Pulgar, means thumb in Spanish, and the name was probably translated directly to English following the ousting of Spain during the Spanish-American War. The name may have arisen as a result of the mountain's profile, which vaguely resembles the tip of a thumb protruding from a clenched fist. The upper reaches of Thumb Peak are populated by species associated with ultramafic soils, including a number of endemics, such as the tropical pitcher plant Nepenthes deaniana, rediscovered on the mountain in 2007 for the first time since its description in 1908 (see external links). Thumb Peak is accessible from the Iwahig Penal Colony as a 2-3 day hike, graded Difficulty 7/9 by local mountaineering website PinoyMountaineer. com. Highlights of the trail include river crossings, trekking through dense forests, and beautiful views at the summit. A permit is required to climb the mountain. This article about a location in the Philippines is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Hugh Dennis,"Hugh Dennis  2021-01-07T00:23:36Z  Peter Hugh Dennis (born 13 February 1962) is an English comedian, presenter, actor, writer, impressionist and voice-over artist, best known for being one half of Punt and Dennis with comedy partner Steve Punt. He played Pete Brockman, the father in the BBC One sitcom Outnumbered and since 2014 he has played Toby in the long-running sitcom Not Going Out. Since 2005, Dennis has been a regular panellist on the BBC Two satirical comedy show Mock the Week. Dennis was born in Kettering, Northamptonshire, the younger son of schoolteacher Dorothy Mary (Hinnels) and John Dennis. His brother, also named John, was the British Ambassador to Angola from 2014 to 2018. He grew up in Mill Hill in North London as his father was appointed as parish priest of Mill Hill soon after his birth. His father later became the Bishop of Knaresborough and then of Saint Edmundsbury and Ipswich. Dennis was educated at University College School in London. During his time at UCS, he played rugby with Will Self and was head boy in his final year. Subsequently, Dennis went on to read for the Geographical Tripos as an exhibitioner at St John's College, Cambridge. His dissertation was titled ""The Spatial Distribution of Elementary Education in 19th-century Wakefield"". He also joined the Footlights, where he first met Punt and club president Nick Hancock and the trio collaborated on a number of projects besides the annual revue. In a 2016 interview with ITV's This Morning programme, Dennis said that he was approached by Britain's domestic intelligence service, MI5, whilst at Cambridge University and attended a preliminary interview; however, he eventually decided that he did not want to take the matter any further, particularly due to being told during the interview that the job would require him to ""do people over"". After graduating with a first (his nickname was ""Desk""), Dennis worked for Unilever for six years in the marketing department while performing comedy with Punt at venues including The Comedy Store on the weekends. The duo then formed half of the team of The Mary Whitehouse Experience on BBC Radio 1. Dennis uses his middle name Hugh as his stage name because Equity already had a Peter Dennis when he first started. When the BBC commissioned the series for BBC Two, Dennis took a sabbatical as the rehearsal days changed to weekdays and eventually went into comedy full-time. While an impressionist, Dennis did voices for Spitting Image and appeared with Punt as resident support comics on two TV series hosted on the BBC by Jasper Carrott. Dennis also appeared twice as a contestant on the topical panel show Have I Got News for You, including one opposite former schoolmate Self. Punt and Dennis' radio career includes over a decade of performing Punt and Dennis, It's Been a Bad Week, The Party Line and the satirical radio comedy show, The Now Show. On The Now Show , Dennis is in a line-up including Punt, Mitch Benn, Laura Shavin, Jon Holmes and Marcus Brigstocke. He is friends with Chris Morris and has had cameos on Brass Eye as well as doing the narration for the CBBC show Sam and Mark's Guide To Dodging Disasters. In December 2009, Dennis joined Oz Clarke in presenting the sixty minute Christmas special Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas broadcast on BBC Two. In December 2010 the pair returned for a four-part series called Oz and Hugh Raise the Bar, which puts them in a competition to create a bar featuring only local British food and drinks. Dennis has starred in a number of sitcoms, including My Hero, in which he played obnoxious GP Piers Crispin. From 2007 to 2014, he starred in Outnumbered, a semi-improvised sitcom based around family life and won a BAFTA nomination in the comedy category for the 2009 Christmas special. On Radio 4 he also featured in the sitcom Revolting People which, like Outnumbered, was co-written by Andy Hamilton. Besides his regular television work, Dennis is a panellist on Mock the Week and has appeared in every episode since its inception. He is a regular guest on various BBC-broadcast comedy panel game shows such as They Think It's All Over, Would I Lie To You? , QI and has guest hosted Have I Got News for You. In 2011, Dennis hosted the short-lived improvisational comedy series Fast and Loose. Beginning on 16 February 2012, Dennis and Julia Bradbury hosted a four-part BBC One documentary series The Great British Countryside. From October 2014, Dennis has started appearing in the sitcom Not Going Out as Toby. In 2016 Dennis appeared as the Bank Manager in the acclaimed BBC Three series Fleabag, acting alongside Phoebe Waller-Bridge in the first and final episodes of series 1. In 2019 he was a narrator in ITV's series Yorkshire Airport. Dennis lives in London. He has been married twice: to Miranda Carroll (married in 1987; divorced in 1993), and to Catherine ""Kate"" Abbot-Anderson (married in 1996; separated in 2015), with whom he has a son (Freddie, born in 1997) and a daughter (Meg, born in 1999). In June 2018, it was confirmed that Dennis was in a relationship with actress Claire Skinner, who starred opposite him in the sitcom Outnumbered. In July 2008, Dennis received an Honorary Fellowship from the University of Northampton. Dennis took part in the 2007 L'Étape du Tour, cycling an open stage of the Tour de France for amateurs which was held in the mountains two weeks before the main event. He completed it in 11 hours and 7 minutes. He said: ""I was an hour ahead of the broom, the vehicle that gathers the slower riders and disqualifies them."" In October 2011, Dennis completed the Great South Run in Portsmouth for the Alzheimer's Society. Dennis was the subject of the BBC One programme Who Do You Think You Are? (broadcast on 12 September 2012) in which he tries to find out more about his two grandfathers and their backgrounds. His paternal great-grandfather was a miner at Kiveton Park Colliery near Rotherham whose younger son, Dennis' grandfather, served as an officer during World War I, and was coincidentally trained at Dennis' alma mater St John's College. His maternal grandfather also served in France during the Great War and was in the Suffolk Regiment. His father was the bishop John Dennis, and he has an older brother, also called John Dennis, who is a diplomat and was the British Ambassador to Angola from 2014 to 2018. Dennis is a supporter of Arsenal F.C., and also a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. ,  Hugh Dennis  2022-11-23T08:58:41Z  Peter Hugh Dennis (born 13 February 1962) is an English comedian, presenter, actor, writer, impressionist and voice-over artist who has appeared in the comedy double act Punt and Dennis with partner Steve Punt. He played Dr Piers Crispin in the sitcom My Hero from 2000 to 2006, Pete Brockman, the father in the sitcom Outnumbered, and since 2014 has played Toby in the long-running sitcom Not Going Out, all for BBC One. From 2020 he has indulged his long-standing love of geography and social history by presenting the light-hearted community archaeology television show The Great British Dig on Channel 4. From 2005 to 2022, Dennis appeared as a regular panellist on the BBC Two satirical comedy show Mock the Week, appearing in every episode in the show’s run. Dennis was born in Kettering, Northamptonshire, the younger son of school teacher Dorothy Mary (Hinnels) and John Dennis, an Anglican priest. His brother, also named John, was the British Ambassador to Angola from 2014 to 2018. He grew up in Mill Hill in North London as his father was appointed as vicar of John Keble Church, Mill Hill soon after his birth. His father later became the Bishop of Knaresborough and then of Saint Edmundsbury and Ipswich. Dennis was educated at independent University College School in London. During his time at UCS, he played rugby with Will Self and was head boy in his final year. Subsequently, Dennis went on to read for the Geographical Tripos as an exhibitioner at St John's College, Cambridge. His dissertation was titled ""The Spatial Distribution of Elementary Education in 19th-century Wakefield"". He also joined the Footlights, where he first met Steve Punt and club president Nick Hancock and the trio collaborated on a number of projects besides the annual revue. In a 2016 interview with ITV's This Morning programme, Dennis said that he was approached by Britain's domestic intelligence service, MI5, whilst at Cambridge University and attended a preliminary interview; however, he eventually decided that he did not want to take the matter any further, particularly due to being told during the interview that the job would require him to ""do people over"". After graduating with a first (his nickname was ""Desk""), Dennis worked for Unilever for six years in the marketing department while performing comedy with Punt at venues including The Comedy Store in London at weekends. Whilst at Unilever, Dennis became a brand manager of Lynx deodorant. His time at Unilever came to an end when he and Punt had their BBC Radio 1 show (alongside David Baddiel & Rob Newman) The Mary Whitehouse Experience commissioned for BBC Two. Dennis was put on sabbatical by Unilever, as rehearsals for the show were to take place on a weekday, but he never returned to the company and instead chose to pursue comedy full-time as a result of the show's success. Dennis uses his middle name Hugh as his stage name because the actor Peter Dennis was already a member of the performing arts union Equity. While an impressionist, Dennis did voices for Spitting Image and appeared with Punt as resident support comics on two TV series hosted on the BBC by Jasper Carrott. Dennis also appeared twice as a contestant on the topical panel show Have I Got News for You, including one opposite former schoolmate Self. Punt and Dennis' radio career includes over a decade of performing Punt and Dennis, It's Been a Bad Week, The Party Line and the satirical radio comedy show, The Now Show. On The Now Show, Dennis was originally in a line-up including Punt, Mitch Benn, Laura Shavin, Jon Holmes and Marcus Brigstocke. He is friends with Chris Morris and has had cameos on Brass Eye as well as doing the narration for the CBBC show Sam and Mark's Guide to Dodging Disaster. In December 2009, Dennis joined Oz Clarke in presenting the 60-minute Christmas special Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas broadcast on BBC Two. In December 2010 the pair returned for a four-part series called Oz and Hugh Raise the Bar, which puts them in a competition to create a bar featuring only local British food and drinks. Dennis has starred in a number of sitcoms, including My Hero, in which he played obnoxious GP Piers Crispin. From 2007 to 2014, he starred in Outnumbered, a semi-improvised sitcom based around family life and won a BAFTA nomination in the comedy category for the 2009 Christmas special. On Radio 4 he also featured in the sitcom Revolting People which, like Outnumbered, was co-written by Andy Hamilton. Besides his regular television work, Dennis is a panellist on Mock the Week and has appeared in all episodes since its premiere in 2005, with the exception of a special episode of the programme that was broadcast as part of David Walliams' 24 Hour Panel People. He is a regular guest on various BBC-broadcast comedy panel game shows such as They Think It's All Over, Would I Lie To You? , QI and has guest hosted Have I Got News for You. In 2011, Dennis hosted the short-lived improvisational comedy series Fast and Loose. Beginning on 16 February 2012, Dennis and Julia Bradbury hosted a four-part BBC One documentary series The Great British Countryside. From October 2014, Dennis has started appearing in the sitcom Not Going Out as Toby. In 2016 Dennis appeared as the Bank Manager in the BBC Three series Fleabag, acting alongside Phoebe Waller-Bridge in the first, fourth, and final episodes of series 1. In February 2021 Dennis started presenting The Great British Dig on More 4. In the September 2021 Bond film No Time to Die, Dennis cameoed as a scientist in an MI6 laboratory. Dennis lives in London. He has been married twice: to Miranda Carroll (1987-1993), and to Catherine ""Kate"" Abbot-Anderson (1996-2015), with whom he has a son and a daughter. In June 2018, it was confirmed that Dennis was in a relationship with actress Claire Skinner, who starred opposite him in the sitcom Outnumbered. In July 2008, Dennis received an Honorary fellowship from the University of Northampton. Dennis took part in the 2007 L'Étape du Tour, cycling an open stage of the Tour de France for amateurs which was held in the mountains two weeks before the main event. He completed it in 11 hours and 7 minutes. He said: ""I was an hour ahead of the broom, the vehicle that gathers the slower riders and disqualifies them."" In October 2011, Dennis completed the Great South Run in Portsmouth for the Alzheimer's Society. Dennis was the subject of the BBC One programme Who Do You Think You Are? (broadcast on 12 September 2012) in which he tries to find out more about his two grandfathers and their backgrounds. His paternal great-grandfather was a miner at Kiveton Park Colliery near Rotherham whose younger son, Dennis' grandfather, served as an officer during World War I, and was coincidentally trained at Dennis' alma mater St John's College. His maternal grandfather also served in France during the Great War and was in the Suffolk Regiment. His father was the bishop John Dennis, and he has an older brother, also called John Dennis, who is a diplomat and was the British Ambassador to Angola from 2014 to 2018. Dennis is a supporter of Arsenal, and also a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. On an episode of Taskmaster he revealed that he is a member of Cloud Appreciation Society.",1
Elite Police,"Elite Police  2021-01-22T07:51:57Z  The Elite Police (Urdu: اشرافیہ پولیس), also known as the ""Elite Force"" or ""Police Commandos"", is a branch of the Punjab Police specializing in Counter-Terrorist operations and VIP security duties, as well as acting against serious crime and performing high-risk operations which can't be carried out by the regular police. It was formed in 1998 as a counterterrorism unit, but over time its duties expanded to VIP escort. The Elite Force was created on the order of the then Punjab Chief Minister Shahbaz Sharif in 1997–1998. In 2004, more funds were allocated for its expansion, and 5000 new personnel were inducted. New checkpoints for curbing street crime were created across Punjab and manned by the Elite Force. Their work drew attention in the wake of the 2009 attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team in Lahore. The Elite Police were also extensively involved in neutralizing enemy combatants who had laid siege to the Manawan Police Training School during the 2009 Lahore police academy attacks. Mumtaz Qadri, the bodyguard who shot and killed Punjab governor Salmaan Taseer in Islamabad on January 4, 2011 was a member of the Elite Police. On August 12, 2017 a twelve year old boy was crushed to death by Elite Force Vehicle accompanying Mr. Nawaz Sharif (ex-prime minister). None of the vehicles including rescue vehicles or the vehicle responsible stopped or took the boy to the hospital. Family of the victim was also pressurized later to omit vehicle registration number from first information report to police. The Elite Police Force is headed by the Additional Inspector-General of Police, Elite Police Force, Punjab, Lahore. During operations, they are headed by an officer trained in a ""Basic Elite"" course. The Elite Force is used in a range of special operations including ""high-risk searches, raids and rescue operations"". Members of the Elite Force are trained for six months at the Elite Police Training School (EPTS) at Badian, Lahore, by Pakistan's Special police trainers in personal combat, martial arts, crowd control, close quarters battle (CQB), and reconnaissance. They are trained in the use of a range of weapons, including the AK-47, Glock Pistol, MP5, and grenades. They can use different kind of weapons like Pakistan-made G3, machine-guns etc. Their arsenal also included flak jackets. They are trained in martial arts and they have to face very bloody boxing fights during training period. They are often seen in black and green track suits. And other protective gears. ,  Elite Police  2022-12-26T20:14:58Z  The Elite Police (Urdu: ایلیٹ کمانڈو فورس), also known as the ""Elite Force"" or ""Police Commandos"", is a branch of the Punjab Police specializing in Counter-Terrorist operations and VIP security duties, as well as acting against serious crime and performing high-risk operations which can't be carried out by the regular police. It was formed in 1998 as a counterterrorism unit, but over time its duties expanded to VIP escort. The Elite Force was created on the order of the then Punjab Chief Minister Shahbaz Sharif in 1997–1998. In 2004, more funds were allocated for its expansion, and 5000 new personnel were inducted. New checkpoints for curbing street crime were created across Punjab and manned by the Elite Force. Their work drew attention in the wake of the 2009 attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team in Lahore. The Elite Police were also extensively involved in neutralizing enemy combatants who had laid siege to the Manawan Police Training School during the 2009 Lahore police academy attacks. Mumtaz Qadri, the bodyguard who shot and killed Punjab governor Salmaan Taseer in Islamabad on January 4, 2011 was a member of the Elite Police. On August 12, 2017 a twelve year old boy was crushed to death by Elite Force Vehicle accompanying Mr. Nawaz Sharif (ex-prime minister). None of the vehicles including rescue vehicles or the vehicle responsible stopped or took the boy to the hospital. Family of the victim was also pressurized later to omit vehicle registration number from first information report to police. The Elite Police Force is headed by the Additional Inspector-General of Police, Elite Police Force, Punjab, Lahore. Currently, Kunwar Shahrukh, Additional Inspector-General of Police is leading Elite Police Police Force in Punjab. During operations, they are headed by an officer trained in a ""Basic Elite"" course. The Elite Force is used in a range of special operations including ""high-risk searches, raids and rescue operations"". Members of the Elite Force are trained for six months at the Elite Police Training School (EPTS) at Badian, Lahore, by Pakistan's Special police trainers in personal combat, martial arts, crowd control, close quarters battle (CQB), and reconnaissance. They are trained in the use of a range of weapons, including the AK-47, Glock Pistol, MP5, and grenades. They can use different kind of weapons like Pakistan-made G3, machine-guns etc. Their arsenal also included flak jackets. They are trained in martial arts and boxing practice during training period. They are often seen in black and green track suits. And other protective gears. Additional Inspector General of Police is the head of Elite Police, Punjab. Hereunder, is the list of Addl: IGPs who have headed this unit.",1
Arya (actress),"Arya (actress)  2016-01-04T22:45:53Z  Arya Rohit is an Indian film and television actress, who predominantly performs in Malayalam language. ,  Arya (actress)  2017-12-30T06:52:52Z  Arya Rohit is an Indian television Personality and model who predominantly performs in Malayalam language. She is popularly noted for her appearance in the television program Badai Bungalow on Asianet, handling the comedy role. In 2017 December , she launched a boutique named Aroya. Arya was born to Satheesh Babu, an account manager at Thiruvananthapuram fort hospital and Prema, a house wife. She is also a classical and cinematic dancer and started her career as a model before entering the television and film fields. She was recently married to Rohit Suseelan, an I.T engineer. The 'Nestle Munch Stars' aired on Asianet showed her brilliance in both acting and dancing. She also served as an anchor in the cookery show ""Taste time' which aires on Asianet. Arya made her small screen debut in the serial 'Officer' directed by G.S Vijayan. Arya Rohit at IMDb",1
Japan_National_Route_39,"Japan_National_Route_39  2010-11-25T15:54:21Z   National Route 39 is a national highway connecting Asahikawa and Abashiri in Hokkaidō, Japan. This article relating to the roads and highways in Japan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Japan_National_Route_39  2013-03-17T18:19:26Z   National Route 39 is a national highway connecting Asahikawa and Abashiri in Hokkaidō, Japan. It passes through Kitami and Engaru. This article relating to the roads and highways in Japan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Claydee,"Claydee  2021-02-13T15:15:02Z  Klejdi Llupa (Greek: Κλάιντι Λούπα; born 7 June 1985), professionally known as Claydee, is a Greek-Albanian singer, songwriter and producer. His song ""Mamacita Buena"" became the first Spanish pop song on YouTube to receive more than 27,000,000 views within a year after its release. He has produced works that fall into the dance-pop, RnB and house music categories. Lupa was born in Albania and moved to Athens, Greece with his family at the age of four. Graduating from high school, he pursued a degree in Audio Engineering at SAE (International Technology College) that he completed in 2006. A year later, he obtained a BA in Recording Arts from Middlesex University. After concluding his degrees, in 2008, he went on to work at MTV Greece. Lupa released his first personal track ""Call me"" which was awarded the Best Dance Video Clip at the MADTv Awards in 2011. His second track, ""Deep Inside"", was a pop/dance track. In the summer of 2012 he released the international hit ""Mamacita Buena"" which became the first Greek song to have the most views on YouTube and reached No.1 at the airplay chart in Greece while simultaneously being released internationally by Ultra Music. He was nominated for Best Greek Act Award at the MTV Europe Music Awards. His ""Sexy Papi"" reached the No.1 in the airplay charts in countries such as Greece, Poland and Serbia while Coca-Cola in Greece chose him to go on tour with the brand for the summer of 2013. He performed in a number of countries, including Cyprus, Albania, Serbia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Canada, United States, Sweden and Italy, and at Athens Arena. In 2010, Claydee co-created ""Down2Earth"", a music industry consulting and artist development company, with his friend Evan Klimakis. It launched Down2Earth Records, a mainstream dance label. Experience he gained while working for MTV Greece led to work as a producer and a songwriter, under his alias Beetkraft, beginning with the song ""The End"" by Reckless, which was released by Sony Music Greece and reached a top-rank position in the UK Club Charts. He went on to write and produce, under his real name, ""Last Summer"" sung by Nikos Ganos, the Track of the Year at the 2011 MADTv Awards. The track was released by Heaven Music in Greece and in 35 countries internationally. In 2011, he co-wrote ""Tonight"" with Playmen, sung by Tamta, which reached No.1 in the airplay charts in Greece. Songs under his alias Beetkraft include ""Agries diatheseis"" by Kostas Martakis, ""Niose tin Kardia"" by Tamta (in which he raps as well) and ""To allo sou miso"" for Sakis Rouvas, featured in his double platinum album Parafora. Using his real name, he wrote the music for ""Taxidepse me"", a hit of Stratos STAN Antipariotis, co-wrote ""Hey you!"" for Nikki Ponte, ""Na m'agapas"" and ""Thelo"" for Dimension-X, ""Chiki-Chiki"" and ""Heleya"" for Nicole Paparistodemou aka Nikki Lee. Some years after his establishment in Greece, Lupa legally took the name Nikodimos. He is also a professional Latin dancer. He's also father of a two-year-old son. ,  Claydee  2022-10-28T18:38:08Z  Klejdi Lupa (Greek: Κλέιντι Λούπα; born 7 June 1985), known professionally as Claydee, is a Greek-Albanian singer, songwriter and producer. He has produced works that fall into the dance-pop, RnB and house music categories. His songs have charted as Top 10 hits in countries such as Greece, Spain, Albania, Russia, Poland, Cyprus and Serbia. His songs have also surpassed 582 million streams and YouTube views combined. Lupa was born in Albania and moved to Athens, Greece, with his family at the age of four. Graduating from high school, he pursued a degree in Audio Engineering at SAE (International Technology College) that he completed in 2006. A year later, he obtained a BA in Recording Arts from Middlesex University. After concluding his degrees, in 2008, he went on to work at MTV Greece. Lupa released his first personal track ""Call Me"" which was awarded the Best Dance Video Clip at the MADTv Awards in 2011. His second track, ""Deep Inside"", was a pop-dance track. In the summer of 2012 he released the international hit ""Mamacita Buena"" which became the first song produced in Greece to have the most views on YouTube and reached No.1 at the airplay chart in Greece while simultaneously being released internationally by Ultra Music. The song was also featured in the NBC TV series Telenovela, which stars Eva Longoria. He was nominated for Best Greek Act Award at the MTV Europe Music Awards. His single ""Sexy Papi"" reached the No.1 in the airplay charts in countries such as Greece, Poland and Serbia while Coca-Cola in Greece chose him to go on tour with the brand for the summer of 2013. He performed in a number of countries, including Cyprus, Albania, Serbia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Canada, United States, Sweden and Italy and at Athens Arena. In 2010, Claydee co-created ""Down2Earth Music"", a music industry consulting and artist development company, with his friend Evan Klimakis. It launched Down2Earth Records, a mainstream dance label. In 2015, Lupa released the song ""Utopia"" with his side project Bang La Decks. The song was featured in the video game FIFA 15 and the TV series Power and Teen Wolf. An adaptation of the song titled ""How Bad Do You Want It"" with vocals by Shevyn Streeter was also included in the soundtrack for the film Furious 7. In 2018, Lupa released the song ""Later Bitches"" with his musical side project The Prince Karma. It reached #12 on the Worldwide Shazam Chart and amassed more than 150 million Spotify streams. The song was later used for the beer company Desperados' ""We Are the Party"" advertising campaign in 2020. It was eventually certified Platinum in France and Gold in Germany. Claydee collaborated with Greek singer Eleni Foureira on the song ""Loquita"" in 2019. The song won the ""Best Duet"" award at the MAD Video Music Awards in 2020. Claydee released the single ""Detente"" in 2021. The song became viral on TikTok, amassing more than 9 million views. Experience he gained while working for MTV Greece led to work as a producer and a songwriter, under his alias Beetkraft, beginning with the song ""The End"" by Reckless, which was released by Sony Music Greece and reached a top-rank position in the UK Club Charts. He went on to write and produce, under his real name, ""Last Summer"" sung by Nikos Ganos, the Track of the Year at the 2011 MAD TV Awards. The track was released by Heaven Music in Greece and in 35 countries internationally. In 2011, he co-wrote ""Tonight"" with Playmen, sung by Tamta, which reached No.1 in the airplay charts in Greece. Songs under his alias Beetkraft include ""Agries diatheseis"" by Kostas Martakis, ""Niose tin Kardia"" by Tamta (in which he raps as well) and ""To allo sou miso"" for Sakis Rouvas, featured in his double platinum album Parafora. Some years after his establishment in Greece, Lupa legally took the name Nikodimos. He is also a professional Latin dancer. He has a son, born in 2016.",1
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2016-01-04T18:59:54Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the Tianjin TEDA Group (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual off-season match between the two clubs. The clubs first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however short lived and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995 while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It would look like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. While Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the player wages, and it wasn't until the club's owner Liu Huiwen heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: http://www.fa.org.cn Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of 1 January 2015. Key,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2017-12-25T01:19:14Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the TEDA Holding (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however short lived and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995 while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It would look like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did winning the game 2-1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the player wages, and it wasn't until the club's owner Liu Huiwen heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2017 season. Key",1
Seattle Mariners,"Seattle Mariners  2003-07-16T20:23:59Z  The Seattle Mariners are a Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. The team was added to the American League in 1977, and were for many years perennial non-achievers. By the mid 1990s, under manager Lou Piniella, with a core of strong players built around center-fielder Ken Griffey Jr, pitcher Randy Johnson and designated hitter Edgar Martinez, they won their division in 1995. Their dramatic championship run that year was halted in the ALCS by the Cleveland Indians. They won the division again in 1997 and the playoff wild card in 2000, despite the loss of Griffey and Johnson. In 2001, despite the loss of superstar shortstop Alex Rodriguez, with the addition of Japanese sensation Ichiro Suzuki the Mariners had one of the most successful regular seasons on record, leading the major leagues in winning percentage from start to finish, winning the American League West championship easily, setting a new American League record for most wins in a single season (116), and matching the major league record for single season wins set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. They pulled off a come-from-behind 3-2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS to advance to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1. Seattle's previous major league team, the Pilots, became the Milwaukee Brewers in 1970, after a single season in Seattle. Baseball Hall of Famers: Current stars: Not to be forgotten: Retired numbers: Seattle Mariners official web site,  Seattle Mariners  2004-12-22T22:23:50Z  The Seattle Mariners are a Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. They are in the Western Division of the American League. The Mariners were added to the American League in 1977, and were for many years perennial non-achievers. Despite having stars such as Alvin Davis and Gaylord Perry, the Mariners did not have a winning record until 1991. By the mid 1990s, under manager Lou Piniella, the Mariners added a core of strong players built around center-fielder Ken Griffey, Jr., pitcher Randy Johnson and designated hitter Edgar Martinez. They won their first division title in 1995, having trailed the California Angels by 13 games in mid-August. Their dramatic championship run that year was halted in the ALCS by the Cleveland Indians. The Mariners won the division title again in 1997. In 2001, despite the loss of superstar shortstop Alex Rodriguez, the addition of Japanese sensation Ichiro Suzuki helped the Mariners to have one of the most successful regular seasons on record, leading the major leagues in winning percentage from start to finish, easily winning the American League West championship, setting a new American League record for most wins in a single season (116), and matching the major league record for single season wins set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. They pulled off a come-from-behind 3-2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS to advance to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1. At the end of the 2002 season, manager Lou Piniella left the Mariners to manage the Tampa Bay Devil Rays over the management policy of non-aggressive hiring. The Mariners signed Bob Melvin to be their new manager. Despite an excellent start to the 2003 season, the Mariners failed to make the playoffs. The Mariners stayed competitive in 7 of the 9 seasons from 1995 to 2003. The 2004 season, however, saw the demise of the Mariners' dominance of their division. Although many of their players were aging, the Mariners continued an apparent practice of ""content to contend,"" starting the 2004 season having not made a major deal in three years. Despite this fact, many experts figured the Mariners would be a contending team, but one that would not win the World Series. The team lost their first five games and went into the All-Star Break with a 9-game losing streak, a 32-54 season record (.372), and a 17-game deficit behind the first-place Texas Rangers. After the All-Star break, the Mariners stopped ignoring that a crisis was on their hands, and started giving the team a complete overhaul, moving aging but proven players away from center stage and inserting over a dozen call-ups onto the 25-man roster. The Mariners' woes still continue, however, but instead of futile brooding on the aging of the team, the bad play can be improved through training of these young players, few who are even 25 yet. The season's end was enlivened by Ichiro breaking George Sisler's single season record of 257 hits, and events to honor the retirement of Mariner stalwart, Edgar Martinez. Just days after the end of the season, the Mariners fired Bob Melvin. On October 20, 2004, the Mariners announced the signing of their new manager, Mike Hargrove. Hargrove was the manager who led the Cleveland Indians past the Mariners in the 1995 ALCS. In 2004, Japanese video game manufacturer Nintendo acquired a majority ownership in the team by acquiring the shares from its former president, Hiroshi Yamauchi. The deal was done in August, but just recently announced.",1
AP Latin,"AP Latin  2011-01-20T18:00:57Z  Advanced Placement Latin: Virgil (or AP Virgil, AP Latin Virgil, or AP Latin) is an examination offered by the College Board's Advanced Placement Program. The AP Latin: Virgil exam is based upon Virgil's Aeneid. Students are expected to be familiar with the following 1,856 lines of the Aeneid: Students must also be familiar with the total content of Books 1 through 12. The exam tests students' abilities to: Critical appreciation of the Aeneid as poetry implies the ability to translate literally, to analyze, to interpret, to read aloud with attention to pauses and phrasing, and to scan the dactylic hexameter verse. Students should be given extensive practice in reading at sight and in translating literally so that their translations not only are accurate and precise, but also make sense in English. The instructions for the translation questions, ""translate as literally as possible,"" call for a translation that is accurate and precise. In some cases an idiom may be translated in a way that makes sense in English but is rather loose compared to the Latin. In general, however, students are reminded to remember that: In the 2007 administration 4,929 students took the exam from 736 schools. The mean score was a 3.002. The grade distribution for 2007 was: In the 2009 administration, a total of 4,295 students took the exam, and the average score was a 3.04, slightly higher than 2007's scores. The grade distribution for 2009 was:,  AP Latin  2012-11-29T17:22:45Z  AP Latin can refer to either of the following Advanced Placement exams:",1
Harry_Gesner,"Harry_Gesner  2007-11-26T22:04:51Z   This article about an architect or architectural firm is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Harry Gesner (1925 –) Influencial California architect Internationally known for his visionary style. His Wave House (1957) was an inspiration for the Sydney Opera by Danish architect Jorn Utzon. Father of Zen Gesner (Actor). Husband of Nan Martin (Actress). ,  Harry_Gesner  2008-05-01T22:21:29Z   Harry Gesner (born 1925) is an influential California architect. Gesner became internationally known for his visionary style. His Wave House (1957) was an inspiration for the Sydney Opera House by Danish architect Jorn Utzon. Father of Tara Tanzer-Cartwright (Teacher), Jason Gesner (Hydroelectric Manager), and Zen Gesner (Actor). Husband of Nan Martin (Actress). (1) http://www. malibucomplete. com/mc_history_dev_1970s-91_architecture. php This article about a United States architect or architectural firm is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Charles Parnell (actor),"Charles Parnell (actor)  2014-02-02T19:12:21Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children. Parnell took over the role previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. Parnell also provides the voice of Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in ""Iphigeneia at Aulis"", a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater, New Haven, Connecticut. His other appearances include:,  Charles Parnell (actor)  2015-12-25T02:46:23Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children. Parnell took over the role previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. Parnell also provides the voice of Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros. He is currently portraying the role of Master Chief Russ Jeter on the TNT show The Last Ship, which has been renewed for season 3. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in ""Iphigeneia at Aulis"", a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater, New Haven, Connecticut. His other appearances include:",1
2004_Washington_State_Cougars_football_team,"2004_Washington_State_Cougars_football_team  2009-05-21T22:02:40Z   The 2004 Washington State Cougars football team represented Washington State University in the college football season of 2004-2005. The team's head coach was Bill Doba. It played its home games at Martin Stadium in Pullman, Washington. September 35:00 p. m. at New Mexico*ESPNW 21-17 34,860 September 1112:30 p. m. Colorado*ABCL 20-12 56,188 September 187:30 p. m. Idaho*FSN-NWW 49-8 34,858 September 2512:30 p. m. at ArizonaABCW 20-19 43,579 October 93:00 p. m. OregonL 41-38 35,117 October 167:15 p. m. StanfordFSNL 23-17 34,963 October 231:05 p. m. at Oregon StateL 38-19 36,265 October 304:00 p. m. No. 1 USCABCL 42-12 35,117 November 612:30 p. m. at UCLAW 31-29 62,259 November 134:00 p. m. at No. 20 Arizona StateTBSL 38-14 60,319 November 203:30 p. m. WashingtonABCW 28-25 34,334 Template:CFB Schedule End,  2004_Washington_State_Cougars_football_team  2010-08-22T05:17:25Z   The 2004 Washington State Cougars football team represented Washington State University in the college football season of 2004-2005. The team's head coach was Bill Doba. It played its home games at Martin Stadium in Pullman, Washington. September 35:00 p. m. at New Mexico*ESPNW 21-17 34,860 September 1112:30 p. m. Colorado*ABCL 20-12 56,188 September 187:30 p. m. Idaho*FSN-NWW 49-8 34,858 September 2512:30 p. m. at ArizonaABCW 20-19 43,579 October 93:00 p. m. OregonL 41-38 35,117 October 167:15 p. m. StanfordFSNL 23-17 34,963 October 231:05 p. m. at Oregon StateL 38-19 36,265 October 304:00 p. m. No. 1 USCABCL 42-12 35,117 November 612:30 p. m. at UCLAW 31-29 62,259 November 134:00 p. m. at No. 20 Arizona StateTBSL 38-14 60,319 November 203:30 p. m. WashingtonABCW 28-25 34,334 Template:CFB Schedule End",0
Victoria Highlanders FC,"Victoria Highlanders FC  2008-02-01T06:43:45Z  Victoria Highlanders is an Canadian soccer team founded in 2008. The team will be a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, and will make their debut in the Northwest Division of the Western Conference in 2009. The team will play their home games at a stadium somewhere in the vicinity of Victoria, British Columbia. The exact venue has yet to be announced. start  NW  end,  Victoria Highlanders FC  2009-12-24T06:59:18Z  Victoria Highlanders is a Canadian soccer team based in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Founded in 2007, the team plays in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Northwest Division of the Western Conference. The team plays its home games at West Shore Stadium in nearby Langford, British Columbia, where they have played since 2009. The team's colors are white, black and gold. Former English Premier League coach and Canadian World Cup veteran Colin Miller is the team's inaugural head coach. The Highlanders joined the PDL in 2009, and played their first ever game on May 1, 2009, away at Spokane Shadow in Post Falls, Idaho. The Highlanders won the game 1-0, with the first goal in franchise history being scored by Patrick Gawrys. as at June 19, 2009 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. (regular season, playoffs) 2009: 1734, DNQ  start {{Canada Soccer player}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata. end",1
Jonathan Obika,"Jonathan Obika  2014-01-08T18:23:08Z  Jonathan Chiedozie Obika (born 12 September 1990) is an English footballer who plays for Football League Championship club Brighton & Hove Albion, currently on loan from Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur. He plays as a striker. Born in Enfield, London, Obika is a product of the Tottenham Hotspur youth system and was the top scorer for the academy side in the 2007–08 season. He made his first team debut in the UEFA Cup on 27 November 2008 against NEC Nijmegen. He also played against Ukrainian side FC Shakhtar Donetsk in the same competition. He signed a more secure contract with the club in January 2009. On 19 March 2009 he signed with League One team Yeovil Town on a month's loan. His loan was extended until the end of the 2008–09 season in April. In his two-month loan spell he played 10 games scoring 4 goals. Obika returned to Yeovil on a three-month loan on 11 August 2009. He scored in his third game of the 2009–10 season against Leyton Orient. He scored again on 1 September against Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy, coming on as a substitute at half time. Along with fellow Tottenham loanees Steven Caulker and Ryan Mason, his loan was extended until the end of the season on 5 November. On 11 February, Obika was sent back to Spurs due to the return to Yeovil of Arron Davies and was then immediately sent on loan to fellow League One side Millwall. On 13 April, Obika scored an injury time equaliser for Millwall against Yeovil and despite what it meant to Millwall's promotion push, he didn't celebrate as a mark of respect for his old club. On 20 August, Obika returned to south London to join Crystal Palace on a season-long loan deal. However this was cut short in early January after a series of disappointing performances, and he went on loan to Peterborough United instead. He then joined Swindon Town a few weeks later until the end of the season but was recalled after lack of opportunities at Swindon. Obika then subsequently rejoined Yeovil until the end of the season, his third club of the 2010–11 season, and made 11 appearances scoring 3 goals. Obika then rejoined Yeovil on loan at the start of the 2011–12 season until January 2012, this deal was later extended until the end of the season. On 26 December 2011, Obika scored the first goal of his new loan deal against Charlton Athletic with an overhead kick, and he then went on to score against Carlisle, Sheffield Wednesday and Leyton Orient. In February 2013, Obika signed on loan with Championship side Charlton Athletic for the remainder of the 2012–13 season and also signed a one year contract extension with Spurs until 2014. Obika scored his first goal for Charlton against Leeds United, a stoppage time header to win the match 2–1. Obika followed this up with a 90th minute winner against Wolves. On 8 January 2014, Obika joined Championship club Brighton & Hove Albion on an initial month long loan deal. Obika was called up to represent England in the Under 20 World Cup tournament hosted in Egypt from 24 September – 16 October 2009. Obika featured in the first two games against Ghana and Uruguay. Obika grew up in Edmonton and attended The Bishop Stopford's School in Enfield. He is the cousin of singer and former Fame Academy contestant, Lemar. ,  Jonathan Obika  2015-12-30T08:06:06Z  Jonathan Chiedozie Obika (born 12 September 1990) is an English footballer who plays for Swindon Town. He plays as a striker. Born in Enfield, London, Obika is a product of the Tottenham Hotspur youth system and was the top scorer for the academy side in the 2007–08 season. He made his first team debut in the UEFA Cup on 27 November 2008 against NEC Nijmegen. He also played against Ukrainian side FC Shakhtar Donetsk in the same competition. He signed a more secure contract with the club in January 2009. On 19 March 2009 he signed with League One team Yeovil Town on a month's loan. His loan was extended until the end of the 2008–09 season in April. In his two-month loan spell he played 10 games scoring 4 goals. Obika returned to Yeovil on a three-month loan on 11 August 2009. He scored in his third game of the 2009–10 season against Leyton Orient. He scored again on 1 September against Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy, coming on as a substitute at half time. Along with fellow Tottenham loanees Steven Caulker and Ryan Mason, his loan was extended until the end of the season on 5 November. On 11 February, Obika was sent back to Spurs due to the return to Yeovil of Arron Davies and was then immediately sent on loan to fellow League One side Millwall. On 13 April, Obika scored an injury time equaliser for Millwall against Yeovil and despite what it meant to Millwall's promotion push, he didn't celebrate as a mark of respect for his old club. On 20 August, Obika returned to south London to join Crystal Palace on a season-long loan deal. However this was cut short in early January after a series of disappointing performances, and he went on loan to Peterborough United instead. He then joined Swindon Town a few weeks later until the end of the season but was recalled after lack of opportunities at Swindon. Obika then subsequently rejoined Yeovil until the end of the season, his third club of the 2010–11 season, and made 11 appearances scoring 3 goals. Obika then rejoined Yeovil on loan at the start of the 2011–12 season until January 2012, this deal was later extended until the end of the season. On 26 December 2011, Obika scored the first goal of his new loan deal against Charlton Athletic with an overhead kick, and he then went on to score against Carlisle, Sheffield Wednesday and Leyton Orient. In February 2013, Obika signed on loan with Championship side Charlton Athletic for the remainder of the 2012–13 season and also signed a one-year contract extension with Spurs until 2014. Obika scored his first goal for Charlton against Leeds United, a stoppage time header to win the match 2–1. Obika followed this up with a 90th-minute winner against Wolves. On 8 January 2014, Obika joined Championship club Brighton & Hove Albion on an initial three-month loan deal. He scored his first goal for Brighton in the FA Cup 4th round tie against Port Vale in the 78th minute, Brighton won 3–1. Rohan Ince & Solomon March scored the other two goals for the Albion. After his deal with Brighton expired, Obika rejoined Charlton Athletic on loan, for the remainder of the season. Obika left Tottenham and joined League One club Swindon Town on 1 September 2014 for an undisclosed fee; rumored to be around £200,000. He signed a Deal that would see him kept at The County Ground for 2 years. Obika was called up to represent England in the Under 20 World Cup tournament hosted in Egypt from 24 September – 16 October 2009. Obika featured in the first two games against Ghana and Uruguay. Obika grew up in Edmonton and attended The Bishop Stopford's School in Enfield. He is the cousin of singer and former Fame Academy contestant Lemar,",1
Emil_Rausch,"Emil_Rausch  2010-11-30T19:27:47Z   Emil A. Rausch (September 11, 1883 – December 14, 1954) was a German freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics and 1906 Summer Olympics. In the 1904 Olympics he won a gold medals in the 880 yard freestyle and 1 mile freestyle and a bronze medal in the 220 yard freestyle. Two years later he won a silver medal as a member of German 4x250 m relay team and was fifth in 1 mile freestyle. Template:Persondata This article about a swimming Olympic medalist for Germany is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Emil_Rausch  2012-06-25T21:10:11Z   Emil A. Rausch (September 11, 1883 – December 14, 1954) was a German freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics and 1906 Summer Olympics. In the 1904 Olympics he won a gold medals in the 880 yard freestyle and 1 mile freestyle and a bronze medal in the 220 yard freestyle. Two years later he won a silver medal as a member of German 4x250 m relay team and was fifth in 1 mile freestyle. Template:Persondata This article about a swimming Olympic medalist for Germany is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
List_of_senior_Securitate_officers,"List_of_senior_Securitate_officers  2008-05-12T19:57:08Z   This is a list of senior Securitate officers. The General Direction for the Security of the People, better known by its Romanian abbreviation, Securitate, was officially founded on August 30, 1948 by Decree 221/30. However, it had effectively existed since August 1944, when communists began to infiltrate the Ministry of Internal Affairs on a large scale, with help from SMERSH, an NKVD unit charged with demolishing existing intelligence agencies and replacing them with Soviet-style bodies in the Soviet-occupied countries of Eastern Europe. From its inception, the Securitate engaged in a terror campaign against ""class enemies"". The campaign was led from the position of Minister of Interior by Teohari Georgescu in 1948-1952, and Alexandru Drăghici in 1952-1965, seconded in the position of Deputy Interior Minister (until 1960) and Chief of Securitate by Gheorghe Pintilie. Although the largest amount of victims was registered between 1948 and 1952, the campaign continued until 1965.,  List_of_senior_Securitate_officers  2011-08-15T10:39:52Z   This is a list of senior Securitate officers. The General Direction for the Security of the People, better known by its Romanian abbreviation, Securitate, was officially founded on August 30, 1948 by Decree 221/30. However, it had effectively existed since August 1944, when communists began to infiltrate the Ministry of Internal Affairs on a large scale, with help from SMERSH, an NKVD unit charged with demolishing existing intelligence agencies and replacing them with Soviet-style bodies in the Soviet-occupied countries of Eastern Europe. From its inception, the Securitate engaged in a terror campaign against ""class enemies"". The campaign was led from the position of Minister of Interior by Teohari Georgescu in 1948-1952, and Alexandru Drăghici in 1952-1965, seconded in the position of Deputy Interior Minister (until 1960) and Chief of Securitate by Gheorghe Pintilie. Although the largest amount of victims was registered between 1948 and 1952, the campaign continued until 1965.",0
Sebastián Tagliabúe,"Sebastián Tagliabúe  2009-05-21T21:23:25Z  Sebstián Lucas Tagliabué (born february 22 of 1985 in Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an argentin football striker who currenty playing for Deportes La Serena. His career started in the Club Atlético Colegiales at present of the Primera División C, at that time Club Atlético Colegiales was in the Primera División D that after 5 years did the Primera División C. Tagliabue then migrate towards Chile, and debuted for Everton against his current team La Serena in that game tied at 5 goals team tying three of those were recorded by many Tagliabue. In 2009 Tagliabué arrives to Deportes La Serena his currently estadistics his playing 12 matches and has scored 6 goals. ,  Sebastián Tagliabúe  2010-11-10T14:17:12Z  Sebstián Lucas Tagliabué (born February 22, 1985 in Olivos, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine football striker, currently playing for Al-Ittifaq. Sebastian Tagliabué started his football career at Club Atletico Colegiales where he was for five years at the club (2003-2005), Colegiales was a club of First Division D (equivalent to the fourth division in Argentina), Sebastian took so typically more difficult is the way in football, starting a fourth team which would cost be recognized by people. But thank god Tagliabue, came out champion of the Primera D and had received offers from several metropolitan league teams but a string of offers you are presented with Everton of the Primera División de Chile. In his debut he scored three goals in a tie at five goals with Deportes La Serena and immediately won the hearts of all people of Everton from being talented was very charismatic with the fans. After just signed with Deportes La Serena, to defend him during the 2009 season where in total, played 27 matches and scored 13 goals. That same year left La Serena and received a good offer from Once Caldas, the Colombian Professional Football club to participate in the Copa Libertadores 2010. Everton Torneo Clausura 2008: 12 matches and 5 goals Copa Chile: 1 match and 1 goal Total: 13 matches and 6 goals Deportes La Serena Torneo Apertura 2009: 12 matches and 7 goals Torneo Clausura 2009: 14 matches and 6 goals Copa Chile 2009: 1 match and 0 goals Total: 27 matches and 13 goals",1
Kenny Agostino,"Kenny Agostino  2013-03-28T05:50:35Z  Ben Hanowski (born April 30, 1992) is an American ice hockey player currently playing for Yale University. He was part of the trade on March 27, 2013 that sent Jarome Iginla to the Pittsburgh Penguins. ,  Kenny Agostino  2014-12-06T19:48:02Z  Kenneth Agostino (born April 30, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey player who currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was a fifth round selection, 140th overall, of the Pittsburgh Penguins at the 2010 NHL Entry Draft and was acquired by Calgary in the Jarome Iginla trade. Agostino played four seasons of college hockey for the Yale Bulldogs and was a member of the school's 2013 national championship winning team. A native of Flanders, New Jersey, Agostino played high school hockey for Delbarton School, where he graduated as the school's all-time leading scorer with 261 points. He was twice named New Jersey High School Player of the Year by the Newark Star-Ledger and recorded 50 goals and 83 points in his senior year of 2009–10. The Pittsburgh Penguins selected Agostino with their fifth round pick, 140th overall, at the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. Agostino committed to play college hockey for the Yale Bulldogs, and on January 2, 2011, became only the third freshman in school history to record a hat-trick; he added two assists to his three goals in the game to tie a school record with five points by a freshman in a 10–3 victory over the Holy Cross Crusaders. After finishing with 25 points in 2010–11, Agostino improved to 34 points in his sophomore season of 2011–12. As a junior, he was Yale's leading scorer with 41 points in 37 games. As he prepared for the 2013 Frozen Four national championship tournament, the Penguins traded Agostino's NHL rights. Pittsburgh also sent Ben Hanowski and a first round draft pick to the Calgary Flames in exchange for Jarome Iginla on March 27, 2013. Yale reached the championship game and defeated Quinnipiac 4–0 to win the first NCAA team championship of any sport in the school's history. Agostino considered turning professional following the win, but opted to return for his senior season with the Bulldogs. He completed his final season, 2013–14, with 32 points in 32 games. Over his four-year college career, Agostino recorded 132 points in 134 games. He turned professional at the conclusion of Yale's season and signed a two-year contract with the Flames worth $900,000 per season. Agostino made his NHL debut on March 21, 2014, in a 6–5 loss to the Nashville Predators. His first goal came on April 4, against goaltender Roberto Luongo in a 2–1 victory over the Florida Panthers.",1
Kilmarnock F.C.,"Kilmarnock F.C.  2005-01-11T10:34:34Z  Kilmarnock Football Club, founded in 1869 and nicknamed 'Killie' is the oldest professional football club in Scotland. Home matches are played at Rugby Park, Kilmarnock - an all-seater stadium with a capacity of 18,128. They are currently playing in the Scottish Premier League and are managed by Jim Jefferies. Traditional team colours are blue and white striped shirts, white shorts and socks. Kilmarnock's major honours include winning the Scottish Cup three times (1920, 1929 and 1997) and winning the Scottish League Division One Championship in season 1964/65. They competed the 2003/04 season in the Scottish Premier League. ,  Kilmarnock F.C.  2006-12-20T00:12:34Z  Kilmarnock Football Club is a Scottish football team based in the town of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. Founded in 1869, ""Killie"" are the oldest professional club in Scotland. Home matches are played at Rugby Park. They are currently members of the Scottish Premier League and are managed by Jim Jefferies. The club's foundation dates to the very earliest days of organised football in Scotland, when a group of local cricketers looking for a sporting pursuit to occupy them outwith the cricket season formed a football club in 1869. Originally they played rugby rules, but the difficulty in organising fixtures and the growing influence of Queen's Park F.C. soon persuaded them to adopt the association code instead. These origins are reflected to this day by the name of the club's home ground - Rugby Park. Although not amongst the founder members of the Scottish Football Association in 1873, Kilmarnock did join in time to compete in the inaugural Scottish Cup tournament in 1873-74. Their 2-0 defeat against Renton in the First Round on October 18 1873 is thought to have been the first match ever played in the competition. Kilmarnock joined the Scottish League in 1895 and after winning consecutive Second Division titles were elected to the top flight for the first time in 1899. For much of their history they have been one of the most successful clubs based outwith Scotland's major cities. They have reached the Scottish Cup final eight times, winning the trophy on three occasions. Despite four appearances in the final, they have yet to lift the Scottish League Cup. The club's greatest success was in 1965 under the management of Willie Waddell. On the final day of the season, they travelled to face Hearts at Tynecastle requiring a victory by two goals to nil (due to the competition being decided by goal average at that period if teams were equal on points) to win the league at their opponents' expense. A memorable 2-0 win saw Kilmarnock crowned Scottish League champions for the first, and to date only, time. This capped a period of tremendous consistency which had seen them occupy runners-up spot in four of the previous five seasons. After a period of decline in the 1980s which saw the club relegated to the Second Division, Killie have returned to prominence, holding top division status since being promoted in 1993 and lifting the Scottish Cup for the third time in 1997 thanks to a 1-0 victory over Falkirk in the final. The club have qualified for European competitions on nine occasions, their best performance coming in the 1966-67 Fairs Cup tournament when they progressed to the Semi-Finals, eventually being eliminated by Leeds United. Killie finished the 2005/06 season in 5th position, after a tremendous season in which they were at points challenging for 3rd place. However, after selling top scorer Kris Boyd to Rangers in January 2006 (who was the catalyst for the Glasgow club's fine run), Killie had to rely on goals from young attacking midfielder Steven Naismith, striker Colin Nish and winger Danny Invincibile. After taking only 1 point in the first four post-split games, Killie beat Hibernian 3-1 to leapfrog Aberdeen into 5th place. Kilmarnock started the 2006/07 season brightly despite losing 4-1 away to Celtic on the opening day. Young striker Steven Naismith scored a contender for goal of the season against Hibernian in August before going to Arsenal for a trial. Rangers dropped their first points to Killie in four years after a last-minute Naismith penalty earned a famous draw for Kilmarnock. In September Jefferies suffered his worst defeat as Killie manager after a 5-0 loss at Motherwell. Inconsistent results in the league has seen Kilmarnock flutter between 3rd and 8th in the league whilst a tremendous run in the League Cup has ensured a rare semi-final. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. start  end",1
"Ooh,_Yes_I_Do","Ooh,_Yes_I_Do  2009-07-27T16:30:48Z   Ooh, Yes I Do is the ninth single by the Dutch girl group Luv', released in the autumn of 1979 by CNR/Carrere Records. This song appears on the formation's third studio album True Luv'. It was a successful chart topper in the Benelux and Denmark and reached the Top 50 in Germany and France. The Spanish version of this pop track hit N°1 in Mexico. In the summer of 1979, Luv' and its producers and songwriters (Hans van Hemert and Piet Souer) decided to leave Philips Records/Phonogram Records (the record company which had released the group's records for two years). José Hoebee, Patty Brard, Marga Scheide and their team signed a 750 000 Dutch Guilder contract with a Dutch French joint venture between the labels CNR and Carrere Records. With this new deal, Luv's challenge was to prove that after one year and a half of mainstream success, the trio could still score hit records in the music charts. The formation's first single released by Carrere was Ooh, Yes I Do, a track composed and produced by Van Hemert. The song uses a melody inspired by the flute theme of ABBA's Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight). It became an instant hit. A Spanish version (entitled Si, Que Si) was recorded for the Latin American market and was a #1 single in Mexico where it reached the gold status. Ooh Yes I Do was a Mexican #1 hit, a Top 5 hit in Denmark and the Netherlands, a Top 10 record in Flanders (Belgium), a Top 30 song in Germany and a moderate chart topper in France. ,  Ooh,_Yes_I_Do  2010-11-12T20:37:39Z   Ooh, Yes I Do is the ninth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in the autumn of 1979 by CNR/Carrere Records. This song appears on the formation's third studio album True Luv'. It was a successful hit record in Benelux and Denmark and reached the Top 50 in Germany and France. The Spanish version of this pop track hit N°1 in Mexico. In the summer of 1979, Luv' and their producers and songwriters (Hans van Hemert and Piet Souer) decided to leave Philips/Phonogram Records (which had released the group's records for two years). José Hoebee, Patty Brard, Marga Scheide and their team signed a 750,000 Dutch Guilder contract with CNR affiliated to Carrere Records. With this new deal, Luv's challenge was to prove that after one year and a half of mainstream success, the trio could still score hit records in the music charts. The formation's first single released by Carrere was Ooh, Yes I Do, a track composed and produced by Van Hemert. The song uses a melody inspired by the flute theme of ABBA's Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight). It became an instant hit. A Spanish version (entitled Si, Que Si) was recorded for the Latin American market and was a #1 single in Mexico where it reached the gold status. Ooh Yes I Do was a Mexican #1 hit, a Top 5 hit in Denmark and the Netherlands, a Top 10 record in Flanders (Belgium), a Top 30 song in Germany and a moderate chart entry in France.",0
FK Sloboda Užice,"FK Sloboda Užice  2011-01-08T13:30:55Z  FK Sloboda Point Sevojno (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Слобода Пoинт Ceвojнo) is a football club from Užice, Serbia. In 2010 Sloboda merged Sevojno Point, which has just been promoted to Super Liga , and will play Super Liga, under new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno. The club was founded in 1925. In sports company, was founded in the spring of 1925, as the workers' sports club Užice Freedom, an initiative organized trade union workers and the implementation of Užice third decision Earth Conference Period. The founders were revolutionary Milos Markovic (who founded and FC workers Nis) and Joseph Siber. Basic sporting activity was a football. The first official match played 24th Freedom June 1926th against today's Workers in Kragujevac and played a draw. In 1929th club is a member of the Yugoslav football association and sports Worker community. Acting together with Kurt Abrašević spread the cultural and political influence in the city. Has been the very stronghold of Communist Party organization and its legal action. Under pressure from the name of the police in 1932 omitted the word labor. Although the investigation was still underway, the red flag again zalepršala first August of that year in a cliff hill above the town Bioktoš. They pointed out the players and officials of Liberty, V. Martinopvić and V. Rosić. December 1932, police banned the work of the club ""because of the spread of communist ideas,"" Most members of management and players joined the National Liberation War, in which many lost their lives. After the liberation of Užice (since 8 June, 1946 Tito Užice)was rebuilt first as Fiskulrurno company SlSloboda with sections for football boxing, karate, swimming and chess. For his work and expanding physical education in this area, awarded the Order of exercises for people with a golden star. To 2002. was played in another league, where they were dropped due to a reorganization of the competition. Since then and until 2010 the Third League. After Sevojno point in the season 2009/10. secure place in the Serbian Superliga, urban management and administration two clubs have agreed on a fusion of these two clubs. Separate assemblies Sevojno Point and Sloboda, 24 June, made official the merger Sevojno Sloboda Point. 29th June 2010, at City Hall in Užice, held the first formal session of the Assembly of the club. Club will continue the tradition of Freedom, the first town club, in terms of seats, club colors, the stadium and the establishment, and the league will play under the name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno. New Sevojno Football Club, the competition will start from the district league. Stadium FK Sloboda Point Sevojno Stadium on Begluk is the stadium with more purpose in Užice, Serbia. Stadium are currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FK Sloboda Point Sevojno. The stadium has a capacity for 12,000 spectators and was built in 1946. , while in 1980. reconstructed. After placement FC Sevojno the League of Serbia, Užice Sevojno and Sloboda are merged into one club, FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, and because the stadium in the future will be completely renovated in order to meet the criteria for first league playing games. On the existing stadium in Užice planned reconstruction of the entire western stands with 5200 seats and stands of northern and southern extension panels. There is also support reconstruction of the stadium. The project will finance the Government of the Republic of Serbia, together with the city authorities of Užice. As of August 2010. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers  FK Sloboda Užice,  FK Sloboda Užice  2012-12-24T12:35:33Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице), or simply Sloboda Užice or Sloboda, is a professional football club from Užice, Serbia. The name Sloboda means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice′s workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928/29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936/37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year latter, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May, in 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962/63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on February 19, 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League group East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the season 1987/88 by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991/92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Srpska Liga (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced its merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club plays in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on October 13, in 2011. The Užice City stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as Freedom Fighters (Serbian:Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also Slobodaši. They express their love for their city, club and region with lots of creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is "" Sloboda počinje"", which translates to ""Freedom begins"". Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers,  For summer transfers,  As of July 28, 2012 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players.",1
Theme_Song_from_'Which_Way_Is_Up',"Theme_Song_from_'Which_Way_Is_Up'  2012-01-06T14:12:57Z   ""(Theme Song From) Which Way Is Up?"" was a hit song by R&B female vocal group Stargard. The song was written and produced by Norman Whitfield and was the main theme from the soundtrack to the Richard Pryor movie, Which Way Is Up? It was also included on the group's self-titled debut album. It spent two weeks at number one on the R&B charts in February, 1978 and peaked at number twenty-one on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The single also peaked at number twelve on the disco charts. ,  Theme_Song_from_'Which_Way_Is_Up'  2013-02-12T09:28:11Z   ""(Theme Song from) Which Way Is Up?"" was a hit song by R&B female vocal group Stargard. The song was written and produced by Norman Whitfield and was the main theme from the soundtrack to the Richard Pryor movie, Which Way Is Up? It was also included on the group's self-titled debut album. It spent two weeks at number one on the R&B charts in February, 1978 and peaked at number twenty-one on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The single also peaked at number twelve on the disco charts.",0
K._Chidananda_Gowda,"K._Chidananda_Gowda  2009-11-28T05:47:17Z   Prof. K. Chidananda Gowda is the former Vice-Chancellor of the Kuvempu University, which is located in the state of Karnataka, India. He is also the son-in-law of the Kannada playwright, Kuvempu, after whom the Kuvempu University is named. He has published many papers, mainly in the field of pattern recognition. Prof. Chidananda Gowda was born in the village of Chockadi, near Sullia on June 15, 1942. He completed his graduation in Engineering from the University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering at Bangalore in 1964. He continued his studies and obtained a Master's degree in Engineering from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in 1969. He returned to Bangalore and completed his Phd from the Indian Institute of Science in 1979. He married Tarini, the second daughter of Kuvempu. He also spent two years at NASA, United States and one year at INRIA, France for conducting post-doctoral research. Prof. Chidananda Gowda joined the Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering in Mysore as a Professor in the Computer science department and later went on to head the department. He also served as the Vice Principal of the College for about 5 years and later as the Principal for about 1. 5 years. He was also a visiting professor at INRIA. He was appointed as the Vice-Chancellor of the Kuvempu University of 18 January, 2002, a post which he held till 19 January, 2006. He has chaired technical conferences at Zurich, Paris, Tokyo and Luxembourg. He is currently a Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at the International School of Information Management, University of Mysore, Mysore. Many also refer to him as the father of Symbolic Data Analysis in the English speaking world. During his tenure as the Vice-Chancellor, he had to face tough situations like the allegation that the University colleges were being used as a training centre for Naxalites. He is credited to have improved the infrastructure at the University. He also was responsible for starting new departments of business administration, microbiology, biochemistry in the University. The distance education program saw a significant growth in his tenure. He has also authored books in Kannada and English. Some of his Kannada books include Engineering Geetegalu (Engineering Songs - 1980), Putaanigala Vignyana Padyagalu (Poems on Science for kids - 1984) and Samparka Madhyamagalu (Communication media - 1999). Prof. Chidananda Gowda was awarded the Kannada Sahitya Akademi award for his book, Putaanigala Vignyana Padyagalu in 1986. He was also given the M. Visveswaraya Technical Award in 1995 for his contributions to engineering. ,  K._Chidananda_Gowda  2011-04-22T11:51:39Z   Prof. K. Chidananda Gowda is the former Vice-Chancellor of the Kuvempu University, which is located in the state of Karnataka, India. He is also the son-in-law of the Kannada playwright, Kuvempu, after whom the Kuvempu University is named. He has published many papers, mainly in the field of pattern recognition. Prof. Chidananda Gowda was born in the village of Chockadi, near Sullia on June 15, 1942. He completed his graduation in Engineering from the University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering at Bangalore in 1964. He continued his studies and obtained a Master's degree in Engineering from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in 1969. He returned to Bangalore and completed his Phd from the Indian Institute of Science in 1979. He married Tarini, the second daughter of Kuvempu. He also spent two years at NASA, United States and one year at INRIA, France for conducting post-doctoral research. Prof. Chidananda Gowda joined the Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering in Mysore as a Professor in the Computer science department and later went on to head the department. He also served as the Vice Principal of the College for about 5 years and later as the Principal for about 1. 5 years. He was also a visiting professor at INRIA. He was appointed as the Vice-Chancellor of the Kuvempu University of 18 January, 2002, a post which he held till 19 January, 2006. He has chaired technical conferences at Zurich, Paris, Tokyo and Luxembourg. He is currently a Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at the International School of Information Management, University of Mysore, Mysore. Many also refer to him as the father of Symbolic Data Analysis in the English speaking world. During his tenure as the Vice-Chancellor, he had to face tough situations like the allegation that the University colleges were being used as a training centre for Naxalites. He is credited to have improved the infrastructure at the University. He also was responsible for starting new departments of business administration, microbiology, biochemistry in the University. The distance education program saw a significant growth in his tenure. He has also authored books in Kannada and English. Some of his Kannada books include Engineering Geetegalu (Engineering Songs - 1980), Putaanigala Vignyana Padyagalu (Poems on Science for kids - 1984) and Samparka Madhyamagalu (Communication media - 1999). Prof. Chidananda Gowda was awarded the Kannada Sahitya Akademi award for his book, Putaanigala Vignyana Padyagalu in 1986. He was also given the M. Visveswaraya Technical Award in 1995 for his contributions to engineering. Template:Persondata",0
Nordic_Orthopaedic_Federation,"Nordic_Orthopaedic_Federation  2009-10-20T09:00:12Z   The Nordic Orthopaedic Federation is the orthopaedic federation for the Nordic and other Northern European countries. It was founded 1919. The current President is Richard Wallensten of Karolinska University Hospital. The federation consists of the following national orthopaedic associations:,  Nordic_Orthopaedic_Federation  2020-04-28T16:21:01Z   The Nordic Orthopaedic Federation is the orthopaedic federation for the Nordic and other Northern European countries. It was founded 1919. The current president is Richard Wallensten of Karolinska University Hospital. The federation consists of the following national orthopaedic associations:",0
"Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)","Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)  2018-01-28T10:14:22Z  Slavic name Plamen Ivanov Iliev (Bulgarian: Пламен Илиев; born 30 November 1991) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Romanian club Astra Giurgiu and the Bulgaria national team. In his youth years in Botevgrad, Iliev started to play football at Balkan. He joined Vidima-Rakovski when he was fourteen years old and signed his first professional contract in 2009. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Iliev was added to Vidima's senior squad by manager Dimitar Todorov. He made his B Group debut in the starting line-up on 8 August 2009 in a 1-1 draw against Kom-Minyor. During the season he became first choice goalkeeper and earned 23 appearances, helping his team to win promotion to the A Group. Iliev was also the first choice keeper for the team from Sevlievo in the first half of the 2010–11 season and earned praise for his performances. On 17 December 2010, Iliev was sold to Levski Sofia. He made his debut for Levski against Lokomotiv Sofia on 6 March 2011, with Iliev succeeding in keeping a clean sheet. On 6 April 2012, Iliev was appointed as Levski's captain, but will be vice-captain for the 2012–13 season, as new coach Ilian Iliev decided to give the captain's armband to Stanislav Angelov. On 14 September 2012, Iliev signed a new contract keeping him at the club until 2016. On 5 June 2015, Iliev moved abroad for the first time, agreeing to a three-year deal with Romanian top-flight team FC Botoșani. Following his good display at Botoșani, Iliev was signed by defending champions Astra Giurgiu on 1 February 2017. He kept a clean sheet in his competitive debut against CSM Politehnica Iași, with Astra conceding two goals before his substitution. On 3 April, Iliev saved two penalties in six minutes, but in an eventual 1–2 home loss to Viitorul Constanța. After being mainly amongst the reserves for the majority of 2016-17 season, Iliev is now the starting GK for Astra. Since 2010 Iliev has been a regular with the Bulgaria U21 side, gradually becoming first choice, taking over from Stefano Kunchev. On 11 October 2011, he was sent off in the last minute of Bulgaria's 3–2 win against Luxembourg U21 in a 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualifier after an altercation with Tom Laterza. Iliev was subsequently banned for 3 matches. Iliev has also been called up to the senior team of his country on a number of occasions, and made his debut on 29 May 2012, in the 0–2 loss against Turkey in a friendly match after replacing Stoyan Kolev in the 76th minute. Iliev appeared as a starter for the first time in the 2–1 win over Kazakhstan in another exhibition match held on 4 June 2013, managing to keep a clean sheet, with Bulgaria conceding after his replacement. On 31 August 2017, he saved a penalty taken by Emil Forsberg and the subsequent shot from the rebound in the 16th minute of the game in a historical 3-2 home win against Sweden. Astra Giurgiu squad,  Plamen Iliev (footballer, born 1991)  2019-12-13T07:35:29Z  Plamen Iliev (Bulgarian: Пламен Илиев; born 30 November 1991) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ludogorets Razgrad and the Bulgarian national team. Iliev spent his early years with his hometown club Balkan Botevgrad, before joining Vidima-Rakovski's youth academy in 2006. He made his professional debut in 2009 at the age of 17 and quickly became a regular starter. In December 2010, Iliev moved to Levski Sofia for an undisclosed fee. Four and a half years later he signed for Romanian club Botoșani. In February 2017, he moved to Astra Giurgiu where he stayed two years before he returned to Bulgaria to join up with Ludogorets Razgrad. A former regular for Bulgaria at Under-21 level, Iliev made his senior international debut in May 2012. In his youth years in Botevgrad, Iliev started to play football at Balkan. He joined Vidima-Rakovski when he was fourteen years old and signed his first professional contract in 2009. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Iliev was added to Vidima's senior squad by manager Dimitar Todorov. He made his B Group debut in the starting line-up on 8 August 2009 in a 1-1 draw against Kom-Minyor. During the season he became first choice goalkeeper and earned 23 appearances, helping his team to win promotion to the A Group. Iliev was also the first choice keeper for the team from Sevlievo in the first half of the 2010–11 season and earned praise for his performances. On 17 December 2010, Iliev was sold to Levski Sofia. He made his debut for Levski against Lokomotiv Sofia on 6 March 2011, with Iliev succeeding in keeping a clean sheet. On 6 April 2012, Iliev was appointed as Levski's captain, but became vice-captain for the 2012–13 season, as new coach Ilian Iliev decided to give the captain's armband to Stanislav Angelov. On 14 September 2012, Iliev signed a new contract keeping him at the club until 2016. On 5 June 2015, Iliev moved abroad for the first time, agreeing to a three-year deal with Romanian top-flight team FC Botoșani. Following his good display at Botoșani, Iliev was signed by defending champions Astra Giurgiu on 1 February 2017. He kept a clean sheet in his competitive debut against Politehnica Iași, with Astra conceding two goals before his substitution. On 3 April, Iliev saved two penalties in six minutes, but in an eventual 1–2 home loss to Viitorul Constanța. After the departure of Silviu Lung Jr. to Kayserispor in the summer of 2017, Iliev became the starting goalkeeper for Astra. On 7 January 2019, Ludogorets Razgrad confirmed that Iliev had signed a preliminary contract under the Bosman ruling and is set to join the team as a free agent in June 2019 if the negotiations between Astra and Ludogorets in January didn't end with a transfer agreement, but on 12 January the teams reached an agreement and Iliev joined the team for an undisclosed fee. Since 2010 Iliev has been a regular with the Bulgaria U21 side, gradually becoming first choice, taking over from Stefano Kunchev. On 11 October 2011, he was sent off in the last minute of Bulgaria's 3–2 win against Luxembourg U21 in a 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualifier after an altercation with Tom Laterza. Iliev was subsequently banned for 3 matches. Iliev received his first call-up to the senior team of his country in 2011 and made his debut on 29 May 2012, in the 0–2 loss against Turkey in a friendly match after replacing Stoyan Kolev in the 76th minute. Iliev appeared as a starter for the first time in the 2–1 win over Kazakhstan in another exhibition match held on 4 June 2013, managing to keep a clean sheet, with Bulgaria conceding after his replacement. On 31 August 2017, he saved a penalty taken by Emil Forsberg and the subsequent shot from the rebound in the 16th minute of the game in a historical 3-2 home win against Sweden. Iliev established himself as the first choice goalkeeper during Petar Houbchev's tenure as manager.",1
Elias Toufexis,"Elias Toufexis  2017-01-17T03:14:29Z  Elias Toufexis has become an actor with a fan base and cult following around the world. He has played dozens of major characters on television in shows like: LOST GIRL, ALPHAS, STARGATE ATLANTIS, SMALLVILLE, BITTEN, HOUDINI & DOYLE, and particularly memorable characters on: SUPERNATURAL & THE EXPANSE Elias has amassed quite a following in the Science Fiction/Fantasy community. But TV and film is only half of what Elias is known for. In the videogame world, Elias has played the leading characters in many multi-million dollar projects. ASSASSIN'S CREED SERIES, FAR CRY SERIES, DEUS EX SERIES, SPLINTER CELL SERIES and dozens more... ​ He does not only voice these characters but completely performs them through Motion/Performance Capture. ( Elias has also branched out his performance capture work to television and film characters.) Playing the leading character of ADAM JENSEN in The DEUS EX series has brought Elias the most fame. The original sold 4 Million+ units (making more than 280 Million) and now it has spawned sequels and an entire entertainment universe, from multiple games to books to comics, bringing Elias even more attention. He is also the lead character of TAKKAR in the FAR CRY PRIMAL game. Another leading character in an incredibly popular franchise. The 6th title of this multi-million dollar series. Elias has been invited and has attended Fan Conventions & ComicCons around the world. Including: San Diego Comiccon, Fan Expo Canada, London MCM Comiccon, Houston Comiccon, Montreal Comiccon, New York Comiccon, Sacramento Anime Con, Salt Lake City GameCon, Seattle PAX, Boston PAX, Manchester MCM Comiccon and more. He has done multiple panels at each Con and has signed autographs and taken pictures with fans for hours on end. He graduated high school in 1994 and went on to obtain a Diploma of College Studies in Theater from Dawson College in Montreal in 2000. In 2001 he moved to New York City. After a little over a year and a handful of off-on Broadway and fringe festival plays, he returned to Montreal, broke. He played Roger, the second lead role in the Canadian science fiction comedy film Decoys. The film was not successful but it gave him enough money to move to Vancouver, Canada and pursue acting there. Elias acted in small roles at first, eventually playing Morton in the made-for-television film The Five People You Meet In Heaven based on a book by Mitch Albom, in which he worked alongside Jon Voight, Michael Imperioli and Jeff Daniels. He then played Webber in a popular episode of Supernatural. Webber was an ""evil twin with mind control powers"" and it was a very well liked (or disliked) character. He followed that with his second appearance on Smallville (the first was a one line walk on) as the character Bronson, who could travel between radio frequencies and kidnaps Lex Luthor. His third character on Smallville was Emil Lasalle a.k.a. Warp, a member of the Suicide Squad from DC Comics. He has played the ""villain of the week"" on shows like The Listener, Painkiller Jane, Flashpoint, Flash Gordon, Stargate Atlantis and Lost Girl. He started his video game voice-over and performance capture career in 2007 with Rainbow Six: Vegas 2. He has since worked on multiple video games including some motion capture. His two most popular characters are Andriy Kobin and Adam Jensen. Kobin is one of the villains in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction where Elias developed a cult following due to his manic and humorous performance. He reprised the role, this time as a main supporting character, in a far more expanded role, in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist. Adam Jensen is the main character in Deus Ex: Human Revolution; Toufexis' wife Michelle Boback had a major supporting role in this game as scientist Megan Reed. Elias has publicly stated that he is a fan of the Deus Ex series, particularly the Deus Ex released in 2000. He played the lead role in Far Cry Primal, a spin-off of the Far Cry series. Toufexis reprised his role as Jensen in Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, a sequel to Human Revolution. ,  Elias Toufexis  2018-11-27T19:11:21Z  Elias Toufexis (born October 27, 1975) is an actor in television, film, theatre, voice and performance capture. He has become an actor with a fan base and cult-following around the world. He has played dozens of major characters on television, most notably in the Science Fiction and Fantasy genres. His career in the world of voice-over and performance capture is extensive with multiple performance capture roles in films, TV shows and videogames and numerous voice-overs in cartoons and commercials. He lives in Los Angeles, California. He graduated high school in 1994 and went on to obtain a Diploma of College Studies in Theater from Dawson College in Montreal in 2000. In 2001 he moved to New York City. After a little over a year and a handful of off-on Broadway and fringe festival plays, he returned to Montreal, broke. He played Roger, the second lead role in the Canadian science fiction comedy film Decoys. The film was not successful but it gave him enough money to move to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and pursue acting there. Elias acted in small roles at first, eventually playing Morton in the made-for-television film The Five People You Meet In Heaven based on a book by Mitch Albom, in which he worked alongside Jon Voight, Michael Imperioli and Jeff Daniels. He then played Webber in a popular episode of Supernatural. Webber was an ""evil twin with mind control powers"" and it was a very well liked (or disliked) character. He followed that with his second appearance on Smallville (the first was a one line walk on) as the character Bronson, who could travel between radio frequencies and kidnaps Lex Luthor. His third character on Smallville was Emil Lasalle a.k.a. Warp, a member of the Suicide Squad from DC Comics. He has since played the ""villain of the week"" on shows like Criminal Minds,The Listener, Painkiller Jane, Flashpoint, Flash Gordon, Stargate Atlantis, Lost Girl, Houdini & Doyle One of his most popular projects is his work on The Expanse where he played two major characters. In season one he played the role of Kenzo Gabriel, the spy that joins the crew of the Rocinante. In season two he played, by performance capture, the role of the Hybrid creature or ""The Seventh Man"". He started his video game voice-over and performance capture career in 2007 with Rainbow Six: Vegas 2. He has since worked on multiple video games including an extensive amount of performance capture. His two most popular characters are Andriy Kobin and Adam Jensen. Kobin is one of the villains in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction where Elias developed a cult following due to his manic and humorous performance. He reprised the role, this time as a main supporting character, in a far more expanded role, in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist. Adam Jensen is the main character in Deus Ex: Human Revolution; Toufexis' wife Michelle Boback had a major supporting role in this game as scientist Megan Reed. Elias has publicly stated that he is a fan of the Deus Ex series, particularly the Deus Ex released in 2000. Toufexis was cast to play as the protagonist of Far Cry 3, Jason Brody. However, he was replaced by another voice actor Gianpaolo Venuta after he worked on the role for two years, as the publisher of the game did not want players to confuse Brody with Jensen. He played the lead role in Far Cry Primal, a spin-off of the Far Cry series. Toufexis reprised his role as Jensen in Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, a sequel to Human Revolution. On February 28, 2018, Toufexis announced on Twitter that he was voicing a character in the new BattleTech video game by Harebrained Schemes, stating that he had sought out a role and was accepted. That character was later revealed to be Commodore Samuel Ostergaard of the Taurian Concordat Navy, a primary antagonist in the game. He performance captures King Leonidas and The Wolf Of Sparta, Nikolaos in Assassin's Creed Odyssey He presently resides in Los Angeles with his wife and two children.",1
Nathan Fillion,"Nathan Fillion  2004-04-11T08:42:25Z  Actor Nathan Fillion was born on 1971-03-27 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and is reportedly a distant relation of Confederate civil war general Jubal Early. After working in several theatre, television and film productions, Nathan moved to New York in 1994 where he acted in the soap opera One Life to Live, for which he was nominated in 1996 for a Daytime Emmy in the Outstanding younger leading man category. After moving to Los Angeles and played in the sitcom Two guys and a girl. He was ""the wrong Ryan"" in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan; and starred as Captain Malcolm Reynolds in Joss Whedon's science fiction television series Firefly for which he won the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA's Cinescape genre face of the future award, male award. Nathan had a recurring role on Whedon's series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and is slated to reprise his role as Reynolds in Whedon's movie Serenity. ,  Nathan Fillion  2005-12-02T23:19:38Z  Nathan Fillion (born March 27, 1971 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) is a Canadian actor. He is reportedly a distant relation of Confederate civil war general Jubal Early. After working in several theatre, television and film productions, including the improvised soap opera Die Nasty, Fillion moved to New York City in 1994 where he acted in the soap opera One Life to Live as Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated in 1996 for a Daytime Emmy in the ""Outstanding Younger Actor"" category. In 1997, he left the series to pursue other projects. After moving to Los Angeles, he played in the sitcom Two Guys, a Girl, and a Pizza Place, and he was ""the wrong Ryan"" in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan. Fillion starred as Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the Joss Whedon science fiction television series Firefly (2002), for which he won the ""Cinescape Genre Face of the Future Award - Male"" award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA. He also had a recurring role as Caleb in the final season of Whedon's series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. He has also lent his voice to the cartoon King of the Hill in 2001, and the video game Jade Empire and the animated series Justice League Unlimited (as Vigilante in the episode ""Hunter's Moon"") in 2005. Fillion reprised his role as Reynolds in Whedon's movie Serenity (2005). He has recently been cast in the James Gunn horror film Slither.",1
TSG Backnang 1919,"TSG Backnang 1919  2014-07-11T08:02:35Z  The TSG Backnang Fussball is a German association football club from the city of Backnang, Baden-Württemberg. The clubs most notable time was between 1965 and 1976, when it reached as far as Germany's second division for one season. The club is one of four legally independent entities of the mother club TSG Backnang 1846. The TSG Backnang was formed on 9 May 1846 as a gymnastics club. Independently from this club, the FV Backnang formed in 1919 as a football club. It existed as such until the end of the Second World War, when the occupation authorities banned all pre-war sport associations and new ones had to be formed. In Backnang, the Sportvereinigung Backnang was formed, which included a number of pre-war associations, including the footballers. Eventually, the club returned to the original name of the gymnastics club, TSG. The club did not break through to the higher reaches of German football until 1965, when it earned promotion to the tier-three Amateurliga Nordwürttemberg, where it finished fifth in its first season. The year after, the TSG came second in the league, behind the VfB Stuttgart Amateure, the second team of VfB which was not entitled to promotion to the professional Regionalliga Süd. It was therefore TSG Backnang who took their place in the promotion round, where the team finished first on equal points with the Offenburger FV. In a promotion decider, TSG won 1–0 and earned promotion to the second division. On 21 November 1967, the club separated into four independent departments, one of them the football department. The reason for this was the promotion of the football team to the Regionalliga, a professional league, which had financial and legal implications for the club that the other departments did not want to carry. TSG only lasted for one season on the professional level, finishing second-last and being relegated back to the Amateurliga again. It came third in its first season back in the Amateurliga in 1968–69, after this it became a mid-table side in the league in the following seasons. After a number of good years, the TSG finished 16th in the league in 1976 and was relegated to the fourth tier. After this, TSG Backnang disappeared into the lower amateur leagues until 1983, playing in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 (V), when it archived promotion to the tier-four Verbandsliga Württemberg. It played at this level for nine seasons, before being relegated again, without truly coming close to promotion to the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg. In 1991, the club won the Württemberg Cup, beating SSV Reutlingen 1–0. After a three-year absence, it returned to the Verbandsliga in 1995, played there for three years, after which they were relegated again. TSG made one more return to the Verbandsliga for the 2003–04 season but was relegated again immediately. After that, the club played in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 as an upper table side until winning the league in 2014 and earning promotion back to the Verbandsliga. The club's honours: The recent season-by-season performance of the club:,  TSG Backnang 1919  2015-06-09T21:00:50Z  The TSG Backnang Fussball is a German association football club from the city of Backnang, Baden-Württemberg. The clubs most notable time was between 1965 and 1976, when it reached as far as Germany's second division for one season. The club is one of four legally independent entities of the mother club TSG Backnang 1846. The TSG Backnang was formed on 9 May 1846 as a gymnastics club. Independently from this club, the FV Backnang formed in 1919 as a football club. It existed as such until the end of the Second World War, when the occupation authorities banned all pre-war sport associations and new ones had to be formed. In Backnang, the Sportvereinigung Backnang was formed, which included a number of pre-war associations, including the footballers. Eventually, the club returned to the original name of the gymnastics club, TSG. The club did not break through to the higher reaches of German football until 1965, when it earned promotion to the tier-three Amateurliga Nordwürttemberg, where it finished fifth in its first season. The year after, the TSG came second in the league, behind the VfB Stuttgart Amateure, the second team of VfB which was not entitled to promotion to the professional Regionalliga Süd. It was therefore TSG Backnang who took their place in the promotion round, where the team finished first on equal points with the Offenburger FV. In a promotion decider, TSG won 1–0 and earned promotion to the second division. On 21 November 1967, the club separated into four independent departments, one of them the football department. The reason for this was the promotion of the football team to the Regionalliga, a professional league, which had financial and legal implications for the club that the other departments did not want to carry. TSG only lasted for one season on the professional level, finishing second-last and being relegated back to the Amateurliga again. It came third in its first season back in the Amateurliga in 1968–69, after this it became a mid-table side in the league in the following seasons. After a number of good years, the TSG finished 16th in the league in 1976 and was relegated to the fourth tier. After this, TSG Backnang disappeared into the lower amateur leagues until 1983, playing in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 (V), when it achieved promotion to the tier-four Verbandsliga Württemberg. It played at this level for nine seasons, before being relegated again, without truly coming close to promotion to the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg. In 1991, the club won the Württemberg Cup, beating SSV Reutlingen 1–0. After a three-year absence, it returned to the Verbandsliga in 1995, played there for three years, after which they were relegated again. TSG made one more return to the Verbandsliga for the 2003–04 season but was relegated again immediately. After that, the club played in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 as an upper table side until winning the league in 2014 and earning promotion back to the Verbandsliga. The club's honours: The recent season-by-season performance of the club:",1
Stephen Dorff,"Stephen Dorff  2004-05-30T10:19:59Z  Stephen Dorff (b July 29, 1973) is an american actor who became famous for his part as evil Deacon Frost in the vampire movie Blade (1998). ,  Stephen Dorff  2005-12-28T06:21:58Z  Stephen Dorff (born July 29, 1973) is an American actor. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA to a Jewish father (composer Steve Dorff) and a Christian mother, Dorff was raised in Los Angeles, where his father worked as a film composer. Stephen started acting in television, guest roles. He appeared in shows such as Diff'rent Strokes, Rosanna, Married With Children, Blossom and some television movies like In Love and War, I Know My First Name Is Steven, A Son's Promise, Do You Know The Muffin Man? and What A Dummy. He was also in the first digitally downloadable movie Quantum Project. Today, he is most famous for his part as evil Deacon Frost in the vampire movie Blade (1998). (Even though, he has worked as an actor for over 12 years.) Blade was the third most successful movie in 1998. For research on the movie Blade, Dorff went to goth, vampires clubs. He stated that he didn't like it. Fans of horror movies may remember him from The Gate (1987) (his first major film.) Dorff also played the role of drag queen Candy Darling in I Shot Andy Warhol (1996), a film about Valerie Solanas, the woman infamous for shooting pop-art icon Andy Warhol. He had to shave his legs and wax his eyebrows to play the part. In 1996 he starred in the movie Space Trucker, which was considered to be the worst movie ever. It is said that he is most proud of the movie Backbeat (1994) ""and not so proud of"" Judgment Night (1993). Dorff appeared in over 35 music videos. He starred in Rollin' by Limp Bizkit and just recently starred in the video to Britney Spears' 2004 single Everytime. In his younger days, Dorff has been linked to have dated Drew Barrymore, in third grade, to his first serious girlfriend, Courtney Wagner. The daughter of Robert Wagner and Natalie Wood. They were known to be madly in love at age of 18. He later briefly dated Clueless star, Alicia Silverstone. They both appeared in the music video ""Cryin'"" by Aerosmith. He has also dated Milla Jovovich, who starred opposite Bruce Willis in Fifth Element; as well as model Rhea Durham for about 2 years (who has a child with Mark Wahlberg), a woman named Eugenie (with him during the release of his movie Riders in France); model May Anderson (July 2003 to April/May 2004); model Shannan Click (Aug. 2004 to Nov. 2004). Most recently, he also dated Pamela Anderson for five months (Dec 2004 to end/beginning of Apr/May 2005).",1
DtSearch,"DtSearch  2009-09-27T02:39:34Z   dtSearch Corp. is a software company which specializes in text retrieval software. It was founded in 1991, and is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. Its current range of software includes products for Enterprise Desktop search, Intranet/Internet spidering and search, and search engines for developers (SDK) to integrate into other software applications. dtSearch Corp was founded by David Thede; the company started research and development in text retrieval in 1988 and incorporated in Virginia in 1991 as D T Software. Marketing of dtSearch 1. 0 a DOS Text Retrieval software product began in the first quarter of 1991. Initially it was distributed as Association of Shareware Professionals-approved shareware. The product was featured in an article entitled ""Text Retrieval Software"" in an early edition of PC Magazine as a shareware alternative to the commercial products reviewed; these included ISYS, ZyIndex, Strix, AskSAM, ideaList, Assassin PC, Folio Views and Lotus SmartText. In 2007 the company was listed in the EContent 100 list, a list of companies that matter most in the digital content industry. The current (v 7. 5) product range is Unicode-based and has an index that can handle over 1 TB of data per index. ,  DtSearch  2011-02-14T23:00:33Z   dtSearch Corp. is a software company which specializes in text retrieval software. It was founded in 1991, and is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. Its current range of software includes products for Enterprise Desktop search, Intranet/Internet spidering and search, and search engines for developers (SDK) to integrate into other software applications. dtSearch Corp was founded by David Thede; the company started research and development in text retrieval in 1988 and incorporated in Virginia in 1991 as D T Software. Marketing of dtSearch 1. 0 a DOS Text Retrieval software product began in the first quarter of 1991. Initially it was distributed as Association of Shareware Professionals-approved shareware. The product was featured in an article entitled ""Text Retrieval Software"" in an early edition of PC Magazine as a shareware alternative to the commercial products reviewed; these included ISYS, ZyIndex, Strix, AskSAM, ideaList, Assassin PC, Folio Views and Lotus SmartText. In 2007 the company was listed in the EContent 100 list, a list of companies that matter most in the digital content industry. The current (v 7. 5) product range is Unicode-based and has an index that can handle over 1 TB of data per index.",0
Rob Lowe,"Rob Lowe  2015-01-04T07:29:49Z  Robert Hepler ""Rob"" Lowe (/ˈrɒb ˈloʊ/; born March 17, 1964) is an American film and television actor. He garnered fame after appearing in such films as The Outsiders, Oxford Blues, About Last Night..., St. Elmo's Fire, Wayne's World, Tommy Boy, and Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me. On television, he played Sam Seaborn on The West Wing, Senator Robert McCallister on Brothers & Sisters and Chris Traeger in Parks and Recreation. Most recently, Lowe played the role of President John F. Kennedy in Killing Kennedy, a made-for-television movie that premiered November 10, 2013 on National Geographic Channel. Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of Barbara Lynn (née Hepler), a schoolteacher and native of Ohio, and Charles Davis Lowe, a trial lawyer. His parents divorced when Lowe and his younger brother, actor Chad, were very young. Lowe also has two half-brothers. Because of a virus during infancy, he is deaf in his right ear (he later played a deaf character in Stephen King's The Stand). Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. He is of German, English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. He was raised in a ""traditional midwestern setting"" in Dayton, Ohio, attending Oakwood Junior High School, before moving to the Point Dume area of Malibu, California with his mother and brother. Lowe attended Santa Monica High School, the same high school as fellow actors Emilio Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Robert Downey, Jr., Sean Penn, and Chris Penn. One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV film Thursday's Child, for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. His first big screen debut, and consequently his breakthrough, came in 1983, when he and Emilio Estevez were cast in Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders. Lowe played the role of Sodapop Curtis, the brother of the main character Ponyboy Curtis (C. Thomas Howell) and Darrel Curtis (Patrick Swayze). Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire, making them the two more prominent actors from the group known as the Brat Pack. About Last Night... followed, with Demi Moore (who had starred with Lowe in St. Elmo's Fire). He then received his second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). Lowe is well known for playing Sam Seaborn in the television series The West Wing from 1999 to 2003. His performance in the show garnered Lowe a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. Lowe was drawn to the role because of his personal love of politics, and his longstanding personal relationship with Martin Sheen, Emilio Estevez's father, who was cast as President Bartlet. When the show premiered, Seaborn was considered the lead, and the pilot centered on the character. But the acclaimed cast of the show—including Allison Janney, Richard Schiff, Dulé Hill, John Spencer, Bradley Whitford, Martin Sheen (whose President Bartlet was initially scripted as a small role) and Stockard Channing (whose First Lady was initially scripted as a guest role)— were all strong actors and eventually Lowe's character was no longer the lead. Lowe and series creator Aaron Sorkin soon found themselves at odds over the network's meddling with the show, most notably the network demanding changes in the Sam Seaborn character. Eventually, Lowe left the series, not long before Sorkin and director/executive producer Thomas Schlamme unceremoniously quit over a dispute with NBC. During the final season of The West Wing, Lowe returned to his role of Sam Seaborn, appearing in two of the final four episodes. In 2011, Lowe appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and stated that he left the show because he did not feel he was being respected, when the other lead characters received a raise and he did not. After leaving the show, Lowe was star and executive producer of a failed NBC drama, The Lyon's Den (2003). In 2004, he tried again in a series entitled Dr. Vegas, but it also was quickly canceled. In 2005, he starred as Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee in a London West End production of Sorkin's play A Few Good Men, the first time the two had worked together since The West Wing. Although Lowe had expressed unhappiness about his decreased role on that show at the time of his departure, he has now repeatedly said that any animosity between them is over and that he was pleased to be working once more with Sorkin, whose talents as a writer Lowe highly regards. Lowe passed on the role of Dr. Derek Shepherd of Grey's Anatomy, which eventually went to Patrick Dempsey. Despite his two canceled TV series and flops like View From the Top and the made-for-TV movie Perfect Strangers during his post–West Wing run, Lowe found success in the TV miniseries genre. 2004 marked his return to this genre; he had appeared in 1994's The Stand, based on Stephen King's book of the same name. In 2004 Lowe starred in the TNT remake of the Stephen King miniseries Salem's Lot which was the highest rated cable program of that summer and the highest ratings TNT original programming had at the time. In 2005 Lowe starred in the miniseries Beach Girls on the Lifetime network, based on the Luanne Rice novel of the same name. The series premiere received the highest ratings for a movie premiere in Lifetime history. In that same year, Lowe filmed his role as a movie agent in the 2006 independent film Thank You for Smoking. In 2006 he filmed The Perfect Day for TNT, in which he took a pay cut to film in New Orleans in order to help the hurricane-ravaged area. That same year, Lowe filmed Stir of Echoes: The Homecoming, the sequel to the 1999 Kevin Bacon thriller Stir of Echoes. In 2006, it was announced that Lowe would join the cast of Brothers & Sisters for a guest run of several episodes. In January 2007, ABC announced that Lowe would be staying on Brothers and Sisters as a ""special guest star"" for the rest of Season 1 after Lowe's initial appearance on the show in November 2006 brought the best ratings and demographic showing for the show since its premiere. Soon after ABC announced an early Season 2 renewal for Brother & Sisters in March 2007, Lowe announced he would be returning for the show's second season. He continued to appear in the series until the end of the 2009–2010 season. Unhappy with the stories and his lack of screen time in the fourth season, Lowe announced he would leave. In an episode broadcast on May 16, 2010, his character was part of a multi-vehicle crash involving a large truck and was put into a coma, the storyline was wrapped up in the first episode of the fifth season; Lowe did not appear in the episode. In June 2006, he was the guest host for an episode in the third series of The Friday Night Project for the United Kingdom's Channel 4. Lowe has also appeared in a televised advertisement for 'Visit California', along with other celebrities including Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. (In the advertisement campaign, he was usually pictured in a white tee-shirt printed with the California state flag.) Lowe had a supporting role in the 2009 movie The Invention of Lying and a leading role in Too Late to Say Goodbye. In 2010, he appeared in the biography of the Brat Packers called: Brat Pack: Where Are They Now? He also appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. Lowe is currently teaming up with 44 Blue to produce a reality series entitled Potomac Fever about young adults living in Washington, D.C. In July 2010, it was announced that Lowe would be providing the voice for the superhero Captain Marvel in the upcoming animated series, Young Justice. It was also announced in July 2010 that Lowe would become a series regular on the series Parks and Recreation. In 2011, Lowe guest starred in a recurring role on Showtime's comedy Californication. Lowe featured as the troubled but in-demand actor Eddie Nero – a character based upon ""about ten people"", according to Lowe but somewhat contradicted by sources at Showtime itself – employed to portray Hank in a film version of his book, Fucking and Punching. In 2014, Lowe will star in the satircal thriller Pocket Listing and is also expected to star in the pilot for the single-camera comedy The Pro as Ben Bertrahm, a former professional tennis player. In 2014, Lowe narrated, The ’90s: The Last Great Decade? , on National Geographic Channel, which aired in July. In 2011, Lowe wrote a memoir titled Stories I Only Tell My Friends, which was released in May 2011. During his promotional tour for Stories I Only Tell My Friends, Lowe told Australian radio show The Kyle & Jackie O Show that during his five-day press visit to Australia in 1990, he was so badly affected by the overuse of pain-killers that the only two things he remembers from the trip was being at the Sydney Zoo and getting a tattoo, although he states in his book that he does not remember getting the tattoo. In 2014, Lowe wrote a second book titled Love Life, which was released in April of 2014. He uses stories and observations from his life in a poignant and humorous series of true tales about men and women, art and commerce, fathers and sons, addiction and recovery, and sex and love. Lowe, a little-known actor at the time, and Little House on the Prairie actress Melissa Gilbert briefly met at age 14 in 1978 in the halls of the CBS Television Studios. In 1981, when both were 17, Gilbert spotted Lowe stopped at the red light next to her car and the two began dating. During the filming The Hotel New Hampshire (1984), Lowe began an affair with Nastassja Kinski. According to Gilbert, she caught Lowe in Kinski's hotel room and then slept with Lowe's then-best friend, John Cusack out of revenge. Lowe broke up with Gilbert in 1986 when he began dating Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, but when the relationship with the princess ended, Gilbert and Lowe reunited. The two quickly got engaged and were to be married in the summer of 1987. But when Gilbert informed Lowe that she was pregnant, he broke up with her for good. Gilbert claims she miscarried several days later. Lowe married Sheryl Berkoff in July 1991. They met each other in 1983 on a blind date, and again in 1989 when Lowe was filming Bad Influence. The couple has two sons: Matthew Edward Lowe (b. 1993), and John Owen Lowe (b. 1995). In 1988, Lowe was involved in a sex scandal over a videotape of him having sex with two women he met in a night club. One of the women was 16 the other 22. As the age of consent is 16 in Georgia both women were of legal age to engage in sexual activity. They were video taped with Lowe during the night before the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, Georgia. At the time, Lowe was campaigning for Michael Dukakis. Another part of the same tape was leaked at the time, showing Lowe and his friend Justin Moritt, both having sexual intercourse and oral sex with a young American model named Jennifer, in a hotel room in Paris. This part of the original tape was sold as one of the first commercially available celebrity sex tapes, damaging his public image. Eventually, his career rebounded and Lowe mocked his own behavior during two post-scandal appearances as host of Saturday Night Live. In April 2008, Lowe filed separate lawsuits against three former employees accusing them of breach of contract, defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Lowe accuses an ex‑nanny of engaging in a scheme to hurt the couple by spreading ""malicious lies."" Another ex‑nanny was accused of falsely claiming to have had a personal and intimate relationship with Lowe, and also repeatedly expressing romantic interest in Lowe, claiming Lowe sexually harassed her and that Sheryl was an abusive employer. Rob Lowe claimed a former chef engaged in sex on their bed with third parties when the family was out of town, stole prescription drugs from the Lowes, broke several security cameras, overcharged them for food, and allegedly made statements to various people that Sheryl was heartless, cold and unclean. Jessica Gibson, 24-year-old former nanny for Lowe, made 12 allegations against Lowe involving sexual harassment claims and labor-code violations. On June 19, 2008, Santa Barbara, California, Superior Court Judge Denise de Bellefeuille dismissed two allegations regarding labor-code violations due to lack of legal basis. The legal battle ended in May 2009, the press reported that court records showed that lawsuits filed by both nannies and Lowe were dismissed in Santa Barbara. Attorneys for both women and Lowe sought the dismissals. Lowe was the first male spokesperson for the 2000 Lee National Denim Day fundraiser, which raises millions of dollars for breast cancer research and education. His grandmother and great-grandmother both suffered from breast cancer, and his mother died of the disease in late 2003. Lowe is a founder of the Homeowner's Defense Fund, a Santa Barbara County non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to local control of land-use planning and transparency in government. The average price of tract homes in Santa Barbara in early 2006 was US$1,100,000, which motivated some to propose denser housing on existing lots. While in favor of increasing housing density, Lowe sought to build a 14,260-square-foot (1,325 m2) mansion for himself in Montecito, California. His protest over the appearance of the address of the empty lot in the Santa Barbara News-Press precipitated a mass resignation of senior employees at that newspaper on July 6, 2006.,  Rob Lowe  2016-12-28T19:44:09Z  Robert Hepler ""Rob"" Lowe (/ˈloʊ/; born March 17, 1964) is an American actor. He has garnered fame for appearing in such films as The Outsiders (1983), Oxford Blues (1984), St. Elmo's Fire (1985), About Last Night... (1986), Square Dance (1987), Wayne's World (1992), Tommy Boy (1995), Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002), Thank You for Smoking (2006), The Invention of Lying (2009) and Sex Tape (2014). On television, Lowe played Sam Seaborn on The West Wing, Senator Robert McCallister on Brothers & Sisters, and Chris Traeger in Parks and Recreation. 2013 saw him portray both Dr. Jack Starz in the HBO television film Behind the Candelabra and President John F. Kennedy in the National Geographic Channel television film Killing Kennedy. In 2014, he began appearing in a series of DirecTV commercials. From 2015 to 2016, he starred alongside Fred Savage in The Grinder on FOX. In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing, Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors. Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of Barbara Lynn (née Hepler; 1939-2003), a schoolteacher and native of Ohio, and Charles Davis Lowe, a trial lawyer. His parents divorced when Lowe and his younger brother, actor Chad, were very young. Lowe also has two half-brothers. As a result of a virus during infancy, he is deaf in his right ear (he later played a deaf character in Stephen King's The Stand). Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. He is of German, English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. On the show Who Do You Think You Are? , Lowe found out that one of his ancestors was a Hessian soldier. His ancestor was fighting under the command of Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall and was captured at the American Victory at Trenton, New Jersey on the morning of December 26, 1776. As an American POW, his ancestor, Christopher East, was given a choice, and took the option to stay in the US. Lowe was raised in a ""traditional midwestern setting"" in Dayton, Ohio, attending Oakwood Junior High School, before moving to the Point Dume area of Malibu, California, with his mother and brother. Lowe attended Santa Monica High School, as did fellow actors Emilio Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Robert Downey, Jr., Sean Penn, and Chris Penn. One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV film Thursday's Child, for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. His breakthrough role was his big screen debut in 1983, when he and Emilio Estevez were cast in Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders. Lowe played the role of Sodapop Curtis, the brother of the main character Ponyboy Curtis (C. Thomas Howell) and Darrel Curtis (Patrick Swayze). Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire, making them the two more prominent actors from the group known as the Brat Pack. About Last Night... followed, with Demi Moore (who had starred alongside Lowe in St. Elmo's Fire). He then received his second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). In August, 1987 he performed on stage, playing Baron Tusenbach in Chekov's The Three Sisters at The Williamstown Theatre Festival. He recalled meeting Paul Newman there, and that the older actor encouraged him to work in the theater, in 1993 when filming a British TV production of the Tennessee Williams play Suddenly Last Summer with Maggie Smith and Natasha Richardson. Lowe is well known for playing Sam Seaborn in the television series The West Wing from 1999 to 2003 (and briefly in 2006). His performance in the show garnered Lowe a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. Lowe was drawn to the role because of his personal love of politics, and his longstanding personal relationship with Martin Sheen, who was cast as President Bartlet. When the show premiered, Seaborn was considered the lead, and the pilot centered on the character. But the acclaimed cast of the show—including Allison Janney, Richard Schiff, Dulé Hill, John Spencer, Bradley Whitford, Martin Sheen (whose President Bartlet was initially scripted as a small role) and Stockard Channing (whose First Lady was initially scripted as a guest role)— were all strong actors and eventually Lowe's character was no longer the lead. Lowe and series creator Aaron Sorkin soon found themselves at odds over the network's meddling with the show, most notably the network demanding changes in the Sam Seaborn character. Eventually, Lowe left the series, not long before Sorkin and director/executive producer Thomas Schlamme unceremoniously quit over a dispute with NBC. During the final season of The West Wing, Lowe returned to his role of Sam Seaborn, appearing in two of the final four episodes. In 2011, Lowe appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and stated that he left the show because he did not feel he was being respected, when the other lead characters received a raise and he did not. After leaving the show, Lowe was the star and executive producer of a failed NBC drama, The Lyon's Den (2003). In 2004, he tried again in a series entitled Dr. Vegas, but it also was quickly canceled. In 2005, he starred as Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee in a London West End production of Sorkin's play A Few Good Men, the first time the two had worked together since The West Wing. Although Lowe had expressed unhappiness about his decreased role on that show at the time of his departure, he has now repeatedly said that any animosity between them is over and that he was pleased to be working once more with Sorkin, whose talents as a writer Lowe highly regards. Lowe passed on the role of Dr. Derek Shepherd of Grey's Anatomy, which eventually went to Patrick Dempsey. Despite his two canceled TV series and flops like View From the Top and the made-for-TV movie Perfect Strangers during his post–West Wing run, Lowe found success in the TV miniseries genre. 2004 marked his return to this genre; he had appeared in 1994's The Stand, based on Stephen King's book of the same name. In 2004 Lowe starred in the TNT remake of the Stephen King miniseries Salem's Lot which was the highest rated cable program of that summer and the highest ratings TNT original programming had at the time. In 2005 Lowe starred in the miniseries Beach Girls on the Lifetime network, based on the Luanne Rice novel of the same name. The series premiere received the highest ratings for a movie premiere in Lifetime history. In that same year, Lowe filmed his role as a movie agent in the 2006 independent film Thank You for Smoking. In 2006 he filmed The Perfect Day for TNT, in which he took a pay cut to film in New Orleans in order to help the hurricane-ravaged area. That same year, Lowe filmed Stir of Echoes: The Homecoming, the sequel to the 1999 Kevin Bacon thriller Stir of Echoes. In 2006, it was announced that Lowe would join the cast of Brothers & Sisters for a guest run of several episodes. In January 2007, ABC announced that Lowe would be staying on Brothers and Sisters as a ""special guest star"" for the rest of Season 1 after Lowe's initial appearance on the show in November 2006 brought the best ratings and demographic showing for the show since its premiere. Soon after ABC announced an early Season 2 renewal for Brother & Sisters in March 2007, Lowe announced he would be returning for the show's second season. He continued to appear in the series until the end of the 2009–2010 season. Unhappy with the stories and his lack of screen time in the fourth season, Lowe announced he would leave. In an episode broadcast on May 16, 2010, his character was part of a multi-vehicle crash involving a large truck and was put into a coma, the storyline was wrapped up in the first episode of the fifth season; Lowe did not appear in the episode. In June 2006, he was the guest host for an episode in the third series of The Friday Night Project for the United Kingdom's Channel 4. Lowe has also appeared in a televised advertisement for 'Visit California', along with other celebrities including Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. (In the advertisement campaign, he was usually pictured in a white tee-shirt printed with the California state flag.) Lowe had a supporting role in the 2009 movie The Invention of Lying and a leading role in Too Late to Say Goodbye. In 2010, he appeared in the biography of the Brat Packers called: Brat Pack: Where Are They Now? He also appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. Lowe is currently teaming up with 44 Blue to produce a reality series entitled Potomac Fever about young adults living in Washington, D.C. In July 2010, it was announced that Lowe would be providing the voice for the superhero Captain Marvel in the upcoming animated series, Young Justice. It was also announced in July 2010 that Lowe would become a series regular on the series Parks and Recreation. In 2011, Lowe guest starred in a recurring role on Showtime's comedy Californication. Lowe featured as the troubled but in-demand actor Eddie Nero – a character based upon ""about ten people"", according to Lowe but somewhat contradicted by sources at Showtime itself – employed to portray Hank in a film version of his book, Fucking and Punching. In 2011, Lowe wrote a memoir titled Stories I Only Tell My Friends, which was released in May 2011. During his promotional tour for Stories I Only Tell My Friends, Lowe told Australian radio show The Kyle & Jackie O Show that during his five-day press visit to Australia in 1990, he was so badly affected by the overuse of painkillers that the only two things he remembers from the trip were being at the Sydney Zoo and getting a tattoo, although he states in his book that he does not remember getting the tattoo. In 2014, Lowe wrote a second book titled Love Life, which was released in April that year. He uses stories and observations from his life in a poignant and humorous series of true tales about men and women, art and commerce, fathers and sons, addiction and recovery, and sex and love. In 2014, Lowe is expected to star in the pilot for the single-camera comedy The Pro as Ben Bertrahm, a former professional tennis player. In 2014, Lowe narrated, The '90s: The Last Great Decade? , on National Geographic Channel, which aired in July. In 2015, Lowe starred in the satircal thriller Pocket Listing. Lowe has been a commercial spokesman for DirecTV since fall 2014. Commercials featuring Lowe contrast him with some alternate, less appealing form of Lowe, who instead has cable. The advertisements were pulled in April 2015 after the National Advertising Division, acting on a complaint by Comcast, found DirecTV's claims about its customer satisfaction, quality, and ranking to be less than truthful. In February 2015, Fox announced they had greenlit a pilot for the comedy The Grinder starring Rob Lowe that would be directed by Jake Kasdan. Since November 2015, Lowe voices Simba in the Disney movie and series The Lion Guard. In December 2015, Lowe was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His star is located in front of the Musso and Frank Grill on Hollywood Boulevard. In 2015, Lowe launched Profile™, a men's skincare product line. The line features a collection of five antiaging products specially formulated for men. It is currently sold at Nordstrom stores and online. The product collection includes a cleanser, a shave gel, an aftershave serum, a moisturizer, and an eye serum in the price range of $24.50 to $59.50. In 2016, Lowe will launch a fragrance product line called 18 Amber Wood with the Profile™ brand. On August 27, 2016, a TV special for Comedy Central Roasts was recorded and aired on September 5, 2016, with Rob Lowe as the Roastee and David Spade as Roast Master. Amongst the Roasters were Jewel, Nikki Glaser, Ralph Macchio, Pete Davidson, Peyton Manning, Rob Riggle, Jimmy Carr, Ann Coulter and the ""Roast Master General"" Jeff Ross. Lowe married Sheryl Berkoff in July 1991. They met in 1983 on a blind date, and again in 1989 when Lowe was filming Bad Influence. The couple have two sons: Matthew Edward Lowe (b. 1993), and John Owen Lowe (b. 1995). In 1988, Lowe was involved in a sex scandal over a videotape of him having sex with a 16-year-old girl he met in a nightclub. They were videotaped the night before the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, Georgia. As the age of consent is 16 in Georgia, both were of legal age to engage in sexual activity, although not to be recorded. At the time, Lowe was campaigning for Michael Dukakis. Another part of the same tape was leaked at the time, showing Lowe and his friend Justin Moritt both having vaginal and oral sex with a young American model named Jennifer, who was never identified, in a hotel room in Paris. This part of the original tape was sold as one of the first commercially available celebrity sex tapes, damaging Lowe's public image. Eventually, his career rebounded, and Lowe mocked his own behavior during two post-scandal appearances as host of Saturday Night Live. In April 2008, Lowe filed separate lawsuits against three former employees accusing them of breach of contract, defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Lowe accused an ex‑nanny of engaging in a scheme to hurt the couple by spreading ""malicious lies"". Another former nanny was accused of falsely claiming to have had a personal and intimate relationship with Lowe, and also repeatedly expressing romantic interest in Lowe, claiming Lowe sexually harassed her and that Sheryl Lowe was an abusive employer. Rob Lowe claimed a former chef engaged in sex on their bed when the family was out of town, stole prescription drugs from the Lowes, broke several security cameras, overcharged them for food, and allegedly made statements to various people that Sheryl was heartless, cold and unclean. Jessica Gibson, Lowe's 24-year-old former nanny, made 12 allegations against Lowe involving sexual harassment claims and labor-code violations. On June 19, 2008, Santa Barbara, California, Superior Court Judge Denise de Bellefeuille dismissed two allegations regarding labor-code violations due to lack of legal basis. The legal battle ended in May 2009, the press reported that court records showed that lawsuits filed by both nannies and Lowe were dismissed in Santa Barbara. Attorneys for both women and Lowe sought the dismissals. Lowe was the first male spokesperson for the 2000 Lee National Denim Day fundraiser, which raises millions of dollars for breast cancer research and education. His grandmother and great-grandmother both suffered from breast cancer, and his mother died of the disease in late 2003. Lowe is a founder of the Homeowner's Defense Fund, a Santa Barbara County non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to local control of land-use planning and transparency in government. The average price of tract homes in Santa Barbara in early 2006 was US$1,100,000, which motivated some to propose denser housing on existing lots. While in favor of increasing housing density, Lowe sought to build a 14,260-square-foot (1,325 m2) mansion for himself on an empty lot in Montecito, California. His protest over the appearance of the address of the empty lot in the Santa Barbara News-Press precipitated a mass resignation of senior employees at that newspaper on July 6, 2006.",1
Nampa_Gateway_Center,"Nampa_Gateway_Center  2008-07-31T21:40:06Z   Template:Future building Nampa Gateway Center is a 850,000 sq ft (79,000 m2) big-box strip center with 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of parking located in Nampa, Idaho, United States. It is currently undergoing construction, with JCPenney being the only store currently open. Completion is estimated by Spring of 2008. Sports Authority announced it will close its current Nampa location and move to the shopping center in 2008. The Centre was one of the keystones in the overall revitalization of Nampa's downtown in 2005. This article about a United States shopping mall is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Nampa_Gateway_Center  2009-12-09T04:16:15Z   Nampa Gateway Center is a 850,000 sq ft (79,000 m2) lifestyle center located in Nampa, Idaho, United States. The shopping center opened August 3, 2007 with the opening of the center's JCPenney department store, marking the return of the retail chain to Nampa after a 19 year absence. The center was one of the keystones in the overall revitalization of Nampa's downtown in 2005. In January 2008, Sports Authority announced it would close its old Nampa location near Karcher Mall and construct a new 35,000 sq ft (3,300 m2) store in the shopping center. In August 2008, Macy's announced it too would closes it Karcher Mall store in late 2009 to move to the shopping center. Sports Authority opened in September 2009 and Macy's opening in October 2009. A branch of the Idaho Athletic Club is also under construction at the Nampa Gateway Center. Nampa's second Edwards Cinemas will opening in the center in 2010.",0
Security_paper,"Security_paper  2012-06-01T03:37:20Z   Security paper is paper which incorporates features which can act to identify or authenticate a document as original or features which demonstrate tamper evidence when fraud is attempted, e. g. , to remove or alter print such as amounts or signatures on a cheque. Examples of this kind of papers are those used for identification such as passports and certificates, such as birth certificates and different types of academic certificates. An initial patent for the manufacturing process for security paper was granted to Robert E. Menzies and John E. Aitken in the early 20th century. According to the patent, the method by which security paper was produced involved using a soluble thiocyanate (such as ammonium thiocyanate) and lead, which could be used to create an insoluable salt, lead thiocyanate. ,  Security_paper  2013-03-01T13:10:22Z   Security paper is a paper that incorporates features that can act to identify or authenticate a document as original or features that demonstrate tamper evidence when fraud is attempted, e. g. , to remove or alter print such as amounts or signatures on a cheque. Examples of this kind of papers are those used for identification such as passports and certificates, such as birth certificates and different types of academic and qualification certificates. An initial patent for the manufacturing process for security paper was granted to Robert E. Menzies and John E. Aitken in the early 20th century. According to the patent, the method by which security paper was produced involved using a soluble thiocyanate (such as ammonium thiocyanate) and lead, which could be used to create an insoluble salt, lead thiocyanate.",0
Jason Aldean discography,"Jason Aldean discography  2009-02-13T00:24:57Z  This is a complete discography for country music artist Jason Aldean. All albums released on Broken Bow Records. ,  Jason Aldean discography  2010-12-29T16:40:57Z  Jason Aldean is an American country music artist. His discography comprises four studio albums (Jason Aldean, Relentless, Wide Open, and My Kinda Party), and eleven singles. Among these singles are four Number Ones on the Hot Country Songs charts: ""Why"", ""She's Country,"" ""Big Green Tractor,"" and ""The Truth."" His first and third albums are both certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and Relentless is certified gold by the same.",1
Christian Vasquez,"Christian Vasquez  2015-01-06T06:17:20Z  Christian Vazquez (born February 8, 1977) is a Filipino actor, model and a former housemate of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother: Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition. During his stint at Pinoy Big Brother, he was one of the comedian housemates. He graduated from high school at the University of St. La Salle-Integrated School Batch 1994 in Bacolod City. An Ilonggo, Vazquez gained popularity for his PLDT commercial in which a father who lives in Iloilo forced his son who studies in Manila to take up medicine instead of fine arts. Against his father's will, he took up fine arts instead and finally his father accepted his son's decision. The line of the commercial which is mixed of Ilonggo and Tagalog ""Kung saan ka masaya te suportahan ta ka"" (""I will support you, wherever you are gonna be happy with"") made him popular. On March 4, 2006, Vazquez became the second housemate to be officially evicted from the Pinoy Big Brother house and the fourth housemate to leave the house. He received 13.5% of the people's vote, so far the lowest among that edition's evictees. Matthew Carlos Jason Andrew  Big Brother: Celebrity Edition,  Christian Vasquez  2016-12-24T14:08:34Z  Christian Vazquez (born February 8, 1977) is a Filipino actor, model and a former housemate of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother: Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition. During his stint at Pinoy Big Brother, he was one of the comedian housemates. He graduated from high school at the University of St. La Salle-Integrated School Batch 1994 in Bacolod City. An Ilonggo, Vazquez gained popularity for his PLDT commercial in which a father who lives in Iloilo forced his son who studies in Manila to take up medicine instead of fine arts. Against his father's will, he took up fine arts instead and finally his father accepted his son's decision. The line of the commercial which is mixed of Ilonggo and Tagalog ""Kung saan ka masaya te suportahan ta ka"" (""I will support you, wherever you are gonna be happy with"") made him popular. On March 4, 2006, Vazquez became the second housemate to be officially evicted from the Pinoy Big Brother house and the fourth housemate to leave the house. He received 13.5% of the people's vote, so far the lowest among that edition's evictees.",1
Zosia Mamet,"Zosia Mamet  2014-01-09T19:40:33Z  Zosia Russell Mamet (/ˈzɑːʃəˈmæmt/; born February 2, 1988) is an American actress, who has appeared in television series including Mad Men, United States of Tara and Parenthood and as Shoshanna Shapiro on the HBO original series Girls. Mamet was born in Randolph, Vermont. She is the daughter of American playwright, essayist, screenwriter, and film director David Mamet and actress Lindsay Crouse. Her maternal grandfather was playwright Russel Crouse and one of her maternal great-grandfathers was educator John Erskine. She has a sister named Willa, who works as a photographer, and two half-siblings, Clara—who is also an actress—and Noah. She identifies as Jewish (her father is Jewish and her mother is a Buddhist). She lived in New England until age five when her mother moved to Pacific Palisades, California with her and Willa. After finishing high school, Zosia decided to pursue acting instead of going to college. In May 2013, Zosia, and her sister, Clara, listed a project on the crowdfunding site, KickStarter, requesting $32,000 for a video of their song ""Bleak Love"". Because the funding site is typically meant for people who cannot afford such projects, and whose professions rely much on the kindness of strangers, the Mamets were heavily criticised for this. Articles highlighted the expense of the project, the meaningless gifts given in return for money pledged (45 minute Skype call for $2,000 and a download of their album for $25) and the idea that they deserved the money, because it meant they got to spend time together. After two of the eleven days allowed for money to be raised had passed, the project only reached 6% funding. After the 11 allocated days, less than $3,000 was raised. ,  Zosia Mamet  2015-09-30T18:40:56Z  Zosia Russell Mamet (/ˈzɑːʃəˈmæmt/) (born February 2, 1988) is an American actress and musician, who has appeared in television series including Mad Men, United States of Tara and Parenthood and as Shoshanna Shapiro on the HBO original series Girls. Mamet was born in Randolph, Vermont. She is the daughter of American playwright, essayist, screenwriter, and film director David Mamet and actress Lindsay Crouse. Her maternal grandfather was playwright Russel Crouse and one of her maternal great-grandfathers was educator John Erskine. She has a sister, Willa, who is a photographer, and two half-siblings, Clara, who is also an actress, and Noah. She identifies as Jewish (her father is Jewish and her mother is Buddhist). She lived in New England until age five when her mother moved to Pacific Palisades, California with her and Willa. After finishing high school, Mamet decided to pursue acting instead of going to college. In May 2013, Zosia, and her sister, Clara, listed a project on the crowdfunding site, KickStarter, requesting $32,000 for a video of their song ""Bleak Love"". The Mamets were heavily criticised for this with articles highlighting the expense of the project, the gifts offered in return for money pledged (45 minute Skype call for $2,000 and a download of their album for $25) and the idea that the money would allow the sisters to spend more time together. After two of the eleven days allowed for money to be raised had passed, the project only reached 6% funding. After the 11 allocated days, less than $3,000 was raised. Zosia has a band called Chacha.",1
France_3_Provence-Alpes,"France_3_Provence-Alpes  2021-03-27T15:00:54Z   ORTF Marseille Provence(1964-1975) France 3 Provence-Alpes is a regional television service, part of the France 3 network. It serves the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region from its headquarters in Marseilles and secondary production centre in Antibes, along with newsrooms in Toulon and Nice. France 3 Provence-Alpes produces regional news, sport, features and entertainment programming. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. RTF Télé-Marseille began broadcasting on 20 September 1954. In 1964, RTF was replaced with ORTF by the government, with RTF Télé-Marseille becoming ORTF Marseille Provence. After the de-establishment of ORTF on 6 January 1975, ORTF Télé-Marseille became FR3 Méditerranée. Following the establishment of France Télévisions on 7 September 1992, FR3 Méditerranée was rebranded France 3 Méditerranée. France 3 Méditerranée produces daily news programmes for its two sub-regions - programming for the Côte d'Azur sub-region is produced in Antibes, with the Provence-Alpes sub-region receiving programming from Marseille. Each sub-region produces a 27-minute bulletin (midi-pile) at 1200 CET during 12|13 and a main half-hour news broadcast at 1900 during 19|20. Three 10-minute local bulletins for the Marseille, Côte Varoise and Nice areas are broadcast during 19|20 at 1845 CET. On 5 January 2009, a 5-minute late night bulletin was introduced, forming part of Soir 3. On some weekends and holiday periods, as well as during major events, the Côte d'Azur and Provence-Alpes news bulletins are combined into pan-regional Méditerranée editions. This article about a French television station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  France_3_Provence-Alpes  2022-05-06T11:06:49Z   ORTF Marseille Provence (1964–1975) France 3 Provence-Alpes is a regional television service, part of the France 3 network. It serves the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region from its headquarters in Marseille and secondary production centre in Antibes, along with newsrooms in Toulon and Nice. France 3 Provence-Alpes produces regional news, sport, features and entertainment programming. RTF Télé-Marseille began broadcasting on 20 September 1954. In 1964, RTF was replaced with ORTF by the government, with RTF Télé-Marseille becoming ORTF Marseille Provence. After the de-establishment of ORTF on 6 January 1975, ORTF Télé-Marseille became FR3 Méditerranée. Following the establishment of France Télévisions on 7 September 1992, FR3 Méditerranée was rebranded France 3 Méditerranée. France 3 Méditerranée produces daily news programmes for its two sub-regions - programming for the Côte d'Azur sub-region is produced in Antibes, with the Provence-Alpes sub-region receiving programming from Marseille. Each sub-region produces a 27-minute bulletin (midi-pile) at 1200 CET during 12|13 and a main half-hour news broadcast at 1900 during 19|20. Three 10-minute local bulletins for the Marseille, Côte Varoise and Nice areas are broadcast during 19|20 at 1845 CET. On 5 January 2009, a 5-minute late night bulletin was introduced, forming part of Soir 3. On some weekends and holiday periods, as well as during major events, the Côte d'Azur and Provence-Alpes news bulletins are combined into pan-regional Méditerranée editions. This article about a French television station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Little_Portion_Hermitage,"Little_Portion_Hermitage  2009-05-29T02:20:43Z   The Brothers & Sisters of Charity at Little Portion Hermitage is a Catholic based community made up of an integrated monastic expression of celibate brothers, celibate sisters, families and singles, and a domestic expression of those who live throughout the world in their own homes. The Brothers and Sisters of Charity, a Public Association of the Faithful, was founded by John Michael Talbot in 1980. It is an integrated Catholic-based covenant community of celibate brothers, celibate sisters, and families. Most of the members of the monastic expression live at the Little Portion Hermitage in Berryville, Arkansas. There is also an international ecumenical domestic expression consisting of single men and women and families, living in their own homes and sharing the same Rule and Constitution with the monastic expression. The monastic mission foundation on the Island of Ometepe in Central America currently includes both monastic and domestic members. The monastery's website The community's founder, John Michael Talbot,  Little_Portion_Hermitage  2010-08-21T01:03:48Z   The Brothers and Sisters of Charity at Little Portion Hermitage is a Roman Catholic based community made up of an integrated monastic expression of celibate brothers, celibate sisters, families and singles, and a domestic expression of those who live throughout the world in their own homes. The Brothers and Sisters of Charity, a Public Association of the Faithful, was founded by John Michael Talbot in 1980. Most of the members of the monastic expression live at the Little Portion Hermitage in Berryville, Arkansas. There is also an international ecumenical domestic expression consisting of single men and women and families, living in their own homes and sharing the same Rule and Constitution with the monastic expression. The monastic mission foundation on the Island of Ometepe in Central America currently includes both monastic and domestic members.",0
John_Bucchino,"John_Bucchino  2012-12-09T00:21:41Z   John Bucchino is an American composer, pianist and teacher. His hometown is Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His work includes off-Broadway shows such as Urban Myths, Lavender Girl, and It's Only Life. He has given highly acclaimed concerts at venues such as Birdland, The Duplex, and The Hollywood Bowl. Bucchino made his Broadway debut with A Catered Affair as composer/lyricist with four-time Tony Award-winner Harvey Fierstein as bookwriter and co-star. The out-of-town production received mixed reviews in its San Diego try-out at the Old Globe (September 20 - November 11, 2007). The Broadway production opened on April 17, 2008, with 116 regular performances and 27 previews performed between March 24 and July 27, 2008. Bucchino has released several CDs with his music and has been featured in Broadway revues and concerts, including Lincoln Center's American Songbook series. His work has been performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and The Boston Pops. It has been heard in performance at Carnegie Hall, The Metropolitan Opera, The Hollywood Bowl, the Sydney Opera House, London's O2 Arena and The White House. In 1993, Bucchino served as musical director of Holly Near: Fire in the Rain. He wrote the songs (music and lyrics) for the Dreamworks picture, Joseph: King of Dreams (2000) produced and orchestrated by Daniel Pelfrey. In 2010, Bucchino was commissioned by Danish producer Søren Møller to compose the music and lyrics for the musical Esaura, with a book by Mads Æbeløe Nielsen. Bucchino is the recipient of the Johnny Mercer Songwriter Award (1997), the Songwriters' Fellowship Award (1998), the ASCAP Foundation Richard Rodgers New Horizons Award (1998), the Second Stage Constance Klinsky Award (2000), the Gilman & Gonzalez-Falla Commendation Award (2000), and the Jonathan Larson Performing Arts Foundation and Kleban Awards (2001), and the Fred Ebb Award (2005). Since 1986, he has had close friendship with fellow composer Academy Award-winner Stephen Schwartz. Bucchino has given masterclasses at numerous universities and conservatories including, Yale University, Cincinnati Colege-Conservatory of Music, Indiana University, London's Royal Academy of Music, The Danish Musical Theatre Academy in Fredericia, Denmark, NASDA (National Academy of Singing and Dramatic Arts) in Christchurch, New Zealand, WAAPA (Western Australia Academy of Performing Arts) in Perth, Australia, The Victoria College of the Arts in Melbourne, Australia. Template:Persondata,  John_Bucchino  2013-11-02T09:48:33Z   John Bucchino is an award-winning American composer, lyricist, pianist and teacher based in New York City. His work includes Off-Broadway shows such as Urban Myths, Lavender Girl (part of 3hree produced by Hal Prince at the Prince Music Theater), and It's Only Life. Bucchino made his Broadway debut with A Catered Affair as composer/lyricist with four-time Tony Award-winner Harvey Fierstein as bookwriter and co-star. The out-of-town production received mixed reviews in its San Diego try-out at the Old Globe (September 20 - November 11, 2007). The Broadway production opened on April 17, 2008, with 116 regular performances and 27 previews performed between March 24 and July 27, 2008, winning the Drama League Award for Distinguished Production of a Musical. The show has received subsequent productions by Chicago's Porchlight Music Theatre, the Atlanta-area Aurora Theatre, and the Royal Academy of Music in London. In addition to cast recordings of shows, Bucchino has released several CDs with his own music, featuring artists such as Art Garfunkel, Judy Collins, Liza Minnelli, Patti LuPone, Kristin Chenoweth, Michael Feinstein and others, in addition to the album On Richard Rodgers’ Piano (2003) where he plays piano interpretations of Rodgers' songs on the composer’s own Steinway. The album was voted Best Instrumental CD by Show Business Weekly. He has been featured in Broadway revues and concerts, including Lincoln Center's American Songbook series, and given highly acclaimed concerts at venues such as Birdland, The Duplex, and The Hollywood Bowl. His work has been performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and The Boston Pops. It has been heard in performance at Carnegie Hall, The Metropolitan Opera, the Sydney Opera House, London's O2 Arena and The White House. In 1993, Bucchino served as musical director of Holly Near: Fire in the Rain. He wrote the songs (music and lyrics) for the Dreamworks picture, Joseph: King of Dreams (2000) produced and orchestrated by Daniel Pelfrey. The film won a Film Advisory Board Award of Excellence and Bucchino's Better Than I won the 2001 Video Premiere Award for Best Song at the DVD Exclusive Awards. Bucchino wrote the lyrics for the children's musical adaptation of Simeon's Gift, a book by Julie Andrews and Emma Walton Hamilton. The work, with a score by Ian Fraser, was performed by the Louisville Orchestra in 2008 conducted by Fraser, with costumed vocalists and Ms. Andrews as ""storyteller. "" As part of their Julie Andrews Collection, Harper Collins published a children's book entitled ""Grateful, A Song of Giving Thanks"" (based on Bucchino's song/album Grateful), which was awarded the Parents’ Choice Gold Award. In 2010, Bucchino was commissioned by Danish producer Søren Møller to compose the music and lyrics for the musical Esaura, with a book by Mads Æbeløe Nielsen. Bucchino is the recipient of the Johnny Mercer Songwriter Award (1997), the Songwriters' Fellowship Award (1998), the ASCAP Foundation Richard Rodgers New Horizons Award (1998), the Second Stage Constance Klinsky Award (2000), the Gilman & Gonzalez-Falla Commendation Award (2000), the Jonathan Larson Performing Arts Foundation and Kleban Awards (2001), and the Fred Ebb Award (2005). He has been featured in Opera News magazine, published by the Metropolitan Opera Guild. Since 1986, he has had close friendship with fellow composer Academy Award-winner Stephen Schwartz. Bucchino has given masterclasses in songwriting and interpretation at numerous universities and conservatories including, Yale University, Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music, Indiana University, London's Royal Academy of Music, The Danish Musical Theatre Academy in Fredericia, Denmark, NASDA (National Academy of Singing and Dramatic Arts) in Christchurch, New Zealand, WAAPA (Western Australia Academy of Performing Arts) in Perth, Australia, The Victoria College of the Arts in Melbourne, Australia. Template:Persondata",0
Provincial_Highway_18_(Taiwan),"Provincial_Highway_18_(Taiwan)  2013-11-28T12:36:11Z   Taiwan Provincial Highway No. 18, which connects from Chiayi City to Alishan, formerly used to have a length of 90 km to directing to Provincial Highway No. 21 at Tatajia, Yushan National Park. It is also called as New Central-Crossing Highway and Alishan Highway. Now, West Terminal has been extended to THSR Chiayi Station called as HSR Avenue in Taibao City, to contacting between downtown Chiayi and HSR station. Therefore the overall length of Provincial Highway No. 18 is 109. 985 km. ,  Provincial_Highway_18_(Taiwan)  2015-10-09T00:56:23Z   Taiwan Provincial Highway No. 18 is a highway between Taibao in Chiayi County to Provincial Highway No. 21 at Tatajia (Tataka) in Yushan National Park. It is also called the New Central Cross-Island Highway(新中橫公路) and Alishan Highway(阿里山公路). The highway connects Chiayi City and the rest of Western Taiwan to Alishan National Scenic Area and Yushan National Park. The overall length of the highway is 109. 316 km. The highway begins in front of THSR Chiayi Station in Taibao City as HSR Avenue, which connects the station with downtown Chiayi City. The highway continues eastbound as it leaves Chiayi City for Alishan. In Zhongpu the highway has a junction with Freeway 3. The road then passes through Fanlu and Zhuqi before reaching Alishan Township, home to the popular tourist destination of Alishan National Scenic Area and Alishan Forest Railway. The highway then continues eastbound through the Alishan mountains and enters Yushan National Park, before ending at the junction of PH 21 in Tatajia, located near the foot of Yushan, the highest mountain in Taiwan. The highway was initially planned to extend to Yuli, Hualien as a part of the New Central Cross-Island Highway. Due to environmental concerns, however, most of the segment extending from Tatajia to Hualien was never built. In 2006, the plan was formally abandoned. The only segment that was completed, between Zhuoxi, Hualien and Yuli, was merged into PH 30 as of 2007.",0
WCGO,"WCGO  2009-04-23T01:54:34Z   WONX (1590 AM) was a radio station broadcasting a World Ethnic format. Licensed to Evanston, Illinois, USA, it served the Chicago area. The station is currently owned by Kovas Communications, Inc. On April 13,2009 the stations calls were changed to WCGO after the former WCGO AM 1600 went silent. The station was launched in 1947 as WNMP, which had a light-classical and beautiful music format, along with broadcasting college sports on Saturday afternoons. State Representative Harry Semrow was one of the early owners. The station changed hands several times, and the call letters were changed to WLTD in the early 1970s. The station became WONX later in that decade. This article about a radio station in Illinois is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  WCGO  2010-06-07T01:44:42Z   WCGO (1590 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an ethnic format. Licensed to Evanston, Illinois, USA, it serves the Chicago area. The station is currently owned by Kovas Communications, Inc. The station was launched in 1947 as WNMP, which had a light-classical and beautiful music format, along with broadcasting college sports on Saturday afternoons. State Representative Harry Semrow was one of the early owners. The station changed hands several times, and the call sign was changed to WLTD in the early 1970s. On April 9, 1979, the station's call sign was changed to WONX. On April 10, 2009, the previous WCGO on 1600, also owned by Kovas, went silent. On April 13, 2009, the call sign was changed to WCGO. With 1600 now vacant WCGO on 1590 was able to increase daytime power to 7,000 Watts. The Saturday Night Special Radio Show premiered its inaugural broadcast on WCGO 1590 on Halloween Night October 31, 2009 and serves as the station's flagship show. The Special, hosted by Kevin Abud and Sal Becovic is a revolutionary mix of local/national news analysis, talk, sports, business and music (reviews and discussion). The show airs every Saturday night from 4 to 6pm Central time. This article about a radio station in Illinois is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Cambridge_Observatory,"Cambridge_Observatory  2011-01-14T20:40:57Z   Cambridge Observatory is an astronomical observatory at the University of Cambridge in the East of England. It was first established in 1823 and is now part of the site of the Institute of Astronomy. The old Observatory building houses the Institute of Astronomy Library which has a fascinating collection of modern and historical astronomical books. There are a set of optical telescopes at the site on the Madingley Road in the west of Cambridge. By modern standards these are small, as well as being affected by light pollution. However, the 36-inch telescope continues to be used for studies of stellar radial velocities and the historic Northumberland and Thorrowgood telescopes are used as part of the public outreach activities of the Institute. Much more significant is the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, built in 1957 a few kilometres southwest. From 1990 to 1998, the Royal Greenwich Observatory was based in Cambridge in Greenwich House, just to the north of the Observatory. 52°12′49″N 0°05′40″E / 52. 2135°N 0. 0944°E / 52. 2135; 0. 0944 This article about a specific observatory, telescope or astronomical instrument is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Cambridge_Observatory  2012-05-02T21:15:25Z   Cambridge Observatory is an astronomical observatory at the University of Cambridge in the East of England. It was first established in 1823 and is now part of the site of the Institute of Astronomy. The old Observatory building houses the Institute of Astronomy Library which has a fascinating collection of modern and historical astronomical books. There are a set of optical telescopes at the site on the Madingley Road in the west of Cambridge. By modern standards these are small, as well as being affected by light pollution. However, the 36-inch telescope continues to be used for studies of stellar radial velocities and the historic Northumberland and Thorrowgood telescopes are used as part of the public outreach activities of the Institute. Much more significant is the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, built in 1957 a few kilometres southwest. From 1990 to 1998, the Royal Greenwich Observatory was based in Cambridge in Greenwich House, just to the north of the Observatory. 52°12′49″N 0°05′40″E / 52. 2135°N 0. 0944°E / 52. 2135; 0. 0944 This article about a specific observatory, telescope or astronomical instrument is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Clue_(1992_video_game),"Clue_(1992_video_game)  2009-08-17T02:45:28Z   Clue (Cluedo outside the US) is a game released in 1992 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis based on the popular board game of the same name. Up to six players can play, using any controller. The object of the game, as in the board game, is to find out who killed Mr. Boddy where and with what. Each player is dealt a number of cards. All the cards held eliminate the suspect, weapon, or room on the card. Each player can view their own cards during their turn. A die is rolled, and the six players (represented by the six suspects Miss Scarlet, Col. Mustard, Mrs. White, Mr. Green, Mrs. Peacock, and Prof. Plum) move around the board. Upon entering one of the nine rooms on the board, the player must make a suggestion, choosing a suspect and a weapon (the room the player is in is automatically chosen. ) A vignette is shown, showing who or what was in that room, or who held the weapon. This would result in a clue given, such as ""Miss Scarlet was in the Lounge"" or ""No one had the wrench. "" On the highest difficulty, the clues given are less broad, like in the board game, with clues only given that the chosen suspect or weapon was or wasn't in the room. The suspect chosen in the suggestion is moved to that room. A player can, on their turn, make an interrogation, wherein they can choose a suspect, a weapon, and a room. A longer vignette is shown, playing out the scenario as the player chose. Example: ""The lounge was warm. It was cozy enough for a nap. . . A long nap. Miss Scarlet laughed as she fixed her hair. She picked up the pipe. "" At this point, one of the other players, if they are in possession of a card that eliminates any of those factors, shows on screen that they have proof that the scenario could not have happened. If none of the other players are in possession of such a card, the interrogating player is not proved wrong. Players may make two interrogations per game. A player can, on their turn, make an accusation, which plays out similar to an interrogation, unless if the player is incorrect, they are eliminated from the game. If they are correct, the actual suspect is seen killing Mr. Boddy in an addition to the vignette and is then seen being arrested. The accusing player is the winner. ,  Clue_(1992_video_game)  2011-04-14T01:59:06Z   Clue (Cluedo outside the US) is a game released in 1992 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis based on the popular board game of the same name. Up to six players can play, using any controller. The object of the game, as in the board game, is to find out who killed Mr. Boddy where and with what. Each player is dealt a number of cards. All the cards held eliminate the suspect, weapon, or room on the card. Each player can view their own cards during their turn. A die is rolled, and the six players (represented by the six suspects Miss Scarlet, Col. Mustard, Mrs. White, Mr. Green, Mrs. Peacock, and Prof. Plum) move around the board. Upon entering one of the nine rooms on the board, the player must make a suggestion, choosing a suspect and a weapon (the room the player is in is automatically chosen. ) A vignette is shown, showing who or what was in that room, or who held the weapon. This would result in a clue given, such as ""Miss Scarlet was in the Lounge"" or ""No one had the wrench. "" On the highest difficulty, the clues given are less broad, like in the board game, with clues only given that the chosen suspect or weapon was or wasn't in the room. The suspect chosen in the suggestion is moved to that room. A player can, on their turn, make an interrogation, wherein they can choose a suspect, a weapon, and a room. A longer vignette is shown, playing out the scenario as the player chose. Example: ""The lounge was warm. It was cozy enough for a nap. . . A long nap. Miss Scarlet laughed as she fixed her hair. She picked up the pipe. "" At this point, one of the other players, if they are in possession of a card that eliminates any of those factors, shows on screen that they have proof that the scenario could not have happened. If none of the other players are in possession of such a card, the interrogating player is not proved wrong. Players may make two interrogations per game. A player can, on their turn, make an accusation, which plays out similar to an interrogation, unless if the player is incorrect, they are eliminated from the game. If they are correct, the actual suspect is seen killing Mr. Boddy in an addition to the vignette and is then seen being arrested. The accusing player is the winner.",0
National_Transmission_Corporation,"National_Transmission_Corporation  2016-06-24T22:05:34Z   The National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) is a Philippine government corporation created in 2001 by the Electric Power Industry Reform Act currently operating the nation's power grid. It assumed all of Napocor's substation and transmission assets. TransCo was previously an integral part of the state-owned National Power Corporation created under the Electric Power Industry Reform Act which describes TransCo as its ""crown jewel"", as a step to privatize the nation's electric industry. TransCo has been separated from Napocor since March 1, 2003. Its transmission lines links various power plants, distribution utilities (such as Meralco) and electric cooperatives all over the Philippines. The Arroyo administration has been recently criticized for conducting nontransparent and biased bidding of the nations critical power grid operator by manipulating the bidding process. Petitions were filed to the supreme court by some bidders who were barred from bidding despite being qualified enough. Opponents to TransCo's privatizations argue that TransCo should remain state-owned instead of selling it to private firms where it can be readily abused for profits. Ultimately, electricity consumers shall burden the electricity prize hike imposed by private power transmission firm monopoly. On December 12, 2007, 2 consortia bid for a 25-year license to run the Philippine power grid - privatization of the management of the National Transmission Corporation (Transco): the consortium of Monte Oro Grid Resources Corp. , led by businessman Enrique Razon, comprising the State Grid Corporation of China, and Calaca High Power Corp. , WON in an auction conducted by the Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management (PSALM) Corp. as it submitted the highest offer of $3. 95 billion, for the right to operate TransCo for 25 years, outbidding San Miguel Energy, a unit of San Miguel Corporation (bid of $3. 905 billion), Dutch firm TPG Aurora BV and Malaysia’s TNB Prai Sdn Bhd. Jose Ibazeta, PSALM president and CEO remarked: “We are very happy about the successful turnout of the bidding for TransCo. PSALM handled the privatization of the government’s transmission business with utmost transparency and judiciousness. "",  National_Transmission_Corporation  2018-03-05T09:02:26Z   The National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation created in 2001 by the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (Republic Act/RA 9136) and a corporate entity wholly owned by the Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management (PSALM). It is the owner of the country's power grid that is being operated, maintained, and developed by the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP). As owner of the transmission facilities, it assumed all of National Power Corporation's (NAPOCOR) substation and transmission assets. Today, it is involved in monitoring NGCP's compliance with the standards set by the relevant laws and also in charge of administering the FIT to renewable power generators. It also maintains, and operates all distribution facilities and provider of power on some economic or freeport zones in the Philippines. TransCo was previously an integral part of another state-owned corporation named National Power Corporation created under the Electric Power Industry Reform Act. TransCo has been separated from Napocor since March 1, 2003. Its transmission lines links various power plants, distribution utilities (such as Manila Electric Company), and electric cooperatives. On June 2005, TransCo garnered the fifth highest score in the Corporate Governance Scorecard for GOCCs & GFIs in the field of Corporate Governance from the Institute of Corporate Directors (ICD). On January 2006, TransCo wrote a history by bagging the Philippine Quality Award Recognition for Commitment to Quality Management. The Arroyo administration has been criticized for conducting nontransparent and biased bidding of the nations critical power grid operator by manipulating the bidding process. Petitions were filed to the supreme court by some bidders who were barred from bidding despite being qualified enough. Opponents to TransCo's privatizations argue that TransCo should remain state-owned instead of selling it to private firms where it can be readily abused for profits. Ultimately, electricity consumers shall burden the electricity price hike imposed by private power transmission firm monopoly. On December 12, 2007, 2 consortia bid for a 25-year license to run the Philippine power grid - privatization of the management of the National Transmission Corporation (TransCo): the consortium of Monte Oro Grid Resources Corp. , comprising the State Grid Corporation of China, and Calaca High Power Corp. , won in an auction conducted by the Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management (PSALM) Corp. as it submitted the highest offer of $3. 95 billion, for the right to operate TransCo for 25 years, outbidding San Miguel Energy, a unit of San Miguel Corporation (bid of $3. 59 billion), Dutch firm TPG Aurora BV and Malaysia’s TNB Prai Sdn Bhd. Jose Ibazeta, PSALM president and CEO remarked: “We are very happy about the successful turnout of the bidding for TransCo. PSALM handled the privatization of the government’s transmission business with utmost transparency and judiciousness. "" Congress approved bicameral resolution granting franchise to National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) to manage and operate its transmission facilities nationwide on November 2008. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed RA 9511 into law granting franchise to NGCP on December of that same year. On January 15, 2009, TransCo turned over the operations, maintenance, and management of the transmission system to NGCP. Unlike outright sale, the concession agreement allowed the government to retain or keep ownership of the country's transmission assets through TransCo, according to Section 8 of Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) or Republic Act 9136 which states that no person, company, or entity other than TransCo who shall own any transmission facilities. The new table of organization employees took a new oath of office in July 16, 2009, which results in the formation of a new TransCo. On November 2012, ERC names TransCo as fit-allowance fund administrator and was given an added role in renewable energy sector. On March 24, 2017, TransCo receives its ISO certification for Quality Management System from TÜV Rheinland. Like other government-owned and controlled corporations in the Philippines, TransCo officials are appointed by the President of the Philippines. Below is a table listing the officials of TransCo.",0
WVIE_(FM),"WVIE_(FM)  2018-06-01T20:48:07Z   WVIE (107. 3 FM) is a radio station in Charlotte Amalie, U. S. Virgin Islands. The station is licensed to Virgin Islands Radio Entertainment Detroit, LLC, which is wholly owned by R. J. Watkins Group. The station, then known as WVGN, was acquired by Caribbean Broadcasting Network (then known as LKK Group; Keith Bass, President) from Calypso Communications in 2002. While Caribbean Broadcasting Network is a company whose television stations are affiliates of commercial networks, WVGN was operated under a separate arm, Caribbean Community Broadcasting, and solicited and accepted donations from listeners, as would most other NPR members. Caribbean Broadcasting Network reached a deal to sell WVGN to R. J. Watkins, owner of WHPR-FM and operator of W33BY-D in Detroit, on August 7, 2014; the sale was completed on February 17, 2015, accompanied by a call sign change to WVIE. WVGN's NPR programming continued through March 15, 2015; Watkins replaced this programming with contemporary music and talk shows. Since November 7, 2015, WVIE's signal was simulcast on W33BY's 3rd subchannel. Until then, it had been a SD simulcast of 33. 1, 33. 2 and 33. 4, however, are still simulcasting W33BY-DT1 in SD. This article about a radio station in the United States Virgin Islands is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  WVIE_(FM)  2020-03-04T03:13:44Z   WVIE (107. 3 FM) is a radio station in Charlotte Amalie, U. S. Virgin Islands. The station is licensed to Virgin Islands Radio Entertainment Detroit, LLC, which is wholly owned by R. J. Watkins Group. The station, then known as WVGN, was acquired by Caribbean Broadcasting Network (then known as LKK Group; Keith Bass, President) from Calypso Communications in 2002. While Caribbean Broadcasting Network is a company whose television stations are affiliates of commercial networks, WVGN was operated under a separate arm, Caribbean Community Broadcasting, and solicited and accepted donations from listeners, as would most other NPR members. Caribbean Broadcasting Network reached a deal to sell WVGN to R. J. Watkins, owner of WHPR-FM and operator of W33BY-D in Detroit, on August 7, 2014; the sale was completed on February 17, 2015, accompanied by a call sign change to WVIE. WVGN's NPR programming continued through March 15, 2015; Watkins replaced this programming with contemporary music and talk shows. Since November 7, 2015, WVIE's signal was simulcast on W33BY's 3rd subchannel. Until then, it had been a SD simulcast of 33. 1, 33. 2 and 33. 4, however, are still simulcasting W33BY-DT1 in SD. This article about a radio station in the United States Virgin Islands is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Kelsey Grammer,"Kelsey Grammer  2022-01-07T05:51:07Z  Allen Kelsey Grammer (born February 21, 1955) is an American actor, comedian, producer, director and writer, best known for his two-decade-long portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the NBC sitcom Cheers and its spin-off Frasier, for which he won four Primetime Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards. He is also known for his performance in the political drama series Boss for which he won a Golden Globe Award, and the period drama series The Last Tycoon, as well as having a recurring guest role as the voice of Sideshow Bob in The Simpsons, with additional voice roles in Anastasia (1997) and Toy Story 2 (1999). He has also appeared in various television shows such as 30 Rock, Modern Family, and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. Grammer is also known for his work in theatre, acting alongside Christopher Plummer and James Earl Jones in Othello, and Macbeth on Broadway. In 1983, he starred alongside Mandy Patinkin in Stephen Sondheim's Sunday in the Park with George at Playwrights Horizons, Off-Broadway. He has also starred in productions of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street playing the title character, and My Fair Lady as Professor Henry Higgins. In 2010 he received his first Tony Award nomination for his performance in La Cage aux Folles. In 2016, Grammer won a Tony Award as a producer of The Color Purple. In 2019, Grammer starred as Don Quixote in a production of Man of La Mancha at the London Coliseum. In the course of his career in television Grammer has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, one Daytime Emmy Award and one Tony Award; additionally, he has also worked as a television producer, director, and writer. Allen Kelsey Grammer was born on February 21, 1955, in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, the son of Sally (née Cranmer; 1928–2008), a singer and actress, and Frank Allen Grammer Jr. (d. 1968), a musician and owner of a coffee shop and a bar and grill called Greer's Place. He had one younger sister, Karen. Grammer's personal life has been surrounded by family tragedies. He was raised by his mother and maternal grandparents, Gordon and Evangeline Cranmer, in New Jersey. The family later moved to Pompano Beach, Florida, and shortly afterwards, when Kelsey was twelve years old, his grandfather died of cancer. In 1968, his father was murdered in a home invasion. In 1975, his sister was kidnapped, raped, and murdered in Colorado Springs. In 1980, his two teenage half-brothers died in a scuba diving accident. Grammer attended Pine Crest School, a private preparatory school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It was there that he first began to sing and perform on stage. Grammer won a scholarship to study drama at the Juilliard School. He was a member of Group 6 from 1973 to 1975. Owing to his sister's murder, however, Grammer failed to attend classes and was eventually expelled. According to his interview with the Cayman Compass in 2019, Grammer described himself as ""a Caribbean kid"" who ""was born in St. Thomas, USVI, and I have been back and forth a lot, gone to the Bahamas a lot, St. John and the Virgin Islands and the BVI."" After leaving Juilliard, Grammer had a three-year internship with the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in the late 1970s before a stint in 1980 at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He made his Broadway debut in 1981 as ""Lennox"" in Macbeth, taking the lead role when Philip Anglim withdrew after receiving negative reviews. Grammer then played Michael Cassio in a Broadway revival of Othello, with James Earl Jones and Christopher Plummer. In 1983 he performed in the demo of the Stephen Sondheim–James Lapine production Sunday in the Park with George, starring Mandy Patinkin. In April-June of 1992, he played the title role in Richard II, staged at the Mark Taper Forum at the Los Angeles Music Center In 2000, Grammer again played Macbeth on Broadway, in a production that closed after only 10 days. On April 18, 2010, Grammer made his Broadway musical debut playing the role of Georges in a revival of the Jerry Herman/Harvey Fierstein musical La Cage aux Folles at the Longacre Theatre. Grammer starred alongside Douglas Hodge for which they both were nominated for Tony Awards for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical. Grammer was described by critics as ""equally fine"", ""delivering an assured and charming leading turn"". In March 2015, Grammer originated the roles of Charles Frohman and Captain Hook in the Broadway premiere of the musical Finding Neverland continuing with the roles through June 28, 2015. He returned to the stage from January 19 to April 3, 2016. Most recently he made an appearance in the West End production of Big Fish. In 2016, Grammer won a Tony Award as a producer of The Color Purple. In 2019, Grammer starred as Don Quixote in a production of Man of La Mancha at the London Coliseum. In 1984, Grammer first appeared as Dr. Frasier Crane in the NBC sitcom Cheers. Grammer's former Juilliard classmate and Broadway co-star Mandy Patinkin suggested Grammer to the New York casting director, and he got what was supposed to be a six-episode job, but ended up as a regular cast member. Cheers was created by James Burrows and aired on NBC from September 30, 1982, to May 20, 1993. The show is set in a bar named Cheers in Boston where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, and socialize. The character of Frasier first appears in the third season and continues to appear until the final season of the series, which aired in May 1993. Grammer has provided the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons, winning an Emmy Award for his work in the episode ""The Italian Bob"", his fifth Emmy win. He has appeared in twenty-two episodes from the show's beginning in 1989 through 2019's ""Bobby, It's Cold Outside"". In September 1993 the character became the center of the spin-off Frasier, which became one of the most successful spin-offs in television history. In addition to starring, he also directed more than 30 episodes, especially during the second half of the series, and sang the closing theme ""Tossed Salads and Scrambled Eggs."" Frasier was nominated for and won many awards during its 11-year run, concluding in May 2004. In the show Frasier has moved from Boston to Seattle and works as a radio psychiatrist alongside his producer Roz (Peri Gilpin). The show also starred David Hyde Pierce as Niles, Frasier's brother, and John Mahoney as his father, Martin Crane. Jane Leeves plays his father's health care worker Daphne Moon. The show was a critical hit, and received the most Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series. This record has never been broken, with Modern Family tying the record. Grammer himself received 10 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his role in Frasier, winning four times, tying him with Carroll O'Connor, Michael J. Fox and Jim Parsons for the most wins for Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series. In February 2021, it was announced that Grammer would reprise the character in a revival set to air on the streaming service Paramount+. In 1995, Grammer voiced Dr. Frankenollie in the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain (1995), and it was nominated for Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He later starred in the lead role as Lt. Commander Thomas ""Tom"" Dodge in the film Down Periscope (1996), and voiced Vladimir ""Vlad"" Vanya Voinitsky Vasilovich in the 20th Century Fox's critically acclaimed animated movie Anastasia (1997). In 1999, Grammer voiced the main antagonist Stinky Pete in Pixar's Golden Globe Award-winning Toy Story 2 (1999). He also provided voice work for several other animated television series and direct-to-video films, such as Barbie of Swan Lake, Bartok the Magnificent, the title character in the short-lived animated series Gary the Rat and the narrator of Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas. He also voiced Dr. Ivan Krank in Disney's Teacher's Pet (2004). In 2001, he negotiated a $700,000-per-episode salary for Frasier. The series lasted 11 seasons running from 1993 to 2004. His 20-year run playing Dr. Frasier Crane (in both Cheers and Fraiser) ties a length set by James Arness in playing Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975 but was surpassed by Richard Belzer in playing Det. John Munch on Homicide: Life on the Street and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1993. Frasier Crane also had a crossover appearance in 1992 Wings episode ""Planes, Trains, & Visiting Cranes"". The show featured a variety of guest stars from Cheers including Ted Danson, Shelley Long, Woody Harrelson, Rhea Perlman, George Wendt and John Ratzenberger. Bebe Neuwirth appears in a recurring role throughout the series as Frasier's ex-wife Lilith. Other guest stars include Laura Linney, James Earl Jones, Nathan Lane, Patrick Stewart, Patrick Macnee, Derek Jacobi, Michael Keaton, Laurie Metcalf, Jean Smart and Eva Marie Saint. One of Frasier 's in-jokes was its use of celebrities as guest stars who were put through on Frasier's radio program as callers seeking advice. In 2004, he played Ebenezer Scrooge in the musical television film A Christmas Carol. In 2005, Grammer returned to television. He produced and appeared in an American adaptation of the British show The Sketch Show, which aired on Fox. The main cast consisted of Malcolm Barrett, Kaitlin Olson, Mary Lynn Rajskub and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as Lee Mack from the British version of the show. Grammer appeared in only short opening and closing segments in each episode. Many of the sketches from the British version were re-created, such as the ""California Dreamin'"", ""English Course"", and ""Sign Language"" sketches. Only six episodes of the show were made, and it was cancelled after only four of them had aired. In 2007, Grammer starred with Patricia Heaton in the American sitcom Back to You, which Fox cancelled after its first season. His next attempt, ABC's Hank, fared even worse. It was cancelled after only five episodes had aired. Grammer later commented, ""Honestly, it just wasn't very funny."" In 2011 and 2012, Grammer found temporary success in the Starz drama series Boss as a fictional mayor of Chicago in the mold of Richard J. Daley which premiered in October 2011. It was his first dramatic TV series. At the 2012 Golden Globe Awards Kelsey Grammer won the award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama for his role on Boss. The show ran for 18 episodes over two seasons. In 2010–2012, Grammer guest starred as a comical version of himself in three episodes of the NBC show 30 Rock alongside Jane Krakowski and Jack McBrayer. In 2014 Grammer returned to sitcom television in Partners with comedian Martin Lawrence. The Lionsgate-produced show was written and executive produced by Robert L. Boyett and Robert Horn, known for writing hit shows like Family Matters, Living Single, Full House, Designing Women, and Perfect Strangers. Despite this, the show was cancelled after its first season. Later that same year, Grammer starred in several films such as Bonaparte in The Expendables 3 (2014) and as Harold Attinger in Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014). The following year in 2015, he played Buckley in Best of Enemies (2015) and appeared in the National Geographic TV film Killing Jesus (2015) as Herod the Great, a film in which he both played a role and narrated. More recent work includes a role as Harry Hamilton in the Netflix film Like Father with Kristen Bell (2018) and as a detective opposite Nicolas Cage in Grand Isle (2019). Grammer's voice has been featured in many commercials. One of the earliest was a 1998 commercial for Honey Nut Cheerios, where he voices the wolf in Little Red Riding Hood. Since 2006, Grammer has provided the voice for television commercials advertising Hyundai. In 2008, Grammer reprised his role of Dr. Frasier Crane in a commercial for Dr Pepper (Frasier and Cheers co-star Bebe Neuwirth also reprised her role as Lilith Sternin in the same commercial, albeit in voice only). In 2015 Grammer and John Lithgow lent their voices to the critically acclaimed documentary Best of Enemies as William F. Buckley, Jr. and Gore Vidal, respectively. The documentary surrounds the events around the televised debates between intellectuals Vidal and Buckley during the 1968 United States presidential election. The film premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and was shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Documentary but did not make the final cut. Video games Grammer's production company, Grammnet Productions, produces the sitcom Girlfriends, its spinoff The Game, the drama Medium, and many other projects. Grammer has been married four times and has seven children and one grandchild as of 2021. His first marriage, to dance instructor Doreen Alderman, lasted from 1982 to 1990, although they were separated for the last six years of that period. They have one daughter, actress Spencer Grammer (born October 9, 1983). Through Spencer, Grammer has one grandson, Emmett Emmanual Hesketh (born October 10, 2011). After his divorce from Alderman, Grammer had a daughter, Kandace Greer Grammer (""Greer Grammer""; born February 15, 1992), with hair and makeup stylist Barrie Buckner. Greer was a cast member on MTV's show Awkward. His second marriage, to Leigh-Anne Csuhany in September 1992, lasted one year. Grammer filed for an annulment when Csuhany was three months pregnant and evicted her from their home. The pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. Grammer claimed she was abusive and fired a gun at him. In 1994, he met 28-year-old Tammi Baliszewski, also known as Tammi Alexander, at a bar in Manhattan Beach, California. In December 1994, they appeared together on the cover of People magazine, announcing their engagement and Grammer's substance abuse problems. In August 1997, Grammer married his third wife, dancer and model Camille Donatacci. They met on a blind date in 1996. They have a daughter, born October 2001, and a son, born August 2004, both born to a surrogate mother. During their marriage, several of Grammer and Donatacci's homes were featured in magazines, including ones in Malibu, California (February 2001, InStyle), Maui (May 2004, InStyle), Long Island, New York (April 2008, InStyle), Bachelor Gulch, Colorado (Architectural Digest), and Bel Air, Los Angeles (Architectural Digest). In New York City, they lived at 15 Central Park West. It was announced on July 1, 2010, that Grammer had filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. Grammer and Donatacci's divorce was finalized on February 10, 2011. On August 12, 2010, Grammer announced that he was going to be a father for the fifth time with girlfriend Kayte Walsh, an English flight attendant 25 years his junior, daughter of former footballer Alan Walsh. However, in October, Grammer announced that Walsh had miscarried six weeks earlier. The couple announced their engagement in December 2010, and married at The Plaza Hotel in New York City on February 25, 2011, two weeks after the finalization of Grammer's third divorce. Grammer and Walsh have a daughter, born July 2012, and two sons, born July 2014 and November 2016. On July 1, 1975, Freddie Glenn, Michael Corbett, and one other man abducted, raped, and murdered Grammer's younger sister, 18-year-old Karen Grammer. Grammer, then 20, identified her body. He and his sister had been close, and he was devastated by her death; his later bouts of alcoholism and drug addiction were fueled in part by guilt and depression. In a 2012 interview with Oprah Winfrey, Grammer said he would be willing to forgive the perpetrators if they would take responsibility for the crime, but that they all continued to say they were innocent. In the same interview, Grammer expressed his loss of faith for a few years after Karen's death. He subsequently forgave Glenn in a 2014 parole hearing after being convinced of Glenn's contrition, but refused to support his release, saying that it would ""be a betrayal of my sister's life"". He named his daughter Spencer Karen Grammer in part for his sister. Karen Grammer's murder and the investigation by the Colorado Springs Police Department was the subject of the episode ""Animal Nature"" of the Investigation Discovery series Homicide Hunter. Grammer is a supporter of the Republican Party and endorses the Tea Party movement on economic issues such as small government and lower taxes; City A.M. described him as ""one of Hollywood's best-known Republicans, a rare spark of red in a blue sea of Democrats"". While a New York magazine profile published in 2010 described him as pro-choice, Grammer in 2015 posted an Instagram photo of himself with his wife Kayte wearing a T-shirt by the pro-life group Abort73. Grammer is supportive of same-sex marriage, stating ""I think marriage is up to two people who love each other"". He has expressed skepticism on the scientific consensus on climate change, comparing the California wildfires to alleged global cooling from his youth and expressing skepticism on the 2011 and 2018 climate meetings. Additionally, he stated in a 2016 interview with The Guardian that the person he admired most was Vladimir Putin ""Because he is so comfortably who he is."" He also expressed support for Britain leaving the European Union, urging them to move forward with it. Grammer has labeled Washington politicians a ""bunch of clowns"". He has expressed an interest in some day running for United States Congress, Mayor of New York City, and the presidency. Grammer was a guest at President George W. Bush's first inauguration. Grammer endorsed Rudy Giuliani in the 2008 presidential primary and later campaigned for John McCain in the general election. Grammer promoted RightNetwork, a conservative start-up American television network. He endorsed Michele Bachmann for the Republican nomination for president in 2012. After Mitt Romney won the nomination, Grammer endorsed him. He supported Ben Carson's candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016, although he endorsed Donald Trump when the latter was selected. Grammer has a history of substance abuse. In 1988, Grammer was charged with drunk driving and cocaine possession and sentenced to 30 days in jail. In August 1990, Grammer was charged again with cocaine possession and was sentenced to three years' probation, fined $500, and required to perform 300 hours of community service. In January 1991, Grammer was given an additional two years' probation for violating his original probation through additional cocaine use. In September 1996, he crashed his Dodge Viper while intoxicated, and subsequently checked into the Betty Ford Center (an alcohol rehabilitation clinic) for 30 days. The cast and producers of both Frasier and Cheers held interventions to help him. Grammer's personal problems affected his work; co-star Bebe Neuwirth and writer Ken Levine cited delays with rehearsals and filming due to his erratic behavior. Writer Dan O'Shannon recalled, however, that He would ooze into the studio, his life all out of sorts. Jimmy would say ""Action,"" and he would snap into Frasier and expound in this very erudite dialogue and be pitch-perfect. And Jimmy would yell ""Cut!"" and he would ooze back into Kelsey—glazed-over eyes, half asleep, going through whatever he was going through. It was the most amazing transformation I'd ever seen. Grammer credits his religion for helping him through with his struggles with alcohol and drug use, as well as his personal tragedies. On May 31, 2008, while paddleboarding with his then-wife Camille in Hawaii, Grammer experienced a heart attack. Their personal assistant, Scott MacLean was essential in saving his life. Grammer was discharged on June 4, 2008, and was said to be ""resting comfortably"" at his Hawaiian residence. Seven weeks after the attack, Grammer told Entertainment Tonight that, although at the time his spokesman described the attack as mild, it was in fact more severe, almost leading to his death, as his heart had stopped. Grammer thought Fox's decision to cancel his TV sitcom Back to You contributed to his health problems, stating that ""It was a very stressful time for me, and a surprise that it was cancelled. But you know, everything that doesn't kill us—which it almost did—makes us stronger!"" In 1988, Grammer was arrested for possession of one-quarter gram of cocaine, after being pulled over in a traffic stop for driving with expired plates in North Hollywood. A year earlier, he had been arrested for a DUI in Van Nuys, and would go on to serve 14 days of a 30-day sentence, as well as 10 days of community service, after failing to comply with the requirements of his parole in 1990. In 1990 Grammer was sentenced to 90 days’ house arrest, ordered to pay a $500 fine, underwent drug and alcohol abuse counseling, and performed 300 hours of community service for his 1988 cocaine possession case. In 1995, Grammer was accused of sleeping with his child's underage babysitter. A grand jury chose not to indict the actor saying, ""The young woman's delay of more than a year in pressing charges against Mr. Grammer made it difficult to support her claim"" according to the County Prosecutor Nicholas L. Bissell Jr. Grammer released a statement saying, ""I have said from the outset that there was no basis for the allegations"". In 1996, Grammer's ex-girlfriend, Cerlette Lamme, sued him for defamation of character and invasion of privacy over content he included in his autobiography So Far. In 1998, Grammer filed a lawsuit against Internet Entertainment Group (IEG), which Grammer claimed had stolen from his home a videotape of him sleeping with a woman. IEG countersued Grammer, denying it was in possession of such a tape, and Grammer's suit was eventually dropped. IEG President Seth Warshavsky later said, ""We have been presented with another Kelsey Grammer tape. But we have no plans to air it. We are still evaluating it at this time."" Grammer won a number of Emmys, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Golden Globes for his work on Frasier. He was the first American actor ever to be nominated for multiple Emmy awards for portraying the same character on three different television shows (Cheers, Frasier, and Wings). In 2010, Grammer received his first Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical for his acclaimed performance in La Cage Aux Folles opposite Douglas Hodge. In 2016, he received his second Tony Award nomination and first win for Best Revival of a Musical as a producer for The Color Purple. On May 22, 2001, he was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for television. In 1999 he received a nomination from Directors Guild of America award for directing the episode Frasier. At the Golden Globes, he has received nine nominations winning three times. ,  Kelsey Grammer  2023-12-24T01:58:46Z  Allen Kelsey Grammer (born February 21, 1955) is an American actor. He gained fame for his role as psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the NBC sitcom Cheers (1984–1993) and its spin-off Frasier (1993–2004, and again in 2023). At 20 years on-air, this is one of the longest-running roles played by a single live-action actor in television history. He has received numerous accolades including a total of six Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Tony Award. He was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2000. Grammer, having trained as an actor at Juilliard and the Old Globe Theatre, made his professional acting debut as Lennox in the 1981 Broadway revival of Macbeth. The following year, he portrayed Cassio acting opposite Christopher Plummer and James Earl Jones in Othello. In 1983, he acted alongside Mandy Patinkin in the original off-Broadway production of Stephen Sondheim's musical Sunday in the Park with George. He has since starred in the leading roles in productions of both Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and My Fair Lady. On film, he is known for his role as Dr. Hank McCoy / Beast in the superhero films X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), and X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014). His other roles include Down Periscope (1996), The Pentagon Wars (1998), and Swing Vote (2008). He is also known for his voice roles in Anastasia (1997), Toy Story 2 (1999), and as Sideshow Bob in The Simpsons. He has appeared in the sitcoms 30 Rock, Modern Family, and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. For his role as the corrupt mayor in the political series Boss (2011–2012), he received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama. In 2010, Grammer returned to Broadway in the musical revival of La Cage aux Folles, where he received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical. In 2016, Grammer won a Tony Award for Best Musical as producer of a musical revival of The Color Purple. In 2019, he starred as Don Quixote in a production of Man of La Mancha at the London Coliseum. In 2023, The Telegraph described Grammer as one of ""the finest actors"" of his generation. Allen Kelsey Grammer was born on February 21, 1955, in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, to Frank Allen Grammer Jr. (d. 1968), and Sally Cranmer (1928–2008). His father was a musician, owned a restaurant called Greer's Place, and owned and edited the Virgin Islands View magazine. His mother was a singer and actress. He had one younger sister, Karen, and four half-siblings from his father's second marriage. Grammer's personal life had been shaped by many family tragedies. Following his parents' divorce, Grammer was raised in New Jersey by his mother and maternal grandparents, Gordon and Evangeline Cranmer. The family later moved to Pompano Beach, Florida, and shortly afterwards, when Grammer was twelve years old, his grandfather died of cancer. In 1968, his father was murdered in St. Thomas by a mentally ill cab driver. In 1975, his sister was kidnapped, raped, and murdered in Colorado Springs. In 1980, his two teenage half-brothers died in a scuba diving accident. Grammer attended Pine Crest School, a private preparatory school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It was there that he first began to sing and perform on stage. Grammer later won a scholarship to study drama at the Juilliard School, where he was a member of Group 6 from 1973 to 1975. However, after his sister's murder, Grammer failed to attend classes and was eventually expelled. According to his interview with the Cayman Compass in 2019, Grammer described himself as ""a Caribbean kid"" who ""was born in St. Thomas, USVI, and I have been back and forth a lot, gone to the Bahamas a lot, St. John and the Virgin Islands and the BVI."" After leaving Juilliard, Grammer had a three-year internship with the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in the late 1970s before a stint in 1980 at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Grammer acted as the Burglar in the LA production of the George Bernard Shaw play Too True to Be Good in 1977. In 1980 he starred in the Roundabout Theatre Company's production of A Month in the Country. He made his Broadway debut in 1981 as ""Lennox"" in Macbeth, taking the lead role when Philip Anglim withdrew after receiving negative reviews. Grammer then played Michael Cassio in the 1982 Broadway revival of Othello, alongside James Earl Jones and Christopher Plummer. That same year he portrayed Codename Lazar in the Public Theatre production of the David Hare play Plenty. In 1983, he performed in the demo of the Stephen Sondheim–James Lapine production Sunday in the Park with George, starring Mandy Patinkin. In 1984, Grammer first appeared as Dr. Frasier Crane in the NBC sitcom Cheers. Grammer's Broadway co-star and former Juilliard classmate, Mandy Patinkin, suggested Grammer to the New York casting director. He was supposed to appear for only six episodes, but ended up as a regular cast member. The character of Frasier first appears in the third season and continues to appear until the final season of the series in May 1993. Frasier Crane also had a crossover appearance in the 1992 Wings episode ""Planes, Trains, & Visiting Cranes."" Grammer has provided the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons, starting in the 1990 episode ""Krusty Gets Busted."" He won a fifth Emmy Award for his work in the episode ""The Italian Bob."" Bob has appeared in twenty-two episodes of the show, the most recent being 2023's ""Treehouse of Horror XXXIV."" From April to June 1992, he played the title role in Richard II, staged at the Mark Taper Forum at the Los Angeles Music Center. In September 1993, the character became the protagonist of spin-off Frasier. In the show, Frasier has moved from Boston to Seattle and works as a radio psychiatrist alongside his producer Roz (Peri Gilpin). In addition to starring, Grammer also directed more than 30 episodes, and sang the closing theme ""Tossed Salads and Scrambled Eggs."" In 2001, he negotiated a $700,000-per-episode salary for Frasier. The show was nominated for, and won, numerous awards during its 11-year run, concluding in May 2004. The show met instant success, and received five Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series. This record has never been broken, with Modern Family tying the record. Grammer himself received 10 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his role in Frasier, winning four times, tying him with Carroll O'Connor, Michael J. Fox and Jim Parsons for the most wins for Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series. His 20-year run playing Dr. Frasier Crane (in both Cheers and Frasier) ties a length set by James Arness in playing Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975, but it was surpassed by Richard Belzer in playing Det. John Munch on Homicide: Life on the Street and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1993. In February 2021, it was announced that Grammer would reprise the character in a revival set to air on the streaming service Paramount+. In 1995, Grammer voiced Dr. Frankenollie in the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain, and it was nominated for Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He later starred in the lead role as Lt. Commander Thomas ""Tom"" Dodge in the film Down Periscope (1996), and voiced Vladimir ""Vlad"" Vasilovich in the 20th Century Fox's critically acclaimed animated movie Anastasia (1997). In 1999, Grammer voiced the main antagonist Stinky Pete in Pixar's Golden Globe Award-winning Toy Story 2 (1999). He also provided voice work for several other animated television series and direct-to-video films, such as Barbie of Swan Lake, Bartok the Magnificent, the title character in the short-lived animated series Gary the Rat, and the narrator of Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas. He also voiced Dr. Ivan Krank in Disney's Teacher's Pet (2004). In 2004, he played Ebenezer Scrooge in the musical television film A Christmas Carol. Grammer's voice has been featured in many commercials. In 1998, he appeared in a commercial for Honey Nut Cheerios, where he voices the wolf in Little Red Riding Hood. Since 2006, Grammer has provided the voice for television commercials advertising Hyundai. In 2008, Grammer reprised his role of Dr. Frasier Crane in a commercial for Dr Pepper (Frasier and Cheers co-star Bebe Neuwirth also reprised her role as Lilith Sternin in the same commercial, albeit in voice only). In 2000, Grammer again played Macbeth on Broadway, in a production that closed after only 10 days. In 2005, Grammer produced an American adaptation of the British show The Sketch Show, which aired on Fox. The main cast consisted of Malcolm Barrett, Kaitlin Olson, Mary Lynn Rajskub and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as Lee Mack from the British version of the show. Grammer appeared in only short opening and closing segments in each episode. Many of the sketches from the British version were re-created. Only six episodes of the show were made, and it was cancelled after just four of them had aired. In 2007, Grammer starred with Patricia Heaton in the American sitcom Back to You, which Fox cancelled after its first season. His next lead role, ABC's Hank, was cancelled after only five episodes had aired. Grammer later commented, ""Honestly, it just wasn't very funny."" On April 18, 2010, Grammer made his Broadway musical debut playing the role of Georges in a revival of the Jerry Herman/Harvey Fierstein musical La Cage aux Folles at the Longacre Theatre. Grammer starred alongside Douglas Hodge for which they both were nominated for Tony Awards for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical. Grammer was said to have been ""delivering an assured and charming leading turn."" In 2011 and 2012, Grammer found temporary success in the Starz drama series Boss as a fictional mayor of Chicago, based on former mayor Richard J. Daley. It premiered in October 2011. It was his first dramatic TV series. At the 2012 Golden Globe Awards Grammer won the award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama for his role. The show ran for 18 episodes over two seasons. From 2010 to 2012, Grammer guest starred as a comical version of himself in three episodes of the NBC show 30 Rock alongside Jane Krakowski and Jack McBrayer. In 2014, Grammer came back to sitcom television when he appeared in Partners with comedian Martin Lawrence. The Lionsgate-produced show was written and executive produced by Robert L. Boyett and Robert Horn, known for writing hit shows like Family Matters, Living Single, Full House, Designing Women, and Perfect Strangers. Despite this, the show was cancelled after its first season. Later that same year, Grammer starred in several films such as Bonaparte in The Expendables 3 (2014) and as Harold Attinger in Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014). He appeared as both the narrator and Herod the Great, in the National Geographic TV film Killing Jesus. In 2015 Grammer and John Lithgow lent their voices to the critically acclaimed documentary Best of Enemies as William F. Buckley, Jr. and Gore Vidal, respectively. The documentary surrounds the events around the televised debates between intellectuals Vidal and Buckley during the 1968 United States presidential election. The film premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and was shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Documentary but did not make the final cut. In March 2015, Grammer originated the roles of Charles Frohman and Captain Hook in the Broadway premiere of the musical Finding Neverland, continuing with the roles through June. In February 2016 he made an appearance in the West End production of Big Fish. In 2016, Grammer won a Tony Award as a producer of The Color Purple. In 2019, Grammer starred as Don Quixote in a production of Man of La Mancha at the London Coliseum. That same year he starred as Harry Hamilton in the Netflix film Like Father (2018), alongside Kristen Bell, and as a detective opposite Nicolas Cage in Grand Isle (2019). Grammer reprised his role as Frasier Crane in the 2023 reboot of Frasier on CBS. Grammer has been married four times, and has seven children and one grandchild. His first marriage, to dance instructor Doreen Alderman, lasted from 1982 to 1990, although they were separated for the last six years of that period. They have one daughter, actress Spencer Grammer (born October 9, 1983). Through Spencer, Grammer has one grandson, born on October 10, 2011. After his divorce from Alderman, Grammer had a daughter, Kandace Greer Grammer (born February 15, 1992), with hair and makeup stylist Barrie Buckner. Kandace was later a cast member on MTV's show Awkward. His second marriage, to Leigh-Anne Csuhany in September 1992, lasted one year. When Csuhany was three months pregnant, Grammer filed for an annulment and evicted her from their home; Grammer claimed she was abusive and fired a gun at him. The pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. In 1994, he met 28-year-old Tammi Baliszewski at a bar in Manhattan Beach, California. In December 1994, they appeared together on the cover of People magazine, announcing their engagement and Grammer's substance abuse problems. In August 1997, Grammer married dancer and model Camille Donatacci. They met on a blind date in 1996. They have a daughter, Mason, born October 2001, and a son, Jude, born August 2004, both born to a surrogate mother. During their marriage, several of Grammer and Donatacci's homes were featured in magazines, including ones in Malibu (February 2001, InStyle), Maui (May 2004, InStyle), Long Island (April 2008, InStyle), Bachelor Gulch (Architectural Digest), and Bel Air, Los Angeles (Architectural Digest). In New York City, they lived at 15 Central Park West. On July 1, 2010, it was announced that Grammer had filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. The pair's divorce was finalized on February 10, 2011. On August 12, 2010, Grammer announced that he was going to be a father for the fifth time, with his girlfriend, Kayte Walsh, an English flight attendant 25 years his junior and daughter of the former footballer Alan Walsh. In October, Grammer announced that Walsh had miscarried six weeks earlier. The couple announced their engagement in December 2010 and married at the Plaza Hotel in New York City on February 25, 2011, two weeks after the dissolution of Grammer's third marriage. Grammer and Walsh have a daughter, born July 2012, and two sons, born July 2014 and November 2016. On January 18, 2023, it was reported that Grammer had purchased a house in his wife's hometown of Portishead, Somerset, England. On July 1, 1975, Grammer's younger sister, 18-year-old Karen Grammer, was raped and murdered by spree killer Freddie Glenn and two other men. Grammer identified his sister's body and informed their mother shortly after. According to Grammer, his bouts of alcoholism and drug abuse were fueled, in part, by guilt and depression due to his sister's death, as the pair had been close in childhood. In a 2012 interview with Oprah Winfrey, Grammer said he would be willing to forgive the perpetrators if they would take responsibility for the crime, though they all claimed innocence. In the same interview, Grammer expressed his loss of faith for several years after Karen's death. He subsequently forgave Glenn in a 2014 parole hearing after being convinced of Glenn's contrition, but refused to support his release, saying that it would ""be a betrayal of my sister's life"". He named his daughter Spencer Karen Grammer in part for his sister. Karen Grammer's murder and the investigation by the Colorado Springs Police Department was the subject of the episode ""Animal Nature"" of the Investigation Discovery series Homicide Hunter. Grammer is a supporter of the Republican Party, and endorsed the Tea Party movement on economic issues such as small government and lower taxes; City A.M. described him as ""one of Hollywood's best-known Republicans, a rare spark of red in a blue sea of Democrats"". A New York magazine profile published in 2010 described Grammer as pro-choice. In 2015, however, his wife posted an Instagram photo of Grammer wearing a T-shirt from the pro-life group Abort73. Grammer supports same-sex marriage, saying: ""I think marriage is up to two people who love each other."" He has expressed disbelief on the scientific consensus on climate change, comparing the California wildfires to alleged global cooling from his youth and criticized the 2011 and 2018 climate meetings. Additionally, he stated in a 2016 interview with The Guardian that the person he admired most was Vladimir Putin ""because he is so comfortably who he is"". In 2019, he issued a statement in support of Brexit. Grammer has criticized Washington politicians, stating: ""I don’t think Washington did us any favors for the last 50, 60 years, I think they’ve all been sort of the same party, the same bunch of clowns"" He has expressed an interest in some day running for United States Congress, Mayor of New York City, and the presidency. In an interview with radio talk show host Frank Morano in August 2021, he indicated that he was no longer interested in running for office. Grammer was a guest at President George W. Bush's first inauguration. Grammer endorsed Rudy Giuliani in the 2008 presidential primary and later campaigned for John McCain in the general election. Grammer also promoted RightNetwork, a conservative start-up American television network. He endorsed Michele Bachmann for the Republican nomination for president in 2012. Grammer later endorsed Mitt Romney, after he had won the nomination. He supported Ben Carson's candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016, although voiced support for Donald Trump's policies while describing him as a ""brat"". In December 2023, when asked by the BBC during the promotional tour for a new series of Frasier, if he still supported Donald Trump, he stated he did, before the interview was cut short by a Paramount executive. Grammer has a history of substance abuse. In 1988, he was charged with drunk driving and cocaine possession and sentenced to 30 days in jail. In August 1990, Grammer was charged again with cocaine possession and was sentenced to three years' probation, fined $500, and required to perform 300 hours of community service. In January 1991, Grammer was given an additional two years' probation for violating his original probation through additional cocaine use. In September 1996, he crashed his Dodge Viper while intoxicated, and subsequently checked into the Betty Ford Center for 30 days. Grammer's personal problems affected his work. The cast and producers of both Frasier and Cheers held interventions to help him; co-star Bebe Neuwirth and writer Ken Levine cited delays with rehearsals and filming due to his erratic behavior. The writer Dan O'Shannon recalled: He would ooze into the studio, his life all out of sorts. Jimmy would say ""Action,"" and he would snap into Frasier and expound in this very erudite dialogue and be pitch-perfect. And Jimmy would yell ""Cut!"" and he would ooze back into Kelsey—glazed-over eyes, half asleep, going through whatever he was going through. It was the most amazing transformation I'd ever seen. Grammer credits his religion for helping him confront his personal problems. On May 31, 2008, while paddleboarding with his then-wife Camille in Hawaii, Grammer had a heart attack. Their personal assistant, Scott MacLean, was essential in saving his life. Grammer was discharged on June 4, 2008, and was said to be ""resting comfortably"" at his Hawaiian residence. Seven weeks after the attack, Grammer told Entertainment Tonight that, although his spokesman described the attack as mild, it was more severe as his heart had stopped. Grammer thought Fox's decision to cancel his TV sitcom Back to You contributed to his health problems, saying: ""It was a very stressful time for me, and a surprise that it was cancelled. But you know, everything that doesn't kill us—which it almost did—makes us stronger!"" In 1988, Grammer was arrested for possession of one-quarter gram of cocaine, after being pulled over in a traffic stop for driving with expired plates in North Hollywood. A year earlier, he had been arrested for a DUI in Van Nuys, and would go on to serve 14 days of a 30-day sentence. Grammer later served 10 days of community service after failing to comply with the requirements of his parole in 1990. Later in the same year, Grammer was sentenced to 90 days of house arrest, ordered to pay a $500 fine, underwent drug and alcohol abuse counseling, and performed 300 hours of community service for his 1988 cocaine possession case. In 1995, Grammer was accused of raping his child's underage babysitter. A grand jury chose not to indict the actor, stating: ""The young woman's delay of more than a year in pressing charges against Mr. Grammer made it difficult to support her claim."" Grammer released a statement shortly afterward, saying: ""I have said from the outset that there was no basis for the allegations."" In 1996, Grammer's ex-girlfriend, Cerlette Lamme, sued him for defamation of character and invasion of privacy over content he included in his autobiography So Far.... In 1998, Grammer filed a lawsuit against Internet Entertainment Group (IEG), which Grammer claimed had stolen from his home a videotape of him sleeping with a woman. IEG counter-sued Grammer, denying it was in possession of such a tape, and Grammer's suit was dropped. IEG President Seth Warshavsky later said, ""We have been presented with another Kelsey Grammer tape. But we have no plans to air it. We are still evaluating it at this time."" Grammer won numerous awards and accolades, particularly for his work on Frasier. He was the first American actor to be nominated for multiple Emmy awards for portraying the same character on three different television shows (Cheers, Frasier, and Wings). In 2010, Grammer received his first Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical for his performance in La Cage Aux Folles opposite Douglas Hodge. He later won the Best Revival of a Musical, as a producer for The Color Purple, in 2016. On May 22, 2001, he was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for television. He received a nomination from the Directors Guild of America Award in 1999, for directing the Frasier episode ""Merry Christmas, Mrs. Moskowitz."" At the Golden Globes, he has received nine nominations and won three.",1
Compile Heart,"Compile Heart  2012-03-03T06:59:26Z  COMPILE HEART Co.,Ltd. (株式会社コンパイルハート, Kabushikigaisha Konpairu Hāto) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded in 2006-06-02. It is a division of Idea Factory. The company was formerly managed by Compile's former executive Moo Niitani before his retirement in 2006-12. It has developed Dungeon of Windaria and Jigoku Shōjo Akekazura for the Nintendo DS, Octomania and Sugoro Chronicle: Migite ni Ken wo Hidarite ni Saikoro wo for Wii, Megazone 23: Aoi Garland and Hyperdimension Neptunia for PlayStation 3, and Record of Agarest War: Re-appearance and Cross Edge for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.,  Compile Heart  2013-12-25T01:39:06Z  COMPILE HEART Co.,Ltd. (株式会社コンパイルハート, Kabushikigaisha Konpairu Hāto) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded on the second of June, 2006 as a division of Idea Factory. The company was formerly managed by Compile's former executive Moo Niitani before his retirement in December 2012. Compile Heart is primarily known for its Hyperdimension Neptunia and Record of Agarest War brands. Compile Heart has announced a brand new RPG project called Galapagos RPG, that aims to create new RPGs with a Japanese style, aimed towards Japanese gamers. The first game from this project is a ""Fantasy RPG"" with a dark tone called Fairy Fencer F, featuring Yoshitaka Amano as a concept artist, Nobuo Uematsu (with the Earthbound Papas) as composers, Tsunako as a character designer, Toshiki Inoue as a screenwriter and the ""Neptunia Team"" as the developer team. The game has an evolved version of Hyperdimension Neptunia battle system. Fairy Fencer F was released in Japan on September 19, 2013.",1
FK Sloboda Užice,"FK Sloboda Užice  2010-02-08T06:02:14Z  FK Sloboda Užice (Serbian: ФК Слобода Ужице) is a football club from Užice, Serbia. The club was founded in 1925. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. start  end,  FK Sloboda Užice  2011-12-27T22:23:28Z  FK Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Слобода Ужице) is a football club from Užice, Serbia. In 2010 Sloboda merged with Sevojno Point, which had just been promoted to the Super Liga, and from then the club plays in the Super Liga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name ""Sloboda Užice"" was restored as the club's official name on October 13, 2011. The club was founded in spring 1925 as part of sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of FK Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against FK Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2-2 draw. In the 1928-29 season the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929 the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Workers' Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name - USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) - which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the season 1936-37 Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year latter, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945 the club was reestablished under its original name, Sloboda and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice. Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the Football Association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the Football Federation. Until 1947 the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956 the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica, and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the season 1962-63 played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2-0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's FK Železnik and Tetovo's FK Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on February 19th 1967 when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1-1 draw in the Yugoslav cup before losing 1-2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club menaged to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League group East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5-0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the season 1987/88 by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the season 1991-92 the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993-94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against FK Borac Čačak by 4-1, and in Pljevlja against FK Rudar Pljevlja by 1-0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995 it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995-96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against FK Proleter Zrenjanin and FK Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Srpska Liga (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced its merge with FK Sevojno, that achieved promotion to the Serbian SuperLiga, and a new era in the club seemed to begin. The stadium FK Sloboda Point Užice on Begluk is the ground of the club in Užice, Serbia. The stadium is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a capacity for 12,000 spectators and was built in 1946, while it was reconstructed in 1980. On the existing stadium in Užice is planned the reconstruction of the entire western stands with 5200 seats and stands of northern and southern extension panels. The project will be financed by the Government of the Republic of Serbia, together with the city authorities of Užice. As of December 2011. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers,",1
Ashok Gehlot,"Ashok Gehlot  2007-01-03T07:07:10Z  Ashok Gehlot (born May 3 1951) is a leader of Indian National Congress party. He was chief minister of indian state of Rajasthan from 1 December 1998 to 8 December 2003. Earlier he remained MP Loksabha several times & was a junior minister in government of India. He hails from Jodhpur City. Ashok Gehlot was singly handedly responsible to worst ever electoral defeat of Congress Party in Rajasthan since first general elections in 1952. In April 2004 a property dealer released a tape to electronoc media in Jaipur that showed three ministers in then Ashok Gehlot Ministry namely Choggaram Bakolia, Taqiuddin Ahmed and Gulab Singh Shaktawat taking money while promising official favours. The tape also showed deals being struck between Mr Pehalwan ,the property dealer and Kanwar Sen Gehlot, elder brother of Mr Ashok Gehlot. ,  Ashok Gehlot  2008-12-30T17:46:11Z  Ashok Gehlot (Hindi: अशोक गहलोत) (born May 3 1951) is a leader of Indian National Congress party and the present chief minister of the Indian state of Rajasthan. He earlier also served as chief minister of the state from 1998 to 2003. His current term began on December 13, 2008, following Congress's victory in the state elections. He was also a member of the Lok Sabha and a junior Minister in the central government of India. He hails from Jodhpur City. Graduation: B.Sc. (Bachelor of Science), LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) Masters: M.A. (Master of Arts in Economics) In April 2004 a property dealer released a tape to the electronic media in Jaipur that showed three ministers in then Ashok Gehlot Ministry, namely Choggaram Bakolia, Taqiuddin Ahmed and Gulab Singh Shaktawat taking money while promising official favours. The tape also showed deals being struck between Mr Pehalwan, the property dealer and Kanwar Sen Gehlot, elder brother of Mr Ashok Gehlot.",1
Staten_Island_Ninja,"Staten_Island_Ninja  2007-11-13T14:21:14Z   The Staten Island Ninja, also known as the ninja bandit, is a burglar who breaks into Staten Island homes and robs them while dressed as a ninja. He may have hit as many as 16 homes since June, 2007. He has been described as a 6 foot tall man with medium build. Although he seems to have a non-violent policy, he has attacked one of the victims of his burglary with nunchaku. This victim then stabbed the ninja in his chest, after which, the ninja got away. He is known to mainly work at night on Wednesdays, although he has hit during the day and on every other day of the week as well. His target is mainly wealthier homes on Staten Island. The Staten Island Ninja has garnered a large response from the general public. While some view him as a joke, NYPD has found him a serious threat, having dedicated two task forces comprised of 36 officers to his case. ,  Staten_Island_Ninja  2009-08-06T10:47:04Z   The Staten Island Ninja, also known as the ninja burglar or ninja bandit, is a burglar who broke into homes in the Staten Island borough of New York City and stole from them while dressed as a ninja. He may have hit as many as 19+ homes since June, 2007. He has been described by investigators as a white male, dressed in black and what appears to be a ski mask. He's between 5 feet 8 inches and 6 feet tall, and weighs roughly 180 pounds. He primarily works at night on Wednesdays, although he has hit during the day and on every other day of the week as well. His target is mainly wealthier homes on Staten Island, particularly in the more affluent neighborhood of Todt Hill. The Staten Island Ninja had garnered a large response from the general public. While some regard him as a joke, the New York Police Department had found him a serious threat, having dedicated two task forces of 36 officers to his case. There was even a $6,000 reward from the city for the capture of the burglar. The local newspaper, the Staten Island Advance, said the ninja bandit was the number one story of Staten Island for the year 2007 On April 23, 2008 police quietly closed the book on Staten Island so-called Ninja Burglar case after authorities started deportation proceedings against at least one Albanian man believed to be connected to the string of break-ins. The police department dismantled the team in charged of hunting for the burglar after their forensic and investigative leads were exhausted, but ""investigators believe that an individual suspected (but with insufficient evidence to make an arrest) of being the burglar is among three Albanian nationals currently facing deportation because of their illegal status in the United States. "" Investigators were first clued into a possible Albanian connection when they learned that several men, from the same area of Albania, formed a loosely knit crew to commit burglaries. One member of the group got arrested in the middle of a Grasmere burglary in November 2007, after the homeowner caught him in the act and called the cops. A second member was arrested in January 2008, in connection with a May 27, 2007 break-in, after he allegedly left his fingerprints on the scene. His case is still pending, and the federal government has started deportation proceedings against him. Two other members of the group were believed responsible for several of the break-ins in the Ninja Burglar case, but were never charged. Instead, police contacted federal immigration officials who started deportation proceedings against those two members of the group. Police brass have long been loath to acknowledge the serial burglar's ""Ninja"" nickname, and cops refer to the spree - which began last May 30 - simply as ""Pattern 16. "" Update: Monday, June 16 2008 marks another reported incident implicating the ""Ninja Burglar"", this time robbing a Hewlet Harbor home in Long Island. On August 4th, 2009 a robbery on Sabrina Ln. In Staten Island is believed to be the ""Return of the Ninja"" Which leads to speculation whether or not the Ninja was ever caught. http://www. silive. com/eastshore/index. ssf/2009/08/police_investigates_scene_of_b. html",0
Seattle Mariners,"Seattle Mariners  2011-01-05T20:32:22Z  The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. Enfranchised in 1977, the Mariners are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Safeco Field has been the Mariners' home ballpark since July 1999. From their 1977 inception until June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome. The ""Mariners"" name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle. They are nicknamed ""the M's"", a title featured in their primary logo from 1987-1992. The current team colors are Navy Blue, Northwest Green (also known as dark cyan), and Metallic Silver, after having been Royal Blue and Gold from 1977-1992. Their mascot is the Mariner Moose. The organization did not field a winning team until 1991, and any real success eluded them until 1995 when they won their first division championship and defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Division Series. The game-winning hit in Game 5, in which Edgar Martinez drove home Ken Griffey, Jr. to win the game in the 11th inning, clinched a series win for the Mariners, and has since become an iconic moment in team history. The Mariners won 116 games in 2001, which set the American League record for most wins in a single season and tied the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the Major League record for most wins in a single season. Despite several successful seasons, especially between 1995 and 2001, they are one of only two MLB franchises (and the only American League team) never to have gained a berth in a World Series; the Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals of the National League are the other team. Owned by Nintendo of America, the Mariners are one of three Major League Baseball teams under corporate ownership; the other two are the Atlanta Braves and the Toronto Blue Jays. The Mariners were created as a result of a lawsuit. In 1970, in the aftermath of the Seattle Pilots' purchase and relocation to Milwaukee by future Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig, the City of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington (represented by then-State Attorney General and later U.S. Senator Slade Gorton) sued the American League for breach of contract. Confident that Major League Baseball would return to Seattle within a few years, King County built the multi-purpose Kingdome, which would become home to the NFL's expansion Seattle Seahawks in 1976. The Mariners played their first game on April 6, 1977, to a sold-out crowd of 57,762 at the Kingdome, losing 7-0 to the California Angels. The first home run in team history was hit on April 10, 1977, by designated hitter Juan Bernhardt. That year, star pitcher Diego Segui, in his last major league season, became the only player to play for both the Pilots and the Mariners. The Mariners finished with a 64–98 record, echoing the record the 1969 Pilots once held. In 1979, Seattle hosted the 50th Major League Baseball All-Star Game. After the 1981 season, the Mariners were sold to California businessman and future U.S. Ambassador to Spain George Argyros. In 1993, the Mariners donned their current uniforms. During the 1992-93 offseason, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who had led the Cincinnati Reds to victory in the 1990 World Series. Mariner fans embraced Piniella, and he would helm the team from 1993 through 2002, winning two American League Manager of the Year Awards along the way. The 2001 Mariners led the major leagues in winning percentage all season long, easily winning the American League West division championship, breaking the 1998 Yankees American League single-season record of 114 wins, and matching the Major League Baseball record for single-season wins of 116 set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. At the end of the season, Ichiro won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove Awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox's Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. On October 22, 2008 the Mariners announced the hiring of Jack Zduriencik, formerly scouting director of the Milwaukee Brewers, as their general manager. Weeks later, on November 18, the team named Oakland Athletics bench coach Don Wakamatsu as its new field manager. Wakamatsu and Zduriencik hired an entirely new coaching staff for 2009, which included former World Series MVP John Wetteland as bullpen coach. The off-season also saw a litany of roster moves, headlined by a 12-player, 3-team trade that included sending All-Star closer J.J. Putz to the New York Mets and brought 5 players—including prospect Mike Carp and outfielder Endy Chavez from New York and outfielder Franklin Gutierrez from the Cleveland Indians—to Seattle. Many of the moves, like the free agent signing of Mike Sweeney, were made in part with the hope of squelching the clubhouse infighting that plagued the Mariners in 2008. It also saw the return of Seattle favorite Ken Griffey Jr. The 2009-10 offseason was highlighted by the trade for 2008 American League Cy Young Award winner Cliff Lee from the Philadelphia Phillies, the signing of third baseman Chone Figgins and the contract extension of star pitcher ""King"" Felix Hernandez. On June 2, 2010 Ken Griffey Jr. announced his retirement after 22 MLB seasons On August 9, 2010 the Mariners fired field manager Don Wakamatsu along with bench coach Ty Van Burkleo, pitching coach Rick Adair and performance coach Steve Hecht. Daren Brown, the manager of the AAA affiliate Tacoma Rainiers, took over as interim field manager. Roger Hansen, the former Minor League catching coordinator, was promoted to bench coach. Carl Willis, the former Minor League pitching coordinator, was promoted to pitching coach. The Mariners hired former Cleveland Indians manger Eric Wedge as their new manager on October 19, 2010. On November 10, 2010, Dave Niehaus, the Mariners' play-by-play announcer since the team's founding, died of a heart attack at the age of 75. With the Texas Rangers winning their first American League pennant in 2010, the Mariners are now the sole remaining AL club without a pennant, and one of only two in the major leagues, with the Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals being the other. The team mainly plays spring training games in the Peoria Sports Complex in Peoria, Arizona. They share the complex and stadium with the San Diego Padres. MLB season This is a partial list listing the past twelve completed regular seasons. For the full season records, see here. First team of 2008 to officially be eliminated from the 2008 playoffs. Worst record since 1983, which was the last time they had lost over 100 games in a season. First team in MLB history to lose 100 games with a $100 million payroll. Former Executive Pat Gillick was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee. The following elected members of the Baseball Hall of Fame spent part of their careers with the Mariners. None is depicted on his plaque wearing a Mariners cap insignia. Gaylord Perry Pat Gillick† Rich ""Goose"" Gossage Rickey Henderson Dick Williams Dave Niehaus Seattle Mariners former chairman and CEO John Ellis announced on June 14, 1997 the creation of a Mariners Hall of Fame. It is operated by the Seattle Mariners organization. It honors the players, staff and other individuals that greatly contributed to the history and success of the Mariners franchise. It is located at the Baseball Museum of the Pacific Northwest in Safeco Field. The current members of the Mariners Hall of Fame are: The Seattle Mariners have not retired any uniform numbers. Official team policy states that number retirement is reserved for players in the National Baseball Hall of Fame who played for at least five years with the Mariners, or career Mariners players whose name appears at least once on the Hall of Fame ballot. Despite not officially retiring any numbers, the team has not reissued the numbers 11 (Edgar Martínez), 14 (Lou Piniella), 19 (Jay Buhner) or 24 (Ken Griffey, Jr.) to any uniformed staff since the last player to have worn the number left the team. Uniform number 00 is presumed off-limits, as it has been worn by the Mariner Moose since 1997 (outfielder Jeffrey Leonard was the last player to don 00 for the M's, in 1990). From 1990 to 1996, the Moose wore the last 2 digits of the year of the current season. Jackie Robinson's number, 42, was retired throughout Major League Baseball on April 15, 1997. Number 51, worn by Randy Johnson, was withheld from players from 1998 until 2001, when it was awarded to Ichiro Suzuki upon his request after wearing it for his entire career in Japan. 24 was not issued from the time Ken Griffey, Jr. left the team after the 1999 season until it was re-issued to him when he returned in 2009 and has not been reissued since his retirement in 2010. Rally Fries are a baseball tradition started by Mariners broadcaster Mike Blowers in 2007. During a game against the Cincinnati Reds, a fan tried to catch a foul ball along the right-field line but in turn spilled his tray of fries along the track. While chatting on the air and seeing the mishap, Blowers' partner, Dave Sims, suggested that he should send a new tray of fries to the fan. Blowers agreed, and sent his intern to deliver a plate of fries to the man. However, on the next game, fans made signs and boards, asking Blowers for free fries as well. Coincidently, every time the fries were delivered, the Mariners seem to score or rally from a deficit, and thus the ""Rally Fries"" were created. This became so popular with the fans that signs were even seen when the Mariners were on the road, though on August 1, 2009, Blowers mentioned he doesn't award winners on the road. Generally, Blowers will select a person or a group of people that appeals to him, whether it is through fans wearing elaborate costumes or waving funny signs and boards. The fries are usually delivered from Ivar's, a common sight in Safeco Field. Ivar's is a Seattle-based seafood restaurant. The amount of fries given out varies with the size of the winning group of fans. The winners are generally selected around the 5th or 6th inning, although potential candidates are shown in almost every inning beforehand. Pitchers Starting rotation Bullpen Closer(s) Catchers Infielders Outfielders Designated hitters Pitchers Catchers Infielders Outfielders Manager Coaches 60-day injured list The Mariners' flagship radio station is KIRO-AM 710 (ESPN Radio), which previously broadcast Mariners contests from 1985-2002. Former flagship stations include KOMO 1000 AM (2003–2008), and KVI 570 AM (1977–1984). Television rights are held by FSN Northwest. In years past, Mariners games have also appeared in Seattle on over-the-air stations KING-TV, KIRO-TV, KTZZ-TV, and KSTW-TV. Select Mariners games are also available on Canadian television, due to an agreement between FSN Northwest and Rogers Sportsnet. The Mariners broadcast team for 2010 featured Dave Niehaus and Rick Rizzs- back for their 32nd and 23rd seasons with the club, respectively- as well as veteran broadcaster Dave Sims and former infielder Mike Blowers. For the first three innings of each game, Niehaus worked the television broadcast with Blowers, and Rizzs and Sims handled radio duties; after the third inning, Niehaus and Sims traded places. Niehaus, who had broadcast for the Mariners since their inaugural season of 1977, passed away on November 10th, 2010. Seattle radio personality Matt Pitman hosts the post-game show on the Mariners' radio network, along with clubhouse reporter Shannon Drayer. Spanish-language radio broadcast duties are handled by Alex Rivera on play-by-play and former second baseman Julio Cruz providing color commentary. Tom Hutyler has been the Mariners' public address announcer since 1987, first at the Kingdome, and presently at Safeco Field. During the period that KOMO 1000 AM was the Mariners' flagship radio station, Hutyler occasionally hosted the postgame radio show. Seattle Mariners  Team Seattle Mariners  League,  Seattle Mariners  2012-12-20T13:37:33Z  The Seattle Mariners are a professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. Enfranchised in 1977, the Mariners are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Safeco Field has been the Mariners' home ballpark since July 1999. From their 1977 inception until June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome. The ""Mariners"" name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle. They are nicknamed ""the M's"", a title featured in their primary logo from 1987–1992. The current team colors are Navy Blue, Northwest Green (also known as dark cyan), and Metallic Silver, after having been Royal Blue and Gold from 1977–1992. Their mascot is the Mariner Moose. The organization did not field a winning team until 1991, and any real success eluded them until 1995 when they won their first division championship and defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Division Series. The game-winning hit in Game 5, in which Edgar Martínez drove home Ken Griffey, Jr. to win the game in the 11th inning, clinched a series win for the Mariners, and has since become an iconic moment in team history. The Mariners won 116 games in 2001, which set the American League record for most wins in a single season and tied the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the Major League record for most wins in a single season. The Mariners are one of eight Major League Baseball teams without a World Series title, and one of two (along with the Washington Nationals) to never have appeared in a World Series. Owned by Nintendo of America, the Mariners are one of three Major League Baseball teams under corporate ownership; the other two are the Atlanta Braves and the Toronto Blue Jays. The Mariners were created as a result of a lawsuit. In 1970, in the aftermath of the Seattle Pilots' purchase and relocation to Milwaukee (as the Milwaukee Brewers) by future Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig, the City of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington (represented by then-State Attorney General and later U.S. Senator Slade Gorton) sued the American League for breach of contract. Confident that Major League Baseball would return to Seattle within a few years, King County built the multi-purpose Kingdome, which would become home to the NFL's expansion Seattle Seahawks in 1976. The Mariners played their first game on April 6, 1977, to a sold-out crowd of 57,762 at the Kingdome, losing 7–0 to the California Angels. The first home run in team history was hit on April 10, 1977, by designated hitter Juan Bernhardt. That year, star pitcher Diego Seguí, in his last major league season, became the only player to play for both the Pilots and the Mariners. The Mariners finished with a 64–98 record, echoing the record the 1969 Pilots once held. In 1979, Seattle hosted the 50th Major League Baseball All-Star Game. After the 1981 season, the Mariners were sold to California businessman and future U.S. Ambassador to Spain George Argyros. In 1993, the Mariners donned their current uniforms. During the 1992–93 offseason, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who had led the Cincinnati Reds to victory in the 1990 World Series. Mariner fans embraced Piniella, and he would helm the team from 1993 through 2002, winning two American League Manager of the Year Awards along the way. The 2001 Mariners club finished with a record of 116-46, leading all of Major League Baseball in winning percentage for the duration of the season and easily winning the American League West division championship. In so doing, the team broke the 1998 Yankees American League single-season record of 114 wins and matched the all-time MLB single-season record for wins set by the 1906 Chicago Cubs. At the end of the season, Ichiro Suzuki won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove Awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox's Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. On October 22, 2008 the Mariners announced the hiring of Jack Zduriencik, formerly scouting director of the Milwaukee Brewers, as their general manager. Weeks later, on November 18, the team named Oakland Athletics bench coach Don Wakamatsu as its new field manager. Wakamatsu and Zduriencik hired an entirely new coaching staff for 2009, which included former World Series MVP John Wetteland as bullpen coach. The off-season also saw a litany of roster moves, headlined by a 12-player, 3-team trade that included sending All-Star closer J. J. Putz to the New York Mets and brought 5 players—including prospect Mike Carp and outfielder Endy Chávez from New York and outfielder Franklin Gutierrez from the Cleveland Indians—to Seattle. Many of the moves, like the free agent signing of Mike Sweeney, were made in part with the hope of squelching the clubhouse infighting that plagued the Mariners in 2008. It also saw the return of Seattle favorite Ken Griffey, Jr. The 2009–10 offseason was highlighted by the trade for 2008 American League Cy Young Award winner Cliff Lee from the Philadelphia Phillies, the signing of third baseman Chone Figgins and the contract extension of star pitcher ""King"" Félix Hernández. On June 2, 2010 Ken Griffey, Jr. announced his retirement after 22 MLB seasons. On August 9, 2010 the Mariners fired field manager Don Wakamatsu along with bench coach Ty Van Burkleo, pitching coach Rick Adair and performance coach Steve Hecht. Daren Brown, the manager of the AAA affiliate Tacoma Rainiers, took over as interim field manager. Roger Hansen, the former Minor League catching coordinator, was promoted to bench coach. Carl Willis, the former Minor League pitching coordinator, was promoted to pitching coach. The Mariners hired former Cleveland Indians manager Eric Wedge as their new manager on October 19, 2010. On November 10, 2010, Dave Niehaus, the Mariners' play-by-play announcer since the team's founding, died of a heart attack at the age of 75. In memory of Niehaus, Seattle rapper Macklemore wrote a tribute song called ""My Oh My"" in December 2010. He performed the song at the 2011 Mariner's Opening Day on April 8. On July 27, 2011, the Mariners ended a franchise high 17-game losing streak with a win against the New York Yankees. On April 21, 2012, Philip Humber of the Chicago White Sox threw the third perfect game in the Chicago White Sox history against the Mariners at Safeco Field in Seattle, Washington. It was the 21st perfect game in MLB history. On June 8, 2012, the Mariners starting pitcher Kevin Millwood and five other pitchers combined to throw the tenth combined no-hitter in MLB history and the first in team history. The last combined one occurred in 2003, when six Houston Astros no-hit the New York Yankees in New York. The six pitchers used in a no-hitter is a major league record. On July 23, 2012, Ichiro Suzuki was traded to the New York Yankees for two minor leaguers and cash. Ironically the trade was announced before the start of a three-game home series against the Yankees, and throughout the series, Ichiro was given a standing ovation during starting lineup introductions, during his at-bats, and after each game. On August 15, 2012, Félix Hernández pitched the first perfect game in team history, shutting down the Tampa Bay Rays 1-0 at Safeco Field. It was the 23rd perfect game in MLB history and the first in Seattle Mariners history. The team mainly plays spring training games in Peoria, Arizona at the Peoria Sports Complex. They share the complex and stadium with the San Diego Padres. This is a partial list listing the past 15 completed regular seasons. For the full season records, see here. First team of 2008 to officially be eliminated from the 2008 playoffs. Worst record since 1983, which was the last time they had lost over 100 games in a season. First team in MLB history to lose 100 games with a $100 million payroll. Dave Niehaus won the Ford C. Frick Award, presented by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Ichiro and Franklin Gutiérrez won the 2010 Rawlings Gold Glove awards for AL Right Field and Center Field, respectively. Former Executive Pat Gillick was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee. Ichiro had his tenth consecutive season batting over .300 with 200 hits, winning a Rawlings Gold Glove Award, and appearing in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The following elected members of the Baseball Hall of Fame spent part of their careers with the Mariners. None is depicted on his plaque wearing a Mariners cap insignia. Gaylord Perry Pat Gillick† Goose Gossage Rickey Henderson Dick Williams Dave Niehaus Seattle Mariners former chairman and CEO John Ellis announced on June 14, 1997 the creation of a Mariners Hall of Fame. It is operated by the Seattle Mariners organization. It honors the players, staff and other individuals that greatly contributed to the history and success of the Mariners franchise. It is located at the Baseball Museum of the Pacific Northwest in Safeco Field. The current members of the Mariners Hall of Fame are: The Seattle Mariners have not retired any uniform numbers. Official team policy states that number retirement is reserved for players in the National Baseball Hall of Fame who played for at least five years with the Mariners, or career Mariners players whose name has appeared on at least one Hall of Fame ballot. Despite not officially retiring any numbers, the team has not reissued the numbers 11 (Edgar Martínez), 14 (Lou Piniella), 19 (Jay Buhner) or 24 (Ken Griffey, Jr.) to any uniformed staff since the last player to have worn the number left the team. Number 56 (Greg Halman) has not been issued since his death following the 2011 season. Under current team policy, Martinez, who played his entire major-league career in Seattle and first appeared on the Hall of Fame ballot in 2010, is the only player unquestionably eligible to have his number retired. If ""career player"" is interpreted less strictly, Buhner would also be eligible for number retirement. Although he began his MLB career with the New York Yankees, he played less than two full seasons there; he spent the remainder of his 15-year career with the Mariners. He appeared on one Hall of Fame ballot, in 2007. Uniform number 00 is presumed off-limits, as it has been worn by the Mariner Moose since 1997 (outfielder Jeffrey Leonard was the last player to don 00 for the M's, in 1990). From 1990 to 1996, the Moose wore the last 2 digits of the year of the current season. Jackie Robinson's number, 42, was retired throughout Major League Baseball on April 15, 1997. Number 51, worn by Randy Johnson, was withheld from players from 1998 until 2001, when it was awarded to Ichiro Suzuki upon his request after wearing it for his entire career in Japan. It has presumably been taken out of circulation again, following Ichiro's 2012 trade to the Yankees. 24 was not issued from the time Ken Griffey, Jr. left the team after the 1999 season until it was re-issued to him when he returned in 2009 and has not been reissued since his retirement in 2010. Rally Fries are a baseball tradition started by Mariners broadcaster Mike Blowers in 2007. During a game against the Cincinnati Reds, a fan tried to catch a foul ball along the right-field line but in turn spilled his tray of french fries along the track. While chatting on the air and seeing the mishap, Blowers' partner, Dave Sims, suggested that he should send a new tray of fries to the fan. Blowers agreed, and sent his intern to deliver a plate of fries to the man. However, on the next game, fans made signs and boards, asking Blowers for free fries as well. Coincidentally, every time the fries were delivered, the Mariners seem to score or rally from a deficit, and thus the ""Rally Fries"" were created. This became so popular with the fans that signs were even seen when the Mariners were on the road, though on August 1, 2009, Blowers mentioned he doesn't award winners on the road. Generally, Blowers will select a person or a group of people that appeals to him, whether it is through fans wearing elaborate costumes or waving funny signs and boards. The fries are usually delivered from Ivar's, a Seattle-based seafood restaurant with a location at Safeco Field. The amount of fries given out varies with the size of the winning group of fans. The winners are generally selected around the 5th or 6th inning, although potential candidates are shown in almost every inning beforehand. As the 2011 season progressed, the Mariners marketing staff came up with an idea to encourage the growing fanbase of Cy Young-winning pitcher ""King"" Félix Hernández. Every Hernandez start at Safeco Field is now accompanied by a King's Court section—a place for his fans to sing, dance and cheer while donning custom-made shirts. The King's Court is both a personal rooting section for Hernandez and trend-setter for Safeco Field. The team encouraged fans to dress like Larry Bernandez, Hernandez's alter ego from a Mariners TV Commercial, or show up in wacky costumes, rewarding the best with a ceremonial turkey leg. Pitchers Starting rotation Bullpen Closer(s) Catchers Infielders Outfielders Designated hitters Pitchers Catchers Infielders Outfielders Manager Coaches 60-day injured list The Mariners' flagship radio station is KIRO-AM 710 (ESPN Radio), which previously broadcast Mariners contests from 1985–2002. Former flagship stations include KOMO 1000 AM (2003–2008), and KVI 570 AM (1977–1984). Television rights are held by Root Sports Northwest. In years past, Mariners games have also appeared in Seattle on over-the-air stations KING-TV, KIRO-TV, KTZZ-TV, and KSTW-TV. Selected Mariners games are also available on Canadian television, due to an agreement between Root Sports Northwest and Rogers Sportsnet. The Mariners' broadcast team for 2010 featured Dave Niehaus and Rick Rizzs—back for their 32nd and 23rd seasons with the club, respectively—as well as veteran broadcaster Dave Sims and former infielder Mike Blowers. For the first three innings of each game, Niehaus worked the television broadcast with Blowers, and Rizzs and Sims handled radio duties; after the third inning, Niehaus and Sims traded places. Niehaus, who had broadcast for the Mariners since their inaugural season of 1977, died on November 10, 2010. For the 2011 season, Dave Niehaus' duties in the broadcast booth are being filled by a collection of former Mariners broadcasters such as Ron Fairly, Ken Levine, and Ken Wilson; and former Mariners' players such as Dave Valle, Dan Wilson, Jay Buhner, and Dave Henderson. Seattle radio personality Matt Pitman hosts the post-game show on the Mariners' radio network, along with clubhouse reporter Shannon Drayer. Spanish-language radio broadcast duties are handled by Alex Rivera on play-by-play and former second baseman Julio Cruz providing color commentary. Tom Hutyler has been the Mariners' public address announcer since 1987, first at the Kingdome, and presently at Safeco Field. While KOMO 1000 AM was the Mariners' flagship radio station, Hutyler occasionally hosted the post-game radio show. Seattle Mariners  Team Seattle Mariners  League",1
Alicia Witt,"Alicia Witt  2008-01-08T05:47:56Z  Alicia Roanne Witt (born August 21, 1975) is an American film, stage and television actress who can currently be seen on the series Law & Order: Criminal Intent. Witt was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, the daughter of Diane, a junior high school reading teacher, and Robert Witt, a science teacher and photographer. She has a brother, Ian. Witt was discovered by David Lynch when she appeared on the television show That's Incredible! in 1980; she had recited Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He cast her in the movie Dune (1984), where she played Paul Atreides' young sister Alia Atreides. She turned eight during the making of this film. Afterwards, she left Hollywood to concentrate on her studies and music. She was home schooled by her parents. She studied piano at Boston University and won several national and international classical piano competitions, including the ""Bartok-Kabalevsky International Piano Competition"". At age fourteen, Witt earned her high school diploma. Shortly thereafter, she moved to Hollywood with her mother (who was noted from 1988-93 in the Guinness Book of Records for the world's longest hair) to pursue a career as a full-time actress. Soon, David Lynch, to whom she refers as a mentor, created the role of Gersten Hayward especially for her in his successful series Twin Peaks. He cast her again in Blackout, a segment in his short-lived HBO series Hotel Room. That was the last collaboration between the two for a while. During this time, Witt supported herself by playing piano at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel. She went on to play small parts in Mike Figgis' Liebestraum (in which her brother Ian also appears), the Gen-X drama Bodies, Rest & Motion and the TV movie The Disappearance of Vonnie. In 1994, Witt landed her first lead role in a film, playing a disturbed teenager named Bonnie in Fun. She received the Special Jury Recognition Award at the Sundance Festival and was nominated for Best Actress at the Independent Spirit Awards. This performance made Madonna want Witt to be cast as her witch-lover in the first segment, ""The Missing Ingredient"" of Four Rooms. Witt was introduced to a larger audience playing the role of Zoey Woodbine, daughter of actress Cybill Shepherd's character in the sitcom Cybill from 1995 to 1998. Between seasons she starred in films: Mr. Holland's Opus, Alexander Payne's abortion comedy Citizen Ruth, Passion's Way and Bongwater. After Cybill was cancelled, Witt received a leading role in the Scream-ish campus-horror Urban Legend and the animated feature Gen¹³ which was never released because the studio stopped funding before the completion of the movie. In 2000, Witt had starring roles on the television shows Ally McBeal and The Sopranos; the lead role in the comedy Playing Mona Lisa, an instant-classic turn as an anal porn star in John Waters' Cecil B. Demented, and her stage debut in Robbie Fox's musical The Gift at the now-closed Tiffany Theater in Los Angeles, in which she played a high-priced stripper with a disease. In the years following, Witt's acting career slowed down. She had a small part in Cameron Crowe's Vanilla Sky, which was intended as a reference to her roles in Dune and Liebestraum. She also played a college graduate who discussed losing her virginity in the experimental Ten Tiny Love Stories and the trailer-trash girl Barbie in American Girl, which was released to video in 2005. She appeared in the 2002 romantic comedy Two Weeks Notice. In 2003 and 2004, she turned her back on Hollywood and lived primarily in the UK filming The Upside of Anger opposite Kevin Costner; and she starred as Evelyn in a stage-production of Neil LaBute's The Shape of Things. Between the two projects, she went to South Africa to shoot the German TV movie Kingdom in Twilight which also goes by the name The Sword of Xanten and The Ring of the Nibelungs. She played Kriemhild in this film interpretation of the epic poem Das Nibelungenlied, which was released in the US as Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King. On June 14, 2004, Witt modeled what is believed to be the most expensive hat ever made, for Christie's auction house in London. The Champrau d'Amour, designed by Louis Mariette, is valued at $2.7 million (US) and is covered in diamonds. See the hat. In September 2006 she returned to the London stage, offering an ""impressive...formidable"" performance as the piano-playing Abigail, a role specifically written to exploit her musical talent, at the Royal Court Theatre. Witt has joined the cast of Law & Order: Criminal Intent for the 2007-08 season as Det. Nola Falacci, a character who is a temporary replacement for Julianne Nicholson's character as Nicholson is out on maternity leave. ,  Alicia Witt  2009-12-30T15:07:39Z  Alicia Roanne Witt (born August 21, 1975) is an American film, stage, television actress and singer. Witt was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, the daughter of Diane, a junior high school reading teacher, and Robert Witt, a science teacher and photographer. She has a brother, Ian. Witt was discovered by David Lynch when she appeared on the television show That's Incredible! in 1980; she had recited Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He cast her in the movie Dune (1984), where she played Paul Atreides' young sister Alia. She turned eight during filming. Afterwards, she left Hollywood to concentrate on her studies and music. She was home schooled by her parents. She won several national and international classical piano competitions, including the ""Bartok-Kabalevsky International Piano Competition"". At age 14, Witt earned her high school diploma. Shortly thereafter, she moved to Hollywood with her mother (who was noted from 1988–93 in the Guinness Book of Records for the world's longest hair) to pursue a career as a full-time actress. Soon, Lynch, to whom she refers as a mentor, created the role of Gersten Hayward especially for her in his successful series Twin Peaks. He cast her again in Blackout, a segment in his short-lived HBO series Hotel Room. During this time, Witt supported herself by playing piano at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel. She went on to play small parts in Mike Figgis' Liebestraum (in which her brother Ian also appears), the Gen-X drama Bodies, Rest & Motion and the TV movie The Disappearance of Vonnie. In 1994, the red-haired Witt landed her first lead role in a film, playing a disturbed teenager in Fun. She received the Special Jury Recognition Award at the Sundance Festival and was nominated for Best Actress at the Independent Spirit Awards. This performance inspired Madonna to recommend Witt to be cast as her daughter in the first segment, ""The Missing Ingredient"" of Four Rooms. Witt was introduced to a larger audience playing the role of Zoey Woodbine, daughter of actress Cybill Shepherd's character in the sitcom Cybill from 1995 to 1998. Between seasons she starred in films: Mr. Holland's Opus, Alexander Payne's abortion comedy Citizen Ruth, Passion's Way and Bongwater. After Cybill was cancelled, Witt received a leading role in the horror film Urban Legend and the animated feature Gen¹³ which was never released because the studio stopped funding before the completion of the movie. In 2000, Witt had starring roles on the television shows Ally McBeal and The Sopranos; the lead role in the comedy Playing Mona Lisa, a supporting part in John Waters' Cecil B. Demented, and her stage debut in Robbie Fox's musical The Gift at the now-closed Tiffany Theater in Los Angeles, in which she played a high-priced stripper with a disease. In the years following, Witt's acting career slowed. She had a small part in Cameron Crowe's Vanilla Sky, which was intended as a reference to her roles in Dune and Liebestraum. She also played a college graduate who discussed losing her virginity in the experimental Ten Tiny Love Stories and the trailer-trash ""Barbie"" in American Girl, which was released to video in 2005. She appeared in the 2002 romantic comedy Two Weeks Notice opposite Hugh Grant. In 2003-2004, she lived primarily in the UK, filming The Upside of Anger opposite Kevin Costner; and she starred as Evelyn in a stage-production of Neil LaBute's The Shape of Things. Between these two projects, she went to South Africa to shoot the German TV movie Kingdom in Twilight which also goes by the names The Sword of Xanten and The Ring of the Nibelungs. She played Kriemhild in this film interpretation of the epic poem Das Nibelungenlied, which was released in the US as Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King. On June 14, 2004, Witt modeled what is believed to be the most expensive hat ever made, for Christie's auction house in London. The Chapeau d'Amour, designed by Louis Mariette, is valued at $2.7 million (US) and is encrusted in diamonds. In September 2006 she returned to the London stage, portraying the piano-playing Abigail, a role in which she demonstrated herself an ""outstanding pianist"" of ""formidable skill"", in Piano/Forte at the Royal Court Theatre. Witt joined the cast of Law & Order: Criminal Intent for the 2007-08 season as Det. Nola Falacci, a character who is a temporary replacement for Megan Wheeler, played by Julianne Nicholson who was away on maternity leave. . She is a recurrent character in Friday Night Lights for the 2009-10 season. Witt currently resides in Los Angeles and New York. Beside her work as an actress, she is working on her music career. Her self titled EP with 4 songs was released on iTunes in July 2009.",1
Ghaniaan,"Ghaniaan  2009-01-28T06:57:09Z   Ghaniaan is a village in Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 32°23'60N 73°39'0E with an altitude of 205 metres (675 feet), lying seven kilometres from Phalia in the direction of Ranmal Sharif on one side of the Chenab River near Qadirabad. Ghaniaan has all basic facilities; hospital, schools, telephones and good roads with transport to the nearest city Phalia. Most of the people are farmers by profession but since a couple of years ago, a lot of people have been employed in European countries, which has raised people's life style. There are two main crops; rice and wheat. Local farmers make lot of money from 'Colonel Basmati' brand rice. The literacy rate is also going up, specially in women. Famous personalities are: Haji Muhammad Anar Muhammad Shafie Tarar Jehan Khan Tarar Muhammad Arif Iqbal Haji Muhammad Ashraf Tarar  29°45′0″N 73°15′1″E / 29. 75000°N 73. 25028°E / 29. 75000; 73. 25028,  Ghaniaan  2010-06-26T14:20:58Z   Ghaniaan is a village in Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 32°23'60N 73°39'0E with an altitude of 205 metres (675 feet), lying seven kilometres from Phalia in the direction of Ranmal Sharif on one side of the Chenab River near Qadirabad. Ghaniaan has all basic facilities; hospital, schools, telephones and good roads with transport to the nearest city Phalia. Most of the people are farmers by profession but since a couple of years ago, a lot of people have been employed in European countries, which has raised people's life style. There are two main crops; rice and wheat. Local farmers make lot of money from 'Colonel Basmati' brand rice. The literacy rate is also going up, specially in women. This article about a location in Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. 29°45′0″N 73°15′1″E / 29. 75000°N 73. 25028°E / 29. 75000; 73. 25028",0
Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Mondovì,"Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Mondovì  2007-12-30T17:42:55Z   The Italian Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondovì is a Catholic diocese in Piedmont. The town, then called Monsvici or Monteregale, was under the bishop of Asti. until 1198, when it established itself as a commune. The first bishop of Mondovì was Damiano Zavaglia; among his successors were Percivallo di Palma (1429), Amadeo Romagnano (1497), who reconstructed the cathedral (1550); Michele Ghislieri, O. P. (1550), later Pope Pius V; Cardinal Vincenzo Lauro (1566), founder of the seminary, during whose incumbency the cathedral and other churches were torn down to make room for the citadel; Giovanni Battista Isnardi (1697), who restored the episcopal palace and the church of St. Dalmazaio; Carlo Felice Sanmartino (1741), founder of the new seminary, and Giovanni Tommaso Ghilardi, O. P. (1842). The city, at first part of the Diocese of Asti, became the seat of a bishop, suffragan of the Archbishop of Milan, but, since 1515, the Archdiocese of Turin has been its metropolitan. In 1817, the territory of Cuneo was detached from the See of Mondovì, making the diocese of Cuneo. Its cathedral contains paintings by Giulio Romano, Cambiaso, and others. The residence of the bishop is one of the noblest episcopal palaces in Italy. In the church of la Missione there are frescoes by the Jesuit Pozzi. Outside the city is the sanctuary of the Madonna del Pilone, dating from the fourteenth century, but finished later (1730-49). The palace of the counts of San Quintino contained the first printing-office in Piedmont, and was the seat of a university (1560-1719) founded by Duke Emmanuel Philibert, the first institution of its kind in Piedmont. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help),  Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Mondovì  2009-06-14T11:25:18Z   The Italian Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondovì is a Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Region of Piedmont. Its 192 parishes are divided between the Province of Savona in the (civil) region Liguria and the Province of Cuneo in the (civil) region Piedmont. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Turin. The town, then called Monsvici or Monteregale, was under the bishop of Asti. until 1198, when it established itself as a commune. The first bishop of Mondovì was Damiano Zavaglia; among his successors were Percivallo di Palma (1429), Amadeo Romagnano (1497), who reconstructed the cathedral (1550); Michele Ghislieri, O. P. (1550), later Pope Pius V; Cardinal Vincenzo Lauro (1566), founder of the seminary, during whose incumbency the cathedral and other churches were torn down to make room for the citadel; Giovanni Battista Isnardi (1697), who restored the episcopal palace and the church of St. Dalmazaio; Carlo Felice Sanmartino (1741), founder of the new seminary, and Giovanni Tommaso Ghilardi, O. P. (1842). The city, at first part of the Diocese of Asti, became the seat of a bishop, suffragan of the Archbishop of Milan, but, since 1515, the Archdiocese of Turin has been its metropolitan. In 1817, the territory of Cuneo was detached from the See of Mondovì, making the diocese of Cuneo. Its cathedral contains paintings by Giulio Romano, Cambiaso, and others. The residence of the bishop is one of the noblest episcopal palaces in Italy. In the church of la Missione there are frescoes by the Jesuit Pozzi. Outside the city is the sanctuary of the Madonna del Pilone, dating from the fourteenth century, but finished later (1730-49). The palace of the counts of San Quintino contained the first printing-office in Piedmont, and was the seat of a university (1560-1719) founded by Duke Emmanuel Philibert, the first institution of its kind in Piedmont. There follows a list of the 192 parishes, ordered by (civil) region, province and commune. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)",0
Irene Schori,"Irene Schori  2018-03-16T20:07:09Z  Irene Schori (born 4 December 1983) is a Swiss curler from Zurich. Irene Schori was relatively unknown outside of Switzerland until she was named to the Swiss Olympic Team. She served as the alternate for Mirjam Ott's team in Vancouver. Schori has participated in both the 2008 and the 2009 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships with partner Toni Müller, and has taken gold at both of these championships. Schori and Müller were the heavy favorites to win in the 2010 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, but were eliminated by the China in an extra end in the quarterfinals. In an interview post-match, Schori stated that she and Müller would consider not attending next year to give a chance to other Swiss teams. Schori went to her first World Championships in 2014 with skip Binia Feltscher, and won her first world title after defeating Canada in the final. Schori is employed as forensics civil agent 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games Mirjam Ott, Skip Carmen Schäfer, Third Carmen Küng, Second Janine Greiner, Lead,  Irene Schori  2019-12-20T20:01:52Z  Irene Schori (born December 4, 1983) is a Swiss curler from Zurich. She currently skips her own team on the World Curling Tour. Irene Schori was relatively unknown outside of Switzerland until she was named to the Swiss Olympic Team. She served as the alternate for Mirjam Ott's team in Vancouver. Schori has participated in both the 2008 and the 2009 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships with partner Toni Müller, and has taken gold at both of these championships. Schori and Müller were the heavy favorites to win in the 2010 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, but were eliminated by the China in an extra end in the quarterfinals. In an interview post-match, Schori stated that she and Müller would consider not attending next year to give a chance to other Swiss teams. Schori went to her first World Championships in 2014 with skip Binia Feltscher, and won her first world title after defeating Canada in the final. Schori is employed as forensics civil agent 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games Mirjam Ott, Skip Carmen Schäfer, Third Carmen Küng, Second Janine Greiner, Lead",1
Women_of_Algiers_in_Their_Apartment,"Women_of_Algiers_in_Their_Apartment  2011-05-03T05:21:07Z   The Women of Algiers in Their Apartment is the English translation of Assia Djebar's novel. It is a collection of short stories celebrating the strength and dignity of Algerian women of the past and the present. The interweaving stories of the lives of three Muslim Algerian women. A collection of short stories about the lives of pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial women various levels of the Algerian society. It is a piece about the compartmentalization of women in Algeria and the harems in which they are put. ,  Women_of_Algiers_in_Their_Apartment  2013-08-11T23:52:48Z   Women of Algiers in Their Apartment French: Femmes d'Alger dans leur Appartement is a 1998 novel by the Algerian writer Assia Djebar. It is a collection of short stories celebrating the strength and dignity of Algerian women of the past and the present. The interweaving stories of the lives of three Muslim Algerian women. Assia Djebar wrote her Femme d'Alger dans leur appartement after her inspiration of Delacroix's painting. A collection of short stories about the lives of pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial women various levels of the Algerian society. It is a piece about the compartmentalization of women in Algeria and the harems in which they are put.",0
Bill_Yearby,"Bill_Yearby  2009-01-27T21:30:04Z   William M. Yearby (born July 24 1944 in Template:City-state) is a former professional American football defensive lineman who played for the New York Jets of the American Football League in 1966. He was also an All-American defensive tackle for the University of Michigan Wolverines football team from 1963-1965. Yearby attended Detroit's Eastern High School, where he was the Class A state champion in the shot put in 1962. He was an All-American football player at the University of Michigan in both 1964 and 1965 and was named the Wolverines' Most Valuable Player in 1965. Bump Elliott's 1964 team won the Big Ten Conference and played in the Rose Bowl. Yearby was known for his ""fierce play"" at defensive tackle. Once, after an early hit by an offsides Northwestern offensive lineman, Yearby exploded on the opposing player. The referee had to step in and calm things down. Yearby was selected in the first round of the 1966 AFL draft by the New York Jets. This was at a time when the American Football League and National Football League were warring over top talent, and the Jets had drafted Matt Snell and Joe Namath in the first round in the prior years. On December 3 1965, a Time magazine article about the NFL draft said the following about Yearby: ""Bill Yearby, 21, Michigan, 6 ft. 3 in. , 230 lbs. . . . Yearby is 'a vicious tackier, always on target, always gets his man—and not 5 yds. downfield, like most college kids. '"" The following week, Time noted that ""Jets Owner Sonny Werblin signed Michigan's 230-lb. Tackle Bill Yearby to a contract at $1,000 per pound. "" Yearby played only one season, 1966, for the Jets. The Jets' web site notes that Yearby ""missed valuable training camp practice because of All-Star game and injury suffered in pre-season game,"" and that coaches at Michigan said he was ""extremely quick"" and could have been a starter on the Michigan basketball team. A terrific athlete, Yearby was projected to play tight end for the Jets. In 1966, a bad knee limited him to spot appearances as a fill-in defensive end and special-teamer. In 1967, Yearby's knee was still not right, and he was farmed out to the Bridgeport Knights of the Atlantic Coast Conference, who were the Jets' minor league affiliate. While playing linebacker for the Knights, Yearby hurt his knee again, and his pro football career was over. ,  Bill_Yearby  2010-12-28T17:08:22Z   {{NFL. com player}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata. William M. Yearby (July 24, 1944 - December 20, 2010) is a former professional American football defensive lineman who played for the New York Jets of the American Football League in 1966. He was also an All-American defensive tackle for the University of Michigan Wolverines football team from 1963-1965. Yearby attended Detroit's Eastern High School, where he was the Class A state champion in the shot put in 1962. He was an All-American football player at the University of Michigan in both 1964 and 1965 and was named the Wolverines' Most Valuable Player in 1965. Bump Elliott's 1964 team won the Big Ten Conference and played in the Rose Bowl. Yearby was known for his ""fierce play"" at defensive tackle. Once, after an early hit by an offsides Northwestern offensive lineman, Yearby exploded on the opposing player. The referee had to step in and calm things down. Yearby was selected in the first round of the 1966 AFL Draft by the New York Jets. This was at a time when the American Football League and National Football League were warring over top talent, and the Jets had drafted Matt Snell and Joe Namath in the first round in the prior years. On December 3, 1965, a Time magazine article about the NFL draft said the following about Yearby: ""Bill Yearby, 21, Michigan, 6 ft. 3 in. , 230 lbs. . . . Yearby is 'a vicious tackier, always on target, always gets his man—and not 5 yds. downfield, like most college kids. '"" The following week, Time noted that ""Jets Owner Sonny Werblin signed Michigan's 230-lb. Tackle Bill Yearby to a contract at $1,000 per pound. "" Yearby played only one season, 1966, for the Jets. The Jets' web site notes that Yearby ""missed valuable training camp practice because of All-Star game and injury suffered in pre-season game,"" and that coaches at Michigan said he was ""extremely quick"" and could have been a starter on the Michigan basketball team. A terrific athlete, Yearby was projected to play tight end for the Jets. In 1966, a bad knee limited him to spot appearances as a fill-in defensive end and special-teamer. In 1967, Yearby's knee was still not right, and he was farmed out to the Bridgeport Knights of the Atlantic Coast Conference, who were the Jets' minor league affiliate. While playing linebacker for the Knights, Yearby hurt his knee again, and his pro football career was over. Template:Persondata",0
Boone Jenner,"Boone Jenner  2014-02-12T12:47:25Z  {{Infobox ice hockey player | name = Boone Jenner | image = Boone Jenner WJC12 press conference.jpg | caption = Jenner at a press conference for the 2012 World Junior Championships | image_size = 225px | team = Columbus Blue Jackets | league = NHL | former_teams = | position = Forward | shoots = Left | birth_date = (1993-06-15) June 15, 1993 (age 30) | birth_place = London, ON, CAN | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 2 | weight_lb = 231 | draft = 37th overall | draft_team = Columbus Blue Jackets | draft_year = 2011 | career_start = 2012 | career_end = }Boone Jenner is related to canada national team forward Brianne Jenner Boone Jenner (born June 15, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). Jenner was selected by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the 2nd round (37th overall) of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Jenner played four seasons (2009–2013) of major junior hockey with the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) where he scored 111 goals and 135 assists for 246 points, while earning 265 penalty minutes, in 227 games played. On March 28, 2012, the Columbus Blue Jackets signed Jenner to a three-year entry-level contract. Jenner scored his first and second NHL goals on October 17, 2013 against Carey Price of the Montreal Canadiens. ,  Boone Jenner  2015-12-08T19:59:37Z  Boone Jenner (born June 15, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). Jenner was selected by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the 2nd round (37th overall) of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Jenner played four seasons (2009–2013) of major junior hockey with the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) where he scored 111 goals and 135 assists for 246 points, while earning 265 penalty minutes, in 227 games played. On March 28, 2012, the Columbus Blue Jackets signed Jenner to a three-year entry-level contract. Jenner scored his first and second NHL goals on October 17, 2013 against Carey Price of the Montreal Canadiens. Jenner's uncle Billy Carroll is a four time Stanley Cup winner and his oldest brother Leo played five seasons with OHL's Plymouth Whalers.",1
"Georgi Petkov (footballer, born 1976)","Georgi Petkov (footballer, born 1976)  2011-01-10T10:08:48Z  Georgi Petkov (Bulgarian: Георги Петков) (born March 14, 1976 in Pazardzhik) is a Bulgarian football player. He plays for PFC Levski Sofia as a goalkeeper. Petkov plays for Bulgarian national team since 2005 as a backup to Dimitar Ivankov. Petkov started playing with PFC Hebar Pazardzhik (Хебър Пазарджик). He came to Levski from PFC Slavia Sofia in 2002. He was a substitute of Dimitar Ivankov until this season. After Ivankov left Levski, Petkov showed his real potential and became an important part of the team. With Georgi as a key player, his team was the first Bulgarian team to join the group stage of the UEFA Champions League. He was one of the few players that had their positions secure during the 07-08 transfer season, when a big part of the Levski players were sold. On 25 April 2008 a media report said that Petkov is wanted by Besiktas J.K. during the summer transfer season. Petkov became a captain of PFC Levski, during the 2008/2009 season. On 24 January 2008, during the pause of 2008/2009 season, Petkov was number one goalkeeper in Europe, according to IMScouting. He conceded the least goals per minute. Petkov conceded one goal on each 810 minutes. He became a Champion of Bulgaria in 2009, after a contradictory but great season under the coaching of Emil Velev. Despite the bad results during the autumnal part of the season, after great matches in the spring, Levski Sofia fulfilled the plan before the term had set and became a champion for 26 time, before the last round has been played. During 2009/2010 season, the Levski's team started their European campaign with 9:0 (on aggregate) in the second Qualifying round of Champions League against UE Sant Julià. On the next round, Levski Sofia faced FK Baku. The blues eliminated the team from Azerbaijan with 2:0 (on aggregate). In the play-off round Levski was eliminated by Debreceni VSC with 4:1 (on aggregate). However, Levski qualified for UEFA Europa League. In the group stage, Levski faced Villarreal CF, SS Lazio and Red Bull Salzburg. Levski achieved only one win and 5 losses. Levski took the win against SS Lazio, after Hristo Yovov scored the winning goal in the match. The match was played at Stadio Olimpico. In 2009/2010 season, after couple of bad games and results, Levski however achieved qualifying for UEFA Europa League becoming 3th in the final ranking. During the 2010/2011 Levski qualified for UEFA Europa League after eliminating Dundalk F.C., Kalmar FF and AIK Fotboll. Levski was drawn in Group C, facing Gent, Lille and Sporting CP. ,  Georgi Petkov (footballer, born 1976)  2012-12-29T09:17:54Z  Georgi Petkov (Bulgarian: Георги Петков; born 14 March 1976 in Pazardzhik) is a Bulgarian football goalkeeper currently playing for Slavia Sofia. Petkov has played for Bulgarian national team since 2005 as a backup to Dimitar Ivankov. Born in Pazardzhik, Petkov started his career at local side Hebar. In June 1996, he was signed by A PFG club Slavia Sofia. Petkov started the 1996–97 season as the third choice goalkeeper and earned only two appearances in his first campaign at Slavia. Following Zdravko Zdravkov transferred to Turkish İstanbulspor in June 1997, he has been promoted to second choice. In July 2001, Petkov joined Levski Sofia for a $400,000, breaking the Bulgarian goalkeeper transfer-record. He was a substitute of Dimitar Ivankov until this season. After Ivankov left Levski, Petkov showed his real potential and became an important part of the team. With Georgi as a key player, his team was the first Bulgarian team to join the group stage of the UEFA Champions League. He was one of the few players that had their positions secure during the 07-08 transfer season, when a big part of the Levski players were sold. On 25 April 2008 a media report said that Petkov is wanted by Besiktas J.K. during the summer transfer season. Petkov became a captain of PFC Levski, during the 2008/2009 season. On 24 January 2008, during the pause of 2008/2009 season, Petkov was number one goalkeeper in Europe, according to IMScouting. He conceded the least goals per minute. Petkov conceded one goal on each 810 minutes. He became a Champion of Bulgaria in 2009, after a contradictory but great season under the coaching of Emil Velev. Despite the bad results during the autumnal part of the season, after great matches in the spring, Levski Sofia fulfilled the plan before the term had set and became a champion for 26 time, before the last round has been played. During 2009/2010 season, the Levski's team started their European campaign with 9:0 (on aggregate) in the second Qualifying round of Champions League against UE Sant Julià. On the next round, Levski Sofia faced FK Baku. The blues eliminated the team from Azerbaijan with 2:0 (on aggregate). In the play-off round Levski was eliminated by Debreceni VSC with 4:1 (on aggregate). However, Levski qualified for UEFA Europa League. In the group stage, Levski faced Villarreal CF, SS Lazio and Red Bull Salzburg. Levski achieved only one win and 5 losses. Levski took the win against SS Lazio, after Hristo Yovov scored the winning goal in the match. The match was played at Stadio Olimpico. In 2009/2010 season, after couple of bad games and results, Levski however achieved qualifying for UEFA Europa League becoming 3rd in the final ranking. During the 2010/2011 Levski qualified for UEFA Europa League after eliminating Dundalk F.C., Kalmar FF and AIK Fotboll. Levski was drawn in Group C, facing Gent, Lille and Sporting CP. The first match was against Gent. Levski won the match in a 3–2 home win. The winning goal was scored by Serginho Greene. With this win Levski recorded 8 games in-a-row without losing in European competitions. After that Levski lost catastrophically from Sporting CP with 5–0. Followed by another loss against Lille. In Sofia Levski played very well against Lille and was leading 2–1 until Ivo Ivanov scored an own goal to make it 2–2. In the last match of the Group C, Levski take a win against Sporting CP with 1–0, the winning goal was scored by Daniel Mladenov. On 10 January 2011, it was announced that Petkov is being released from the club. After ten years in Levski, Petkov told the media that he felt insulted by the actions of his former club. Georgi Petkov signed for Enosis Paralimni on 21 January 2011, making a winning debut 24 hours later, by beating Ermis Aradippou 3–1 in Tasos Markou Stadium. Petkov re-signed for Slavia Sofia on 22 June 2012.",1
Oh Jung-se,"Oh Jung-se  2013-07-23T05:47:32Z  Oh Jung-se (오정세) (February 26, 1977 ) is South Korean actor who best known as Han Jung-woo's best friend and police partner Joo Jung-myung in I Miss You,  Oh Jung-se  2014-12-26T23:18:42Z  name  Korean text Oh Jung-se (born February 26, 1977) is a South Korean actor. Oh began his career in theater, and has since appeared in many onscreen supporting roles over the years, notably in Petty Romance (2010), Couples (2011), As One (2012), A Millionaire On the Run (2012), and Running Man (2013). But his performance in the 2013 romantic comedy How to Use Guys with Secret Tips earned him special attention from critics and viewers. This led to Oh being cast in his first leading role in the 2013 film The Hero.",1
Chaz Mostert,"Chaz Mostert  2013-04-19T03:04:30Z  Lieutenant Chaz Mostert, RAN (born 10 April 1992) raced in Formula Ford winning the 2010 Australian Formula Ford Championship, and also now competing in the Dunlop V8 Supercar Series for Ford Performance Racing Mostert progressed into Formula Ford in 2008, Chaz finished a 11th in his first Season of Formula Ford, and in 2010 he won the Formula Ford Championship with a record of most race wins in a season. In 2010 Chaz Mostert got the chance to drive a Miles Racing Falcon at Bathurst in the Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series where he exceeded expectations , leading to Chaz being signed by Miles Racing for the 2011 Season. Again, he performed strongly for the team, particularly in wet conditions. Ford Performance Racing sign him for the next round at Sandown to drive the team's first development series car, an FG Falcon. Mostert scored a pole position on debut for the team and performed well for the remainder of the season. 2012 saw Mostert race with Ford Performance Racing once again, heading into the first round at Clipsal 500 with a great car underneath him. Which helped him get pole and clean sweep the weekend with 2 race wins. On 1 December 2012 Mostert was awarded an Honorary commission as a Lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy. He was presented with his commission by the Chief of Navy Vice Admiral Raymond Griggs. ,  Chaz Mostert  2014-12-29T23:20:14Z  Chaz Mostert (born 10 April 1992) is an Australian professional motor racing driver. He was born on April 10, 1992 to Eddie and Debra Mostert. He previously competed in Formula Ford, winning the 2010 Australian Formula Ford Championship. He is currently competing in the V8 Supercars Championship for Ford Performance Racing. Mostert progressed into Formula Ford in 2008, Chaz finished a 11th in his first Season of Formula Ford, and then won the 2010 Australian Formula Ford Championship with a record of most race wins in a season. In 2014 Chaz Mostert won the Bathurst 1000 at Bathurst driving for FPR in the Ford Pepsi Max Crew car #6 sharing the driving duty with Paul Morris. In 2010 Chaz Mostert got the chance to drive a Miles Racing Falcon at Bathurst in the Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series where he exceeded expectations, leading to Chaz being signed by Miles Racing for the 2011 Season. Again, he performed strongly for the team, particularly in wet conditions. Ford Performance Racing sign him for the next round at Sandown to drive the team's first development series car, an FG Falcon. Mostert scored a pole position on debut for the team and performed well for the remainder of the season. 2012 saw Mostert race with Ford Performance Racing once again, heading into the first round at Clipsal 500 with a great car underneath him. Which helped him get pole and clean sweep the weekend with 2 race wins. On 1 December 2012 Mostert was awarded an Honorary commission as a Lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy. He was presented with his commission by the Chief of Navy Vice Admiral Raymond Griggs. Mostert ran one round in the Development Series in 2013 before being moved up into the Championship Series. He drove car #12 for Dick Johnson Racing, with Ford Performance Racing providing technical support. On 28 July 2013, Mostert won his first Championship Series race at the 2013 Coates Hire Ipswich 360. In 2014, he is driving for Ford Performance Racing under the Pepsi Max Crew Ford FG Falcon previously driven by Will Davison in the 2013 Championship. Adam DeBorre remains his engineering, transferring back to Ford Performance Racing from Dick Johnson Racing. Mostert won 2014 Bathurst 1000 with co-driver Paul Morris, after starting at the back of the grid, the lowest ever starting position to go on to win the Bathurst 1000. TBA 9 Jack Le Brocq 2 Ryan Wood 25 Chaz Mostert 3 Aaron Love 7 James Courtney 4 Cameron Hill 10 Nick Percat 6 Cam Waters 55 Thomas Randle 8 Andre Heimgartner 14 Bryce Fullwood 12 Jaxon Evans 96 Macauley Jones 11 Anton de Pasquale 17 Will Davison 18 Mark Winterbottom 20 David Reynolds 19 Matthew Payne 26 Richie Stanaway 23 Tim Slade 31 James Golding 87 Will Brown 88 Broc Feeney",1
Inpatient_care,"Inpatient_care  2010-10-17T02:06:47Z   Inpatient care is the care of patients whose condition requires hospitalization. Progress in modern medicine and the advent of comprehensive out-patient clinics ensure that patients are only admitted to a hospital when they are extremely ill, have had an accident or severe trauma. Inpatient care goes back to 230 AD in India where Ashoka the Great founded 18 hospitals. The Romans also adopted the concept of inpatient care by building a specialized temple for sick patients in 291 AD on the island of Tiber. It is believed the first inpatient care in North America was provided by the Spanish in the Dominican Republic in 1502; the Hospital de Jesús Nazareno in Mexico City was founded in 1524 and is still providing inpatient care. Perhaps the most famous provider of inpatient care was Florence Nightingale who was the leading advocate for improving medical care in the mid-19th century. Ms. Nightingale received notoriety during the Crimean War where she and 38 women volunteer nurses traveled to Crimea to treat wounded soldiers. During her first winter at the hospital 4077 soldiers died in the hospital there. She would use this experience to change the course of inpatient care by focusing on improving sanitary conditions and better living conditions within the hospital. Florence Nightingale became known as ""The Lady with the Lamp"" and is still considered the founder of modern nursing. The Nightingale School of Nursing continues today and her image is the one depicted each year on nurses' day. The original model for inpatient care required a family physician to admit a patient and then make rounds and manage the patient's care during their hospital stay. That model is rapidly being replaced by hospitalist medicine a term first used by Dr. Robert Wachter in an article written for the New England Journal of Medicine in 1996. The concept of hospitalist medicine provides around the clock inpatient care from physicians whose sole practice is the hospital itself. They work with the community of primary care physicians to provide inpatient care and transition patients back to the care of their primary care provider upon discharge. Using this approach, primary care physicians are no longer required to make rounds or be on call. Today, hospitalist medicine is the fastest growing segment of medicine and is being adopted by hospitals worldwide for inpatient care. ,  Inpatient_care  2011-06-28T06:45:11Z   Inpatient care is the care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital. Progress in modern medicine and the advent of comprehensive out-patient clinics ensure that patients are only admitted to a hospital when they are extremely ill, have had an accident or severe trauma. Patients enter inpatient care mainly from previous ambulatory care such as referral from a family doctor, or through emergency medicine departments. The patient formally becomes an ""inpatient"" at the writing of an admission note. Likewise, it is formally ended by writing a discharge note. Inpatient care goes back to 230 AD in India where Ashoka the Great founded 18 hospitals. The Romans also adopted the concept of inpatient care by building a specialized temple for sick patients in 291 AD on the island of Tiber. It is believed the first inpatient care in North America was provided by the Spanish in the Dominican Republic in 1502; the Hospital de Jesús Nazareno in Mexico City was founded in 1524 and is still providing inpatient care. Perhaps the most famous provider of inpatient care was Florence Nightingale who was the leading advocate for improving medical care in the mid-19th century. Ms. Nightingale received notoriety during the Crimean War where she and 38 women volunteer nurses traveled to Crimea to treat wounded soldiers. During her first winter at the hospital 4077 soldiers died in the hospital there. She would use this experience to change the course of inpatient care by focusing on improving sanitary conditions and better living conditions within the hospital. Florence Nightingale became known as ""The Lady with the Lamp"" and is still considered the founder of modern nursing. The Nightingale School of Nursing continues today and her image is the one depicted each year on nurses' day. The original model for inpatient care required a family physician to admit a patient and then make rounds and manage the patient's care during their hospital stay. That model is rapidly being replaced by hospitalist medicine a term first used by Dr. Robert Wachter in an article written for the New England Journal of Medicine in 1996. The concept of hospitalist medicine provides around the clock inpatient care from physicians whose sole practice is the hospital itself. They work with the community of primary care physicians to provide inpatient care and transition patients back to the care of their primary care provider upon discharge. Using this approach, primary care physicians are no longer required to make rounds or be on call. Today, hospitalist medicine is the fastest growing segment of medicine and is being adopted by hospitals worldwide for inpatient care.",0
Balochistan Police,"Balochistan Police  2009-02-18T12:23:24Z  The Balochistan Police are responsible for policing in the province of Balochistan , Pakistan. ,  Balochistan Police  2010-09-17T06:32:37Z  The Balochistan Police are responsible for policing in the province of Balochistan, Pakistan. The current Inspector-General of Balochistan Police is Syed Javed Bukhari. The current Inspector General of Police of Balochistan Police is Malik Muhammad Iqbal, a grade 22 officer.",1
US Monastir (football),"US Monastir (football)  2022-01-26T08:32:52Z  Monastir sections Union Sportive Monastirienne (Arabic: الاتحاد الرياضي المنستيري), also known as USM, is a football club from Monastir in Tunisia. Founded in 1923 under the name Ruspina Sports, it was renamed Union Sportive Monastirienne in 1942. The new name reflects the union between Ruspina Sports and other clubs in town (swimming, petanque, etc.) and the Nationalists of Monastir (like Mustapha Ben Jannet). US Monastir is certainly one of the oldest teams in Tunisia. Although it was officially founded on 13 June 1942, the date of publication in the official journal of the decree of her creation, it birth dates back to 17 March 1923, the date of the founding of Ruspina Sports. Among the players who were part of this first wave of the 1930s, we can cite Hédi Bourguiba, Hassine Guedira, Ali Ouerdani, Hamadi Gouider, Sadek Allègue, Ali El May, Mohamed Guilène, Fredj Jaâffar and Hassine R'him. The steering committee, for its part, is chaired by Mohamed Salah Sayadi (mayor of Monastir and member of the Grand Council). At the end of the 1930s, Ruspina Sports experienced innumerable financial difficulties and a series of disgraces within the general public which, far from being insensitive to the misdeeds of colonialism, resolutely committed against it by creating teams of neighborhoods. Just as Ruspina Sports is in decline, voices are being raised to unify the other teams and create a kind of unique selection. Mustapha Ben Jennet, nationalist and seasoned footballer, also fought against the narrow clanism and pled for a single and unique sports association. The choice of the term ""union"" is not accidental. On the contrary, it reflects this desire to present a united and homogeneous team. On 13 June 1942, the decree creating USM was signed and the new association inherited Ruspina Sports' credit balance, ie 5,395 Tunisian francs. Forced, from its creation, to rest because of World War II, the USM organized friendly matches with the teams of El Makarem de Mahdia and the Etoile du Sahel (ESS), based in Sousse, a city which is hard hit by the bombings of 1942. Helping its neighbor, the USM bears the travel expenses of the ESS which amounted to 2,000 francs in 1945 and which the ESS reimbursed in 1954. If the end of the war coincided With a renewed interest and enthusiasm among the Monastirians for football, the USM has more than one hundred players, half of whom play in the senior team and the second half in the junior categories, the following years will be more difficult. The USM, which had swapped the blue and white outfit to replace that of Ruspina Sports, begins to flourish by making the happiness of the thousands of spectators who, with the independence of the country in 1956 and the advent of the republican regime , will witness the metamorphosis of their team. With the independence of Tunisia, USM knew a turning point thanks to the interest of the leader Habib Bourguiba, first president of Tunisia, in his hometown of Monastir and in the team that he has never ceased to support. Already during the 1957-1958 season, the accounting register reported a donation of 15 dinars from Bourguiba, this donation increased to 200 dinars during the 1959-1960 season. But this material contribution does not represent anything in front of the moral support that Bourguiba brought by his presence in matches or in simple training of the USM at the end of which the Head of State does not hesitate to pose with the players for a souvenir photo. For Mahmoud Chaouch, who presided over the destinies of USM during the 1962-1963 season: ""Never has USM known more exciting times than those following the country's independence. How many meetings have been enhanced by the presence of the Head of State in person without these matches being cup finals or having a stake in the championship? How many times has the President of the Republic donated significant sums for the benefit of the association without counting the internships of all the players abroad"" In the field, however, USM did not win any titles either in the Tunisian Cup or in the league. Each time, the USM returned to the charge and, after its successive relegations, goes back to the first division. It is during the 1961-1962 season that the USM reached for the first time in the national division after having spent two seasons in the third division (1957-1958 and 1958-1959) and one season (1959-1960) in the honor division. The 1980s were a turning point for the club, which became semi-professional and allowed the team to remain in the national division for fourteen consecutive years, an unprecedented fact. During the 1984-1985 season, striker Nebil Kalboussi was ranked second in Ligue I tied with Tarak Dhiab of Esperance Sportive de Tunis and Khaled Touati of Club Africain. During the same season, USM qualified for the quarter-finals of the Tunisian Cup but lost in Monastir against the Club African (1-0) during the overtime session. The 1986-1987 season was undoubtedly the best year for the club. With eight wins, eight losses and ten draws, USM occupied a comfortable fifth place. This situation does not last and the 1993-1994 season promised to be very difficult on all fronts and more particularly material. Four coaches followed one another to help a team in crisis since it suffered from several shortcomings. During the 1994-1995 season, the team found itself relegated to the third division according to the new organization of the Tunisian Football Federation. During the 1995-1996 season, Habib Allègue took the reins of the team which managed to win and advance to the honor division (southern pool) before returning to League I two seasons later and maintaining his position. In July 2006, Néji Stambouli succeeded Zouhair Chaouch, in place for six years, at the head of the club. On 3 May 2009, after a victory against Esperance Sportif de Tunis at Stade El Menzah, on the score of three goals to two, the club qualified for the first Tunisian Cup final in its history: it opposed CS Sfaxien on May 24 at the November 7 stadium in Radès, and ends with a score of 1 to 0 for the Sfaxiens with the presence of president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. At the end of the 2009-2010 season, the club was relegated to Ligue II. However, the team re-promoted to the first division after only one season, and its ranking ranged between fifth and tenth in the following years until it relegated in 2015 and the team spent two seasons in the second division before rising again in 2017. After that, the teams presented respectable levels after the assignment of coach Skandar Kasri and Lassaad Dridi to finish the ranking in 2019 in seventh place. And at the beginning of the 2019 season, a contract was signed with Lassaad Chabbi, who has experience and training in the Austrian Football Bundesliga. With a group of players, the team was able to achieve excellent results, so that the 2019-2020 season was the best season in the club's history, as the team managed to take third place in the national league, which enabled it to participate in a continental competition for the first time in its history, namely the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup. As for the Tunisian Cup (named the Habib Bourguiba Cup this season, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of his death), the team managed to win it for the first time in its history, after beating Espérance Tunis in the final 2–0. After Chabbi resigned from coaching the team, Afouène Gharbi, who finished the season in tenth place, was appointed. The team then contracted with Mourad Okbi, who succeeded in winning the team's second title in its history by obtaining the Tunisian Super Cup. The colors of US Monastir are white and blue. At home, the player wears a blue jersey, blue shorts and white socks. Outside of Monastir, the player wears a white jersey, white shorts and blue socks. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. The first president of the club is the French Joseph Kalfati, followed by four other French: Peteche, Georges Rambi, Renaud and Fenech, while the first Tunisian president is Mohamed Salah Sayadi who takes the head of the club in 1929. Another Tunisian president, Salem B'chir, acceded to the presidency in 1953. We owe him for having established a sporting discipline and for putting an end to the laxity of certain players. The home stadium of US Monastir is the Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium which is a multi-use stadium in Monastir, Tunisia. It was used for the 2004 African Cup of Nations. The stadium holds 20,000 people and sometimes, it's used as a home for Tunisia national football team. It was inaugurated in 1958, this stadium with suspended tiers thanks to the technique of ""cantilevered ball joint"" used by the architect Olivier-Clément Cacoub initially offers a capacity of 3,000 places. Over time, several expansion works were carried out: its capacity was increased in the late 1990s to more than 10,000 places. On the occasion of the organization of the 2004 African Cup of Nations, new works allow to reach a capacity of 20,000 places. The stadium is integrated into the sports complex of the city of Monastir, Tunisia, located a few hundred meters from the city center, which extends over 11 hectares and includes a sports hall, an indoor swimming pool, a tennis complex and various golf courses, training. The stadium is named after Mustapha Ben Jannet, a nationalist militant executed by the French guards. ,  US Monastir (football)  2023-12-22T16:06:24Z  Union Sportive Monastirienne (Arabic: الاتحاد الرياضي المنستيري), known as US Monastir or simply USM for short, is a Tunisian football club based in Monastir. The club was founded in 1923 and its colours are blue and white. Their home stadium, Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium, has a capacity of 20,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1. Founded in 1923 under the name Ruspina Sports, it was renamed Union Sportive Monastirienne in 1942. The new name reflects the union between Ruspina Sports and other clubs in town (swimming, petanque, etc.) and the Nationalists of Monastir (like Mustapha Ben Jannet). Monastir has won two trophies in its history, as it won both the Tunisian Cup and Tunisian Super Cup in 2020. After being founded in 1923, Ruspina Sports was officially renamed US Monastir on 13 June 1942, the date of publication in the official journal of the decree of her creation. At the end of the 1930s, Ruspina Sports experienced innumerable financial difficulties and a series of disgraces within the general public which, far from being insensitive to the misdeeds of colonialism, resolutely committed against it by creating teams of neighborhoods. Just as Ruspina Sports is in decline, voices are being raised to unify the other teams and create a kind of unique selection. On 13 June 1942, the decree creating USM was signed and the new association inherited Ruspina Sports' credit balance, i.e. 5,395 Tunisian francs. If the end of the war coincided with a renewed interest and enthusiasm among the Monastirians for football, the USM has more than one hundred players, half of whom play in the senior team and the second half in the junior categories, the following years will be more difficult. With the independence of Tunisia, USM knew a turning point. In the field, USM did not win any titles either in the Tunisian Cup or in the league. Each time, the USM returned to the charge and, after its successive relegations, goes back to the first division. It is during the 1961–1962 season that the USM reached for the first time in the national division after having spent two seasons in the third division (1957-1958 and 1958–1959) and one season (1959-1960) in the honor division. The 1980s were a turning point for the club, which became semi-professional and allowed the team to remain in the national division for fourteen consecutive years. During the same season, USM qualified for the quarter-finals of the Tunisian Cup but lost in Monastir against the Club African (1-0) during the overtime session. With eight wins, eight losses and ten draws, USM occupied a comfortable fifth place. This situation does not last and the 1993–1994 season promised to be very difficult on all fronts and more particularly material. Four coaches followed one another to help a team in crisis since it suffered from several shortcomings. During the 1994–1995 season, the team found itself relegated to the third division according to the new organization of the Tunisian Football Federation. During the 1995–1996 season, Habib Allègue took the reins of the team which managed to win and advance to the honor division (southern pool) before returning to League I two seasons later and maintaining his position. In July 2006, Néji Stambouli succeeded Zouhair Chaouch, in place for six years, at the head of the club. On 3 May 2009, after a victory against Esperance Sportif de Tunis at Stade El Menzah, on the score of three goals to two, the club qualified for the first Tunisian Cup final in its history: it opposed CS Sfaxien on May 24 at the November 7 stadium in Radès, and ends with a score of 1 to 0 for the Sfaxiens with the presence of president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. At the end of the 2009–2010 season, the club was relegated to Ligue II. However, the team re-promoted to the first division after one season, and its ranking ranged between fifth and tenth in the following years until it relegated in 2015 and the team spent two seasons in the second division before rising again in 2017. After that, the teams presented respectable levels after the assignment of coach Skandar Kasri and Lassaad Dridi to finish the ranking in 2019 in seventh place. And at the beginning of the 2019 season, a contract was signed with Lassaad Chabbi. The 2019–2020 season the team managed to take third place in the national league, which enabled it to participate in a continental competition for the first time in its history, namely the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup. As for the Tunisian Cup (named the Habib Bourguiba Cup this season, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of his death), the team managed to win it for the first time in its history, after beating Espérance Tunis in the final 2–0. After Chabbi resigned from coaching the team, Afouène Gharbi, who finished the season in tenth place, was appointed. The team then contracted with Mourad Okbi, who succeeded in winning the team's second title in its history by obtaining the Tunisian Super Cup. The colors of US Monastir are white and blue. At home, the player wears a blue jersey, blue shorts and white socks. Outside of Monastir, the player wears a white jersey, white shorts and blue socks. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. The first president of the club is the French Joseph Kalfati, followed by four other French: Peteche, Georges Rambi, Renaud and Fenech, while the first Tunisian president is Mohamed Salah Sayadi who takes the head of the club in 1929. The home stadium of US Monastir is the Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium which is a multi-use stadium in Monastir, Tunisia. It was used for the 2004 African Cup of Nations. The stadium holds 20,000 people and sometimes, it's used as a home for Tunisia national football team. It was inaugurated in 1958, this stadium with suspended tiers thanks to the technique of ""cantilevered ball joint"" used by the architect Olivier-Clément Cacoub initially offers a capacity of 3,000 places. Over time, several expansion works were carried out: its capacity was increased in the late 1990s to more than 10,000 places. On the occasion of the organization of the 2004 African Cup of Nations, new works allow to reach a capacity of 20,000 places. The stadium is integrated into the sports complex of the city of Monastir, Tunisia, located a few hundred meters from the city center.",1
Bridger_Trail,"Bridger_Trail  2010-08-08T21:41:07Z   The Bridger Trail was an overland route connecting the Oregon Trail to the gold fields of Montana. Gold was discovered in Virginia City, Montana in 1863, prompting settlers and prospectors to find a trail to travel from central Wyoming to Montana. In 1863, John Bozeman and John Jacobs scouted the Bozeman Trail, which was a direct route to the Montana gold fields through the Powder River Country. At the time the region was controlled by the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho, who stepped up their raids in response to the stream of settlers along the trail. In 1864 the commandant of Fort Laramie, Colonel William O. Collins, concerned about the hostilities along the Bozeman Trail, asked Jim Bridger to lead a party of settlers from Denver on a new route to the mines through the Big Horn Basin along the western edge of the Big Horn Mountains. In 1859, Bridger had guided a topographical expedition through the area, and knew the region well. In all, 10 wagon trains made the trip in spring and summer of 1864, two of them guided personally by Bridger. The following year, hostilities along the Bozeman Trail had escalated to the point where Major General Grenville M. Dodge ordered Brigadier General Patrick E. Connor to lead the first Powder River Expedition to try to end the raids along the trail. Connor chose Bridger as one of his guides, and Bridger spent the next few years guiding various military excursions into the Powder River Country and never again lead settlers along the Bridger Trail. The route left the Oregon Trail at Red Buttes, near Fort Caspar in central Wyoming, and headed in a northwestern direction. The trail crossed Badwater Creek near present day Lysite, Wyoming, and followed Bridger Creek into the Bridger Mountains located just to the west of the southern end of the Big Horn Mountains. After cresting the range, the trail lead down along the Kirby Creek drainage to where it meets the Big Horn River near the current town of Lucerne. From there, the trail turns north and follows the Big Horn River. At the mouth of the Nowood River the trail turned northeast and headed toward the Greybull River. After that crossing, the settlers forded the Shoshone River near Powell and continued north into Montana. After traveling through Bridger Canyon, the trail met the Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone River and followed it downstream past the present day town of Bridger, Montana, finally joining with the Bozeman Trail at Rock Creek. The two trails continued together west across Montana to the Virginia City gold mines. The trip could be made in as little as 34 days, though most of the wagon trains took some time to prospect the streams along the route. Few remnants of the trail remain today. Some visible tracks can be seen in Fremont County and Hot Springs, County. There are two sets of remaining carvings of settlers names: one on a sandstone cliff face near Bridger Creek, and the other at Signature Rock between Byron, Wyoming and Cowley, Wyoming. ,  Bridger_Trail  2013-03-17T19:19:56Z   The Bridger Trail was an overland route connecting the Oregon Trail to the gold fields of Montana. Gold was discovered in Virginia City, Montana in 1863, prompting settlers and prospectors to find a trail to travel from central Wyoming to Montana. In 1863, John Bozeman and John Jacobs scouted the Bozeman Trail, which was a direct route to the Montana gold fields through the Powder River Country. At the time the region was controlled by the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho, who stepped up their raids in response to the stream of settlers along the trail. In 1864 the commandant of Fort Laramie, Colonel William O. Collins, concerned about the hostilities along the Bozeman Trail, asked Jim Bridger to lead a party of settlers from Denver on a new route to the mines through the Big Horn Basin along the western edge of the Big Horn Mountains. In 1859, Bridger had guided a topographical expedition through the area, and knew the region well. In all, 10 wagon trains made the trip in spring and summer of 1864, two of them guided personally by Bridger. The following year, hostilities along the Bozeman Trail had escalated to the point where Major General Grenville M. Dodge ordered Brigadier General Patrick E. Connor to lead the first Powder River Expedition to try to end the raids along the trail. Connor chose Bridger as one of his guides, and Bridger spent the next few years guiding various military excursions into the Powder River Country and never again lead settlers along the Bridger Trail. The route left the Oregon Trail at Red Buttes, near Fort Caspar in central Wyoming, and headed in a northwestern direction. The trail crossed Badwater Creek near present day Lysite, Wyoming, and followed Bridger Creek into the Bridger Mountains located just to the west of the southern end of the Big Horn Mountains. After cresting the range, the trail lead down along the Kirby Creek drainage to where it meets the Big Horn River near the current town of Lucerne. From there, the trail turns north and follows the Big Horn River. At the mouth of the Nowood River the trail turned northeast and headed toward the Greybull River. After that crossing, the settlers forded the Shoshone River near Powell and continued north into Montana. After traveling through Bridger Canyon, the trail met the Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone River and followed it downstream past the present day town of Bridger, Montana, finally joining with the Bozeman Trail at Rock Creek. The two trails continued together west across Montana to the Virginia City gold mines. The trip could be made in as little as 34 days, though most of the wagon trains took some time to prospect the streams along the route. Few remnants of the trail remain today. Some visible tracks can be seen in Fremont County and Hot Springs, County. There are two sets of remaining carvings of settlers names: one on a sandstone cliff face near Bridger Creek, and the other at Signature Rock between Byron, Wyoming and Cowley, Wyoming.",0
Henry Thia,"Henry Thia  2012-05-04T15:54:11Z  name  Chinese-language singer and actor Henry Thia (born 25 February 1952) is a Singaporean actor best known for his role as Hui in the 1998 film Money No Enough, and as Georgie Gan in the 2004 television drama Police & Thief. 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2005 2004 2002 1999 1998 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2002,  Henry Thia  2013-12-12T13:21:10Z  name  Chinese-language singer and actor Henry Thia (Chinese: 程旭辉; pinyin: Chéng Xùhuī, born 25 February 1952) is a Singaporean actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Hui in the 1998 film Money No Enough. Before his breakthrough role in Money No Enough, Thia was a member of the main cast of Comedy Nite throughout its run. Although he had many roles in the various sketches, his most memorable role is probably Lion King in the sketch series Liang Ximei. He made a transition to English television in 2004, where he played the recurring role of Georgie Gan in Police and Thief. 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2005 2004 2002 1999 1998 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2002",1
Charles_Edward_Pogue,"Charles_Edward_Pogue  2009-02-01T08:28:04Z   Charles Edward Pogue is a film and television writer who has worked in the sci-fi/fantasy, horror, and thriller genres, and he has also scripted several Sherlock Holmes adaptations. His most well-known work to date is probably the acclaimed 1986 remake of The Fly; he provided the initial drafts, though his work was heavily rewritten by David Cronenberg, the film's director. He has expressed his disappointment with the films that were made from his screenplays for Dragonheart and Kull the Conqueror, saying that they were ruined by studio interference. On the other hand, he has stated that even though Cronenberg extensively revised his script for The Fly he is extremely pleased with the film that was made. ,  Charles_Edward_Pogue  2010-10-31T00:48:56Z   Charles Edward Pogue is a film and television writer who has worked in the sci-fi/fantasy, horror, and thriller genres, and he has also scripted several Sherlock Holmes adaptations. His most well-known work to date is probably the acclaimed 1986 remake of The Fly; he provided the initial drafts, though his work was heavily rewritten by David Cronenberg, the film's director. He has expressed his disappointment with the films that were made from his screenplays for Dragonheart and Kull the Conqueror, saying that they were ruined by studio interference. On the other hand, he has stated that even though Cronenberg extensively revised his script for The Fly he is extremely pleased with the film that was made. From 1997-2001, Pogue served on the Board of Directors of the Writers Guild of America, west.",0
TSG Backnang 1919,"TSG Backnang 1919  2021-01-31T20:42:31Z  The TSG Backnang Fussball is a German association football club from the city of Backnang, Baden-Württemberg. The club's most notable time was between 1965 and 1976, when it reached as far as Germany's second division for one season. The club is one of four legally independent entities of the mother club TSG Backnang 1846. The TSG Backnang was formed on 9 May 1846 as a gymnastics club. Independently from this club, the FV Backnang formed in 1919 as a football club. It existed as such until the end of the Second World War, when the occupation authorities banned all pre-war sport associations and new ones had to be formed. In Backnang, the Sportvereinigung Backnang was formed, which included a number of pre-war associations, including the footballers. Eventually, the club returned to the original name of the gymnastics club, TSG. The club did not break through to the higher reaches of German football until 1965, when it earned promotion to the tier-three Amateurliga Nordwürttemberg, where it finished fifth in its first season. The year after, the TSG came second in the league, behind the VfB Stuttgart Amateure, the second team of VfB which was not entitled to promotion to the professional Regionalliga Süd. It was therefore TSG Backnang who took their place in the promotion round, where the team finished first on equal points with the Offenburger FV. In a promotion decider, TSG won 1–0 and earned promotion to the second division. On 21 November 1967, the club separated into four independent departments, one of them the football department. The reason for this was the promotion of the football team to the Regionalliga, a professional league, which had financial and legal implications for the club that the other departments did not want to carry. TSG only lasted for one season on the professional level, finishing second-last and being relegated back to the Amateurliga again. It came third in its first season back in the Amateurliga in 1968–69, after this it became a mid-table side in the league in the following seasons. After a number of good years, the TSG finished 16th in the league in 1976 and was relegated to the fourth tier. After this, TSG Backnang disappeared into the lower amateur leagues until 1983, playing in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 (V), when it achieved promotion to the tier-four Verbandsliga Württemberg. It played at this level for nine seasons, before being relegated again, without truly coming close to promotion to the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg. In 1991, the club won the Württemberg Cup, beating SSV Reutlingen 1–0. After a three-year absence, it returned to the Verbandsliga in 1995, played there for three years, after which they were relegated again. TSG made one more return to the Verbandsliga for the 2003–04 season but was relegated again immediately. After that, the club played in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 as an upper table side until winning the league in 2014 and earning promotion back to the Verbandsliga. The club is famous for having a single ultra, named Nico. The club's honours: The recent season-by-season performance of the club:,  TSG Backnang 1919  2022-08-11T04:52:10Z  The TSG Backnang Fussball is a German association football club from the city of Backnang, Baden-Württemberg. The club's most notable time was between 1965 and 1976, when it reached as far as Germany's second division for one season. The club is one of four legally independent entities of the mother club TSG Backnang 1846. The TSG Backnang was formed on 9 May 1846 as a gymnastics club. Independently from this club, the FV Backnang formed in 1919 as a football club. It existed as such until the end of the Second World War, when the occupation authorities banned all pre-war sport associations and new ones had to be formed. In Backnang, the Sportvereinigung Backnang was formed, which included a number of pre-war associations, including the footballers. Eventually, the club returned to the original name of the gymnastics club, TSG. The club did not break through to the higher reaches of German football until 1965, when it earned promotion to the tier-three Amateurliga Nordwürttemberg, where it finished fifth in its first season. The year after, the TSG came second in the league, behind the VfB Stuttgart Amateure, the second team of VfB which was not entitled to promotion to the professional Regionalliga Süd. It was therefore TSG Backnang who took their place in the promotion round, where the team finished first on equal points with the Offenburger FV. In a promotion decider, TSG won 1–0 and earned promotion to the second division. On 21 November 1967, the club separated into four independent departments, one of them the football department. The reason for this was the promotion of the football team to the Regionalliga, a professional league, which had financial and legal implications for the club that the other departments did not want to carry. TSG only lasted for one season on the professional level, finishing second-last and being relegated back to the Amateurliga again. It came third in its first season back in the Amateurliga in 1968–69, after this it became a mid-table side in the league in the following seasons. After a number of good years, the TSG finished 16th in the league in 1976 and was relegated to the fourth tier. After this, TSG Backnang disappeared into the lower amateur leagues until 1983, playing in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 (V), when it achieved promotion to the tier-four Verbandsliga Württemberg. It played at this level for nine seasons, before being relegated again, without truly coming close to promotion to the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg. In 1991, the club won the Württemberg Cup, beating SSV Reutlingen 1–0. After a three-year absence, it returned to the Verbandsliga in 1995, played there for three years, after which they were relegated again. TSG made one more return to the Verbandsliga for the 2003–04 season but was relegated again immediately. After that, the club played in the Landesliga Württemberg-Staffel 1 as an upper table side until winning the league in 2014 and earning promotion back to the Verbandsliga. The club is famous for having a single ultra, named Nico. The club's honours: The recent season-by-season performance of the club:",1
Ki Sung-yueng,"Ki Sung-yueng  2012-01-02T16:56:22Z  name Ki Sung-Yeung (Korean: 기성용) (born 24 January 1989), also known as Ki Sung-Yong, is a South Korean professional footballer who currently plays as a central midfielder for Scottish Premier League club Celtic and the South Korea national team. Known for his vision, technique, long range passing and shooting, along with his good set-pieces. He is widely regarded as one of the top young South Korean football prospects. His playing style has earned him the title of the ""Korean Gerrard"". On 22 September 2009, he received a Sky Sports Scout Rating of 62/80. In 2001, Ki was sent to Australia by his father, who believed that Ki could play football and learn to speak English. He played the bulk of his youth career at John Paul College in Brisbane under the BSP (Brain Soccer Program) overseen by Jeff Hopkins. He was part of the team that won the U-15 Nationals (Bill Turner Cup) for John Paul College in 2004. Ki received offers in 2005 from Korean club FC Seoul and also A-League club Brisbane Roar, but decided to move back to South Korea to continue his career. Since then, Ki has been a fluent English speaker. He went by his English name David in Australia. Ki returned to Korea and joined the reserve team of FC Seoul where he played alongside national teammate Lee Chung-Yong. Under Şenol Güneş, he made his senior debut in 2007. During the 2008 season, Ki reinforced his position as a key player of FC Seoul. On 29 October, Ki scored the winning goal against Seoul's biggest rival Suwon Samsung Bluewings in 92nd minute. Ki performed a ""Kangaroo Ceremony"", which he claims to be imitation of Emmanuel Adebayor's, but Suwon fans argue that this was imitation of 'chicken', which is how many Seoul fans call Suwon. He led the team to an unprecedented K-League runners-up position with 4 goals and 1 assist in 21 appearances. In FC Seoul's first K-League match of the 2009 season, Ki scored one goal in the 6–1 drubbing of Chunnam Dragons. There was increasing speculation regarding a big move abroad with suitors including PSV Eindhoven, Hamburg SV and Porto among others. On 25 August 2009, it was revealed that contact between Celtic and FC Seoul had occurred regarding the possibility of Ki's transfer to the Parkhead club. However, the player's agent stated that an immediate move would be unlikely given FC Seoul's success in the league and the Asian Champions League. Three days later, Celtic clinched a £2.1m transfer for Ki. He linked up with the Parkhead side in the January transfer window at the end of the K-League season. The signing was confirmed on 13 December 2009 after Ki passed a medical and secured a work permit. He reportedly turned down an offer from English Premier League club Portsmouth. He wears the number 18 with ""Ki"" on his shirt. He made his debut for Celtic in a 1–1 draw against Falkirk at Celtic Park on 16 January 2010, winning the Man of the Match award from the official Celtic website. He scored his first competitive goal for Celtic with a shot from 25 yards in a 4–0 victory against St. Mirren in the Scottish Premier League (SPL). Ki was voted the SPL Young Player of the Month for October 2010. He became a first team regular and scored his second goal of the season in a 2–2 draw with Inverness Thistle at Celtic Park. On 26 December 2010, Ki scored against St Johnstone in a 2–0 victory in the SPL. On 21 May 2011, Ki scored the first goal of Celtic's Scottish Cup Final win against Motherwell with a left-footed strike from around 35 yards. He also won the official Man of the Match award. Ki started the 2011–12 campaign in Celtic's opening game against Hibernian in the SPL. Scoring the second goal in a 2–0 victory, a 25-yard left foot strike into the right hand bottom corner and also won the Man of the Match award from the official Celtic website. He impressed Celtic manager Neil Lennon so much in the Hibernian game that he said: He's a very important player to us. I rate him very highly. He can go on to be anything he wants to be,"" Lennon told The Telegraph. ""We think he is a class player and we're glad he's here. "" He added: “Ki has been very consistent over the past 18 months. He's developing nicely into a class player. ""He had good presence and good composure on the ball. He has a goal or two in him and his passing range is excellent. ""Ki then went on to score another goal in the Scottish Premier League against Dundee United at Celtic Park, a strike into the top left hand corner from the edge of the box. On 15 August 2011 it was reported that Premiership sides Blackburn Rovers, Tottenham Hotspur and several clubs from the Russian Premier League were interested in signing Ki. Celtic the next day issued a hands off warning to the interested clubs, saying that it would take a bid of significant proportions for Celtic to allow the increasingly important midfielder to leave the club. On 10 September 2011, Ki put Motherwell to the sword yet again, this time in the Scottish Premier League with a superb strike from outside the box with his right foot. Celtic went on to win the game 4-0. On 29 September, he started in Celtic's 1-1 draw with Italian side Udinese. After 3 minutes Celtic won a penalty and Ki scored it. On 18 December 2011, he scored the second goal of the game as Celtic beat St. Johnstone 2-0 at McDiarmid Park. On the international stage, Ki has played in the 2007 U-20 World Cup and for the South Korea national team as well as the South Korea U-23 team. On 7 June 2008, he made his international debut in a 2010 World Cup qualification match against Jordan. On 1 June 2010 Ki was picked in the 23 man South Korea squad. On 12 June Ki played in South Korea's first game of the 2010 World Cup against Greece. Ki played a part in all 3 group games and assisted twice in 2 different matches against Greece and Nigeria which helped him and his country get through to the knock-out stages of the competition. On 25 January 2011, during the 2011 AFC Asian Cup semi-final match between Japan and South Korea, Ki scored the opening goal through a penalty kick. Ki created controversy with his goal celebration by pulling a monkey face and scratching his cheek in front of a pitch-side camera in an allegedly racist slur at Japanese people. Ki initially defended his goal celebration through a Twitter post claiming that he was annoyed at having seen a Rising Sun Flag in the stadium. Ki then claimed that the celebration was a reference to alleged racist abuse he had received during Scottish Premier League games from opposition fans, but the chief executive of Show Racism the Red Card expressed scepticism about this. Asian Cup tournament director Tokuaki Suzuki said that no action will be taken on part of the AFC and that FIFA has not contacted the AFC regarding the matter. On 20 December, 2011, Ki Sung-Yueng (along with Ji So-yun of Kobe INAC Japan) won the South Korean Player of the Year award. The decision was announced by the Korean Football Association (KFA) based on his international and club performance in the Scottish Premier League. FC Seoul Celtic  Republic Squad 2007 U-20 World Cup,  Ki Sung-yueng  2013-12-31T02:53:35Z  name Ki Sung-Yueng (Korean: 기성용, born 24 January 1989) is a South Korean professional footballer who currently plays as a central midfielder for Premier League club Sunderland, on loan from Swansea City, and the South Korea national team. Known for his vision, technique, long range passing and shooting, along with his good set-pieces. In 2001, Ki was sent to Australia by his father, who believed Ki could play football and learn English. He played the bulk of his youth career at John Paul College in Brisbane under the BSP (Brain Soccer Program) overseen by Jeff Hopkins. He was part of the team that won the U-15 Nationals (Bill Turner Cup) for John Paul College in 2004. Ki received offers in 2005 from Korean club FC Seoul and also A-League club Brisbane Roar (then Queensland Roar), but decided to move back to South Korea to continue his career. Since then, Ki has been a fluent English speaker. He went by his English name David in Australia. Ki returned to Korea and joined FC Seoul where he played alongside national teammate Lee Chung-Yong. He was a bench member in the last match of the 2006 League Cup, but did not play. Under Şenol Güneş, he made his senior debut in 2007. During the 2008 season, Ki reinforced his position as a key player of FC Seoul. On 29 October, Ki scored the winning goal against Seoul's biggest rival Suwon Samsung Bluewings in 92nd minute. Ki performed a ""Kangaroo Ceremony"", which he claims to be an imitation of Emmanuel Adebayor's ceremony, but Suwon fans have argued that this was imitation of 'chicken', which is what many Seoul fans call Suwon. He led the team to an unprecedented K-League runners-up position with 4 goals and 1 assist in 21 appearances. In FC Seoul's first K-League match of the 2009 season, Ki scored one goal in the 6–1 drubbing of Chunnam Dragons. There was increasing speculation regarding a big move abroad with suitors including PSV Eindhoven, Hamburg SV and Porto among others. On 25 August 2009, it was revealed that contact between Celtic and FC Seoul had occurred regarding the possibility of Ki's transfer to the Parkhead club. However, the player's agent stated that an immediate move would be unlikely given FC Seoul's success in the league and the Asian Champions League. Three days later, Celtic clinched a £2.1m transfer for Ki. He linked up with the Parkhead side in the January transfer window at the end of the K-League season. The signing was confirmed on 13 December 2009 after Ki passed a medical and secured a work permit. He reportedly turned down an offer from English Premier League club Portsmouth. He took the number 18 with ""Ki"" on his shirt. He made his debut for Celtic in a 1–1 draw against Falkirk at Celtic Park on 16 January 2010, winning the Man of the Match award from the official Celtic website. He played a further four games for Celtic that season, but struggled to make much impact in what was a period of upheaval for the club. Ki barely played for Celtic in the first month of season 2010-12, but came off the bench to score his first competitive goal for Celtic on 22 August 2010 with a shot from 25 yards in a 4–0 victory against St. Mirren in the Scottish Premier League (SPL). By the end of October he had become a first team regular and was voted the SPL Young Player of the Month for October 2010. However, on 30 October 2010, Ki found himself the recepient of apparent racist abuse during a league match away at St Johnstone. A section of the St Johnstone support were heard making barking noises - 'woofing' - at Ki as he took a corner kick. Chants of ""Who ate all the dogs?"" where also heard from the home fans throughout the game. Ki scored his second goal of the season in a 2–2 draw with Inverness Thistle at Celtic Park. On 26 December 2010, Ki scored against St Johnstone in a 2–0 victory in the SPL, in what was his last game for Celtic before travelling to Qatar to play for South Korea in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup during January. On coming back to Scotland in February, Ki returned to the Celtic first team for the 2-2 draw against Rangers in a Scottish Cup tie at Ibrox. Celtic played a significant part of the game with only ten men after Fraser Forster was sent off, but the midfield including Ki won praise for the manner in which they dominated the game in the second half. Ki also played in the replay at Celtic Park, an ill-tempered match which Celtic won 1-0. On 21 May 2011, Ki scored the first goal of Celtic's Scottish Cup Final win against Motherwell with a left-footed strike from around 35 yards. He also won the official Man of the Match award. Ki started the 2011–12 campaign in Celtic's opening game against Hibernian in the SPL. Scoring the second goal in a 2–0 victory, a 25-yard left foot strike into the right hand bottom corner and also won the Man of the Match award from the official Celtic website. He impressed Celtic manager Neil Lennon so much in the Hibernian game that he said: He's a very important player to us. I rate him very highly. He can go on to be anything he wants to be,"" Lennon told The Telegraph. ""We think he is a class player and we're glad he's here."" He added: “Ki has been very consistent over the past 18 months. He's developing nicely into a class player. ""He had good presence and good composure on the ball. He has a goal or two in him and his passing range is excellent.""Ki then went on to score another goal in the Scottish Premier League against Dundee United at Celtic Park, a strike into the top left hand corner from the edge of the box. On 15 August 2011 it was reported that Premier League sides Blackburn Rovers, Tottenham Hotspur and several clubs from the Russian Premier League were interested in signing Ki. Celtic the next day issued a hands off warning to the interested clubs, saying that it would take a bid of significant proportions for Celtic to allow the increasingly important midfielder to leave the club. On 10 September 2011, Ki put Motherwell to the sword yet again, this time in the Scottish Premier League with a superb strike from outside the box with his right foot. Celtic went on to win the game 4–0. On 29 September, he started in Celtic's 1–1 draw with Italian side Udinese, scoring on a penalty after 3 minutes. On 18 December 2011, he scored the second goal of the game as Celtic beat St Johnstone 2–0 at McDiarmid Park in the Scottish Premier League. Over the course of the 2011–2012 campaign, Ki scored 7 goals and had 6 assists, playing a key role in helping Celtic win the Scottish title. Ki's talent and performance at Celtic and national team drew the interest of teams such QPR, Liverpool, Aston Villa, Deportivo La Coruña, Rubin Kazan, and several Bundesliga clubs. On 24 August 2012, Ki transferred to Swansea City for around £6 million on a three-year deal, which was Swansea's record transfer fee until it was broken by Wilfried Bony. He made his debut for the Swans in a 3–1 victory against Barnsley in the second round of the League Cup at Liberty Stadium on 28 August 2012. Wearing a No. 24 jersey, Ki started as a central midfielder and was substituted 76 minutes into the game. Ki enjoyed a promising debut season in the Premier League. Although he failed to replicate the scoring form he displayed at Celtic, his passing style drew praise from supporters and critics, and he finished the season with 38 appearances in all competitions. On 24 February 2013, Swansea City competed in the final of the League Cup. Ki played for over an hour in the final in an unfamiliar central defensive role. The tactical switch proved to be a success, as Swansea ran out comfortable 5–0 winners against Bradford City as Ki won his first trophy with the Welsh club. On 31 August 2013, Ki joined Sunderland on a season-long loan with a mid-season re-call option. He scored his first goal for Sunderland in the 119th minute against Chelsea in a 2–1 League Cup quarterfinal win. On December 26 he scored his second for Sunderland in a 1-0 away win over Everton. Everton goalkeeper Tim Howard played a short pass to Leon Osman who was robbed of the ball by Ki. Howard brought Ki down and was sent off, and Ki converted the penalty kick himself to give the Black Cats a vital win. It was Ki's first league goal. On the international stage, Ki has played in the 2007 U-20 World Cup and for the South Korea national team as well as the South Korea U-23 team. On 7 June 2008, he made his international debut in a 2010 World Cup qualification match against Jordan. On 1 June 2010 Ki was picked in the 23-man South Korea world cup squad. On 12 June Ki played in South Korea's first game of the 2010 World Cup against Greece. Ki played a part in all 3 group games and assisted twice in 2 different matches against Greece and Nigeria which helped him and his country get through to the knock-out stages of the competition. On 25 January 2011, during the 2011 AFC Asian Cup semi-final match between Japan and South Korea, Ki scored the opening goal through a penalty kick. Ki created a controversy by celebrating his goal by making a monkey face and scratching his cheek in front of a pitch-side camera in an allegedly racist slur at Japanese people. Ki initially defended his goal celebration through a Twitter post claiming that he was annoyed at having seen a Rising Sun Flag in the stadium. Ki then claimed that the celebration was a reference to alleged racist abuse he had received during Scottish Premier League games from opposition fans, but the chief executive of Show Racism the Red Card expressed scepticism about this. Asian Cup tournament director Tokuaki Suzuki said that no action will be taken on part of the AFC and that FIFA has not contacted the AFC regarding the matter. On 20 December 2011, Ki (along with Ji So-yun of Kobe INAC Japan) was awarded the South Korean Player of the Year award. The decision was announced by the Korean Football Association (KFA) based on his international and club performance in the Scottish Premier League. In the London 2012 Olympics, he scored the fifth and vital penalty for South Korea in their quarterfinal match against Great Britain, allowing South Korea to progress to the semifinals. FC Seoul Celtic Swansea City A.F.C South Korea U23 Ki confirmed in March 2013 that he was dating actress Han Hye-jin, and announced their engagement in May 2013. The couple filed their marriage registration on June 25, 2013, and wed on July 1 at the Intercontinental Hotel Seoul. Both are devout Christians.",1
NSP4_(rotavirus),"NSP4_(rotavirus)  2008-06-09T19:15:13Z   The rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4 was the first viral enterotoxin discovered. It induces diarrhea and causes Ca2+-dependent transepithelial secretion. ,  NSP4_(rotavirus)  2011-05-20T13:45:54Z   The rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4 was the first viral enterotoxin discovered. It induces diarrhea and causes Ca2+-dependent transepithelial secretion.",0
Spider-Man_Live!,"Spider-Man_Live! 2007-11-18T18:03:22Z   Spider-Man Live! - A Stunt Spectacular was the world's first full length live-action stage show based on the Marvel comic book character, Spider-Man. Written and directed by Kevin Shinick and produced by Ultimate Shows & Entertainment and Marvel Enterprises, the show combined state of the art flying illusions, acrobatic and trapeze stunts, pyrotechnics and multimedia special effects into a theatrical production that embarked on a 40 city U. S. tour from 2002 - 2003. Spider-Man Live! at Variety,  Spider-Man_Live! 2008-06-02T12:11:39Z   Spider-Man Live! - A Stunt Spectacular was the first full length, live-action stage show based on the Marvel comic book character, Spider-Man, to appear in the United States. Written and directed by Kevin Shinick and produced by Ultimate Shows & Entertainment and Marvel Enterprises, Inc, the show combined state of the art flying illusions, acrobatic and trapeze stunts, pyrotechnics and multimedia special effects into a theatrical production that embarked on a 40 city U. S. tour from 2002 - 2003.",0
"Deloro,_Ontario","Deloro,_Ontario  2009-05-19T10:13:13Z   Deloro is a community in the Municipality of Marmora and Lake in Hastings County, Ontario, Canada. Deloro is about 200 km southwest of Ottawa and 65 km east of Peterborough. The Deloro Mine site sits along the banks of the Moira River, along the east side of the Village. During the gold rush days, after striking gold in Eldorado in 1866, prospectors built at least 25 shafts on the area now known as the Deloro Mine Site. Deloro, which has the status of designated place in Canadian census data, had a population of 140 in the Canada 2006 Census. In 1868 gold was discovered in Deloro, meaning ""Valley of Gold"". The Canadian Consolidated Gold Mining Company (a British company) began mining in 1873. This eventually failed since the recover of the gold was so poor. In 1896 Canadian Gold Fields Company bought Deloro and built the first mill where they used a new cyanide process to extract the gold. Roasting furnaces were used to remove the arsenic from the gold, but the quality of the gold was poor, forcing the closure of the mill in 1903. After the completion of the railroad in 1904 it opened up the possibility to ship silver to the Deloro mine for treatment. In 1906 the Deloro Mining and Reduction Company was formed. In 1915 the company changed its name to Deloro Smelting and Refining Company Limited after Dr. Haynes developed the first commercially produced stellite in the world, which was manufacture at the Deloro plant. In 1916 the company began building homes and a public school for its employees and their families. In 1919 the village of Deloro incorporated, making it the smallest village in Ontario until its amalgamation with the Township of Marmora and Lake in the 1990s. The first reeve was S. B. Wright, the plant's general manager. For the next 40 years, the succeeding general managers would continue serve as reeve of the village. Deloro homes boosted water and sewers before Madoc and Marmora. The town became famous as a sporting community. The company was said to have brought ringers to work at the mine. Baseball, hockey, tennis and lawn bowling were important activities. The lawn bowling green can still be seen in Deloro today, beside the Deloro sign, though it is no longer used for bowling. Production was in stellite, arsenic, silver and cobalt until 1956 when the stellite division moved to Belleville. Only silver ore continued to be treated there until the plant closed in March 1961. 'Clean up' and demolition of the mine site followed with tons of arsenite refuse being buried, with the thoughts that it would illimate the health hazard. The 45 company-owned homes were sold off in 1961 for prices up to $900. The residents named their own reeve and council to oversee the less than 200 population, which continued until its amalgamation. The last reeve of Deloro was Doug Lynch, who was one of the original buyers of the land and still lives there today. When manufacturing operations shut down in 1961, nearly 100 years of hazardous by-products and residues were left behind on the Deloro Mine Site. These included a ""complex blend of toxic compounds; metals like cobalt, copper, nickel; and low-level radioactive wastes"". The high levels of arsenic on the site is the main concern. The low-level radioactive ""slag and tailings produced during the re-refining of by-products from uranium refining has also had an impact. The operations at the Deloro Mine Site caused significant environmental impact including the contamination of soil, sediment, surface and ground water. In 1979 the owners of the site abandoned the property and the Ministry of the Environment(MOE) took control of the old mine site. In 1997 soil samples taken from beyond the boundaries of the mine site showed the presences of arsenic, cobalt, nickel, silver and other heavy metals, which is presumed to have been caused by airborne pollutants released during the time the mine was active. In 1998 the Ministry of the Environment began in Environment Health Risk Study for the village of Deloro. In the spring of 1998 a very detailed soil survey was taken involving 145 homes, and in the fall of 1998 the study measured the arsenic levels in the urine of Deloro residents. The soil samples showed higher arsenic, cobalt and lead amounts than the MOE's soil guideline values. Other contaminants; barium, copper, nickel, silver, strontium, uranium and zinc were all below. Radionuclides in the soil were also typical for Ontario. Urine tests showed no meaningful difference between those of the comparison samples taken from Havelock residents. Seven gardens in Deloro gave soil and vegetables from their gardens. While the soil samples tended to be higher than those typically found in Ontario, the vegetables did not contain elevated contaminants. Each home in Deloro, as well as the library, pump house and youth centre had swipe samples taken of interior surface dust. Levels of metals and radiological contaminants were not significantly different than those outside the study area. Fifty-seven homes were also test for radon gas at this time. Ten of them were found to have higher than the provincial guidelines for radon. All 10 of these homes had successful measures taken to prevent radon gases. These ranged from installing vacuum systems to simply replacing dirt basement floors with concrete ones. The village of Deloro was tested for gamma radiation. Three locations were found to have elevated levels within the village, which were still below provincial requirements. All three of these areas were dug up and replaced with fresh dirt. The contaminated dirt was moved on the Deloro Mine Site. Throughout all of the studies and tests done on the Village of Deloro and the Deloro Mine Site it has been made clear that it is safe to live, grow vegetables and drink the water in Village of Deloro. It has also been made very clear the the Deloro Mine Site is heavily contaminated and is not safe.,  Deloro,_Ontario  2011-12-21T23:29:57Z   Deloro is a community in the Municipality of Marmora and Lake in Hastings County, Ontario, Canada. Deloro is about 200 km southwest of Ottawa and 65 km east of Peterborough. The Deloro Mine site sits along the banks of the Moira River, along the east side of the Village. During the gold rush days, after striking gold in Eldorado in 1866, prospectors built at least 25 shafts on the area now known as the Deloro Mine Site. Deloro, which has the status of designated place in Canadian census data, had a population of 140 in the Canada 2006 Census. In 1868 gold was discovered in Deloro, meaning ""Valley of Gold"". The Canadian Consolidated Gold Mining Company (a British company) began mining in 1873. This eventually failed since the recover of the gold was so poor. In 1896 Canadian Gold Fields Company bought Deloro and built the first mill where they used a new cyanide process to extract the gold. Roasting furnaces were used to remove the arsenic from the gold, but the quality of the gold was poor, forcing the closure of the mill in 1903. After the completion of the railroad in 1904 it opened up the possibility to ship silver to the Deloro mine for treatment. In 1906 the Deloro Mining and Reduction Company was formed. In 1915 the company changed its name to Deloro Smelting and Refining Company Limited after Dr. Haynes developed the first commercially produced stellite in the world, which was manufactured at the Deloro plant. In 1916 the company began building homes and a public school for its employees and their families. In 1919 the village of Deloro incorporated, making it the smallest village in Ontario until its amalgamation with the Township of Marmora and Lake in the 1990s. The first reeve was S. B. Wright, the plant's general manager. For the next 40 years, the succeeding general managers would continue serve as reeve of the village. Deloro homes boasted water and sewers before Madoc and Marmora. The town became famous as a sporting community. The company was said to have brought ringers to work at the mine. Baseball, hockey, tennis and lawn bowling were important activities. The lawn bowling green can still be seen in Deloro today, beside the Deloro sign, though it is no longer used for bowling. Production was in stellite, arsenic, silver and cobalt until 1956 when the stellite division moved to Belleville. Only silver ore continued to be treated there until the plant closed in March 1961. 'Clean up' and demolition of the mine site followed with tons of arsenite refuse being buried, with the thoughts that it would eliminate the health hazard. The 45 company-owned homes were sold off in 1961 for prices up to $900. The residents named their own reeve and council to oversee the less than 200 population, which continued until its amalgamation. The last reeve of Deloro was Doug Lynch, who was one of the original buyers of the land and still lives there today. When manufacturing operations shut down in 1961, nearly 100 years of hazardous by-products and residues were left behind on the Deloro Mine Site. These included a ""complex blend of toxic compounds; metals like cobalt, copper, nickel; and low-level radioactive wastes"". The high levels of arsenic on the site is the main concern. The low-level radioactive ""slag and tailings produced during the re-refining of by-products from uranium refining has also had an impact. The operations at the Deloro Mine Site caused significant environmental impact including the contamination of soil, sediment, surface and ground water. In 1979 the owners of the site abandoned the property and the Ministry of the Environment(MOE) took control of the old mine site. In 1997 soil samples taken from beyond the boundaries of the mine site showed the presences of arsenic, cobalt, nickel, silver and other heavy metals, which is presumed to have been caused by airborne pollutants released during the time the mine was active. In 1998 the Ministry of the Environment began in Environment Health Risk Study for the village of Deloro. In the spring of 1998 a very detailed soil survey was taken involving 145 homes, and in the fall of 1998 the study measured the arsenic levels in the urine of Deloro residents. The soil samples showed higher arsenic, cobalt and lead amounts than the MOE's soil guideline values. Other contaminants; barium, copper, nickel, silver, strontium, uranium and zinc were all below. Radionuclides in the soil were also typical for Ontario. Urine tests showed no meaningful difference between those of the comparison samples taken from Havelock residents. Seven gardens in Deloro gave soil and vegetables from their gardens. While the soil samples tended to be higher than those typically found in Ontario, the vegetables did not contain elevated contaminants. Each home in Deloro, as well as the library, pump house and youth centre had swipe samples taken of interior surface dust. Levels of metals and radiological contaminants were not significantly different than those outside the study area. Fifty-seven homes were also test for radon gas at this time. Ten of them were found to have higher than the provincial guidelines for radon. All 10 of these homes had successful measures taken to prevent radon gases. These ranged from installing vacuum systems to simply replacing dirt basement floors with concrete ones. The village of Deloro was tested for gamma radiation. Three locations were found to have elevated levels within the village, which were still below provincial requirements. All three of these areas were dug up and replaced with fresh dirt. The contaminated dirt was moved on the Deloro Mine Site. Throughout all of the studies and tests done on the Village of Deloro and the Deloro Mine Site it has been made clear that it is safe to live, grow vegetables and drink the water in Village of Deloro. It has also been made very clear the Deloro Mine Site is heavily contaminated and is not safe. 44°30′37″N 77°37′23″W / 44. 5104°N 77. 6231°W / 44. 5104; -77. 6231",0
FK Sloboda Užice,"FK Sloboda Užice  2019-02-17T13:08:50Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице), or simply Sloboda Užice or Sloboda, is a professional Serbian football club from Užice. The name Sloboda means freedom or liberty in Serbian. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice′s workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928–29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936–37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year later, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962–63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on 19 February 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the 1987–88 season by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991–92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Serbian League (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced its merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club played in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on 13 October 2011. In their first ever season,in highest tier of Serbian football,they finished sixth,nine places off the relegation zone. They finished the 2011-12 Serbian SuperLiga season fifth and almost achieved Europa League qualifications. The 2012–13 Sloboda Užice season was the same they finished fifth for the second year straight. Also the 12–13 season will be remembered as the negative tradition breaking season. They won against FK Rad at home after 30 years, they achieved their first ever win over Serbian giants Red Star Belgrade away at Marakana, they won against FK Radnički Niš on Čair for the first time and they also won against FK Radnički 1923 away after 47 years. The following season the club got relegated from the SuperLiga on the final matchday after a 1–0 loss to Voždovac at home. Originally the club was meant to be playing in the Serbian League West in the 2016–17 season,with finishing 13th the previous season and getting relegated,but due to the exclusion of Sloga PM the club kept their First League status. The Užice City stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. In July 2013 it was announced that the stadium will have floodlights for the first time in club history. The first game under the floodlights was played against Partizan on September 14, 2013. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as Freedom Fighters (Serbian: Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also Slobodaši. They express their love for their city, club and region with lots of creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is "" Sloboda počinje"", which translates to ""Freedom begins"". Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers,  For summer transfers,  As of 20 September 2017 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players. List of coaches. Other:,  FK Sloboda Užice  2020-11-01T05:45:06Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице), known as Sloboda Užice or simply Sloboda, is a professional Serbian football club from Užice. The name Sloboda means freedom or liberty in Serbian. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice's workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928–29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936–37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year later, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962–63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on 19 February 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the 1987–88 season by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991–92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Serbian League (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced it merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club played in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on 13 October 2011. In their first ever season, in the highest tier of Serbian football, they finished sixth, nine places off the relegation zone. They finished the 2011-12 Serbian SuperLiga season fifth and almost achieved Europa League qualifications. The 2012–13 Sloboda Užice season was the same they finished fifth for the second year straight. Also the 12–13 season will be remembered as the negative tradition breaking season. They won against FK Rad at home after 30 years, they achieved their first ever win over Serbian giants Red Star Belgrade away at Marakana, they won against FK Radnički Niš on Čair for the first time and they also won against FK Radnički 1923 away after 47 years. The following season the club got relegated from the SuperLiga on the final matchday after a 1–0 loss to Voždovac at home. Originally the club was meant to be playing in the Serbian League West in the 2016–17 season, with finishing 13th the previous season and getting relegated, but due to the exclusion of Sloga PM the club kept their First League status. In 2019, after five turbulent seasons in the First League, Sloboda got relegated to the Morava Zone League, fourth tier of Serbian football and was renamed in GFK Sloboda. The Užice City Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. In July 2013 it was announced that the stadium will have floodlights for the first time in club history. The first game under the floodlights was played against Partizan on September 14, 2013. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as Freedom Fighters (Serbian: Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also Slobodaši. They express their love for their city, club and region with many creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is "" Sloboda počinje"", which translates to ""Freedom begins"". Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 30 June 2020 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players. List of coaches. Other:",1
Charles Parnell (actor),"Charles Parnell (actor)  2022-01-11T03:02:51Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children. Parnell took over the role previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. Parnell also provides the voice of Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros. He also played the role of Master Chief Russ Jeter on the TNT show The Last Ship. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in ""Iphigeneia at Aulis"", a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater in New Haven, Connecticut. ,  Charles Parnell (actor)  2023-12-19T03:02:12Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor. He is best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children (2004-2008). He also portrayed Master Chief Russ Jeter on the TNT show The Last Ship from 2014 to 2018. Parnell also acted in the films Top Gun: Maverick (2022), Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One (2023), and The Killer (2023). Parnell took over the role of Frye on All My Children, previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. He voices Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros.. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in Iphigeneia at Aulis, a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater in New Haven, Connecticut.",1
Gmina_Kunice,"Gmina_Kunice  2009-08-07T09:07:35Z   Gmina Kunice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Kunice, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Legnica and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. The gmina covers an area of 92. 79 square kilometres (35. 8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,053. Gmina Kunice is bordered by the town of Legnica and the gminas of Legnickie Pole, Lubin, Miłkowice, Prochowice and Ruja. The gmina contains the villages of Bieniowice, Golanka Górna, Grzybiany, Jaśkowice Legnickie, Kunice, Miłogostowice, Pątnów Legnicki, Piotrówek, Rosochata, Spalona, Szczytniki Małe, Szczytniki nad Kaczawą and Ziemnice. ,  Gmina_Kunice  2010-11-13T05:53:52Z   Gmina Kunice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Kunice, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Legnica and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. The gmina covers an area of 92. 79 square kilometres (35. 8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,053. Gmina Kunice is bordered by the town of Legnica and the gminas of Legnickie Pole, Lubin, Miłkowice, Prochowice and Ruja. The gmina contains the villages of Bieniowice, Golanka Górna, Grzybiany, Jaśkowice Legnickie, Kunice, Miłogostowice, Pątnów Legnicki, Piotrówek, Rosochata, Spalona, Szczytniki Małe, Szczytniki nad Kaczawą and Ziemnice.",0
Christian Vasquez,"Christian Vasquez  2012-02-01T00:27:23Z  Christian Vazquez (born February 8, 1977) is a Negros Occidentalese actor, model and a former housemate of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother: Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition. During his stint at Pinoy Big Brother, he was one of the comedian housemates. He graduated from high school at the University of St. La Salle-Integrated School Batch 1994 in Bacolod City. An Ilonggo, Vazquez gained popularity for his PLDT commercial in which a father who lives in Iloilo forced his son who studies in Manila to take up medicine instead of fine arts. Against his father's will, he took up fine arts instead and finally his father accepted his son's decision. The line of the commercial which is mixed of Ilonggo and Tagalog ""Kung saan ka masaya te suportahan ta ka""(I will support you, wherever you are gonna be happy with) made him popular. On March 4, 2006, Vazquez became the second housemate to be officially evicted from the Pinoy Big Brother house and the fourth housemate to leave the house. He received 13.5% of the people's vote, so far the lowest among that edition's evictees. Big Brother: Celebrity Edition,  Christian Vasquez  2013-11-26T11:38:20Z  Christian Vazquez (born February 8, 1977) is a Negros Occidentalese actor, model and a former housemate of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother: Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition. During his stint at Pinoy Big Brother, he was one of the comedian housemates. He graduated from high school at the University of St. La Salle-Integrated School Batch 1994 in Bacolod City. An Ilonggo, Vazquez gained popularity for his PLDT commercial in which a father who lives in Iloilo forced his son who studies in Manila to take up medicine instead of fine arts. Against his father's will, he took up fine arts instead and finally his father accepted his son's decision. The line of the commercial which is mixed of Ilonggo and Tagalog ""Kung saan ka masaya te suportahan ta ka""(I will support you, wherever you are gonna be happy with) made him popular. On March 4, 2006, Vazquez became the second housemate to be officially evicted from the Pinoy Big Brother house and the fourth housemate to leave the house. He received 13.5% of the people's vote, so far the lowest among that edition's evictees. Big Brother: Celebrity Edition",1
Richard Yap,"Richard Yap  2018-01-08T18:06:40Z  Richard Edison Uy Yap (born May 18, 1967) is a Chinese Filipino actor, model and businessman, best known for his role as ""Papa Chen"" in My Binondo Girl and in the television drama Be Careful With My Heart as Richard ""Sir Chief"" Lim. In 2011, Yap launched his career in ABS-CBN via My Binondo Girl where he played Kim Chiu's father, Chen Sy. In 2012, Yap made several appearances in the network. He played a recurring character in Walang Hanggan as Henry de Dios. But it was his role as Richard ""Sir Chief"" Lim, where he co-starred alongside Jodi Santamaria in the daytime drama Be Careful With My Heart that catapulted him to fame spreading to other countries and made him a household name. The show ran from 2012 to 2014 due to its large following and loyal fanbase. Be Careful With My Heart would go on to have worldwide tours, concerts, an album, and has been aired in numerous other continents. After his stint with Be Careful With My Heart, Yap starred in Nasaan Ka Nang Kailangan Kita, where his character was paired with Vina Morales, and Ang Probinsyano, portraying as an antagonistic character by the name of Philip, and had a special participation in My Super D and Till I Met You. In 2016, he and Sta. Maria reunited onscreen and topbilled the romantic film The Achy Breaky Hearts which was a box office success. Because of this, there is a strong clamor for them to also reunite on television. On his singing career, Yap along with fellow chinito crooner Richard Poon collaborated in an album and a major concert. He topbilled the last installment of Regal Films' Filipino-Chinese drama Mano Po 7: Chinoy. He is also set to do a teleserye next year. Yap was born and raised in Cebu City. He graduated from Sacred Heart School and De La Salle University. Coming from a family who loves to cook, Richard aspired a to be chef in his younger years. As he said in one of his interviews, he is a full-blooded Chinese who was born and raised in the Philippines. ,  Richard Yap  2019-12-16T05:53:16Z  Richard Edison Uy Yap (born May 18, 1967) is a Chinese Filipino actor, singer, model and businessman, best known for his role as ""Papa Chen"" in My Binondo Girl and in the television drama Be Careful with My Heart as Richard ""Sir Chief"" Lim. In 2011, Yap launched his career in ABS-CBN via My Binondo Girl where he played Kim Chiu's father, Chen Sy. In 2012, Yap played a recurring character in Walang Hanggan as Henry de Dios. But his role as Richard ""Sir Chief"" Lim in the daytime drama Be Careful with My Heart catapulted him to fame spreading to other countries and made him a household name. The show ran from 2012 to 2014 due to its large following and loyal fanbase. Be Careful with My Heart would go on to have worldwide tours, concerts, an album, and has been aired in numerous other continents. After Be Careful with My Heart, Yap starred in Nasaan Ka Nang Kailangan Kita, where his character was paired with Vina Morales, and FPJ's Ang Probinsyano, portraying a criminal underworld character by the name of Philip Tang, and had a special participation in My Super D and Till I Met You. In 2016, he and Sta. Maria reunited onscreen and topbilled the romantic film The Achy Breaky Hearts which was a box office success. Because of this, there is a strong clamor for them to also reunite on television. On his singing career, Yap along with Richard Poon collaborated in an album and a major concert. He topbilled the 2016 installment of Regal Films' Mano Po 7: Chinoy. – 2013 She's the One (Film) (performer: ""Don't Know What to Do, Don't Know What to Say"") – 2013 Four Sisters and a Wedding (Film) (performer: ""Salamat"") – 2012 Sarah G Live (TV Series) (performer – 1 episode) – Robi Domingo/Richard Yap/K Brosas/Ate Gay/Kedebon Colim/Cacai Bautista/Bb. Gandanghari (2012) ... (performer: ""The Way You Look Tonight"") – 2012 Be Careful with My Heart (TV Series) (performer – 1 episode) – Maya Is Determined to Chase Her Dreams (2012) ... (performer: ""Please Be Careful with My Heart"") Yap was born and raised in Cebu City. He graduated from Sacred Heart School and De La Salle University. Coming from a family who loves to cook, Richard aspired a to be chef in his younger years. He owns/co-founded several food businesses, such as a gastropub and Asian cuisine restaurant. In 1993, he married Melody Yap, with whom he has two children, Ashley and Dylan. As he said in one of his interviews, he is a full-blooded Chinese who was born and raised in the Philippines.",1
Charles Parnell (actor),"Charles Parnell (actor)  2008-06-05T13:46:05Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children. Parnell took over the role previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. Parnell also provides the voice of Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in ""Iphigeneia at Aulis"", a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater, New Haven, Connecticut. His other appearances include:,  Charles Parnell (actor)  2009-12-21T10:32:32Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children. Parnell took over the role previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. Parnell also provides the voice of Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in ""Iphigeneia at Aulis"", a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater, New Haven, Connecticut. His other appearances include:",1
Rob Lowe,"Rob Lowe  2019-01-01T21:34:25Z  Robert Hepler Lowe (/loʊ/; born March 17, 1964) is an American actor, comedian and director. He is the recipient of two Screen Actors Guild Awards and has been nominated for six Golden Globes Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award. Lowe made his acting debut at the age of 15 with ABC's short-lived sitcom A New Kind of Family (1979-1980). Following numerous television roles in the early 1980s, he came to prominence as a teen idol and member of the Brat Pack with roles in films like The Outsiders (1983), The Hotel New Hampshire (1984), Oxford Blues (1984), St. Elmo's Fire (1985), About Last Night... (1986), and Square Dance (1987). The success of these films established him as a Hollywood star. Following a 1988 sex tape scandal and a highly reviled opening performance at the 1989 Academy Awards, Lowe's public image and film career declined. By the turn of the millennium, his career saw a resurgence when he ventured back into television, making his breakthrough as Sam Seaborn on the NBC political drama The West Wing (1999–2003), for which he received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards. His other significant television roles include; as Robert McCallister on the ABC drama Brothers & Sisters (2006–2010), as Chris Traeger on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2010–14), as Dr. Ethan Willis on the CBS medical drama Code Black (2015–2018) and the A&E reality series The Lowe Files (2017–), in which he appears with his two sons, Matthew and John Owen. In 2018, he made his directorial debut with the television film The Bad Seed, a remake of the 1956 film of the same name. Although the film received mixed reviews, it was watched by 1.87 million viewers, placing it in the top ten most-watched cable programs on that date. Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of Barbara Lynn (née Hepler; 1939-2003), a schoolteacher and native of Connecticut, and Charles Davis Lowe (b. 1939), a trial lawyer. His parents divorced when Lowe and his younger brother Chad were young. Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. He is of German, English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh ancestry. On the show Who Do You Think You Are? , Lowe found out that one of his ancestors, Christopher East, was a Hessian soldier. His ancestor was fighting under the command of Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall and was captured at the American victory at Trenton, New Jersey, on the morning of December 26, 1776. As an American POW, his ancestor was given a choice, and took the option to stay in the United States. Lowe was raised in a ""traditional American setting"" in Dayton, Ohio, attending Oakwood Junior High School, before moving to the Point Dume area of Malibu, California, with his mother and brother. In California, he attended Santa Monica High School, where he met Charlie Sheen. In his autobiography Stories I Only Tell My Friends, he wrote regarding Sheen, ""We were both nerds he wanted to be a baseball player."" One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV film Thursday's Child, for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. He also appeared in the music video for The Go-Go's song, ""Turn to You."" His breakthrough role was his big screen debut in 1983, when he and Emilio Estevez were cast in Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders. Lowe played the role of Sodapop Curtis, the brother of the main character Ponyboy Curtis (C. Thomas Howell) and Darrel Curtis (Patrick Swayze). Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire, making them the two more prominent actors from the group known as the Brat Pack. About Last Night... followed, with Demi Moore (who had starred alongside Lowe in St. Elmo's Fire). He then received his second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). In August 1987 he performed on stage, playing Baron Tusenbach in Chekov's The Three Sisters at The Williamstown Theatre Festival. He recalled meeting Paul Newman there, and that the older actor encouraged him to work in the theatre in 1993 when filming a British TV production of the Tennessee Williams play Suddenly, Last Summer with (the now) Dame Maggie Smith and Natasha Richardson. Lowe is well known for playing Sam Seaborn in the television series The West Wing from 1999 - 2003 (and briefly in 2006). His performance in the show garnered Lowe a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. Lowe was drawn to the role because of his personal love of politics, and his longstanding personal relationship with Martin Sheen, who was cast as President Bartlet. When the show premiered, Seaborn was considered the lead, and the pilot centered on the character. But the acclaimed cast of the show—including Allison Janney, Richard Schiff, Dulé Hill, John Spencer, Bradley Whitford, Martin Sheen (whose President Bartlet was initially scripted as a small role) and Stockard Channing (whose First Lady was initially scripted as a guest role)— were all strong actors and eventually Lowe's character was no longer the lead. Lowe and series creator Aaron Sorkin soon found themselves at odds over the network's meddling with the show, most notably the network demanding changes in the Sam Seaborn character. Eventually, Lowe left the series, not long before Sorkin and director/executive producer Thomas Schlamme unceremoniously quit over a dispute with NBC. During the final season of The West Wing, Lowe returned to his role of Sam Seaborn, appearing in two of the final four episodes. In 2011, Lowe appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and stated that he left the show because he did not feel he was being respected, when the other lead characters received a raise and he did not. After leaving the show, Lowe was the star and executive producer of a failed NBC drama, The Lyon's Den (2003). In 2004, he tried again in a series entitled Dr. Vegas, but it also was quickly cancelled. In 2005, he starred as Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee in a London West End production of Sorkin's play A Few Good Men, the first time the two had worked together since The West Wing. Although Lowe had expressed unhappiness about his decreased role on that show at the time of his departure, he has now repeatedly said that any animosity between them is over and that he was pleased to be working once more with Sorkin, whose talents as a writer Lowe highly regards. Lowe passed on the role of Dr. Derek Shepherd of Grey's Anatomy, which eventually went to Patrick Dempsey. Despite his two cancelled TV series and flops like View From the Top and the made-for-TV movie Perfect Strangers during his post–West Wing run, Lowe found success in the TV miniseries genre. The year 2004 marked his return to this genre; he had appeared in 1994's The Stand, based on Stephen King's book of the same name. In 2004 Lowe starred in the TNT remake of the Stephen King miniseries Salem's Lot which was the highest rated cable program of that summer and the highest ratings TNT original programming had at the time. In 2005 Lowe starred in the miniseries Beach Girls on the Lifetime network, based on the Luanne Rice novel of the same name. The series premiere received the highest ratings for a movie premiere in Lifetime history. In that same year, Lowe filmed his role as a movie agent in the 2006 independent film Thank You for Smoking. In 2006 he filmed The Perfect Day for TNT, in which he took a pay cut to film in New Orleans in order to help the hurricane-ravaged area. That same year, Lowe filmed Stir of Echoes: The Homecoming, the sequel to the 1999 Kevin Bacon thriller Stir of Echoes. In 2006, it was announced that Lowe would join the cast of Brothers & Sisters for a guest run of several episodes. In January 2007, ABC announced that Lowe would be staying on Brothers and Sisters as a ""special guest star"" for the rest of Season 1 after Lowe's initial appearance on the show in November 2006 brought the best ratings and demographic showing for the show since its premiere. Soon after ABC announced an early Season 2 renewal for Brother & Sisters in March 2007, Lowe announced he would be returning for the show's second season. He continued to appear in the series until the end of the 2009–10 season. Unhappy with the stories and his lack of screen time in the fourth season, Lowe announced he would leave. In an episode broadcast on May 16, 2010, his character was part of a multi-vehicle crash involving a large truck and was put into a coma, the storyline was wrapped up in the first episode of the fifth season; Lowe did not appear in the episode. In June 2006, he was the guest host for an episode in the third series of The Friday Night Project for the United Kingdom's Channel 4. Lowe has also appeared in a televised advertisement for 'Visit California', along with other celebrities including Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. (In the advertisement campaign, he was usually pictured in a white tee-shirt printed with the California state flag.) Lowe had a supporting role in the 2009 movie The Invention of Lying and a leading role in Too Late to Say Goodbye. In 2010, he appeared in the biography of the Brat Packers called: Brat Pack: Where Are They Now? He also appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. Lowe is currently teaming up with 44 Blue to produce a reality series entitled Potomac Fever about young adults living in Washington, D.C. In July 2010, it was announced that Lowe would be providing the voice for the superhero Captain Marvel in the upcoming animated series, Young Justice. It was also announced in July 2010 that Lowe would become a series regular on the series Parks and Recreation. In 2011, Lowe guest starred in a recurring role on Showtime's comedy Californication. Lowe featured as the troubled but in-demand actor Eddie Nero – a character based upon ""about ten people"", according to Lowe but somewhat contradicted by sources at Showtime itself – employed to portray Hank in a film version of his book, Fucking and Punching. In 2011, Lowe wrote a memoir titled Stories I Only Tell My Friends, which was released in May 2011. During his promotional tour for Stories I Only Tell My Friends, Lowe told Australian radio show The Kyle & Jackie O Show that during his five-day press visit to Australia in 1990, he was so badly affected by the overuse of painkillers that the only two things he remembers from the trip were being at the Sydney Zoo and getting a tattoo, although he states in his book that he does not remember getting the tattoo. In 2014, Lowe wrote a second book titled Love Life, which was released in April that year. He uses stories and observations from his life in a poignant and humorous series of true tales about men and women, art and commerce, fathers and sons, addiction and recovery, and sex and love. In 2014, Lowe starred in a pilot for the single-camera comedy The Pro as Ben Bertrahm, a former professional tennis player. The pilot was not picked up for series. He also narrated The '90s: The Last Great Decade? on the National Geographic Channel, which aired in July of that year. In 2015, Lowe starred in the satirical thriller Pocket Listing. Lowe has been a commercial spokesman for DirecTV since fall 2014. Commercials featuring Lowe contrast him with some alternate, less appealing form of Lowe, who instead has cable. The advertisements were pulled in April 2015 after the National Advertising Division, acting on a complaint by Comcast, found DirecTV's claims about its customer satisfaction, quality, and ranking to be less than truthful. In February 2015, Fox announced they had greenlit a pilot for the comedy The Grinder starring Rob Lowe and directed by Jake Kasdan. Since November 2015, Lowe voices Simba in the Disney movie and series The Lion Guard. In December 2015, Lowe was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His star is located in front of the Musso and Frank Grill on Hollywood Boulevard. In 2015, Lowe launched Profile™, a men's skincare product line. The line features a collection of five antiaging products specially formulated for men. It is currently sold at Nordstrom stores and online. The product collection includes a cleanser, a shave gel, an aftershave serum, a moisturizer, and an eye serum in the price range of $24.50 to $59.50. In 2016, Lowe launched a fragrance product line called 18 Amber Wood with the Profile™ brand. On August 27, 2016, a TV special for Comedy Central Roasts was recorded and aired on September 5, 2016, with Rob Lowe as the Roastee and David Spade as Roast Master. Amongst the Roasters were Jewel, Nikki Glaser, Ralph Macchio, Pete Davidson, Peyton Manning, Rob Riggle, Jimmy Carr, Ann Coulter and the ""Roast Master General"" Jeff Ross. On April 21, 2017, KFC released a campaign featuring Lowe as astronaut Colonel Sanders giving a JFK speech spoof/homage about launching the Zinger chicken sandwich into space. Lowe said in a statement that when he was a child, his grandfather took him to meet Harland Sanders. In late autumn 2017, Lowe began a reality series with his two sons, 24-year-old Matthew and 22-year-old Jon Owen, on A&E titled The Lowe Files. With the exception of the hour-long pilot, the series features 30-minute road trips with the Lowe boys, and occasional TV guest stars known in the field, investigating common urban myths and legends that Rob has loved since he was a young boy and has shared with his boys throughout their growth, sometimes to the frustration of the boys' mom and Lowe's wife, Sheryl. Some of the topics being explored are Bigfoot/Sasquatch, the alleged unidentified ""submerged"" objects that may have a base right off the coast from L.A., alien abduction, and ghosts and their direct responses to stumuli. The series debuted on August 2, 2017. In October 2018, it was announced that Lowe will star in a new ITV series, Wild Bill, about an American policeman who moves to Boston, Lincolnshire with his daughter. Lowe married Sheryl Berkoff in 1991. They met twice, once at a speed dating session, and again on the set of Lowe's movie, Bad Influence. The couple have two sons: Matthew Edward Lowe (b. 1993), and John Owen Lowe (b. 1995). In 1988, Lowe was involved in a sex scandal over a videotape of him having sex with a 16-year-old girl he met in a nightclub. They were videotaped the night before the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, Georgia. As the age of consent in Georgia was 14 at the time (until 1995 when it was raised to 16), both were of legal age to engage in sexual activity, although 18 was the legal age to be involved in such a recording. At the time, Lowe was campaigning for Michael Dukakis. Another part of the same tape was leaked at the time, showing Lowe and his friend Justin Moritt both having vaginal and oral sex with a young American model named Jennifer, who was never identified, in a hotel room in Paris. This part of the original tape was sold as one of the first commercially available celebrity sex tapes, damaging Lowe's public image. Eventually, his career rebounded, and Lowe mocked his own behavior during two post-scandal appearances as host of Saturday Night Live. In April 2008, Lowe filed separate lawsuits against three former employees accusing them of breach of contract, defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Lowe accused an ex‑nanny of engaging in a scheme to hurt the couple by spreading ""malicious lies"". Another former nanny was accused of falsely claiming to have had a personal and intimate relationship with Lowe, and also repeatedly expressing romantic interest in Lowe, claiming Lowe sexually harassed her and that Sheryl Lowe was an abusive employer. Rob Lowe claimed a former chef engaged in sex on their bed when the family was out of town, stole prescription drugs from the Lowes, broke several security cameras, overcharged them for food, and allegedly made statements to various people that Sheryl was heartless, cold and unclean. Jessica Gibson, Lowe's 24-year-old former nanny, made 12 allegations against Lowe involving sexual harassment claims and labor-code violations. On June 19, 2008, Santa Barbara, California, Superior Court Judge Denise de Bellefeuille dismissed two allegations regarding labor-code violations due to lack of legal basis. The legal battle ended in May 2009, the press reported that court records showed that lawsuits filed by both nannies and Lowe were dismissed in Santa Barbara. Attorneys for both women and Lowe sought the dismissals. Lowe was the first male spokesperson for the 2000 Lee National Denim Day fundraiser, which raises millions of dollars for breast cancer research and education. His grandmother and great-grandmother both suffered from breast cancer, and his mother died of the disease in late 2003. Lowe is a founder of the Homeowner's Defense Fund, a Santa Barbara County non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to local control of land-use planning and transparency in government. The average price of tract homes in Santa Barbara in early 2006 was US$1,100,000, which motivated some to propose denser housing on existing lots. While in favor of increasing housing density, Lowe sought to build a 14,260-square-foot (1,325 m2) mansion for himself on an empty lot in Montecito, California. His protest over the appearance of the address of the empty lot in the Santa Barbara News-Press precipitated a mass resignation of senior employees at that newspaper on July 6, 2006. In December 2017, Lowe was chosen to receive the Horatio Alger Award for 2018. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans recognizes people who have overcome personal challenges to achieve personal and professional success. ,  Rob Lowe  2020-12-27T06:17:34Z  Robert Hepler Lowe (/loʊ/; born March 17, 1964) is an American actor, producer, and director. He made his acting debut at the age of 15 with ABC's short-lived sitcom A New Kind of Family (1979–1980). Following numerous television roles in the early 1980s, he came to prominence as a teen idol and member of the Brat Pack with roles in films like The Outsiders (1983), Class (1983), The Hotel New Hampshire (1984), Oxford Blues (1984), St. Elmo's Fire (1985), About Last Night... (1986), and Square Dance (1987). The success of these films established him as a Hollywood star. Following a 1988 sex tape scandal, Lowe's public image and film career declined. By the turn of the millennium, his career saw a resurgence when he ventured back into television, making his breakthrough as Sam Seaborn on the NBC political drama The West Wing (1999–2003), for which he received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards. His other television roles include Robert McCallister on the ABC drama Brothers & Sisters (2006–2010), Chris Traeger on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2010–2014, 2015), Ethan Willis on the CBS medical drama Code Black (2016–2018), and the Fox drama 9-1-1: Lone Star (2020–present) as Owen Strand. In 2018, he made his directorial debut with the television film The Bad Seed, a remake of the 1956 film of the same name. Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, to Barbara, a teacher, and Chuck Lowe, a trial lawyer. His parents divorced when Lowe and his younger brother Chad were young. Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. He is of German, English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh ancestry. On the show Who Do You Think You Are? , Lowe found out that one of his ancestors, Christopher East, was a Hessian soldier. His ancestor was fighting under the command of Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall and was captured at the American victory at Trenton, New Jersey, on the morning of December 26, 1776. As an American POW, his ancestor was given a choice, and took the option to stay in the United States. Lowe grew up in Dayton, Ohio, in a ""traditional American setting."" He attended Oakwood Junior High School before moving to the Point Dume area of Malibu, California, with his mother and brother. In California, he attended Santa Monica High School, where he met Charlie Sheen. In his autobiography Stories I Only Tell My Friends, he wrote regarding Sheen, ""We were both nerds he wanted to be a baseball player."" One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV film Thursday's Child, for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. He also appeared in the music video for The Go-Go's song, ""Turn to You."" His breakthrough role was his big-screen debut in 1983, when he and Emilio Estevez were cast in Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders. Lowe played the role of Sodapop Curtis, the brother of the main character Ponyboy Curtis (C. Thomas Howell) and Darrel Curtis (Patrick Swayze). In 1984, he starred opposite Jodie Foster in Tony Richardson's The Hotel New Hampshire. Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire, making them the two more prominent actors from the group known as the Brat Pack. About Last Night... followed, with Demi Moore (who had starred alongside Lowe in St. Elmo's Fire). He then received his second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). In August 1987 he performed on stage, playing Baron Tusenbach in Chekov's The Three Sisters at The Williamstown Theatre Festival. He recalled meeting Paul Newman there, and that the older actor encouraged him to work in the theatre in 1993 when filming a British TV production of the Tennessee Williams play Suddenly, Last Summer with (the now) Dame Maggie Smith and Natasha Richardson. Lowe had appeared in 1994's The Stand, based on Stephen King's book of the same name. He played Sam Seaborn in the television series The West Wing from 1999 to 2003 (and briefly in 2006). His performance in the show garnered Lowe a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. Lowe was drawn to the role because of his personal love of politics, and his longstanding friendship with Martin Sheen, who was cast as President Josiah Bartlet. When the show premiered, Lowe was considered the lead, and the pilot centered on his character. But as the acclaimed cast of the show—including Allison Janney, Richard Schiff, Dulé Hill, John Spencer, Bradley Whitford, Martin Sheen (who was initially scripted as a small role) and Stockard Channing (whose First Lady was initially scripted as a guest role)— were all well-known actors, eventually Lowe's character was no longer the show’s main focus. Lowe and series creator Aaron Sorkin soon found themselves at odds over the network's meddling with the show, most notably the network demanding changes in Lowe’s character. Eventually, Lowe left the series, not long before Sorkin and director/executive producer Thomas Schlamme unceremoniously quit over a dispute with NBC. During the final season of The West Wing, Lowe returned to his role of Sam Seaborn, appearing in two of the final four episodes. In 2011, Lowe stated on The Oprah Winfrey Show that he left the show because he did not feel he was being respected, when the other lead characters received a raise and he did not. After leaving The West Wing, Lowe was the star and executive producer of a failed NBC drama, The Lyon's Den (2003). In 2004, he tried again in a series entitled Dr. Vegas, but it also was quickly canceled. Lowe passed on the role of Derek Shepherd of Grey's Anatomy, which eventually went to Patrick Dempsey. Despite his two canceled TV series and flops like View From the Top and the made-for-TV movie Perfect Strangers during his post–West Wing run, Lowe found success in the TV miniseries genre. In 2004 Lowe starred in the TNT remake of the Stephen King miniseries Salem's Lot, which was the highest-rated cable program of that summer and the highest ratings TNT original programming had at the time. In 2005, he starred as Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee in Sorkin’s London West End production of A Few Good Men, the first time the two had worked together since The West Wing. Although Lowe had expressed unhappiness about his decreased role on that show at the time of his departure, he has now repeatedly said that any animosity between them is over and that he was pleased to be working once more with Sorkin. That same year, Lowe starred in the miniseries Beach Girls on the Lifetime network, based on the Luanne Rice novel of the same name. The series premiere received the highest ratings for a movie premiere in Lifetime history. Later, Lowe filmed his supporting role as a movie agent in the 2006 independent film Thank You for Smoking. In 2006 he filmed The Perfect Day for TNT, in which he took a pay cut to film in New Orleans in order to help the Hurricane Katrina-ravaged area. That same year, Lowe filmed Stir of Echoes: The Homecoming, the sequel to the 1999 Kevin Bacon thriller Stir of Echoes. In 2006, it was announced that Lowe would join the cast of Brothers & Sisters for a guest run of several episodes. In January 2007, ABC announced that Lowe would be staying on Brothers and Sisters as a ""special guest star"" for the rest of Season 1 after Lowe's initial appearance on the show in November 2006 brought the best ratings and demographic showing for the show since its premiere. Soon after ABC announced an early Season 2 renewal for Brother & Sisters in March 2007, Lowe announced he would be returning for the show's second season. He continued to appear in the series until the end of the 2009–10 season. Unhappy with the stories and his lack of screen time in the fourth season, Lowe announced he would leave. In an episode broadcast on May 16, 2010, his character was part of a multi-vehicle crash involving a large truck and was put into a coma. The storyline was wrapped up in the first episode of the fifth season; Lowe did not appear in the episode. In June 2006, he was the guest host for an episode in the third series of The Friday Night Project for the United Kingdom's Channel 4. Lowe has also appeared in a televised advertisement for 'Visit California', along with other celebrities including Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. (In the advertisement campaign, he was usually pictured in a white tee-shirt printed with the California state flag.) Lowe had a supporting role in the 2009 movie The Invention of Lying and a leading role in Too Late to Say Goodbye. In 2010, he appeared in the biography of the Brat Packers called: Brat Pack: Where Are They Now? He also appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. Lowe is currently teaming up with 44 Blue to produce a reality series entitled Potomac Fever about young adults living in Washington, D.C. In July 2010, it was announced that Lowe would be providing the voice for the superhero Captain Marvel in the animated series, Young Justice. It was also announced in July 2010 that Lowe would become a series regular on the series Parks and Recreation. He portrayed Chris Traeger, the relentlessly upbeat city manager of the fictional town of Pawnee, Indiana, for four seasons, before his character was written out of the show in 2014. He reprised the role in the 2015 series finale, “One Last Ride”, and in the 2020 special episode “A Parks and Recreation Special”. In 2011, Lowe guest starred in a recurring role on Showtime's comedy Californication. Lowe featured as the troubled but in-demand actor Eddie Nero – a character based upon ""about ten people"", according to Lowe but somewhat contradicted by sources at Showtime itself – employed to portray Hank in a film version of his book, Fucking and Punching. In 2011, Lowe wrote a memoir titled Stories I Only Tell My Friends, which was released in May 2011. During his promotional tour for Stories I Only Tell My Friends, Lowe told Australian radio show The Kyle & Jackie O Show that during his five-day press visit to Australia in 1990, he was so badly affected by the overuse of painkillers that the only two things he remembers from the trip were being at the Sydney Zoo and getting a tattoo, although he states in his book that he does not remember getting the tattoo. In 2014, Lowe wrote a second book titled Love Life, which was released in April that year. He uses stories and observations from his life in a poignant and humorous series of true tales about men and women, art and commerce, fathers and sons, addiction and recovery, and sex and love. In 2014, Lowe starred in a pilot for the single-camera comedy The Pro as Ben Bertrahm, a former professional tennis player. The pilot was not picked up for series. He also narrated The '90s: The Last Great Decade? on the National Geographic Channel, which aired in July of that year. In 2015, Lowe starred in the satirical thriller Pocket Listing Lowe has been a commercial spokesman for DirecTV since fall 2014. Commercials featuring Lowe contrast him with some alternate, less appealing form of Lowe, who instead has cable. The advertisements were pulled in April 2015 after the National Advertising Division, acting on a complaint by Comcast, found DirecTV's claims about its customer satisfaction, quality, and ranking to be less than truthful. In February 2015, Fox announced they had greenlit a pilot for the comedy The Grinder starring Lowe and Fred Savage, and directed by Jake Kasdan. The series, in which Lowe starred as a washed-up actor starting a new career as a lawyer, was cancelled after one season. In November 2015, Lowe voiced Simba in the television pilot movie The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar. Lowe continued to voice Simba for its subsequent series The Lion Guard. In December 2015, Lowe was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His star is located in front of the Musso and Frank Grill on Hollywood Boulevard. In 2015, Lowe launched Profile™, a men's skincare product line. The line features a collection of five antiaging products specially formulated for men. It is currently sold at Nordstrom stores and online. The product collection includes a cleanser, a shave gel, an aftershave serum, a moisturizer, and an eye serum in the price range of $24.50 to $59.50. In 2016, Lowe launched a fragrance product line called 18 Amber Wood with the Profile™ brand. On August 27, 2016, a Comedy Central Roast TV special was recorded and aired on September 5, 2016, with Rob Lowe as the Roastee and David Spade as Roast Master. Amongst the Roasters were Jewel, Nikki Glaser, Ralph Macchio, Pete Davidson, Peyton Manning, Rob Riggle, Jimmy Carr, Ann Coulter and the ""Roast Master General"" Jeff Ross. On April 21, 2017, KFC released a campaign featuring Lowe as astronaut Colonel Sanders giving a JFK speech spoof/homage about launching the Zinger chicken sandwich into space. Lowe said in a statement that when he was a child, his grandfather took him to meet Harland Sanders. In late autumn 2017, Lowe began a reality series with his two sons, 24-year-old Matthew and 22-year-old Jon Owen, on A&E titled The Lowe Files. With the exception of the hour-long pilot, the series features 30-minute road trips with the Lowe boys, and occasional TV guest stars known in the field, investigating common urban myths and legends that Rob has loved since he was a young boy and has shared with his boys throughout their growth. Some of the topics being explored are Bigfoot/Sasquatch, the alleged unidentified ""submerged"" objects that may have a base off the coast from Los Angeles, alien abduction, and ghosts and their direct responses to stumuli. The series debuted on August 2, 2017. On January 3, 2018, Atkins Nutritionals announced Lowe as a new brand spokesperson. Due to his ""low carb lifestyle"", Lowe was selected for a series of multimedia ads that were still airing throughout 2019. In October 2018, it was announced that Lowe would star in an ITV series, Wild Bill, about an American policeman who moves to Boston, Lincolnshire with his daughter. While the show was cancelled by ITV after one season, there were hopes it would be picked up by Netflix or Hulu at a future date. On March 19, 2019, Lowe began hosting the Fox competition series Mental Samurai where he also serves as a producer. Lowe began hosting a podcast called Literally! With Rob Lowe on the summer of 2020. Guests included Chris Pratt and Conan O'Brien. On May 12, 2019, it was announced that a spin-off the 9-1-1 series titled 9-1-1: Lone Star was ordered to series with Lowe in the starring role . The series premiered on January 19, 2020 and was renewed for second season which is set to premiere on January 19, 2021. Lowe has been married to makeup artist Sheryl Berkoff since 1991. They met on a blind date in 1983, and again on the set of Lowe's movie Bad Influence. The couple have two sons: Matthew Edward Lowe (b. 1993) and John Owen Lowe (b. 1995). In 1988, Lowe was involved in a sex scandal over a videotape of him having sex with a 16-year-old girl he met in a nightclub. They were videotaped the night before the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, Georgia. As the age of consent in Georgia was 14 at the time (until 1995 when it was raised to 16), both were of legal age to engage in sexual activity, although 18 was the legal age to be involved in such a recording. At the time, Lowe was campaigning for Michael Dukakis. Eventually, his career rebounded and Lowe mocked his own behavior during two post-scandal appearances as host of Saturday Night Live. Lowe began drinking heavily as a teenager. His early fame allowed him to lead a hard-partying lifestyle that was covered extensively in the tabloids. In 1990, two years following the sex tape scandal, Lowe decided to quit drinking and completed an extensive alcohol rehabilitation program. He has maintained sobriety ever since, saying it was the best decision of his life. In April 2008, Lowe filed separate lawsuits against three former employees accusing them of breach of contract, defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Lowe accused an ex‑nanny of engaging in a scheme to hurt him and his wife by spreading ""malicious lies"". Another former nanny was accused of falsely claiming to have had a personal and intimate relationship with Lowe, and also repeatedly expressing romantic interest in Lowe, claiming Lowe sexually harassed her and that Sheryl Lowe was an abusive employer. Rob Lowe claimed a former chef engaged in sex on their bed when the family was out of town, stole prescription drugs from the Lowes, broke several security cameras, overcharged them for food, and allegedly made statements to various people that Sheryl was heartless, cold and unclean. Jessica Gibson, Lowe's 24-year-old former nanny, made 12 allegations against Lowe involving sexual harassment claims and labor-code violations. On June 19, 2008, Santa Barbara, California, Superior Court Judge Denise de Bellefeuille dismissed two allegations regarding labor-code violations due to lack of legal basis. The legal battle ended in May 2009. The press reported that court records showed that lawsuits filed by both nannies and Lowe were dismissed in Santa Barbara. Attorneys for both women and Lowe sought the dismissals. Lowe was the first male spokesman for the 2000 Lee National Denim Day fundraiser, which raises money for breast cancer research and education. His grandmother and great-grandmother both suffered from breast cancer, and his mother died of the disease in late 2003. Lowe is a founder of the Homeowner's Defense Fund, a Santa Barbara County non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to local control of land-use planning and transparency in government. The average price of tract homes in Santa Barbara in early 2006 was US$1,100,000, which motivated some to propose denser housing on existing lots. While in favor of increasing housing density, Lowe sought to build a 14,260-square-foot (1,325 m2) mansion for himself on an empty lot in Montecito, California. His protest over the appearance of the address of the empty lot in the Santa Barbara News-Press precipitated a mass resignation of senior employees at that newspaper on July 6, 2006. In December 2017, Lowe was chosen to receive the Horatio Alger Award for 2018. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans recognizes people who have overcome personal challenges to achieve personal and professional success.",1
Dialects_of_Polish,"Dialects_of_Polish  2008-04-06T08:44:05Z   In Polish linguistic tradition there are seven general dialectal groups of the Polish language, each primarily associated with a certain geographical region. The dialects (dialekt in Polish) are often further subdivided into subdialectal groups called gwara or region. The Polish language became far more homogeneous in the second half of the 20th century, in part due to the mass migration of several million Polish citizens from the eastern to the western part of the country after the east was annexed by the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II. Standard Polish is still spoken somewhat differently in different regions of the country, although the differences between these broad ""dialects"" are slight. There is never any difficulty in mutual understanding, and non-native speakers are generally unable to distinguish among them easily. The differences are slight compared to different dialects of English, for example. The regional differences correspond mainly to old tribal divisions from around a thousand years ago; the most significant of these in terms of numbers of speakers are Greater Polish (spoken in the west), Lesser Polish (spoken in the south and southeast), Mazovian (Mazur) spoken throughout the central and eastern parts of the country, and Silesian language in the southwest. Mazovian shares some features with the Kashubian language (see below). Several speeches were often classified as dialects of the Polish language in the past, while in modern times they are more often referred to as separate languages. This is particularly true to Kashubian language, which until recently was considered a local variety of Polish language. Some authors in the 19th century (Shtritter, Linde, Wisniewski), preceding the works of Karskiy, suggested the Belarusian language, whether in the 19th century form or in the Medieval literary form, to be the dialect of Polish language. The concepts of Belarusian language not being a linguistical entity in its own right and of Belarusians not being a nation, were employed in times of the 1919-1920 Polish-Soviet war and, later, in the national policies of the Second Rzecz Pospolita. Finally, some modern scholars argue that the Silesian language is in fact a separate speech. In the Polish census of 2002 over 56,000 people declared Silesian as their native language. Note that the following scheme, while often cited, is also considered outdated in some parts for the reasons stated above. Specifically most modern scholars agree that Kashubian is in fact a separate language. While most Polish linguists regard Silesian as a dialect , some also argue that it is rather a language. There is also a number of dialects unrelated to the traditional scheme descending from the ancient Western Slavic tribal groups inhabiting the territory of modern Poland. Among the most notable of them are the urban dialects of some of the larger cities where Polish is (or used to be) commonly spoken. Those include the Warsaw dialect, the Poznań dialect, the Łódź dialect and the Lwów dialect. There are also several professional dialects preserved, of which the best known is grypsera, a language spoken by long-time prison convicts. ,  Dialects_of_Polish  2009-12-30T23:35:06Z   In Polish linguistic tradition there are seven general dialectal groups of the Polish language, each primarily associated with a certain geographical region. The dialects (dialekt in Polish) are often further subdivided into subdialectal groups called gwara or region. The Polish language became far more homogeneous in the second half of the 20th century, in part due to the mass migration of several million Polish citizens from the eastern to the western part of the country after the east was annexed by the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II. Standard Polish is still spoken somewhat differently in different regions of the country, although the differences between these broad ""dialects"" are slight. There is never any difficulty in mutual understanding, and non-native speakers are generally unable to distinguish among them easily. The differences are slight compared to different dialects of English, for example. The regional differences correspond mainly to old tribal divisions from around a thousand years ago; the most significant of these in terms of numbers of speakers are Greater Polish (spoken in the west), Lesser Polish (spoken in the south and southeast), Mazovian (Mazur) spoken throughout the central and eastern parts of the country, and Silesian language in the southwest. Mazovian shares some features with the Kashubian language (see below). Note that the following scheme, while often cited, is also considered outdated in some parts for the reasons stated above. Specifically most modern scholars agree that Kashubian is in fact a separate language. While most Polish linguists regard Silesian as a dialect , some also argue that it is rather a language. Two of the dialects are often considered to be independent languages: There is also a number of dialects unrelated to the traditional scheme descending from the ancient Western Slavic tribal groups inhabiting the territory of modern Poland. Among the most notable of them are the urban dialects of some of the larger cities where Polish is (or used to be) commonly spoken. Those include the Warsaw dialect, the Poznań dialect, the Łódź dialect and the Lwów dialect. There are also several professional dialects preserved, of which the best known is grypsera, a language spoken by long-time prison convicts.",0
Carrot2,"Carrot2  2006-12-18T15:35:36Z  Carrot2 is a search results clustering engine and an open source project developed by Stanisław Osiński and Dawid Weiss. The project's goals are to organize search results automatically into sensible and useful clusters (groups of related documents). Several algorithms are available in the system, most notably the Lingo algorithm. Commercial spin off of the Carrot2 project is a company called Carrot Search. It provides more efficient and powerful versions of the open source text mining algorithms available in the Carrot2 project while still maintaining the latter. ,  Carrot2  2007-11-10T18:36:13Z  Carrot2 is a search results clustering engine and an open source project developed by Stanisław Osiński and Dawid Weiss. The project's goals are to organize search results automatically into sensible and useful clusters (groups of related documents). Several algorithms are available in the system, most notably the Lingo algorithm. Commercial spin off of the Carrot2 project is a company called Carrot Search. It provides more efficient and powerful versions of the open source text mining algorithms available in the Carrot2 project while still maintaining the latter.",1
GPR119,"GPR119  2009-05-19T08:03:07Z   Template:PBB G protein-coupled receptor 119 also known as GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor which in humans is encoded by the GPR119 gene. GPR119, along with GPR55, have been implicated as novel cannabinoid receptors. GPR119 is expressed predominantly in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract in rodents and humans, as well as in the brain in rodents. Activation of the receptor has been shown to cause a reduction in food intake and body weight gain in rats. GPR119 has also been shown to regulate incretin and insulin hormone secretion. As a result, new drugs acting on the receptor have been suggested as novel treatments for obesity and diabetes. A number of endogenous and synthetic ligands for this receptor have been identified: Template:PBB Further reading  Template:PBB Controls,  GPR119  2011-09-23T05:12:43Z   Template:PBB G protein-coupled receptor 119 also known as GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the GPR119 gene. GPR119, along with GPR55 and GPR18, have been implicated as novel cannabinoid receptors. GPR119 is expressed predominantly in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract in rodents and humans, as well as in the brain in rodents. Activation of the receptor has been shown to cause a reduction in food intake and body weight gain in rats. GPR119 has also been shown to regulate incretin and insulin hormone secretion. As a result, new drugs acting on the receptor have been suggested as novel treatments for obesity and diabetes. A number of endogenous and synthetic ligands for this receptor have been identified: Template:PBB Further reading  Template:PBB Controls",0
Val_Pinchbeck,"Val_Pinchbeck  2009-08-20T18:35:27Z   Valjean A. Pinchbeck (February 16, 1931—March 6, 2004) was an American football executive on both the college and professional level. Pinchbeck was born on February 16, 1931, in Syracuse, New York. He died while crossing a Manhattan street abd subsequentlt hit by a cab, he was pronounced dead at the scene. This biographical article relating to an American football player, coach, or other figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Val_Pinchbeck  2010-02-24T08:29:03Z   Valjean A. Pinchbeck (February 16, 1931—March 6, 2004) was an American football executive on both the college and professional level. Pinchbeck was born on February 16, 1931, in Syracuse, New York. He died while crossing a Manhattan street and subsequently hit by a cab, he was pronounced dead at the scene. http://www. nytimes. com/2004/03/08/sports/val-pinchbeck-73-former-head-of-broadcasting-for-the-nfl. html Template:NFL Alumni Order of the Leather Helmet This biographical article relating to an American football player, coach, or other figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2019-01-04T02:45:28Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the TEDA Holding (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club in 1956 to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however, short-lived, and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however, be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995, while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club, and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It seemed like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did, winning the game 2-1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the players' wages, and it was not until the club's owner, Liu Huiwen, heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 2 March 2018 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2018 season. Key As of 1 January 2018 On neutral venue Tianjin TEDA F.C. score is counted first,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2020-12-26T20:55:23Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the TEDA Holding (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club is one of the only four clubs that has stayed in the top tier for all fifteen seasons since the establishment of Chinese Super League, the other three being Shandong Luneng, Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua. According to Forbes, Tianjin are the 8th most valuable football team in China, with a team value of $84 million, and an estimated revenue of $15 million in 2015. The club's first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club in 1956. The players were mainly from the United White team that lost to the United Red team in the finals of the 1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial. The club took part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however, short-lived, and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however, be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the club's management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995, while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club, and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It seemed like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season, which they unexpectedly did, winning the game 2–1. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they also affiliated themselves with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory in 2007. They achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the players' wages, and it was not until the club's owner, Liu Huiwen, heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. In subsequent seasons they struggled and declined in the ranks, coming within one rank of relegation in the 2018 Chinese Super League. After a short comeback of 7th place in the 2019 season, their situation continued to get worse. Despite the efforts of firing German Uli Stielike and replacing him with Wang Baoshan to attempt for positive changes midway of the season, TEDA were placed last finishing the regular portion of the 2020 season, with a winless league season of only 3 draws. TEDA also became the first team in CSL history to suffer a winless season (excluding specialized playoffs in 2020 due to the occurrence of COVID-19). Additionally, this season is the worst season in terms of points for both TEDA and any team in CSL history. As an outcome, TEDA sparked the public anger of many of its fans. Plenty of them went on social media such as Weibo to criticize the team and expressing their deep dissatisfaction towards the players, the coach, as well as club officials. Nevertheless, they won two matches out of six relegation playoffs, which eventually earned them a surprising tenth place as their final position. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Also, Tianjin Tianhai were considered their rivals developed during recent years due to the separation of some Tianjinese fans. The two teams used the same ground in 2019 season. Nevertheless, this rivalry came to an end followed by the dissolution of Tianhai in 2020. As of 26 December 2020 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 26 December 2020 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) The number was retired in January 2016. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of the end of 2020 season. Key As of 2020 season",1
Synth_Look_and_Feel,"Synth_Look_and_Feel  2008-05-25T12:33:44Z   synth is a skinnable Java look and feel, which is configured with an XML property file. According to Sun, goals for synth were: synth is available beginning with version J2SE 5. 0 of Java (see Java version history). Java upcoming Java SE 6 Update 10 release (which was called Consumer JRE by Sun) will use Nimbus, a cross-platform Look and Feel implemented with synth, as the default Look and Feel. Synth is a skinnable look and feel in which all painting is delegated to the components, without having to write any code (see Synth Look and Feel). However synth does not provide a default look, and components that are not defined in the synth XML file will not be painted. The following XML declaration defines a style named textfield and binds it to all text fields. Supposing that the XML declaration is defined in a file named synthExample. xml, the following code loads the XML definition file and sets the current look and feel to synth (loading a synth Look and Feel is done using the load method of the SynthLookAndFeel class): ,  Synth_Look_and_Feel  2008-08-02T09:52:32Z   synth is a skinnable Java look and feel, which is configured with an XML property file. According to Sun, goals for synth were: synth is available beginning with version J2SE 5. 0 of Java (see Java version history). Java upcoming Java SE 6 Update 10 release (which was called Consumer JRE by Sun) will use Nimbus, a cross-platform Look and Feel implemented with synth, as the default Look and Feel. Synth is a skinnable look and feel in which all painting is delegated to the components, without having to write any code (see Synth Look and Feel). However synth does not provide a default look, and components that are not defined in the synth XML file will not be painted. It is however possible to assign a default style to all other widgets, and customize styles for some specific widgets only. The following XML declaration defines a style named textfield and binds it to all text fields. The defaultStyle allows to set a default font, foreground and background colors to all other widgets. Supposing that the XML declaration is defined in a file named synthExample. xml, the following code loads the XML definition file and sets the current look and feel to synth (loading a synth Look and Feel is done using the load method of the SynthLookAndFeel class):",0
Safari (web browser),"Safari (web browser)  2019-01-15T03:49:03Z  Safari is a graphical web browser developed by Apple, based on the WebKit engine. First released on desktop in 2003 with Mac OS X Panther, a mobile version has been bundled with iOS devices since the iPhone's introduction in 2007. Safari is the default browser on Apple devices. A Windows version was available from 2007 to 2012. Until 1997, Apple’s Macintosh computers shipped with the Netscape Navigator and Cyberdog web browsers only. Internet Explorer for Mac was later included as the default web browser for Mac OS 8.1 and later, as part of a five-year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. During that time, Microsoft released three major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac that were bundled with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9, though Apple continued to include Netscape Navigator as an alternative. Microsoft ultimately released a Mac OS X edition of Internet Explorer for Mac, which was included as the default browser in all Mac OS X releases from Mac OS X DP4 up to and including Mac OS X v10.2. On January 7, 2003, at Macworld San Francisco, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed its own web browser, called Safari. It was based on Apple's internal fork of the KHTML rendering engine, called WebKit. The company released the first beta version, available only for Mac OS X, later that day. A number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, up until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. Initially only available as a separate download for Mac OS X 10.2, Safari was bundled with Mac OS X v10.3 on October 24, 2003 as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. Version 1.0.3, released on August 13, 2004 was the last version to support Mac OS X 10.2, while 1.3.2, released on January 12, 2006 was the last version to support Mac OS X 10.3. However, 10.3 received security updates through 2007. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his study by fixing specific bugs in Safari, thereby enabling it to pass the Acid2 test developed by the Web Standards Project. On April 27, 2005, he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. Safari 2.0 was released on April 29, 2005, as the only web browser included with Mac OS X 10.4. This version was touted by Apple as possessing a 1.8x speed boost over version 1.2.4, but did not yet include the Acid2 bug fixes. The necessary changes were initially unavailable to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at OpenDarwin.org. Apple eventually released version 2.0.2 of Safari, which included the modifications required to pass Acid2, on October 31, 2005. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements, remains proprietary. The final stable version of Safari 2, Safari 2.0.4, was released on January 10, 2006 for Mac OS X. It was only available as part of Mac OS X Update 10.4.4. This version addressed layout and CPU usage issues, among other improvements. Safari 2.0.4 was the last version to be released exclusively on Mac OS X until version 6 in 2012. On January 9, 2007, at Macworld SF, Jobs announced the iPhone. The device’s operating system (later called iPhone OS and subsequently renamed to iOS) used a mobile version of the Safari browser and was able to display full, desktop-class websites. On June 11, 2007, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, Jobs announced Safari 3 for Mac OS X 10.5, Windows XP, and Windows Vista. During the announcement, he ran a benchmark based on the iBench browser test suite comparing the most popular Windows browsers, hence claiming that Safari was the fastest browser. Later third-party tests of HTTP load times would support Apple's claim that Safari 3 was indeed the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, though it was found to be only negligibly faster than Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox when loading static content from local cache. The initial Safari 3 beta version for Windows, released on the same day as its announcement at WWDC 2007, had several known bugs and a zero day exploit that allowed remote execution. The addressed bugs were then corrected by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1 for Windows. On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance issues and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handles some fonts that are missing in the browser but already installed on Windows computers, such as Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, and others. The iPhone was formally released on June 29, 2007. It included a version of Safari based on the same WebKit rendering engine as the desktop version, but with a modified feature set better suited for a mobile device. The version number of Safari as reported in its user agent string is 3.0, in line with the contemporary desktop versions of Safari. The first stable, non-beta release of Safari for Windows, Safari 3.1, was offered as a free download on March 18, 2008. In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2, addressing a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop. Safari 3.2, released on November 13, 2008, introduced anti-phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support. The final version of Safari 3 is 3.2.3, released on May 12, 2009. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit development team announced SquirrelFish, a new JavaScript engine that vastly improves Safari's speed at interpreting scripts. The engine is one of the new features in Safari 4, released to developers on June 11, 2008. The new JavaScript engine quickly evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme, featuring even further improved performance over SquirrelFish, and was eventually marketed as Nitro. A public beta of Safari 4 was released on February 24, 2009, with new features such as the Top Sites tool (similar to Opera's Speed Dial feature), which displays the user's most visited sites on a 3D wall. Cover Flow, a feature of Mac OS X and iTunes, was also implemented in Safari. In the public beta versions, tabs were placed in the title bar of the window, similar to Google Chrome. The tab bar was moved back to its original location, below the URL bar, in the final release. The Windows version adopted a native Windows theme, rather than the previously employed Mac OS X-style interface. Also Apple removed the blue progress bar located in the address bar (later reinstated in Safari 5). Safari 4.0.1 was released for Mac on June 17, 2009 and fixed problems with Faces in iPhoto '09. Safari 4 in Mac OS X v10.6 ""Snow Leopard"" has 64-bit support, which can make JavaScript loading up to 50% faster. It also has built-in crash resistance unique to Snow Leopard; crash resistance will keep the browser intact if a plug-in like Flash player crashes, such that the other tabs or windows will be unaffected. Safari 4.0.4, released on November 11, 2009 for both OS X and Windows, further improves JavaScript performance. Safari was one of the twelve browsers offered to EU users of Microsoft Windows in 2010. It was one of the five browsers displayed on the first page of browser choices along with Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Opera. Beginning with Safari 4, the address bar has been completely revamped: Safari on Mac OS X and Windows was made to look more similar to Safari on iPhone than previous versions. Safari 4 also includes the following new features: Apple released Safari 5 on June 7, 2010, featuring the new Safari Reader for reading articles on the web without distraction (based on Arc90's Readability tool), and a 30 percent JavaScript performance increase over Safari 4. Safari 5 includes improved developer tools and supports more than a dozen new HTML5 technologies, focused on interoperability. With Safari 5, developers can now create secure Safari Extensions to customize and enhance the browsing experience. Apple also re-added the progress bar behind the address bar in this release. Safari 5.0.1 enabled the Extensions PrefPane by default; previously, users had to enable it via the Debug menu. Apple also released Safari 4.1 concurrently with Safari 5, exclusively for Mac OS X Tiger. The update included the majority of the features and security enhancements found in Safari 5. It did not, however, include Safari Reader or Safari Extensions. Together with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, Apple released Safari 5.1 for both Windows and Mac on July 20, 2011, with the new function 'Reading List' and a faster browsing experience. Apple simultaneously released Safari 5.0.6 for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, excluding Leopard users from the new functions in Safari 5.1. Safari 5.1.7 has become the last version of Safari developed for Windows. Safari 5 includes the following new features: Additionally, the blue inline progress bar has returned to the address bar, in addition to the spinning bezel and loading indicator introduced in Safari 4. Top Sites view now has a button to switch to Full History Search. Other features include Extension builder for developers of Safari Extensions, which are built using web standards such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Safari 6.0 was previously known as Safari 5.2 until Apple announced the change at WWDC 2012. The stable release of Safari 6 coincided with the release of OS X Mountain Lion on July 25, 2012, and is integrated into the OS. As Apple integrated it with Mountain Lion, it is no longer available for download from the Apple website or other sources. Apple released Safari 6 via Software Update for users of OS X Lion. It has not been released for OS X versions prior to Lion or for Windows. Regarding the unavailability of Safari 6 on Windows, Apple has stated ""Safari 6 is available for Mountain Lion and Lion. Safari 5 continues to be available for Windows."" Microsoft removed Safari from its BrowserChoice page. On June 11, 2012, Apple released a developer preview of Safari 6.0 with a feature called iCloud Tabs, which allows users to 'sync' their open tabs with any iOS or other OS X device running the latest software. Safari 6 also included new privacy features, including an ""Ask websites not to track me"" preference, and the ability for websites to send OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion users notifications, although it removed RSS support. Safari 6 has the Share Sheets capability in OS X Mountain Lion. The Share Sheet options are: Add to Reading List, Add Bookmark, Email this Page, Message, Twitter and Facebook. Users can now see tabs with full page previews available. Safari 6 introduced the following features, many of which are only available on OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: Additionally various features were removed, including, but not limited to, Activity Window, separate Download Window, direct support for RSS feeds in the URL field and bookmarks. The separate search field is also no longer available as a toolbar configuration option. Announced at Apple's Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) on June 10, 2013, the Safari 7/6.1 developer preview brought improvements in JavaScript performance and memory usage, as well as a new look for Top Sites and the Sidebar, and a new Shared Links feature. Additionally, a new Power Saver feature pauses Plugins which are not in use. Safari 7 for OS X Mavericks and Safari 6.1 (for Lion and Mountain Lion) were released along with OS X Mavericks in an Apple special event on October 22, 2013. Safari 8 was announced at WWDC 2014 and released with OS X Yosemite. It included WebGL support, stronger privacy features, increased speed and efficiency, enhanced iCloud integration, and updated design. Safari 8 introduced the following features, available on OS X Yosemite: Safari 9 was announced at WWDC 2015 and released with OS X El Capitan. It included muting tabs and pinned tabs. Safari 10 was released alongside macOS Sierra 10.12 for OS X Yosemite and OS X El Capitan. It does not include all of the new features available in macOS Sierra, like Apple Pay on the web and picture-in-picture support for videos, but the update includes the following new functions: Safari 10 also includes a number of security updates, including fixes for six WebKit vulnerabilities and issues related to Reader and Tabs. Safari 11 was released as a part of macOS High Sierra but was also made available for OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra on September 19, 2017. Safari 11 includes several new features such as an Intelligent Tracking Prevention feature which prevents websites from cross-site tracking. Safari 12 was released in the lead up to macOS Mojave but was also made available for macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra on September 17, 2018. Safari 12 includes several new features such as Icons in tabs, Automatic Strong Passwords, Intelligent Tracking Prevention 2.0. An updated Safari version 12.0.1 was released on October 30, 2018 as part of MacOS Mojave 10.14.1 release, and Safari 12.0.2 was released on December 5, 2018, alongside macOS 10.14.2. Support for developer-signed classic Safari Extensions has been dropped. This version will also be the last one that supports the official Extensions Gallery, and Apple encourages extension authors to switch to Safari App Extensions. This move triggered negative feedback in the community. Safari Technology Preview was first released alongside OS X El Capitan 10.11.4. Safari Technology Preview releases include the latest version of WebKit, incorporating Web technologies to be incorporated in future stable releases of Safari, so that developers and users can install the Technology Preview release on a Mac, test those features, and provide feedback. On macOS, Safari is a Cocoa application. It uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (originally based on KDE's JavaScript engine, named KJS). Like KHTML and KJS, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. Until Safari 6.0, it included a built-in web feed aggregator that supported the RSS and Atom standards. Current features include Private Browsing (a mode in which no record of information about the user's web activity is retained by the browser), an ""Ask websites not to track me"" privacy setting, the ability to archive web content in WebArchive format, the ability to email complete web pages directly from a browser menu, the ability to search bookmarks, and the ability to share tabs between all Mac and iOS devices running appropriate versions of software via an iCloud account. iOS-specific features for Safari enable: Tab limit increased from 36 to 500 WebKit2 is a multiprocess API for WebKit, where the web-content is handled by a separate process than the application using WebKit. Apple announced WebKit2 in April 2010. Safari for OS X switched to the new API with version 5.1. Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8. Apple maintains a plugin blacklist that it can remotely update to prevent potentially dangerous or vulnerable plug-ins from running on Safari. Initially, Apple had blocked versions of Flash and Java, but since Safari 12 support for NPAPI plugins (except for Flash) have been completely dropped. The license has common terms against reverse engineering, copying and sub-licensing, except parts that are open source, and it disclaims warranties and liability. Apple tracks use of the browser. Windows users may not opt out of tracking, since their license omits the opening If clause. Other users may opt out, and all users can opt out of location tracking by not using location services. ""If you choose to allow diagnostic and usage collection, you agree that Apple and its subsidiaries and agents may collect... usage and related information... to provide ... services to you (if any) related to the Apple Software... in a form that does not personally identify you... Apple may also provide any such partner or third party developer with a subset of diagnostic information that is relevant to that partner’s or developer’s software... Apple and its partners, licensees, third party developers and website may transmit, collect, maintain, process and use your location data... and location search queries... in a form that does not personally identify you ... You may withdraw this consent at any time..."" Apple thinks ""personal"" does not cover ""unique device identifiers"" such as serial number, cookie number, or IP address, so they use these where allowed by law. ""We may collect, use, transfer, and disclose non-personal information for any purpose. The following are some examples of non-personal information that we collect ... unique device identifier... We treat information collected by cookies and other technologies as non‑personal information. However, to the extent that Internet Protocol (IP) addresses or similar identifiers are considered personal information by local law, we also treat these identifiers as personal information."" In September 2017 Apple announced that it will use artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce the ability of advertisers to track Safari users as they browse the web. Cookies used for tracking will be allowed for 24 hours, then disabled, unless AI judges the user wants the cookie. Major advertising groups objected, saying it will reduce the free services supported by advertising, while other experts praised the change. An overview and detailed information about Safari exploits is listed by CVE Details. In the PWN2OWN contest at the 2008 CanSecWest security conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, an exploit of Safari caused Mac OS X to be the first OS to fall in a hacking competition. Participants competed to find a way to read the contents of a file located on the user's desktop in one of three operating systems: Mac OS X Leopard, Windows Vista SP1, and Ubuntu 7.10. On the second day of the contest, when users were allowed to physically interact with the computers (the prior day permitted only network attacks), Charlie Miller compromised Mac OS X through an unpatched vulnerability of the PCRE library used by Safari. Miller was aware of the flaw before the conference and worked to exploit it unannounced, as is the common approach in these contests. The exploited vulnerability and other flaws were patched in Safari 3.1.1. In the 2009 PWN2OWN contest, Charlie Miller performed another exploit of Safari to hack into a Mac. Miller again acknowledged that he knew about the security flaw before the competition and had done considerable research and preparation work on the exploit. Apple released a patch for this exploit and others on May 12, 2009 with Safari 3.2.3. Safari 6.0 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.7.4 or later. Safari 5.1.7 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.6.8 or any PC running Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later, Windows Vista, or Windows 7. Safari 5.0.6 requires a Mac running on Mac OS X 10.5.8. The version of Safari included in Mac OS X v10.6 (and later versions) is compiled for 64-bit architecture. Apple claims that running Safari in 64-bit mode will increase rendering speeds by up to 50%. On 64-bit devices, iOS and its stock apps are 64-bit builds including Safari. An earlier version of Apple Software Update (bundled with Safari, QuickTime, and iTunes for Microsoft Windows) selected Safari for installation from a list of Apple programs to download by default, even when an existing installation of Safari was not detected on a user's machine. John Lilly, former CEO of Mozilla, stated that Apple's use of its updating software to promote its other products was ""a bad practice and should stop."" He argued that the practice ""borders on malware distribution practices"" and ""undermines the trust that we're all trying to build with users."" Apple spokesman Bill Evans sidestepped Lilly's statement, saying that Apple was only ""using Software Update to make it easy and convenient for both Mac and Windows users to get the latest Safari update from Apple."" Apple also released a new version of Apple Software Update that puts new software in its own section, though still selected for installation by default. By late 2008, Apple Software Update no longer selected new installation items in the new software section by default. Software security firm Sophos detailed how Snow Leopard and Windows users were not supported by the Safari 6 release at the time, while there were over 121 vulnerabilities left unpatched on those platforms. Since then, Snow Leopard has had only three minor version releases (the most recent in September 2013), and Windows has had none. While no official word has been released by Apple, the indication is that these are the final versions available for these operating systems, and both retain significant security issues. While Safari pioneered several now standard HTML5 features (such as the Canvas API) in its early years, it has increasingly come under attack for failing to keep pace with modern web standards. In the past, Apple did not allow third party web browsers under iOS, but now there are plenty of web browsers available for iOS, including Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Edge. However, due to Apple developer's policies, browsers like Firefox for iOS needed to change its internal browser engine from Gecko to WebKit. There are ongoing lawsuits in France related with Apple policies for developers. The Safari Developer Program was a free program for writers of extensions and HTML5 websites. It allowed members to develop extensions for Apple's Safari web browser. Since WWDC 2015 it is part of the unified Apple Developer Program, which costs $99 a year. ,  Safari (web browser)  2020-12-25T04:27:29Z  Safari is a graphical web browser developed by Apple, based on the WebKit engine. First released on desktop in 2003 with Mac OS X Panther, a mobile version has been bundled with iOS devices since the iPhone's introduction in 2007. Safari is the default browser on Apple devices. A Windows version was available from 2007 to 2012. Until 1997, Apple's Macintosh computers shipped with the Netscape Navigator and Cyberdog web browsers only. Internet Explorer for Mac was later included as the default web browser for Mac OS 8.1 and later, as part of a five-year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. During that time, Microsoft released three major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac that were bundled with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9, though Apple continued to include Netscape Navigator as an alternative. Microsoft ultimately released a Mac OS X edition of Internet Explorer for Mac, which was included as the default browser in all Mac OS X releases from Mac OS X DP4 up to and including Mac OS X v10.2. On January 7, 2003, at Macworld San Francisco, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed its own web browser, called Safari. It was based on Apple's internal fork of the KHTML rendering engine, called WebKit. The company released the first beta version, available only for Mac OS X, later that day. A number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, up until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. Initially only available as a separate download for Mac OS X 10.2, Safari was bundled with Mac OS X v10.3 on October 24, 2003, as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. Version 1.0.3, released on August 13, 2004, was the last version to support Mac OS X 10.2, while 1.3.2, released on January 12, 2006, was the last version to support Mac OS X 10.3. However, 10.3 received security updates through 2007. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his study by fixing specific bugs in Safari, thereby enabling it to pass the Acid2 test developed by the Web Standards Project. On April 27, 2005, he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. Safari 2.0 was released on April 29, 2005, as the only web browser included with Mac OS X 10.4. This version was touted by Apple as possessing a 1.8x speed boost over version 1.2.4, but did not yet include the Acid2 bug fixes. The necessary changes were initially unavailable to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at OpenDarwin.org. Apple eventually released version 2.0.2 of Safari, which included the modifications required to pass Acid2, on October 31, 2005. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements, remains proprietary. The final stable version of Safari 2, Safari 2.0.4, was released on January 10, 2006, for Mac OS X. It was only available as part of Mac OS X Update 10.4.4. This version addressed layout and CPU usage issues, among other improvements. Safari 2.0.4 was the last version to be released exclusively on Mac OS X. On January 9, 2007, at Macworld SF, Jobs announced the iPhone. The device's operating system (later called iPhone OS and subsequently renamed to iOS) used a mobile version of the Safari browser and was able to display full, desktop-class websites. On June 11, 2007, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, Jobs announced Safari 3 for Mac OS X 10.5, Windows XP, and Windows Vista. During the announcement, he ran a benchmark based on the iBench browser test suite comparing the most popular Windows browsers, hence claiming that Safari was the fastest browser. Later third-party tests of HTTP load times would support Apple's claim that Safari 3 was indeed the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, though it was found to be only negligibly faster than Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox when loading static content from local cache. The initial Safari 3 beta version for Windows, released on the same day as its announcement at WWDC 2007, had several known bugs and a zero day exploit that allowed remote execution. The addressed bugs were then corrected by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1 for Windows. On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance issues and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handles some fonts that are missing in the browser but already installed on Windows computers, such as Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, and others. The iPhone was formally released on June 29, 2007. It included a version of Safari based on the same WebKit rendering engine as the desktop version, but with a modified feature set better suited for a mobile device. The version number of Safari as reported in its user agent string is 3.0, in line with the contemporary desktop versions of Safari. The first stable, non-beta release of Safari for Windows, Safari 3.1, was offered as a free download on March 18, 2008. In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2, addressing a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop. Safari 3.2, released on November 13, 2008, introduced anti-phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support. The final version of Safari 3 is 3.2.3, released on May 12, 2009. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit development team announced SquirrelFish, a new JavaScript engine that vastly improves Safari's speed at interpreting scripts. The engine is one of the new features in Safari 4, released to developers on June 11, 2008. The new JavaScript engine quickly evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme, featuring even further improved performance over SquirrelFish, and was eventually marketed as Nitro. A public beta of Safari 4 was released on February 24, 2009, with new features such as the Top Sites tool (similar to Opera's Speed Dial feature), which displays the user's most visited sites on a 3D wall. Cover Flow, a feature of Mac OS X and iTunes, was also implemented in Safari. In the public beta versions, tabs were placed in the title bar of the window, similar to Google Chrome. The tab bar was moved back to its original location, below the URL bar, in the final release. The Windows version adopted a native Windows theme, rather than the previously employed Mac OS X-style interface. Also, Apple removed the blue progress bar located in the address bar (later reinstated in Safari 5). Safari 4.0.1 was released for Mac on June 17, 2009, and fixed problems with Faces in iPhoto '09. Safari 4 in Mac OS X v10.6 ""Snow Leopard"" has 64-bit support, which can make JavaScript loading up to 50% faster. It also has built-in crash resistance unique to Snow Leopard; crash resistance will keep the browser intact if a plug-in like Flash player crashes, such that the other tabs or windows will be unaffected. Safari 4.0.4, released on November 11, 2009, for both OS X and Windows, further improves JavaScript performance. Safari was one of the twelve browsers offered to EU users of Microsoft Windows in 2010. It was one of the five browsers displayed on the first page of browser choices along with Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Opera. Beginning with Safari 4, the address bar has been completely revamped: Safari on Mac OS X and Windows was made to look more similar to Safari on iPhone than previous versions. Safari 4 also includes the following new features: Apple released Safari 5 on June 7, 2010, featuring the new Safari Reader for reading articles on the web without distraction (based on Arc90's Readability tool), and a 30 percent JavaScript performance increase over Safari 4. Safari 5 includes improved developer tools and supports more than a dozen new HTML5 technologies, focused on interoperability. Since Safari 5, developers can create secure Safari Extensions to customize and enhance the browsing experience. Apple also re-added the progress bar behind the address bar in this release. Safari 5.0.1 enabled the Extensions PrefPane by default; previously, users had to enable it via the Debug menu. Apple also released Safari 4.1 concurrently with Safari 5, exclusively for Mac OS X Tiger. The update included the majority of the features and security enhancements found in Safari 5. It did not, however, include Safari Reader or Safari Extensions. Together with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, Apple released Safari 5.1 for both Windows and Mac on July 20, 2011, with the new function 'Reading List' and a faster browsing experience. Apple simultaneously released Safari 5.0.6 for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, excluding Leopard users from the new functions in Safari 5.1. Safari 5.1.7 has become the last version of Safari developed for Windows. Safari 5 includes the following new features: Additionally, the blue inline progress bar has returned to the address bar, in addition to the spinning bezel and loading indicator introduced in Safari 4. Top Sites view now has a button to switch to Full History Search. Other features include Extension builder for developers of Safari Extensions, which are built using web standards such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Safari 6.0 was previously known as Safari 5.2 until Apple announced the change at WWDC 2012. The stable release of Safari 6 coincided with the release of OS X Mountain Lion on July 25, 2012, and is integrated into the OS. As Apple integrated it with Mountain Lion, it is no longer available for download from the Apple website or other sources. Apple released Safari 6 via Software Update for users of OS X Lion. It has not been released for OS X versions prior to Lion or for Windows. Regarding the unavailability of Safari 6 on Windows, Apple has stated ""Safari 6 is available for Mountain Lion and Lion. Safari 5 continues to be available for Windows."" Microsoft removed Safari from its BrowserChoice page. On June 11, 2012, Apple released a developer preview of Safari 6.0 with a feature called iCloud Tabs, which allows users to 'sync' their open tabs with any iOS or other OS X device running the latest software. Safari 6 also included new privacy features, including an ""Ask websites not to track me"" preference, and the ability for websites to send OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion users notifications, although it removed RSS support. Safari 6 has the Share Sheets capability in OS X Mountain Lion. The Share Sheet options are: Add to Reading List, Add Bookmark, Email this Page, Message, Twitter and Facebook. Tabs with full-page previews were added, too. Safari 6 introduced the following features, many of which are only available on OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: Additionally various features were removed, including, but not limited to, Activity Window, separate Download Window, direct support for RSS feeds in the URL field and bookmarks. The separate search field is also no longer available as a toolbar configuration option. Announced at Apple's Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) on June 10, 2013, the Safari 7/6.1 developer preview brought improvements in JavaScript performance and memory usage, as well as a new look for Top Sites and the Sidebar, and a new Shared Links feature. Additionally, a new Power Saver feature pauses Plugins which are not in use. Safari 7 for OS X Mavericks and Safari 6.1 (for Lion and Mountain Lion) were released along with OS X Mavericks in an Apple special event on October 22, 2013. Safari 8 was announced at WWDC 2014 and released with OS X Yosemite. It included WebGL support, stronger privacy features, increased speed and efficiency, enhanced iCloud integration, and updated design. Safari 8 introduced the following features, available on OS X Yosemite: Safari 9 was announced at WWDC 2015 and released with OS X El Capitan. It included muting tabs and pinned tabs. Safari 10 was released alongside macOS Sierra 10.12 for OS X Yosemite and OS X El Capitan. It does not include all of the new features available in macOS Sierra, like Apple Pay on the web and picture-in-picture support for videos, but the update includes the following new functions: Safari 10 also includes a number of security updates, including fixes for six WebKit vulnerabilities and issues related to Reader and Tabs. The first version of Safari 10 was released on September 20, 2016, and the last version (10.1.2) was released on July 19, 2017. Safari 11 was released as a part of macOS High Sierra but was also made available for OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra on September 19, 2017. Safari 11 included several new features such as Intelligent Tracking Prevention which aims to prevent cross-site tracking by placing limitations on cookies and other website data. Safari 12 was released in the lead up to macOS Mojave but was also made available for macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra on September 17, 2018. Safari 12 includes several new features such as Icons in tabs, Automatic Strong Passwords, and Intelligent Tracking Prevention 2.0. An updated Safari version 12.0.1 was released on October 30, 2018, as part of macOS Mojave 10.14.1 release, and Safari 12.0.2 was released on December 5, 2018, alongside macOS 10.14.2. Support for developer-signed classic Safari Extensions has been dropped. This version will also be the last one that supports the official Extensions Gallery, and Apple encourages extension authors to switch to Safari App Extensions. This move triggered negative feedback in the community. Safari 13 was announced alongside macOS Catalina at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019. Safari 13 includes several new features such as prompting users to change weak passwords, FIDO2 USB security key authentication support, Sign in with Apple support, Apple Pay on the Web support, and increased speed and security. Safari 13 was released on September 20, 2019, on macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra. In June 2020 it was announced that macOS Big Sur will include Safari 14. Safari 14 introduces new privacy features, including Privacy Report, which shows blocked content and privacy information on web pages. Users will also receive a monthly report on trackers that Safari has blocked. Extensions can also be enabled or disabled on a site-by-site basis. Safari 14 introduced support for the WebExtension API used in Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and Opera, making it easier for developers to port their extensions from those web browsers to Safari. Support for Adobe Flash Player will also be dropped from Safari, 3 months ahead of its end-of-life. A built-in translation service allows translating a page in another language. Safari 14 was released as a standalone update to macOS Catalina and Mojave users on September 16, 2020. Safari 14 adds Ecosia as a supported search engine. Safari Technology Preview was first released alongside OS X El Capitan 10.11.4. Safari Technology Preview releases include the latest version of WebKit, incorporating Web technologies to be incorporated in future stable releases of Safari, so that developers and users can install the Technology Preview release on a Mac, test those features, and provide feedback. On macOS, Safari is a Cocoa application. It uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (originally based on KDE's JavaScript engine, named KJS). Like KHTML and KJS, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. Until Safari 6.0, it included a built-in web feed aggregator that supported the RSS and Atom standards. Current features include Private Browsing (a mode in which no record of information about the user's web activity is retained by the browser), the ability to archive web content in WebArchive format, the ability to email complete web pages directly from a browser menu, the ability to search bookmarks, and the ability to share tabs between all Mac and iOS devices running appropriate versions of software via an iCloud account. iOS-specific features for Safari enable: WebKit2 has a multiprocess API for WebKit, where the web-content is handled by a separate process than the application using WebKit. Apple announced WebKit2 in April 2010. Safari for OS X switched to the new API with version 5.1. Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8. Apple maintains a plugin blacklist that it can remotely update to prevent potentially dangerous or vulnerable plug-ins from running on Safari. Initially, Apple had blocked versions of Flash and Java in earlier versions of Safari. Since Safari 12 support for NPAPI plugins (except for Flash) have been completely dropped. Starting with the release of Safari 14, support for Adobe Flash Player will be dropped altogether. The license has common terms against reverse engineering, copying and sub-licensing, except parts that are open source, and it disclaims warranties and liability. Apple tracks use of the browser. Windows users may not opt out of tracking since their license omits the opening If clause. Other users may opt out, and all users can opt out of location tracking by not using location services. ""If you choose to allow diagnostic and usage collection, you agree that Apple and its subsidiaries and agents may collect... usage and related information... to provide ... services to you (if any) related to the Apple Software... in a form that does not personally identify you... Apple may also provide any such partner or third party developer with a subset of diagnostic information that is relevant to that partner’s or developer’s software... Apple and its partners, licensees, third party developers and website may transmit, collect, maintain, process and use your location data... and location search queries... in a form that does not personally identify you ... You may withdraw this consent at any time..."" Apple thinks ""personal"" does not cover ""unique device identifiers"" such as serial number, cookie number, or IP address, so they use these where allowed by law. ""We may collect, use, transfer, and disclose non-personal information for any purpose. The following are some examples of non-personal information that we collect ... unique device identifier... We treat information collected by cookies and other technologies as non‑personal information. However, to the extent that Internet Protocol (IP) addresses or similar identifiers are considered personal information by local law, we also treat these identifiers as personal information."" In September 2017 Apple announced that it will use artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce the ability of advertisers to track Safari users as they browse the web. Cookies used for tracking will be allowed for 24 hours, then disabled, unless AI judges the user wants the cookie. Major advertising groups objected, saying it will reduce the free services supported by advertising, while other experts praised the change. An overview and detailed information about Safari exploits are listed by CVE Details. In the PWN2OWN contest at the 2008 CanSecWest security conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, an exploit of Safari caused Mac OS X to be the first OS to fall in a hacking competition. Participants competed to find a way to read the contents of a file located on the user's desktop in one of three operating systems: Mac OS X Leopard, Windows Vista SP1, and Ubuntu 7.10. On the second day of the contest, when users were allowed to physically interact with the computers (the prior day permitted only network attacks), Charlie Miller compromised Mac OS X through an unpatched vulnerability of the PCRE library used by Safari. Miller was aware of the flaw before the conference and worked to exploit it unannounced, as is the common approach in these contests. The exploited vulnerability and other flaws were patched in Safari 3.1.1. In the 2009 PWN2OWN contest, Charlie Miller performed another exploit of Safari to hack into a Mac. Miller again acknowledged that he knew about the security flaw before the competition and had done considerable research and preparation work on the exploit. Apple released a patch for this exploit and others on May 12, 2009 with Safari 3.2.3. Safari 6.0 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.7.4 or later. Safari 5.1.7 requires a Mac running Mac OS X v10.6.8 or any PC running Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later, Windows Vista, or Windows 7. Safari 5.0.6 requires a Mac running on Mac OS X 10.5.8. The version of Safari included in Mac OS X v10.6 (and later versions) is compiled for 64-bit architecture. Apple claims that running Safari in 64-bit mode will increase rendering speeds by up to 50%. On 64-bit devices, iOS and its stock apps are 64-bit builds including Safari. An earlier version of Apple Software Update (bundled with Safari, QuickTime, and iTunes for Microsoft Windows) selected Safari for installation from a list of Apple programs to download by default, even when an existing installation of Safari was not detected on a user's machine. John Lilly, former CEO of Mozilla, stated that Apple's use of its updating software to promote its other products was ""a bad practice and should stop."" He argued that the practice ""borders on malware distribution practices"" and ""undermines the trust that we're all trying to build with users."" Apple spokesman Bill Evans sidestepped Lilly's statement, saying that Apple was only ""using Software Update to make it easy and convenient for both Mac and Windows users to get the latest Safari update from Apple."" Apple also released a new version of Apple Software Update that puts new software in its own section, though still selected for installation by default. By late 2008, Apple Software Update no longer selected new installation items in the new software section by default. Software security firm Sophos detailed how Snow Leopard and Windows users were not supported by the Safari 6 release at the time, while there were over 121 vulnerabilities left unpatched on those platforms. Since then, Snow Leopard has had only three minor version releases (the most recent in September 2013), and Windows has had none. While no official word has been released by Apple, the indication is that these are the final versions available for these operating systems, and both retain significant security issues. While Safari pioneered several now standard HTML5 features (such as the Canvas API) in its early years, it has come under attack for failing to keep pace with some modern web technologies. Since 2015, iOS has allowed third party web browsers to be installed, including Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Edge; however, they are all forced to use the underlying WebKit browser engine, and inherit its limitations. Beginning in 2018, Apple made technical changes to Safari's content blocking functionality which prompted backlash from users and developers of ad blocking extensions, who said the changes made it impossible to offer a similar level of user protection found in other browsers. Internally, the update limited the number of blocking rules which could be applied by third-party extensions, preventing the full implementation of community-developed blocklists. In response, several developers of popular ad and tracking blockers announced their products were being discontinued, as they were now incompatible with Safari's newly limited content blocking features. As a matter of policy, Apple requires the use of WebKit, Safari's underlying rendering engine, in all browsers developed for its iOS platform, preventing users from installing any competing product which offers full ad blocking functionality. Beginning with Safari 13, popular extensions such as uBlock Origin will no longer work. The Safari Developer Program was a free program for writers of extensions and HTML5 websites. It allowed members to develop extensions for Apple's Safari web browser. Since WWDC 2015 it is part of the unified Apple Developer Program, which costs $99 a year.",1
Caio Canedo,"Caio Canedo  2019-01-01T21:27:55Z  Caio Canedo Correa, or simply known as Caio, is a Brazilian-born East Timorese footballer. He currently plays for Al Wasl in the UAE as an attacker. In 2001, Caio was living with parents in the city of Nantucket, an island off Cape Cod in Massachusetts, and gained prominence playing on the soccer team at his high school. But five years and some months later, when preparing for a promising future in the sport in the United States, he decided to return to Brazil to realize the dream of being a professional. Caio Canedo started a youth in the junior category, the basic divisions of Volta Redonda. With a good performances on the youth team, he was promoted to direct professional, with the opportunity to train with São Paulo. After four months training with the team, the managers of the two clubs failed to reach an agreement to join São Paulo. He tested with the club Udinese in Italy, but did not join the team because of the limitation on foreigners. Caio decided to return to Volta Redonda and joined the team's professional club. In 2009, Caio moved to Botafogo on loan. Alvinegro by the attacker ran the Tournament Otávio Pinto Guimarães and Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20, having been on the bench for the first time in the last game of the 2009 Brazilian Championship against Palmeiras. With his good performance in the juniors, the club signed him in the end, throwing him to the team working alvinegro for the 2010 season 2010. In 2010, Caio became a kind of talisman of coach Joel Santana, getting into three games of the Taça Guanabara and making three goals, including the guarantee that the job club at the end of Guanabara Cup in play against the favorite Flamengo. On January 2013, Caio joined to Internacional and must be a substitute for Taison, because Colorado needs a speed forward since that the current player of FC Shakhtar Donetsk left the club, in 2010. An inquiry held by the Prime Minister of East Timor in 2016 heard that Caio was one of seven Brazilian footballers to receive falsified baptism documents from Timor's Catholic Church, in order to make it appear he was eligible for Timorese nationality. All seven players are based in Asia, but only one, Juninho, has played for Timor's controversial national side. Caio received his Timorese passport in 2015, despite having no known means of eligibility, such as a family connection, or residency. His Dubai-based club, Al Wasl, delayed playing him until his new passport arrived, therefore meaning he could be used as an Asian player, rather than an international player. ,  Caio Canedo  2020-11-17T10:35:35Z  Caio Canedo Correa is an association footballer who plays for Al Ain. Born in Brazil, he represents the United Arab Emirates team. In 2001, Caio was living with parents in the city of Nantucket, an island off Cape Cod in Massachusetts, and gained prominence playing on the soccer team at his high school. But five years and some months later, when preparing for a promising future in the sport in the United States, he decided to return to Brazil to realize the dream of being a professional. Caio Canedo started a youth in the junior category, the basic divisions of Volta Redonda. With a good performances on the youth team, he was promoted to direct professional, with the opportunity to train with São Paulo. After four months training with the team, the managers of the two clubs failed to reach an agreement to join São Paulo. He tested with the club Udinese in Italy, but did not join the team because of the limitation on foreigners. Caio decided to return to Volta Redonda and joined the team's professional club. In 2009, Caio moved to Botafogo on loan. Alvinegro by the attacker ran the Tournament Otávio Pinto Guimarães and Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20, having been on the bench for the first time in the last game of the 2009 Brazilian Championship against Palmeiras. With his good performance in the juniors, the club signed him in the end, throwing him to the team working alvinegro for the 2010 season 2010. In 2010, Caio became a kind of talisman of coach Joel Santana, getting into three games of the Taça Guanabara and making three goals, including the guarantee that the job club at the end of Guanabara Cup in play against the favorite Flamengo. In January 2013, Caio joined to Internacional and must be a substitute for Taison, because Colorado needs a speed forward since that the current player of FC Shakhtar Donetsk left the club, in 2010. In January 2020, Caio, who is Brazilian-born, acquired Emirati citizenship which qualified him to play for United Arab Emirates national football team to compete at the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC). Together with Sebastián Tagliabué, they would be the first Latin Americans to represent the United Arab Emirates in football, in a rare move by the country to change the country's football fortune in the qualification. Caio debuted with the United Arab Emirates in a friendly 3-2 win over Tajikistan on 12 November 2020. An inquiry held by the Prime Minister of East Timor in 2016 heard that Caio was one of seven Brazilian footballers to receive falsified baptism documents from Timor's Catholic Church, in order to make it appear he was eligible for Timorese nationality. All seven players are based in Asia, but only one, Juninho, has played for Timor's controversial national side. Caio received his Timorese passport in 2015, despite having no known means of eligibility, such as a family connection, or residency. His Dubai-based club, Al Wasl, delayed playing him until his new passport arrived, therefore meaning he could be used as an Asian player, rather than an international player.",1
"Kamienica,_Kłodzko_County","Kamienica,_Kłodzko_County  2009-04-22T13:40:07Z   Kamienica (German: Kamnitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stronie Śląskie, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. The village has a population of 56. 50°14′41″N 16°53′04″E / 50. 24472°N 16. 88444°E / 50. 24472; 16. 88444,  Kamienica,_Kłodzko_County  2023-01-28T10:11:32Z   Kamienica (German: Kamnitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stronie Śląskie, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The village has a population of 56. 50°14′41″N 16°53′04″E / 50. 24472°N 16. 88444°E / 50. 24472; 16. 88444",0
Mark Winterbottom,"Mark Winterbottom  2006-03-26T20:44:06Z  Mark ""Frosty"" Winterbottom was born on May 20, 1981 in Sydney, Australia. He started his motor racing career in 1989 at the age of 8, racing 50cc and 80cc motorbikes, and then moved on to go-karts at the age of 10. He would remain in karts until his early twenties, winning an astonishing 10 Australian Kart Championships and 25 State Karts Championships. He moved up to the Australian Formula Ford Championship, for the 2002 season, and finished as the runner-up to fellow V8 Supercar racer Jamie Whincup, with 5 wins and 2 poles. He was given the Rookie of the Year title. In 2003, Winterbottom moved up to the Konica V8 Supercar series and made an amazing impression with the Stone Brothers Racing team by winning the championship with 5 round victories and 6 pole positions. He also made hsi debut in the V8 Supercars series in the two endurance races at the Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000 sharing on both occasions with Mark Noske. He impressed at Bathurst, running third until he retired at around three-quarter distance. 2004 saw him move full-time into the V8 Supercars series with Larkham Motorsport but didn't do him good, with only one top-5 in two seasons. That again came at the Bathurst 1000 in 2004. For 2006, Mark moved to Ford Performance Racing as the driver of car #5 replacing Glenn Seton. Winterbottom satred the season pretty badly with a 22nd and a 19th at the Clipsal 500 in Adelaide. He lives with partner Renee, in Melbourne, Australia. ,  Mark Winterbottom  2007-12-02T07:54:40Z  Mark ""Frosty"" Winterbottom, born on May 20, 1981 in Sydney, Australia, is a racing driver in the V8 Supercar series. He started his motor racing career in 1989 at the age of 8, racing 50cc and 80cc motorbikes, and then moved on to go-karts at the age of 10. He would remain in karts until his early twenties, winning an astonishing 10 Australian Kart Championships and 25 State Karts Championships. He moved up to the Australian Formula Ford Championship, for the 2002 season, and finished as the runner-up to fellow V8 Supercar racer Jamie Whincup, with 5 wins and 2 poles. He was given the Rookie of the Year title. In 2003, Winterbottom moved up to the Konica V8 Supercar series and made an amazing impression with the Stone Brothers Racing team by winning the championship with 5 round victories and 6 pole positions. He also made his debut in the V8 Supercar series in the two endurance races at the Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000 sharing on both occasions with Mark Noske. He impressed at Bathurst, running third until he retired at around three-quarter distance. 2004 saw him move full-time into the V8 Supercar series with Larkham Motorsport but didn't do him good, with only one top-5 in two seasons. That again came at the Bathurst 1000 in 2004. For 2006, Winterbottom moved to Ford Performance Racing as the driver of car #5 replacing Greg Ritter. Winterbottom started the season pretty badly with a 22nd and a 19th at the Clipsal 500 in Adelaide. But has improved with his first podium at the New Zealand round at Pukekohe and his first round win with team - mate Jason Bright at the Sandown 500 in Bright's usual car. He finished the 2006 season with a win and 2nd on the podium in the final round at Phillip Island. He finished 3rd in points. In 2007 he remained with Ford Performance Racing. At the third round of the year at Pukekohe Raceway in New Zealand, he achieved his career first pole by edging out Holden's Garth Tander. He finished the first of 3 races for that round in 2nd place but an involvement in a 2nd race accident ruined his weekend. He currently sits in equal 7th place in the standigs after 3 rounds He lives with his wife Renee, in Melbourne, Australia. TBA 9 Jack Le Brocq 2 Ryan Wood 25 Chaz Mostert 3 Aaron Love 7 James Courtney 4 Cameron Hill 10 Nick Percat 6 Cam Waters 55 Thomas Randle 8 Andre Heimgartner 14 Bryce Fullwood 12 Jaxon Evans 96 Macauley Jones 11 Anton de Pasquale 17 Will Davison 18 Mark Winterbottom 20 David Reynolds 19 Matthew Payne 26 Richie Stanaway 23 Tim Slade 31 James Golding 87 Will Brown 88 Broc Feeney",1
Play_the_Game_(1946_TV_series),"Play_the_Game_(1946_TV_series)  2009-12-06T02:02:07Z   Play the Game, also known as Let's Play the Game, was the first game show to be broadcast over an American television network. Play the Game was essentially a televised version of the parlor game charades. It was hosted by Dr. Harvey Zorbaugh, professor of educational sociology at New York University, over the DuMont Television Network from September 24 – December 17, 1946, weekly from 8 to 8:30 p. m. EST. A previous version of the program had been broadcast locally in New York City on WNBT Channel 1 (the predecessor to WNBC-TV) in 1941. Although broadcast on DuMont, the program was actually produced by ABC in order for that network to develop experienced crews in anticipation of its own entry into television broadcasting; in this sense, it was the first ABC television series. WABC-TV Channel 7 subsequently broadcast later episodes of the program to the New York City market during 1948. Celebrity panelists during the DuMont Network run included Ireene Wicker, Ray Knight, and Will Mullin. There were also audience participation segments during which viewers were invited to call in their guesses to the charades being presented. The program was also known during its run by the title Let's Play the Game. This article about television in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Play_the_Game_(1946_TV_series)  2011-02-25T03:11:18Z   Play the Game, also known as Let's Play the Game, was the first game show to be broadcast over an American television network. Play the Game was essentially a televised version of the parlor game charades. It was hosted by Dr. Harvey Zorbaugh, professor of educational sociology at New York University. The show aired over the DuMont Television Network from September 24 to December 17, 1946, weekly from 8 to 8:30 p. m. EST. A previous version of the program had been broadcast locally in New York City on WNBT Channel 1 (the predecessor to WNBC-TV) in 1941. Although broadcast on DuMont, the program was actually produced by ABC in order for that network to develop experienced crews in anticipation of its own entry into television broadcasting; in this sense, it was the first ABC television series. WABC-TV Channel 7 subsequently broadcast later episodes of the program to the New York City market during 1948. Celebrity panelists during the DuMont Network run included Ireene Wicker, Ray Knight, and Will Mullin. There were also audience participation segments during which viewers were invited to call in their guesses to the charades being presented. As with most DuMont programs, no episodes of this show are known to exist in the UCLA Film and Television Archive or other collections. This article about a television game show is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a television show originating in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Stephanie Sheh,"Stephanie Sheh  2013-01-03T05:43:13Z  Stephanie Ru-Phan Sheh (born April 10, 1977 in Los Angeles, California) is a Chinese-American actress, voice actress, director, script writer, and producer who has works for Attack of the Show! , Bang Zoom! Entertainment, Bandai Entertainment, Geneon Entertainment, Media Blasters, NYAV Post, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Pictures Classics, FUNimation Entertainment, Urban Vision, and Viz Media. She is also credited as Jennifer Sekiguchi, Stephanie Shane, Stephanie Shea, Tiffany Hsieh, Lulu Chiang, Laura Chyu, and Becky Chiang. As ""Jennifer Sekiguchi"", she has been honored with a nomination for ""Best Voice Actress in an Anime Comedy"" by the American Anime Awards for her voice-over work as Kirie Kojima in Girls Bravo, and Guu in Haré+Guu. She is often involved with doing voice over work in anime, original animation, videogames, dubbing, commercials, and TV shows. Her most notable roles in her work in anime are Orihime Inoue in Bleach, Eureka in Eureka Seven, Kirie Kojima in Girls Bravo, Mamimi Samejima in FLCL, Hisako Ichiki/Armor in Marvel Anime: X-Men, Mikuru Asahina in The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, Wendy Garret in Gun X Sword, Guu in Haré+Guu, Hazumu Osaragi in Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl, Akira Kogami from Lucky ☆ Star, Hinata Hyuga in Naruto and Naruto: Shippūden, Audrey Burne in Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn, and Yui Hirasawa from K-On! . When it comes to asking Stephanie in conventions of who is her favorite character she voiced, she always states, ""Your roles are like your children. You have your favorites, but you don't tell anybody who they are."" But she has stated that she was more related to Mamimi Samejima in FLCL and Hinata Hyuga in Naruto and Naruto: Shippūden when she was growing up as a kid. She even has similarities with Orihime Inoue in Bleach when it comes to her weird cooking. Aside from this, she also mentioned that she prefers watching anime in japanese dub with subtitles in english rather than watching them in english dub. Her most notable roles in her work in videogames are Finnel in Ar tonelico Qoga: Knell of Ar Ciel, Cereza in Bayonetta, Mlle Blanche de Grace in Bioshock 2, Orihime Inoue in the Bleach (series), Eric Lecarde in Castlevania Judgment, Eureka in Eureka Seven vol. 1: New Wave, Hinata Hyuga in the Naruto (series), Canna in Ninja Gaiden 3, Rebecca Chambers in Resident Evil 5, Natalia Luzu Kimlasca Lanvaldear in Tales of the Abyss, and Silmeria in Valkyrie Profile: Silmeria. She is currently voicing one of the supporting fighting characters in the most best-selling fighting game franchise of all time in the Tekken series, Julia Chang in Tekken 6, Tekken 6: Bloodline Rebellion, Tekken Tag Tournament 2, Tekken Tag Tournament 2 Unlimited and the Tekken Tag Tournament 2: Wii U Edition. Aside from voice acting, she has also adapted and written scripts for projects like FLCL, Ikki Tousen, Ah! My Goddess, Hell Girl, Romeo X Juliet and various others. Also aside for acting and writing scripts, she even co-directed for videogames like Resident Evil 5, Resident Evil 5: Gold Edition, Resident Evil 6, and Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles alongside fellow voice actor Liam O'Brien. As a producer, she has also done many projects like Angel Tales, FLCL, Hi no Tori, I'm Gonna Be An Angel! , Jungle Emperor Leo, Kurokami The Animation, Mia and the Migoo, Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn, and Robotomy that she has done alongside with co-producers for some of the projects with Carrie Keranen. Dan Green, Marc Diraison, and Mike Sinterniklaas. She is fluent in English and Mandarin Chinese, and also can get by Taiwanese. She has also studied Japanese and Spanish. Her last name Sheh is pronounced ""Shay"". Also, her last name stands for ""stone"" in Chinese. Also as Jennifer Sekiguchi, ""Seki"" also stands for ""stone"" in Chinese. After graduating from UCLA, she took a job as a producer to pay the bills while she pursued her acting career. She learned everything from creating licensing agreements and budgets to write ADR and subtitled scripts. When the opportunity arose to change her focus on acting, she jumped at it. As she rose, she always considered herself as an actor rather than an actress. Only to find it neutral to all genders to consider themselves as actors in her opinion. Stephanie has recorded radio spots for US Cellular and was thrilled to record an episode of Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated, which she voiced Mai Le. Even though she got her star in doing voice-over for anime, she can still be heard in many video games like Bioshock 2, Aion: The Tower of Eternity, True Crime: New York City, Devil May Cry 4, and Resident Evil 5 as the current voice of Rebecca Chambers on the Resident Evil franchise. Beyond using her voice, Stephanie was flown by plane to Japan to voice and motion capture the role of Cereza in Sega's video game Bayonetta. Not only that, she also voice and motion captured the role of Canna in Ninja Gaiden 3. She has also worked as a voice-over director for video games such as Resident Evil 5, Resident Evil 6, Resident Evil: Darkside Chronicles, Resident Evil: Revelations, and Castlevania Judgement. In addition to voiceover, producing, and directing, Stephanie has begun pursuing an on-camera acting career. She has appeared several times on G4's Attack of the Show! as Tiny Olivia. Another on-camera film that she's done was a role as a Dancer at one of the episodes of Modern Family. She even got a role to shoot an ABC pilot as a AA Group Member #3 alongside Damon Wayans and Jane Lynch at the 2008 film Never Better. Sheh also has quite a few skills behind the scenes. She has also worked as a recording engineer and voice director. Her first passion however, remains acting. In college, she was the Film&TV editor for the Daily Bruin, where she reviewed movies and interviewed celebrities. She dabbled as a freelance entertainment journalist before transitioning to producing. She kept up with her writing chops by adapting graphic novels and ADR scripts, such as Transformers: Cybertron, Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn, Mia and the Migoo, Paradise Kiss and various others. As Jennifer Sekiguchi,  Stephanie Sheh  2014-12-28T14:24:05Z  Stephanie Ru-Phan Sheh (born April 10, 1977), who also goes by the alias Jennifer Sekiguchi, is an American voice actress, ADR writer, director and producer. She has worked for several major companies, including Cartoon Network and Sony. She is often involved with doing voice over work in anime, original animation, video games, dubbing, commercials, and TV shows. Her notable voice roles include Orihime Inoue in Bleach, Hinata Hyuga in Naruto, Eureka in Eureka Seven and Mikuru Asahina in The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. In 2014, she became the voice of Usagi Tsukino, the title character in the Viz Media dub of Sailor Moon. Sheh was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan and was raised in Northern California. She became interested in being an actor when she was in her early years in Monta Vista High School in Cupertino, California. While at UCLA she was involved in anime clubs. After graduating from UCLA, she took a job as a producer to pay the bills while she pursued her acting career. She got her training and studying on acting, voice acting, and improvisation in Second City Training Center, East West Players, Susan Blu Voiceover Workshop and UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. Stephanie has also recorded radio spots for United States Cellular Corporation. Under the moniker of Jennifer Sekiguchi, she made her voice acting debut as Silky in I'm Gonna Be An Angel! and then had a major role as Mamimi in FLCL. She would later land starring voice roles as Orihime Inoue in Bleach and Eureka in Eureka Seven. She also voiced supporting character Hinata Hyuga in the hit series Naruto in which her character had a major role in the storyline. The three shows have aired on Cartoon Network with varied success. She describes Hyuga's issues with self-esteem as very relatable. In 2007, she received a nomination from the American Anime Awards for ""Best Actress in a Comedy"" for her work as Kirie Kojima in Girls Bravo and as Guu in Haré+Guu. Sheh has been involved in voicing characters in video games such as Bioshock 2, Aion: The Tower of Eternity, True Crime: New York City, Devil May Cry 4, and Resident Evil 5 as the current voice of Rebecca Chambers on the Resident Evil franchise. Beyond using her voice, Stephanie was flown by plane to Japan to provide the motion capture for the character Cereza in Sega's video game Bayonetta. She also voiced Finnel in Ar tonelico Qoga: Knell of Ar Ciel, Mlle Blanche de Grace in Bioshock 2 and Orihime Inoue in the Bleach (series) She's the voice of Jinafire Long in Monster High and Duchess Swan in Ever After High. Sheh has appeared several times on G4's Attack of the Show! as ""Tiny Olivia Munn"". In 2012, she was a host in the 2011 Talk-Show TV series BPM: Beats Per Mnet. In 2013 she reprised the role of Eureka in Eureka Seven: Astral Ocean. In July 2014, Viz Media revealed details behind its upcoming Sailor Moon Blu-ray release and the series' new dub cast at its panel at the 2014 Anime Expo in Los Angeles. Stephanie has been cast to voice Usagi Tsukino/Sailor Moon in Viz's redub of the first anime series. Sheh worked at Synch-Point, which produced English dubs for anime. One of her early major projects was producing for I'm Gonna Be An Angel! and she was working with Studio Pierrot when she brought in Marc Handler to ADR direct and write for FLCL.",1
2004_Copa_América_squads,"2004_Copa_América_squads  2008-06-22T16:12:29Z   Below are the rosters of the teams that participated in the Copa América 2004. Head coach: Ramiro Blacut Head coach: Reinaldo Rueda Head coach: Paulo Autuori Head coach: Richard Páez Head coach: Marcelo Bielsa Head coach: Hernán Darío Gómez |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Ricardo Lavolpe |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Jorge Fossati |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Carlos Alberto Parreira Head coach: Juvenal Olmos |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Jorge Luis Pinto |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Carlos Jara Saguier |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Template:Fb start Template:Fb end,  2004_Copa_América_squads  2010-01-17T01:51:43Z   Below are the rosters of the teams that participated in the Copa América 2004. Head coach: Ramiro Blacutt Head coach: Reinaldo Rueda Head coach: Paulo Autuori Head coach: Richard Páez Head coach: Marcelo Bielsa Head coach: Hernán Darío Gómez |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Ricardo Lavolpe |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Jorge Fossati |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Carlos Alberto Parreira Head coach: Juvenal Olmos |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Jorge Luis Pinto |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Head coach: Carlos Jara Saguier |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" |- class=""nat-fs-player"" Template:Fb start Template:Fb end",0
Galbraith_Lowry_Egerton_Cole,"Galbraith_Lowry_Egerton_Cole  2010-04-08T14:34:06Z   The Honourable Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole (1881-1929) was a pioneer settler and farmer (1905) of the East Africa Protectorate. Part of his Kekopey Ranch on Lake Elementaita, Kenya, where he is buried, is preserved today as the Lake Elementaita Lodge. Cole was the third son of Lowry Cole, 4th Earl of Enniskillen (1845-1924) and his wife Charlotte Marion Baird. He entered the 10th Royal Hussars as a lieutenant in 1900, at age 19, and went to South Africa for the Second Boer War. After being injured in the war, he made his way to Kenya where his sister Florence had married the prominent settler Lord Delamere. Cole first tried farming in the area beyond Thomson's Falls in 1905, but he eventually moved to the Lake Elementaita area where his wealthy brother-in-law gifted him 30,000 acres (120 km2). This parcel adjoined Delamere's own 100,000-acre (400 km2) farm, Soysambu, on the western side of the lake, between Lakes Naivasha and Nakuru. Cole named his farm ""Kekopey Ranch""; the name is supposed to be from a Masaai word meaning ""place where green turns white"" (a reference to the soda and diatomite around the hot springs near the lake). In 1917, he married Lady Eleanor Balfour, niece of former British Prime Minister Lord Balfour. Cole was deported to the German East African Protectorate after he shot a farm laborer for stealing one of his favorite Marino rams, imported from New Zealand. He returned secretly to Kekopey dressed as a Somali and his mother pleaded his case with the British government. Cole's last days were spent in wretched misery. Blind in one eye and confined to a wheelchair in constant pain owing to his rheumatoid arthritis, he shot himself in 1929 at age 48, at his favourite spot, the viewpoint where his memorial now stands. ,  Galbraith_Lowry_Egerton_Cole  2011-02-23T04:17:24Z   The Honourable Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole (1881-1929) was a pioneer settler and farmer (1905) of the East Africa Protectorate. Part of his Kekopey Ranch on Lake Elementaita, Kenya, where he is buried, is preserved today as the Lake Elementaita Lodge. Cole was the third son of Lowry Cole, 4th Earl of Enniskillen (1845-1924) and his wife Charlotte Marion Baird. He entered the 10th Royal Hussars as a lieutenant in 1900, at age 19, and went to South Africa for the Second Boer War. After being injured in the war, he made his way to Kenya where his sister Florence had married the prominent settler Lord Delamere. Cole first tried farming in the area beyond Thomson's Falls in 1905, but he eventually moved to the Lake Elementaita area where his wealthy brother-in-law gifted him 30,000 acres (120 km2). This parcel adjoined Delamere's own 100,000-acre (400 km2) farm, Soysambu, on the western side of the lake, between Lakes Naivasha and Nakuru. Cole named his farm ""Kekopey Ranch""; the name is supposed to be from a Masaai word meaning ""place where green turns white"" (a reference to the soda and diatomite around the hot springs near the lake). In 1917, he married Lady Eleanor Balfour, niece of former British Prime Minister Lord Balfour. Cole was deported to the German East African Protectorate after he shot dead a farm laborer for stealing one of his favorite Marino rams, imported from New Zealand. He returned secretly to Kekopey dressed as a Somali and his mother pleaded his case with the British government. Cole's last days were spent in wretched misery. Blind in one eye, using a wheelchair, and in constant pain owing to his rheumatoid arthritis, he shot himself in 1929 at age 48, at his favourite spot, the viewpoint where his memorial now stands. Template:Persondata",0
Ald_(unit),"Ald_(unit)  2010-11-10T08:51:33Z   Ald is an old Mongolian measure equal to the length between a man's outstretched arms. An ald is therefore approximately equal to 160 cm. In 1818, G. I. Spassky, a Russian scientist specialising in Siberian studies, published in the newspaper ""Sibirskii Vestnik"", the first report about a stone with oriental inscriptions on it dating back to the early 13th Century. Spassky had found the stone in a factory of Nerchinsk (Eastern Siberia), but the stone was originally discovered in the Kharkhiraa River. This stone stele is the most ancient monument known with the traditional Mongolian script. The stone is now known as Ghengis stone or the Yesüngge Inscription. The inscription is dedicated to Yesüngge, the son of Genghis Khan's brother Jöchi Khasar. In 1225, Yesüngge took part in a warriors' competition, hitting the target from a distance of 335 ald (a shooting range in excess of half a kilometre (536 m)). ,  Ald_(unit)  2012-12-19T08:28:36Z   Ald is an old Mongolian measure equal to the length between a man's outstretched arms. An ald is therefore approximately equal to 160 cm. In 1818, G. I. Spassky, a Russian scientist specialising in Siberian studies, published in the newspaper ""Sibirskii Vestnik"", the first report about a stone with oriental inscriptions on it dating back to the early 13th Century. Spassky had found the stone in a factory of Nerchinsk (Eastern Siberia), but the stone was originally discovered in the Kharkhiraa River. This stone stele is the most ancient monument known with the traditional Mongolian script. The stone is now known as Ghengis stone or the Yesüngge Inscription. The inscription is dedicated to Yesüngge, the son of Genghis Khan's brother Hasar. In 1225, Yesüngge took part in a warriors' competition, hitting the target from a distance of 335 ald (a shooting range in excess of half a kilometre (536 m)).",0
"St._Laurentius_Parish,_Philadelphia","St._Laurentius_Parish,_Philadelphia  2008-04-12T02:36:51Z   Saint Laurentius Parish (Parafia Swietego Wawrzynca is the oldest Polish Roman Catholic Church within both the City and Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Established in 1882, it served as the only Polish parish in the area until the establishment of Saint Stanislaus Church, in South Philly. In 2007, Saint Laurentius Parish celebrated its 125th Anniversary Jubillee as the Oldest Polish Parish in Philadelphia. The parish, still with a significant Polish and Polish American population and continues to live with a Parish school, the only parochial school in Fishtown. 8th grade the worst class in st. larentius school. I hate dis school penn treaty 1  8th grade is the worst ever I hear a bunch of stuff about them. I heard that they throw erasers at fans beat up kids at lunch time and that is just disrespectful. ,  St._Laurentius_Parish,_Philadelphia  2009-12-30T17:42:28Z   Saint Laurentius Parish (Polish: Parafia Świętego Wawrzyńca) is the oldest Polish Roman Catholic Churchwithin both the City and Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Established in 1882, it served as the only Polish parish in the area until the establishment of Saint Stanislaus Church, in South Philly. With Gothic spires reaching up to heaven and stained glass windows that catch the sun like a beacon of light, the magnificent edifice of St. Laurentius Church evokes reverence in all who look upon it. But the oldest Polish Roman Catholic Church in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia was not always such as powerful symbol of Christ. Its origins herald back to a time when immigrants—with little money, and nothing more than a strong belief in God—sought a humble house of worship. In the late 19th century, Polish people in the area desired a parish to educate their children according to the traditions of their homeland and the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Early religious services were held in the basement of St. Boniface Church on Diamond and Hancock Streets, and later, at Norris and Sepviva Streets. Neighborhood children received catechism lessons at a nearby blacksmith shop. With fewer than fifty devoted family followers and only $31. 50 in the treasury, the Polish people petitioned the Most Reverend James F. Wood,the Archbishop of Philadelphia, asking for a church. Their prayers were answered in 1882, when a house of worship was established. St. Laurentius Church was named (in Latin) after St. Lawrence, a deacon who was martyred under the reign of Roman Emperor Valerian. Church services began in a modest basement facility, purchased for $14,000, at Berks and Memphis Streets. Children began attending school there in 1890, under the instruction of the Felician Sisters, a Polish order of nuns. The first Polish-speaking priest at St. Laurentius Church, Father Adalbert Malusecki, led efforts to build the church’s upper chapel. The architect Edwin Forrest Durang constructed a Gothic-style décor for the sanctuary, which is 114 feet long, 60 feet wide, with three naves. Master craftsmen from Mannheim, Germany were called upon to build an ornate wooden altar, pulpit, statues and elaborate cut-glass windows. Later, in 1912, under the stewardship of Father Gabriel Kraus, the sanctuary was embellished with oil paintings portraying the life of Christ and his Saints—one of which was painted by a Polish artist in the 13th century, depicting Saint Mary blessing King Henry the Pious. After the upper church was built, two small homes adjoining the church were purchased for $8,100; they were demolished and a rectory was built. Later, in 1897, under Father Gabriel Kraus, two more properties were purchased for extra classroom space and the construction of a Sisters’ Convent. Through the years, St. Laurentius School blossomed into a bustling academic institution. In 1899, the school was officially dedicated in a celebration attended by members of Polish lodges from around the Delaware Valley, Bishop Edmond. F Prendergast blessed the building, which was adorned with American and Polish flags. During Father Karus's 25 years of service, many more improvements were made to the church. In 1919, an elaborate pipe organ was installed at a cost of $20,000. Later, in 1923, when school attendance was steadily increasing, a new school building was erected for $150,000. The three-story schoolhouse has enough space for 14 classrooms, and more than 350 students. During this time, the school was officially listed on the register of Philadelphia parochial schools. During the dedication ceremony for the new school building, Archbishop Dennis Cardinal Dougherty blessed the building and Reverend Joseph M. O’Hara, superintendent of parish schools, delivered an address. As St. Laurentius School’s attendance increased in the mid-1920’s, Father Julian G. Zagorski, then assistant at the church, founded the Catholic Young Men’s Club. With a focus on athletics the club promoted good sportsmanship and fostered Catholic fellowship among neighborhood boys. May 30, 1932 marked the 50th anniversary of St. Laurentius Church. A Golden Jubilee celebration was held to commemorate the event. An early morning paraded kicked off the event, with a march through Fishtown. Parishioners, students and musicians traveled down Cedar and Cumberland Streets, then over to Aramingo and Girard Avenues. At Berks Street, marchers stopped to greet Cardinal Dougherty. They escorted him to church, where Bishop Gerald P. O’Hara, Auxiliary Bishop of Philadelphia, presided over the Solemn Pontifical Mass of Thanksgiving. Scores of devoted parishioners attended. The years that followed the Golden Jubilee were trying times for the church and the country. The Great Depression brought on financial woes that touched the lives of many. After Father Kraus’ lengthy stewardship ended in November 1932, Father Michael Wyborski came on board to lead a valiant fund-raising effort. The church’s financial debt was alleviated, in part, through the charity efforts of the Holy Name Society, which was founded in 1934. The Society was established to foster spirituality, prayer and frequent reception of Communion among parishioners who ached for a light of hope during the troubled times. Nevertheless, as years progressed, enrollment at St. Laurentius School continued to flourish. By 1938, during the 50th anniversary of the school, nearly 800 children were enrolled. A Golden Jubilee celebration was held on October 23, 1938. Generations of alumni gathered to honor the Felician Sisters and other faculty members for their service. The stewardship of Father Stanislaus J. Garstka in the 1950’s and 1960’s marked a new era of change. Improvements were made to the church that included new heating in the school and rectory. A new convent was erected for the Felician Sisters at 1648 Berks Street—the structure that was the crowning achievement of the 75th anniversary celebration of the church in 1957. During the Diamond Jubilee celebration, parishioners gave thanks to the Holy Father for the many blessing bestowed upon the parish. A Solemn Pontifical Mass of Thanksgiving was led by Bishop Carroll McCormick, DD, Auxiliary Bishop of Philadelphia. Under Father Garstka’s leadership, parish activities flourished. A Boy Scouts of America troop was founded in 1956. Later, the Catholic Ladies Guild was formed to help raise funds through events, like the celebrated annual Christmas Bazaar. To keep the community informed of all the goings-on at St. Laurentius Church, a newspapers called The Parish Calendar hit the presses in 1957. In 1964, Father Stanislaus A. Polityka made more improvements to the church. As a new pastor, he quickly focused on renovating the rectory, refurbishing the church altar and filling the sanctuary with beautiful oil paintings by a well-known local artist. After Father Polityka’s retirement in 1974, Father Anthony F. Ziemba—or “Father Tony”, as he was lovingly called—became the new parish priest. Father Tony drew many parishioners to the church with his gentle, cheerful nature. He was young and energetic. Through his counsel, families were brought together; marriages made stronger. The late 1970’s were a time of celebration for parishioners, Polish people and Catholics were everywhere due to the election of a new Pope—Karol Cardinal Wojtyla, Archbishop of Krakow, Poland, who succeeded Pope John Paul I. Cardinal Wojtyla became Pope John Paul II in 1978. Many parishioners of the church had the opportunity to meet His Holiness in Philadelphia on October 4, 1979. A mass was celebrated in Logan Circle, with almost a million people present. The next landmark event celebrated by parishioners at St. Laurentius Church was the 100th year Jubilee in 1982. To mark the occasion, Father Ziemba invited John Cardinal Krol to preside as celebrant during the Centennial Mass. Cardinal Krol, an archbishop of Polish origin, honored the congregation by attending. Renovations were made to the church, school and surrounding areas so that the anniversary would be memorable. Over the next decade, St. Laurentius Church continued to thrive. Attendance in the school was high, parishioners dutifully attended Mass. But then, in the mdd-1990’s the Archdiocese of Philadelphia began to lose parishioners as fewer Catholics attended Mass on a regular basis. Father Frank Gwiazda, whose stewardship began n 1986 and continues today, was faced with the arduous task of raising declining enrollment at St. Laurentius School. His faith in God, perseverance and support from loyal parishioners helped him keep the school doors open and maintain the tradition of Catholic education and shared fellowship—a dream first sought by Polish immigrants heeding the call of God more than a century ago.",0
Biscay_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency),"Biscay_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency)  2008-07-04T08:17:06Z   Vizcaya (also called Biscay) is one of the 52 electoral districts (circunscripciones) used for the Spanish Congress of Deputies - the lower chamber of the Spanish Parliament, the Cortes Generales. It is situated in the Basque Country and the largest city is Bilbao where around 30% of the electorate of almost a million live. Barakaldo and Getxo are the only other large municipalities with electorates over 50,000. Under Article 68 of the Spanish constitution the boundaries must be the same as the province of Vizcaya and under Article 140 this can only be altered with the approval of congress. Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage in a secret ballot. The electoral system used is closed list proportional representation with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method. Only lists which poll 3% or more of all valid votes cast, including votes ""en blanco"" i. e. for ""none of the above"" can be considered for seats. Under article 12 of the constitution, the minimum voting age is 18. Article 67. 3 of the Spanish Constitution prohibits dual membership of the Cortes and regional assemblies, meaning that candidates must resign from Regional Assemblies if successfully elected. Article 70 also makes active judges, magistrates, public defenders, serving military personnel, active police officers and members of constitutional and electoral tribunals ineligible. In the general elections from 1977 until 1989 Vizcaya returned 10 members. That figure was reduced to 9 members for the 1993 General Election onwards. Vizcaya was one of the few districts whose electorate fell between 2000 and 2004 and it returns one member more than Asturias despite the latter now having a larger electorate. As a result it will lose a seat at the forthcoming general election being reduced to eight members. Under Spanish electoral law, all provinces are entitled to a minimum of 2 seats with a remaining 248 seats apportioned according to population. These laws are laid out in detail in the 1985 electoral law. (Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General) The practical effect of this law has been to overrepresent smaller provinces at the expense of larger provinces. Vizcaya had a ratio of 109,064 voters per deputy in 2004 above the Spanish average of 98,777 voters per deputy . Note: Seats shown for the PP include seats won by their predecessors, the Popular Alliance and Popular Coalition before 1989. They ran in an electoral alliance with the UCD in 1982. Euskadiko Ezkerra merged with the PSOE after the 1989 election. Note:PP's predecessors contested the 1979 election under the label ""Unión Foral"" Cite error: A  tag is missing the closing  (see the help page). in the town of Mondragón in the neighbouring district of Guipúzcoa which led to a suspension of campaigning. Whether as a result of this or not, PSOE-EE recorded their best over vote share in the district, overtaking the Basque Nationalist PNV for the first time ever and recording the second highest increase in their vote share in any of the 52 districts. With the reduction in representation in the district, both PNV and PP lost seats, with PSOE-EE gaining a seat. IU, having come within 2500 votes of winning a seat in 2004, had one of their worst results here, with only the Balearic Islands seeing a larger drop in their vote share. While Bilbao produced a result close to the average, PSOE did better in the second town of Barakaldo polling nearly 40%. PP had a better than avaerage performance in Getxo taking second place with 29% of the vote. PNV had their best performances in the northern coastal towns. In Bermeo they polled 52%, while in the neighbouring municipalities of Gorliz and Plentzia at the end of the Bilbao Metro they polled nearly 60%. Source:,  Biscay_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency)  2009-09-26T11:37:07Z   Vizcaya (also called Biscay) is one of the 52 electoral districts (Spanish: circunscripciones) used for the Spanish Congress of Deputies - the lower chamber of the Spanish Parliament, the Cortes Generales. It is situated in the Basque Country and the largest city is Bilbao where around 30% of the electorate of almost a million live. At the time of the 2008 election, Barakaldo and Getxo were the only other large municipalities with electorates over 50,000. Traditionally the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) received the largest vote share in the district, however they were overtaken by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) at the 2008 election. Under Article 68 of the Spanish constitution the boundaries must be the same as the province of Vizcaya and under Article 140 this can only be altered with the approval of congress. Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage in a secret ballot. The electoral system used is closed list proportional representation with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method. Only lists which poll 3% or more of all valid votes cast, including votes ""en blanco"" i. e. for ""none of the above"" can be considered for seats. Under article 12 of the constitution, the minimum voting age is 18. The laws regulating the conduct and administration of elections are laid out in detail in the 1985 electoral law. (Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General. ) Under this law, the elections in Vizcaya, as in other districts, are supervised by the Electoral Commission (Junta Electoral), a permanent body composed of eight Supreme Court judges and five political scientists or sociologists appointed by the Congress of Deputies. The Electoral commission is supported in its work by the Interior Ministry. On election day, polling stations are run by electoral boards which consist of groups of citizens selected by lottery. The format of the ballot paper is designed by the Spanish state, however, the law allows political parties to produce and distribute their own ballot papers, either by mailing them to voters or by other means such as street distribution, provided that they comply with the official model. The government then covers the cost of all printed ballot papers. These must then be marked by voters, either in the polling station or outside the polling station and placed inside sealed envelopes which are then placed inside ballot boxes in the polling station. Following the close of polls, the ballots are then counted in each individual polling station in the presence of representatives of the political parties and candidates. The ballots are then immediately destroyed, with the exception of those considered invalid or challenged by the candidates' representatives, which are retained for further scrutiny. The result is that full recounts are impossible. Article 67. 3 of the Spanish Constitution prohibits dual membership of both chambers of the Cortes or of the Cortes and regional assemblies, meaning that candidates must resign from regional assemblies if successfully elected. Article 70 also makes active judges, magistrates, public defenders, serving military personnel, active police officers and members of constitutional and electoral tribunals ineligible. Additionally, under Article 11 of the Political Parties Law, June 2002 (Ley Orgánica 6/2002, de 27 de junio, de Partidos Políticos), parties and individual candidates may be prevented from standing by the Spanish Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo), if they are judged to have violated Article 9 of that law which prohibits parties which are perceived to discriminate against people on the basis of ideology, religion, beliefs, nationality, race, gender or sexual orientation (Article 9a), foment or organise violence as a means of achieving political objectives (Article 9b) or support or compliment the actions of ""terrorist organisations"" (Article 9c). Article 55, Section 2 of the 1985 electoral law also disqualifies director generals or equivalent leaders of state monopolies and public bodies such as the Spanish state broadcaster RTVE. Lastly, following changes to the electoral law which took effect for the 2007 municipal elections, candidates' lists must be composed of at least 40% of candidates of either gender and each group of five candidates must contain at least two males and two females. The most notable effect of the Political Parties Law was that the political party Batasuna was banned on the grounds that it was part of the ""terrorist network"" of the armed separatist group ETA. In August 2002 Batasuna was initially suspended for three years by the judge Baltasar Garzon. The following month, the PP government began seeking a permanent ban. Batasuna lost their appeal against the ban in October 2002 and in March 2003, the Spanish Supreme Court permanently banned Batasuna. Parties and coalitions of different parties which have registered with the Electoral Commission can present lists of candidates (Article 44, 1985 electoral law). Groups of electors which have not registered with the commission can also present lists, provided that they obtain the signatures of 1% of registered electors in a particular district (Article 169). In the general elections from 1977 until 1989 Vizcaya returned 10 members. That figure was reduced to 9 members for the 1993 General Election onwards. Vizcaya was one of the few districts whose electorate fell between 2000 and 2004 and it returns one member more than Asturias despite the latter now having a larger electorate. As a result it lost a seat at the 2008 General Election being reduced to eight members. Under Spanish electoral law, all provinces are entitled to a minimum of 2 seats with a remaining 248 seats apportioned according to population. These laws are laid out in detail in the 1985 electoral law. (Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General) The practical effect of this law has been to overrepresent smaller provinces at the expense of larger provinces. Vizcaya had a ratio of 109,064 voters per deputy in 2004 above the Spanish average of 98,777 voters per deputy . Note: Seats shown for the PP include seats won by their predecessors, the Popular Alliance and Popular Coalition before 1989. They ran in an electoral alliance with the UCD in 1982. Euskadiko Ezkerra merged with the PSOE after the 1989 election. Note:PP's predecessors contested the 1979 election under the label ""Unión Foral"" The 2008 election was overshadowed by the killing of a former PSOE councillor by ETA in the town of Mondragón in the neighbouring district of Guipúzcoa which led to a suspension of campaigning. Whether as a result of this or not, PSOE-EE recorded their best over vote share in the district, overtaking the Basque Nationalist PNV for the first time ever and recording the second highest increase in their vote share in any of the 52 districts. With the reduction in representation in the district, both PNV and PP lost seats, with PSOE-EE gaining a seat. IU, having come within 2500 votes of winning a seat in 2004, had one of their worst results here, with only the Balearic Islands seeing a larger drop in their vote share. Both the PNV and PP lost a seat. In the case of the PP, an increase of 576 votes would have given them the final seat. *On 23 May 2008 Mendizábal was substituted by Óscar Seco Revilla While Bilbao produced a result close to the average, PSOE did better in the second town of Barakaldo polling nearly 40%. PP had a better than avaerage performance in Getxo taking second place with 29% of the vote. PNV had their best performances in the northern coastal towns. In Bermeo they polled 52%, while in the neighbouring municipalities of Gorliz and Plentzia at the end of the Bilbao Metro they polled nearly 60%. Source:",0
Ryan Bowman,"Ryan Bowman  2018-02-13T13:59:47Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell. Born in Carlisle, Cumbria, Bowman started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North club Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 matches on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first-team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and during the summer of 2010 signed a one-year professional contract. On 19 October 2010, Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of 2010–11 for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in 2010–11 before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed for Conference Premier club Darlington on 4 August 2011 on a sixth-month contract. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011, he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league matches without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of 2011–12 on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 appearances as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on 24 July 2012 on a one-year contract. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One team Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished 2012–13 as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two club York City on 24 May 2013 on a two-year contract. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th-minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd-minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished 2013–14 with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier club Torquay United on 3 July 2014 on a two-year contract. Bowman signed for Torquay's National League rivals Gateshead on 17 July 2015 for an undisclosed fee. On 31 August 2016, Bowman signed for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell for an undisclosed fee, agreeing a two-year contract. He made his debut on 10 September 2016, as Motherwell drew 1–1 away to Ross County. ,  Ryan Bowman  2019-12-05T15:08:47Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL League One club Exeter City. Born in Carlisle, Cumbria, Bowman started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North club Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 matches on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first-team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and during the summer of 2010 signed a one-year professional contract. On 19 October 2010, Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of 2010–11 for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in 2010–11 before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed for Conference Premier club Darlington on 4 August 2011 on a sixth-month contract. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011, he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league matches without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of 2011–12 on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 appearances as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on 24 July 2012 on a one-year contract. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One team Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished 2012–13 as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two club York City on 24 May 2013 on a two-year contract. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th-minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd-minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished 2013–14 with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier club Torquay United on 3 July 2014 on a two-year contract. Bowman signed for Torquay's National League rivals Gateshead on 17 July 2015 for an undisclosed fee. Bowman signed for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell on 31 August 2016 on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on 10 September 2016, as Motherwell drew 1–1 away to Ross County. Bowman signed for League Two club Exeter City on 2 January 2019 for an undisclosed nominal fee as a replacement for Jayden Stockley, who was expected to leave the club.",1
Struga_Poetry_Evenings,"Struga_Poetry_Evenings  2007-11-17T01:56:24Z   Struga Poetry Evenings (Macedonian language: Струшки Вечери на Поезијата, abbreviation: СВП; translit. : Struški Večeri na Poezijata, SVP) is an acclaimed international poetry festival held annualy in the city of Struga, Republic of Macedonia. During the several decades of its existence the Festival has awarded its most prestigious award the Golden Wreath to some of the most notable international poets including: Wystan Hugh Auden, Joseph Brodsky, Allen Ginsberg, Bulat Okudzhava, Pablo Neruda, Eugenio Montale, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Artur Lundkvist, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Ted Hughes, Makoto Ooka, Miroslav Krleža, Yehuda Amichai, Seamus Heaney and domestic authors such as Blaže Koneski. The Festival began in 1962 in Struga, then People's Republic of Macedonia with Macedonian poets only, while in 1963 it expanded its list of participants with poets from all around the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Miladinov Brothers Award was established for a best poetry book published between two consecutive festivals. By 1966 the Festival turned into an international cultural festival. The Golden Wreath international award was established in the same year and its first recipient was Robert Rozhdestvensky. Two years later, in a close cooperation with UNESCO, the Festival established another international award called The Bridges of Struga for a best debut poetry book by a young author. During its long succesful existence the festival has hosted about 4000 poets, translators, essayists and literary critics from about 95 countries of the world. The 2007 laureat was Mahmoud Darwish. The Festival has awarded some of the most eminent world's figures, including several Nobel Prize for Literature winners such as Joseph Brodsky, Eugenio Montale, Pablo Neruda and Seamus Heaney, the first African member of the French Academy Léopold Sédar Senghor who was also a President of Senegal, the official royal Poet Laureate Ted Hughes, W. H. Auden who is regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century and many others. A point of interest is that the Festival offten awarded foreign poets who were considered dissidents in their countries, this includes for example the Russian exiled poet Joseph Brodsky, the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, the American beatnik Allen Ginsberg, the Soviet bard Bulat Okudzhava and many others. In memory of the laureats, the Park of Poetry featuring memorial boards dedicated to each of them was established near the Struga Cultural Center. The Festival has offices in Struga and in Skopje (an office director, an executive and a technical secretary) and is organized by a Festival Board, which consists of knowledgeable professionals in the field of poetry (poets, literary critics, translators, and professors in comparative literature and culture). The Festival consists of several events held at different locations: Other events include workshops, round-table discussions on various social topics and their influence on poetry, etc. Another event in the so called Caravan of Poetry, which consists of poetry performances around the country. Usualy, after the end of the Festival, the Festival also organizes poetry reading in the national capital, Skopje. List of the recipients of the Golden Wreath of the Struga Poetry Evenings by year. The Struga Poetry Evenings organization is also involved in book publishing. Poetry Anthologies Published,  Struga_Poetry_Evenings  2009-08-20T23:19:22Z   Struga Poetry Evenings (SVE) (Macedonian: Струшки Вечери на Поезијата, СВП; tr. Struški Večeri na Poezijata, SVP) is an internationally acclaimed poetry festival held annually in Struga, Republic of Macedonia. During the several decades of its existence, the Festival has awarded its most prestigious award, the Golden Wreath, to some of the most notable international poets, including: W. H. Auden, Joseph Brodsky, Allen Ginsberg, Bulat Okudzhava, Pablo Neruda, Eugenio Montale, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Artur Lundkvist, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Nichita Stănescu, Ted Hughes, Makoto Ooka, Miroslav Krleža, Yehuda Amichai, Seamus Heaney and domestic authors such as Blaže Koneski. The Festival began in 1962 in Struga, then People's Republic of Macedonia with Macedonian poets only, while in 1963 it expanded its list of participants with poets from all around the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Miladinov Brothers Award was established for a best poetry book published between two consecutive festivals. By 1966 the event turned into an international cultural festival. The Golden Wreath international award was established in the same year and its first recipient was Robert Rozhdestvensky. Two years later, in a close cooperation with UNESCO, the Festival established another international award called The Bridges of Struga, for a best debut poetry book by a young author. During its long successful existence, the festival has hosted about 4000 poets, translators, essayists and literary critics from about 95 countries of the world. The 2008 laureate was Fatos Arapi. The Festival has awarded some of the world's most eminent literary figures, including several Nobel Prize for Literature winners such as Joseph Brodsky, Eugenio Montale, Pablo Neruda and Seamus Heaney, the first African member of the French Academy Léopold Sédar Senghor who was also a President of Senegal, the official royal Poet Laureate Ted Hughes, W. H. Auden who is regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century, and many others. A point of interest is that the Festival often awarded foreign poets who were considered dissidents in their countries, this includes for example the Russian exiled poet Joseph Brodsky, the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, the American beatnik Allen Ginsberg, the Soviet bard Bulat Okudzhava and many others. In memory of the laureates, the Park of Poetry featuring memorial boards dedicated to each of them was established near the Struga Cultural Center. The Festival has offices in Struga and in Skopje (an office director, an executive and a technical secretary) and is organized by a Festival Board, which consists of knowledgeable professionals in the field of poetry (poets, literary critics, translators, and professors in comparative literature and culture). The Festival consists of several events held at different locations: Other events include workshops, round-table discussions on various social topics and their influence on poetry, etc. Another event in the so called Caravan of Poetry, which consists of poetry performances around the country. Usually, after the end of the Festival, the Festival also organizes poetry reading in the national capital, Skopje. The Struga Poetry Evenings organization is also involved in book publishing.",0
KRCX-FM,"KRCX-FM  2010-03-13T08:41:51Z   KRCX-FM (99. 9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Marysville, California, USA, it serves the Sacramento area. The station is currently owned by Entravision Holdings, LLC. Although KRCX does have a HD Radio channel, it has yet to sign on a HD2 or HD3 subcarrier. On March 10, 1994 KRCX took over KRFD, after their purchase of the station. Talk about 99. 9 This article about a radio station in California is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  KRCX-FM  2013-02-03T20:29:24Z   KRCX-FM (99. 9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Marysville, California, USA, it serves the Sacramento area. The station is currently owned by Entravision Holdings, LLC. Although KRCX does have a HD Radio channel, it has yet to sign on a HD2 or HD3 subcarrier. On March 10, 1994 KRCX took over KRFD, after their purchase of the station. This article about a radio station in California is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Safari (web browser),"Safari (web browser)  2006-01-01T00:34:30Z  Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Computer, Inc. and available as part of its Mac OS X operating system. It was included as the default browser in Mac OS X v10.3 (Panther) and is the only browser bundled with Mac OS X v10.4 (Tiger). Safari uses Apple's brushed metal user interface, has a bookmark management scheme that functions like the iTunes jukebox software, is integrated with Apple's QuickTime multimedia technology, and features a tabbed-browsing interface similar to that of Mozilla. A Google search box is a standard component of the Safari interface, as are software services which automatically fill out Web forms and spellcheck entries into web page text fields. The browser also includes an integrated pop-up ad blocker. Until 1997, Apple Macintosh computers had shipped with Netscape Navigator. Microsoft's Internet Explorer for Mac was subsequently included as the default web browser as part of the five-year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. Microsoft released five major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac, with the last one being released on March 27 2000. On January 7 2003, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed their own web browser in house called Safari. They released the first beta version that day and a number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, until they released version 1.0 on June 23. Available as a separate download initially, it was included with Mac OS X v10.3 on release on October 24 as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. With the release of Mac OS X v10.4 in April 29 2005, Safari is the only web browser included with the operating system. Safari uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (based on KDE's kjs JavaScript engine). Like KHTML and kjs, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to opendarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements remain proprietary. Version 2.0 of Safari, released on April 29 2005 includes a built in RSS and Atom reader. Other features include private browsing (which does not record any information of your web visit), the ability to archive and e-mail webpages, the ability to search bookmarks, and a reported 1.8x speed boost over version 1.2.4. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his progress fixing bugs in Safari to get it to pass the Acid2 test. On April 27 he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. The changes were not initially available to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at opendarwin.org. However on October 31, Apple released version 2.0.2 of Safari that included the Acid2 bug fixes. ,  Safari (web browser)  2007-12-31T18:40:05Z  Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. and included in Mac OS X. It was first released as a public beta on January 7, 2003, as the default browser in Mac OS X v10.3. A beta version for Microsoft Windows was released for the first time on June 11 2007 with support for Windows XP and Windows Vista, although it was also functional, albeit unofficially, on Windows 2000. Safari has also been run unofficially on Linux under Wine, but the GUI and graphics do not render properly. Safari has a bookmark management scheme that functions like the iTunes jukebox software, integrates Apple's QuickTime multimedia technology, and features a tabbed-browsing interface. A Google/Yahoo search box is a standard component of the Safari interface, as are software services that automatically fill out web forms, manage passwords via Keychain and spell check entries into web page text fields. The browser also includes an integrated pop-up ad blocker. Also from Apple is the Web Inspector - a DOM Inspector-like utility that lets users and developers browse the Document Object Model of a web page. Since the release of Safari, its browser usage share has been climbing. For the month of May 2006, thecounter.com shows that Safari has a usage share of 2.86%; NetApplications.com reports that Safari has a usage share of 4.59% as of April 2007, an increase of 1.33 percentage points since May 2006. Until 1997, Apple Macintosh computers had shipped with Netscape Navigator only. Microsoft's Internet Explorer for Mac was subsequently included as the default web browser as part of the five year agreement between Apple and Microsoft. However, Netscape Navigator continued to be included. Microsoft released five major versions of Internet Explorer for Mac, with the last one being released on March 27, 2000. On January 7, 2003, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had developed their own web browser based on KHTML rendering engine, called Safari. They released the first beta version that day and a number of official and unofficial beta versions followed, until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. Available as a separate download initially, it was included with the Mac OS X v10.3 release on October 24, 2003, as the default browser, with Internet Explorer for Mac included only as an alternative browser. Since the release of Mac OS X v10.4 in April 29, 2005, Safari is the only web browser included with the operating system. Safari uses Apple's WebKit for rendering web pages and running JavaScript. WebKit consists of WebCore (based on Konqueror's KHTML engine) and JavaScriptCore (based on KDE's JavaScript engine named KJS). Like KHTML and KJS, WebCore and JavaScriptCore are free software and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. Some Apple improvements to the KHTML code are merged back into the Konqueror project. Apple also releases additional code under an open source 2-clause BSD-like license. In June 2005, after some criticism from KHTML developers over lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin.org. WebKit itself was also released as open source. The source code for non-renderer aspects of the browser, such as its GUI elements, remains proprietary. Version 2.0 of Safari, released on April 29, 2005 and which runs only on Mac OS X 10.4.x (Tiger) or later, includes a built in RSS and Atom reader. Other features include Private Browsing (a mode in which no record of information about the user's web activity is retained), the ability to archive and e-mail web pages, the ability to search bookmarks, and a reported 1.8x speed boost over version 1.2.4. In April 2005, Dave Hyatt, one of the Safari developers at Apple, documented his progress fixing bugs in Safari to get it to pass the Acid2 test. On April 27, 2005, he announced that his development version of Safari now passed the test, making it the first web browser to do so. The changes were not initially available to end-users unless they downloaded and compiled the WebKit source code themselves or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at opendarwin.org. However on October 31, 2005, Apple released version 2.0.2 of Safari that included the Acid2 bug fixes. On January 9 2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple's iPhone, which uses the Safari browser. At the 2007 Worldwide Developers Conference, Steve Jobs announced Safari 3 for Microsoft Windows XP and Windows Vista. The beta version of Safari 3 now works with Google Docs and allows for rich formatting in Gmail, both of which were unavailable on earlier versions of Safari even though Safari has had rich formatting since version 1.3. Safari 3 extends on this as well as making it more stable. The Safari beta version for Windows had several known bugs and a zero day exploit that allows remote execution, upon its initial beta release on June 11, 2007, in version 3.0. The addressed bugs were then corrected by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1 on Windows. On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance issues and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handles some fonts that are missing in the browser but already installed on your computer, such as Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, and others. The software will run in WINE if this guide is used. At the announcement, Apple claimed that Safari is the fastest browser and, to prove this, Steve Jobs ran a benchmark, based on the iBench browser test suite, live at the show. External measurement of HTTP load times confirm that Safari is the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, but is tied with IE7 and Firefox when comparing loading from caches. Safari is the native browser on the Apple iPhone and iPod touch. Safari has solid and standards-compliant support for CSS, including partial support of CSS3. Safari 3 supports several experimental properties like text-shadow, text-stroke, box-shadow, border-image, multiple backgrounds for each element, resizeable elements, rgba() and the CSS3 pseudo-element :first-of-type. Note the version may be reported differently in the 'About Safari' function than those reported below for the webkit. The initial Leopard release version of Safari is 3.0.4 (5523.10) where the same version below is reported as 3.0.4. 523.10.3. OS X web browsers",1
Tan Long,"Tan Long  2013-01-20T21:39:40Z  {{Infobox football biography | name = Long Tan | image = | fullname = Tan Long | birth_date = (1988-04-01) April 1, 1988 (age 36) | birth_place = Dalian, Liaoning, China | height = 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | position = Forward | currentclub = D.C. United | clubnumber = 27 | youthyears1 = 2004–2006 | youthclubs1 = Shanghai United | years1 = 2007–2008 | clubs1 = Pudong Zobon | caps1 = 16 | goals1 = 6 | years2 = 2009 | clubs2 = Atlanta Blackhawks | caps2 = 12 | goals2 = 7 | years3 = 2010 | clubs3 = FC Tampa Bay | caps3 = 25 | goals3 = 3 | years4 = 2011–2012 | clubs4 = Vancouver Whitecaps FC | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 1 | years5 = 2011 | clubs5 = → Vancouver Whitecaps FC U-23 (loan) | caps5 = 6 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2012 | clubs6 = → Vancouver Whitecaps FC U-23 (loan) | caps6 = 2 | goals6 = 3 | years7 = 2012– | clubs7 = D.C. United | caps7 = 6 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2012 | clubs8 = → Richmond Kickers (loan) | caps8 = 1 | goals8 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2009 | nationalteam1 = China U23 | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | medaltemplates = | pcupdate = 20 January 2012  name Tan Long (simplified Chinese: 谭龙; traditional Chinese: 譚龍; pinyin: Tán Lóng; born April 1, 1988 in Dalian, Liaoning) former name Tan Xin (simplified Chinese: 谭鑫; traditional Chinese: 譚鑫; pinyin: Tán Xīn), is a Chinese footballer currently playing for D.C. United in Major League Soccer. Tan has been playing soccer since he was six. Between 1994 and 2004, he studied academics and played soccer at Zhong Shan school in his hometown, Dalian, before moving to Shanghai to further his career. He subsequently played for Shanghai United and Pudong Zobon in 2008) in China League One. He made his senior debut and scored his first professional goal on April 29, 2007, in a 2-1 home defeat to Beijing Institute of Technology. Tan relocated to the United States in late 2008, and played for the Atlanta Blackhawks in the USL Premier Development League in 2009, scoring 7 goals in 12 appearances. He attended open tryouts for MLS’s Philadelphia Union, but did not get called back after the first round of workouts, and eventually signed with FC Tampa Bay of the new USSF Division 2 Professional League in January, 2010. Tan's rights were traded to Vancouver Whitecaps FC as part of the deal taking Jonny Steele and Ricardo Sánchez to Tampa Bay on July 20, 2010. He went on trial with the club in November 2010 in view of signing with the club following their move up to Major League Soccer. Tan signed with Vancouver on March 11, 2011. He made his MLS debut on March 26, 2011 in a 1–0 loss to Philadelphia Union, and in doing so became the first Chinese-born player to play for an MLS club. On October 12, 2011 Tan become the first Chinese-born player to score in the MLS. Tan was traded to D.C. United on June 28, 2012 in exchange for a first round 2015 MLS Supplemental Draft pick. He scored his first goal against the Chicago Fire making it 4-2 for D.C. United. ,  Tan Long  2014-11-24T11:22:06Z  name Tan Long (simplified Chinese: 谭龙; traditional Chinese: 譚龍; pinyin: Tán Lóng; born April 1, 1988), former name Tan Xin (simplified Chinese: 谭鑫; traditional Chinese: 譚鑫; pinyin: Tán Xīn), is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Arizona United in the USL Pro. Tan started playing football when he was six. Between 1994 and 2004, he studied academics and played football at the Zhongshan School in his hometown Dalian before moving to Shanghai to further his career. He subsequently played for Shanghai United and Pudong Zobon in 2008 in China League One. He made his senior debut and scored his first professional goal on April 29, 2007, in a 2-1 home defeat to Beijing Institute of Technology. Tan relocated to the United States in late 2008, and played for the Atlanta Blackhawks in the USL Premier Development League in 2009, scoring 7 goals in 12 appearances. He attended open tryouts for MLS’s Philadelphia Union, but did not get called back after the first round of workouts, and eventually signed with FC Tampa Bay of the new USSF Division 2 Professional League in January 2010. Tan's rights were traded to Vancouver Whitecaps FC as part of the deal taking Jonny Steele and Ricardo Sánchez to Tampa Bay on July 20, 2010. He went on trial with the club in November 2010 in view of signing with the club following their move up to Major League Soccer. Tan signed a contract with the club on March 11, 2011. He made his debut for the club on March 26, 2011 in a 1–0 loss to Philadelphia Union, and in doing so became the first Chinese-born player to play for a Major League Soccer club. On October 12, 2011, Tan become the first Chinese-born player to score a goal in the league when he scored against D.C. United. Tan was traded to D.C. United on June 28, 2012 in exchange for a third-round 2015 MLS SuperDraft pick. He scored his first goal against the Chicago Fire in a 4-2 win for D.C. United. Tan was later released after the end of the season. Tan then signed with USL Professional Division club Orlando City on February 6, 2013. On April 6, 2013, Tan scored a goal and assisted on another during his debut for Orlando in a 3-1 victory over Phoenix FC. In the fourth round of the 2013 U.S. Open Cup, he scored in the second minute in a 1-0 victory against defending champions Sporting Kansas City to bring his club to the next round. His contract was not renewed at the end of the 2013 season and he was released. On February 21, 2014, Tan returned to China and joined Chinese Super League newcomer Harbin Yiteng. After his release by Harbin Yiteng, Tan return to the United States and signed with USL Pro club Arizona United on July 11, 2014. In only 12 league appearances for Arizona, Tan scored five goals, tied for top on the team for the team and led the team with 32 shots. After signing Tan, Arizona nearly doubled its goals-per-game average, going from 0.88 to 1.58. On 21 October 2014, it was announced that Tan had signed a multi-year contract for the club before the 2015 USL Pro season. Orlando City",1
History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship,"History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship  2009-03-30T23:10:51Z   The Republic of Haiti is located on the island Hispaniola in the Caribbean. Haiti gained its independence from France in the first successful slave rebellion in the Americas, and their identification as conquerors of a racially repressed society is a theme echoed throughout Haiti's history. Their roots as a slave colony are embedded in their national identity. Haiti has a unique history of racial ideology. During its colonial period, class structure shifted from one based on wealth, to divisions distinguished by race. Once accepted as elite, families of African descent were rejected because of racist stereotypes. This regression shaped the evolution of the Haitian Revolution as peoples of African descent rose up against the white colonial planters. As part of the French Empire, nationality in Saint-Domingue, present day Haiti, was based on a mixture of economics and race, combining white planter elite, black slaves, and free black planters. Haiti was unusual, as it was the only slave society in the Americas with a significant population of free black planters. Unlike most colonial slave societies, status was based on economics rather than race, creating a unified master class of both races. ""Whereas the freedmen in all other slave societies entered at the lowest ranks of free society, in the French West Indies they were often permitted to enter the class of plantation owners from the beginning. "" Officially, imperial policy and the inequality of slavery's distribution of freedom and wealth excluded all blacks from the civil, public sphere of society. However, those with little or no official power were able to use public law to fight for their security in liberty and justice. For example, many slaves were able to use the French Code Noir marriage provision and claim independence. There was no fine line between the races as interracial relationships were not uncommon; colonists often had sexual relations with their slaves, generally recognizing the paternity of their children and freeing them from slavery. Men and women who escaped slavery were able to assert themselves in civil society; the opportunity to advance economically was not reserved for white Europeans. Also known as ""The Black Code"", this set of laws was written in 1685 concerning the governance of the French American Islands. It determined and regulated the status of different social classes. King Louis XIV composed these laws to assert French presence in his Caribbean territories, and to assert Christianity and control over the free black population. Its purpose was to regulate hours of work and food distribution, limitations of punishments, and formally limit slave-owners' otherwise arbitrary power. The Code expelled all Jews, forced all slaves to be baptized, and made provisions concerning the citizenship status of freed blacks. According to Article 59, emancipated blacks were to be granted the same privileges as native-born French subjects. Article LIX. We grant to manumitted slaves the same rights, privileges and liberties enjoyed by persons born free; desiring that they merit this acquired liberty and that it produce in them, both for their persons and for their property, the same effects that the good fortune of natural liberty causes in our other subjects. Yet freed blacks generally suffered worse conditions than those enslaved. All blacks were considered public property, so although they were not tied to a single master, all blacks suffered under racial laws. -for three years all had to serve in the ""maréchaussee"" militia to catch fugitive slaves -had to serve in the general militia -obliged to a corvée to maintain the roadways -could not be employed publicly or in a liberal profession (for example, schoolteachers) -those of mixed races could not use the name of their white parent When the Seven Years' War ended in 1763, a shift in French colonist's self-identity due to the ensuing political conflicts redefined a line between the races. In an effort to reaffirm their French identity politically and culturally, white colonists defined their bond with the metropole through race. Colonists and imperial administrators created a new public sphere in by which people were unfit for civil life based on their constructed racial sexual stereotypes; those that were unfit were not allowed to practice their citizenship rights. Resentful of black success, the colonial elite segregated themselves from their counterparts, the wealthy Creole and ex-slave families, by using race instead of wealth to classify their high level of society. For example, everyone, regardless of wealth, who had one African grandparent had to identify themselves as ""quarteron,"" a person of color. Colonial administration used racism as a tool in developing a Saint-Domingue identity. The French law of colonial citizenship being fully ""white"" was influenced by the enlightenment's emphasis on the purity of ‘whiteness. "" The French Constitution of 1791 specifically left out French territories: ""The French colonies and possessions in Asia, Africa, and America, although they form part of the French dominion, are not in the present constitution. "" By excluding Haiti in this Constitution, which contained the Declaration of the Rights of Man, Haiti was denied the same rights as other French subjects. As a new definition French Citizenship was developing with the progression of the French Revolution, elite men of color began to fight for their rights as citizens. The development of Haitian nationality is marked by its declaration of independence on January 1, 1804. The Caribbean island won its independence from France after a period of harsh colonial rule in the first successful slave rebellion, making Haiti the second independent country in North America after the United States. As ideas of the French Revolution spread, a movement against the oppressive Black Code developed. The Free Colored Narrative: In the first century after independence, descendants of the wealthy black planter elite ruled Haiti. These ""mulatrist"" historians supported a narrative of the Haitian Revolution that focused on the free colored revolutionaries. As their ancestors had been leaders of the revolution, it followed naturally that the superior elite planters of mixed race should lead the new Haiti. ""Mulatrists"" went so far as to claim they could not be guilty of racism towards the darker skinned constituency because they had suffered under French racism. In 1788, the Society of the Friends of the Blacks, an abolitionist group, formed in Paris to reform the harsh racial laws in Saint-Domingue. With support from wealthy free black planters such as Julien Raimond, the Society of the Friends of the Blacks took the issue to trial. Instead of outright arguing against the slave trade, Raimond and the Society campaigned for the recognition of citizenship for mixed-race colonists. In 1971, the very same Paris legislation who voted on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen ruled in favor of the society, granting voting rights to free blacks, albeit limited voting rights. Unable to tolerate this decision as it would destabilize the slave regime, white colonialists reacted in violence, only to start a civil war with the free and enslaved black people of Haiti. It was this ""mulatto"" oligarchy that led Haitians through their Revolution from France. The ""Black"" Revolutionary Narrative: By the twentieth century, this view had shifted to focus on the slave rebellion and its ex-slave leaders like Louverture and Dessalines. This ""black"" Revolutionary narrative served to promote Haitian national identity, focusing on the strength of a colonial repressed society rather than its leaders. Haiti even adopted a new national anthem ""La Dessalines"", promoting the culture of the rural majority. When England and Spain invaded in 1793, they were defeated by ex-slave Toussaint Louverture, leader of the French and native army. As the white and black populations mobilized against one another, Louverture led the oppressed slaves in the Haitian Revolution, naming himself Governor-General for Life in the 1801 Constitution. Fighting between blacks and whites would continue, as Napoleon sent General Charles Lecerc to arrest Louverture and re-instate slavery. In 1803, another rebellion against the French colonists was led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines. The successful rebellion ended the civil war in 1804 with the Declaration of Haitian Independence and Dessalines was proclaimed Emperor of Haiti in 1804. Recognizing Haiti as a nation was difficult for those countries that did not want to be associated with a free slave society. In dealing with foreign policy, Haiti wanted to be seen as an equal nation. Haiti granted automatic citizenship to anyone of African or Amerindian origin, and even went so far as to invite these oppressed peoples to settle in Haiti. Their fight to be recognized reflects the Haitian desire to be equal, and thus free. France recognized Haitian independence in 1825. This recognition was indirect, ""masked by a degree of doublespeak that would have made Talleyrand proud"", and only transpired after a Haiti paid huge reparations. However, Haiti was able to open normal relations with their former colonizers. Prior to the Haitian Revolution, Haiti had been the United State's second largest trading partner, second only to Great Britain. However, in the early nineteenth century America was very much a slave society, and balked at the idea of supporting a slave revolt that took over a nation. The United States was divided; merchants wanted to continue trade while southern slave owners wanted to isolate or even repress the new Haitians. Until Jean-Pierre Boyer unified Haiti in 1820, commercial relations were limited. As the American Civil War progressed and the United States' stance on black liberation began to shift, so did their views of Haiti and Liberia (another free black country). As an imperialistic nation, the US had trouble with a nation that granted civil status to whom they deemed unworthy; while they had slavery, the US could not recognize Haiti. ""If any good reason exists why we should persevere longer in withholding our recognition of the sovereignty and independence of Haiti and Liberia, I am unable to discern it. . . It does not admit of doubt that important commercial advantages may be obtained by treaties with them. ""Abraham Lincoln to Congress, December 3, 1861 In 1863, Abraham Lincoln officially recognized Haiti and Liberia as independent and sovereign, and signed a treaty of amity and commerce in 1865. The subsequent black Haitian ambassador in Washington, D. C. was recognized as an equal in American politics. Prior to Haitian independence, Saint Domingue was a colony under French rule, but laws were made specifically for Saint Domingue as a colony. For example: •	The Constitution of 1765 separated the military from the civil government •	The Edict of August, 1765 established a judicial system However, after the 1789 Revolution, all developments in French law also pertained to Saint Domingue as a colony came under a more direct empirical ruling. The important developments of this time period are: •	The decree of April 4, 1792, which granted political equality to emancipated slaves •	The decree of February 4, 1794, which abolished slavery The Constitutions of 1801 and 1805 Louverture's 1801 Constitution freed all slaves, but required their presence on the island as workers. Similarly, Dessaline's 1805 constitution held racial laws: Haitians (all considered black) could not marry white foreigners. The Constitution of 1806 This ended the authoritative regime of Dessalines, creating three separate branches of government. This changed the relationship btw the citizen and the state, empowering the citizen. However, the legislative branch represented by the Senate remained the most powerful. The Constitution of 1816 Lasting until 1843, this constitution leveled the power of the three branches and brought in civil ideas from the French declaration in 1789 of fundamental rights. The Haitian Civil Code of 1825 In 1825, Haiti established the first Haitian Civil Code, adopted mainly in part from the Napoleonic Code. Two years later the Code of Civil Procedure, the Rural Code, and the Commercial Code were established; these are the foundations of Haiti's legal system today. When Riviere Harard unified Haiti, he abolished the law criminalizing Haitian and white foreign marriage. The Constitution of 1918 Adopted during US occupation, this Constitution focused on property rights of foreigners. Previously, to ensure against foreign white domination, no white foreigner was permitted to own real estate. Contrastingly, all black foreigners could easily acquire Haitian nationality. In 1918, foreigners, regardless of race, could own land for business or residency purposes, losing those rights five years after that purpose ended. The Constitution of 1950 Article 88 gave power directly to the citizen constituency, as the President of the Republic would now be directly voted upon by citizens. Article 21: Citizenship Through Descent -born in Haiti to a Haitian mother or father -born in a foreign country to Haitian parents -born in Haiti to a foreign father; if not recognized by father, it is acceptable to be recognized by a foreign mother only if the subject is of black descent Through Naturalization -after five years of residency, one may apply for naturalization, yet may not practice political rights until ten years after the date of naturalization -these political rights include: --right to participate in the election of the President of the Republic --right to defend and serve the country --right to be elected or appointed to public office Note: citizens over the age of 18 are entitled to civil and political rights; not all Haitians are citizens. Article 22: Democratic Principles This article is concerned with the principla of equality for all Haitians, including but not limited to freedom of speech (except during wartime), worship and peaceful assembly (excluding public assembly which must be authorized); with an overall umbrella of individual freedoms guaranteed by the state (for example, extradition for political reasons is prohibited). Haitian society has been sharply divided since its independence in 1804. The rural agricultural sector, composing as much as 95% of the population, makes up the base of this society. The elite are then left to dominate national institutions and the governmental apparatus. These two sections are kept separate by income, source of income, language, education, religion, etc. Militarism and republican nationalism formed the basis by which Haitian society was aligned, granting the elite class legitimate power. The yeomanry: They live in rural areas, are poor, and work the land for a living. They believe in Vodou so practice common law marriage, sometimes even polygamy, and generally speak only Creole. Isolated from the outside world, these poor farmers are illiterate and uneducated. Most noticeably, they are (for the most part) darker in skin tone than the elite. The elite: This merchant and professional class dominates urban society. They speak French as well as Creole (the national language) and are sent to institutions of higher learning abroad. Catholicism is the principal religion, so most marriages are religiously affiliated, thus ""western"" and ""modern. "" This elite, lighter-skinned class, views themselves as aristocracy, and distances themselves from a shared Haitian history. Until 1915, Haiti followed an isolationist policy. However, in 1915 the United States invaded Haiti and kept occupation until 1934. During this time, interest in Haitian nationality broadened to embrace the rural majority's ""black"" culture. A Haitian historical society was founded in 1924, with a focus on their history through the ""Black Slave Rebellion"" narrative of the Haitian Revolution. Louverture and Dessalines became ""great slave revolutionaries"", showing the world the power of colonized peoples. ""By the 1970s…had begun to think of their homeland in terms that transcended mere nostalgic attachment to a particular outpost of empire. The new… nationalism precipitates strong tensions between conservative and radical elements within local intelligentsias. Here too, the Haitian experience of the early 1900s, with its armed conflict…Finally, the accelerated urbanization and migration experienced in Haiti, which resulted from the centralizing tendencies of the state, import-dependency, and the extreme exploitation of labor, …trends in the global economy created the impetus for a massive population exodus after World War II. "" Since the US occupation, Haiti has been unable to establish an independent civilian police force as an entity separate from the army. Every attempt to do so has resulted in a military overthrow of the presidency. Haitian Civil-Military Relations: (1)	Military control for the protection of the state against foreign invaders (2)	Military control for the management of a crisis (3)	Civilian control through the demilitarization of the nation (4)	Civilian control through the professionalization of the army (5)	Civilian control through the co-optation of the arm (6)	Civilian control through the democratization of the army This section focuses on the situation of immigrant Haitian laborers in Cuba from 1912 to 1939. Due to the United States occupation of Haiti, many Haitians left to find work as laborers in neighboring countries like Cuba. These immigrants lived a fine line trying to maintain their Haitian culture and assimilating enough to be able to work and live in a foreign society. In 1937, over 25,000 Haitians were forcibly removed from Cuba and shipped back to Haiti, while other immigrant workers from the British West Indies were allowed to stay. This different treatment of migrant laborers is due to several factors (revolution, religion, and sexuality), all pertaining to nationality. Cuban racists beliefs combined with economic concerns were a direct catalyst for this drastic Haitian exodus. Revolution: Cubans feared a reply of the Haitian Revolution, which was not quelled by the current guerilla warfare in Haiti by the caco forces against the Americans. Similarly, Haitians were steryotyped as being violent and rife with crime. Religion: Fear of African religions was only perpetuated by the Haitian practice of ""witchcraft. "" Sexuality: A rise in prostitution was blamed on Antillean immigration, and Haitians, who were immoral to begin with, were considered riddled with diseases that spread to the native Cuban population. When compared to the immigrants from the British West Indies, Haitians did not assimilate into Cuban society nearly as well. Due to several reasons, this is why it was easier for Cuba to dispel Haitians without disrupting society to such a great extent. Haitians remained in tight-nit communities and kept their national identities as Haitian, while those from the Indies assimilated and became Cuban themselves. Language, self-imposed segregation, education, and religion kept Haitians isolated in separated rural communities. Language: The vast majority of Haitians spoke French Creole, while the British islanders spoke English, as did the U. S. sugar mill manages and many of the upper class Cubans. This enabled many Indians to look for upper management jobs and move outside the realm of basic labor, while Haitians were immobile and remained in agricultural labor. Housing practices: Haitians lived in small communities near the sugar cane plantations, very rural and removed from Cuban populations. Contrastingly, British Indians settled in the cities and assimilated into Cuban society. Education: Economic restraints amongst Haitians kept education informal and contained in their small communities, as such, very few Haitians had anything above a basic level of Creole literacy. This enabled Haitians to keep control over the cultural values their children received. British West Indian immigrants, who were generally already literate in English, put their children in formal schooling. While the tight Haitian communities were maintained through the generations, islanders assimilated through their children. Religion: Voodoo, the traditional Haitian religion, was decentralized and flexible, focusing on a healing nature. The rituals involved in voodoo strengthened community ties and helped the oppressed Haitians deal with their suffering. Immigrants from the British West Indies assimilated almost immediately into the Cuban Episcopal Church. This led to more formal organizations, and a distancing from their national ties. According to the standing 1987 Constitution All citizenship laws in effect today are from the Constitution of Haiti ratified in 1987. Through Descent A person born in Haiti does not automatically receive citizenship. A child, regardless of where they are born, is considered Haitian if either their mother or father is a native-born citizen of Haiti. Through Naturalization Naturalization is possible, yet can only be obtained after a continuous period of Haitian residence for five years. A naturalized citizen has the right to vote, but is not eligible to hold public office until five years after their date of naturalization, excluding those offices reserved for native-born Haitians by Constitutional law. In recent years, there has been discussion about a constitutional amendment to change Haiti's stance against dual nationality; yet while feelings have begun to lean towards acceptance of dual citizenship, policy has yet to change. Legally, the 1987 constitution still stands, which states, ""Dual Haitian and foreign nationality is in no case permitted. "" The constitution also automatically negates Haitian citizenship with the acquisition of foreign citizenship, which strongly affects today's Haitian Diaspora. However, there is an exception. A child with Haitian parents born outside of Haiti may dually acquire the citizenship of their birth country. At the age of eighteen, the child must renounce one of their nationalities. Article 13 of the 1987 constitution explains how Haitian citizenship can be lost. (1)	Acquiring citizenship of a foreign country through naturalization (2)	Serving a foreign government in office (3)	If not a native Haitian but naturalized, residing abroad for three years without authorization. This loss is permanent Voluntarily withdrawing citizenship must take place before the Justice Department, Port-au-Prince, in Haiti. It is not possible to reclaim citizenship lost involuntarily. Transnationalism defies the common view of a state's populations remaining within its territorial boundaries. Similarly, cultural nationality is determined by a shared language, culture, believed ethnicity, etc. , transcending mere residence of a geographic locality. The growth of transnationalism with the development of globalization has reframed, not destroyed, the state; institutional practices and national identities are changing to adapt to the globalization of their people. Since the 1950s, there has been an increase in Haitian migration to places such as the United States to escape the political and economic repression of the Duvalier presidencies under François Duvalier, ""Papa Doc,"" (1957-71) and Jean-Claude Duvalier, ""Baby Doc,"" (1971-86). This migration phenomenon known as ""the Haitian Diaspora"" has developed to describe the thousands of Haitian nationals living outside of their territory. Generally losing their Haitian citizenship, these long distance nationals have come to act like ""transborder citizens,"" members to some degree of both states. There are legal, political, and social repercussions to this ""transnationalism. "" Dual citizenship is out of the question; Haitians living in a foreign country cannot get involved lest their ""Haitianism"" is questioned, yet by remaining faithful to their homeland, they cannot fully enjoy the citizenry benefits of the country of their sojourn. Haitian Americans have different status positions in American society based on their citizenship status: refugee, student (student visa), citizen, immigrant, visitor, and the undocumented person. These legal statuses have their own boundaries, but are not subject to influence by income or race status. Citizenship practices by Haitian immigrants in the Diaspora: ""(1) those processes linking the Diaspora to the homeland are transnational in that they move beyond the boundaries of the nation-state (2) individual migrants hold membership in more than one country and continue to be active in homeland affairs (3) the ‘politics of simultaneity,’ in which citizens participate in the affairs of two or more countries at the same time, replaces the ‘politics of secession’ prevalent in the duel citizenship context (4) these individuals claim or appropriate civil, political, social, and cultural rights in both countries (5) they develop bi-polar or multiple identities that reflect the border-crossing process they experience in their everyday life. "" Although these institutions may have good intentions, the political and financial instability of Haiti have restricted the potential effectiveness these programs are designed to have abroad. The Ministry for Haitian Communities Abroad created a database in 2000 recording the technical skills of those Haitians residing abroad. The idea is Haitian's loyalty and sense of belonging to the state—even as emigrants—will impel them to contribute to Haiti's national development. The emigration of these potentially productive citizens emphasized Haiti's ambivalent attitude toward their Diaspora. However, money from Haitian living abroad can be hugely beneficial; in the 1990s Haitian remittances were equal to 39 per cent of Haiti's national budget. Lionel Jean-Baptiste, a Haitian immigrant, was stripped of his U. S. citizenship and then denied entrance to Haiti, his homeland. After being held in a detention center for a drug-related crime in 2006, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that foreigners who could not be deported could not be held indefinitely, forcing the release of Baptiste. Baptiste was not issued a Haitian passport because by becoming a naturalized American, he had renounced his Haitian citizenship and thus was no longer considered Haitian. Blaustein, Albert P. , and Jay A. Sigler. Constitutions That Made History. New York: Paragon House, 1988. Brown, Gordon S. Toussaint's Clause: the Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1936 Fouron, Georges E. , and Schiller, Nina G. , Georges Woke Up Laughing: Long-Distance Nationalism and the Search for Home. London: Duke University Press, 2001. Fouron, Georges E. , and Schiller, Nina G. (1999) 'Terrains of Blood and Nation: Haitian Transnational Social Fields', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22:2, 340 - 366 Garrigus, John D. Before Haiti: Race and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Laguerre, Michel S. Diasporic Citizenship: Haitian Americans in Transnational America. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. Laguerre, Michel S. The Military and Society in Haiti. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1993. Levitt, Peggy and Rafael de la Dehesa. 2003. Transnational migration and the redefinition of the state: Variations and explanations. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26(4):587-611. Mackenzie, Charles. Notes on Haiti: Made During a Residence in That Republic. Vol. II. London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd. , 1830. McLeod, Marc C. ""Undesirable Aliens: Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism in the Comparison of Haitian and British West Indian Workers in Cuba, 1912-1939. "" Journal of Social History (1998): 599-614. Mintz, Sidney W. ""Introduction. "" Introduction. The Haitian People. By James G. Leyburn. New Haven: Yale UP, 1966. v-xlviii. Plummer, Brenda G. Haiti and the Great Powers, 1902-1915. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1988. Redden, Kenneth R. , ed. ""The Legal System of Haiti. "" Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia. Buffalo, New York: William S. Hein & Co. , Law Publisher, 1989.,  History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship  2010-09-27T18:23:45Z   The Republic of Haiti is located on the island Hispaniola in the Caribbean. Haiti gained its independence from France in the first successful slave rebellion in the Americas, and their identification as conquerors of a racially repressed society is a theme echoed throughout Haiti's history. Their roots as a slave colony are embedded in their national identity. Haiti has a unique history of racial ideology. During its colonial period, class structure shifted from one based on wealth, to divisions distinguished by race. Once accepted as elite, families of African descent were rejected because of racist stereotypes. This regression shaped the evolution of the Haitian Revolution as peoples of African descent rose up against the white colonial planters. Haitians are primarily of African descent but a lot of Haitians are also of the indigenous Taino descent (Arawak native Indians) which inhabited the island prior to Christopher Columbus's arrival. The Taino were nearly whipped out due to diseases the Europeans brought with them and because of cruel practices including slavery. The Tainos fled to the mountains just before the Africans arrived on the island. Mixing between the remaining Tainos and some of the Africans occurred and it is believed a lot of Haitians in present day have some ancestral links to the indigenous Tainos. As part of the French Empire, nationality in Saint-Domingue, present day Haiti, was based on a mixture of economics and race, combining white planter elite, black slaves, and free black planters. Haiti was unusual, as it was the only slave society in the Americas with a significant population of free black planters. Unlike most colonial slave societies, status was based on economics rather than race, creating a unified master class of both races. ""Whereas the freedmen in all other slave societies entered at the lowest ranks of free society, in the French West Indies they were often permitted to enter the class of plantation owners from the beginning. "" Officially, imperial policy and the inequality of slavery's distribution of freedom and wealth excluded all blacks from the civil, public sphere of society. However, those with little or no official power were able to use public law to fight for their security in liberty and justice. For example, many slaves were able to use the French Code Noir marriage provision and claim independence. There was no fine line between the races as interracial relationships were not uncommon; colonists often had sexual relations with their slaves, generally recognizing the paternity of their children and freeing them from slavery. Men and women who escaped slavery were able to assert themselves in civil society; the opportunity to advance economically was not reserved for white Europeans. Also known as ""The Black Code"", this set of laws was written in 1685 concerning the governance of the French American Islands. It determined and regulated the status of different social classes. King Louis XIV composed these laws to assert French presence in his Caribbean territories, and to assert Christianity and control over the free black population. Its purpose was to regulate hours of work and food distribution, limitations of punishments, and formally limit slave-owners' otherwise arbitrary power. The Code expelled all Jews, forced all slaves to be baptized, and made provisions concerning the citizenship status of freed blacks. According to Article 59, emancipated blacks were to be granted the same privileges as native-born French subjects. Article LIX. We grant to manumitted slaves the same rights, privileges and liberties enjoyed by persons born free; desiring that they merit this acquired liberty and that it produce in them, both for their persons and for their property, the same effects that the good fortune of natural liberty causes in our other subjects. Yet freed blacks generally suffered worse conditions than those enslaved. All blacks were considered public property, so although they were not tied to a single master, all blacks suffered under racial laws. When the Seven Years' War ended in 1763, a shift in French colonist's self-identity due to the ensuing political conflicts redefined a line between the races. In an effort to reaffirm their French identity politically and culturally, white colonists defined their bond with the metropole through race. Colonists and imperial administrators created a new public sphere in by which people were unfit for civil life based on their constructed racial sexual stereotypes; those that were unfit were not allowed to practice their citizenship rights. Resentful of black success, the colonial elite segregated themselves from their counterparts, the wealthy Creole and ex-slave families, by using race instead of wealth to classify their high level of society. For example, everyone, regardless of wealth, who had one African grandparent had to identify themselves as ""quarteron,"" a person of color. Colonial administration used racism as a tool in developing a Saint-Domingue identity. The French law of colonial citizenship being fully ""white"" was influenced by the enlightenment's emphasis on the purity of ‘whiteness. "" The French Constitution of 1791 specifically left out French territories: The French colonies and possessions in Asia, Africa, and America, although they form part of the French dominion, are not in the present constitution. By excluding Haiti in this Constitution, which contained the Declaration of the Rights of Man, Haiti was denied the same rights as other French subjects. As a new definition French Citizenship was developing with the progression of the French Revolution, elite men of color began to fight for their rights as citizens. The development of Haitian nationality is marked by its declaration of independence on January 1, 1804. The Caribbean island won its independence from France after a period of harsh colonial rule in the first successful slave rebellion, making Haiti the second independent country in North America after the United States. As ideas of the French Revolution spread, a movement against the oppressive Black Code developed. The Free Colored Narrative: In the first century after independence, descendants of the wealthy black planter elite ruled Haiti. These ""mulatrist"" historians supported a narrative of the Haitian Revolution that focused on the free colored revolutionaries. As their ancestors had been leaders of the revolution, it followed naturally that the superior elite planters of mixed race should lead the new Haiti. ""Mulatrists"" went so far as to claim they could not be guilty of racism towards the darker skinned constituency because they had suffered under French racism. In 1788, the Society of the Friends of the Blacks, an abolitionist group, formed in Paris to reform the harsh racial laws in Saint-Domingue. With support from wealthy free black planters such as Julien Raimond, the Society of the Friends of the Blacks took the issue to trial. Instead of outright arguing against the slave trade, Raimond and the Society campaigned for the recognition of citizenship for mixed-race colonists. In 1791, the very same Paris legislation who voted on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen ruled in favor of the society, granting voting rights to free blacks, albeit limited voting rights. Unable to tolerate this decision as it would destabilize the slave regime, white colonialists reacted in violence, only to start a civil war with the free and enslaved black people of Haiti. It was this ""mulatto"" oligarchy that led Haitians through their Revolution from France. The ""Black"" Revolutionary Narrative: By the twentieth century, this view had shifted to focus on the slave rebellion and its ex-slave leaders like Louverture and Dessalines. This ""black"" Revolutionary narrative served to promote Haitian national identity, focusing on the strength of a colonial repressed society rather than its leaders. Haiti even adopted a new national anthem ""La Dessalines"", promoting the culture of the rural majority. When England and Spain invaded in 1793, they were defeated by ex-slave Toussaint Louverture, leader of the French and native army. As the white and black populations mobilized against one another, Louverture led the oppressed slaves in the Haitian Revolution, naming himself Governor-General for Life in the 1801 Constitution. Fighting between blacks and whites would continue, as Napoleon sent General Charles Lecerc to arrest Louverture and re-instate slavery. In 1803, another rebellion against the French colonists was led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines. The successful rebellion ended the civil war in 1804 with the Declaration of Haitian Independence and Dessalines was proclaimed Emperor of Haiti in 1804. Recognizing Haiti as a nation was difficult for those countries that did not want to be associated with a free slave society. In dealing with foreign policy, Haiti wanted to be seen as an equal nation. Haiti granted automatic citizenship to anyone of African or Amerindian origin, and even went so far as to invite these oppressed peoples to settle in Haiti. Their fight to be recognized reflects the Haitian desire to be equal, and thus free. France recognized Haitian independence in 1825. This recognition was indirect, ""masked by a degree of doublespeak that would have made Talleyrand proud"", and only transpired after a Haiti paid huge reparations. However, Haiti was able to open normal relations with their former colonizers. Prior to the Haitian Revolution, Haiti had been the United States' second largest trading partner, second only to Great Britain. However, in the early nineteenth century America was very much a slave society, and balked at the idea of supporting a slave revolt that took over a nation. The United States was divided; merchants wanted to continue trade while southern slave owners wanted to isolate or even repress the new Haitians. Until Jean-Pierre Boyer unified Haiti in 1820, commercial relations were limited. As the American Civil War progressed and the United States' stance on black liberation began to shift, so did their views of Haiti and Liberia (another free black country). As an imperialistic nation, the US had trouble with a nation that granted civil status to whom they deemed unworthy; while they had slavery, the US could not recognize Haiti. If any good reason exists why we should persevere longer in withholding our recognition of the sovereignty and independence of Haiti and Liberia, I am unable to discern it. . . It does not admit of doubt that important commercial advantages may be obtained by treaties with them. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln officially recognized Haiti and Liberia as independent and sovereign, and signed a treaty of amity and commerce in 1865. The subsequent black Haitian ambassador in Washington, D. C. was recognized as an equal in American politics. Prior to Haitian independence, Saint Domingue was a colony under French rule, but laws were made specifically for Saint Domingue as a colony. For example: However, after the 1789 Revolution, all developments in French law also pertained to Saint Domingue as a colony came under a more direct empirical ruling. The important developments of this time period are: Louverture's 1801 Constitution freed all slaves, but required their presence on the island as workers. Similarly, Dessaline's 1805 constitution held racial laws: Haitians (all considered black) could not marry white foreigners. This ended the authoritative regime of Dessalines, creating three separate branches of government. This changed the relationship btw the citizen and the state, empowering the citizen. However, the legislative branch represented by the Senate remained the most powerful. Lasting until 1843, this constitution leveled the power of the three branches and brought in civil ideas from the French declaration in 1789 of fundamental rights. In 1825, Haiti established the first Haitian Civil Code, adopted mainly in part from the Napoleonic Code. Two years later the Code of Civil Procedure, the Rural Code, and the Commercial Code were established; these are the foundations of Haiti's legal system today. When Riviere Harard unified Haiti, he abolished the law criminalizing Haitian and white foreign marriage. Adopted during US occupation, this Constitution focused on property rights of foreigners. Previously, to ensure against foreign white domination, no white foreigner was permitted to own real estate. Contrastingly, all black foreigners could easily acquire Haitian nationality. In 1918, foreigners, regardless of race, could own land for business or residency purposes, losing those rights five years after that purpose ended. Article 88 gave power directly to the citizen constituency, as the President of the Republic would now be directly voted upon by citizens. The follow is found in Article 21: Citizenship. Note: citizens over the age of 18 are entitled to civil and political rights; not all Haitians are citizens. This article is concerned with the principla of equality for all Haitians, including but not limited to freedom of speech (except during wartime), worship and peaceful assembly (excluding public assembly which must be authorized); with an overall umbrella of individual freedoms guaranteed by the state (for example, extradition for political reasons is prohibited). Haitian society has been sharply divided since its independence in 1804. The rural agricultural sector, composing as much as 95% of the population, makes up the base of this society. The elite are then left to dominate national institutions and the governmental apparatus. These two sections are kept separate by income, source of income, language, education, religion, etc. Militarism and republican nationalism formed the basis by which Haitian society was aligned, granting the elite class legitimate power. They live in rural areas, are poor, and work the land for a living. They believe in Vodou so practice common law marriage, sometimes even polygamy, and generally speak only Creole. Isolated from the outside world, these poor farmers are illiterate and uneducated. Most noticeably, they are (for the most part) darker in skin tone than the elite. This merchant and professional class dominates urban society. They speak French as well as Creole (the national language) and are sent to institutions of higher learning abroad. Catholicism is the principal religion, so most marriages are religiously affiliated, thus ""western"" and ""modern. "" This elite, lighter-skinned class, views themselves as aristocracy, and distances themselves from a shared Haitian history. Until 1915, Haiti followed an isolationist policy. However, in 1915 the United States invaded Haiti and kept occupation until 1934. During this time, interest in Haitian nationality broadened to embrace the rural majority's ""black"" culture. A Haitian historical society was founded in 1924, with a focus on their history through the ""Black Slave Rebellion"" narrative of the Haitian Revolution. Louverture and Dessalines became ""great slave revolutionaries"", showing the world the power of colonized peoples. ""By the 1970s…had begun to think of their homeland in terms that transcended mere nostalgic attachment to a particular outpost of empire. The new… nationalism precipitates strong tensions between conservative and radical elements within local intelligentsias. Here too, the Haitian experience of the early 1900s, with its armed conflict…Finally, the accelerated urbanization and migration experienced in Haiti, which resulted from the centralizing tendencies of the state, import-dependency, and the extreme exploitation of labor, …trends in the global economy created the impetus for a massive population exodus after World War II. "" Since the US occupation, Haiti has been unable to establish an independent civilian police force as an entity separate from the army. Every attempt to do so has resulted in a military overthrow of the presidency. Haitian Civil-Military Relations: This section focuses on the situation of immigrant Haitian laborers in Cuba from 1912 to 1939. Due to the United States occupation of Haiti, many Haitians left to find work as laborers in neighboring countries like Cuba. These immigrants lived a fine line trying to maintain their Haitian culture and assimilating enough to be able to work and live in a foreign society. In 1937, over 25,000 Haitians were forcibly removed from Cuba and shipped back to Haiti, while other immigrant workers from the British West Indies were allowed to stay. This different treatment of migrant laborers is due to several factors (revolution, religion, and sexuality), all pertaining to nationality. Cuban racists beliefs combined with economic concerns were a direct catalyst for this drastic Haitian exodus. Cubans feared a reply of the Haitian Revolution, which was not quelled by the current guerilla warfare in Haiti by the caco forces against the Americans. Similarly, Haitians were stereotyped as being violent and rife with crime. Fear of African religions was only perpetuated by the Haitian practice of voudun which was often mistaken for ""witchcraft. "" A rise in prostitution was blamed on Antillean immigration, and Haitians were considered riddled with diseases that spread to the native Cuban population. When compared to the immigrants from the British West Indies, Haitians did not assimilate into Cuban society nearly as well. Due to several reasons, this is why it was easier for Cuba to dispel Haitians without disrupting society to such a great extent. Haitians remained in tight-nit communities and kept their national identities as Haitian, while those from the Indies assimilated and became Cuban themselves. Language, self-imposed segregation, education, and religion kept Haitians isolated in separated rural communities. The vast majority of Haitians spoke French Creole, while the British islanders spoke English, as did the U. S. sugar mill manages and many of the upper class Cubans. This enabled many Indians to look for upper management jobs and move outside the realm of basic labor, while Haitians were immobile and remained in agricultural labor. Haitians lived in small communities near the sugar cane plantations, very rural and removed from Cuban populations. Contrastingly, British Indians settled in the cities and assimilated into Cuban society. Economic restraints amongst Haitians kept education informal and contained in their small communities, as such, very few Haitians had anything above a basic level of Creole literacy. This enabled Haitians to keep control over the cultural values their children received. British West Indian immigrants, who were generally already literate in English, put their children in formal schooling. While the tight Haitian communities were maintained through the generations, islanders assimilated through their children. Voodoo, the native Haitian religion, is decentralized and flexible. The rituals involved in voodoo strengthen community ties and help the oppressed Haitians deal with their suffering. Immigrants from the British West Indies assimilated almost immediately into the Cuban Episcopal Church. This led to more formal organizations, and a distancing from their national ties. All citizenship laws in effect today are from the Constitution of Haiti ratified in 1987. A person born in Haiti does not automatically receive citizenship. A child, regardless of where they are born, is considered Haitian if either their mother or father is a native-born citizen of Haiti. Naturalization is possible, yet can only be obtained after a continuous period of Haitian residence for five years. A naturalized citizen has the right to vote, but is not eligible to hold public office until five years after their date of naturalization, excluding those offices reserved for native-born Haitians by Constitutional law. In recent years, there has been discussion about a constitutional amendment to change Haiti's stance against dual nationality; yet while feelings have begun to lean towards acceptance of dual citizenship, policy has yet to change. Legally, the 1987 constitution still stands, which states, ""Dual Haitian and foreign nationality is in no case permitted. "" The constitution also automatically negates Haitian citizenship with the acquisition of foreign citizenship, which strongly affects today's Haitian Diaspora. However, there is an exception. A child with Haitian parents born outside of Haiti may dually acquire the citizenship of their birth country. At the age of eighteen, the child must renounce one of their nationalities. Article 13 of the 1987 constitution explains how Haitian citizenship can be lost. Voluntarily withdrawing citizenship must take place before the Justice Department, Port-au-Prince, in Haiti. It is not possible to reclaim citizenship lost involuntarily. Transnationalism defies the common view of a state's populations remaining within its territorial boundaries. Similarly, cultural nationality is determined by a shared language, culture, believed ethnicity, etc. , transcending mere residence of a geographic locality. The growth of transnationalism with the development of globalization has reframed, not destroyed, the state; institutional practices and national identities are changing to adapt to the globalization of their people. Since the 1950s, there has been an increase in Haitian migration to places such as the United States to escape the political and economic repression of the Duvalier presidencies under François Duvalier, ""Papa Doc,"" (1957–71) and Jean-Claude Duvalier, ""Baby Doc,"" (1971–86). This migration phenomenon known as ""the Haitian Diaspora"" has developed to describe the thousands of Haitian nationals living outside of their territory. Generally losing their Haitian citizenship, these long distance nationals have come to act like ""transborder citizens,"" members to some degree of both states. There are legal, political, and social repercussions to this ""transnationalism. "" Dual citizenship is out of the question; Haitians living in a foreign country cannot get involved lest their ""Haitianism"" is questioned, yet by remaining faithful to their homeland, they cannot fully enjoy the citizenry benefits of the country of their sojourn. Haitian Americans have different status positions in American society based on their citizenship status: refugee, student (student visa), citizen, immigrant, visitor, and the undocumented person. These legal statuses have their own boundaries, but are not subject to influence by income or race status. Citizenship practices by Haitian immigrants in the Diaspora: Although these institutions may have good intentions, the political and financial instability of Haiti have restricted the potential effectiveness these programs are designed to have abroad. The Ministry for Haitian Communities Abroad created a database in 2000 recording the technical skills of those Haitians residing abroad. The idea is Haitian's loyalty and sense of belonging to the state—even as emigrants—will impel them to contribute to Haiti's national development. The emigration of these potentially productive citizens emphasized Haiti's ambivalent attitude toward their Diaspora. However, money from Haitian living abroad can be hugely beneficial; in the 1990s Haitian remittances were equal to 39 per cent of Haiti's national budget. Lionel Jean-Baptiste, a Haitian immigrant, was stripped of his U. S. citizenship and then denied entrance to Haiti, his homeland. After being held in a detention center for a drug-related crime in 2006, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that foreigners who could not be deported could not be held indefinitely, forcing the release of Baptiste. Baptiste was not issued a Haitian passport because by becoming a naturalized American, he had renounced his Haitian citizenship and thus was no longer considered Haitian.",0
Matthew Margeson,"Matthew Margeson  2017-01-03T14:37:15Z  Matthew Margeson (born June 9, 1980) is an American composer who collaborated with Henry Jackman. He is a member of Remote Control Productions by Hans Zimmer. ,  Matthew Margeson  2018-11-04T23:13:33Z  Matthew Margeson (born June 9, 1980) is an American composer, musician, and arranger of film, television, and video game scores. He is a member of Hans Zimmer's Remote Control Productions, and has been a frequent collaborator of fellow composer Henry Jackman on films like Kick-Ass 2, Kingsman: The Secret Service, and its sequel.",1
Romiit Raaj,"Romiit Raaj  2017-04-29T21:09:50Z  Romit Raj (born on 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. He also acted in Humdum which was released on 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released on 4 May 2007. Currently he is playing the role of Varun in the Indian courtroom drama Adaalat. Recent actions showed that he left Adaalat for some reason but on 4/10/13, he confirmed his arrival back to the show. Raj lived in Mumbai from when he was a year old until he was 10. It was in Kolkata where he started his modeling career and completed his education. He actively took part in school and college plays and also got the opportunity to work in Bengali telefilm and television serials with reputed directors of Bengal. In 2002 he moved back to Mumbai. He played the character Yuvraj in Ghar ki Lakshmi Betiyaan and Jeet in Maayka. To him, this industry is a family in itself away from family where love, respect, care, hatred and emotions does exist. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. Raaj is married to Tina Kakkar. On 30 April 2012, she gave birth a girl named Rehaa Raj. Rishtey Awards,  Romiit Raaj  2018-12-29T04:56:09Z  Romit Raj (born on 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. He also acted in Humdum which was released on 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released on 4 May 2007. In a nail biting TV series called Adaalat that was aired from 2011 he played the role of Varun. . Recent actions showed that he left Adaalat for some reason but on 4/10/13, he confirmed his arrival back to the show. Raj lived in Mumbai from when he was a year old until he was 10. It was in Kolkata where he started his modeling career and completed his education. He actively took part in school and college plays and also got the opportunity to work in Bengali telefilm and television serials with directors of West Bengal. In 2002 he moved back to Mumbai. He played the character Yuvraj in Ghar ki Lakshmi Betiyaan and Jeet in Maayka. To him, this industry is a family in itself away from family where love, respect, care, hatred and emotions does exist. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. Raaj is married to Tina Kakkar. On 30 April 2012, she gave birth a girl named Rehaa Raj. Rishtey Awards",1
Sathish,"Sathish  2018-01-07T12:05:33Z  Sathish Muthukrishnan (born 22 May 1987) is an Indian film actor working in the Tamil film industry. He made a breakthrough portraying a role alongside Sivakarthikeyan in Ethir Neechal (2013). Sathish worked with Crazy Mohan in his theatre troupe for eight years, honing his histrionics and acting, while also helping write dialogues for his productions and acting in their stage play ""Chocolate Krishna"". A. L. Vijay made him a co-dialogue writer for Poi Solla Porom (2008), before offering him an acting role in Madrasapattinam (2010). Sathish received rave reviews for his role in Senthil Kumar's Ethir Neechal portraying Peter, with a critic noting that Sivakarthikeyan and Sathish ""complement each other’s comic timing"". His next notable role was as an IT professional Sandy in Maan Karate, written by AR Murugadoss. He played an important role in Kaththi, co-starring Vijay in the lead role. ,  Sathish  2019-12-31T03:29:31Z  Sathish Muthukrishnan (born 23 May 1987) is an Indian film actor and comedian working in the Tamil film industry. He made a breakthrough portraying a role alongside Sivakarthikeyan in Ethir Neechal (2013). He won Edison Award for Best Comedian for his performance in Kaththi (2014), Thangamagan (2015) and Remo (2016) and Edison Award for Best Appearance for the film Tamizh Padam 2 (2018). Sathish worked with Crazy Mohan in his theatre troupe for eight years, honing his histrionics and acting, while also helping write dialogues for his productions and acting in their stage play ""Chocolate Krishna"". A. L. Vijay made him a co-dialogue writer for Poi Solla Porom (2008), before offering him an acting role in Madrasapattinam (2010), but his debut was in the movie Jerry (2006) where he played a small role named fariq where he was shown in two shots without any dialogue. In 2013 he appeared in Senthil Kumar's Ethir Neechal portraying Peter, with a critic noting that Sivakarthikeyan and Sathish ""complement each other’s comic timing"". His next notable role was as an IT professional Sandy in Maan Karate, written by AR Murugadoss. He played an important role in Kaththi, co-starring Vijay in the lead role.",1
La_Cuisinière,"La_Cuisinière  2007-10-29T21:13:12Z   La Cuisinière was a song written by Mary Bolduc and released by the Starr Record Company on her fourth record, alongside Johnny Monfarleau. Although it was her fourth release, this was her first alJe vais vous dire quelques motsbum to achieve any commercial success. La Cuisinière was very successful, sellingtwelve thousand copies in Quebec, which was unprecedented sales for a record at the time. The success of the song made Bolduc a household name in Quebec. The song tells of the encounters of a domestic servant with various suitors. The overall tone is humourous. This follows a long tradition of French comedic folk songs dealing with rejected suitors. The lyrics are set in five versus, each of four lines. Each verse ends with the phrase: Hourra pour la cuisinière. The general rhyming scheme is rhyming couplets, with the first two and second two lines of each verse rhyming. The last two lines do not rhyme, however. The melody follows an AABC pattern, where A, B and C are musical phrases that last four bars. Canadian folk songs of the time often employed 16 bar phrases such as this, and it would have been a common pattern in the Gaspé logging camps where Bolduc first performed publicly. The melody itself comes from a folk tune in Acadia. The pitch range is a ninth, common for such folk songs. The song shows some influence from broadside ballads, a traditional Irish song type. It has a very regular pattern that both the music and the lyrics follow. It also opens with the phrase Je vais vous dire quelques mots which is very similar to the traditional opening of broadside ballads, O come ye listen to my story. The influence of French folk music can be seen in the use of enumeration and assonance. ,  La_Cuisinière  2007-11-19T17:20:06Z   La Cuisinière is a song written by Mary Bolduc and released by the Starr Record Company on her fourth record, alongside Johnny Monfarleau. Although it was her fourth release, this was her first record to achieve any commercial success. La Cuisinière was very successful, selling twelve thousand copies in Quebec, which was unprecedented sales for a record at the time. The success of the song made Bolduc a household name in Quebec. The song tells of the encounters of a domestic servant with various suitors. The overall tone is humourous. This follows a long tradition of French comedic folk songs dealing with rejected suitors. The lyrics are set in five versus, each of four lines. Each verse ends with the phrase: Hourra pour la cuisinière. The general rhyming scheme is rhyming couplets, with the first two and second two lines of each verse rhyming. The last two lines do not rhyme, however. The melody follows an AABC pattern, where A, B and C are musical phrases that last four bars. Canadian folk songs of the time often employed 16 bar phrases such as this, and it would have been a common pattern in the Gaspé logging camps where Bolduc first performed publicly. The melody itself comes from a folk tune in Acadia. The pitch range is a ninth, common for such folk songs. The song shows some influence from broadside ballads, a traditional Irish song type. It has a very regular pattern that both the music and the lyrics follow. It also opens with the phrase Je vais vous dire quelques mots which is very similar to the traditional opening of broadside ballads, O come ye listen to my story. The influence of French folk music can be seen in the use of enumeration and assonance.",0
Exploding_White_Mice,"Exploding_White_Mice  2010-04-03T07:22:49Z   Exploding White Mice were a punk-pop band from Adelaide, Australia in the 1980s. Their name was taken from a scene in the film Rock 'N' Roll High School, in which a laboratory mouse spontaneously explodes upon being exposed to the music of The Ramones, the band's foremost influence. Other major influences include Rocket to Russia and Radio Birdman. Exploding White Mice got its start in 1983 in Adelaide when Paul Gilchrist (vocals) played a one-off show as a cover band with Andy MacQueen (bass), Gerry Barrett (guitar) and Craig Rodda (drums) at a party. It was Paul's first band; Andy had previously been in the bands The Deviants and the Crunch Pets, and Craig drummed for the Screaming Believers. The show went well enough that the group decided to play together regularly. One of these shows was attended by Giles Barrow, who was the guitarist for the bands Zippy & The Coneheads and Kaos. He ended up joining the group on rhythm guitar. In 1984 they began playing regularly in Adelaide at the Cathedral Hotel; Gerry left near year's end and was replaced by former Spitfire and Tombstone Shadow member Jeff Stephens. At this point in the group's history, they were primarily still a cover band, but soon after began working on originals. After adding another former member of Zippy & the Coneheads, David Bunney, the group released an EP, 1985's A Nest of Vipers, on Australia's Greasy Pop Records. Sydney rock publication RAM named the album the best Australian record of the year in 1986. The record saw release in the US on Bigtime Records, under the name In the Nest of Vipers, but despite selling several thousand copies there, the group received no royalties because Bigtime went out of business soon after. 1986 and 1987 saw the group touring regularly in major Australian cities and putting out 7"" singles, and in 1988 they readied their debut LP, Brute Force and Ignorance, which had been recorded at Soundtrack Studios in Kent Towne. Shortly before the release of the record, Giles Barrow left the group and was replaced by Dave Mason, formerly of Primevils, and in 1989 Jack Jacomos replaced Dave in turn. In 1990 the group toured Europe and released a half-studio, half-live self-titled LP on Normal Records. Shortly after, Gilchrist left the group and Jeff Stephens took over on lead vocals; David's brother Andrew Bunney replaced Stephen on guitar. In the summer of 1991 they began recording again at Soundtrack Studios. However, when the Greasy Pop label went out of business that year, they could not find a local distributor for the album, and ended up releasing the record on Normal Records in Germany and NKVD Records in the United States. The group's final release was 1994's We Walk Alone, on Au Go-Go.,  Exploding_White_Mice  2012-08-05T20:24:13Z   Exploding White Mice were an Australian punk-pop band from Adelaide which formed in 1983 with Paul Gilchrist on vocals, Andy MacQueen on bass guitar, Gerry Barrett on guitar, Craig Rodda on drums and Giles Barrow on rhythm guitar. In 1984 Barrett was replaced by Jeff Stephens on guitar – later also on lead vocals. In 1985 Rodda was replaced on drums by David Bunney. The group released four studio albums, Brute Force and Ignorance (August 1988), Exploding White Mice (1990), Collateral Damage (1992) and We Walk Alone (1994). The band toured Europe twice before disbanding in April 1999. Exploding White Mice were formed in 1983 in Adelaide when Paul Gilchrist on vocals played a one-off show as a cover band at a party with Andy MacQueen on bass guitar (ex-The Deviants, Crunch Pets), Gerry Barrett on guitar (Del Webb Explosion) and Craig Rodda on drums (Screaming Believers). The band's name was taken from a scene in the 1979 film Rock 'n' Roll High School, where a laboratory mouse spontaneously explodes upon exposure to music by The Ramones. Aside from The Ramones other major influences include Radio Birdman, MC5, The Stooges, Johnny Thunders and American 1960s garage punk. The party gig went so well that the group decided to play regularly. One show was attended by Giles Barrow, who joined on rhythm guitar. In 1984 they started a residency at the Cathedral Hotel. Barrett left near year's end and was replaced on guitar by Jeff Stephens (Firm Grip, Spitfire, Tombstone Shadow). Initially Exploding White Mice were a covers band, then they began working on original tunes. In 1985 after adding David Bunney on drums (Zippy & the Coneheads), they released a six-track extended play, A Nest of Vipers, on Australia's Greasy Pop Records. It was produced by Kim Horne. Also in 1985 their track, ""Down on the Street"" appeared on the label's compilation album, An Oasis in a Desert of Noise. In 1986 Sydney rock publication, RAM, named Nest of Vipers as the best Australian record of the year. The record was issued in the US on Bigtime Records, renamed as In the Nest of Vipers, but despite selling several thousand copies, the group received no royalties as Bigtime became insolvent soon after. During 1986 and 1987 the group regularly toured major Australian cities and put out 7"" singles. In March 1987 they issued the single, ""Blaze of Glory"" with a B-side being a cover of John Kongos' hit, ""He's Gonna Step On You Again"". In August 1988 they issued their debut LP, Brute Force and Ignorance, which had been recorded and engineered by Cran Wilton at Soundworks Studios in Kent Town. Shortly before its release, Barrow left and was replaced by Dave Mason, formerly of Primevils. In 1989 Jack Jacomos replaced Mason in turn. In 1990 the group toured Europe and released a half-studio, half-live self-titled LP on Normal Records. Shortly after, Gilchrist left and Stephens took over on lead vocals. In early 1991 they began recording a new album, Collateral Damage, again at Soundworks Studios. However, when the Greasy Pop label went out of business that year, they could not find a local distributor and released it in 1992 on Normal Records in Germany and NKVD Records in the United States. David's brother Andrew Bunney (Zippy and the Coneheads) joined on rhythm guitar. The group's final album was 1994's We Walk Alone, on Au Go Go Records, Lucky Records (US), Subway (Europe) and 12"" LP Rock & Roll Inc 008 (Spain). The group had a cameo appearance on John Winter's 1994 film The Roly Poly Man portraying a ""punk-rock bar-band from Hell"". In 1995 they re-released Nest of Vipers with bonus tracks on Bastard Records. In 1996 they issued a single, ""Prepare to Die"", toured Europe with German band, The Richies. Exploding White Mice disbanded in April 1999. From 1985, Gerry Bennett joined Dust Collection – a psychedelic and garage-punk covers band – which performed a 25th anniversary gig in September 2009. In 1997, Andrew Bunney co-produced a five-track EP, Loose, for Adelaide-based punk rockers, The Gels, which was issued on Bastard Records. In 2002 Jeff Stephens co-produced two tracks for The Gels' five-track EP, Somebody Someday. In August 2003, Stephens co-produced that group's debut album, Never Mind the Title, Here's The Gels, which was launched in November. The track, ""We Don't Get no Radio Play"" featured an excerpt from Exploding White Mice's ""Enemies"". As of March 2012, Jack Jacomos worked as a mental health nurse.",0
Kelsey Grammer,"Kelsey Grammer  2019-01-04T04:13:14Z  Allen Kelsey Grammer (born February 21, 1955) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, singer, producer, director, writer and activist, best known for his two-decade-long portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the NBC sitcoms Cheers and Frasier. He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and one Tony Award, and has also worked as a television producer, director, writer, and as a voice actor on The Simpsons as Sideshow Bob (for which he received his fifth Primetime Emmy). He also recently won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program for his voice work in Guillermo del Toro's award-winning series Trollhunters. Grammer was born February 21, 1955, in Charlotte Amalie, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, the son of Sally (née Cranmer; 1928–2008), a singer and actress, and Frank Allen Grammer, Jr. (d. 1968), a musician and owner of a coffee shop and a bar and grill called Greer's Place. He had one younger sister. Grammer was two years old when his parents divorced. Grammer and his sister Karen were subsequently raised by their mother and grandparents in New Jersey. The family relocated to Florida, and shortly afterwards his grandfather died when Kelsey was twelve. Two years later, in 1968, Frank Allen Grammer, his father, was murdered. In 1975, his sister Karen was raped and murdered after a work shift at the age of 18. In 1980, his two half-brothers died while scuba diving in the Virgin Islands. Grammer attended Pine Crest School, a private preparatory school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It was there that he first began to sing and perform on stage. From the age of 16, with his mother's approval, he began to smoke a pipe. Grammer won a scholarship to the prestigious Juilliard School. He was a member of Group 6, 1973–1975. He failed to attend classes and was eventually expelled. After leaving Juilliard, Grammer had a three-year internship with the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in the late 1970s before a stint in 1980 at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He made his Broadway debut in 1981 as ""Lennox"" in Macbeth, taking the lead role when Philip Anglim withdrew after receiving negative reviews. Grammer then played Michael Cassio in a Broadway revival of Othello, with James Earl Jones and Christopher Plummer. In 1983 he performed in the demo of the Stephen Sondheim–James Lapine production Sunday in the Park with George, starring Mandy Patinkin. In 2000, Grammer again played Macbeth on Broadway, in a production that closed after only 10 days. On April 18, 2010, Grammer made his Broadway musical debut playing the role of Georges in a revival of the Jerry Herman/Harvey Fierstein musical La Cage aux Folles, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical. Grammer originated the roles of Charles Frohman and Captain Hook in the Broadway premiere of the musical Finding Neverland in March 2015, continuing with the roles through June 28, 2015. He returned to the stage from January 19 to April 3, 2016. Most recently he made an appearance in the West End production of Big Fish. Grammer's television career began in the early 1980s when he portrayed Stephen Smith in the NBC miniseries Kennedy. Grammer came to broader public attention in 1984 as Dr. Frasier Crane in the NBC sitcom Cheers. Grammer's former Juilliard classmate and Broadway co-star Patinkin suggested Grammer to the New York casting director, and he got what was supposed to be a six-episode job, but ended up as a regular cast member until May 1993, when the show ended. In September 1993 the character became the center of the spin-off Frasier, one of the most successful spin-offs in TV history. In addition to starring, he also directed more than 30 episodes, especially during the second half of the series, and sang the closing theme ""Tossed Salads and Scrambled Eggs."" Frasier was nominated for and won many awards during its 11-year run, concluding in May 2004. In 2001, he negotiated a US $700,000-per-episode salary for Frasier. His 20-year run playing Dr. Frasier Crane ties a length set by James Arness in playing Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975 but was surpassed by Richard Belzer in playing Det. John Munch on Homicide: Life on the Street and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1993. Frasier Crane also had a crossover appearance in 1993 Wings episode ""Planes, Trains, & Visiting Cranes"". In 2004, Grammer starred as Ebenezer Scrooge in the well-received made-for-television film adaptation of the stage musical of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol. In 2005, Grammer returned to television. He produced and appeared in an American adaptation of the British show The Sketch Show, which aired on Fox. The main cast consisted of Malcolm Barrett, Kaitlin Olson, Mary Lynn Rajskub and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as Lee Mack from the British version of the show. Grammer appeared in only short opening and closing segments in each episode. Many of the sketches from the British version were re-created, such as the ""California Dreamin'"", ""English Course"", and ""Sign Language"" sketches. Only six episodes of the show were made, and it was canceled after only four of them had aired. In 2007, Grammer starred with Patricia Heaton in the American sitcom Back to You. It was canceled by Fox after its first season. His next attempt, ABC's Hank, fared even worse. It was canceled after only five episodes had aired. Grammer later commented, ""Honestly, it just wasn't very funny."" In 2011 and 2012, Grammer starred in the Starz drama series Boss as a fictional mayor of Chicago in the mold of Richard J. Daley which premiered in October 2011. It was his first dramatic TV series. At the 2012 Golden Globe Awards Kelsey Grammer won the award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama for his role on Boss. The show ran for 18 episodes over two seasons. Grammer played a villain in the Paramount's Transformers movies' fourth installment, Transformers: Age of Extinction, starring Mark Wahlberg. Grammer paired up with comedian/actor Martin Lawrence to star in the comedy Partners for Lionsgate TV. The Lionsgate-produced show was written and executive produced by Robert L. Boyett and Robert Horn, known for writing hit shows like Family Matters, Living Single, Full House, Designing Women, and Perfect Strangers. In addition to being producer, he guest-starred as the Angel of Death on Medium, and Captain Morgan Bateson in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode ""Cause and Effect"". Grammer was also the featured guest on long running BBC Radio 4 programme, Desert Island Discs, in December 2017. Grammer's well-known voice and mid-Atlantic accent make him popular for voiceover work. He has provided the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons, winning an Emmy Award for his work in the episode ""The Italian Bob"", his fifth Emmy win. He has appeared in eighteen episodes from the show's inception in 1989 through 2015's ""Treehouse of Horror XXVI"", in which his character finally succeeded in killing Bart Simpson in one segment (""Wanted: Dead, then Alive""). Grammer supplied the voices for ""Stinky Pete the Prospector"" in 1999 Disney/Pixar film Toy Story 2, Vladimir in the Fox animated movie Anastasia, Rothbart in Barbie of Swan Lake, Zozi the Bear in the subsequently produced sequel Bartok the Magnificent, the title character in the short-lived animated series Gary the Rat, and the villain, Dr. Ivan Krank, on Disney's Teacher's Pet. He provided the opening speech and piano in The Vandals' song ""Phone Machine"" from the album Fear of a Punk Planet, and sang a rewritten version of the ""grinch"" on an episode of Just Shoot Me! . He was the voice of the mad scientist monkey, Dr. Frankenollie, in the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain. He was also the narrator of Mickey Mouse – Once Upon a Christmas. Grammer's voice has been featured in many commercials. One of the earliest was a 1998 commercial for Honey Nut Cheerios, where he played the voice of the wolf in Little Red Riding Hood. Since 2006, Grammer has provided the voice for television commercials advertising Hyundai. In 2008, Grammer reprised his role of Dr. Frasier Crane in a commercial for Dr Pepper (Frasier and Cheers co-star Bebe Neuwirth also reprised her role as Lilith Sternin in the same commercial, albeit in voice only). In 2013, Grammer voiced the Tin Woodman in Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return. In 2016, Grammer narrated the opening video package for WrestleMania 32 and he voiced the role of Hunter in Storks. His production company, Grammnet Productions, produces the CW sitcoms Girlfriends and The Game (now on BET), the NBC drama Medium, and many other projects. In 1996, he starred in the feature comedy Down Periscope. Also, in the 1990s, he did several commercials for Snapper Mowers. Additionally, his film work includes the role of Dr. Hank McCoy (also known as the Beast) in X-Men: The Last Stand and he was the voice of Snowball in the live-action film adaptation of the George Orwell book Animal Farm. Grammer co-starred in the movie Swing Vote, playing the Republican incumbent. He played General George S. Patton in An American Carol. In 2010, he starred in The Kelsey Grammer Bill Zucker Comedy Hour. Grammer has been married four times and has seven children and one grandchild as of 2016. His first marriage, to dance instructor Doreen Alderman, lasted from 1982 to 1990, although they were separated for the last six years of that period. They have one daughter, actress Spencer Grammer (born October 9, 1983). Through Spencer, Grammer has one grandson, Spencer's son Emmett Emmanual Hesketh (born October 10, 2011). After his divorce from Alderman, Grammer had a daughter, Kandace Greer Grammer (""Greer Grammer""; born February 15, 1992), with hair and makeup stylist Barrie Buckner. Greer was a cast member on MTV's show Awkward. His second marriage, to former exotic dancer Leigh-Anne Csuhany in September 1992, lasted one year. Grammer filed for an annulment when Csuhany was three months pregnant and evicted her from their home. The pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. Grammer claimed she was abusive and fired a gun at him. In 1994, he met 28-year-old Tammi Baliszewski, also known as Tammi Alexander, at a bar in Manhattan Beach, California. In December 1994, they appeared together on the cover of People magazine, announcing their engagement and Grammer's substance abuse problems. In August 1997, Grammer married his third wife, former Playboy model Camille Donatacci. They met on a blind date in 1996. They have a daughter, born October 2001, and a son, born August 2004, both born to a surrogate mother. During their marriage, several of Grammer and Donatacci's homes were featured in magazines, including ones in Malibu, California (February 2001, InStyle), Maui (May 2004, InStyle), Long Island, New York (April 2008, InStyle), Bachelor Gulch, Colorado (Architectural Digest), and Bel Air, Los Angeles (Architectural Digest). It was announced on July 1, 2010, that Donatacci had filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. Grammer and Donatacci's divorce was finalized on February 10, 2011. On August 12, 2010, Grammer announced that he was going to be a father for the fifth time with girlfriend Kayte Walsh, an English flight attendant 25 years his junior, daughter of retired soccer player Alan Walsh. However, in October, Grammer announced that Walsh had miscarried six weeks earlier. The couple announced their engagement in December 2010, and married at The Plaza Hotel in New York City on February 25, 2011, two weeks after the finalization of Grammer's third divorce. Grammer and Walsh have a daughter, born July 2012, and two sons, born July 2014 and November 2016. On July 1, 1975, Grammer's younger sister, 18-year-old Karen Grammer, was abducted, raped, and murdered by Freddie Glenn, Michael Corbett, and one other man. Grammer, then 20, identified her body. He and his sister had been close, and he was devastated by her death; his later bouts of alcoholism and drug addiction were fueled in part by guilt and depression. In an interview with Oprah Winfrey, Grammer stated he could consider forgiving the men involved if they would at least take responsibility for the crime, but that they all continued to say they were innocent. In the same interview, Grammer expressed his loss of faith for a few years after Karen's death. He subsequently forgave Glenn, but refused to support his release, saying it would ""be a betrayal of my sister's life."" He named his daughter Spencer Karen Grammer in part for his sister. In 1995, Grammer was accused of statutory rape of his child's babysitter, who was 15 at the time, but a grand jury did not indict him due to there being no physical evidence, only tapes of voicemail messages. The same year, he was sued by ex-girlfriend Cerlette Lamme for defamation of character and invasion of privacy over content he included in his autobiography So Far. In September 1996, he crashed his Dodge Viper while intoxicated, and subsequently checked into the Betty Ford Center (an alcohol rehabilitation clinic) for 30 days. In 1998, Grammer filed a lawsuit against Internet Entertainment Group (IEG), which Grammer claimed had stolen from his home a videotape of him having sex with a woman. IEG countersued Grammer, denying it was in possession of such a tape, and Grammer's suit was eventually dropped. IEG President Seth Warshavsky later said, ""We have been presented with another Kelsey Grammer tape. But we have no plans to air it. We are still evaluating it at this time."" Grammer later reflected, Whether or not you're a celebrity—even if you're just an old slob with a video camera—you don't realize you shouldn't do it. So you throw the tape in the back of a dark closet until your old girlfriend remembers it's there because you're famous now and she's not. But if you're not prepared to do the time, don't do the crime. In August 2008, Bradley Blakeman, a former aide to George W. Bush, filed a copyright lawsuit in federal court on Long Island over Grammer's movie Swing Vote, claiming that parts of its plot and marketing had been stolen from him. The lawsuit claimed that Blakeman had given a copyrighted screenplay called Go November to Grammer in 2006, and that Grammer agreed to develop the project and star as a Republican president but instead ended up playing a similar role in Swing Vote, which was released on August 1, 2008. Grammer's spokesman dismissed the claims as ""frivolous"" and a ""waste of time"". The lawsuit was settled in 2010 for $10. Grammer has a history as a frequent abuser of alcohol. In 1988, Grammer was arrested for drunk driving and cocaine possession and sentenced to 30 days in jail. In August 1990, Grammer was arrested again for cocaine possession and was sentenced to three years' probation, fined $500, and required to perform 300 hours of community service. In January 1991, Grammer was given an additional two years' probation for violating his original probation through additional cocaine use. The cast and producers of both Frasier and Cheers held interventions to attempt to help him. Grammer's personal problems affected his work; co-star Bebe Neuwirth and writer Ken Levine cited delays with rehearsals and filming due to his erratic behavior. Writer Dan O'Shannon recalled, however, that He would ooze into the studio, his life all out of sorts. Jimmy would say ""Action,"" and he would snap into Frasier and expound in this very erudite dialogue and be pitch-perfect. And Jimmy would yell ""Cut!"" and he would ooze back into Kelsey—glazed-over eyes, half asleep, going through whatever he was going through. It was the most amazing transformation I'd ever seen. Grammer credits his religion for helping him through with his struggles with alcohol and drug use, as well as his personal tragedies. On May 31, 2008, while paddleboarding with his then-wife Camille in Hawaii, Grammer experienced a heart attack. He was discharged on June 4, 2008, and was said to be ""resting comfortably"" at his Hawaiian residence. Seven weeks after the attack, Grammer told Entertainment Tonight that, although at the time his spokesman described the attack as mild, it was in fact more severe, almost leading to his death, as his heart had stopped. Grammer thought Fox's decision to cancel his TV sitcom Back to You contributed to his health problems, stating that ""It was a very stressful time for me, and a surprise that it was cancelled. But you know, everything that doesn't kill us—which it almost did—makes us stronger!"" On June 28, 2008, Grammer checked into an undisclosed Manhattan hospital after complaints of feeling faint. Other reports said Grammer was hospitalized for an irregular heartbeat. His publicist said that it may have been due to a reaction to medication. Grammer is a supporter of the Republican Party and has expressed an interest in someday running for United States Congress. He has also expressed an interest in running for Mayor of New York City, and for the U.S. Presidency. Grammer was a guest at President George W. Bush's first inauguration. Grammer endorsed Rudy Giuliani in the 2008 presidential primary and later campaigned for John McCain in the general election. Grammer promoted RightNetwork, a conservative start-up American television network. He endorsed Michele Bachmann for the Republican nomination for president in 2012. After Mitt Romney won the nomination, Grammer endorsed him. He supported Ben Carson's candidacy for the Republican Presidential nomination in 2016, although he endorsed Donald Trump when the latter was selected. Grammer supported the Tea Party movement on economic issues such as small government and lower taxes. He does not support the traditional Republican platform on social issues such as same-sex marriage, stating ""I think marriage is up to two people who love each other"". While a New York magazine profile published in 2010 described him as pro-choice, Grammer in 2015 posted an Instagram photo of himself with his wife Kayte wearing a T-shirt by the pro-life group Abort73. City A.M. described Grammer as ""one of Hollywood's best-known Republicans, a rare spark of red in a blue sea of Democrats"". Grammer won a number of Emmys, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Golden Globes for his work on Frasier. He was the first American actor ever to be nominated for multiple Emmy awards for portraying the same character on three different television shows (Cheers, Frasier, and Wings). Grammer has received at least 45 nominations for major awards and has won on 18 occasions. He has received 14 individual Emmy Award nominations for four different television shows (plus an additional two as part of the Frasier ensemble) and has won five times. At the Golden Globes, he has received nine nominations and three times been victorious. He has received two People's Choice Awards, and in 1999 his directorial skills were recognized with a nomination for a Directors Guild of America award for directing an episode of Frasier. He received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role in X-Men: The Last Stand. On May 22, 2001, he was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for television. On April 20, 2009, Grammer was presented the inaugural Television chairman's Award at the annual NAB Show in Las Vegas. In 2010, Grammer enjoyed his first Tony Award nomination for La Cage Aux Folles as Best Leading Actor in a Musical. In 2016, he received his second Tony Award nomination for The Color Purple as Best Revival of a Musical and won the award. ,  Kelsey Grammer  2020-12-24T22:32:30Z  Allen Kelsey Grammer (born February 21, 1955) is an American actor, comedian, singer, producer, director, and writer, best known for his two-decade-long portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the NBC sitcoms Cheers and Frasier. He is also known for his performance in the political drama series Boss for which he won a Golden Globe Award, and the period drama series The Last Tycoon, as well as his voice work in The Simpsons, Anastasia (1997) and Toy Story 2 (1999). He has also appeared in various television shows such as 30 Rock, Modern Family, and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. Grammer is also known for his work in theatre, acting alongside Christopher Plummer and James Earl Jones in Macbeth, and Othello on Broadway. In 1983, he starred alongside Mandy Patinkin in Stephen Sondheim's Sunday in the Park with George at Playwrights Horizons, Off-Broadway. He has also starred in productions of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street playing the title character, and My Fair Lady as Professor Henry Higgins. In 2010 he received his first Tony Award nomination for his performance in La Cage aux Folles. In 2016, Grammer won a Tony Award as a producer of The Color Purple. In 2019, Grammer starred as Don Quixote in a production of Man of La Mancha at the London Coliseum. Throughout his career in television Grammer has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, one Daytime Emmy Award and one Tony Award; additionally, he has also worked as a television producer, director, and writer. Allen Kelsey Grammer was born on February 21, 1955, in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, the son of Sally (née Cranmer; 1928–2008), a singer and actress, and Frank Allen Grammer, Jr. (d. 1968), a musician and owner of a coffee shop and a bar and grill called Greer's Place. He had one younger sister, Karen. Grammer's personal life has been surrounded by family tragedies. He was raised by his mother and maternal grandparents in New Jersey. The family later relocated to Pompano Beach, Florida and, shortly afterwards, when Kelsey was twelve years old, his grandfather died of cancer. In 1968, his father was murdered in a home invasion. In 1975, his sister was kidnapped, raped, and murdered in Colorado Springs. In 1980, his two half-brothers died in a scuba diving accident. Grammer attended Pine Crest School, a private preparatory school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It was there that he first began to sing and perform on stage. From the age of 16, with his mother's approval, he began to smoke a pipe. Grammer won a scholarship to the Juilliard School. He was a member of Group 6 from 1973 to 1975. Due to his sister's murder, Grammer failed to attend classes and was eventually expelled. According to his interview with the Cayman Compass in 2019, Grammer described himself as ""a Caribbean kid"" who ""was born in St. Thomas, USVI, and I have been back and forth a lot, gone to the Bahamas a lot, St. John and the Virgin Islands and the BVI."" After leaving Juilliard, Grammer had a three-year internship with the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in the late 1970s before a stint in 1980 at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He made his Broadway debut in 1981 as ""Lennox"" in Macbeth, taking the lead role when Philip Anglim withdrew after receiving negative reviews. Grammer then played Michael Cassio in a Broadway revival of Othello, with James Earl Jones and Christopher Plummer. In 1983 he performed in the demo of the Stephen Sondheim–James Lapine production Sunday in the Park with George, starring Mandy Patinkin. In 2000, Grammer again played Macbeth on Broadway, in a production that closed after only 10 days. On April 18, 2010, Grammer made his Broadway musical debut playing the role of Georges in a revival of the Jerry Herman/Harvey Fierstein musical La Cage aux Folles at the Longacre Theatre. Grammer starred alongside Douglas Hodge for which they both were nominated for Tony Awards for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical. Grammer was described by critics as ""equally fine"", ""delivering an assured and charming leading turn"". In March 2015, Grammer originated the roles of Charles Frohman and Captain Hook in the Broadway premiere of the musical Finding Neverland continuing with the roles through June 28, 2015. He returned to the stage from January 19 to April 3, 2016. Most recently he made an appearance in the West End production of Big Fish. In 2016, Grammer won a Tony Award as a producer of The Color Purple. In 2019, Grammer starred as Don Quixote in a production of Man of La Mancha at the London Coliseum. In 1984, Grammer first appeared as Dr. Frasier Crane in the NBC sitcom Cheers. Grammer's former Juilliard classmate and Broadway co-star Mandy Patinkin suggested Grammer to the New York casting director, and he got what was supposed to be a six-episode job, but ended up as a regular cast member. Cheers was created by James Burrows and aired on NBC from September 30, 1982, to May 20, 1993. The show is set in a bar named Cheers in Boston where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, and socialize. The character of Frasier first appears in the third season and continues to appear until the final season of the series, which aired in May 1993. Grammer has provided the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons, winning an Emmy Award for his work in the episode ""The Italian Bob"", his fifth Emmy win. He has appeared in eighteen episodes from the show's inception in 1989 through 2015's ""Treehouse of Horror XXVI"". In September 1993 the character became the center of the spin-off Frasier which became one of the most successful spin-offs in television history. In addition to starring, he also directed more than 30 episodes, especially during the second half of the series, and sang the closing theme ""Tossed Salads and Scrambled Eggs."" Frasier was nominated for and won many awards during its 11-year run, concluding in May 2004. In the show Frasier has moved from Boston to Seattle and works as a radio psychiatrist alongside his producer Roz (Peri Gilpin). The show also starred David Hyde Pierce as Niles, Frasier's brother, and John Mahoney as the father, Martin Crane. Jane Leeves plays his fathers health care worker Daphne Moon. The show was a critical hit, and received the most Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series. The record has never been broken with Modern Family tying the record. Grammer himself received 11 consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his role in Frasier, winning four times, tying him with Carroll O'Connor, Michael J. Fox and Jim Parsons for the most wins for Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series. In 1995, Grammar voiced Dr. Frankenollie in the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain (1995), were it was nominated for Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He later starred in the lead role as Lt. Commander Thomas ""Tom"" Dodge in the film Down Periscope (1996), and voiced Vladimir ""Vlad"" Vanya Voinitsky Vasilovich in the 20th Century Fox's critically acclaimed animated movie Anastasia (1997). In 1999, Grammer voiced Stinky Pete in Pixar's Golden Globe Award-winning Toy Story 2 (1999). He also provided voice work for several other animated television series and direct-to-video films, such as Barbie of Swan Lake, Bartok the Magnificent, the title character in the short-lived animated series Gary the Rat and the narrator of Mickey Mouse – Once Upon a Christmas. He also voiced Dr. Ivan Krank in the theatrically Disney film Disney's Teacher's Pet (2004). In 2001, he negotiated a $700,000-per-episode salary for Frasier. The series lasted 11 seasons running from 1993 to 2004. His 20-year run playing Dr. Frasier Crane ties a length set by James Arness in playing Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975 but was surpassed by Richard Belzer in playing Det. John Munch on Homicide: Life on the Street and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1993. Frasier Crane also had a crossover appearance in 1992 Wings episode ""Planes, Trains, & Visiting Cranes"". The show featured a variety of guest stars from Cheers including Ted Danson, Shelley Long, Woody Harrelson, Rhea Perlman, George Wendt and John Ratzenberger. Bebe Neuwirth appears in a recurring role throughout the series as Frasier's ex-wife Lilith. Other guest stars include Laura Linney, James Earl Jones, Nathan Lane, Patrick Stewart, Patrick Macnee, Derek Jacobi, Michael Keaton, Laurie Metcalf, Jean Smart and Eva Marie Saint. One of Frasier 's in-jokes was its use of celebrities as guest stars who were put through on Frasier's radio program as callers seeking advice. In 2004, he played Ebenezer Scrooge in the musical television film A Christmas Carol. In 2005, Grammer returned to television. He produced and appeared in an American adaptation of the British show The Sketch Show, which aired on Fox. The main cast consisted of Malcolm Barrett, Kaitlin Olson, Mary Lynn Rajskub and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as Lee Mack from the British version of the show. Grammer appeared in only short opening and closing segments in each episode. Many of the sketches from the British version were re-created, such as the ""California Dreamin'"", ""English Course"", and ""Sign Language"" sketches. Only six episodes of the show were made, and it was cancelled after only four of them had aired. In 2007, Grammer starred with Patricia Heaton in the American sitcom Back to You, which Fox cancelled after its first season. His next attempt, ABC's Hank, fared even worse. It was cancelled after only five episodes had aired. Grammer later commented, ""Honestly, it just wasn't very funny."" In 2011 and 2012, Grammer found temporary success in the Starz drama series Boss as a fictional mayor of Chicago in the mold of Richard J. Daley which premiered in October 2011. It was his first dramatic TV series. At the 2012 Golden Globe Awards Kelsey Grammer won the award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama for his role on Boss. The show ran for 18 episodes over two seasons. In 2010–2012, Grammer guest starred as a comical version of himself in three episodes of the NBC show 30 Rock alongside Jane Krakowski and Jack McBrayer. In 2014 Grammer returned to sitcom television in Partners with comedian Martin Lawrence. The Lionsgate-produced show was written and executive produced by Robert L. Boyett and Robert Horn, known for writing hit shows like Family Matters, Living Single, Full House, Designing Women, and Perfect Strangers. Despite this, the show was cancelled after its first season. Later that same year, Grammer starred in several films such as Bonaparte in The Expendables 3 (2014) and as Harold Attinger in Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014). The following year in 2015, he played Buckley in Best of Enemies (2015), the National Geographic TV film Killing Jesus (2015) as Herod the Great (in which he both played a role and narrated), and as Harry Hamilton in the Netflix film Like Father with Kristen Bell (2019). Grammer's voice has been featured in many commercials. One of the earliest was a 1998 commercial for Honey Nut Cheerios, where he voices the wolf in Little Red Riding Hood. Since 2006, Grammer has provided the voice for television commercials advertising Hyundai. In 2008, Grammer reprised his role of Dr. Frasier Crane in a commercial for Dr Pepper (Frasier and Cheers co-star Bebe Neuwirth also reprised her role as Lilith Sternin in the same commercial, albeit in voice only). In 2015 Grammer and John Lithgow lent their voices to the critically acclaimed documentary Best of Enemies as William F. Buckley, Jr. and Gore Vidal, respectively. The documentary surrounds the events around the televised debates between intellectuals Vidal and Buckley during the 1968 United States presidential election. The film premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and was shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Documentary but did not make the final cut. Video games His production company, Grammnet Productions, produces the CW sitcoms Girlfriends and The Game (now on BET), the NBC drama Medium, and many other projects. Grammer won a number of Emmys, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Golden Globes for his work on Frasier. He was the first American actor ever to be nominated for multiple Emmy awards for portraying the same character on three different television shows (Cheers, Frasier, and Wings). In 2010, Grammer received his first Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical for his acclaimed performance in La Cage Aux Folles opposite Douglas Hodge. In 2016, he received his second Tony Award nomination and first win for Best Revival of a Musical as a producer for The Color Purple. On May 22, 2001, he was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for television. In 1999 he received a nomination from Directors Guild of America award for directing the episode Frasier. At the Golden Globes, he has received nine nominations winning three times. Grammer has been married four times and has seven children and one grandchild as of 2011. His first marriage to dance instructor Doreen Alderman lasted from 1982 to 1990, although they were separated for the last six years of that period. They have one daughter, actress Spencer Grammer (born October 9, 1983). Through Spencer, Grammer has one grandson, Spencer's son Emmett Emmanual Hesketh (born October 10, 2011). After his divorce from Alderman, Grammer had a daughter, Kandace Greer Grammer (""Greer Grammer""; born February 15, 1992), with hair and makeup stylist Barrie Buckner. Greer was a cast member on MTV's show Awkward. His second marriage, to Leigh-Anne Csuhany in September 1992, lasted one year. Grammer filed for an annulment when Csuhany was three months pregnant and evicted her from their home. The pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. Grammer claimed she was abusive and fired a gun at him. In 1994, he met 28-year-old Tammi Baliszewski, also known as Tammi Alexander, at a bar in Manhattan Beach, California. In December 1994, they appeared together on the cover of People magazine, announcing their engagement and Grammer's substance abuse problems. In August 1997, Grammer married his third wife, dancer and model Camille Donatacci. They met on a blind date in 1996. They have a daughter, born October 2001, and a son, born August 2004, both born to a surrogate mother. During their marriage, several of Grammer and Donatacci's homes were featured in magazines, including ones in Malibu, California (February 2001, InStyle), Maui (May 2004, InStyle), Long Island, New York (April 2008, InStyle), Bachelor Gulch, Colorado (Architectural Digest), and Bel Air, Los Angeles (Architectural Digest). In New York City, they lived at 15 Central Park West. It was announced on July 1, 2010, that Grammer had filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. Grammer and Donatacci's divorce was finalized on February 10, 2011. On August 12, 2010, Grammer announced that he was going to be a father for the fifth time with girlfriend Kayte Walsh, an English flight attendant 25 years his junior, daughter of former soccer player Alan Walsh. However, in October, Grammer announced that Walsh had miscarried six weeks earlier. The couple announced their engagement in December 2010, and married at The Plaza Hotel in New York City on February 25, 2011, two weeks after the finalization of Grammer's third divorce. Grammer and Walsh have a daughter, born July 2012, and two sons, born July 2014 and November 2016. Murder of Karen Grammer On July 1, 1975, Freddie Glenn, Michael Corbett, and one other man abducted, raped, and murdered Grammer's younger sister, 18-year-old Karen Grammer. Grammer, then 20, identified her body. He and his sister had been close, and he was devastated by her death; his later bouts of alcoholism and drug addiction were fueled in part by guilt and depression. In a 2012 interview with Oprah Winfrey, Grammer said he would be willing to forgive the perpetrators if they would take responsibility for the crime, but that they all continued to say they were innocent. In the same interview, Grammer expressed his loss of faith for a few years after Karen's death. He subsequently forgave Glenn in a 2014 parole hearing after being convinced of Glenn's contrition, but refused to support his release, saying that it would ""be a betrayal of my sister's life"". He named his daughter Spencer Karen Grammer in part for his sister. Karen Grammer's murder and the investigation by the Colorado Springs Police Department was the subject of the episode ""Animal Nature"" of the Investigation Discovery series Homicide Hunter. Grammer is a supporter of the Republican Party and endorses the Tea Party movement on economic issues such as small government and lower taxes; City A.M. described him as ""one of Hollywood's best-known Republicans, a rare spark of red in a blue sea of Democrats"". While a New York magazine profile published in 2010 described him as pro-choice, Grammer in 2015 posted an Instagram photo of himself with his wife Kayte wearing a T-shirt by the pro-life group Abort73. Grammer is supportive of same-sex marriage, stating ""I think marriage is up to two people who love each other"". He has expressed skepticism on the scientific consensus on climate change, comparing the California wildfires to alleged global cooling from his youth and expressing skepticism on the 2011 and 2018 climate meetings. Additionally, he stated in a 2016 interview with The Guardian that the person he admired most was Vladimir Putin ""Because he is so comfortably who he is."" He also expressed support for Britain leaving the European Union, urging them to move forward with it. Grammer has labeled Washington politicians a ""bunch of clowns"". He has expressed an interest in some day running for United States Congress, Mayor of New York City, and the presidency. Grammer was a guest at President George W. Bush's first inauguration. Grammer endorsed Rudy Giuliani in the 2008 presidential primary and later campaigned for John McCain in the general election. Grammer promoted RightNetwork, a conservative start-up American television network. He endorsed Michele Bachmann for the Republican nomination for president in 2012. After Mitt Romney won the nomination, Grammer endorsed him. He supported Ben Carson's candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016, although he endorsed Donald Trump when the latter was selected. Grammer has a history of substance abuse. In 1988, Grammer was charged for drunk driving and cocaine possession and sentenced to 30 days in jail. In August 1990, Grammer was charged again for cocaine possession and was sentenced to three years' probation, fined $500, and required to perform 300 hours of community service. In January 1991, Grammer was given an additional two years' probation for violating his original probation through additional cocaine use. In September 1996, he crashed his Dodge Viper while intoxicated, and subsequently checked into the Betty Ford Center (an alcohol rehabilitation clinic) for 30 days. The cast and producers of both Frasier and Cheers held interventions to help him. Grammer's personal problems affected his work; co-star Bebe Neuwirth and writer Ken Levine cited delays with rehearsals and filming due to his erratic behavior. Writer Dan O'Shannon recalled, however, that He would ooze into the studio, his life all out of sorts. Jimmy would say ""Action,"" and he would snap into Frasier and expound in this very erudite dialogue and be pitch-perfect. And Jimmy would yell ""Cut!"" and he would ooze back into Kelsey—glazed-over eyes, half asleep, going through whatever he was going through. It was the most amazing transformation I'd ever seen. Grammer credits his religion for helping him through with his struggles with alcohol and drug use, as well as his personal tragedies. On May 31, 2008, while paddleboarding with his then-wife Camille in Hawaii, Grammer experienced a heart attack. Their personal assistant, Scott MacLean was essential in saving his life. Grammer was discharged on June 4, 2008, and was said to be ""resting comfortably"" at his Hawaiian residence. Seven weeks after the attack, Grammer told Entertainment Tonight that, although at the time his spokesman described the attack as mild, it was in fact more severe, almost leading to his death, as his heart had stopped. Grammer thought Fox's decision to cancel his TV sitcom Back to You contributed to his health problems, stating that ""It was a very stressful time for me, and a surprise that it was cancelled. But you know, everything that doesn't kill us—which it almost did—makes us stronger!"" Legal issues In 1995, Grammer was accused of sleeping with his child's underage babysitter. A grand jury chose not to indict the actor saying, ""The young woman's delay of more than a year in pressing charges against Mr. Grammer made it difficult to support her claim"" according to the County Prosecutor Nicholas L. Bissell Jr. Grammer released a statement saying, ""I have said from the outset that there was no basis for the allegations"". In 1996, Grammer's ex-girlfriend, Cerlette Lamme, sued him for defamation of character and invasion of privacy over content he included in his autobiography So Far. In 1998, Grammer filed a lawsuit against Internet Entertainment Group (IEG), which Grammer claimed had stolen from his home a videotape of him sleeping with a woman. IEG countersued Grammer, denying it was in possession of such a tape, and Grammer's suit was eventually dropped. IEG President Seth Warshavsky later said, ""We have been presented with another Kelsey Grammer tape. But we have no plans to air it. We are still evaluating it at this time.""",1
The_Idoru,"The_Idoru  2010-04-26T11:51:14Z   The Idoru is an alternative rock band from Hungary. The group was formed in 2003 with Newborn ex-members Tibi and Big on guitar, Matt on bass, Laci from the band Very Bad Thing on drums and a young singer who is able to stretch the already existing boundaries of the company. The band quickly stood up and started to play several gigs in their local area, and soon shows appeared abroad in their schedule. Spending their year to establish a base for the further actions, they realized that it was time for them to create their first record. In the fall of this year they've started the recording, and on a New Year's Eve live appearance of the band the mcd entitled After The Storm came to life. This three song debut was the product of the collaboration between the guys and a label from Japan called Alliance-Trax. The band HQ was satisfied with the result, and decided a future plan with their Japanese fellows in crime. In the first days of the new year an order arrived from the country of the rising sun: Get in the studio now! After three months of work their debut album titled Brand New Way, Brand New Situation was recorded in late 2004. At the fall of 2004 the band joined the team of the successfully uprising Austrian label Burning Season Records and the full length album was released in February 2005. In 2005 after recording their 3rd record Hopeless Illusions EP, they decided to leave Burning Season Records and join to Deadbutcher Records what is owned by their good friend Mikita, who helped them in many ways during the past few years. (2003) The Idoru - After the Storm (EP) (2006) The Idoru - Hopeless Illusions (EP) (2004) The Idoru - Brand New Way, Brand New Situation (2007) The Idoru - Monologue (2009) The Idoru - Face the Light,  The_Idoru  2010-09-20T19:48:46Z   The Idoru is an alternative rock band from Hungary. The group was formed in 2003 with Newborn ex-members Tibi and Big on guitar, Matt on bass, Laci from the band Very Bad Thing on drums and a young singer who is able to stretch the already existing boundaries of the company. The band quickly stood up and started to play several gigs in their local area, and soon shows appeared abroad in their schedule. Spending their year to establish a base for the further actions, they realized that it was time for them to create their first record. In the fall of this year they've started the recording, and on a New Year's Eve live appearance of the band the mcd entitled After The Storm came to life. This three song debut was the product of the collaboration between the guys and a label from Japan called Alliance-Trax. The band HQ was satisfied with the result, and decided a future plan with their Japanese fellows in crime. In the first days of the new year an order arrived from the country of the rising sun: Get in the studio now! After three months of work their debut album titled Brand New Way, Brand New Situation was recorded in late 2004. At the fall of 2004 the band joined the team of the successfully uprising Austrian label Burning Season Records and the full length album was released in February 2005. In 2005 after recording their 3rd record Hopeless Illusions EP, they decided to leave Burning Season Records and join to Deadbutcher Records what is owned by their good friend Mikita, who helped them in many ways during the past few years. (2003) The Idoru - After the Storm (EP) (2006) The Idoru - Hopeless Illusions (EP) (2010) The Idoru - POP? (EP) (2004) The Idoru - Brand New Way, Brand New Situation (2007) The Idoru - Monologue (2009) The Idoru - Face the Light",0
Matteo_dal_Nasaro_Veronese,"Matteo_dal_Nasaro_Veronese  2010-05-11T21:52:48Z   Matteo dal Nasaro Veronese (died circa 1548), also known as Matteo dal Nasaro of Verona, was an Italian sculptor. He was born in Verona, Italy, but came to prominence in Paris. According to Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, Matteo dal Nasaro excelled in the production of portrait cameos. ,  Matteo_dal_Nasaro_Veronese  2020-03-01T01:11:03Z   Matteo dal Nasaro Veronese (died c. 1548), also known as Matteo dal Nasaro of Verona, was an Italian sculptor. He was born in Verona, Italy, but came to prominence in Paris. According to Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, Matteo dal Nasaro excelled in the production of portrait cameos.",0
Rob Lowe,"Rob Lowe  2010-01-02T18:43:36Z  Robert Hepler ""Rob"" Lowe (born March 17, 1964) is an American actor. He became known after appearing in 1980s movies such as The Outsiders and St. Elmo's Fire, which included other members of the Brat Pack. Lowe is also known for his role as Sam Seaborn on The West Wing and as Senator Robert McCallister on Brothers & Sisters. Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of Barbara (née Hepler), a teacher, and Charles Lowe, a trial lawyer; Rob's parents divorced when Lowe was young. His mother took Lowe and his younger brother, actor Chad Lowe, to California. He also has two step-siblings. Because of a virus during infancy, he is deaf in his right ear. Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church, though his maternal grandparents were Methodists. He was raised in a ""traditional midwestern setting"" in Dayton, Ohio; having attended Oakwood High School before moving to the Westside of Los Angeles. He attended Santa Monica High School, the same high school as fellow actors Emilio Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Sean Penn, Chris Penn and Robert Downey Jr. One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV movie Thursday's Child, for which he received his first Golden Globe nomination for ""Best Actor in a TV Movie/Miniseries"". Lowe made his film debut in Schoolboy Father, followed by Class. His breakthrough came in 1983, when he and Estevez were cast in The Outsiders, which remains one of his most famous roles. Lowe played the role of Sodapop, the brother of the main character Ponyboy (C. Thomas Howell) in the movie. Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire, making them the two more popular boys of the Brat Pack. He followed it up with About Last Night. He also received a second Golden Globe nomination for ""Best Supporting Actor"" for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). Lowe is infamously remembered for performing a duet with an actress playing the part of Snow White at the 61st Academy Awards opening montage in March 1989. Lowe is also known for playing Sam Seaborn in the television series The West Wing from 1999 to 2003. His performance in the show garnered Lowe an Emmy and two Golden Globe Award Nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. When the show premiered, Seaborn was considered the lead, and the pilot centered on the character. But the acclaimed cast of the show—including Allison Janney, Richard Schiff, Dulé Hill, John Spencer, Bradley Whitford, Martin Sheen (whose President Bartlet was initially scripted as a small role) and Stockard Channing (whose First Lady was initially scripted as a guest role)—meant that Sam Seaborn could no longer be considered the lead character. While he reluctantly accepted his demotion, Lowe and series creator Aaron Sorkin soon found themselves at odds over the network's meddling with the show, most notably the network demanding changes in the Sam Seaborn character. Eventually, Lowe left the series, not long before Sorkin and director/executive producer Thomas Schlamme unceremoniously quit over a dispute with NBC. During the final season of The West Wing, Lowe returned to his role of Sam Seaborn, appearing in two of the final four episodes. After leaving the show, Lowe was star and executive producer of a failed NBC drama, The Lyon's Den (2003). In 2004, he tried again in a series entitled Dr. Vegas, but it also was quickly canceled. In 2005, he starred as Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee in a London West End production of Sorkin's play A Few Good Men, the first time the two had worked together since The West Wing. Although Lowe had expressed unhappiness about his decreased role on that show at the time of his departure, he has now repeatedly said that any animosity between them is over and that he was pleased to be working once more with Sorkin, whose talents as a writer Lowe highly regards. Lowe passed on the role of Dr. Derek Shepherd of Grey's Anatomy, which eventually went to Patrick Dempsey. Despite his two canceled TV series and flops like View From the Top and the made-for-TV movie Perfect Strangers during his post–West Wing run, Lowe found success in the TV miniseries genre. 2004 marked his return to this genre; he had appeared in 1994's The Stand, based on Stephen King's book of the same name. In 2004, Lowe starred in the TNT remake of the Stephen King miniseries Salem's Lot which was the highest rated cable program of that summer and the highest ratings TNT original programming had at the time. In 2005, Lowe starred in the miniseries Beach Girls on the Lifetime network, based on the Luanne Rice novel of the same name. The series premiere received the highest ratings for a movie premiere in Lifetime history. In that same year, Lowe filmed his critically acclaimed role as super movie agent in the 2006 independent film Thank You for Smoking. In 2006, he filmed The Perfect Day for TNT, in which he took a pay cut to film in New Orleans in order to help the hurricane ravaged area. That same year, Lowe filmed Stir of Echoes: The Homecoming, the ""sequel"" to the 1999 Kevin Bacon thriller Stir of Echoes. In 2006, it was announced that Lowe would join the cast of Brothers & Sisters for a guest run of several episodes. In January 2007, ABC announced that Lowe would be staying on Brothers and Sisters as a ""special guest star"" for the rest of season 1 after Lowe's initial appearance on the show in November 2006 brought the best ratings and demographic showing for the show since its premiere. Soon after ABC announced an early season 2 renewal for Brother & Sisters in March 2007, Lowe announced he would be returning for the show's second season. In June 2006, he was the guest host for an episode in the third series of The Friday Night Project for the United Kingdom's Channel 4. Lowe has also appeared in a televised advertisement for 'Visit California', along with other celebrities including Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. In October 2009 he was a supporting actor in the movie The Invention of Lying. He is still on the show Brothers & Sisters, giving them great ratings. Lowe and Little House on the Prairie actress Melissa Gilbert briefly met at age 14 in 1978 in the halls of the CBS Television Studios. In 1981, when both were 17, Melissa spotted Rob stopped at the red light next to her car and the two began dating. Rob was a little-known actor at the time. Lowe became a huge star after 1983's The Outsiders and 1985's St. Elmo's Fire. For years, the two had an on-and-off relationship due to infidelity. During the filming of 1984's The Hotel New Hampshire, Rob began an affair with Nastassja Kinski. In Melissa's recent autobiography, Prairie Tale: A Memoir Gilbert is very open about sleeping with Lowe's then best friend, John Cusack, while Lowe was away filming. According to Gilbert, she caught Rob in Nastassja's hotel room and she slept with Cusack out of revenge. The two stars got back together only to break up several times. Rob broke up with Melissa again in 1986 when he started dating Princess Stephanie. As soon as this relationship ended, Melissa and Rob dated again. The two became engaged and were to be married in the summer of 1987. Melissa then found out she was pregnant. After telling Lowe this news, he broke up with her for good. Melissa miscarried only days later. Makeup artist Sheryl Berkoff dated Lowe's friend Emilio Estevez. The relationship did not work out and Lowe later on began to date Sheryl. She insisted that Rob go to rehab for sex and alcohol addiction. Lowe and Berkoff eventually married and they have two sons, Matthew Edward Lowe (b. Sept 24, 1993), and John Owen Lowe (b. Nov 6, 1995). They live in Montecito, California. Lowe was the first male spokesperson for the 2000 Lee National Denim Day fundraiser, which raises millions of dollars for breast cancer research and education. His grandmother and great-grandmother both suffered from breast cancer, and his mother died of the disease in late 2003. Lowe is a founder of the Homeowner's Defense Fund, a Santa Barbara County non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to local control of land-use planning and transparency in government. The average price of tract homes in Santa Barbara in early 2006 was $1,100,000, which motivated some to propose denser housing on existing lots. While in favor of increasing housing density, he has sought to build a 14,260-square-foot (1,325 m2) mansion for himself in Montecito, California. Lowe's protest over the appearance of the address of the empty lot in the Santa Barbara News-Press precipitated a mass resignation of senior employees at that newspaper on July 6, 2006, and was a proximate cause of the Santa Barbara News-Press controversy. In 1988, Lowe was involved in a sex scandal over a videotape of him having sex with two women, one of whom was 16. She was filmed with Lowe during the Democratic National Convention. Lowe has asserted that he did not know that the second girl was underage, and it was confirmed that the two had met at a bar. Another part of the same tape was leaked at the time, showing Lowe and his friend Justin Moritt, later the line producer, both having sexual intercourse and oral sex with a young American model named Jennifer, in a hotel room in Paris. This part of the original tape was sold as one of the first commercially available celebrity sex tapes, damaging his public image. He later entered a rehabilitation clinic for alcohol and sex addiction. Eventually, his career rebounded and Lowe mocked his own behavior during two post-scandal appearances as host of Saturday Night Live. In April 2008, Lowe filed separate lawsuits against three former employees accusing them of breach of contract, defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Lowe accuses an ex-nanny of engaging in a scheme to hurt the couple by spreading ""malicious lies."" Another ex-nanny is accused of falsely claiming to have had a personal and intimate relationship with Lowe, and also repeatedly expressing romantic interest in Rob, claiming that Lowe sexually harassed her and that Sheryl Lowe was an abusive employer. Lowe claims a former chef engaged in sex on their bed with third parties when the family was out of town, stole prescription drugs from the Lowes, broke several security cameras, overcharged them for food, and allegedly made statements to various people that Sheryl was heartless, cold and unclean. Jessica Gibson, 24-year-old former nanny for Lowe, made 12 allegations against Lowe involving sexual harassment claims and labor-code violations. On June 19, 2008, Santa Barbara, California, Superior Court Judge Denise de Bellefeuille dismissed two allegations regarding labor-code violations due to lack of legal basis. Lowe's next hearing was set for July 10, 2008. The legal battle ended in May 2009, the press reported that court records showed that lawsuits filed by both nannies and Lowe have been dismissed in Santa Barbara. Attorneys for both women and Lowe sought the dismissals. ,  Rob Lowe  2011-12-29T01:11:19Z  Robert Hepler ""Rob"" Lowe (pronounced /ˈrɒb ˈloʊ/; born March 17, 1964) is an American actor. Lowe came to prominence after appearing in films such as The Outsiders, Oxford Blues, About Last Night..., St. Elmo's Fire, and Wayne's World. On television, Lowe is known for his role as Sam Seaborn on The West Wing and his role as Senator Robert McCallister on Brothers & Sisters. He is currently a main cast member of Parks and Recreation, playing the role of Chris Traeger. Early in his career Lowe gained notoriety as a life-in-the-fast-lane playboy, ending up in the spotlight for various personal indiscretions and tabloid scandals, including one of the first ""sex tape"" scandals to hit Hollywood. Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of Barbara Lynn (née Hepler), a teacher, and Charles Davis Lowe, a trial lawyer. His parents divorced when Lowe was young. He has a brother, actor Chad Lowe, and two half brothers. Because of a virus during infancy, he is deaf in his right ear (he later played a deaf character in Stephen King's The Stand). Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. He was raised in a ""traditional midwestern setting"" in Dayton, Ohio, attending Oakwood Junior High School, before moving to the Westside of Los Angeles with his mother and brother. He attended Santa Monica High School, the same high school as fellow actors Emilio Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Sean Penn, Chris Penn, and Robert Downey, Jr. One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV movie Thursday's Child, for which he received his first Golden Globe nomination for ""Best Actor in a TV Movie/Miniseries"". Lowe made his film debut in Schoolboy Father, followed by Class with Andrew McCarthy. His breakthrough came in 1983, when he and Emilio Estevez were cast in Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders. Lowe played the role of Sodapop Curtis, the brother of the main character Ponyboy Curtis (C. Thomas Howell) and Darrel Curtis (Patrick Swayze). Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire, making them the two more prominent actors from the group known as the Brat Pack. About Last Night... followed, with Demi Moore (who had starred with Lowe in St. Elmo's Fire). He then received his second Golden Globe nomination for ""Best Supporting Actor"" for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). In 1995 Lowe played Paul Barish in the film Tommy Boy with Chris Farley. Lowe is also known for playing Sam Seaborn in the television series The West Wing from 1999 to 2003. His performance in the show garnered Lowe an Emmy and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. When the show premiered, Seaborn was considered the lead, and the pilot centered on the character. But the acclaimed cast of the show—including Allison Janney, Richard Schiff, Dulé Hill, John Spencer, Bradley Whitford, Martin Sheen (whose President Bartlet was initially scripted as a small role) and Stockard Channing (whose First Lady was initially scripted as a guest role)—meant that Sam Seaborn could no longer be considered the lead character. While he reluctantly accepted his demotion, Lowe and series creator Aaron Sorkin soon found themselves at odds over the network's meddling with the show, most notably the network demanding changes in the Sam Seaborn character. Eventually, Lowe left the series, not long before Sorkin and director/executive producer Thomas Schlamme unceremoniously quit over a dispute with NBC. During the final season of The West Wing, Lowe returned to his role of Sam Seaborn, appearing in two of the final four episodes. In 2011, Lowe appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and stated that he left the show because he did not feel he was being respected, when the other lead characters received a raise and he did not. After leaving the show, Lowe was star and executive producer of a failed NBC drama, The Lyon's Den (2003). In 2004, he tried again in a series entitled Dr. Vegas, but it also was quickly canceled. In 2005, he starred as Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee in a London West End production of Sorkin's play A Few Good Men, the first time the two had worked together since The West Wing. Although Lowe had expressed unhappiness about his decreased role on that show at the time of his departure, he has now repeatedly said that any animosity between them is over and that he was pleased to be working once more with Sorkin, whose talents as a writer Lowe highly regards. Lowe passed on the role of Dr. Derek Shepherd of Grey's Anatomy, which eventually went to Patrick Dempsey. Despite his two canceled TV series and flops like View From the Top and the made-for-TV movie Perfect Strangers during his post–West Wing run, Lowe found success in the TV miniseries genre. 2004 marked his return to this genre; he had appeared in 1994's The Stand, based on Stephen King's book of the same name. In 2004, Lowe starred in the TNT remake of the Stephen King miniseries Salem's Lot which was the highest rated cable program of that summer and the highest ratings TNT original programming had at the time. In 2005, Lowe starred in the miniseries Beach Girls on the Lifetime network, based on the Luanne Rice novel of the same name. The series premiere received the highest ratings for a movie premiere in Lifetime history. In that same year, Lowe filmed his critically acclaimed role as super movie agent in the 2006 independent film Thank You for Smoking. In 2006, he filmed The Perfect Day for TNT, in which he took a pay cut to film in New Orleans in order to help the hurricane ravaged area. That same year, Lowe filmed Stir of Echoes: The Homecoming, the ""sequel"" to the 1999 Kevin Bacon thriller Stir of Echoes. In 2006, it was announced that Lowe would join the cast of Brothers & Sisters for a guest run of several episodes. In January 2007, ABC announced that Lowe would be staying on Brothers and Sisters as a ""special guest star"" for the rest of season 1 after Lowe's initial appearance on the show in November 2006 brought the best ratings and demographic showing for the show since its premiere. Soon after ABC announced an early season 2 renewal for Brother & Sisters in March 2007, Lowe announced he would be returning for the show's second season. He continued to appear in the series until the end of the 2009–2010 season. Unhappy with the stories and his lack of screen time in the fourth season, Lowe announced he would leave. In an episode broadcast on May 16, 2010, his character was part of a multi-vehicle crash involving a large truck and was put into a coma, the storyline was wrapped up in the first episode of the fifth season; Lowe did not appear in the episode. In June 2006, he was the guest host for an episode in the third series of The Friday Night Project for the United Kingdom's Channel 4. Lowe has also appeared in a televised advertisement for 'Visit California', along with other celebrities including Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Lowe had a supporting role in the 2009 movie The Invention of Lying and a leading role in Too Late to Say Goodbye. In 2010, he appeared in the biography of the Brat Packers called: Brat Pack: Where Are They Now? He also appeared on The Tonight Show With Conan O'Brien. Lowe is currently teaming up with 44 Blue to produce a reality series entitled Potomac Fever about young adults living in Washington, DC. In July 2010, it was announced that Lowe would be providing the voice for the superhero Captain Marvel in the upcoming animated series, Young Justice. It was also announced in July 2010 that Lowe would become a series regular on the series Parks and Recreation. In 2011, Lowe guest starred in a recurring role on Showtime's comedy Californication. Lowe featured as the troubled but in-demand actor Eddie Nero - a character based upon ""about ten people"", according to Lowe but somewhat contradicted by sources at Showtime itself - employed to portray Hank in a film version his book, Fucking and Punching. In 2011, Lowe wrote a memoir titled Stories I Only Tell My Friends, which was released in May 2011. During Lowe’s promotional tour for Stories I Only Tell My Friends, Lowe told Australian radio show The Kyle & Jackie O Show that during his 5-day press visit to Australia in 1990, he was so badly affected by the overuse of pain-killers that the only two things he remembers from the trip was being at the Sydney Zoo and getting a tattoo. Rob Lowe is a fan of the NFL football team the Indianapolis Colts. Lowe, a little-known actor at the time, and Little House on the Prairie actress Melissa Gilbert briefly met at age 14 in 1978 in the halls of the CBS Television Studios. In 1981, when both were 17, she spotted Lowe stopped at the red light next to her car and the two began dating. The relationship was rocky and fraught with infidelity. During the filming of 1984's The Hotel New Hampshire, Lowe began an affair with Nastassja Kinski. In Gilbert's 2009 autobiography, Prairie Tale: A Memoir, she talks about sleeping with Lowe's then-best friend, John Cusack, while Lowe was away filming. According to Gilbert, she caught Lowe in Kinski's hotel room and then slept with Cusack out of revenge. Lowe broke up with Gilbert in 1986 when he began dating Princess Stéphanie, but when the relationship with the princess ended, Gilbert and Lowe reunited. The two quickly got engaged and were to be married in the summer of 1987. But when Gilbert informed Lowe that she was pregnant, he broke up with her for good. She miscarried only days later. Lowe married makeup artist Sheryl Berkoff in July 1991; they have two sons: Matthew Edward Lowe (b. Sept 24, 1993), and John Owen Lowe (b. Nov 6, 1995). They live in Santa Barbara, California. In 1988, Lowe was involved in a sex scandal over a videotape of him having sex with two women, one of whom was 16. She was filmed with Lowe during the night before the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta. Lowe has asserted that he did not know that the second girl was underage, and it was confirmed that the two had met at a bar. At the time, Lowe was campaigning for Michael Dukakis. Another part of the same tape was leaked at the time, showing Lowe and his friend Justin Moritt, later the line producer, both having sexual intercourse and oral sex with a young American model named Jennifer, in a hotel room in Paris. This part of the original tape was sold as one of the first commercially available celebrity sex tapes, damaging his public image. Eventually, his career rebounded and Lowe mocked his own behavior during two post-scandal appearances as host of Saturday Night Live. In April 2008, Lowe filed separate lawsuits against three former employees accusing them of breach of contract, defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Lowe accuses an ex-nanny of engaging in a scheme to hurt the couple by spreading ""malicious lies"". Another ex-nanny is accused of falsely claiming to have had a personal and intimate relationship with Lowe, and also repeatedly expressing romantic interest in Rob, claiming that Lowe sexually harassed her and that Sheryl Lowe was an abusive employer. Lowe claims a former chef engaged in sex on their bed with third parties when the family was out of town, stole prescription drugs from the Lowes, broke several security cameras, overcharged them for food, and allegedly made statements to various people that Sheryl was heartless, cold and unclean. Jessica Gibson, 24-year-old former nanny for Lowe, made 12 allegations against Lowe involving sexual harassment claims and labor-code violations. On June 19, 2008 , Santa Barbara, California, Superior Court Judge Denise de Bellefeuille dismissed two allegations regarding labor-code violations due to lack of legal basis. The legal battle ended in May 2009, the press reported that court records showed that lawsuits filed by both nannies and Lowe have been dismissed in Santa Barbara. Attorneys for both women and Lowe sought the dismissals. Lowe was the first male spokesperson for the 2000 Lee National Denim Day fundraiser, which raises millions of dollars for breast cancer research and education. His grandmother and great-grandmother both suffered from breast cancer, and his mother died of the disease in late 2003. Lowe is a founder of the Homeowner's Defense Fund, a Santa Barbara County non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to local control of land-use planning and transparency in government. The average price of tract homes in Santa Barbara in early 2006 was $1,100,000, which motivated some to propose denser housing on existing lots. While in favor of increasing housing density, he has sought to build a 14,260-square-foot (1,325 m2) mansion for himself in Montecito, California. Lowe's protest over the appearance of the address of the empty lot in the Santa Barbara News-Press precipitated a mass resignation of senior employees at that newspaper on July 6, 2006, and was a proximate cause of the Santa Barbara News-Press controversy.",1
News Breakfast,"News Breakfast  2016-02-29T21:37:59Z  ABC News Breakfast is an Australian news breakfast television program which broadcasts on ABC and ABC News 24 from 6am to 9am on weekdays. The program airs live in all Australian timezones on the high-definition digital free-to-air channel ABC News 24. It is also streamed live on the ABC's website and broadcast live on Foxtel pay television service. It is also broadcast on the Australia Network throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The program commenced broadcasting on 3 November 2008 on ABC2, with hosts Virginia Trioli and Michael Rowland. They are joined by sport presenter Paul Kennedy, finance presenter Del Irani and weather presenter Vanessa O'Hanlon. Erin Vincent is the program's executive producer. ABC News Breakfast covers the latest news, analysis, debate, finance, sport and weather. It draws upon the resources of ABC newsrooms and radio programs across Australia and the world. During winter, the program is broadcast live on digital free-to-air channel ABC in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania. It is broadcast on a 30-minute delay in South Australia and the Northern Territory and on a two-hour delay in Western Australia. During summer, when only some Australian states adopt daylight saving time, the program is broadcast live on free-to-air channel ABC only in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania. It is broadcast on a 30-minute delay in South Australia, a 60-minute delay in Queensland, a 90-minute delay in the Northern Territory and on a three-hour delay in Western Australia. During this time, ABC News 24 broadcasts the program live Australian Eastern Daylight Savings time across Australia. In May 2011, the program moved to ABC, with children's programming moving to ABC2 and ABC3. In November 2011, it was announced that the ABC News Breakfast brand would spread to the weekend with Weekend Breakfast hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. In January 2014, ABC News Breakfast had an extensive makeover, launching a larger new and improved set with three different individual presenting areas. The set includes a news desk, a newswall presenting area and a soft set with seating. Ironically the new set kept the existing couch that has been seen on air since the show's launch. Weekend Breakfast is a mix of live breaking news and discussion, interviews with newsmakers and the weekend sport and weather hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. The show began on 4 February 2012 and airs from 8am to 11:30am on weekend mornings on ABC News 24. | Paul Kennedy || Sports Presenter || 2008–present |} | Del Irani || Finance Presenter || 2015–present |} | Vanessa O'Hanlon || Weather Presenter || 2008–present The program features a number of regular segments and guests which appear each morning discussing the latest news and politics. ,  News Breakfast  2017-12-18T04:49:25Z  News Breakfast is an Australian news breakfast television program which broadcasts on ABC from 6am to 9am on weekdays. The program airs live in all Australian timezones at 6am AEST/AEDT on the ABC News channel. It is also streamed live on the ABC's website and the Australia Network throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The program commenced broadcasting on 3 November 2008 as ABC News Breakfast on ABC2, with hosts Virginia Trioli Barrie Cassidy (Monday-Thursday) and Joe O'Brien (Friday), sport presenter Paul Kennedy and weather presenter Vanessa O'Hanlon. News Breakfast is currently hosted by Virginia Trioli and Michael Rowland and is broadcast on ABC TV and ABC News. They are joined by sport presenter Paul Kennedy, finance presenter Del Irani and weather presenter Nate Byrne. Erin Vincent is the program's executive producer. News Breakfast covers the latest news, analysis, debate, finance, sport and weather. It draws upon the resources of ABC newsrooms and radio programs across Australia and the world. The program is broadcast live on ABC in the states of New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, and Tasmania all-year round. It is broadcast on a 30-minute delay in South Australia (all-year) and the Northern Territory (wintertime). On wintertime, Queensland broadcasts the program live, while Western Australia airs the program on a two hour delay. During summer, when only some Australian states adopt daylight saving time, Queensland receives the program on a one hour delay, a 90-minute delay in the Northern Territory and on a three-hour delay in Western Australia. Either way, the ABC News channel broadcasts the program live across Australia from 6am AEST/AEDT. In May 2011, the program moved to ABC, with children's programming moving to ABC2 and ABC3. In November 2011, it was announced that the ABC News Breakfast brand would expand to the weekend with Weekend Breakfast hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. In January 2014, ABC News Breakfast had an extensive makeover, launching a larger new and improved set with three different individual presenting areas. The set includes a news desk, a newswall presenting area and a soft set with seating. The new set kept the existing couch that has been seen on air since the show's launch. In April 2017, following the refresh of the ABC News brand, the show rebranded to News Breakfast. Weekend Breakfast is a mix of live breaking news and discussion, interviews with newsmakers and the weekend sport and weather hosted by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. The show began on 4 February 2012 and airs from 8am to 11:30am on weekend mornings on the ABC News channel. The program features a number of regular segments and guests which appear each morning discussing the latest news and politics.",1
Susana González,"Susana González  2013-01-20T17:44:56Z  Susana Alejandra González (born October 2, 1973 in Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas) is a Mexican actress. This particular Mexican actress is known for her talent, beauty and docile character. She was a partner of Eduardo Santamarina. Susana wanted to be an actress from a very young age. She was offered a chance to study acting in Mexico City after winning a beauty contest in her home town. When Susana was 18 years old, she won a scholarship to Televisa’s acting academy, the Centro de Educación Artística. She was so determined to be an actress that she decided to move from Calera to Mexico City. She was encouraged by the enormous support she received from her family. Her roles have ranged from a ruthless woman in Amigas y rivales to a sweet and naive girl in Entre el amor y el odio. In 2004 she starred in Al otro lado, a movie co-produced by Spain, Morocco and Mexico. This was an excellent chance for her to be known worldwide. In 2005 she was offered to work in Miami, Florida nearly for a year and a half to shoot the telenovela El amor no tiene precio. This was a difficult time for her due to the time she had to spent far from home. In 2006 she took part in Bailando por la Boda de Mis Sueños, a reality dancing show. She did not win the first place but won the hearts of the people and judges because of her charisma, sweetness, will to succeed and tenacity. In 2007 she played the main role of Camila Darien in the telenovela Pasión, produced by Carla Estrada. In S.O.S.: Sexo y otros Secretos she plays the role of Tania. This TV show offers a perspective of a group of women with five different lives who take us into the private side of womenhood. Susana is a daughter of a man named Refugio González and his wife Elvira, sister of Erica González and the mother of Santiago Elias González and Susana Elias González. ,  Susana González  2014-12-06T23:04:55Z  Susana González (Spanish pronunciation: ; born Susana Alejandra González del Río on October 2, 1973 in Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas, Mexico) is a Mexican actress and model.",1
Surfactant_protein_A1,"Surfactant_protein_A1  2012-08-20T17:44:51Z   Template:PBB Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A), also known as surfactant protein A1 (SFTPA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene (SP-A1) is primarily synthesized in lung alveolar type II cells (see type II pneumocyte), as part of a complex of lipids and proteins known as pulmonary surfactant. The function of this complex is to reduce surface tension in the alveolus and prevent collapse during expiration. The protein component of surfactant helps in the modulation of the innate immune response, and inflammatory processes. SP-A1 is a member of a subfamily of C-type lectins called collectins. Together with SP-A2 (see SFTPA2), they are the most abundant proteins of pulmonary surfactant. SP-A1 binds to the carbohydrates found in the surface of several microorganisms and helps in the defense against respiratory pathogens. Surfactant homeostasis is critical for breathing (and thus survival) in the prematurely born infant, but also for maintaining lung health, and normal lung function throughout life. Quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in surfactant composition and/or function are associated with respiratory diseases. SFTPA1 is located in the long arm of chromosome 10, close to SFTPA2. The SFTPA1 gene is 4505 base pairs in length, and 94% similar to SFTPA2. The structure of SFTPA1 consists of four coding exons (I-IV), and several 5'UTR untranslated exons (A, B, B’, C, C’,D, D’). The expression of SFTPA1 is regulated by cellular factors including proteins, small RNAs (microRNAs), glucocorticoids, etc. Its expression is also regulated by epigenetic and environmental factors. Differences in the SFTPA1 gene sequence at the coding region determine SP-A genetic variants or haplotypes among individuals. More than 30 variants have been identified and characterized for SFTPA1 (and SFTPA2) in the population. SFTPA1 variants result from nucleotide changes in the codons of amino acids 19, 50, 62, 133, and 219. Two of these do not modify the SP-A1 protein sequence (amino acids 62 and 133), whereas the rest result in amino acid substitutions (amino acid 19, 50, 133, and 219). Four SP-A1 variants (6A, 6A2, 6A3, 6A4) are in higher frequency in the general population. The most frequently found variant is 6A2. SP-A is a protein of 248 amino acids usually found in large oligomeric structures. The mature SP-A1 monomer is a 35kDa protein that differs from SP-A2 in four amino acids at the coding region. The structure of SP-A1 monomers consists of four domains: an N-terminal, a collagen-like domain, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition domain. The C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) allows binding to various types of microorganisms and molecules. The amino acid differences that distinguish between SP-A1 and SP-A2 genes and between their corresponding variants are located at the collagen-like domain. The amino acid differences that distinguish among SFTPA1 variants are located both at the carbohydrate recognition and the collagen-like domains. SP-A1 monomers group with other SP-A1 or SP-A2 monomers in trimeric structural subunits of 105kDa. Six of these structures group in 630 kDa structures that resemble flower bouquets. These oligomers contain a total of eighteen SP-A1 and/or SP-A2 monomers. Deficiency in SP-A levels is associated with infant respiratory distress syndrome in prematurely born infants with developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. SFTPA1 genetic variants, SNPs, haplotypes, and other genetic variations have been associated with acute and chronic lung disease in several populations of neonates, children, and adults. The ratio of SP-A1 to total SP-A has been correlated with lung disease (e. g. asthma, cystic fibrosis) and aging. ,  Surfactant_protein_A1  2013-11-18T23:36:27Z   Template:PBB Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A), also known as surfactant protein A1 (SFTPA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene (SP-A1) is primarily synthesized in lung alveolar type II cells (see type II pneumocyte), as part of a complex of lipids and proteins known as pulmonary surfactant. The function of this complex is to reduce surface tension in the alveolus and prevent collapse during expiration. The protein component of surfactant helps in the modulation of the innate immune response, and inflammatory processes. SP-A1 is a member of a subfamily of C-type lectins called collectins. Together with SP-A2 (see SFTPA2), they are the most abundant proteins of pulmonary surfactant. SP-A1 binds to the carbohydrates found in the surface of several microorganisms and helps in the defense against respiratory pathogens. Surfactant homeostasis is critical for breathing (and thus survival) in the prematurely born infant, but also for maintaining lung health, and normal lung function throughout life. Quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in surfactant composition and/or function are associated with respiratory diseases. The lung is the main site of SFTPA1 synthesis, but SFTPA1 mRNA expression has also been detected in the trachea, prostate, pancreas, thymus, colon, eye, salivary gland and other tissues. Using specific monoclonal antibodies for Surfactant protein A, the protein can be detected in lung alveolar type II pneumocytes, Clara cells, and alveolar macrophages, but no extrapulmonary SP-A immunoreactivity was observed. SFTPA1 is located in the long arm of chromosome 10, close to SFTPA2. The SFTPA1 gene is 4505 base pairs in length, and 94% similar to SFTPA2. The structure of SFTPA1 consists of four coding exons (I-IV), and several 5'UTR untranslated exons (A, B, B’, C, C’,D, D’). The expression of SFTPA1 is regulated by cellular factors including proteins, small RNAs (microRNAs), glucocorticoids, etc. Its expression is also regulated by epigenetic and environmental factors. Differences in the SFTPA1 gene sequence at the coding region determine SP-A genetic variants or haplotypes among individuals. More than 30 variants have been identified and characterized for SFTPA1 (and SFTPA2) in the population. SFTPA1 variants result from nucleotide changes in the codons of amino acids 19, 50, 62, 133, and 219. Two of these do not modify the SP-A1 protein sequence (amino acids 62 and 133), whereas the rest result in amino acid substitutions (amino acid 19, 50, 133, and 219). Four SP-A1 variants (6A, 6A2, 6A3, 6A4) are in higher frequency in the general population. The most frequently found variant is 6A2. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a protein of 248 amino acids usually found in large oligomeric structures. The mature SP-A1 monomer is a 35kDa protein that differs from SP-A2 in four amino acids at the coding region. The structure of SP-A1 monomers consists of four domains: an N-terminal, a collagen-like domain, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition domain. The C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) allows binding to various types of microorganisms and molecules. The amino acid differences that distinguish between SP-A1 and SP-A2 genes and between their corresponding variants are located at the collagen-like domain. The amino acid differences that distinguish among SFTPA1 variants are located both at the carbohydrate recognition and the collagen-like domains. SP-A1 monomers group with other SP-A1 or SP-A2 monomers in trimeric structural subunits of 105kDa. Six of these structures group in 630 kDa structures that resemble flower bouquets. These oligomers contain a total of eighteen SP-A1 and/or SP-A2 monomers. The role of SFTPA1 in innate immunity has been extensively studied. SP-A has the ability to bind and agglutinate bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other non-biological antigens. Some of the functions by which both SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 contribute to innate immunity include: Environmental insults such as air pollution, and exposure to high concentrations of ozone and particulate matter can affect SP-A expression and function, via mechanisms that involve epigenetic regulation of SFTPA1 expression. Deficiency in SP-A levels is associated with infant respiratory distress syndrome in prematurely born infants with developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. SFTPA1 genetic variants, SNPs, haplotypes, and other genetic variations have been associated with acute and chronic lung disease in several populations of neonates, children, and adults. Genetic variations in SFTPA1 have been associated with susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a lung disease characterized by shortness of breath, pulmonary infiltrates and inflammation that results in acute lung injury with subsequent scarring of lung tissue. Genetic variations in SFTPA1 are also a cause of susceptibility to respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, a lung disease characterized by deficient gas exchange, diffuse atelectasis, high-permeability lung edema and fibrin-rich alveolar deposits ""surfactant protein A1"". . The ratio of SP-A1 to total SP-A has been correlated with lung disease (e. g. asthma, cystic fibrosis) and aging. Methylation of SFTPA1 promoter sequences has also been found in lung cancer tissue. Gene expression of SFTPA1 is regulated at different levels including gene transcription, post-transcriptional processing, stability and translation (biology) of mature mRNA. One of the important features of human surfactant protein A mRNAs is that they have a variable five prime untranslated region (5’UTR) generated from splicing variation of exons A, B, C, and D. At least 10 forms of human SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 5’UTRs have been identified that differ in nucleotide sequence, length, and relative amount. Specific SFTPA1 or SFTPA2 5’UTRs have also been characterized. Some SFTPA1 specific 5’UTRs include exons B’ or C. These two exons contain upstream AUGs (uAUGs) that can potentially act as sites for translation initiation (see eukaryotic translation), affecting protein translation and SFTPA1 relative content. The majority of SFTPA1 transcripts lack exon B, a sequence implicated in transcription and translation enhancement, indicating a differential regulation of SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 expression. The AD’ form is the most represented among SFTPA1 transcripts (81%), and experimental work has shown that this sequence can stabilize mRNA and enhance translation, but the mechanisms implicated in this regulation are still under investigation. While differences at the 5’UTR are shown to regulate both transcription and translation, polymorphisms at the 3’UTR of SP-A1 variants are shown to primarily, differentially affect translation efficiency via mechanisms that involve binding of proteins and/or . The impact of this regulation on SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 protein levels may contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to lung disease. Environmental insults and pollutants also affect SFTPA1 expression. Exposure of lung cells to particulate matter affects splicing of 5’UTR exons of SFTPA1 transcripts. Pollutants and viral infections also affect SFTPA1 translation mechanisms (see eukaryotic translation, translation (biology)).",0
Compile Heart,"Compile Heart  2013-01-11T14:55:58Z  COMPILE HEART Co.,Ltd. (株式会社コンパイルハート, Kabushikigaisha Konpairu Hāto) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded in 2006-06-02. It is a division of Idea Factory. The company was formerly managed by Compile's former executive Moo Niitani before his retirement in 2006-12.,  Compile Heart  2014-12-25T20:31:57Z  COMPILE HEART Co.,Ltd. (株式会社コンパイルハート, Kabushikigaisha Konpairu Hāto) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded on the second of June, 2006 as a division of Idea Factory. The company was formerly managed by Compile's former executive Masamitsu ""Moo"" Niitani, most well known as the creator of the Madou Monogatari and Puyo Puyo series, before his retirement in December 2012. Compile Heart is primarily known for its Hyperdimension Neptunia and Record of Agarest War brands. As of 2014, the company managed to acquire back most of its property rights under Compile, however, rights to the Puyo Puyo series remain the property of Sega. Compile Heart has announced a project titled Galapagos RPG, that aims to create new RPGs with a Japanese style, aimed towards Japanese gamers. The first game from this project is a ""Fantasy RPG"" with a dark tone called Fairy Fencer F, and the second being Omega Quintet.",1
Gerald_Howat,"Gerald_Howat  2007-12-14T10:08:31Z   Gerald Howat, born Gerald Malcolm David Howat (12 June 1928 – 10 October 2007), was a British writer on cricket, a historian and a schoolmaster. Howat was born in Glasgow, Scotland. As a boy he was awarded a bursary to Glenalmond College, which was known as ""the Eton of the North"". He continued his education at Edinburgh University. He then did his National Service as a Flying Officer based at RAF Titchfield. He spent three years teaching for the oil firm Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd (TLL) at Pointe-à-Pierre. Sonny Ramadhin was the firm's storekeeper. Returning to England, he was head of the history department at Kelly College in Tavistock for five years, followed by fourteen years at Culham College of Education as principal lecturer and head of the history department. Meanwhile he undertook a research degree on ""the place of history in education"" for Exeter College, Oxford. He also turned his hand to the world of publishing, for a time being general editor of the Historical Division of Pergamon Press. He wrote several school textbooks, and was general editor of a Dictionary of World History (1973), a massive project wehich involved working closely with an advisory board that included A. J. P. Taylor, Max Beloff and Asa Briggs. He also spent a year with Mitchell Beazley editing an illustrated biographical dictionary entitled Who Did What (1974). He was Head of History at Radley College, but writing and editing was taking much of his attention, and neither he nor the school was very happy with his time there. He said: ""I was not ambitious to be a headmaster and I came to resent the fact that I never had time to put pen to paper (or, more specifically, to write a book) during my years there. "" In 1977, he moved to a senior pastoral post at Lord Williams's School, Thame, which gave him more time to pursue his other interests. For a short period he was also a visiting professor at Western Kentucky University. He also acted as an Oxbridge Board examiner. He retired from teaching in 1985. He was an associate editor of the 2004 edition of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. He supplied seventy entries himself, many on former cricketers. He covered schools cricket for The Daily Telegraph for many years, as well as for The Cricketer. His retirement from academia gave him more time for his cricket writing, and he produced several well received biographies of famous players. That on Learie Constantine, whom he had first met when at Glenalmond College, won the Cricket Society's golden jubilee award. His last book was his autobiography, Cricket All My Life. He was an MCC member for over 40 years. He chaired the club's publishing working party. He seemed well-qualified to serve on the arts and library sub-committee, but he did not get on with the sub-committee's chairman, E. W. Swanton. Howat played club cricket as a wicket-keeper for Moreton CC in Oxfordshire until he was 77. He was associated with the club for almost fifty years. Howat died at Oxford on 10 October 2007 at age 79. His Independent obituarist wrote, ""You had to be quick to keep up with Gerald Howat. The short, staccato sentences were delivered at machine-gun pace. . . It reflected a fecund and restless mind"",  Gerald_Howat  2010-05-03T21:08:38Z   Gerald Howat, born Gerald Malcolm David Howat (12 June 1928 – 10 October 2007), was a British writer on cricket, a historian and a schoolmaster. Howat was born in Glasgow, Scotland. As a boy he was awarded a bursary to Glenalmond College. He continued his education at Edinburgh University. He then did his National Service as a Flying Officer based at RAF Titchfield. He spent three years teaching for the oil firm Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd (TLL) at Pointe-à-Pierre. Sonny Ramadhin was the firm's storekeeper. Returning to England, he was head of the history department at Kelly College in Tavistock for five years, followed by fourteen years at Culham College of Education as principal lecturer and head of the history department. Meanwhile he undertook a research degree on ""the place of history in education"" for Exeter College, Oxford. He also turned his hand to the world of publishing, for a time being general editor of the Historical Division of Pergamon Press. He wrote several school textbooks, and was general editor of a Dictionary of World History (1973), a massive project which involved working closely with an advisory board that included A. J. P. Taylor, Max Beloff and Asa Briggs. He also spent a year with Mitchell Beazley editing an illustrated biographical dictionary entitled Who Did What (1974). He was Head of History at Radley College, but writing and editing was taking much of his attention, and neither he nor the school was very happy with his time there. He said: ""I was not ambitious to be a headmaster and I came to resent the fact that I never had time to put pen to paper (or, more specifically, to write a book) during my years there. "" In 1977, he moved to a senior pastoral post at Lord Williams's School, Thame, which gave him more time to pursue his other interests. For a short period he was also a visiting professor at Western Kentucky University. He also acted as an Oxbridge Board examiner. He retired from teaching in 1985. He was an associate editor of the 2004 edition of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. He supplied seventy entries himself, many on former cricketers. He covered schools cricket for The Daily Telegraph for many years, as well as for The Cricketer. His retirement from academia gave him more time for his cricket writing, and he produced several well received biographies of famous players. That on Learie Constantine, whom he had first met when at Glenalmond College, won the Cricket Society's golden jubilee award. His last book was his autobiography, Cricket All My Life. He was an MCC member for over 40 years. He chaired the club's publishing working party. He seemed well-qualified to serve on the arts and library sub-committee, but he did not get on with the sub-committee's chairman, E. W. Swanton. Howat played club cricket as a wicket-keeper for Moreton CC in Oxfordshire until he was 77. He was associated with the club for almost fifty years. His son, Michael, played first-class cricket for Cambridge University as a medium-fast bowler, appearing in the University Match in 1977 and 1980. Howat died at Oxford on 10 October 2007 at age 79. His Independent obituarist wrote, ""You had to be quick to keep up with Gerald Howat. The short, staccato sentences were delivered at machine-gun pace. . . It reflected a fecund and restless mind""",0
Wonderland_Road,"Wonderland_Road  2010-04-18T18:08:18Z   Wonderland Road is a major north-south arterial road in London, Ontario. Wonderland Road takes its name from the Wonderland Gardens concert hall located near Springbank Park. The present-day Wonderland Road corridor is made up of part or all of six London-area roads. The original Wonderland Sideroad was a gravel road running between Southdale Road and the Thames River, with Wonderland Gardens located at the end of the road just before the river. In 1970, a major upgrade took place in conjunction with the new Westmount development, that saw the road widened to four lanes with a centre median south of Commissioners Road, and a new two-lane road south of Viscount Road that bypassed the existing road to the east, connecting at Southdale Road with the old Airport Road which ran south to Highway 135. North of the Thames River, the modern-day Wonderland Road corridor consisted of: Hutton Sideroad, which existed from Riverside Drive north to the Sarnia Gravel Road; a north-south section of Sarnia Road which ran from Hutton Road and then continued westwards along today's Gainsborough Road; north of this point, Cameron Sideroad continued northward to Highway 7. Hutton Sideroad passed under the Canadian National Railway tracks via a one-lane subway located slightly west of the current wider subway, which was constructed in the late 1950s. At some point in the 1970s, Sarnia Road was realigned to continue westward from Hutton Road along Springhill Road, and Hutton Road was extended northward along the former section of Sarnia Road and Cameron Road. In 1977, a new four-lane bridge was opened connecting Wonderland Road south of the river to Hutton Road north of the river. This bridge was named in memory of Londoner Guy Lombardo, who had recently died and had often played at nearby Wonderland Gardens. At the same time, a four-lane diversion was built to the west of the original alignment between Commissioners Road and Springbank Drive. Wonderland Road was now a continuous four-lane facility from Viscount Road to Kingsway Avenue. The four-lane section was extended north to just beyond Oxford Street in 1982. In 1987, a new four-lane bridge was built over the Canadian Pacific Railway just south of Sarnia Road, replacing a two-lane level crossing. The four-lane section of Wonderland Road was further extended to Gainsborough Road in 1996, and a small section south of Fanshawe Park Road was widened to four lanes in 1998. At the south end of the city, for many years Wonderland Road ended at Highway 135, later Exeter Road. The section between Southdale Road and Highway 135 was widened to four lanes in 1982 by Middlesex County, and the City of London widened the road north of Southdale to Viscount Road in the late 1980s. In 1997, a southerly extension joined Wonderland Road with Bostwick Road, which also crossed Highway 402. An interchange was constructed at Highway 402 at the same time. There is currently a proposal to extend Wonderland Road to Highway 401 with a new interchange. This would likely coincide with the future widening of Highway 401 to six lanes. This is on a 5-10 year planning horizon. ,  Wonderland_Road  2011-04-18T18:00:16Z   Wonderland Road is a major north-south arterial road in London, Ontario. It is also the busiest road in London, carrying over 45,000 vehicles between Springbank Drive and Riverside Drive as of 2002. Wonderland Road takes its name from the Wonderland Gardens concert hall located near Springbank Park. The present-day Wonderland Road corridor is made up of part or all of six London-area roads. The original Wonderland Sideroad was a gravel road running between Southdale Road and the Thames River, with Wonderland Gardens located at the end of the road just before the river. In 1970, a major upgrade took place in conjunction with the new Westmount development, that saw the road widened to four lanes with a centre median south of Commissioners Road, and a new two-lane road south of Viscount Road that bypassed the existing road to the east, connecting at Southdale Road with the old Airport Road which ran south to Highway 135. North of the Thames River, the modern-day Wonderland Road corridor consisted of: Hutton Sideroad, which existed from Riverside Drive north to the Sarnia Gravel Road; a north-south section of Sarnia Road which ran from Hutton Road and then continued westwards along today's Gainsborough Road; north of this point, Cameron Sideroad continued northward to Highway 7. Hutton Sideroad passed under the Canadian National Railway tracks via a one-lane subway located slightly west of the current wider subway, which was constructed in the late 1950s. At some point in the 1970s, Sarnia Road was realigned to continue westward from Hutton Road along Springhill Road, and Hutton Road was extended northward along the former section of Sarnia Road and Cameron Road. In 1977, a new four-lane bridge was opened connecting Wonderland Road south of the river to Hutton Road north of the river. This bridge was named in memory of Londoner Guy Lombardo, who had recently died and had often played at nearby Wonderland Gardens. At the same time, a four-lane diversion was built to the west of the original alignment between Commissioners Road and Springbank Drive. Wonderland Road was now a continuous four-lane facility from Viscount Road to Kingsway Avenue. The four-lane section was extended north to just beyond Oxford Street in 1982. In 1987, a new four-lane bridge was built over the Canadian Pacific Railway just south of Sarnia Road, replacing a two-lane level crossing. The four-lane section of Wonderland Road was further extended to Gainsborough Road in 1996, and a small section south of Fanshawe Park Road was widened to four lanes in 1998. At the south end of the city, for many years Wonderland Road ended at Highway 135, later Exeter Road. The section between Southdale Road and Highway 135 was widened to four lanes in 1982 by Middlesex County, and the City of London widened the road north of Southdale to Viscount Road in the late 1980s. In 1997, a southerly extension joined Wonderland Road with Bostwick Road, which also crossed Highway 402. An interchange was constructed at Highway 402 at the same time. Wonderland Road narrows from four to two lanes between Gainsborough Road and Fanshawe Park Road. Construction is underway to widen this section to four lanes, as well as replacing the bridge over Snake Creek. This should be complete by the end of 2010. Additional widening from Fanshawe Park Road to Sunningdale Road is being planned and is in the city's mid term plans. Long term plans call for Wonderland Road to be widened to six lanes from a future interchange from highway 401 to London's north city limits. An interchange with Highway 401 and Wonderland Road has been planned and environmentally assessed. It will probably be built when the Ontario Ministry of Transportation widens Highway 401 from four to six lanes between Highway 4 and Highway 402 and reconstructs the outdated cloverleaf interchange with nearby Colonel Talbot Road. Construction could start as early as 2015.",0
Chaz Mostert,"Chaz Mostert  2012-03-11T05:14:31Z  Chaz Mostert (born 10 April 1992) Chaz Mostert Raced in Formula Ford winning the 2010 Australian Formula Ford Championship, and Also now competing in the Dunlop V8 Supercar Series for Ford Performance Racing Mostert progressed into Formula Ford in 2008, Chaz finished a 11th in his first Season of Formula Ford, and In 2010 He Won the Formula Ford Championship with a Record of most race wins in a season. In 2010 Chaz Mostert got the Chance to Drive a Miles Racing Falcon at Bathurst in the Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series and he impressed everyone, so in 2011 Miles Racing recruited Chaz for the 2011 Season, After showing his skill and the wet and the dry so Ford Performance Racing signed him up for the Next Round at Sandown and Mostert straight away got Pole and Continued his form to the Sydney 500. 2011 saw Mostert race with Ford Performance Racing once again, heading into the first round at Clipsal with a great car underneath him. Which helped him get Pole and Clean sweep the Weekend with 2 Race Wins. ,  Chaz Mostert  2013-12-09T13:09:47Z  Chaz Mostert (born 10 April 1992) raced in Formula Ford winning the 2010 Australian Formula Ford Championship, and now competing in the International V8 Supercar Series for Dick Johnson Racing. Mostert progressed into Formula Ford in 2008, Chaz finished a 11th in his first Season of Formula Ford, and in 2010 he won the Formula Ford Championship with a record of most race wins in a season. In 2010 Chaz Mostert got the chance to drive a Miles Racing Falcon at Bathurst in the Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series where he exceeded expectations, leading to Chaz being signed by Miles Racing for the 2011 Season. Again, he performed strongly for the team, particularly in wet conditions. Ford Performance Racing sign him for the next round at Sandown to drive the team's first development series car, an FG Falcon. Mostert scored a pole position on debut for the team and performed well for the remainder of the season. 2012 saw Mostert race with Ford Performance Racing once again, heading into the first round at Clipsal 500 with a great car underneath him. Which helped him get pole and clean sweep the weekend with 2 race wins. On 1 December 2012 Mostert was awarded an Honorary commission as a Lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy. He was presented with his commission by the Chief of Navy Vice Admiral Raymond Griggs. Mostert ran one round in the Development Series in 2013 before being moved up into the Championship Series. He currently drives car #12 for Dick Johnson Racing, with Ford Performance Racing providing technical support. On 28 July 2013, Mostert won his first Championship Series race at the 2013 Coates Hire Ipswich 360. TBA 9 Jack Le Brocq 2 Ryan Wood 25 Chaz Mostert 3 Aaron Love 7 James Courtney 4 Cameron Hill 10 Nick Percat 6 Cam Waters 55 Thomas Randle 8 Andre Heimgartner 14 Bryce Fullwood 12 Jaxon Evans 96 Macauley Jones 11 Anton de Pasquale 17 Will Davison 18 Mark Winterbottom 20 David Reynolds 19 Matthew Payne 26 Richie Stanaway 23 Tim Slade 31 James Golding 87 Will Brown 88 Broc Feeney",1
Alicante_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency),"Alicante_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency)  2007-12-18T19:47:37Z   Alicante is one of the 52 electoral districts (circunscripciónes) used for the Spanish Congress of Deputies - the lower chamber of the Spanish Parliament, the Cortes Generales. It was first contested in modern times in the 1977 General Election. It is the fifth largest district in terms of electorate after Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Sevilla. It has been one of the fastest growing districts in recent years with the electorate growing by 20% between 1993 and 2004 compared to the Spanish average of 11% growth in electorate Alicante is the largest town with Elche the only other municipality with an electorate over 100,000. Under Article 68 of the Spanish constitution the boundaries must be the same as the province of Alicante and under Article 140 this can only be altered with the approval of congress. Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage in a secret ballot. The electoral system used is closed list proportional representation with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method. Only lists which poll 3% or more of all valid votes cast, including votes ""en blanco"" i. e. for ""none of the above"" can be considered for seats. Under article 12 of the constitution, the minimum voting age is 18. Article 67. 3 of the Spanish Constitution prohibits dual membership of the Cortes and regional assemblies, meaning that candidates must resign from Regional Assemblies if successfully elected. Article 70 also makes active judges, magistrates, public defenders, serving military personnel, active police officers and members of constitutional and electoral tribunals ineligible. In the general elections of 1977, 1979 and 1982 Alicante returned 9 members. That figure was reduced to 10 members for the 1986 election and it gained an eleventh seat for the 1996 election. It has stayed at that figure since then. Under Spanish electoral law, all provinces are entitled to a minimum of 2 seats with a remaining 248 seats apportioned according to population. These laws are laid out in detail in the 1985 electoral law. (Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General) The practical effect of this law has been to overrepresent smaller provinces at the expense of larger provinces. In 2004 Spain had 34,571,831 voters giving an average of 98,777 voters per deputy . In Alicante the ratio was slightly above that at 104,976. Seats shown for the People's Party include seats won by their predecessors, the Popular Alliance and the Popular Coalition before 1989. Seats shown for United Left include seats won by the Communist Party of Spain before 1986. Source:,  Alicante_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency)  2009-11-05T01:34:40Z   Alicante is one of the 52 electoral districts (circunscripciones) used for the Spanish Congress of Deputies - the lower chamber of the Spanish Parliament, the Cortes Generales. It was first contested in modern times in the 1977 General Election. It is the fifth largest district in terms of electorate after Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Sevilla. It has been one of the fastest growing districts in recent years with the electorate growing by 20% between 1993 and 2004 compared to the Spanish average of 11% growth in electorate and consequently gained an extra seat for the 2008 general election. Alicante is the largest town with over 230,000 voters in the year 2008. With 162,000 voters Elche was the only other municipality with an electorate over 100,000. The next largest municipalities were Alcoy, Elda, Benidorm and Orihuela all with between 40,000 and 50,000 voters out of the total electorate of just over 1,170,000. Under Article 68 of the Spanish constitution the boundaries must be the same as the province of Alicante and under Article 140 this can only be altered with the approval of congress. Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage in a secret ballot. The electoral system used is closed list proportional representation with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method. Only lists which poll 3% or more of all valid votes cast, including votes ""en blanco"" i. e. for ""none of the above"" can be considered for seats. Under article 12 of the constitution, the minimum voting age is 18. Article 67. 3 of the Spanish Constitution prohibits dual membership of the Cortes and regional assemblies, meaning that candidates must resign from Regional Assemblies if successfully elected. Article 70 also makes active judges, magistrates, public defenders, serving military personnel, active police officers and members of constitutional and electoral tribunals ineligible. In the general elections of 1977, 1979 and 1982 Alicante returned nine members. That figure was increased to ten members for the 1986 election and it gained an eleventh seat for the 1996 election. It has elected twelve members from the 2008 election onwards. Under Spanish electoral law, all provinces are entitled to a minimum of 2 seats with a remaining 248 seats apportioned according to population. These laws are laid out in detail in the 1985 electoral law. (Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General) The practical effect of this law has been to overrepresent smaller provinces at the expense of larger provinces. In 2004 Spain had 34,571,831 voters giving an average of 98,777 voters per deputy . In Alicante the ratio was slightly above that at 104,976. Seats shown for the People's Party include seats won by their predecessors, the Popular Alliance and the Popular Coalition before 1989 including those won as part of an electoral alliance with the Valencian Union (UV) in 1982. Seats shown for United Left include seats won by the Communist Party of Spain before 1986. In terms of percentage vote increase, Alicante was one of the PP’s ten best performances. This resulted in the party gaining the additional seat which the province had been granted for the election. At municipal level, Alicante, Elche and Benidorm produced results very close to the average. However PP had their lead in Elda cut to two percent. Alcoy also went against the provincial trend, with PSOE increasing their lead over the PP to eight percent. Source: While Alicante and Elda produced results very close to the average, PP had a narrower lead in Elche and Benidorm. PSOE led PP by five percent in Alcoy.",0
Samyamindra Thirtha,"Samyamindra Thirtha  2017-03-03T18:37:32Z  Samyamindra Thirtha (born 12 September 1982), also referred to as Shri Samyamindra Thirtha Swamiji, is the current head (Mathadipathi) of the Kashi Math. He is the 21st successive person called the swamiji of guru parampara. In early life he was known as Umesh Mallan, the son of Surendra Mallan. His father was a Technical Assistant at the Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Kochi-21. Before being initiated into sanyasa, he was studying 2nd year commerce in Lakshmi College in North Paravur. Being the youngest in his family, his ambition was to join the army and serve his country. His elder brother Suresh Mallan has been working for a bank. During the shishya sweekar (disciple acceptance) process by His Holiness Shree Shree Sudhindra Thirtha Swamiji, the horoscope of the young vatu Umesh Mallan was selected after casting a total of 48 horoscopes. As that horoscope had the characteristics sought for a pontiff, Sudhindra Thirtha chose him as his successor. On 20 June 2002, Sudhindra Thirtha initiated Umesh Mallan into Sanyas on the banks of the Ganges river. The ceremony was celebrated in the math on Jyeshta Shuddha Dashami day, and the new successor was named as Samyamindra Thirta. The declaration was put into effect by Sudhindra Thirtha on the Vyasa Jayanthi (the Guru's full-moon day). The Sudha Mangalotsava of Samyamindra Tirtha was celebrated at Bangalore Shri Kashi Math Samsthan on Madhwa Navami day on 24 January 2010. It was celebrated by the entire GSB community. Sudha Mangalotsava and rigorous training are compulsory for all the pontiffs of Samsthan. Each preceding head of the math has duly undergone this after their respective Deeksha ceremony. The mathadipathi of Samsthan then, Sudhindra Thirtha was the latest to do so before Samyamindra Thirtha, in Buntwal during 1955. Then, after fifty-five years, Sudha Mangalostava by the disciple was celebrated in the presence of the incumbent. The Guru Swamiji Sudhindra Thirtha attained mukthi (died) on 17 January 2016 at Vyasahram, Haridwar. As per the Guru-shishya tradition followed by Kashi Math, the Guru of the Math initiates a shishya to succeed him upon his death. Samyamindra Thirtha thus become the Head (Mathadipathi) of Kashi math. He officially took charge of the Math on 28 January 2016 at Vyasashram, Haridwar. The tradition of Kashi Math is for the mathadipathi to perform thrice-daily services (""thrikala pooja"") to the principle deities of the math, or charaprathishta (“moving installation"") idols of Vyasa, Rama and Narasimha. Usually those three times are morning, noon and night. Those principle deities of the math are said to have liked to travel and bless the devotees. According to the math's tradition, the mathapadi travels and camps in different places including math branches and GSB temples in India, in the belief that such travel emulates the deities. Each such camp carrying the idols is known as a Mokkam. The mathapadi camps at each place for a week or less in each mokkam except during Vasanthotsavam (the spring festival) and Chaturmasa Vrutha (the rainy season). Samyamindra Thirtha offers thrice-daily devotions to the Samsthan deities and camps at different places for each mokkam. Chathurmasya means four months (July Second Half - November First Half, to live in one place during the rainy season). Historically, Hindu saints stayed in one place to observe certain Vruthas (vows), self study, study self discipline and engage in discussions and discourses to enrich their knowledge. This tradition continues even now in Shri Kashi Math Samsthan. The devotees and citizens of the locality where Swamiji undertakes this Vrutha welcome a Chathurmasya. It provides them an opportunity to come together, to work as a team, to offer prayers, to conduct Poojas and enrich their knowledge by seeking guidance from Shri Swamiji on a daily basis. Important festivals are celebrated during this period. Chathurmasya Vrata involves observing austerities with dietary restrictions, divine contemplation and intense meditation with the aim of attaining Holy Communion with God. The process includes a host of religious rites and rules and regulations which have been prescribed in detail. For swamis who are always on the move to spread the basic principles of sanatana dharma among their widely dispersed devotees, Chathurmasya Vrata is often the only period of uninterrupted and concentrated meditation. Vasanthosava is a mokkam performed by the swami of the math every year for a duration of one month, which is referred to as Vasanth Month (April-May). During this month, he camps at one place with the principle deities and visits nearby places without carrying them. ,  Samyamindra Thirtha  2018-05-10T08:42:33Z  H.H Shrimat Samyamindra Thirtha Swami (born 12 September 1982), also referred to as Shri Samyamindra Thirtha Swamiji, is the current head (Mathadipathi) of the Kashi Math. He is the 21st successive person called the swamiji of guru parampara. The Sudha Mangalotsava of Samyamindra Tirtha was celebrated at Bangalore Shri Kashi Math Samsthan on Madhwa Navami day on 24 January 2010. The ceremony marks the end of a period of training in the tenets of the organisation. Sudhindra Thirtha, the predecessor of Samyamindra Thirtha as mathadipathi, attained moksha on 17 January 2016. In accordance with the guru–shishya tradition followed by the math, he had previously initiated Samyamindra as the shishya who would succeed him upon his death and thus Samyamindra became the new mathadipathi. He officially took charge on 28 January 2016 at Vyasashram, Haridwar. The following are the Chathurmasya Vruthas which are observed by Shri Samyamindra Thirtha Swamiji.",1
Security_Advisory_Opinion,"Security_Advisory_Opinion  2007-11-09T17:59:07Z   Security Advisory Opinion (SAO) or Washington Special Clearance, commonly called security clearance, administrative clearance, or administrative processing, is a process the United States Department of State and the diplomatic missions of the United States use in deciding to grant or deny a United States visa to certain visa applicants. The process involves sending a request from the visa issuing post to the Deparment of State's headquarters in Washington, D. C. , to investigate an individual's case for possible espionage, terrorism, and illegal export of technology out of the United States. Apart from the Department of State, the process involves other agencies of the federal government of the United States, specially those under Department of Homeland Security. Some of the agencied involved are: FBI, CIA, Drug Enforcement Agency, Department of Commerce, Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, Interpol, and the Department of State's Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation. SAOs have been the source of long delays for determining if a non-US citizen should be issued a US visa or not. As a result, United States Government Accountability Office found in a report dated February 2004 that ""students and scholars with science backgrounds might decide not to come to the United States, and technological advancements that serve U. S. and global interests could be jeopardized"" as a result. In mid-2003, SAOs were submitted for about 2% of the applicants. There are various types of SAOs, usually named after various animals, with two named after legendary characters. As of August 2006, these included Visas Mantis (potential illegal transfer of sensitive or dual-use technology, introduced in 1998), Visas Bear (for foreign government officials, representatives to international organizations, and their families), Visas Donkey (name hits, certain nationalities), Visas Merlin (for refugees and asylees), Visas Eagle (certain nationals of Cuba, China, Iran, Russia, and Vietnam), Visas Condor (certain nationalities, introduced in January 2002), and Visas Hawk (for immigrant visas). There are also other types of SAOs used for notifying the Department of State about visa issuance and that the applicant will be traveling to the United States: Visas Horse (diplomatic visa holders of certain nationalities) and Visas Pegasus (officials of Commonwealth of Independent States). The Department of State claims that 80% of SAOs are cleared within two weeks, but the general expected time for a clearance is unknown. While various diplomatics posts mention some average times (the website of the at United States embassy in Ankara, Turkey mentions up to six to eight weeks), this only reflects the recent experience of the post, and does not reflect actual statistics. The Department of State's Foreign Affairs Manual (which is a reference for diplomatic posts), dated August 16, 2006, mentions that ""posts can expect a wait of a minimum of twenty (20) business days to receive responses, although some responses will arrive well within that time frame. However, complicated cases can take some time to resolve, particularly if there are other U. S. Government agency concerns to consider. "" According to a report by the United States Government Accountability Office, as of November 30, 2004, 87% of Visas Mantis cases (one of the various kinds of SAOs) has been cleared in 30 days or less, 5% were taking 31-60 days, 5% were taking 61-90 days, 1% were taking 91-120 days and the final 2% were taking more than 120 days. The average time was 15 days, which was significantly reduced, as the same report mentions that during October 2003, the average was 75 days. On February 11, 2005, the Deparment of State mentioned that it ""has been able to decrease the average time to obtain Visas Mantis clearance to less than 14 days"". The validity of the clearance (which specifies a deadline for the time a visa could be issued) is based on its type, and ranges between three and 48 months. During the period of validity, posts can usually issue another visa for the applicant without requesting a new SAO if the applicant's circumstances haven't changed much. ,  Security_Advisory_Opinion  2009-11-05T07:25:15Z   Security Advisory Opinion (SAO) or Washington Special Clearance, commonly called security clearance, administrative clearance, or administrative processing, is a process the United States Department of State and the diplomatic missions of the United States use in deciding to grant or deny a United States visa to certain visa applicants. The process involves sending a request from the visa issuing post to the Department of State's headquarters in Washington, D. C. , to investigate an individual's case for possible espionage, terrorism, and illegal export of technology out of the United States. Apart from the Department of State, the process involves other agencies of the federal government of the United States, specially those under Department of Homeland Security. Some of the agencies involved are: FBI, CIA, Drug Enforcement Agency, Department of Commerce, Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, Interpol, and the Department of State's Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation. SAOs have been the source of long delays for determining if a non-US citizen should be issued a US visa or not. As a result, United States Government Accountability Office found in a report dated February 2004 that ""students and scholars with science backgrounds might decide not to come to the United States, and technological advancements that serve U. S. and global interests could be jeopardized"" as a result. In mid-2003, SAOs were submitted for about 2% of the applicants. The Department of State processed 245,000 SAOs in FY 2006, and has processed over a million SAOs in the period from September 2001 to May 2007. There are various types of SAOs, usually named after various animals, with two named after legendary characters. As of August 2006, these included Visas Mantis (potential illegal transfer of sensitive or dual-use technology, introduced in 1998), Visas Bear (for foreign government officials, representatives to international organizations, and their families), Visas Donkey (name hits, certain nationalities), Visas Merlin (for refugees and asylees), Visas Eagle (certain nationals of Cuba, China, Iran, Russia, and Vietnam), Visas Condor (certain nationalities, introduced in January 2002), and Visas Hawk (for immigrant visas). There are also other types of SAOs used for notifying the Department of State about visa issuance and that the applicant will be traveling to the United States: Visas Horse (diplomatic visa holders of certain nationalities) and Visas Pegasus (officials of Commonwealth of Independent States). The Department of State claims that 80% of SAOs are cleared within two weeks, but the general expected time for a clearance is unknown. While various diplomatics posts mention some average times (the website of the United States embassy in Ankara, Turkey mentions up to six to eight weeks), this only reflects the recent experience of the post, and does not reflect actual statistics. The Department of State's Foreign Affairs Manual (which is a reference for diplomatic posts), dated August 16, 2006, mentions: posts can expect a wait of a minimum of twenty (20) business days to receive responses, although some responses will arrive well within that time frame. However, complicated cases can take some time to resolve, particularly if there are other U. S. Government agency concerns to consider. According to a report by the United States Government Accountability Office, as of November 30, 2004, 87% of Visas Mantis cases (one of the various kinds of SAOs) has been cleared in 30 days or less, 5% were taking 31–60 days, 5% were taking 61–90 days, 1% were taking 91–120 days and the final 2% were taking more than 120 days. The average time was 15 days, which was significantly reduced, as the same report mentions that during October 2003, the average was 75 days. On February 11, 2005, the Department of State mentioned that it ""has been able to decrease the average time to obtain Visas Mantis clearance to less than 14 days"". The validity of the clearance (which specifies a deadline for the time a visa could be issued) is based on its type, and ranges between three and 48 months. During the period of validity, posts can usually issue another visa for the applicant without requesting a new SAO if the applicant's circumstances haven't changed much. A presentation attributed to the Department of State dated November 6 2008 says that the average time the visa mantis clearances take as 6 to 8 weeks. The current trend is to take more than 16 weeks, and even longer based on information from December 2008 to January 2009, especially for H1B visa. Most H1B visa holders have to stay in India/China for more than 3 months due to the administrative processing. There are few H1B cases cleared since December 2008. Rumor says it could be related to the recent economy recession in U. S. According to the U. S. Department of State website, most cases applied for in Beijing should be cleared within 60 days, but 90 days are also expected.",0
1973_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season,"1973_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season  2008-05-03T13:48:18Z   at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at the Houston Astrodome, Houston, Texas 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at RFK Stadium, Washington, DC 'Scoring Drives: at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, Oakland, California 'Scoring Drives: at Mile High Stadium, Denver, Colorado 'Scoring Drives: at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, Cleveland, Ohio 'Scoring Drives: at the Miami Orange Bowl, Miami, Florida 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at Candlestick Park, San Francisco, California 'Scoring Drives: at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, Oakland, California 'Scoring Drives: This article relating to an American football season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  1973_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season  2009-09-02T14:45:31Z   at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at the Houston Astrodome, Houston, Texas 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Johnny Unitas playing for San Diego is knocked out of the game after completing only 3 of 15 passes for 24 yards and 3 interceptions. 'Scoring Drives: at Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Joe Gilliam (Jefferson Street) makes his Monday night debut. 'Scoring Drives: at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, Oakland, California 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, Cleveland, Ohio 'Scoring Drives: at the Miami Orange Bowl, Miami, Florida 'Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 'Scoring Drives: at Candlestick Park, San Francisco, California John Brodie's number was retired prior to game 'Scoring Drives: at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, Oakland, California 'Scoring Drives:",0
Ken_Tipton,"Ken_Tipton  2009-09-16T02:17:30Z   Ken Tipton (born October 23, 1952) is an American entrepreneur who has worked as a film actor since 1978. He is a member of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), and he has also worked as director, screenplay writer, film producer and editor. His first major film was Heart of the Beholder (2005), an independent low-budget project, which was based on his own life. He wrote the film's screenplay, co-produced and co-directed it and also acted in one of the supporting roles. Tipton first came to the notice of the general public because of his creation of the hoax website ourfirsttime. com. This article about a United States film actor born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Ken_Tipton  2010-11-27T11:45:09Z   Ken Tipton (born October 23, 1952) is an American entrepreneur who has worked as a film actor since 1978. He is a member of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), and he has also worked as director, screenplay writer, film producer and editor. His first major film was Heart of the Beholder (2005), an independent low-budget project, which was based on his own life. He wrote the film's screenplay, co-produced and co-directed it and also acted in one of the supporting roles. Tipton first came to the notice of the general public because of his creation of the hoax website ourfirsttime. com. Template:Persondata This article about a United States film actor born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Cecil_Frederick_Patterson,"Cecil_Frederick_Patterson  2008-10-21T23:50:01Z   Cecil Frederick Patterson (1891-1961) was renowned in Saskatchewan for his work on hardy fruits and flowers. The first PhD at the fledgling University of Saskatchewan, Dr. Patterson began in 1921 as a lecturer in the College of Agriculture and headed the newly organized Department of Horticulture in the following year. In his thirty-nine years as head of the Department of Horticulture, Patterson was responsible for the introduction of more than 52 new varieties of hardy fruits for the prairies and over 18 varieties of hybrid hardy lilies, as well as several varieties of ornamental plants. Indeed, he is “credited with originating fruit breeding work on the prairies,” effectively extending the growing potential of gardens across the west. His experimental–and non-irrigated--nursery was believed to be the world’s largest. His accomplishments included thirty new varieties of hardy fruits, including apples, pears, plums, cherries, raspberries and strawberries. His namesake apples, plums, and pears thrive in orchards and gardens throughout Western Canada today. He was also responsible for an improved potato variety, well adapted to prairie growing conditions. Patterson’s research was not limited to the fruit. He was also deeply interested in expanding Prairie gardens and developing varieties which would withstand the harsh Saskatchewan winters. He succeeded, with his name becoming synonymous with a collection of lily varieties in pink, white, rose and other colours, the result of a dedicated and patient cross breeding and selection program which spanned over 20 years. Among his breeds, ""Edith Cecilia"" (named after his eldest daughter who died at age 13), ""White Princess"", ""Jasper"", and ""Apricot Glow"" are the most popular today. All are sturdy plants, seldom needing support even on the windy prairies. Other flower introductions included geraniums and gladioli. Born at Watford, Ontario, C. F. Patterson graduated from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph with a BSc in Agriculture. He then took his Master’s and Doctorate degrees at Urbana, Illinois. He came to the University of Saskatchewan in 1921, soon marrying the University’s nurse, Laura Fraser. Patterson was a charter member of the Agricultural Institute of Canada, a Fellow of the American Society for the Advancement of Science, a charter member of the Western Canadian Society for Horticulture, and an honorary life member of the Saskatchewan Horticultural Societies Association. He was inducted into the Saskatchewan Agriculture Hall of Fame in 1973. Patterson Garden is an arboretum on the campus of the University of Saskatchewan, named in his honour. Dr. Patterson died in 1961, a year following his retirement. Joyce Fraser Patterson Sarsfield, letters and conversations. ,  Cecil_Frederick_Patterson  2012-02-21T02:36:46Z   Cecil Frederick Patterson (1891–1961) was renowned in Saskatchewan for his work on hardy fruits and flowers. Dr. Patterson began in 1921 as a lecturer in the College of Agriculture and headed the newly organized Department of Horticulture in the following year. In his thirty-nine years as head of the Department of Horticulture, Patterson was responsible for the introduction of more than 52 new varieties of hardy fruits for the prairies and over 18 varieties of hybrid hardy lilies, as well as several varieties of ornamental plants. Indeed, he is “credited with originating fruit breeding work on the prairies,” effectively extending the growing potential of gardens across the west. His experimental–and non-irrigated—nursery was believed to be the world’s largest. His accomplishments included thirty new varieties of hardy fruits, including apples, pears, plums, cherries, raspberries and strawberries. His namesake apples, plums, and pears thrive in orchards and gardens throughout Western Canada today. He was also responsible for an improved potato variety, well adapted to prairie growing conditions. Patterson’s research was not limited to the fruit. He was also deeply interested in expanding Prairie gardens and developing varieties which would withstand the harsh Saskatchewan winters. He succeeded, with his name becoming synonymous with a collection of lily varieties in pink, white, rose and other colours, the result of a dedicated and patient cross breeding and selection program which spanned over 20 years. Among his breeds, ""Edith Cecilia"" (named after his eldest daughter who died at age 13), ""White Princess"", ""Jasper"", and ""Apricot Glow"" are the most popular today. All are sturdy plants, seldom needing support even on the windy prairies. Other flower introductions included geraniums and gladioli. Born at Watford, Ontario, C. F. Patterson graduated from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph with a BSc in Agriculture. He then took his Master’s and Doctorate degrees at Urbana, Illinois. He came to the University of Saskatchewan in 1921, soon marrying the University’s nurse, Laura Fraser. Patterson was a charter member of the Agricultural Institute of Canada, a Fellow of the American Society for the Advancement of Science, a charter member of the Western Canadian Society for Horticulture, and an honorary life member of the Saskatchewan Horticultural Societies Association. He was inducted into the Saskatchewan Agriculture Hall of Fame in 1973. Patterson Garden is an arboretum on the campus of the University of Saskatchewan, named in his honour. Dr. Patterson died in 1961, a year following his retirement. Joyce Fraser Patterson Sarsfield, letters and conversations. Template:Persondata",0
Yoshinori Kitase,"Yoshinori Kitase  2005-10-03T20:07:15Z  Square Enix producer Yoshinori Kitase has been credited on the following games: He is currently working on the Final Fantasy VII action sequel Dirge of Cerberus. ,  Yoshinori Kitase  2006-12-31T00:53:24Z  Yoshinori Kitase (北瀬 佳範, Kitase Yoshinori, born 23 September, 1966) is a game producer and a former game director for Square Enix. He joined the company in 1991 and is currently the head of Square Enix's Product Development Division 1.",1
Asynclitic_birth,"Asynclitic_birth  2010-12-28T06:40:04Z   An asynclitic birth or asynclitism refers to the position of a baby in the uterus such that the head is tilted to the side, causing the fetal head to no longer be in line with the birth canal. Most asynclitism corrects spontaneously in the progress of normal labor. Persistence of asynclitism is usually a signal of other problems with dystocia. Other abnormal birth positions include breech birth, posterior presentation, anterior presentation, and transverse presentation. Kielland forceps are preferable obstetric forceps used in asynclitic births, for example by their sliding mechanism, availing for more appropriate adjustment of the blades. ,  Asynclitic_birth  2013-02-23T19:56:27Z   An asynclitic birth or asynclitism refers to the position of a baby in the uterus such that the head of the baby is presenting first and is tilted to the shoulder, causing the fetal head to no longer be in line with the birth canal. Asynclitic presentation is significantly different to a shoulder presentation, where the shoulder is presenting first. Many babies enter the pelvis in an asynclitic presentation, and most asynclitism corrects spontaneously as part of the normal birthing process. Persistence of asynclitism can cause problems with dystocia, and has often been associated with cesarean birth. However with a skilled Midwife or Obstetrician a complication-free vaginal birth can be achieved through movement and positioning of the birthing woman, and patience and extra time to allow for movement of the baby through the pelvis and moulding of the skull during the birthing process. A vaginal birth is a more favourable outcome over a cesarean birth, provided there are no other contraindications, and mother and baby are not showing signs of distress. Other unfavourable birth positions include breech birth, posterior position, oblique position, and transverse position. These should not be confused with unfavourable birth presentations. Where intervention in the birthing process is absolutely necessary, Kielland forceps are preferable obstetric forceps used in asynclitic births, for example by their sliding mechanism, availing for more appropriate adjustment of the blades.",0
LET Access Series,"LET Access Series  2022-03-02T15:26:34Z  The LET Access Series (LETAS) is a professional golf tour for women and the official development tour to the Ladies European Tour. Launched in 2010, the LET Access Series provides players with an opportunity to compete and progress on to the LET. Eligible for membership are all female professional golfers and amateurs over 18 with a handicap of 2 or better. As one of the eight major women's tours (along with LPGA, JLPGA, KLPGA, LET, ALPG, Symetra Tour and China LPGA Tour) performances on LETAS carry Women's World Golf Rankings points. By 2014 over 250 professionals and 200 amateurs competed. The season consisted of 16 tournaments in 12 countries with prize funds of €30,000 – €50,000, and saw 11 winners from 8 countries. In 2020, a number of tournaments were postponed or cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Source: The top six players on the LETAS Order of Merit earn LET membership for the Ladies European Tour. Players finishing in positions 7–20 get to skip the first stage of the qualifying event and automatically progress to the final stage of the Lalla Aicha Tour School. Source: Winners of three or more LETAS events. ,  LET Access Series  2023-11-16T01:40:20Z  The LET Access Series (LETAS) is a professional golf tour for women and the official development tour to the Ladies European Tour. Launched in 2010, the LET Access Series provides players with an opportunity to compete and progress on to the LET. Eligible for membership are all female professional golfers and amateurs over 18 with a handicap of 2 or better. As one of the eight major women's tours (along with LPGA, JLPGA, KLPGA, LET, ALPG, Symetra Tour and China LPGA Tour) performances on LETAS carry Women's World Golf Rankings points. By 2014 over 250 professionals and 200 amateurs competed. The season consisted of 16 tournaments in 12 countries with prize funds of €30,000 – €50,000, and saw 11 winners from 8 countries. In 2020, a number of tournaments were postponed or cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Source: The top six players on the LETAS Order of Merit earn LET membership for the Ladies European Tour. Players finishing in positions 7–20 get to skip the first stage of the qualifying event and automatically progress to the final stage of the Lalla Aicha Tour School. Source: Winners of three or more LETAS events, ordered chronologically.",1
Manabu Orido,"Manabu Orido  2007-01-24T16:39:04Z  Manabu ""MAX"" Orido (Shinjitai: 織戸 学, Orido Manabua, alternative nickname Monkichi) Orido first appeared in the series in 1996 and won the GT300 title for the following year, up until the 2000 season when he moved up to GT500 he took three wins altogether and has since taken two GT500 wins to date. He was also the D1 Grand Prix judge from the [[start of the series to the end of the 2004 D1 Grand Prix Season, when he became driver for that following season until his drifting driver career ended when his Toyota Supra was destroyed in a transportation accident caused by a sleeping truck driver. Orido currently teaches safety driving at the NATS college. Because of his appearance in video series such as Video Option and Hot Version, Orido has become a fan favorite in the Super GT series. ,  Manabu Orido  2008-12-09T13:08:20Z  Manabu ""MAX"" Orido (Shinjitai: 織戸 学, Orido Manabu, alternative nickname Monkichi) is a Japanese racing driver who currently competes in the Super GT series for Toyota Team Tsuchiya in a Lexus SC430 sponsored by Eclipse and Advan Orido began his racing career as a street racer and then progressed to touge racing. After years of one make series, he first appeared in the JGTC series in 1996 and won the GT300 title for the following year, up until the 2000 season when he moved up to GT500 he took three wins altogether and has since taken two GT500 wins to date. Orido competed in two Grand National Division, West Series races in 1999. He finished eigthteenth at Irwindale Speedway, and thirtieth at Twin Ring Motegi. He was also the D1 Grand Prix judge from the start of the series to the end of the 2004, when he became driver for that following season until his drifting driver career ended when his Toyota Supra was destroyed in a transportation accident en route to Advan Drift Meeting when it was hit from behind driven by a sleeping truck driver. Orido currently teaches safety driving at NATS (Nihon Automobile High Technical School). Because of his appearance in video series such as Video Option and Hot Version, Orido has become a fan favorite in the Super GT series. Until 2006, Orido always drove the Supra in Super GT as he personally owns one as well as using it for drifting events, despite being disadvantaged in the latter. (key)  Motoring",1
David W. Zucker,"David W. Zucker  2017-01-08T15:56:16Z  David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free, and Executive Producer of the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated, Peabody-acclaimed drama, The Good Wife, now in its seventh season on CBS, as well as NUMB3RS, which ran for six successful seasons on the same network. 2014 productions include Halo: Nightfall, a feature-length digital series for Xbox, Killing Jesus, the third in the acclaimed ‘Killing’ telefilms for National Geographic and a pilot adaptation of Philip K. Dick’s classic, The Man In The High Castle for Amazon. During his tenure, Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including Klondike for Discovery, The Pillars of the Earth for Starz, World Without End for Reelz, Into the Storm for HBO, The Andromeda Strain and Coma for A&E, and The Company for TNT. Notable non-fiction programs include Killing Kennedy, Killing Lincoln, Crimes of the Century and the Emmy-winning documentary special Gettysburg for the History Channel. Previously, Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series, Judging Amy, wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC, as well as various stage plays, and served as Vice President of Drama Series for CBS and in the same role at Warner Bros. TV. During his tenure, Scott Free has produced a steady stream of acclaimed programs including Starz’s eight-hour limited series, Ken Follett’s The Pillars of the Earth, an Emmy and Golden Globe nominee, starring Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell and Donald Sutherland; and the subsequent World Without End, featuring Cynthia Nixon and Ben Chaplin for Reelz, which won one of two Emmy nominations; HBO’s Into the Storm, an Emmy winning sequel to the Emmy-winning telefilm, The Gathering Storm; for A&E, the Emmy-nominated mini-series, Michael Crichton’s The Andromeda Strain, starring Benjamin Bratt; and Robin Cook’s WGA-nominated medical thriller, Coma, with Geena Davis, James Woods, Richard Dreyfus, and Ellen Burstyn. TNT’s six-hour spy thriller, The Company, was a Golden Globe nominee, with Michael Keaton and Alfred Molina. CBS's political drama The Good Wife has received a Peabody award and has been nominated for two Golden Globe awards. In the non-fiction arena, two broadcasts in 2013, adaptations of Bill O’Reilly’s books Killing Kennedy and Killing Lincoln both delivered record ratings for National Geographic channel, while the documentary series, Crimes of the Century was featured on CNN. Also notable, the Emmy-winning documentary special, Gettysburg, was produced for the History Channel. ,  David W. Zucker  2018-09-16T23:14:10Z  David W. Zucker is an television executive. He is currently President of Television for Scott Free Productions. He is the executive producer of the television adaptation of Philip K. Dick’s book The Man in the High Castle for Amazon, the spin-off show The Good Fight for CBS, the AMC psychological thriller The Terror, and the Amazon half-hour action-comedy starring Jean-Claude Van Damme as Jean-Claude Van Johnson. Forthcoming projects include the CBS drama Strange Angel, as well as a FOX television adaptation of The Passage, Justin Cronin’s fantasy book trilogy. During Zucker's tenure, Scott Free has produced several programs including the Emmy- and Golden Globe-nominated, Peabody-winning drama, The Good Wife; the crime drama Numb3rs; the summertime satire series BrainDead on CBS; and the Civil War medical drama Mercy Street on PBS. Notable long-form programs include the Emmy-nominated National Geographic Channel series of Killing telefilms (which include Killing Reagan, Killing Jesus, Killing Kennedy and Killing Lincoln), Klondike for Discovery Channel, the Emmy- and Golden Globe-nominated The Pillars of the Earth for Starz, World Without End for Reelz, the Emmy-nominated Into the Storm for HBO, the Emmy-nominated The Andromeda Strain and Coma for A&E, the Golden Globe-nominated The Company at TNT, and a feature-length digital series for Xbox/Microsoft, Halo: Nightfall. Scott Free also produced non-fiction programs including Crimes of the Century and the Emmy-winning documentary special Gettysburg for the History Channel. Previously, Zucker worked as a story editor on the CBS television series Judging Amy, wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC, as well as various stage plays. Zucker served as Vice President of Drama Series for CBS and Vice President of Drama Series and Current Programs at Warner Bros. Television. During his tenure, Scott Free has produced a steady stream of acclaimed programs including Starz’s eight-hour limited series, Ken Follett’s The Pillars of the Earth, an Emmy and Golden Globe nominee, starring Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell and Donald Sutherland; and the subsequent World Without End, featuring Cynthia Nixon and Ben Chaplin for Reelz, which won one of two Emmy nominations; HBO’s Into the Storm, an Emmy winning sequel to the Emmy-winning telefilm, The Gathering Storm; for A&E, the Emmy-nominated mini-series, Michael Crichton’s The Andromeda Strain, starring Benjamin Bratt; and Robin Cook’s WGA-nominated medical thriller, Coma, with Geena Davis, James Woods, Richard Dreyfus, and Ellen Burstyn. TNT’s six-hour spy thriller, The Company, was a Golden Globe nominee, with Michael Keaton and Alfred Molina. CBS's political drama The Good Wife has received a Peabody award and has been nominated for two Golden Globe awards. In the non-fiction arena, two broadcasts in 2013, adaptations of Bill O’Reilly’s books Killing Kennedy and Killing Lincoln both delivered record ratings for National Geographic channel, while the documentary series, Crimes of the Century was featured on CNN. Also notable, the Emmy-winning documentary special, Gettysburg, was produced for the History Channel.",1
2007_Russian_Second_Division,"2007_Russian_Second_Division  2009-09-28T20:11:39Z   The Second Division is geographically divided into 5 zones The winners of each zone are automatically promoted into the First Division. The bottom finishers of each zone lose professional status and are relegated into the Amateur Football League. Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb start Template:Fb end,  2007_Russian_Second_Division  2010-07-20T14:50:06Z   The Second Division is geographically divided into 5 zones The winners of each zone are automatically promoted into the First Division. The bottom finishers of each zone lose professional status and are relegated into the Amateur Football League. Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb cl header Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl team Template:Fb cl2 qr Template:Fb cl footer Template:Fb start Template:Fb end",0
Moldovan Liga 1,"Moldovan Liga 1  2021-05-25T20:27:45Z  The Moldovan ""A"" Division (Romanian: Divizia ""A"") is the second-level division of Moldovan Football. ,  Moldovan Liga 1  2022-09-19T06:23:09Z  The Moldovan Liga 1 is the second-level division of Moldovan Football. The following 12 clubs will compete in the 2022–23 season of the Moldovan Liga 1.",1
Pryde_Henry_Teves,"Pryde_Henry_Teves  2009-02-22T14:15:34Z   Pryde Henry Teves is a Filipino politician, a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the congressman for the 3rd District of Negros Oriental. He was elected as a Philippine legislator on May 14, 2007. His term will expire in 2010. Both of his eardrums and legs were severely damaged by the blast that hit the Congress building in November 13, 2007. see also: Batasang Pambansa bombing Congressman Henry Teves was one of the 3 Philippine representatives, others were Luzviminda Ilagan of GABRIELA partylist and Wahab Akbar of the lone district of Basilan, that were victimized by the explosion. Congressman Wahab Akbar of Basilan was killed in the incident while both Congressman Pryde Henry Teves and Congresswoman Luzviminda Ilagan experienced severe injuries. In earlier reports, Doctors announced that Teves' legs would be amputated, but later decided that some medicines could help cure the wounded legislator. Vercita Garcia, staff member of Rep. Pryde Henry Teves died at 6:30 p. m. due to cardiac arrest at St. Luke's Medical Center in Quezon, City on December 17, 2007 After 35 days or on December 18, 2007, Negros Oriental Rep. Pryde Henry Teves was moved out of the intensive care unit of St. Luke’s Medical Center in Quezon City to a private room thereat, and recuperated from destroyed eardrum, fractured leg and sustained deep burns in his arms from the Batasang Pambansa bombing. On January 31, 2008, Pryde Henry Teves, 35, reported for work at the House of Representatives, against doctors' advises . Teves, still in a wheelchair, wears black cotton gloves to protect his burned hands, and he could not shake hands or use his cellular phone. He stated: ""I feel all the senses in my body that I don’t want to feel, all the unwanted pain. I really got depressed. And my (burned) skin (including face) is extra sensitive. When it’s hot I feel the heat and when it’s cold I also feel very cold. My left foot was shattered in 10 places. It’s all held together by screws. Hopefully, after 20 weeks (since Nov. 13) the bones will heal; I’m still under heavy medication. And I still take pain relievers. The pain is terrible. Three days ago (Jan. 26), I had two shrapnels removed from my body. They were all concrete nails. "" 62% of his body sustained 2nd and 3rd degree burns, and his left foot was badly fractured. He has two sons Adrian Emmanuel Teves and Henrique Teves On December 14, 2007, in 2-page resolution, the Supreme Court of the Philippines issued a writ of habeas corpus on petition of suspects Caidar Aunal, Adham Kusain, and Ikram Indama. It required the Philippine National Police’s (PNP) Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG), National Capital Region-Criminal Investigation and Detection Unit (NCR-CIDU) and the PNP Custodial Center to file returns before Quezon City Regional Trial Court Executive Judge Romeo Zamora on December 18.,  Pryde_Henry_Teves  2010-10-08T07:56:43Z   Pryde Henry Teves is a Filipino politician, a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the congressman for the 3rd District of Negros Oriental. He was elected as a Philippine legislator on May 14, 2007 and was re-elected in 2010. Both of his eardrums and legs were severely damaged by the blast that hit the Congress building in November 13, 2007. Congressman Henry Teves was one of the 3 Philippine representatives, others were Luzviminda Ilagan of GABRIELA partylist and Wahab Akbar of the lone district of Basilan, that were victimized by the explosion. Congressman Wahab Akbar of Basilan was killed in the incident while both Congressman Pryde Henry Teves and Congresswoman Luzviminda Ilagan experienced severe injuries. In earlier reports, Doctors announced that Teves' legs would be amputated, but later decided that some medicines could help cure the wounded legislator. Vercita Garcia, staff member of Rep. Pryde Henry Teves died at 6:30 p. m. due to cardiac arrest at St. Luke's Medical Center in Quezon, City on December 17, 2007 After 35 days or on December 18, 2007, Negros Oriental Rep. Pryde Henry Teves was moved out of the intensive care unit of St. Luke’s Medical Center in Quezon City to a private room thereat, and recuperated from destroyed eardrum, fractured leg and sustained deep burns in his arms from the Batasang Pambansa bombing. On January 31, 2008, Pryde Henry Teves, 35, reported for work at the House of Representatives, against doctors' advises . Teves, still in a wheelchair, wears black cotton gloves to protect his burned hands, and he could not shake hands or use his cellular phone. He stated: I feel all the senses in my body that I don’t want to feel, all the unwanted pain. I really got depressed. And my (burned) skin (including face) is extra sensitive. When it’s hot I feel the heat and when it’s cold I also feel very cold. My left foot was shattered in 10 places. It’s all held together by screws. Hopefully, after 20 weeks (since Nov. 13) the bones will heal; I’m still under heavy medication. And I still take pain relievers. The pain is terrible. Three days ago (Jan. 26), I had two shrapnels removed from my body. They were all concrete nails. 62% of his body sustained 2nd and 3rd degree burns, and his left foot was badly fractured. He has two sons Adrian Emmanuel Teves and Henrique Teves On December 14, 2007, in 2-page resolution, the Supreme Court of the Philippines issued a writ of habeas corpus on petition of suspects Caidar Aunal, Adham Kusain, and Ikram Indama. It required the Philippine National Police’s (PNP) Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG), National Capital Region-Criminal Investigation and Detection Unit (NCR-CIDU) and the PNP Custodial Center to file returns before Quezon City Regional Trial Court Executive Judge Romeo Zamora on December 18. Template:Persondata",0
Hugh_Syme_(GC),"Hugh_Syme_(GC)  2009-01-11T09:51:18Z   Hugh Randall Syme GC, GM & Bar (20 February 1903 - 7 November 1965) was an Australian naval officer, bomb disposal operative and newspaper proprietor. He was awarded the George Cross for his actions in defusing unexploded bombs and landmines during the Second World War. Syme is one of only two people to be awarded the George Cross, George Medal and Bar, the other being John Bridge. He was born in Kew, Melbourne and educated at the University of Melbourne. His father was a journalist on the city newspaper The Age which is still being published and which the family owned: Syme himself worked on the paper until the outbreak of war. He was a keen amateur yachtsman and part-owner of an 82-foot (25 m) yacht, and joined the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve on the outbreak of war. He was posted to England and ended up at HMS Vernon, the Royal Navy's mine disposal and developing mine countermeasures establishment. He won the George Medal in 1941 for defusing a series of mines, and was awarded a bar to this in 1942 after defusing a mine lodged in a reservoir embankment in London. In 1943 he was awarded the George Cross ""for great bravery and undaunted devotion to duty"". He had carried out nineteen mine-recovery operations. The most important had taken place in November 1942 at Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, where he defused a new mine known as a Type T. He had to hang upside down in a mudhole and endure painful electric shocks while insulating the wires for the detonator. His George Cross made him the most decorated member of the Royal Australian Navy at that time. He returned to Australia in 1943 and set up a mine disposal unit at HMAS Cerberus. However the unit was not used operationally, as the US Navy controlled mine clearance operations in the Pacific area. He returned to The Age and became general manager in 1946. He continued in senior posts in newspapers and broadcasting for the rest of his life. He was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal in 1953 but turned down a knighthood, feeling that he had performed no more than his duty. Hugh Syme died on the 7 November 1965 from a cerebral tumour at Epworth Hospital, Richmond, and was cremated with Anglican rites and full naval honours. List of George Cross recipients,  Hugh_Syme_(GC)  2010-10-04T13:51:27Z   Hugh Randall Syme GC, GM & Bar (20 February 1903 - 7 November 1965) was an Australian naval officer, bomb disposal operative and newspaper proprietor. He was awarded the George Cross for his actions in defusing unexploded bombs and landmines during the Second World War. Syme is one of only two people to be awarded the George Cross, George Medal and Bar, the other being John Bridge. He was born in Kew, Melbourne and educated at the University of Melbourne. His father was a journalist on the city newspaper The Age which is still being published and which the family owned: Syme himself worked on the paper until the outbreak of war. He was a keen amateur yachtsman and part-owner of an 82-foot (25 m) yacht, and joined the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve on the outbreak of war. He was posted to England and ended up at HMS Vernon, the Royal Navy's mine disposal and developing mine countermeasures establishment. He won the George Medal in 1941 for defusing a series of mines, and was awarded a bar to this in 1942 after defusing a mine lodged in a reservoir embankment in London. In 1943 he was awarded the George Cross ""for great bravery and undaunted devotion to duty"". He had carried out nineteen mine-recovery operations. The most important had taken place in November 1942 at Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, where he defused a new mine known as a Type T. He had to hang upside down in a mudhole and endure painful electric shocks while insulating the wires for the detonator. His George Cross made him the most decorated member of the Royal Australian Navy at that time. He returned to Australia in 1943 and set up a mine disposal unit at HMAS Cerberus. However the unit was not used operationally, as the US Navy controlled mine clearance operations in the Pacific area. He returned to The Age and became general manager in 1946. He continued in senior posts in newspapers and broadcasting for the rest of his life. He was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal in 1953 but turned down a knighthood, feeling that he had performed no more than his duty. Hugh Syme died on the 7 November 1965 from a cerebral tumour at Epworth Hospital, Richmond, and was cremated with Anglican rites and full naval honours. List of George Cross recipients Template:Persondata",0
Pyrroloquinoline-quinone_synthase,"Pyrroloquinoline-quinone_synthase  2013-01-15T06:34:32Z   In enzymology, a pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase (EC 1. 3. 3. 11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The two substrates of this enzyme are 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrroloquinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate, H2O2, and H2O. ,  Pyrroloquinoline-quinone_synthase  2015-12-31T09:54:07Z   In enzymology, a pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase (EC 1. 3. 3. 11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The two substrates of this enzyme are 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrroloquinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate, H2O2, and H2O.",0
1970_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season,"1970_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season  2008-04-27T17:46:50Z   The 1970 Pittsburgh Steelers looked to improve from their league-worst 1-13 record from the previous year. While work would still need to be done, the Steelers did improve somewhat on the field, finishing with a 5-9 record and third place in the newly-formed AFC Central. It was the NFL's weakest division that season, as the Steelers only finished three games behind the division-winning Cincinnati Bengals--a team that was only in their third year of existence that season. The big changes that occurred the year before continued for 1970. As a result of the NFL-AFL merger being finalized for the 1970 season, three teams from the ""old"" NFL were moved to the newly-formed AFC alongside the former AFL teams. The Steelers agreed to be one of them after their archrivals, the Cleveland Browns, volunteered to join the AFL franchises in the AFC. The Browns mainly joined because of the possibility of an intrastate rivalry with the AFL's Cincinnati Bengals (now known as the Battle of Ohio), largely due to the animosity at the time between Browns owner Art Modell and Bengals owner & coach Paul Brown, who was infamously fired from the Browns by Modell after the 1962 season. The Steelers joined the AFC in order to keep the Browns-Steelers rivalry alive on a regular basis, due to the proximity of the cities of Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Another change came in the draft. For the first time since 1956, the Steelers owned the number one selection in the draft after winning a coin toss with the Chicago Bears for the top pick, as the two teams had identical 1-13 records in 1969. (The Steelers would've won the tiebreaker by modern NFL tiebreaker rules anyways, since the Bears' one win was against the Steelers in week 8 of that season. ) Despite having selected Butler, Pennsylvania native Terry Hanratty the year before, the Steelers went with the consensus number one pick and selected Louisiana Tech quarterback Terry Bradshaw with the top pick. Later in the draft, the Steelers would select Southern University cornerback Mel Blount with their third round pick. Both Bradshaw and Blount would be key members of the Steelers' Super Bowl teams, and are now members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The final change for 1970 was planned years in advance, even if the Steelers didn't get the number one pick or if they had decided to stay with the ""old"" NFL teams to form the NFC: their home venue. The Steelers moved into the brand-new Three Rivers Stadium at the start of the season, the latest of the so-called ""cookie-cutter"" stadiums to open at the time. The Steelers lost to the Houston Oilers 19-7 in the first football game in the stadium, which had just opened that summer for the National League's Pittsburgh Pirates. The opening of Three Rivers ended their relatively brief stay at Pitt Stadium, where they had only been playing at on a full-time basis for six years. Before that, the Steelers played most of their home games at Forbes Field, with occasional games being played at Pitt Stadium to take advantage of the larger capacity. The Steelers later returned the favor to the University of Pittsburgh in 2000 when the Pitt Panthers football team moved into Three Rivers for one season as an interim home before Heinz Field was ready in 2001. Pitt would also play their Backyard Brawl games against West Virginia in years Pitt hosted the game during the existence of Three Rivers. WTAE-TV sportscaster Myron Cope would join the Steelers radio network as color commentator for the 1970 season. Cope would remain a fixture of the Steelers radio network through the 2004 season and would become beloved by fans due to his enthusiasm and catchphrases behind the announcing booth. In 1975, Cope would invent the Terrible Towel, originally conceived as a gimmick in the Steelers playoff game against Baltimore but now a staple among Steelers fans. at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Mile High Stadium, Denver, Colorado Scoring Drives: at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, Cleveland, Ohio Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at the Houston Astrodome, Houston, Texas Scoring Drives: at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, Oakland, California Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia Scoring Drives: at Franklin Field, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives:,  1970_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season  2010-01-07T20:37:02Z   The 1970 Pittsburgh Steelers looked to improve from their league-worst 1-13 record from the previous year. While work would still need to be done, the Steelers did improve somewhat on the field, finishing with a 5-9 record and third place in the newly-formed AFC Central. It was the NFL's weakest division that season, as the Steelers only finished three games behind the division-winning Cincinnati Bengals--a team that was only in their third year of existence that season. The big changes that occurred the year before continued for 1970. As a result of the NFL-AFL merger being finalized for the 1970 season, three teams from the ""old"" NFL were moved to the newly-formed AFC alongside the former AFL teams. The Steelers agreed to be one of them after their archrivals, the Cleveland Browns, volunteered to join the AFL franchises in the AFC. The Browns mainly joined because of the possibility of an intrastate rivalry with the AFL's Cincinnati Bengals (now known as the Battle of Ohio), largely due to the animosity at the time between Browns owner Art Modell and Bengals owner & coach Paul Brown, who was infamously fired from the Browns by Modell after the 1962 season. The Steelers joined the AFC in order to keep the Browns-Steelers rivalry alive on a regular basis, due to the proximity of the cities of Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Another change came in the draft. For the first time since 1956, the Steelers owned the number one selection in the draft after winning a coin toss with the Chicago Bears for the top pick, as the two teams had identical 1-13 records in 1969. (The Steelers would've won the tiebreaker by modern NFL tiebreaker rules anyways, since the Bears' one win was against the Steelers in week 8 of that season. ) Despite having selected Butler, Pennsylvania native Terry Hanratty the year before, the Steelers went with the consensus number one pick and selected Louisiana Tech quarterback Terry Bradshaw with the top pick. Later in the draft, the Steelers would select Southern University cornerback Mel Blount with their third round pick. Both Bradshaw and Blount would be key members of the Steelers' Super Bowl teams, and are now members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The final change for 1970 was planned years in advance, even if the Steelers didn't get the number one pick or if they had decided to stay with the ""old"" NFL teams to form the NFC: their home venue. The Steelers moved into the brand-new Three Rivers Stadium at the start of the season, the latest of the so-called ""cookie-cutter"" stadiums to open at the time. The Steelers lost to the Houston Oilers 19-7 in the first football game in the stadium, which had just opened that summer for the National League's Pittsburgh Pirates. The opening of Three Rivers ended their relatively brief stay at Pitt Stadium, where they had only been playing at on a full-time basis for six years. Before that, the Steelers played most of their home games at Forbes Field, with occasional games being played at Pitt Stadium to take advantage of the larger capacity. The Steelers later returned the favor to the University of Pittsburgh in 2000 when the Pitt Panthers football team moved into Three Rivers for one season as an interim home before Heinz Field was ready in 2001. Pitt would also play their Backyard Brawl games against West Virginia in years Pitt hosted the game during the existence of Three Rivers. WTAE-TV sportscaster Myron Cope would join the Steelers radio network as color commentator for the 1970 season. Cope would remain a fixture of the Steelers radio network through the 2004 season and would become beloved by fans due to his enthusiasm and catchphrases behind the announcing booth. In 1975, Cope would invent the Terrible Towel, originally conceived as a gimmick in the Steelers playoff game against Baltimore but now a staple among Steelers fans. at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: Steelers play first regular season game at new stadium. Terry Bradshaw makes NFL debut a bad one going 4 for 16 for 40 yds. Terry Bradshaw would also be caught for safeties in his first three games. at Mile High Stadium, Denver, Colorado Scoring Drives: at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, Cleveland, Ohio Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at the Houston Astrodome, Houston, Texas Scoring Drives: at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, Oakland, California Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives: at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia Scoring Drives: at Franklin Field, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Scoring Drives:",0
Romiit Raaj,"Romiit Raaj  2020-01-04T13:55:31Z  Romit Raj Prasher is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. Rishtey Awards,  Romiit Raaj  2021-12-02T10:55:40Z  Romiit Raaj is an Indian Actor who started his career in 2002 and has done lead roles on television serials, web series and films.",1
Harvard Model Congress,"Harvard Model Congress  2008-02-28T03:59:17Z  Harvard Model Congress is the oldest and largest congressional simulation conference in the world, providing high school students from across the U.S. and abroad with an opportunity to experience American government firsthand. Although HMC is run entirely by Harvard students, it is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is operated independently of the university. Harvard Model Congress Boston, founded in 1986, is HMC's flagship conference, held annually at the Boston Sheraton Hotel. Each February, approximately 1,500 delegates descend on Massachusetts to tackle the most pressing and important issues facing the nation as they assume roles in each of the three branches of the U.S. government and beyond. Exciting and diverse programs, ranging from committees in the House, Senate, and Supreme Court, to special programs such as press, lobbyists, and the National Security Council, help bring American government to life and have established Harvard Model Congress Boston as the nation's premier American government simulation. In it's most recent simulation, HMC Boston became international with the participation of Colegio Alberto Einstein, an Ecuadorian school that was awarded for its participation. Founded in 1999, Harvard Model Congress San Francisco is a new and exciting American government simulation program based on the successful Boston model and the first conference of its type on the West Coast. Over three hundred delegates from across the country travel to HMC-SF to learn about American government by experiencing it firsthand. The four-day conference, held at the Crowne Plaza San Francisco, is more intimate than the flagship Boston conference and thus features lower student-to-staff ratios and more individual attention from the experienced staff of Harvard students. Harvard Model Congress Europe holds an annual conference in Athens, Greece during March. HMCE is currently celebrating its 20th year. HMC Europe has a special focus on the institutions of international governance, including the World Economic Forum and an international treaty summit. Harvard Model Congress Asia runs a conference Bangkok, Thailand. The 2008 conference will be from September 4-6. HMC Asia focuses on America's political system and governmental institutions. In both international conferences, students discuss and debate global issues from a more global perspective, formulating policy firsthand. The structured committee settings expose them to the realities of the democratic process, challenging them to forge compromise while advancing the interests of their constituency. The conferences seek to provide an unparalleled educational experience for talented secondary school students from around the world, offering hundreds of students each year an exciting opportunity to practice public speaking and policy writing. The conferences accommodate students with varying degrees of English ability, and the global diversity of participants and staff offers delegates the unique opportunity to approach challenging issues from numerous different perspectives. Harvard Model Congress strives to prepare the next generation of democratic leaders and global citizens. Because of their sheer size, the Harvard Model Congress conferences require a large amount of planning by the students hosting the events. Harvard Model Congress is one of the largest Harvard student organizations, and each year around 200 Harvard students assist with planning and running the conferences. As soon as one Harvard Model Congress conference ends, planning for the subsequent such conference begins. For the flagship HMC-Boston conference, topics for debate must be chosen by May so that briefing books can be prepared over the summer and distributed by early fall, in time to allow delegates to begin intensively researching each committee's topics for debate. Updates to briefings are written and distributed to schools by winter, and issue summaries are also provided to the delegates. HMC 2007 is slated to be HMC's first-ever paperless conference. For the duration of the event each year, Harvard Model Congress uses essentially all of the conference space available at the Boston Sheraton, which needs to be reserved years in advance. Although most of the written work during the actual weekend of the event is done by the delegates, the staff continues to provide programmatic direction and manages all operations throughout the duration of the conference. ,  Harvard Model Congress  2009-10-24T10:25:10Z  Harvard Model Congress (HMC) is the largest congressional simulation conference in the world, providing high school students from across the U.S. and abroad with an opportunity to experience American government firsthand. Although HMC is run entirely by Harvard students, it is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is operated independently of the university. Harvard Model Congress Boston, founded in 1986, is the oldest of the HMC conferences and is held annually at the Boston Sheraton Hotel. Each February, approximately 1,500 delegates descend on Massachusetts to tackle the most pressing and important issues facing the nation as they assume roles in each of the three branches of the U.S. government and beyond. Exciting and diverse programs, ranging from committees in the House of Representatives, Senate, and Supreme Court, to special programs such as press, lobbyists, and the National Security Council, help bring American government to life and have established Harvard Model Congress Boston as the nation's premier American government simulation. Founded in 1999, Harvard Model Congress San Francisco is a new and exciting American government simulation program based on the successful Boston model and the first conference of its type on the West Coast. Over three hundred delegates from across the country travel to HMC-SF to learn about American government by experiencing it firsthand. The four-day conference, held at the Crowne Plaza San Francisco, is more intimate than the Boston conference and thus features lower student-to-staff ratios and more individual attention from the experienced staff of Harvard students. Harvard Model Congress Europe holds an annual conference in Athens, Greece during late March. Though from 2009, the confence host will be Brussels, in Belgium. Although it maintains a strong tradition of American government simulation, HMC Europe also has a strong focus on institutions of international governance, including (among others) the World Health Organization, Group of Eight, and International Monetary Fund. Harvard Model Congress Asia runs two annual conference in Singapore and Seoul, Republic of Korea which are both held in January. The 2008 conference, supposed to held from September 4-6, was cancelled due to rebellion in Thailand. HMC Asia focuses on America's political system and governmental institutions. This conference boasts the lowest student-to-staff ratio of any of the model congress conferences. As the substitution for the cancelled 2008 HMCA, the 2009 session of Harvard Model Congress Asia was held in Seoul, Republic of Korea from January 22-24. In both international conferences, students discuss and debate global issues from a more global perspective, formulating policy firsthand. The structured committee settings expose them to the realities of the democratic process, challenging them to forge compromise while advancing the interests of their constituency. The conferences seek to provide an unparalleled educational experience for talented secondary school students from around the world, offering hundreds of students each year an exciting opportunity to practice public speaking and policy writing. The conferences accommodate students with varying degrees of English ability, and the global diversity of participants and staff offers delegates the unique opportunity to approach challenging issues from numerous different perspectives. Harvard Model Congress strives to prepare the next generation of democratic leaders and global citizens. Because of their sheer size, the Harvard Model Congress conferences require a large amount of planning by the students hosting the events. Harvard Model Congress is one of the largest Harvard student organizations, and each year around 200 Harvard students assist with planning and running the conferences. As soon as one Harvard Model Congress conference ends, planning for the subsequent such conference begins. For the Boston conference, topics for debate must be chosen by May so that briefing books can be prepared over the summer and distributed by early fall, in time to allow delegates to begin intensively researching each committee's topics for debate. Updates to briefings are written and distributed to schools by winter, and issue summaries are also provided to the delegates. HMC 2009 is slated to be HMC's first-ever paperless conference. For the duration of the event each year, Harvard Model Congress uses essentially all of the conference space available at the Boston Sheraton. Although most of the written work during the actual weekend of the event is done by the delegates, the staff continues to provide programmatic direction and manages all operations throughout the duration of the conference.",1
Brian George,"Brian George  2021-01-12T00:31:28Z  Brian George (born 1 July 1952) is an Israeli-English actor, voice artist, comedian and singer, best known for his role of Pakistani restaurateur Babu Bhatt in Seinfeld (1989–1998), the Indian gynaecologist father of Raj Koothrappali in The Big Bang Theory (2007–2019), the voice of Chutney in Father of the Pride (2004–2005), and spiritual guide Guru Pathik in Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005–2008). George was born in Jerusalem on 1 July 1952 to Jewish parents of Baghdadi Jewish (Iraqi Jewish) descent, who had immigrated to Israel. His father was born in Lebanon, his mother, in India. A year after his birth, the family moved from Israel to London and then, in 1966, to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. George is the youngest of four siblings. He attended an all-boys school in London but made the switch to a public co-ed high school when the family moved to Toronto. He attended the University of Toronto, where he was active in the University's theatre productions. George left before graduation and formed a theatre group; unsuccessful, he moved on to join the Second City, where he trained with John Candy, among others. George appeared as a United Nations secretary on Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, as Julian Bashir's father in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode ""Doctor Bashir, I Presume?"" and on a recurring basis as Raj's father in The Big Bang Theory. In 2006, he landed a recurring role as Sasan's father Omid in So NoTORIous. George also did the voice of Bob Fish in the last two series of Bob and Margaret. He had appeared on numerous other sitcoms including Seinfeld, where he appeared in three episodes as Babu Bhatt, an immigrant who is deported to Pakistan because of Elaine Benes' failure to give Jerry Seinfeld his mail in time, which contained Babu's visa application. He returned in the series finale. He also appeared in two episodes of Ellen as Ranjit, a member of the book club that gathered in Ellen's book shop. He had a recurring role as newsman ""Hugh Persons"" on Doctor, Doctor during the series' second season. He made a one-time guest appearance in Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda in the first season as Wayist religious leader Vikram Singh Khalsa. This was developed by Robert Hewitt Wolfe who worked on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. He also appeared in One Tree Hill as Brooke's taxi driver when she went to launch her clothes in New York. He has also done voiceover work in animated shows such as Batman: The Animated Series (as musician turned gangster Jimmy ""The Jazzman"" Peake); Handy Manny; Kim Possible playing antagonist Duff Killigan, a Scotsman who uses exploding golf balls when attacking Kim and Ron Stoppable, Kim's sidekick; Avatar: The Last Airbender as Guru Pathik; Batman Beyond; Justice League (voicing Parasite, in a style similar to the first voice actor of Parasite), Morgan Edge and President George W. Bush), MASK, Invader Zim, and Jedi Master Ki-Adi Mundi in Season 2 of Star Wars: The Clone Wars. He has also appeared in video games like Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, Baldur's Gate, Ultimate Spider-Man, Mass Effect 3, Everquest II and Final Fantasy XIV. Early in his acting career, he was among the cast of 1985's The Care Bears Movie and made guest appearances in the Canadian television series The Edison Twins, The Littlest Hobo, Comedy Factory and King of Kensington. He also took over the voice of Bob Fish in the Anglo-Canadian animated comedy series Bob and Margaret and The Inspector in the 1993 revival series of The Pink Panther. He played a guru in the film Inspector Gadget where he is training with Inspector Gadget to control his gadgets and tells him to grab two balls with his expanding arm and Gadget does so, but instead, he accidentally grips the guru's testicles causing him to get a high-pitched voice. He is then hospitalised. He also made a small guest appearance in the second season of The Mentalist in episode 16 entitled ""Code Red"" where he played a professor working at the Northern California Technology Institute. His most recent appearances include the role of Mr. Pashmutt on Desperate Housewives (in the 2005 episode ""You Could Drive a Person Crazy""), Ali on American Dad! (in the 2005 episode ""Stan of Arabia: Part 2"") and Captain Barbossa in Kingdom Hearts II and Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. He also appeared on The 4400 in the third-season episode ""The Starzl Mutation"". Also appeared in the St. Valentine's Day episode of Grey's Anatomy as a carrier waiter in love with another patient, but ends up dying of complications towards the end of the episode. He also voiced Sahin the Falcon and Stuart Black in Age of Empires III and is also the voice of Fareed ""Freddie"" Abdul Salaam (a taxi driver and informant) in the game True Crime: New York City. He plays a short tempered convenience store owner in the 2001 film Ghost World. He also plays the role of ""Iqbal"" in the 2006 film Employee of the Month. He played ""Pushpop"", an Indian ice cream vendor, in the 2001 film Bubble Boy. He also played the culturally diverse (Sikh-Catholic-Muslim mix with Jewish in-laws) bartender who counselled the priest played by Edward Norton through a crisis of faith in the 2000 film Keeping the Faith. In the 2008 indie romantic comedy Shades of Ray, he played the overbearing Pakistani father to a half-Pakistani, half-Caucasian (Zachary Levi) in the midst of questioning his prior policy of only dating white women. He also was the foster father of Ricky in the television series The Secret Life of the American Teenager. In The Penguins of Madagascar, George guest stars as the zoo doctor in ""Needle Point"", ""I Was a Penguin Zombie"", ""Operation: Cooties"", ""Love Hurts"", and ""I Know Why the Caged Bird Goes Insane"". He also appeared on Disney Channel show That's So Raven as Dr. Sleevemore, a ""psychic doctor"" who treats Raven's vision-related problems. He appeared in 2 episodes. In the season 1 episode ""Saving Psychic Raven"", Raven starts attending his ""Institute for Psychic Research"", meeting other teenage psychics. Raven decides not to go back to there at the end of the episode after an ongoing feud between the psychics and Raven's friends. Dr. Sleevemore is neither seen nor mentioned again until the season 3 episode ""Vision Impossible"". He also appeared on the Disney Channel show Phineas and Ferb on the hour long special ""Summer Belongs To You"" as Uncle Sabu, voiced Mr. Kumar on the Disney Junior show Handy Manny, and voiced a character on the Disney Channel show Mickey Mouse. He regularly voiced several characters on DC Nation's Green Lantern: The Animated Series, including Appa Ali Apsa, LANOS, and Brother Warth. He also appeared in the first episode of Beware the Batman, ""Hunted"", as the villain Professor Pyg, and in Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time as Sly's ancestor, Salim Al-Kupar. In 2013, George took up a recurring role in Once Upon a Time in Wonderland as an unnamed prisoner who is later revealed to be the Sultan of Agrabah and father of the show's principal antagonist: Jafar. Recently, he guest starred in SpongeBob SquarePants in the episode ""Drive Happy"" as Coupe, an arrogant and sarcastic sentient car that SpongeBob buys. He also had a featured role in the Uttera Singh-directed comedy short film Fanny Pack. After 12 years, he reprised his role as Doctor Sleevmore in the That's So Raven spin-off Raven's Home for a three episode special. ,  Brian George  2022-12-22T23:10:13Z  Brian George (born 1 July 1952) is a British actor. He is best known for his roles as Pakistani restaurateur Babu Bhatt in Seinfeld (1989–1998), the Indian gynecologist father of Raj Koothrappali in The Big Bang Theory (2007–2019), the voice of Chutney in Father of the Pride (2004–2005), and spiritual guide Guru Pathik in Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005–2008). George was born on 1 July 1952 in Jerusalem to Jewish parents of Baghdadi Jewish (Iraqi Jewish) descent, who had immigrated to Israel. His father was born in Lebanon and grew up in Bombay. His mother was from India and has part Indian ancestry. A year after his birth, the family moved from Israel to London and then, in 1966, to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. George is the youngest of four siblings. He attended an all-boys school in London but made the switch to a public co-ed high school when the family moved to Toronto. He attended the University of Toronto, where he was active in theatre productions. He left before graduation and formed a theatre group. When it failed to succeed, he moved on to join the Second City, where he trained with John Candy, among others. George appeared as a United Nations secretary in Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, as Julian Bashir's father in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode ""Doctor Bashir, I Presume?"", and on a recurring basis as Raj's father in The Big Bang Theory. In 2006, he landed a recurring role as Sasan's father Omid in So NoTORIous. He also provided the voice of Bob Fish in the last two series of Bob and Margaret. He appeared on numerous other sitcoms, including three episodes of Seinfeld as Pakistani immigrant Babu Bhatt, who is deported to Pakistan when Elaine Benes fails to give Jerry Seinfeld his mail, which contains Babu's visa application, in time. George returned in the series' finale. He also appeared in two episodes of Ellen as Ranjit, a member of the book club that gathers in Ellen's book shop. He had a recurring role as newsman Hugh Persons on Doctor, Doctor during its second season. He made a guest appearance in the first season of Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda as Wayist religious leader Vikram Singh Khalsa. He also appeared in One Tree Hill as Brooke's taxi driver when she goes to launch her clothes line in New York. George has done voiceover work in animated shows such as Batman: The Animated Series (as musician turned gangster Jimmy ""The Jazzman"" Peake); Handy Manny; Kim Possible as antagonist Duff Killigan, a Scotsman who uses exploding golf balls when attacking Kim and Ron Stoppable, Kim's sidekick; Avatar: The Last Airbender as Guru Pathik; Batman Beyond; Justice League (voicing Parasite, in a style similar to the first voice actor of Parasite, Brion James), Morgan Edge and President George W. Bush), MASK, Invader Zim, and Jedi Master Ki-Adi Mundi in Season 2 of Star Wars: The Clone Wars. He has also appeared in video games like Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, Baldur's Gate, Ultimate Spider-Man, Mass Effect 3, EverQuest II and Final Fantasy XIV. Early in his acting career, he was among the cast of 1985's The Care Bears Movie, and made guest appearances in the Canadian television series The Edison Twins, The Littlest Hobo, Comedy Factory and King of Kensington. He also took over the voice of Bob Fish in the Anglo-Canadian animated comedy series Bob and Margaret and Pugg in the 1993 revival series of The Pink Panther. He played a guru in the film Inspector Gadget who trains with Inspector Gadget. He also made a small guest appearance in the second season of The Mentalist in episode 16 entitled ""Code Red"". He played a professor working at the Northern California Technology Institute. His other appearances include the role of Mr. Pashmutt on Desperate Housewives (in the 2005 episode ""You Could Drive a Person Crazy""), Ali on American Dad! (in the 2005 episode ""Stan of Arabia: Part 2"") and Captain Barbossa in Kingdom Hearts II and Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. He also appeared on The 4400 in the third-season episode ""The Starzl Mutation"". Also appeared in the St. Valentine's Day episode of Grey's Anatomy as a carrier waiter in love with another patient. He also voiced Sahin the Falcon and Stuart Black in Age of Empires III. He plays a short tempered convenience store owner in the 2001 film Ghost World. He also plays the role of ""Iqbal"" in the 2006 film Employee of the Month. He played ""Pushpop"", an Indian ice cream vendor, in the 2001 film Bubble Boy. He also played the culturally diverse (Sikh-Catholic-Muslim mix with Jewish in-laws) bartender who counselled the priest played by Edward Norton through a crisis of faith in the 2000 film Keeping the Faith. In the 2008 indie romantic comedy Shades of Ray, he played the overbearing Pakistani father to a half-Pakistani, half-Caucasian (Zachary Levi) in the midst of questioning his prior policy of only dating white women. He also was the foster father of Ricky in the television series The Secret Life of the American Teenager. In The Penguins of Madagascar, George guest stars as the zoo doctor in ""Needle Point"", ""I Was a Penguin Zombie"", ""Operation: Cooties"", ""Love Hurts"", and ""I Know Why the Caged Bird Goes Insane"". He also appeared on Disney Channel show That's So Raven as Dr. Sleevemore, a ""psychic doctor"" who treats Raven's vision-related problems. He appeared in 2 episodes. He also appeared on the Disney Channel show Phineas and Ferb on the hour long special ""Summer Belongs To You"" as Uncle Sabu, voiced Mr. Kumar on the Disney Junior show Handy Manny, and voiced a character on the Disney Channel show Mickey Mouse. He regularly voiced several characters on DC Nation's Green Lantern: The Animated Series, including Appa Ali Apsa, LANOS, and Brother Warth. He also appeared in the first episode of Beware the Batman, ""Hunted"", as the villain Professor Pyg, and in Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time as Sly's ancestor, Salim Al-Kupar. In 2013, George took up a recurring role in Once Upon a Time in Wonderland as an unnamed prisoner who is later revealed to be the Sultan of Agrabah and father of the show's principal antagonist: Jafar. He guest starred in SpongeBob SquarePants in the episode ""Drive Happy"" as Coupe, an arrogant and sarcastic sentient car that SpongeBob buys. He also had a featured role in the Uttera Singh-directed comedy short film Fanny Pack. After 12 years, he reprised his role as Doctor Sleevmore in the That's So Raven spin-off Raven's Home for a three episode special.",1
Seattle Mariners,"Seattle Mariners  2005-01-03T07:40:03Z  The Seattle Mariners are a Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. They are in the Western Division of the American League. The Mariners were added to the American League in 1977, and were for many years perennial non-achievers. Despite having stars such as Alvin Davis and Gaylord Perry, the Mariners did not have a winning record until 1991. By the mid 1990s, under manager Lou Piniella, the Mariners added a core of strong players built around center-fielder Ken Griffey, Jr., pitcher Randy Johnson and designated hitter Edgar Martinez. They won their first division title in 1995, having trailed the California Angels by 13 games in mid-August. Their dramatic championship run that year was halted in the ALCS by the Cleveland Indians. The Mariners won the division title again in 1997. In 2001, despite the loss of superstar shortstop Alex Rodriguez, the addition of Japanese sensation Ichiro Suzuki helped the Mariners to have one of the most successful regular seasons on record, leading the major leagues in winning percentage from start to finish, easily winning the American League West championship, setting a new American League record for most wins in a single season (116), and matching the major league record for single season wins set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. They pulled off a come-from-behind 3-2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS to advance to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1. At the end of the 2002 season, manager Lou Piniella left the Mariners to manage the Tampa Bay Devil Rays over the management policy of non-aggressive hiring. The Mariners signed Bob Melvin to be their new manager. Despite an excellent start to the 2003 season, the Mariners failed to make the playoffs. The Mariners stayed competitive in 7 of the 9 seasons from 1995 to 2003. The 2004 season, however, saw the demise of the Mariners' dominance of their division. Although many of their players were aging, the Mariners continued an apparent practice of ""content to contend,"" starting the 2004 season having not made a major deal in three years. Despite this fact, many experts figured the Mariners would be a contending team, but one that would not win the World Series. The team lost their first five games and went into the All-Star Break with a 9-game losing streak, a 32-54 season record (.372), and a 17-game deficit behind the first-place Texas Rangers. After the All-Star break, the Mariners stopped ignoring that a crisis was on their hands, and started giving the team a complete overhaul, moving aging but proven players away from center stage and inserting over a dozen call-ups onto the 25-man roster. The Mariners' woes still continue, however, but instead of futile brooding on the aging of the team, the bad play can be improved through training of these young players, few who are even 25 yet. The season's end was enlivened by Ichiro breaking George Sisler's single season record of 257 hits, and events to honor the retirement of Mariner stalwart, Edgar Martinez. Just days after the end of the season, the Mariners fired Bob Melvin. On October 20, 2004, the Mariners announced the signing of their new manager, Mike Hargrove. Hargrove was the manager who led the Cleveland Indians past the Mariners in the 1995 ALCS. In 2004, Japanese video game manufacturer Nintendo acquired a majority ownership in the team by acquiring the shares from its former president, Hiroshi Yamauchi. The deal was done in August, but just recently announced. ,  Seattle Mariners  2006-12-30T22:59:57Z  The Seattle Mariners are a Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. They are in the West Division of the American League. They are also one of only 5 MLB teams to have never appeared in the World Series. The Mariners were created as a direct result of a lawsuit. In 1970, in the aftermath of the Seattle Pilots purchase and relocation to Milwaukee by future Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig, the City of Seattle, King County, and the State of Washington (led by attorney general and future U.S. Senator Slade Gorton) sued the American League for breach of contract. They asserted that the AL invested time and resources into trying to make major league baseball work in Seattle, and reneged on the deal with the sale of the Pilots to Selig. The suit requested $32 million in damages resulting from the loss of the Pilots. The lawsuit continued until 1976. At trial, the American League offered to give Seattle an expansion baseball franchise in return for dropping the suit. The details were ironed out over the next year. As a result, the Mariners franchise (along with the Toronto Blue Jays) was established in 1976, for play beginning in 1977. Entertainer Danny Kaye was part of the ownership group. The Kingdome, the Mariners' first stadium, which was originally intended as the home for the Pilots (some of the 1969 Pilots game programs had artist renderings of a domed stadium on the cover), was in large part the result of the ""Forward Thrust"" bond issue passed by King County voters in 1969, Major League Baseball was now back in Seattle for the first time since the departure of the Pilots, whose name Selig changed to the Brewers. The Brewers now play in the rival National League. The Mariners played their first game on April 6 1977 to a sold-out crowd of 57,762 at the Kingdome, losing 7-0 to the California Angels. The early history of the team during the 1970s and 1980s is characterized by perennial non-achievement. The Mariners finished last or next-to-last in their division in 10 of their first 13 seasons, and did not record a winning season until 1991. In the team's inaugural season of 1977, pitcher Diego Segui, in his last major league season, became the only player to play for both the Pilots and the Mariners. Despite having stars such as Gaylord Perry (the famed spitballer, who was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991, spent the final two years of his 20+ season career with Seattle and was given the nickname ""The Ancient Mariner""), Alvin Davis (American League Rookie of the Year (1984)), Harold Reynolds (two-time All-Star (1987-88) and three-time Gold-Glover (1988-90)), and Mark Langston (league-leader in strikeouts pitched (1984, 1986-87)), the team gained a reputation for poor performances and losing records. Highlights of the early years included hosting the 1979 All-Star Game, Gaylord Perry's 300th career win in 1982, Jim Presley's 10th inning game-winning grand slam on opening day in 1986 (this coming after he tied the game with a two run homer in the ninth), cannon-blasts from the ""USS Mariner"" behind the center field wall following home runs by the home team, appearances by Morganna the kissing-bandit, and promotions such as ""Funny Nose Glasses Night."" One notable lowlight was Roger Clemens's record-setting performance on April 29, 1986, when he struck out 20 Mariners on the way to defeating them 3-1, setting what was then the all-time single-game strikeout record and becoming the first pitcher ever to strike out 20 batters in a nine-inning game. The rookie season (1989) of center fielder Ken Griffey, Jr., acquired with the 1st pick in the 1st round of the 1987 amateur draft, gave fans hope that a change of fortunes might be on the horizon. Acclaimed as one of the most talented young athletes in all of baseball, Griffey's combination of charisma, stellar defensive ability, hitting power, and baserunning speed made him one of baseball's preeminent superstars of the 1990s, and helped to steer the Mariners to much greater success during his 11 seasons in Seattle. After yet another dismal performance in 1990, the Mariners managed their first winning season in 1991, finishing 83-79 under manager Jim Lefebvre. Though it was the team's best season up to that point, it was only good enough for a fifth place finish in their seven-team division, and Lefebvre was fired. Bill Plummer was hired as manager for the 1992 season, but was fired at the end of the year following 98 losses and an ownership change in July. During the following offseason, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who had managed the Cincinnati Reds to victory in the 1990 World Series. Mariner fans embraced Piniella, and he would end up managing the team from 1993 through 2002, winning two American League Manager of the Year Awards. The Mariners' fortunes began to improve in 1994. The team had added a core of strong players built around center fielder Ken Griffey, Jr., pitcher Randy Johnson, designated hitter Edgar Martinez, and right fielder Jay Buhner. But, ironically, the emergence of the team from the disaster that symbolized their history may have been precipitated by a disaster of a different sort. On July 19, 1994, four 15-pound ceiling tiles crashed down from the Kingdome roof. The incident led to uncertainty over whether the Kingdome was fit for use as a major league stadium, and may well have ultimately been a factor leading to the construction of Safeco Field. The player's association rejected the idea of playing games at Cheney Stadium in Tacoma or BC Place in Vancouver while the Kingdome was repaired, deciding that games should not be played in non-MLB ballparks. This forced the Mariners to play their next 20 games on the road over the span of 21 days. The long trip began miserably as the Mariners started off 2-8. Suddenly, however, the Mariners fortunes reversed. After winning nine of their next ten games, the Mariners were just 2 games behind the division-leading Texas Rangers when a players' strike was called on August 12 that resulted in the cancellation the rest of the season. Many players felt the time together on the road and the overcoming of the adversity faced that season fed directly into the success the team would achieve in the 1995 season. Although pitchers Randy Johnson, Bill Risley, and Bobby Ayala combined for an opening-day three-hit shutout, the Mariners' 1995 season started off on a bad note overall, as Griffey sustained a major early-season injury. Despite this loss, the Mariners continued to play fairly well. In mid-August, however, the Mariners appeared to be out of contention, 13 games behind the first-place California Angels. The tide turned with a September winning streak marked by late-inning comeback wins, which led to the slogan ""Refuse to Lose."" Combined with a losing streak by the Angels, this opened the way for the Mariners to end up tied with the Angels for first place at the end of the regular season, forcing a one-game playoff. The playoff pitted Johnson against Angels ace Mark Langston, whom, incidentally, the Mariners had traded for Johnson in 1989. Langston ended up on the seat of his pants at homeplate failing to tag out Luis Sojo who came all the way around after clearing the bases with a ball that got by the Angels first baseman, J. T. Snow, rattled around underneath California's bullpen bench, and resulted in a hurried and errant cut-off throw from Langston. The Mariners won the tiebreaker game 9-1 and clinched their first-ever trip to the playoffs. The Mariners had won 25 of their last 36 games. The Mariners lost the first two games of the ALDS against the New York Yankees, but managed to win the next two at home and force a decisive Game 5. Down 5-4 in the bottom of the 11th inning, one of the most memorable moments in Mariners history took place. Edgar Martinez hit a game-winning double off Yankee ace Jack McDowell, scoring Joey Cora and Griffey to win the game 6-5 and advance to the American League Championship Series. ""The Double"", as Martinez's clutch hit has since been called by Mariners fans, is credited as being the moment that ""saved baseball in Seattle"" by generating interest in the team and making a new, baseball-only stadium possible. Many die-hard Mariners fans can still recite the Voice of the Mariners and game commentator Dave Niehaus' call on the play: The Mariners are going to play for the American League Championship! I don't believe it, it just continues, My oh my! Although the Mariners' championship run was halted in the ALCS by another up-and-coming club, Mike Hargrove's Cleveland Indians, who won the series 4 games to 2, 1995 is remembered as ""The Magical Season"" with ""The Double"" still considered by many the greatest moment in Mariners history. In 1996, the Mariners, led by Griffey, rookie shortstop Alex Rodriguez, and sluggers Jay Buhner and Edgar Martinez, won a then-team record 85 games, but missed the playoffs. The juggernaut offense set the all-time record for most home runs by a team in a season, but ultimately the Mariners' inconsistent pitching, exacerbated by a midseason injury to Randy Johnson, doomed the team. The Mariners won the division title again in 1997, but were defeated in the ALDS 3 games to 1 by the Baltimore Orioles. They were again hurt by a lack of pitching depth to complement the strong offense, which was, as usual, led by Griffey, who won the MVP award, a first for both him and the Mariners. In 1998 and 1999, the Mariners had losing records due primarily to their lack of pitching depth. Randy Johnson was traded at the 1998 July non-waiver trading deadline to the Houston Astros after being inconsistent in the first half of the season; some fans and press thought he was trying to force a trade through malaise. Strong pitching from aces Jeff Fassero and Jamie Moyer was not enough to fully offset the loss, and the bullpen's struggles continued. Midway through the 1999 season, the Mariners moved to SAFECO Field. After the 1999 season, Ken Griffey, Jr. requested and attained a trade to the Cincinnati Reds, leaving Alex Rodriguez as the face of the franchise at the beginning of the high-expectation Safeco Field era. 2000 was a return to respectability for the Mariners. They finished half a game behind Oakland Athletics in the AL West, as they played only 161 games. The tiebreaking rules had already awarded the division crown to Oakland, so the rained out 162nd game was not made up, and the Mariners were declared wild card winners. While Ken Griffey, Jr. was no longer patrolling center or anchoring the middle of the batting order, his replacement, Mike Cameron, was noted for his solid hitting and exceptional glovework (he would go on to win two Gold Gloves with the team). Alex Rodriguez replaced Junior as the face of the franchise. Edgar Martinez continued his steady hitting in the cleanup spot, putting up a career high in homers. Both finished in the top six in MVP voting. Jamie Moyer, Freddy Garcia, and Aaron Sele anchored what was easily the most successful rotation in Seattle since the departure of Randy Johnson. Closer Kazuhiro Sasaki, previously a star for the Japanese Yokohama BayStars, won the AL Rookie of the Year award. Stolen base king and former MVP Rickey Henderson was acquired midseason and filled longtime needs in left field and in the leadoff slot. The Mariners swept the Chicago White Sox in the ALDS, but lost to the New York Yankees in six games in the ALCS. The following offseason was one of the most significant in Mariners history, as Rodríguez was up for free agency. Ultimately, Rodríguez was lost to the Texas Rangers for what was then the richest contract ever in professional sports. However, the Mariners were able to weather the loss by adding Japanese superstar Ichiro Suzuki and slick fielding, power hitting second base veteran Bret Boone. In 2001, despite the loss of Rodríguez (who would be greeted on his return to Safeco with Monopoly money dropped by unusually irate Seattle fans, and on subsequent returns by incessant booing), the addition of Ichiro and a career season by Boone helped the Mariners to the most successful regular season on record in the modern era. The 2001 Mariners led the major leagues in winning percentage all season long, easily winning the American League West division championship and matching the previous Major League Baseball record for single season wins of 116 set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. At the end of the season, Ichiro won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove Awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox's Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. He also became the charismatic, if enigmatic, face of the team. He has been the subject of several books (including one which consists solely of his zen-like quotations) and caused a stir by wearing his first name on the back of his jersey, an almost unheard of practice in American sport. Due to the contributions of Ichiro and the rest of the team, the Mariners pulled off a come-from-behind 3-2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the Division Series to advance to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1, in a series which had been postponed due to the terrorist attacks on September 11th. The Mariners also hosted the All-Star Game that year, and had a league-leading and team record eight All-Stars: RF Ichiro Suzuki, DH Edgar Martinez, CF Mike Cameron, 2B Bret Boone, 1B John Olerud, and pitchers Freddy Garcia, Kazuhiro Sasaki and Jeff Nelson. The Mariners started the 2002 season hot (they were on pace to win 100+ games again well into the summer), but they missed out on the playoffs. This was widely attributed to their failure to find a substantial contributor at the trade deadline and hot streaks by the Anaheim Angels and Oakland Athletics in the later months of the season. Ultimately, the Angels won the World Series as the Mariners won 93 games, which was still the second best total in their history. At the end of the season, manager Lou Piniella left the Mariners to manage his hometown Tampa Bay Devil Rays, reportedly due to his anger with management; Piniella believed that management was more concerned with the bottom line than acquiring quality players. The Mariners signed Bob Melvin to be their new manager. The local press speculated that a first year manager (especially someone more even-tempered than the fiery Piniella) would be easier for the front office and ownership to control. The Mariners again got off to an excellent start in the 2003 season. They contended all season long and reached the same record as in 2002, but were again beaten to the playoffs by their division rival Oakland Athletics. Their failure to make the playoffs was again blamed on management's failure to bring in a bat at the trading deadline and the aging roster's decline, notably by pitcher Jeff Nelson, who was himself traded after criticizing the front office's deadline inactivity. General manager Pat Gillick became a consultant midway through the offseason to make room for new GM Bill Bavasi. With the exception of the 1998 and 1999 seasons, the Mariners had been annual challengers for the AL West title from 1995 through 2003. The 2004 season, however, saw the fall of the Mariners from contention. With an aging roster, the Mariners went into the All-Star Break with a 9-game losing streak, and a 32-54 season record (.372) 17 games behind the first-place Texas Rangers. After the All-Star break, unable to ignore the dreadful state of their team, the Mariners gave the team a complete overhaul, trading Freddy Garcia to the Chicago White Sox for Miguel Olivo, Jeremy Reed, and Mike Morse and moving aging and struggling players away from center stage (most notably, releasing Gold Glover John Olerud) and inserting over a dozen minor league call-ups into the 25-man roster. The season's end was enlivened by Ichiro breaking George Sisler's single season record of 257 hits (finishing with 262) and by events honoring the retirement of Mariner icon Edgar Martinez. Just days after the end of the season, the Mariners fired manager Bob Melvin. On October 20, 2004, the Mariners announced the signing of Mike Hargrove, who had led the Cleveland Indians past the Mariners in the 1995 ALCS, as their new manager. In the offseason, the Mariners and Bavasi surprised fans and the local press by signing two premier free agents, third baseman Adrian Beltre and first baseman Richie Sexson, ending some accusations from fans that the organization was only willing to make piecemeal signings and trades. Despite several personnel changes and free-agent signings after the 2004 season, the team stayed at the bottom of the divisional standings throughout the 2005 season and finished in last place, though they improved their record by six games compared to the previous year. The brightest spot of the season was the emergence of the vaunted 19-year-old Venezuelan pitching prospect Felix Hernandez, who became the youngest major leaguer to debut since Jose Rijo entered the league with the New York Yankees in 1984. Sexson also played very well, hitting 39 home runs and 121 RBI. Stars Ichiro and Beltre, however, did not reach their high levels of offensive production from 2004, and 2B Bret Boone was released before the All-Star break. Along with Hernandez, two rookie middle infielders became part of the Mariners' long term plans: Cuban defector and shortstop Yuniesky Betancourt and Venezuelan second baseman and former top prospect Jose Lopez became the next season's starters. However, the Mariners' rotation beyond Hernandez and the aging Jamie Moyer was poor, and the Mariners suffered the embarrassment of having the most suspendees under MLB's new drug testing policy, notably pitcher Ryan Franklin and IF/OF Mike Morse. During the 2005-2006 off-season, Ichiro spoke out and criticized the team's attitude, pointing out its lack of leadership and manager Hargrove's failure to harness players. The Mariners began the 2005–2006 off-season by signing star Japanese catcher Kenji Johjima to a 3-year deal and left-handed starter Jarrod Washburn (formerly of division rival Los Angeles) to a 4-year deal. Designated hitter Carl Everett and outfielder Matt Lawton also joined the team, although both would finish the season out of baseball. The Mariners entered the All-Star Break 2.5 games out of first place in the AL West with a 43-46 record. Despite remaining in contention within the AL West through July, a disastrous 0-11 road trip in mid-August signaled the end of the Mariners' playoff hopes, leaving them in last place, where they would finish the season. Pitcher Jamie Moyer was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for a pair of minor league prospects, and weeks later bench coach Ron Hassey and administrative coach Dan Rohn—whom many viewed as a prime candidate to replace Hargrove as manager—were removed from their positions with the team. At season's end, the Mariners had only narrowly avoided losing 90 games for the third consecutive year. While the team enters the 2006-2007 off-season with some young talent in key positions, many questions remain as to the consistency of their offense and, more importantly, the strength of their starting pitching staff. Lost ALCS to Cleveland Indians, 2-4. Won ALDS vs Chicago White Sox, 3-0. Lost ALCS to New York Yankees, 2-4. Lost ALCS to New York Yankees, 1-4. The team has a Mariners Hall of Fame, with the following members: The Seattle Mariners have not retired any uniform numbers. It is stated Mariners policy that only players in the National Baseball Hall of Fame who played for at least five years with the Mariners, or career Mariners players who narrowly avoid election, will have their numbers officially retired. Despite not officially retiring any numbers, the team has not reissued the numbers 6 (Dan Wilson), 11 (Edgar Martinez), 14 (Lou Piniella), 19 (Jay Buhner), 24 (Ken Griffey, Jr.), or 50 (Jamie Moyer) to any uniformed staff since the last player to have worn the number left the team. Number 51, worn by Randy Johnson, was withheld from players from 1998 until 2001, when it was awarded to Ichiro Suzuki upon his request after wearing it for his entire superstar career in Japan. Jackie Robinson's number, 42, was retired throughout Major League Baseball on April 15, 1997. Last updated on December 14, 2006 Pitchers Catchers Infielders Outfielders Manager Coaches  Team Seattle Mariners",1
Saint_Thomas_More_Academy_Philippines,"Saint_Thomas_More_Academy_Philippines  2008-07-20T06:23:14Z   St. Thomas More Academy Philippines is a private pre-school, elementary and high-school in Philippines. The academy was started on year 1990 and they have two branches in the country, St. Thomas More Academy - Main which is located at Bacoor, Cavite & St. Thomas More Academy - Annex which is located at Molino 4 , Cavite. ,  Saint_Thomas_More_Academy_Philippines  2010-02-05T06:29:10Z   St. Thomas More Academy is a private pre-school, elementary and high-school in Philippines. The academy was founded in 1990 and has three branches in the Philippines. These are Main, the only branch that offers high-school enrollees, Annex both of which are located at Bacoor, Cavite and Tanza which are located at Tanza, Cavite. location imus/ bacoor cavite",0
Andrew_Rubin,"Andrew_Rubin  2016-08-31T03:13:43Z   Andrew Harold Rubin (June 22, 1946 – October 5, 2015) was an American actor who appeared in Police Academy and many other films. Rubin was born June 22, 1946, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Rubin ""began appearing in commercials in the late 1960s. ""He was one of the stars of Hometown, a 1985 CBS program. On October 5, 2015, Rubin died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, California. ,  Andrew_Rubin  2018-01-06T08:38:55Z   Andrew Harold Rubin (June 22, 1946 – October 5, 2015) was an American actor who appeared in Police Academy and many other films. Rubin was born June 22, 1946 in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Rubin ""began appearing in commercials in the late 1960s. ""He was one of the stars of Hometown, a 1985 CBS program. Rubin also portrayed Alan Wilis,the eldest child of Tom and Helen Wilis on The Jeffersons. On October 5, 2015, Rubin died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, California.",0
Luenell,"Luenell  2007-01-05T20:46:46Z  Luenell Campbell (born March 12 1959) is an African American comedian and actress. She was born in the U.S. state of Arkansas and uses only her first name. She is the youngest of eight children. Luenell was raised in Northern California and attended Castro Valley High School. She was one of the few actual actors in the 2006 hit mockumentary-styled comedy film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. In it, Luenell plays a prostitute of the same name, a hooker with a heart of gold. No one recognized her because she did not gain any fame at that time. Luenell has one daughter, and lives in Los Angeles, California. ,  Luenell  2008-12-30T17:08:58Z  Luenell Campbell (born March 12 1959) is an American comedienne and actress. She was born in Tollette, Arkansas and uses only her first name. She is the youngest of eight children. She was raised in Northern California and attended Castro Valley High School. Luenell has one daughter, and lives in Los Angeles, California. In the early 1990s Luenell appeared regularly on Soul Beat TV on the Oakland, California cable station KSBT, along with prominent Bay Area African-American journalist Chauncey Bailey, an interview and talk show host on the program. Luenell was one of the few actual actors in the 2006 hit mockumentary-styled comedy film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. In it, Luenell plays a prostitute of the same name, a hooker with a heart of gold. She has also been seen on the BET comedy series, Comicview, and is featured on the new season of Wild 'N Out. Luenell was in the second episode of the Comedy Central comedic reality show, Reality Bites Back.",1
Nick Percat,"Nick Percat  2009-09-22T01:46:56Z  Nick Percat is an Australian racing driver currently racing in National Formula Ford website http://www.nickpercat.com Winner of the 2009 Formula Ford Championship,  Nick Percat  2010-12-08T00:04:44Z  Nick Percat is an Australian racing driver currently racing in the Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series with Jay Motorsport. Percat won the 2009 Australian Formula Ford Championship.",1
Cho Jin-woong,"Cho Jin-woong  2012-05-30T13:35:23Z  Jo Jin-woong (조진웅) (March 3 1976) is South Korean actor who best known for his roles include Deep Rotted Tree as Sejong's loyal bodyguard Moo-Hyul and Nameless Gangster as Choi Hyung-bae's enemy Kim Pan-ho,  Cho Jin-woong  2013-12-16T04:10:35Z  name Cho Jin-woong (born Jo Won-joon on March 3, 1976) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles as Sejong's loyal bodyguard Moo-hyul in Deep Rooted Tree, and as the mobster Kim Pan-ho in Nameless Gangster.",1
Seattle Mariners,"Seattle Mariners  2012-01-21T13:56:27Z  The Seattle Mariners are a professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. Enfranchised in 1977, the Mariners are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Safeco Field has been the Mariners' home ballpark since July 1999. From their 1977 inception until June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome. The ""Mariners"" name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle. They are nicknamed ""the M's"", a title featured in their primary logo from 1987–1992. The current team colors are Navy Blue, Northwest Green (also known as dark cyan), and Metallic Silver, after having been Royal Blue and Gold from 1977–1992. Their mascot is the Mariner Moose. The organization did not field a winning team until 1991, and any real success eluded them until 1995 when they won their first division championship and defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Division Series. The game-winning hit in Game 5, in which Edgar Martinez drove home Ken Griffey, Jr. to win the game in the 11th inning, clinched a series win for the Mariners, and has since become an iconic moment in team history. The Mariners won 116 games in 2001, which set the American League record for most wins in a single season and tied the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the Major League record for most wins in a single season. Despite several successful seasons, especially between 1995 and 2001, they are one of only two MLB franchises (and the only American League team) never to have gained a berth in a World Series; the Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals of the National League are the other team. Owned by Nintendo of America, the Mariners are one of three Major League Baseball teams under corporate ownership; the other two are the Atlanta Braves and the Toronto Blue Jays. The Mariners were created as a result of a lawsuit. In 1970, in the aftermath of the Seattle Pilots' purchase and relocation to Milwaukee (as the Milwaukee Brewers) by future Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig, the City of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington (represented by then-State Attorney General and later U.S. Senator Slade Gorton) sued the American League for breach of contract. Confident that Major League Baseball would return to Seattle within a few years, King County built the multi-purpose Kingdome, which would become home to the NFL's expansion Seattle Seahawks in 1976. The Mariners played their first game on April 6, 1977, to a sold-out crowd of 57,762 at the Kingdome, losing 7–0 to the California Angels. The first home run in team history was hit on April 10, 1977, by designated hitter Juan Bernhardt. That year, star pitcher Diego Segui, in his last major league season, became the only player to play for both the Pilots and the Mariners. The Mariners finished with a 64–98 record, echoing the record the 1969 Pilots once held. In 1979, Seattle hosted the 50th Major League Baseball All-Star Game. After the 1981 season, the Mariners were sold to California businessman and future U.S. Ambassador to Spain George Argyros. In 1993, the Mariners donned their current uniforms. During the 1992–93 offseason, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who had led the Cincinnati Reds to victory in the 1990 World Series. Mariner fans embraced Piniella, and he would helm the team from 1993 through 2002, winning two American League Manager of the Year Awards along the way. The 2001 Mariners led the major leagues in winning percentage all season long, easily winning the American League West division championship, breaking the 1998 Yankees American League single-season record of 114 wins, and matching the Major League Baseball record for single-season wins of 116 set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. At the end of the season, Ichiro won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove Awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox's Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. On October 22, 2008 the Mariners announced the hiring of Jack Zduriencik, formerly scouting director of the Milwaukee Brewers, as their general manager. Weeks later, on November 18, the team named Oakland Athletics bench coach Don Wakamatsu as its new field manager. Wakamatsu and Zduriencik hired an entirely new coaching staff for 2009, which included former World Series MVP John Wetteland as bullpen coach. The off-season also saw a litany of roster moves, headlined by a 12-player, 3-team trade that included sending All-Star closer J.J. Putz to the New York Mets and brought 5 players—including prospect Mike Carp and outfielder Endy Chávez from New York and outfielder Franklin Gutierrez from the Cleveland Indians—to Seattle. Many of the moves, like the free agent signing of Mike Sweeney, were made in part with the hope of squelching the clubhouse infighting that plagued the Mariners in 2008. It also saw the return of Seattle favorite Ken Griffey Jr. The 2009–10 offseason was highlighted by the trade for 2008 American League Cy Young Award winner Cliff Lee from the Philadelphia Phillies, the signing of third baseman Chone Figgins and the contract extension of star pitcher ""King"" Félix Hernández. On June 2, 2010 Ken Griffey Jr. announced his retirement after 22 MLB seasons. On August 9, 2010 the Mariners fired field manager Don Wakamatsu along with bench coach Ty Van Burkleo, pitching coach Rick Adair and performance coach Steve Hecht. Daren Brown, the manager of the AAA affiliate Tacoma Rainiers, took over as interim field manager. Roger Hansen, the former Minor League catching coordinator, was promoted to bench coach. Carl Willis, the former Minor League pitching coordinator, was promoted to pitching coach. The Mariners hired former Cleveland Indians manager Eric Wedge as their new manager on October 19, 2010. On November 10, 2010, Dave Niehaus, the Mariners' play-by-play announcer since the team's founding, died of a heart attack at the age of 75. On July 27, 2011, the Mariners ended a team high 17-game losing streak with a win against the New York Yankees. The team mainly plays spring training games in Peoria, Arizona. They share the complex and stadium with the San Diego Padres. This is a partial list listing the past twelve completed regular seasons. For the full season records, see here. First team of 2008 to officially be eliminated from the 2008 playoffs. Worst record since 1983, which was the last time they had lost over 100 games in a season. First team in MLB history to lose 100 games with a $100 million payroll. Dave Niehaus wins the Ford C. Frick Award and enters the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Ichiro and Franklin Gutiérrez win the 2010 Rawlings Gold Glove awards for AL Right Field and Center Field, respectively. Former Executive Pat Gillick was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee. Ichiro has his tenth consecutive season batting over .300 with 200 hits, winning a Rawlings Gold Glove Award, and appearing in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The following elected members of the Baseball Hall of Fame spent part of their careers with the Mariners. None is depicted on his plaque wearing a Mariners cap insignia. Gaylord Perry Pat Gillick† Goose Gossage Rickey Henderson Dick Williams Dave Niehaus Seattle Mariners former chairman and CEO John Ellis announced on June 14, 1997 the creation of a Mariners Hall of Fame. It is operated by the Seattle Mariners organization. It honors the players, staff and other individuals that greatly contributed to the history and success of the Mariners franchise. It is located at the Baseball Museum of the Pacific Northwest in Safeco Field. The current members of the Mariners Hall of Fame are: The Seattle Mariners have not retired any uniform numbers. Official team policy states that number retirement is reserved for players in the National Baseball Hall of Fame who played for at least five years with the Mariners, or career Mariners players whose name appears at least once on the Hall of Fame ballot. Despite not officially retiring any numbers, the team has not reissued the numbers 11 (Edgar Martínez), 14 (Lou Piniella), 19 (Jay Buhner) or 24 (Ken Griffey, Jr.) to any uniformed staff since the last player to have worn the number left the team. Uniform number 00 is presumed off-limits, as it has been worn by the Mariner Moose since 1997 (outfielder Jeffrey Leonard was the last player to don 00 for the M's, in 1990). From 1990 to 1996, the Moose wore the last 2 digits of the year of the current season. Jackie Robinson's number, 42, was retired throughout Major League Baseball on April 15, 1997. Number 51, worn by Randy Johnson, was withheld from players from 1998 until 2001, when it was awarded to Ichiro Suzuki upon his request after wearing it for his entire career in Japan. 24 was not issued from the time Ken Griffey, Jr. left the team after the 1999 season until it was re-issued to him when he returned in 2009 and has not been reissued since his retirement in 2010. Rally Fries are a baseball tradition started by Mariners broadcaster Mike Blowers in 2007. During a game against the Cincinnati Reds, a fan tried to catch a foul ball along the right-field line but in turn spilled his tray of fries along the track. While chatting on the air and seeing the mishap, Blowers' partner, Dave Sims, suggested that he should send a new tray of fries to the fan. Blowers agreed, and sent his intern to deliver a plate of fries to the man. However, on the next game, fans made signs and boards, asking Blowers for free fries as well. Coincidently, every time the fries were delivered, the Mariners seem to score or rally from a deficit, and thus the ""Rally Fries"" were created. This became so popular with the fans that signs were even seen when the Mariners were on the road, though on August 1, 2009, Blowers mentioned he doesn't award winners on the road. Generally, Blowers will select a person or a group of people that appeals to him, whether it is through fans wearing elaborate costumes or waving funny signs and boards. The fries are usually delivered from Ivar's, a Seattle-based seafood restaurant with a location at Safeco Field. The amount of fries given out varies with the size of the winning group of fans. The winners are generally selected around the 5th or 6th inning, although potential candidates are shown in almost every inning beforehand. As the 2011 season progressed, the Mariners marketing staff came up with an idea to encourage the growing fanbase of Cy Young-winning pitcher ""King"" Félix Hernández. Every Hernandez start at Safeco Field is now accompanied by a King's Court section -- a place for his fans to sing, dance and cheer while donning custom-made shirts. The King's Court is both a personal rooting section for Hernandez and trend-setter for Safeco Field. The team encouraged fans to dress like Larry Bernandez, Hernandez's alter ego from a Mariners TV Commercial, or show up in wacky costumes, rewarding the best with a ceremonial turkey leg. It's both an odd and hilarious gimmick, adding to the sheer spectacle of the King's Court. Pitchers Starting rotation Bullpen Closer(s) Catchers Infielders Outfielders Designated hitters Pitchers Catchers Infielders Outfielders Manager Coaches 60-day injured list The Mariners' flagship radio station is KIRO-AM 710 (ESPN Radio), which previously broadcast Mariners contests from 1985–2002. Former flagship stations include KOMO 1000 AM (2003–2008), and KVI 570 AM (1977–1984). Television rights are held by Root Sports Northwest. In years past, Mariners games have also appeared in Seattle on over-the-air stations KING-TV, KIRO-TV, KTZZ-TV, and KSTW-TV. Select Mariners games are also available on Canadian television, due to an agreement between Root Sports Northwest and Rogers Sportsnet. The Mariners broadcast team for 2010 featured Dave Niehaus and Rick Rizzs—back for their 32nd and 23rd seasons with the club, respectively—as well as veteran broadcaster Dave Sims and former infielder Mike Blowers. For the first three innings of each game, Niehaus worked the television broadcast with Blowers, and Rizzs and Sims handled radio duties; after the third inning, Niehaus and Sims traded places. Niehaus, who had broadcast for the Mariners since their inaugural season of 1977, died on November 10, 2010. For the 2011 season, Dave Niehaus' duties in the broadcast booth are being filled by a collection of temporary stand-ins such as Ron Fairley, Ken Levine and former Mariners' players such as Dave Valle, Dan Wilson Jay Buhner and Dave Henderson. Seattle radio personality Matt Pitman hosts the post-game show on the Mariners' radio network, along with clubhouse reporter Shannon Drayer. Spanish-language radio broadcast duties are handled by Alex Rivera on play-by-play and former second baseman Julio Cruz providing color commentary. Tom Hutyler has been the Mariners' public address announcer since 1987, first at the Kingdome, and presently at Safeco Field. During the period that KOMO 1000 AM was the Mariners' flagship radio station, Hutyler occasionally hosted the post-game radio show. Seattle Mariners  Team Seattle Mariners  League,  Seattle Mariners  2013-12-31T17:34:29Z  The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. Enfranchised in 1977, the Mariners are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Safeco Field has been the Mariners' home ballpark since July 1999. From their 1977 inception until June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome before moving to Safeco Field. Through the 2013 season, the franchise has finished with a losing record in 26 of 37 seasons. The ""Mariners"" name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle. They are nicknamed ""the M's"", a title featured in their primary logo from 1987–1992. The current team colors are Navy Blue, Northwest Green (also known as dark cyan), and Metallic Silver, after having been Royal Blue and Gold from 1977–1992. Their mascot is the Mariner Moose. The organization did not field a winning team until 1991, and any real success eluded them until 1995 when they won their first division championship and defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Division Series. The game-winning hit in Game 5, in which Edgar Martínez drove home Ken Griffey, Jr. to win the game in the 11th inning, clinched a series win for the Mariners, and has since become an iconic moment in team history. The Mariners won 116 games in 2001, which set the American League record for most wins in a single season and tied the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the Major League record for most wins in a single season. The Mariners are one of eight Major League Baseball teams without a World Series title, and one of two (along with the Washington Nationals) to never have appeared in a World Series. Owned by Nintendo of America, the Mariners are one of three Major League Baseball teams under corporate ownership; the other two are the Atlanta Braves and the Toronto Blue Jays. The Mariners were created as a result of a lawsuit. In 1970, in the aftermath of the Seattle Pilots' purchase and relocation to Milwaukee (as the Milwaukee Brewers) by future Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig, the City of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington (represented by then-State Attorney General and later U.S. Senator Slade Gorton) sued the American League for breach of contract. Confident that Major League Baseball would return to Seattle within a few years, King County built the multi-purpose Kingdome, which would become home to the NFL's expansion Seattle Seahawks in 1976. The Mariners played their first game on April 6, 1977, to a sold-out crowd of 57,762 at the Kingdome, losing 7–0 to the California Angels. The first home run in team history was hit on April 10, 1977, by designated hitter Juan Bernhardt. That year, star pitcher Diego Seguí, in his last major league season, became the only player to play for both the Pilots and the Mariners. The Mariners finished with a 64–98 record, echoing the record the 1969 Pilots once held. In 1979, Seattle hosted the 50th Major League Baseball All-Star Game. After the 1981 season, the Mariners were sold to California businessman and future U.S. Ambassador to Spain George Argyros. In 1993, the Mariners donned their current uniforms. During the 1992–93 offseason, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who had led the Cincinnati Reds to victory in the 1990 World Series. Mariner fans embraced Piniella, and he would helm the team from 1993 through 2002, winning two American League Manager of the Year Awards along the way. The 2001 Mariners club finished with a record of 116-46, leading all of Major League Baseball in winning percentage for the duration of the season and easily winning the American League West division championship. In doing so, the team broke the 1998 Yankees American League single-season record of 114 wins and matched the all-time MLB single-season record for wins set by the 1906 Chicago Cubs. At the end of the season, Ichiro Suzuki won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove Awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox's Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. On October 22, 2008 the Mariners announced the hiring of Jack Zduriencik, formerly scouting director of the Milwaukee Brewers, as their general manager. Weeks later, on November 18, the team named Oakland Athletics bench coach Don Wakamatsu as its new field manager. Wakamatsu and Zduriencik hired an entirely new coaching staff for 2009, which included former World Series MVP John Wetteland as bullpen coach. The off-season also saw a litany of roster moves, headlined by a 12-player, 3-team trade that included sending All-Star closer J. J. Putz to the New York Mets and brought 5 players—including prospect Mike Carp and outfielder Endy Chávez from New York and outfielder Franklin Gutierrez from the Cleveland Indians—to Seattle. Many of the moves, like the free agent signing of Mike Sweeney, were made in part with the hope of squelching the clubhouse infighting that plagued the Mariners in 2008. It also saw the return of Seattle favorite Ken Griffey, Jr. The 2009–10 offseason was highlighted by the trade for 2008 American League Cy Young Award winner Cliff Lee from the Philadelphia Phillies, the signing of third baseman Chone Figgins and the contract extension of star pitcher ""King"" Félix Hernández. On June 2, 2010 Ken Griffey, Jr. announced his retirement after 22 MLB seasons. On August 9, 2010 the Mariners fired field manager Don Wakamatsu along with bench coach Ty Van Burkleo, pitching coach Rick Adair and performance coach Steve Hecht. Daren Brown, the manager of the AAA affiliate Tacoma Rainiers, took over as interim field manager. Roger Hansen, the former Minor League catching coordinator, was promoted to bench coach. Carl Willis, the former Minor League pitching coordinator, was promoted to pitching coach. The Mariners hired former Cleveland Indians manager Eric Wedge as their new manager on October 19, 2010. On November 10, 2010, Dave Niehaus, the Mariners' play-by-play announcer since the team's founding, died of a heart attack at the age of 75. In memory of Niehaus, Seattle rapper Macklemore wrote a tribute song called ""My Oh My"" in December 2010. He performed the song at the 2011 Mariner's Opening Day on April 8. On July 27, 2011, the Mariners ended a franchise high 17-game losing streak with a win against the New York Yankees. On April 21, 2012, Philip Humber of the Chicago White Sox threw the third perfect game in the Chicago White Sox history against the Mariners at Safeco Field in Seattle, Washington. It was the 21st perfect game in MLB history. On June 8, 2012, the Mariners starting pitcher Kevin Millwood and five other pitchers combined to throw the tenth combined no-hitter in MLB history and the first in team history. The last combined one occurred in 2003, when six Houston Astros no-hit the New York Yankees in New York. The six pitchers used in a no-hitter is a major league record. On July 23, 2012, Ichiro Suzuki was traded to the New York Yankees for two minor leaguers and cash. Ironically the trade was announced before the start of a three-game home series against the Yankees, and throughout the series, Ichiro was given a standing ovation during starting lineup introductions, during his at-bats, and after each game. On August 15, 2012, Félix Hernández pitched the first perfect game in team history, shutting down the Tampa Bay Rays 1-0 at Safeco Field. It was the 23rd perfect game in MLB history. On September 27, 2013, the Mariners announced that Eric Wedge would not be returning as manager. On December 6, 2013, the Mariners agreed to a 10 year, $240 million deal with Robinson Cano. On December 11, 2013, the Seattle Mariners sign free agent Corey Hart to a 1-year, $5 million contract The team mainly plays spring training games in Peoria, Arizona at the Peoria Sports Complex. They share the complex and stadium with the San Diego Padres. On March 25, 2013, in a 16-0 victory over the Cincinnati Reds, the Mariners broke the team record for total home runs during a spring training season with 52. This is a partial list listing the past 15 completed regular seasons. For the full season records, see here. First team of 2008 to officially be eliminated from the 2008 playoffs. Worst record since 1983, which was the last time they had lost over 100 games in a season. First team in MLB history to lose 100 games with a $100 million payroll. Dave Niehaus won the Ford C. Frick Award, presented by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Ichiro and Franklin Gutiérrez won the 2010 Rawlings Gold Glove awards for AL Right Field and Center Field, respectively. Former Executive Pat Gillick was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee. Ichiro had his tenth consecutive season batting over .300 with 200 hits, winning a Rawlings Gold Glove Award, and appearing in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The following elected members of the Baseball Hall of Fame spent part of their careers with the Mariners. None is depicted on his plaque wearing a Mariners cap insignia. Gaylord Perry Pat Gillick† Goose Gossage Rickey Henderson Dick Williams Dave Niehaus Seattle Mariners former chairman and CEO John Ellis announced on June 14, 1997 the creation of a Mariners Hall of Fame. It is operated by the Seattle Mariners organization. It honors the players, staff and other individuals that greatly contributed to the history and success of the Mariners franchise. It is located at the Baseball Museum of the Pacific Northwest in Safeco Field. The current members of the Mariners Hall of Fame are: The Seattle Mariners have not retired any uniform numbers. Official team policy states that a number may only be retired for a player in the National Baseball Hall of Fame who played for at least five years with the Mariners, or a player who comes close to such election having spent ""substantially his entire career with the Mariners."" Despite not officially retiring any numbers, the team has not reissued the numbers 11 (Edgar Martínez), 14 (Lou Piniella), 19 (Jay Buhner) or 24 (Ken Griffey, Jr.) to any uniformed staff since the last player to have worn the number left the team. Number 56 (Greg Halman) has not been issued since his death following the 2011 season. Under current team policy, Martinez, who played his entire major-league career in Seattle and first appeared on the Hall of Fame ballot in 2010, is the only player who may be eligible to have his number retired. His best Hall of Fame voting figures came in 2012, when he received 36.5% of the vote (75% is required for induction). Whether this constitutes coming ""close"" to Hall of Fame election is unclear. Uniform number 00 is presumed off-limits, as it has been worn by the Mariner Moose since 1997 (outfielder Jeffrey Leonard was the last player to don 00 for the M's, in 1990). From 1990 to 1996, the Moose wore the last 2 digits of the year of the current season. Jackie Robinson's number 42 was retired throughout Major League Baseball on April 15, 1997. Number 51, worn by Randy Johnson, was withheld from players from 1998 until 2001, when it was issued to Ichiro Suzuki upon his request after wearing it for his entire career in Japan. It has presumably been taken out of circulation again, following Ichiro's 2012 trade to the Yankees. 24 was not issued from the time Ken Griffey, Jr. left the team after the 1999 season until it was re-issued to him when he returned in 2009 and has not been reissued since his retirement in 2010. Rally Fries are a baseball tradition started by Mariners broadcaster Mike Blowers in 2007. During a game against the Cincinnati Reds, a fan tried to catch a foul ball along the right-field line but in turn spilled his tray of french fries along the track. While chatting on the air and seeing the mishap, Blowers' partner, Dave Sims, suggested that he should send a new tray of fries to the fan. Blowers agreed, and sent his intern to deliver a plate of fries to the man. However, on the next game, fans made signs and boards, asking Blowers for free fries as well. Coincidentally, every time the fries were delivered, the Mariners seem to score or rally from a deficit, and thus the ""Rally Fries"" were created. This became so popular with the fans that signs were even seen when the Mariners were on the road, though on August 1, 2009, Blowers mentioned he doesn't award winners on the road. Generally, Blowers will select a person or a group of people that appeals to him, whether it is through fans wearing elaborate costumes or waving funny signs and boards. The fries are usually delivered from Ivar's, a Seattle-based seafood restaurant with a location at Safeco Field. The amount of fries given out varies with the size of the winning group of fans. The winners are generally selected around the 5th or 6th inning, although potential candidates are shown in almost every inning beforehand. As the 2011 season progressed, the Mariners marketing staff came up with an idea to encourage the growing fanbase of Cy Young-winning pitcher ""King"" Félix Hernández. Every Hernandez start at Safeco Field is now accompanied by a King's Court section—a place for his fans to sing, dance and cheer while donning custom-made shirts. The King's Court is both a personal rooting section for Hernandez and trend-setter for Safeco Field. The team encouraged fans to dress like Larry Bernandez, Hernandez's alter ego from a Mariners TV Commercial, or show up in wacky costumes, rewarding the best with a ceremonial turkey leg. Pitchers Starting rotation Bullpen Closer(s) Catchers Infielders Outfielders Designated hitters Pitchers Catchers Infielders Outfielders Manager Coaches 60-day injured list The Mariners' flagship radio station is KIRO-AM 710 (ESPN Radio), which previously broadcast Mariners contests from 1985–2002. Former flagship stations include KOMO 1000 AM (2003–2008), and KVI 570 AM (1977–1984). Television rights are held by Root Sports Northwest. In years past, Mariners games have also appeared in Seattle on over-the-air stations KING-TV, KIRO-TV, KTZZ-TV, and KSTW-TV. Selected Mariners games are also available on Canadian television, due to an agreement between Root Sports Northwest and Rogers Sportsnet. The Mariners' broadcast team for 2010 featured Dave Niehaus and Rick Rizzs—back for their 32nd and 23rd seasons with the club, respectively—as well as veteran broadcaster Dave Sims and former infielder Mike Blowers. For the first three innings of each game, Niehaus worked the television broadcast with Blowers, and Rizzs and Sims handled radio duties; after the third inning, Niehaus and Sims traded places. Niehaus, who had broadcast for the Mariners since their inaugural season of 1977, died on November 10, 2010. For the 2011 season, Dave Niehaus' duties in the broadcast booth are being filled by a collection of former Mariners broadcasters such as Ron Fairly, Ken Levine, and Ken Wilson; and former Mariners' players such as Dave Valle, Dan Wilson, Jay Buhner, and Dave Henderson. Seattle radio personality Matt Pitman hosts the post-game show on the Mariners' radio network, along with clubhouse reporter Shannon Drayer. Spanish-language radio broadcast duties are handled by Alex Rivera on play-by-play and former second baseman Julio Cruz providing color commentary. Tom Hutyler has been the Mariners' public address announcer since 1987, first at the Kingdome, and presently at Safeco Field. While KOMO 1000 AM was the Mariners' flagship radio station, Hutyler occasionally hosted the post-game radio show. Team Seattle Mariners  League",1
Ashok Gehlot,"Ashok Gehlot  2013-01-15T17:16:00Z  Ashok Gehlot is the 21st & 23rd Chief Minister of the state of Rajasthan, India. Ashok Gehlot, son of Lachman Singh Gehlot, was born on 3 May 1951 in a Rajput Mali caste family in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. A Science and Law graduate, Gehlot also holds a MA degree in Economics. He is married to Sunita Gehlot and has a son and a daughter. He is a Hindu and a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) party. Active in politics and social service ever since his student life, Gehlot was elected for the first time to the 7th Lok Sabha (1980–84) from Jodhpur Parliamentary Constituency in 1980. Gehlot has represented Jodhpur Parliamentary Constituency in the 8th Lok Sabha (1984–1989) 10th Lok Sabha (1991–1996), 11th Lok Sabha (1996–1998), and 12th Lok Sabha (1998–1999). Elected from Sardarpura (Jodhpur) Assembly Constituency, he became member of the 11th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in February 1999. Gehlot was again re-elected from the same Assembly Constituency on 4 December 2003 for the 12th Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha and on 8 December 2008 for the 13th Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha. Ashok Gehlot served in the Union Cabinet of former Indian Prime Ministers Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi P.V. Narsimha Rao. He has served in the Union Cabinet three times. He remained Union Deputy Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation from 2 September 1982 to 7 February 1984, when Mrs. Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India. Thereafter, he became the Dy. Minister of Sports. He served the Sports Ministry from 7 February 1984 to 31 October 1984 and again from 12 November 1984 to 31 December 1984. His He was elevated to the rank of State Minister. Gehlot served as the Union Minister of State, Tourism and Civil Aviation from 31 December 1984 to 26 September 1985. Later, he was made the Union Minister of State, Textiles with Independent Charge - a portfolio held by the Prime Minister himself. Gehlot held this portfolio from 21 June 1991 to 18 January 1993. Gehlot served for a short period of time, as the Home and PHED Minister, Government of Rajasthan from June 1989 to November 1989.ok Gehlot was made General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee on 17 July 2004. He held this post up to 18 February 2009. Being a devoted and dedicated worker of the Congress party, Gehlot was made Member (Special Invitee), Congress Working Committee as well as In charge of Himachal Pradesh and Chattisgarh States. He held this responsibility from January 2004 to July 2004. Ashok Gehlot became the President of Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee at the young age of 34. His first tenure as the RPCC Chief lasted from September 1985 to June 1989. He became RPCC Chief the Second time on 1 December 1994 and held this post until 14 April 1999. Gehlot strengthened the Youth wing of Congress party as the President of Rajasthan NSUI from 1973 to 1979. He served the City District Congress Committee, Jodhpur as its President from 1979 to 1982. He was also the General Secretary of Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (I) in 1982. Gehlot worked in the refugee camps at Bangaon and 24 Parganas districts (WB) during the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971. Inspired by his keen interest in Social service, Gehlot rendered his services for the development of slums and jhuggi areas and actively took part in camps organized by Tarun Shanti Sena at Sevagram, Wardha, Aurangabad, Indore and several places. He contributed to the extension of adult education through Nehru Yuva Kendra. He has been actively associated with Kumar Sahitya Parishad as well as Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Book Bank, Jodhpur. Gehlot is the founder president of Bharat Seva Sansthan . Dedicated to the social service, the Sansthan arranges for ambulance services and free books for the poor students through Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Book Bank. The Sansthan has established a reading room in Jodhpur at Rajiv Gandhi Seva Sadan. Gehlot is also the Chairman of Rajiv Gandhi Study Circle, New Delhi which caters to the interests of university and college students and teachers across the country. He had been member of the Public Accounts Committee (Lok Sabha) from 1980 to 1982. He was also Member of the Consultative Committee on Communication (10th Lok Sabha). He served as Member, Standing Committee on Railways (10th and 11th Lok Sabha) besides being member of the Consultative Committee on External Affairs (11th Lok Sabha). Ashok Gehlot's first tenure of Chief Ministership (1-12-1998 to 8-12-2003) was characterized by his supporters as successful for a system of ""unprecedented drought management, power generation, infrastructure development, employment generation, industrial and tourism promotion, financial management and good governance"". In the 2003, Rajasthan State Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) elections Gehlot's Congress Party lost the vote and Vasundhara Raje Scindia, the state President of the primary opposition party, the Bhartiya Janata Party, was sworn in as Chief Minister of the state. A popular slogan for Gehlot has been ""Save Water, Save Electricity, Educate All"" ""पानी बचाओ, बिजली बचाओ, सबको पढ़ाओ."" Ashok Gehlot was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan for his second non-consecutive term on 13 December 2008. Rajasthan chief minister Ashok Gehlot is in the eye of a storm over allegations of favouring companies that employed the services of his son, Vaibhav Gehlot. The Gehlot government allegedly awarded contracts worth several crores of rupees to Om Metals and Triton Hotels, which had hired Vaibhav Gehlot as their legal consultant. More charges of nepotism have been levied against Ashok Gehlot. It is said that he favoured the a real estate company Shouri Constructions, where his daughter Sonia Gehlot and her husband Gautam Ankhand are directors. Gautam Ankhand said, ""We are staying there not because we are shareholders or directors, but because of our relations."" Gehlot allegedly allocated the contract to renovate the famous heritage area of Jal Mahal - an area worth rupees 2000 crores. Shourie Constructions was earlier part of the real estate giant Kalpataru group. What has raised many eyebrows is that a lease of 99 years at the rate of just rupees 2.5 crores per annum had been granted to Kalpataru for renovating 432 acres of the Jal Mahal complex. Although Mr Gehlot denied this by saying """"The allegations are completely baseless and false. I am against nepotism, and I never extend any undue favour to my family members or others. Those who are close to me know this fact very well,"" According to a biographical article published by the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Secretariat, Gehlot has held the following positions: Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha): Others: Other positions held:,  Ashok Gehlot  2014-12-24T11:06:38Z  Ashok Gehlot (Hindi: अशोक गहलोत, born 3 May 1951) is an Indian politician from Rajasthan. He was the Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2008 to 2013. He hails from Jodhpur city of Rajasthan in India and is a member of the Indian National Congress. He represents Member of Legislative Assembly from the Sardarpura constituency of Jodhpur. Ashok Gehlot, son of Lachman Singh Gehlot, was born on 3 May 1951 in a Mandoreva Rajput family at Jodhpur, Rajasthan. A Science and Law graduate, he also holds a MA degree in Economics. He is married to Sunita Gehlot and has a son and a daughter. He is a Hindu and a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) party. Ashok Gehlot has held the following positions Mandoreva Rajput",1
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2014-01-04T03:14:38Z  Tianjin Teda Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club based in Tianjin and are owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area). They currently participates in the Chinese Super League while their home stadium is the 37,450 capacity seater TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. Their current head coach is Alexandre Guimarães, the assistant coaches include former team captain Wang Xiao (王霄), former midfielder Liu Xueyu (刘学宇) and former goalkeeper of the Chinese national team Fu Bin (符宾). The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won one Chinese FA Cup Championship and has participated in several AFC Champions League competitions. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. The clubs first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team who ended up finishing fourth in their debut season. With the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however short lived and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lu Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995 while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It would look like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. While Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the player wages, and it wasn't until the club's owner Liu Huiwen heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. All-Time League rankings no league games in 1959, 1966–72, and 1975; Tianjin didn't compete in 1992 Jia B but had kept their spot in the league FA Cup results CSL Cup results TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. As of 8 March 2013 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: http://www.fa.org.cn U-19 Team U-15 Team China Africa Asia Europe Central America South America Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons:  Champions League,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2015-12-30T08:10:57Z  Tianjin TEDA Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Tianjin and their home stadium is the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium that has a seating capacity of 54,696. Their owners are the Tianjin TEDA Group (The name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) a state-owned conglomerate of the People's Republic of China. The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup and came runners-up within the 2010 Chinese Super League season. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual off-season match between the two clubs. The clubs first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team. The team name was taken from the football team in the 1910 multi-sport event Chinese National Games that also represented the same regions. The team ended up finishing fourth in their debut season and with the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however short lived and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lü Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995 while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic – Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It would look like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. While Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the player wages, and it wasn't until the club's owner Liu Huiwen heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace their histories to the North China team before it split to form Tianjin and Beijing Football Club. Since then both clubs have predominantly remained within the top tier of Chinese football providing a constant rivalry fixture, which has led to intense matches that have spilled out away from the stadiums and onto the streets that have led to property destruction as well as further intensifying their relationship. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: http://www.fa.org.cn Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons: All-time honours list including semi-professional Tianjin Football Club period. U-19 Team U-15 Team As of 1 January 2015. Key",1
Kristoffer Polaha,"Kristoffer Polaha  2013-02-21T13:01:09Z  Kristoffer Caleb ""Kris"" Polaha (born February 18, 1977) is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Jason Matthews in Fox TV series North Shore, Nathaniel ""Baze"" Bazile on the CW series Life Unexpected and Henry Butler on the The CW series Ringer. Polaha starred on ABC's mid-season replacement series, Miss Guided, and appeared in the Fox Network television series Tru Calling. Until it was cancelled, he played Nate Bazile, a bar owner who discovers he has a teenage daughter, on the series Life Unexpected, during its two season run. BuddyTV ranked him #8 on its ""TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2010"" list and #34 in 2011. He played the role of Henry Butler on the CW series Ringer until the series cancellation in 2012. Polaha has been married to actress Julianne Morris since June 7, 2003. They have three sons, Kristoffer Caleb Polaha, Jr. (b. July 28, 2004), Micah (b. April 6, 2006) and Jude (b. January 2, 2011),  Kristoffer Polaha  2014-12-12T14:52:48Z  Kristoffer Jon Polaha is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Jason Matthews in Fox TV series North Shore, Nathaniel ""Baze"" Bazile on the CW series Life Unexpected and Henry Butler on the The CW series Ringer. Polaha starred on ABC's mid-season replacement series, Miss Guided, and appeared in the Fox Network television series Tru Calling. Until it was cancelled, he played Nate Bazile, a bar owner who discovers he has a teenage daughter, on the series Life Unexpected, during its two season run. He played the role of Henry Butler on the CW series Ringer until the series cancellation in 2012. Kris is starring as John Galt in Atlas Shrugged: Part III which was released September 12, 2014. Polaha has been married to actress Julianne Morris since June 7, 2003. They have three sons, Kristoffer Caleb Polaha, (b. July 28, 2004), Micah (b. April 6, 2006) and Jude (b. January 2, 2011)",1
Nethermere_(St_Neots)_Ltd_v_Gardiner,"Nethermere_(St_Neots)_Ltd_v_Gardiner  2009-03-08T04:17:36Z   Nethermere (St. Neots) Ltd. v. Gardiner And Another ICR 612 is a British labour law case in the Court of Appeal in the field of home work and vulnerable workers. Many labour and employment rights, such as unfair dismissal, in Britain depend on one's status as an ""employee"" rather than being ""self employed"", or some other ""worker"". This case stands for the proposition that where ""mutuality of obligation"" between employers and casual or temporary workers exists to offer work and accept it, the court will find that the applicant has a ""contract of employment"" and is therefore an employee. This case is also notable in that it was one of former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair's last cases as a young barrister. He acted for the employers. He appeared in the Employment Appeal Tribunal on behalf of the employer but his arguments to deny the ladies unfair dismissal rights were emphatically rejected in the judgment. The employers also lost in the Court of Appeal. The applicants (Mrs Taverna and Mrs Gardiner) sewed trouser flaps part time in the factory of Nethermere Ltd. At different times they became pregnant and had an arrangement to work from home. Each worked 5 to 7 hours a day, and for all but 8 or 12 weeks a year. They still used sewing machines provided by Nethermere Ltd. Their hours varied according to the employer's needs, they were paid according to the quantity of trouser flaps they made and they were not formally obliged to accept work. There was a dispute about an entitlement to holiday pay, and when the employer refused to give them the entitlement, they claimed they had been unfairly and constructively dismissed. So the preliminary question on appeal was whether the ladies were ""employees"" under a ""contract of employment"" and therefore entitled to unfair dismissal rights under s. 153 of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 (now s. 94 Employment Rights Act 1996). The Industrial tribunal held that there was a contract of employment, applying the test of whether the ladies could be said to be in business ""on their own account"". The Employment Appeal Tribunal dismissed the employer's appeal on this point, finding in favour of the ladies. The employer appealed again. In the Court of Appeal Stephenson LJ in the majority found, first, that whether a contract created a contract of service (and therefore a contract of employment) rather than a contract for services was one of fact, not of law. This has been followed in Carmichael in 1999 by the House of Lords. Stephenson LJ discussed what ""mutuality of obligation"" meant. For the obligation required of an employer we were referred to old cases where the courts had held that justices had jurisdiction to convict and punish workmen for breaches of contracts to serve masters under the statute 4 Geo. 4, c. 34. For that purpose the court had to decide that there was mutuality of obligation, an obligation on the master to provide work as well as wages, complementing an obligation on the servant to perform the work: Reg. v. Welch (1853) 2 E. & B. 357; Bailey Case (1854) 3 E. & B. 607 and Whittle v. Frankland (1862) 2 B. & S. 49. But later cases have shown that the normal rule is that a contract of employment does not oblige the master to provide the servant with work in addition to wages: Collier v. Sunday Referee Publishing Co. Ltd. 2 K. B. 647, 650, per Asquith J. An obligation to provide work was not implied by this court in a salesman's contract: Turner v. Sawdon & Co. 2 K. B. 653; it was in a pieceworker's contract: Devonald v. Rosser & Sons 2 K. B. 728. The obligation required of an employee was concisely stated by Stable J. in a sentence in Chadwick v. Pioneer Private Telephone Co. Ltd. 1 All E. R. 522, 523D: “A contract of service implies an obligation to serve, and it comprises some degree of control by the master. ” That was expanded by Mackenna J. in Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd. v. Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 2 Q. B. 497, 515: “A contract of service exists if these three conditions are fulfilled. (i) The servant agrees that, in consideration of a wage or other remuneration, he will provide his own work and skill in the performance of some service for his master. (ii) He agrees, expressly or impliedly, that in the performance of that service he will be subject to the other's control in a sufficient degree to make that other master. (iii) The other provisions of the contract are consistent with its being a contract of service. ”Of (iii) MacKenna J. proceeded to give some valuable examples, none on all fours with this case. I do not quote what he says of (i) and (ii) except as to mutual obligations: “There must be a wage or other remuneration. Otherwise there will be no consideration, and without consideration no contract of any kind. The servant must be obliged to provide his own work and skill. ” There must, in my judgment, be an irreducible minimum of obligation on each side to create a contract of service. I doubt if it can be reduced any lower than in the sentences I have just quoted and I have doubted whether even that minimum can be discerned to be present in the facts as found by the industrial tribunal, particularly in paragraph 8 of its decision, and what the appeal tribunal said about it and counsel's interpretation of it. It followed that the ladies were under a contract of employment. However this point was probably reversed in Carmichael v. National Power plc, by Lord Irvine of Lairg. The case below in the Employment Appeals tribunal ( ICR 319) before appeal to the Court of Appeal is of interest, because the former UK Prime Minister was representing the employer. A key plank of the New Labour election pledge in 1997 was to sustain labour market flexibility, which fits in with the approach of his submissions here. In essence, he was arguing that because the interpretation of a contract is one of law, and because it can only be a contract ""of employment"" if there is a continuing mutual obligation on each party to offer wages or work, the home workers were not employees and not therefore within the protection of unfair dismissal rights. The judge, Tudor Evans J. rejected this approach, and rejected ""mutuality of obligation"" as a criterion. However in the Court of Appeal, ""mutuality of obligation"" was accepted as a precondition to a contract, but interpreted in a different way. For the later history, Carmichael v. National Power plc AC 1226, Tony Blair's old pupil master, now the Lord Chancellor Derry Irvine reconfigured ""mutuality of obligation"" to mean a expressed continuing duty to provide work. Mr. Blair makes four submissions. First, that the question whether the applicants worked under a contract of service or for services is a question of law and not of fact. He relies upon the judgment of Stephenson L. J. in Young & Woods Ltd. v. West I. R. L. R. 201. Secondly, Mr. Blair submits that the industrial tribunal found as a fact that the employers were not obliged to supply the applicants with work and that the employees were not obliged to do it. Assuming that the tribunal have so found, Mr. Blair contends that where there is a lack of such mutual obligations, as a matter of law there cannot be a contract of service: mutual obligations are said to be a vital pre-requisite of such a contract. Thirdly, Mr. Blair criticises the conclusion expressed in paragraph 11 of the decision, submitting that the industrial tribunal have failed to relate their conclusion that the employers were not in business on their own account, to the facts: the tribunal have simply stated the conclusion but have not indicated what aspects of the facts led them to the conclusion. Fourthly, Mr. Blair contends that the industrial tribunal misunderstood the ratio of the decision in Airfix Footwear Ltd. v. Cope I. C. R. 1210. Analysis of the judgment shows that the case did not decide that work performed consistently over a long period of time with an absence of mutual obligations could constitute a contract of service: a true analysis of the case shows that where the same quantity of work is accepted and performed over a long period, the proper inference is that there may be a mutual obligation to provide and perform it. On behalf of the applicants, Mr. Jones accepts that the question whether there is a contract of service or a contract for services is a matter of law to be inferred from given facts. He submits that upon this approach, the true and only inference which can be drawn in the present case is that the applicants were employed under a contract of service. He contends that whilst a mutual obligation to provide and perform work is a factor by which to test whether there was a contract of service and that it is difficult to envisage such a contract without some such obligation, it would be wrong to take this as the decisive factor. He submits that the employers' contention that once it is found that there is no mutual obligation there cannot be a contract of service even though there may be factors pointing strongly to the opposite conclusion is contrary to authority and wrong. We shall first consider Mr. Blair's submission that the status of the contract is a matter of law and not of fact. If it be a question of fact our powers on appeal are restricted. The employers would only be able to succeed if it were shown either that there was no evidence to support the findings of fact or if the decision was perverse in that no reasonable tribunal, properly directing itself in law could have reached the decision. The question arose in Young & Woods Ltd. v. West I. R. L. R. 201. The facts in that case are not material. Stephenson L. J. at p. 205, referred to the opinion of Megaw L. J. in Ferguson v. John Dawson & Partners (Contractors) Ltd. 1 W. L. R. 1213, that the conclusion was one of law and to the opinion of Browne L. J. in the same case that it was not. He continued, at p. 205: ""but I must respectfully express my dissent from what Browne L. J. said at the very conclusion of his judgment that the conclusion to be drawn from the facts as to the true legal relationship between the parties after the right tests have been applied is a question of fact. If by that he meant that it was a question on which this court cannot interfere, I prefer the view of Megaw L. J. that it is a question of law, in these cases of service or services as in the case of lease or licence, whether the true inference from the facts, the true construction or interpretation of a written agreement or of an agreement partly oral or partly written or of a wholly oral agreement is a matter of law on which there is a right and a wrong view, and if an industrial tribunal comes to what in the view of this court is a wrong view of the true nature of the agreement, it can and should find an error in law on the part of the industrial tribunal and reverse its decision. It cannot say that two views are possible of the true construction of this particular agreement on the facts which the industrial tribunal has found, and we cannot say that no reasonable tribunal could have come to the interpretation which the industrial tribunal has put upon the facts. It must make up its mind what the true interpretation of the facts and the true legal relationship created between the parties is. "" Ackner L. J. and Sir David Cairns did not express an opinion on the point. But a similar view to that of Stephenson L. J. was stated by MacKenna J. in Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd. v. Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 2 Q. B. 497, 512, 513. The contrary conclusion appears to have been expressed in Airfix Footwear Ltd. v. Cope I. C. R. 1210, but Ferguson's case and the Ready Mixed Concrete case were not cited to the court. Young & Woods Ltd. v. West was, of course, decided subsequently. It seems to us upon the authorities to which we have been referred and in the absence of an argument to the contrary that we should follow the opinion of Stephenson L. J. in West's case that the conclusion is one of law and not of fact. We have to determine what was the true nature of the arrangement between the parties and this seems to us to be a conclusion of law. It is now convenient to consider whether the industrial tribunal in fact found that the employers had no obligation to provide work or the applicants to perform it, which is the basis of Mr. Blair's second and main contention. Mr. Jones submitted that it is not wholly clear what the tribunal found. He referred to the last sentence in paragraph 8 of the decision: ""they could take time off as they liked and we accept that evidence. "" It is said that, looking at the whole of paragraph 8, the tribunal was accepting only that the applicants could take time off as they liked. It is true that grammatically the finding appears to relate to the freedom to take time off but we think that the clear intention of the tribunal was to accept all the matters of evidence reviewed in paragraph 8. If we are wrong in that conclusion, the difficulty is resolved by the opening words of paragraph 11: ""Those are the facts on which we have to determine whether or not these ladies are employees. "" In saying this the industrial tribunal were referring to all the preceding paragraphs in which they summarised the evidence: if there were a conflict of evidence in relation to the matters referred to in paragraph 8, the tribunal would not have resolved the conflict but as far as we can see the contents of paragraph 8 were not a matter of dispute and therefore, bearing in mind the opening words of paragraph 11, in our judgment the tribunal was accepting as fact the whole of paragraph 8. At the end of the argument, we asked counsel for further submission as to whether, in paragraph 8, the tribunal clearly refer to the lack of mutual obligation or whether the findings were that there was no obligation as to the number of hours the applicants should work or how many garments they should complete with the implication that the applicants were obliged to do some work. Both counsel agreed that there was a reference to a lack of mutual obligations in the sense for which Mr. Blair contends. The words in paragraph 8 are: ""He did not consider that he was under any obligation to home workers or they to him. "" We conclude that there was evidence and a finding of lack of mutual obligation, although our task would have been easier had the tribunal, after reviewing the evidence, clearly set out the findings of fact which they were making. It is convenient also at this stage to consider Mr. Blair's submission that the tribunal failed, when deciding the question which they asked themselves (whether the applicants were in business on their own account), to state what factors led them to that conclusion. We entirely agree with Mr. Blair that it would have been much more helpful if this had been done but it is, we think, reasonably clear what facts were found. Since the conclusion is one of law upon which we have to exercise our own independent judgment on the given facts, we think that the failure of the tribunal to indicate what factors led them to their conclusion is irrelevant. Although we are taking the point somewhat out of order, we shall now consider the submission that the industrial tribunal misunderstood the ratio in Airfix Footwear Ltd. v. Cope I. C. R. 1210. We should say at once that whether or not the tribunal misunderstood or misinterpreted the decision is of no effect in this case. It is clear to us that the decision of the tribunal was not based on the Airfix Footwear case. The decision was based on the answer to the question whether the applicants were in business on their own account. The industrial tribunal considered that there was a similarity of fact in the Airfix case and the present case in that in both cases the relationship had endured for a substantial time. It is true that the tribunal interpreted the decision in the Airfix case as justifying the conclusion that a contract of service may arise on such facts but, even if they were wrong in that view, we have to exercise our own judgment on the facts as found. It was argued for the employers in the Airfix case that they were not obliged to provide work for the applicant nor was she obliged to perform it and that, in such circumstances, no reasonable tribunal acting judicially could find that there was a contract of service. The appeal tribunal acknowledged that the absence of mutual obligations, where work is offered and performed sporadically, might lead to the conclusion that there was a series of contracts of service or a contract for services but that the answer would depend on the facts of each individual case. The court then reviewed the evidence as found by the tribunal, including the fact that the work had been done for seven years and for five days a week and concluded that, on the material before it, the tribunal was well entitled to come to the conclusion that there was, by reason of the duration of the relationship, a continuing contract of employment. We do not read the judgment as establishing the proposition that before a contract of service can exist there must be the mutual obligations for which Mr. Blair contends. This leads us to the central submission made on behalf of the employers. In submitting to us that mutual obligations are a crucial pre-requisite of a contract of service, Mr. Blair contends that the reason for such a pre-condition is that a contract of service is a continuing relationship between employer and employee. If the performance of work only arises from time to time it is inconsistent with the continuing obligations which are implicit in the master and servant relationship. Mr. Blair accepted that there is some doubt as to the extent of an employer's obligation, whether it is to provide work or to pay wages, but he contends that the employer must do one or the other and his obligation is continuous. On the other hand, employees have the duty to be ready and willing to work and this duty is inimical to the finding in paragraph 8 of the industrial tribunal's reasons that the employers were not obliged to provide nor the applicants to perform work. Mr. Blair lays considerable emphasis upon the observations of Kilner Brown J. delivering the judgment in Mailway (Southern) Ltd. v. Willsher I. C. R. 511, 513-514: ""We have had occasion recently to examine the meaning of 'employment' as contemplated by the Employment Protection Act 1975 in Bullock v. Merseyside County Council I. C. R. 419. Our decision was that employment involved as one factor a necessity for direction and control to be exercised by the employer. As a general rule the employee has to be at the disposition of the employer. In ordinary layman's language the question is: who has the last word in determining whether and how the employee is required to work? Here the workers, in our judgment, were not required to work in accordance with a contract of employment on any particular day. They were invited to work. They were told that work was available if they presented themselves and the last word was with those offering their services. They did not have to come if they did not want to. "" We do not accept that the Mailway case is authority for the proposition as framed by Mr. Blair, that once it is found that there is no obligation on either side it is impossible to conclude that there was a contract of service. Young & Woods Ltd. v. West I. R. L. R. 201 shows to our satisfaction that all the indicia have to be considered, leaving perhaps as fundamental the test whether the applicant was in business on his or her own account. We say that this is perhaps the fundamental test because, although Megaw L. J. adopted it in Ferguson's case, he described it as very helpful and Stephenson and Ackner L. JJ. in West's case found it of assistance. Apart from such a test, there are no conclusive indicia and certainly no pre-conditions. As we understand the position, at one time it was considered that the question of control (whether the employer could dictate where, when and how the work should be done) was thought to be conclusive but such a test is now considered to be only one among many factors. What then is the approach which we should adopt in this case when deciding what inference should be drawn from the facts as found? We consider that we should adopt the test whether the applicants were in business on their own account and that, in doing so, we should consider what pointers there may be which indicate one direction rather than the other. That was the approach of Stephenson L. J. in West's case I. R. L. R. 201, 208. It is at this stage that there is a divergence of view between the members of this appeal tribunal. The majority opinion (the lay members) is that this was a contract of service and that the appeal must be dismissed. They are impressed by these factors (not expressed in any descending order of importance) when asking themselves the question whether the applicants were in business on their own account: (i) that the employers provided the applicants with a machine with which to do the work. (ii) The method of payment. The applicants were paid at the same rate as those who worked in the factory. They kept time sheets sent by the employers and these determined their remuneration. One of the lay members considers that, although not specifically found as a fact, the evidence points to the factory employees being paid on piece work as were the applicants in this case. Both lay members would wish to emphasise that the applicants had no freedom to negotiate the rate of remuneration and there was evidence before the tribunal from Mrs. Taverna that a drop in rate was imposed unilaterally by Mr. Weisfeld. (iii) Although the applicants were free to choose their hours of work, once they had accepted the work from the van driver they had to perform it. If they had not done the work they would have been ""sacked. "" (iv) The applicants were unable to change the nature of the work. Mr. Weisfeld decided what work they should do, whether putting on pockets or sewing on flaps. It is considered that if the applicants were self-employed, the nature of the work would have been negotiable, as would also the price for it. (v) One applicant, Mrs. Gardiner, said in evidence that she was asked to go down to the factory to be shown what to do. She was told that if the machine went wrong to ring the factory and a mechanic would come out. (vi) Looking at the economic realities of the relationship the applicants were not free to refuse work. (vii) This was a settled relationship which lasted for a considerable time. The lay members wish to emphasise that the arrangement required that although the applicants could decide how much work to do, nevertheless it was agreed that they had to do sufficient to make it worthwhile for the van driver to call. (viii) That the work performed by the applicants was similar to that done in the factory. (ix) That the applicants were not running any economic risk, and that they had no opportunity to profit from sound management. (x) The economic reality of the applicants' situation was consistent with a contract of service. Thus, the lay members, having looked at all these facts and addressed their minds, as did the industrial tribunal, to the Court of Appeal judgment in Young & Woods Ltd. v. West have answered ""No"" to the question: ""Were the applicants in business on their own account?"" The lay members have also posed themselved the question which Bristow J. called the ultimate one in Withers v. Flackwell Heath Football Supporters Club I. R. L. R. 307, 308: ""Is he on his own business rather than the business of the party for whom the work is being done?"" To this the lay members reply: ""The applicants were upon the business of the party for whom the work was being done. "" Therefore they find it impossible to reverse the industrial tribunal's decision and they reject the appeal. In the minority opinion this was not a contract of service. A prime fact is that neither the employers nor the applicants were respectively under and obligation to provide or to perform work. Each was free and in particular the applicants could at all times elect whether or not to work. Thus, Mrs. Taverna exercised her right by taking lengthy periods when she did no work at all as did Mrs. Gardiner to a lesser extent. This is a clear indication that the applicants were not bound to serve and equally that the employers were unable to order the applicants to do the work. The importance of this state of fact was recognised in Mailway (Southern) Ltd. v. Willsher I. C. R. 511 and in Airfix Footwear Ltd. v. Cope I. C. R. 1210. The applicants were not obliged to present themselves at fixed hours at the factory, ready to do such work as the employers might order them to do. There was no undertaking to do a specific number of hours' work. There was, briefly stated, no obligation upon the applicants to provide themselves to serve. They were free to do the work as and when they liked, they could take time off and they were not obliged to complete the work in any specified period. The industrial tribunal (see paragraphs 6 and 11 of the decision) found that if Mrs. Gardiner wanted less work she would say so. Moreover (see paragraphs 10 and 11 of the tribunal's findings) Mr. Weisfeld told the applicants that he was not deducting tax or national insurance. On the finding, this was a part of the arrangement. It is quite true that the applicants took no financial risk and that they had no responsibility for investment and management, but they were engaged in semi-skilled and simple work and such considerations seem to be inappropriate in the circumstances. The absence of such factors ought not to be decisive. A contrary view might lead to the conclusion that all semi-skilled workers working at home in their own time and when they chose are employed under a contract of service. The following comments are made concerning some of the factors which have influenced the majority opinion: (i) There is no finding (and no evidence) that the factory workers were employed on piece work. The evidence and finding was that Mrs. Taverna was paid according to the number of garments she completed, that she kept time sheets and was paid weekly at the same rate as in the factory. What precisely was the method of payment in the factory was not disclosed by the evidence. (ii) Although Mrs. Taverna said at one stage in her evidence that the rate was dropped when she was working on pockets, the tribunal made no finding on this part of the evidence. Mr. Weisfeld was not asked about it. Mrs. Taverna is not recorded as saying that it had been imposed upon her. Later she appears to contradict her earlier evidence: she is recorded as saying ""rate always the same. "" (iii) The finding is not that once the applicants had accepted the work they had to perform it. The finding was that they were free to decide whether to work and, if they chose to do so, they were free to decide for how many hours they would work, provided that it was made worthwhile for the van driver to call. This is merely an agreement that the applicants would make it commercially worthwhile for the employers to send the van to their houses. It does not indicate that the applicants were bound to do the work. If it be the fact that once they had accepted the work, the applicants had to perform it, that is equally compatible with a contract for services in the sense that a failure to perform the work would constitute a breach of contract. To suggest that such a failure would cause the applicants to be ""sacked"" (that is to be dismissed from the employers' service) is to beg the question. It might equally be said that the arrangement would be terminated and that the employers would dispense with the applicants' services. In fact, the applicants did not work sometimes for lengthy periods but the relationship was not terminated. (iv) It is true that Mrs. Gardiner stated in evidence that she was asked to go down to the factory to be shown what to do and that if the machine which was provided for her went wrong, she should telephone the factory and the mechanic would come out. But Mr. Weisfeld was not asked about this evidence and there is no finding of fact in relation to it. (v) It is difficult to comment on Withers v. Flackwell Heath Football Supporters Club I. R. L. R. 307, since it was not cited in argument and we have not had the advantage of submissions from either counsel with respect to it. (vi) There is no evidence that the applicants had to perform the work, although economic circumstances may have made it desirable for them to do it. In the result, although there are factors which can validly be taken into account (for example, the provision of equipment), the inference which should be drawn is that this was not a contract of service. The applicants were in business on their own account. However, for the reasons given this appeal must fail. ,  Nethermere_(St_Neots)_Ltd_v_Gardiner  2009-10-18T11:11:20Z   Nethermere (St Neots) Ltd v Gardiner And Another ICR 612 is a British labour law case in the Court of Appeal in the field of home work and vulnerable workers. Many labour and employment rights, such as unfair dismissal, in Britain depend on one's status as an ""employee"" rather than being ""self employed"", or some other ""worker"". This case stands for the proposition that where ""mutuality of obligation"" between employers and casual or temporary workers exists to offer work and accept it, the court will find that the applicant has a ""contract of employment"" and is therefore an employee. This case is also notable in that it was one of former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair's last cases as a young barrister. He acted for the employers. He appeared in the Employment Appeal Tribunal on behalf of the employer but his arguments to deny the ladies unfair dismissal rights were emphatically rejected in the judgment. The employers also lost in the Court of Appeal. The applicants (Mrs Taverna and Mrs Gardiner) sewed trouser flaps part time in the factory of Nethermere Ltd. At different times they became pregnant and had an arrangement to work from home. Each worked 5 to 7 hours a day, and for all but 8 or 12 weeks a year. They still used sewing machines provided by Nethermere Ltd. Their hours varied according to the employer's needs, they were paid according to the quantity of trouser flaps they made and they were not formally obliged to accept work. There was a dispute about an entitlement to holiday pay, and when the employer refused to give them the entitlement, they claimed they had been unfairly and constructively dismissed. So the preliminary question on appeal was whether the ladies were ""employees"" under a ""contract of employment"" and therefore entitled to unfair dismissal rights under s 153 of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 (now s 94 Employment Rights Act 1996). The Industrial tribunal held that there was a contract of employment, applying the test of whether the ladies could be said to be in business ""on their own account"". The Employment Appeal Tribunal dismissed the employer's appeal on this point, finding in favour of the ladies. The employer appealed again. In the Court of Appeal Stephenson LJ in the majority found, first, that whether a contract created a contract of service (and therefore a contract of employment) rather than a contract for services was one of fact, not of law. This has been followed in Carmichael in 1999 by the House of Lords. Stephenson LJ discussed what ""mutuality of obligation"" meant. Does the law require any and what mutual obligations before there can be a contract of service? If the law as to contracts of service is that there must be mutual obligations which were not found by the industrial tribunal or cannot be inferred from the evidence, then the industrial tribunal misdirected itself in law and its determination can and should be set aside. That was Mr. Tabachnik's main contention for the company before this court. I at first thought that Mr. Tabachnik's task had been made easier by a concession, but that concession has been withdrawn, and I have come to the conclusion that his interesting and forceful argument must fail and that no misdirection on the point can fairly be attributed to the industrial tribunal. For the obligation required of an employer we were referred to old cases where the courts had held that justices had jurisdiction to convict and punish workmen for breaches of contracts to serve masters under the statute 4 Geo. 4, c. 34. For that purpose the court had to decide that there was mutuality of obligation, an obligation on the master to provide work as well as wages, complementing an obligation on the servant to perform the work: R v Welch (1853) 2 E&B 357; Bailey Case (1854) 3 E. & B. 607 and Whittle v Frankland (1862) 2 B&S 49. But later cases have shown that the normal rule is that a contract of employment does not oblige the master to provide the servant with work in addition to wages: Collier v Sunday Referee Publishing Co Ltd 2 KB 647, 650, per Asquith J. An obligation to provide work was not implied by this court in a salesman's contract: Turner v Sawdon & Co 2 KB 653; it was in a pieceworker's contract: Devonald v Rosser & Sons 2 KB 728. The obligation required of an employee was concisely stated by Stable J. in a sentence in Chadwick v Pioneer Private Telephone Co Ltd 1 All ER 522, 523D: “A contract of service implies an obligation to serve, and it comprises some degree of control by the master. ” That was expanded by Mackenna J in Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 2 QB 497, 515: “A contract of service exists if these three conditions are fulfilled. (i) The servant agrees that, in consideration of a wage or other remuneration, he will provide his own work and skill in the performance of some service for his master. (ii) He agrees, expressly or impliedly, that in the performance of that service he will be subject to the other's control in a sufficient degree to make that other master. (iii) The other provisions of the contract are consistent with its being a contract of service. ”Of (iii) MacKenna J. proceeded to give some valuable examples, none on all fours with this case. I do not quote what he says of (i) and (ii) except as to mutual obligations: “There must be a wage or other remuneration. Otherwise there will be no consideration, and without consideration no contract of any kind. The servant must be obliged to provide his own work and skill. ” There must, in my judgment, be an irreducible minimum of obligation on each side to create a contract of service. I doubt if it can be reduced any lower than in the sentences I have just quoted and I have doubted whether even that minimum can be discerned to be present in the facts as found by the industrial tribunal, particularly in paragraph 8 of its decision, and what the appeal tribunal said about it and counsel's interpretation of it. It followed that the ladies were under a contract of employment (however compare the definition of ""mutuality"" given in Carmichael v National Power plc, by Lord Irvine of Lairg). The case below in the Employment Appeals tribunal ( ICR 319) before appeal to the Court of Appeal is of interest, because the former UK Prime Minister was representing the employer. A key plank of the New Labour election pledge in 1997 was to sustain labour market flexibility, which fits in with the approach of his submissions here. In essence, he was arguing that because the interpretation of a contract is one of law, and because it can only be a contract ""of employment"" if there is a continuing mutual obligation on each party to offer wages or work, the home workers were not employees and not therefore within the protection of unfair dismissal rights. The judge, Tudor Evans J rejected this approach, and rejected ""mutuality of obligation"" as a criterion. However in the Court of Appeal, ""mutuality of obligation"" was accepted as a precondition to a contract, but interpreted in a different way. For the later history, Carmichael v National Power plc AC 1226, Tony Blair's old pupil master, now the Lord Chancellor Derry Irvine reconfigured ""mutuality of obligation"" to mean a expressed continuing duty to provide work. Mr Blair makes four submissions. First, that the question whether the applicants worked under a contract of service or for services is a question of law and not of fact. He relies upon the judgment of Stephenson LJ in Young & Woods Ltd v West IRLR 201. Secondly, Mr Blair submits that the industrial tribunal found as a fact that the employers were not obliged to supply the applicants with work and that the employees were not obliged to do it. Assuming that the tribunal have so found, Mr. Blair contends that where there is a lack of such mutual obligations, as a matter of law there cannot be a contract of service: mutual obligations are said to be a vital pre-requisite of such a contract. Thirdly, Mr. Blair criticises the conclusion expressed in paragraph 11 of the decision, submitting that the industrial tribunal have failed to relate their conclusion that the employers were not in business on their own account, to the facts: the tribunal have simply stated the conclusion but have not indicated what aspects of the facts led them to the conclusion. Fourthly, Mr. Blair contends that the industrial tribunal misunderstood the ratio of the decision in Airfix Footwear Ltd v Cope ICR 1210. Analysis of the judgment shows that the case did not decide that work performed consistently over a long period of time with an absence of mutual obligations could constitute a contract of service: a true analysis of the case shows that where the same quantity of work is accepted and performed over a long period, the proper inference is that there may be a mutual obligation to provide and perform it. On behalf of the applicants, Mr. Jones accepts that the question whether there is a contract of service or a contract for services is a matter of law to be inferred from given facts. He submits that upon this approach, the true and only inference which can be drawn in the present case is that the applicants were employed under a contract of service. He contends that whilst a mutual obligation to provide and perform work is a factor by which to test whether there was a contract of service and that it is difficult to envisage such a contract without some such obligation, it would be wrong to take this as the decisive factor. He submits that the employers' contention that once it is found that there is no mutual obligation there cannot be a contract of service even though there may be factors pointing strongly to the opposite conclusion is contrary to authority and wrong. We shall first consider Mr. Blair's submission that the status of the contract is a matter of law and not of fact. If it be a question of fact our powers on appeal are restricted. The employers would only be able to succeed if it were shown either that there was no evidence to support the findings of fact or if the decision was perverse in that no reasonable tribunal, properly directing itself in law could have reached the decision. The question arose in Young & Woods Ltd v West IRLR 201. The facts in that case are not material. Stephenson LJ at p. 205, referred to the opinion of Megaw LJ in Ferguson v John Dawson & Partners (Contractors) Ltd 1 WLR 1213, that the conclusion was one of law and to the opinion of Browne LJ in the same case that it was not. He continued, at p. 205: ""but I must respectfully express my dissent from what Browne LJ said at the very conclusion of his judgment that the conclusion to be drawn from the facts as to the true legal relationship between the parties after the right tests have been applied is a question of fact. If by that he meant that it was a question on which this court cannot interfere, I prefer the view of Megaw L. J. that it is a question of law, in these cases of service or services as in the case of lease or licence, whether the true inference from the facts, the true construction or interpretation of a written agreement or of an agreement partly oral or partly written or of a wholly oral agreement is a matter of law on which there is a right and a wrong view, and if an industrial tribunal comes to what in the view of this court is a wrong view of the true nature of the agreement, it can and should find an error in law on the part of the industrial tribunal and reverse its decision. It cannot say that two views are possible of the true construction of this particular agreement on the facts which the industrial tribunal has found, and we cannot say that no reasonable tribunal could have come to the interpretation which the industrial tribunal has put upon the facts. It must make up its mind what the true interpretation of the facts and the true legal relationship created between the parties is. "" Ackner LJ and Sir David Cairns did not express an opinion on the point. But a similar view to that of Stephenson LJ was stated by MacKenna J in Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 2 QB 497, 512, 513. The contrary conclusion appears to have been expressed in Airfix Footwear Ltd v Cope ICR 1210, but Ferguson's case and the Ready Mixed Concrete case were not cited to the court. Young & Woods Ltd v West was, of course, decided subsequently. It seems to us upon the authorities to which we have been referred and in the absence of an argument to the contrary that we should follow the opinion of Stephenson L. J. in West's case that the conclusion is one of law and not of fact. We have to determine what was the true nature of the arrangement between the parties and this seems to us to be a conclusion of law. It is now convenient to consider whether the industrial tribunal in fact found that the employers had no obligation to provide work or the applicants to perform it, which is the basis of Mr. Blair's second and main contention. Mr. Jones submitted that it is not wholly clear what the tribunal found. He referred to the last sentence in paragraph 8 of the decision: ""they could take time off as they liked and we accept that evidence. "" It is said that, looking at the whole of paragraph 8, the tribunal was accepting only that the applicants could take time off as they liked. It is true that grammatically the finding appears to relate to the freedom to take time off but we think that the clear intention of the tribunal was to accept all the matters of evidence reviewed in paragraph 8. If we are wrong in that conclusion, the difficulty is resolved by the opening words of paragraph 11: ""Those are the facts on which we have to determine whether or not these ladies are employees. "" In saying this the industrial tribunal were referring to all the preceding paragraphs in which they summarised the evidence: if there were a conflict of evidence in relation to the matters referred to in paragraph 8, the tribunal would not have resolved the conflict but as far as we can see the contents of paragraph 8 were not a matter of dispute and therefore, bearing in mind the opening words of paragraph 11, in our judgment the tribunal was accepting as fact the whole of paragraph 8. At the end of the argument, we asked counsel for further submission as to whether, in paragraph 8, the tribunal clearly refer to the lack of mutual obligation or whether the findings were that there was no obligation as to the number of hours the applicants should work or how many garments they should complete with the implication that the applicants were obliged to do some work. Both counsel agreed that there was a reference to a lack of mutual obligations in the sense for which Mr. Blair contends. The words in paragraph 8 are: ""He did not consider that he was under any obligation to home workers or they to him. "" We conclude that there was evidence and a finding of lack of mutual obligation, although our task would have been easier had the tribunal, after reviewing the evidence, clearly set out the findings of fact which they were making. It is convenient also at this stage to consider Mr. Blair's submission that the tribunal failed, when deciding the question which they asked themselves (whether the applicants were in business on their own account), to state what factors led them to that conclusion. We entirely agree with Mr. Blair that it would have been much more helpful if this had been done but it is, we think, reasonably clear what facts were found. Since the conclusion is one of law upon which we have to exercise our own independent judgment on the given facts, we think that the failure of the tribunal to indicate what factors led them to their conclusion is irrelevant. Although we are taking the point somewhat out of order, we shall now consider the submission that the industrial tribunal misunderstood the ratio in Airfix Footwear Ltd v Cope ICR 1210. We should say at once that whether or not the tribunal misunderstood or misinterpreted the decision is of no effect in this case. It is clear to us that the decision of the tribunal was not based on the Airfix Footwear case. The decision was based on the answer to the question whether the applicants were in business on their own account. The industrial tribunal considered that there was a similarity of fact in the Airfix case and the present case in that in both cases the relationship had endured for a substantial time. It is true that the tribunal interpreted the decision in the Airfix case as justifying the conclusion that a contract of service may arise on such facts but, even if they were wrong in that view, we have to exercise our own judgment on the facts as found. It was argued for the employers in the Airfix case that they were not obliged to provide work for the applicant nor was she obliged to perform it and that, in such circumstances, no reasonable tribunal acting judicially could find that there was a contract of service. The appeal tribunal acknowledged that the absence of mutual obligations, where work is offered and performed sporadically, might lead to the conclusion that there was a series of contracts of service or a contract for services but that the answer would depend on the facts of each individual case. The court then reviewed the evidence as found by the tribunal, including the fact that the work had been done for seven years and for five days a week and concluded that, on the material before it, the tribunal was well entitled to come to the conclusion that there was, by reason of the duration of the relationship, a continuing contract of employment. We do not read the judgment as establishing the proposition that before a contract of service can exist there must be the mutual obligations for which Mr. Blair contends. This leads us to the central submission made on behalf of the employers. In submitting to us that mutual obligations are a crucial pre-requisite of a contract of service, Mr Blair contends that the reason for such a pre-condition is that a contract of service is a continuing relationship between employer and employee. If the performance of work only arises from time to time it is inconsistent with the continuing obligations which are implicit in the master and servant relationship. Mr. Blair accepted that there is some doubt as to the extent of an employer's obligation, whether it is to provide work or to pay wages, but he contends that the employer must do one or the other and his obligation is continuous. On the other hand, employees have the duty to be ready and willing to work and this duty is inimical to the finding in paragraph 8 of the industrial tribunal's reasons that the employers were not obliged to provide nor the applicants to perform work. Mr Blair lays considerable emphasis upon the observations of Kilner Brown J delivering the judgment in Mailway (Southern) Ltd v Willsher ICR 511, 513-514: ""We have had occasion recently to examine the meaning of 'employment' as contemplated by the Employment Protection Act 1975 in Bullock v Merseyside County Council ICR 419. Our decision was that employment involved as one factor a necessity for direction and control to be exercised by the employer. As a general rule the employee has to be at the disposition of the employer. In ordinary layman's language the question is: who has the last word in determining whether and how the employee is required to work? Here the workers, in our judgment, were not required to work in accordance with a contract of employment on any particular day. They were invited to work. They were told that work was available if they presented themselves and the last word was with those offering their services. They did not have to come if they did not want to. "" We do not accept that the Mailway case is authority for the proposition as framed by Mr. Blair, that once it is found that there is no obligation on either side it is impossible to conclude that there was a contract of service. Young & Woods Ltd v West IRLR 201 shows to our satisfaction that all the indicia have to be considered, leaving perhaps as fundamental the test whether the applicant was in business on his or her own account. We say that this is perhaps the fundamental test because, although Megaw LJ adopted it in Ferguson's case, he described it as very helpful and Stephenson and Ackner LJJ in West's case found it of assistance. Apart from such a test, there are no conclusive indicia and certainly no pre-conditions. As we understand the position, at one time it was considered that the question of control (whether the employer could dictate where, when and how the work should be done) was thought to be conclusive but such a test is now considered to be only one among many factors. What then is the approach which we should adopt in this case when deciding what inference should be drawn from the facts as found? We consider that we should adopt the test whether the applicants were in business on their own account and that, in doing so, we should consider what pointers there may be which indicate one direction rather than the other. That was the approach of Stephenson LJ in West's case IRLR 201, 208. It is at this stage that there is a divergence of view between the members of this appeal tribunal. The majority opinion (the lay members) is that this was a contract of service and that the appeal must be dismissed. They are impressed by these factors (not expressed in any descending order of importance) when asking themselves the question whether the applicants were in business on their own account: Thus, the lay members, having looked at all these facts and addressed their minds, as did the industrial tribunal, to the Court of Appeal judgment in Young & Woods Ltd v West have answered ""No"" to the question: ""Were the applicants in business on their own account?"" The lay members have also posed themselved the question which Bristow J. called the ultimate one in Withers v. Flackwell Heath Football Supporters Club IRLR 307, 308: ""Is he on his own business rather than the business of the party for whom the work is being done?"" To this the lay members reply: ""The applicants were upon the business of the party for whom the work was being done. "" Therefore they find it impossible to reverse the industrial tribunal's decision and they reject the appeal. In the minority opinion this was not a contract of service. A prime fact is that neither the employers nor the applicants were respectively under and obligation to provide or to perform work. Each was free and in particular the applicants could at all times elect whether or not to work. Thus, Mrs. Taverna exercised her right by taking lengthy periods when she did no work at all as did Mrs. Gardiner to a lesser extent. This is a clear indication that the applicants were not bound to serve and equally that the employers were unable to order the applicants to do the work. The importance of this state of fact was recognised in Mailway (Southern) Ltd v Willsher ICR 511 and in Airfix Footwear Ltd v Cope ICR 1210. The applicants were not obliged to present themselves at fixed hours at the factory, ready to do such work as the employers might order them to do. There was no undertaking to do a specific number of hours' work. There was, briefly stated, no obligation upon the applicants to provide themselves to serve. They were free to do the work as and when they liked, they could take time off and they were not obliged to complete the work in any specified period. The industrial tribunal (see paragraphs 6 and 11 of the decision) found that if Mrs. Gardiner wanted less work she would say so. Moreover (see paragraphs 10 and 11 of the tribunal's findings) Mr. Weisfeld told the applicants that he was not deducting tax or national insurance. On the finding, this was a part of the arrangement. It is quite true that the applicants took no financial risk and that they had no responsibility for investment and management, but they were engaged in semi-skilled and simple work and such considerations seem to be inappropriate in the circumstances. The absence of such factors ought not to be decisive. A contrary view might lead to the conclusion that all semi-skilled workers working at home in their own time and when they chose are employed under a contract of service. The following comments are made concerning some of the factors which have influenced the majority opinion: In the result, although there are factors which can validly be taken into account (for example, the provision of equipment), the inference which should be drawn is that this was not a contract of service. The applicants were in business on their own account. However, for the reasons given this appeal must fail.",0
Nancy Lenehan,"Nancy Lenehan  2008-01-05T09:18:51Z  Nancy Lenehan is an American actress who currently has a recurring role on NBC sitcom My Name Is Earl as Earl and Randy's mother. She also co-starred in the short-lived ABC sitcom Married to the Kellys and has guest starred in a number of notable television series. ,  Nancy Lenehan  2009-12-30T02:25:05Z  Nancy Lenehan (born April 26, 1953) is an American actress who has appeared in film and television since the 1980s. Her most recent starring role was on the short-lived sitcom Worst Week. She also had a recurring role on My Name Is Earl as Earl and Randy's mother, Kay Hickey. She has appeared in featured, recurring and guest roles in many television shows and television movies, and feature films, including Malcolm in the Middle, Everybody Loves Raymond, Judging Amy, Gilmore Girls, Caroline in the City, Dharma & Greg, Buffy The Vampire Slayer, 3rd Rock from the Sun, ER, Boy Meets World, The Nanny, Quantum Leap, Roseanne, V, The Facts of Life, Hill Street Blues and Alice.",1
Maggie_Simpson_(musician),"Maggie_Simpson_(musician)  2018-01-12T11:54:16Z   Maggie Simpson is a singer-songwriter, acoustic guitarist and actress from the Mountain West of the United States. She studied in Boston University's Professional Theater Training Program. Her musical style varies from straightforward acoustic folk music to indie folk to bluegrass and blues and roots. She has released two major studio albums to date, OK Cafe (1999) and Angel of Thunder (2004), as well as contributing individual tracks to a number of compilation CDs and offering backup support to a number of similar artists. ""The strength of her play is that, without cliché or histrionics, she brings to life extremely dark experiences with wit, humour and wisdom. A singer-songwriter with a voice that recalls both Joni Mitchell and Joan Baez, Simpson impresses as an actress too. "" - The Scotsman Simpson has backed-up many performers, including Doc Watson, Richard Shindell, Tom Rush, Martin Sexton, Chris Smither, Patty Larkin, Bela Fleck, Dan Fogelberg, Bill Morrissey, J. J. Cale, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna, and Warren Zevon. She also facilitates performance workshops, and is a frequent performance instructor at the Planet Bluegrass' Annual Folks Festival Song School. This article on a singer-songwriter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Maggie_Simpson_(musician)  2021-03-25T00:59:22Z   Maggie Simpson is an American singer-songwriter, acoustic guitarist and actress, from the Mountain West of the United States. She studied in Boston University's Professional Theater Training Program. Her musical style varies from straightforward acoustic folk music to indie folk to bluegrass and blues and roots. She has released two studio albums to date, OK Cafe (1999) and Angel of Thunder (2004), as well as contributing individual tracks to a number of compilation CDs and offering backup support to a number of similar artists. ""The strength of her play is that, without cliché or histrionics, she brings to life extremely dark experiences with wit, humour and wisdom. A singer-songwriter with a voice that recalls both Joni Mitchell and Joan Baez, Simpson impresses as an actress too. "" - The Scotsman Simpson has backed-up many performers, including Doc Watson, Richard Shindell, Tom Rush, Martin Sexton, Chris Smither, Patty Larkin, Bela Fleck, Dan Fogelberg, Bill Morrissey, J. J. Cale, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna, and Warren Zevon. She also facilitates performance workshops, and is a frequent performance instructor at the Planet Bluegrass' Annual Folks Festival Song School. This article on a singer-songwriter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Halwill_Junction_railway_station,"Halwill_Junction_railway_station  2008-04-06T14:59:41Z   Halwill Junction Railway Station was a railway station near the villages of Halwill and Beaworthy in Devon. It opened in 1879 and formed an important junction between the now-closed Bude Branch and North Cornwall line. It closed in 1966 along with the lines which it served, a casualty of the Beeching Report. The station was opened in January 1879 by London and South Western Railway (LSWR) the following the extension of its line from Meldon Junction on the Okehampton to Plymouth line to Holsworthy on the new Bude Branch. Five years later, it became a junction station with the construction by the North Cornwall Railway of a line south to Launceston which gave the latter company a direct through route over LSWR metals to London Waterloo. The opening of the route south led to the renaming of the station - to Halwill Junction - in March 1887. By the close of the century both lines had been extended - the Bude Branch reaching Bude by 10 August 1898 and the North Cornwall Line to Padstow by 23 March 1899. A third route stretching out to the north towards Torrington was opened on 27 July 1925 by the North Devon and Cornwall Junction Light Railway. This was served by a separate uncovered platform outside the main station building, situated to the north. The station now became officially known as Halwill, although its running-in board provided a fuller description of the routes available, proudly announcing Halwill for Beaworthy, junction for the Bude, North Cornwall & Torrington Lines. Always a slightly odd station in the sense that it served no particular large urban connurbation and acted largely as a useful interchange between three different lines, Halwill was at its busiest in the period up to the Second World War when eight sidings were laid to deal with the military traffic in the lead-up to D-Day. It also relied, as did the lines which it served, to a large extent on summer holiday traffic and when this began to dry-up in the late 1950s and early 1960s with the increased use of the motorcar, it became unprofitable and a candidate for closure in the Beeching Report. First proposed for closure in April 1964, Halwill saw its connecting lines close one by one over the next few years - the line north to Torrington closed to passengers on 1 March 1965 and those to Bude and Padstow on 3 October 1966, heralding the end for the formerly important railway junction. The line north did, however, remain open between Torrington and Barnstaple for freight until 1982. The area around the former Halwill station site has undergone residential development and is named ""Halwill Junction"" after its former station. A housing estate stands near the site of the station, on a road somewhat ironically named ""Beeching Close"" after the British Transport Commission Chairman, Richard Beeching, who recommended the station's closure. In 1990 the Devon Wildlife Trust purchased from British Rail and a private landowner a section of trackbed around Halwill to create a nature reserve covering an area of 2¾ hectares divided into five compartments. In 1998 Devon County Council began works to enable a cycleway to cross the site; this was realised in April 2005 when a 2½ mile (4 kilometres) cycleway, forming part of the National Cycle Network, was opened which runs from the village centre via Beeching Close through the nature reserve and the woods on an elevated boardbank to the Forest Centre at Cookworthy where the South West Forest and the Ruby Country Initiative are based. The section was opened as part of a plan by the County Council to extend the Tarka Trail to Hatherleigh, from where the Ruby Way will continue to Halwill Junction and then on to Holsworthy and Bude. There are plans to further increase the cycle network by reopening the section east towards Meldon Junction. In 2005 Devon County Council agreed in principle to the creation of a bridleway on an intact disused section of the Bude Branch from Thorndon Cross (near the former Meldon Junction) and Halwill, a distance of approximately 7 miles (13 kilometres). The proposal has made slow progress in the face of objections from local residents and the prohibitive prices demanded for the sale of their land by trackbed owners. In 2007 the Council again reiterated its intention to convert the disused railway to public amenity, reaffirming its intention to create cycleways on the sections from Bude to Halwill and Torrington to Halwill. Occasionally, railway memorabilia connected with the station surfaces. 50°46′46″N 4°12′32″W / 50. 77944°N 4. 20889°W / 50. 77944; -4. 20889 This article about a railway station in South West England is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Halwill_Junction_railway_station  2009-11-15T06:22:54Z   Halwill Junction Railway Station was a railway station near the villages of Halwill and Beaworthy in Devon. It opened in 1879 and formed an important junction between the now-closed Bude Branch and North Cornwall line. It closed in 1966 along with the lines which it served, a casualty of the Beeching Report. The station was opened in January 1879 by London and South Western Railway (LSWR) the following the extension of its line from Meldon Junction on the Okehampton to Plymouth line to Holsworthy on the new Bude Branch. Five years later, it became a junction station with the construction by the North Cornwall Railway of a line south to Launceston which gave the latter company a direct through route over LSWR metals to London Waterloo. The opening of the route south led to the renaming of the station - to Halwill Junction - in March 1887. By the close of the century both lines had been extended - the Bude Branch reaching Bude by 10 August 1898 and the North Cornwall Line to Padstow by 23 March 1899. A third route stretching out to the north towards Torrington was opened on 27 July 1925 by the North Devon and Cornwall Junction Light Railway. This was served by a separate uncovered platform outside the main station building, situated to the north. The station now became officially known as Halwill, although its running-in board provided a fuller description of the routes available, proudly announcing Halwill for Beaworthy, junction for the Bude, North Cornwall & Torrington Lines. Always a slightly odd station in the sense that it served no particular large urban connurbation and acted largely as a useful interchange between three different lines, Halwill was at its busiest in the period up to the Second World War when eight sidings were laid to deal with the military traffic in the lead-up to D-Day. It also relied, as did the lines which it served, to a large extent on summer holiday traffic and when this began to dry-up in the late 1950s and early 1960s with the increased use of the motorcar, it became unprofitable and a candidate for closure in the Beeching Report. First proposed for closure in April 1964, Halwill saw its connecting lines close one by one over the next few years - the line north to Torrington closed to passengers on 1 March 1965 and those to Bude and Padstow on 3 October 1966, heralding the end for the formerly important railway junction. The line north did, however, remain open between Torrington and Barnstaple for freight until 1982. The area around the former Halwill station site has undergone residential development and is named ""Halwill Junction"" after its former station. A housing estate stands near the site of the station, on a road somewhat ironically named ""Beeching Close"" after the British Transport Commission Chairman, Richard Beeching, who recommended the station's closure. In 1990 the Devon Wildlife Trust purchased from British Rail and a private landowner a section of trackbed around Halwill to create a nature reserve covering an area of 2¾ hectares divided into five compartments. In 1998 Devon County Council began works to enable a cycleway to cross the site; this was realised in April 2005 when a 2½ mile (4 kilometres) cycleway, forming part of the National Cycle Network, was opened which runs from the village centre via Beeching Close through the nature reserve and the woods on an elevated boardbank to the Forest Centre at Cookworthy where the South West Forest and the Ruby Country Initiative are based. The section was opened as part of a plan by the County Council to extend the Tarka Trail to Hatherleigh, from where the Ruby Way will continue to Halwill Junction and then on to Holsworthy and Bude. There are plans to further increase the cycle network by reopening the section east towards Meldon Junction. In 2005 Devon County Council agreed in principle to the creation of a bridleway on an intact disused section of the Bude Branch from Thorndon Cross (near the former Meldon Junction) and Halwill, a distance of approximately 7 miles (13 kilometres). The proposal has made slow progress in the face of objections from local residents and the prohibitive prices demanded for the sale of their land by trackbed owners. In 2007 the Council again reiterated its intention to convert the disused railway to public amenity, reaffirming its intention to create cycleways on the sections from Bude to Halwill and Torrington to Halwill. Occasionally, railway memorabilia connected with the station surfaces. 50°46′46″N 4°12′32″W / 50. 77944°N 4. 20889°W / 50. 77944; -4. 20889",0
Tim_Tetrick,"Tim_Tetrick  2009-03-04T21:59:55Z   Tim Tetrick (born 1982 in Flora, Illinois) is an American Harness Racing driver, and grew up in Geff. Tim started driving at a very young age and on November 27, 2007 broke the record of number of wins (1,077) for a single year which was set in 1998 by Walter Case, Jr. As of November 27, 2007, Tim has paraded his 1,078th winner on way to recording his 1,080th win of the year. This biographical article related to American sports is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Tim_Tetrick  2010-02-27T00:13:20Z   Tim Tetrick (born 1982 in Flora, Illinois) is an American Harness Racing driver, and grew up in Geff. Tim started driving Standardbreds at a very young age and on November 27, 2007 broke the record of number of wins (1,077) for a single year which was set in 1998 by Walter Case, Jr. Tim drove his 1,078th winner at Dover Downs in Delaware on the way to recording 1,1189th wins that year. Tim was named Driver of the Year for 2007 and 2008 by the US Harness Writers Association. He underwent hip replacement surgery in early December, 2008 for a congenital hip problem, but was back competing by late January 2008. He is expected to have the other hip replaced in late 2009. Tim's colors are green and gold, as are those of his father, Tom, his brothers Trace and Tom, who is known as just ""T. "" He is also recognizable on the track by the bright yellow wheels on the sulky he drives. This biographical article related to American sports is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Miss New Mexico USA,"Miss New Mexico USA  2018-01-29T01:23:48Z  The Miss New Mexico USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New Mexico in the Miss USA pageant. New Mexico has had moderate success at Miss USA, with many placements in the 1960s to the '80s and one Miss USA, Mai Shanley in 1984. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant,  Miss New Mexico USA  2019-10-26T21:52:42Z  The Miss New Mexico USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New Mexico in the Miss USA pageant. It is directed by Laura's Productions based in El Paso, Texas. New Mexico has had moderate success at Miss USA, with many placements in the 1960s to the '80s and one Miss USA, Mai Shanley in 1984. The most recent placement was Alejandra Gonzalez in 2019, placing 1st runner-up, the state's highest placement since 1985. Alejandra Gonzalez of Las Cruces was crowned Miss New Mexico USA 2019 on January 27, 2019 at Oñate Performing Arts Center in Las Cruces. She represented New Mexico for the title of Miss USA 2019 on May 2, 2019 Reno, Nevada where she placed 1st runner-up. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant",1
National_School_of_Blacksmithing,"National_School_of_Blacksmithing  2011-09-13T15:51:16Z   The National School of Blacksmithing is part of Herefordshire College of Technology, a college of further education (FE). It is located at the Centre for Rural Crafts in Holme Lacy, approximately 6 miles (10 km) from the city of Hereford, Herefordshire, England. The school was founded in 1946. It moved to its present purpose built facility which it shares with Hereford School of Farriery in 2001, having previously been situated at HCT's Folly Lane, Hereford campus. (Hereford School of Farriery previously occupied a site on Newtown Road, Hereford). The school trains blacksmiths from the UK and many other nations. The move to the Centre for Rural Crafts in 2001 meant considerable expansion as the facility contains 61 hearths (including the School of Farriery and a demonstration forge), organised into 5 'bays' with 12 hearths and anvils per bay. In addition, each of the 3 blacksmithing bays has its own powerhammer and flypress. ,  National_School_of_Blacksmithing  2012-02-13T11:51:36Z   The National School of Blacksmithing (NSB) is part of Herefordshire College of Technology, a college of further education (FE). It is located at the Centre for Rural Crafts in Holme Lacy, approximately 6 miles (10 km) from the city of Hereford, Herefordshire, England. The school was founded in 1946 to make up for manpower shortages created by the Second World War on Britain's artisans. It moved to its present purpose-built facility (which it shares with Hereford School of Farriery) in 2001, having previously been situated at HCT's Folly Lane, Hereford campus. (Hereford School of Farriery previously occupied a site on Burcott Road, Hereford). The new Centre for Rural Crafts was opened by HRH The Princess Royal. The school trains blacksmiths from the UK, Commonwealth, the USA, Europe and many other nations. The move to the Centre for Rural Crafts in 2001 meant considerable expansion as the facility contains 61 hearths (including the School of Farriery and a demonstration forge), organised into 5 'bays' with 12 hearths and anvils per bay. In addition, each of the 3 blacksmithing bays has its own powerhammer, flypress and other associated equipment and impedimenta. The school also has its own welding and fabrication section where MIG, TIG, and MMA disciplines are taught as well brazing, braze-welding, soldering, sheet-metalwork and technical drawing. The NSB runs full time training courses from one to three years duration, as well as block release courses for apprentices and other craftsmen/craftswomen in industry. The school also runs night classes for those unable to take up full time training. In addition, seminars (such as for WCB judges and the National Heritage Ironwork Group) also take place there. The school jointly runs a B. A. degree in Artist Blacksmithing with Hereford College of Arts.",0
Richard Yap,"Richard Yap  2015-01-03T03:01:50Z  Richard Edison Yap also known as Richard Yap (born May 18, 1967) is a Chinese Filipino actor and businessman, best known for his role as ""Papa Chen"" in My Binondo Girl and in the television drama Be Careful With My Heart as Richard ""Sir Chief"" Lim. Yap was born and raised in Cebu City Philippines. He graduated from Sacred Heart School and De La Salle University. Coming from a family who loves to cook, Richard aspired to be full-blooded chef in his younger years. In 2011, Yap launched his career via My Binondo Girl where he played Kim Chiu's father, Chen Sy. Little did he know that through this role he would gain wide recognition from fans of the series. In 2012, Yap made several appearances in the network. He played a recurring character in Walang Hanggan as Henry de Dios. He was playing the lead role as Sir Chief in Be Careful With My Heart along with Jodi Sta. Maria as Maya dela-rosa Lim . ,  Richard Yap  2016-12-30T10:13:21Z  Richard Edison Uy Yap (born May 18, 1967) is a Filipino actor, model and businessman, best known for his role as ""Papa Chen"" in My Binondo Girl and in the television drama Be Careful With My Heart as Richard ""Sir Chief"" Lim. In 2011, Yap launched his career in ABS-CBN via My Binondo Girl where he played Kim Chiu's father, Chen Sy. In 2012, Yap made several appearances in the network. He played a recurring character in Walang Hanggan as Henry de Dios. But it was his role as Richard ""Sir Chief"" Lim, where he co-starred alongside Jodi Santamaria in the daytime drama Be Careful With My Heart that catapulted him to fame spreading to other countries and made him a household name. The show ran from 2012 to 2014 due to its large following and loyal fanbase. Be Careful With My Heart would go on to have worldwide tours, concerts, an album, and has been aired in numerous other continents. After his stint with Be Careful With My Heart, Yap starred in Nasaan Ka Nang Kailangan Kita, where his character was paired with Vina Morales, and Ang Probinsyano, portraying as an antagonistic character by the name of Philip, and had a special participation in My Super D. and Till I Met You. In 2016, he and Sta. Maria reunited onscreen and topbilled the romantic film The Achy Breaky Hearts which was a box office success. Because of this, there is a strong clamor for them to also reunite on television. On his singing career, Yap along with fellow chinito crooner Richard Poon collaborated in an album and a major concert. He topbilled the last installment of Regal Films' Filipino-Chinese drama Mano Po 7: Chinoy. He is also set to do a teleserye next year. Yap was born and raised in Cebu City. He graduated from Sacred Heart School and De La Salle University. Coming from a family who loves to cook, Richard aspired a to be chef in his younger years. As he said in one of his interviews, he is a full-blooded Chinese that was born and raised in the Philippines.",1
Taiwan independence movement,"Taiwan independence movement  2020-01-08T15:02:15Z  Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Taiwan independence movement is a political and social movement that aims to establish an independent sovereign state on the archipelagic territory of ""Taiwan"", based on a unique ""Taiwanese national identity"". Currently, Taiwan's political status is highly ambiguous and heavily disputed. All of the island territories (aside from the Japan-controlled Senkaku/Diaoyutai islands) that are generally considered to collectively constitute a single ""Taiwan region"" are under the control of the Republic of China (ROC), a polity that conducts official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by fifteen United Nations-recognized countries. Taiwanese independence is opposed by pro-Chinese unification political parties in Taiwan as well as by the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), a state that administers the territory of mainland China, which is officially claimed as part of the territory of the ROC (in addition to the territory of Taiwan, which is actually administered by the ROC). These groups oppose Taiwanese independence since they believe that Taiwan and mainland China comprise two portions of a single country's territory, that country being ""China"" (whether the ""ROC"" or the ""PRC""). The PRC's government has formulated a so-called ""One-China principle"", whereby foreign countries may only conduct official diplomatic relations with the PRC on the condition that they surrender all official diplomatic relations with and formal recognition of the ROC. Due to the PRC's economic clout, it has successfully pressured many countries into withdrawing official recognition of the ROC. All countries that officially recognize the PRC effectively acknowledge and/or recognize the ""One-China policy"". The United Nations, a prominent intergovernmental organization, seemingly acknowledges the One-China policy. The United Nations formally designates the territory of Taiwan as ""Taiwan, Province of China"", as of 2019. At the conclusion of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan was ceded by the Chinese Qing Empire to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the conclusion of World War II and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, Taiwan was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) on behalf of the WWII Allies. The ROC, then the generally recognized government of both China and Taiwan, declared Taiwan to have been ""restored"" to China; this is argued to have been an illegal act. In 1949–1950, the Communist Party of China (CPC) drove the ROC government out of China and into Taiwan (plus some minor Chinese islands), during the events of the Chinese Civil War. At the time, no treaty had yet been signed to officially transfer Taiwan to China. The ROC selected Taipei as the provisional capital (of China) and declared ""martial law"" in 1949. The supposedly democratic institutions of the ROC were ""temporarily"" suspended. With democracy suspended in ROC-controlled Taiwan, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) of the ROC, in reality, developed Taiwan into a dictatorship. The period of martial law that existed in Taiwan from 1949 until 1987 resulted in the unlawful convictions and occasional executions of thousands of Taiwanese and Chinese democracy activists and other dissidents. This period has become colloquially known as the ""White Terror"". In 1987, the Kuomintang released its hold on power and ended martial law in Taiwan. This was due not only to pressure from democracy/independence activists within Taiwan but also pressure from the United States due to its citizen Henry Liu having been assassinated by criminal triad members hired by the Republic of China military intelligence. From hereafter, independence-oriented parties were now able to gain control of Taiwan. Democratic activism within Taiwan gave birth to a range of independence-oriented political parties. Most notable out of these is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which has been democratically elected into power three times. The governing body of Taiwan still continues to identify as the ""Republic of China"", but many institutions have been occupied and occasionally changed by the DPP, which has led to a theory that ""the ROC is Taiwan"". It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved de facto independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005. The PRC and the Kuomintang continue to argue that ""the Chinese Civil War hasn't yet ended"". These two political camps have developed a ""1992 Consensus"" in order to cement Taiwan's status as a province of ""China"". In retaliation, the DPP has been trying to develop a ""Taiwan Consensus"". The polity that exercises real control over Taiwan is a collection of political parties that variously refer to their country as either ""Taiwan (Republic of China)"" or ""China (Republic of China)"". There is no real consensus within the country over the fundamental status of the country itself, with the country being divided between two main factions known as the ""Pan-Blue Coalition"" and the ""Pan-Green Coalition"". The Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT), believes that their country (including Taiwan) is China and does not acknowledge the legitimacy of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which they view to be an occupation of the rest of China by rebel forces; they refer to Taiwan, the place where they actually live, as ""Taiwan, free area of the Republic of China"". On the other hand, the Pan-Green Coalition, currently led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), believes that their country is limited to the geographical definition of Taiwan (including Taiwan's satellite islands and the Penghu Islands), as well as perhaps some minor outlying islands, and does not actively claim sovereignty over China. Furthermore, the territorial dispute over Taiwan is connected to various other territorial disputes in East Asia, especially the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands dispute and the various South China Sea Islands disputes. For the former, this is because both the PRC and the Pan-Blue Coalition believe that the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands are part of the geographical definition of Taiwan, although they are currently under the control of Japan and have been under Japanese rule since the late 19th century; hence, the Chinese claim to the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands is simply an extension of the Chinese claim to Taiwan. Meanwhile, regarding the latter, Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few islands of the South China Sea, and the Pan-Blue Coalition further claims sovereignty over all of the other islands of the South China Sea. Finally, another crucial detail of the territorial dispute over Taiwan is the fact that Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few other non-Taiwanese islands assigned to China; the islands of Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu, which are under Taiwan/ROC control, are geographically defined as being parts of Fujian Province, China (within Taiwan/ROC, they are governed as parts of the Pan-Blue Coalition's own definition of Fujian Province, China). Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (KMT). The former coalition aims to eventually achieve full sovereign independence for Taiwan. Whereas, the latter coalition aims to improve relations with the Beijing regime (PRC) — which it refers to as ""mainland China"" — and eventually ""reunify"" at some point. Both parties have long been forced to precariously dance around the so-called ""status quo"" of Taiwan's political status. The DPP is unable to immediately declare independence due to pressure from the PRC and the KMT, whereas the KMT and PRC are unable to immediately achieve Chinese unification due to pressure from the DPP and its unofficial allies (including political factions within the United States (US), Japan, and the European Union (EU)). The 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki and 1951 Treaty of San Francisco are oft-cited as the main bases for Taiwan independence in international law, if such things as ""self-determination"" and the Montevideo Convention (on the Rights and Duties of States) are to be disregarded. These two treaties are not recognized by the Beijing regime and the Pan-Blue Coalition of Taiwan. Whereas the PRC usually dismisses self-determination and the Montevideo Convention as conspiracies against Chinese sovereignty, the two aforementioned treaties have strong legal bases in international law and have been recognized by numerous countries across the globe. Notably, the Treaty of San Francisco forms the primary basis of modern Japan's independence (from the WWII Allies), and largely dictates Japan's modern geopolitics. The premise of citing these two treaties is that: a) Japan gained sovereignty over Taiwan in 1895, b) Japan lost sovereignty over Taiwan in 1951-1952, and c) Japan never indicated the ""successor state"" on Taiwan thereafter. Therefore, according to certain activists, this means that Taiwan is only controlled by the Republic of China on behalf of the WWII Allies, and does not constitute a part of the ROC's sovereign territory. The Beijing regime disregards these two treaties, claiming that: a) the Treaty of Shimonoseki has been nullified and b) the Treaty of San Francisco was illegal. Furthermore, the Potsdam Declaration and Cairo Communique are oft-cited as indisputable bases for Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan. The PRC is also adamant on emphasizing the fact that the United Nations (UN) refers to Taiwan as ""Taiwan, Province of China"". However, this point is dubious given that it has a huge amount of influence over the UN as one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. The Beijing regime also claims that the majority of countries recognize Taiwan as a province of China, though this is only a half-truth. People's Republic of China authorities also accuse the US, Japan, and the EU of interfering in ""Chinese internal affairs"", claiming that the United States is responsible for separating Taiwan from China, and is responsible for manufacturing ""artificial"" pro-independence sentiments within Taiwan. Most governments, including the U.S. government, claim to adhere to a so-called ""One-China Policy"", which is based on the Chinese ""One China Principle"". Most ""developed"" and ""Western"" countries consider Taiwan to be a self-governing state in reality, but claim that they consider this political reality to be illegal/illegitimate. However, since recognizing the existence of a ""de facto independent Taiwan/ROC"" provides some form of grounds for officially recognising Taiwan independence, China (PRC) usually rejects the main premise of the Montevideo Convention, which is that ""there are certain realities that determine statehood"" (irrespective of international recognition). Within the Pan-Green Coalition of Taiwan, there are two main factions. The faction that is currently in power aims to attain official international recognition for the reality of ""two Chinas"", where the PRC and the ROC can coexist; later, the ROC can gradually ""transform"" itself into a Taiwanese state whilst avoiding a major conflict with the PRC. Whereas, the other faction aims to directly achieve Taiwan independence through a more abrupt and complete overthrowal of ROC institutions within Taiwan, which the faction views to be illegitimate. The use of ""independence"" for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Taiwanese state, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China from Resolution on Taiwan's Future and that ROC-Taiwan is already independent (as reflected in the evolving concept from Four Noes and One Without to One Country on Each Side); both of these ideas run counter to the claims of China (PRC). Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement. According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Qing rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, ""Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion"". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid. The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing ""General Order No. 1"" to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would ""temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."" Modern-day political movement for Taiwan independence dates back to the Japanese colonial period but only became a viable political force within Taiwan in the 1990s. Taiwanese independence was advocated periodically during the Japanese colonial period, but was suppressed by the Japanese government. These efforts were the goal of the Taiwanese Communist Party of the late 1920s. Unlike current formulations, and in line with the thinking of the Comintern, such a state would have been a proletarian one. With the end of World War II in 1945, Japanese rule ended, but the subsequent autocratic rule of the ROC's Kuomintang (KMT) later revived calls for local rule. However, it was a movement supported by the Chinese students who were born on the Island and not associated with KMT. It found its roots in the US and Japan. In the 1950s a Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government was set up in Japan. Thomas Liao was nominally the President. At one time it held quasi-official relations with the newly independent Indonesia. This was possible mainly through the connections between Sukarno and the Provisional Government's Southeast Asian liaison, Chen Chih-hsiung, who had assisted in Indonesia's local resistance movements against the Japanese rule. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. mainland Chinese-born people who fled to Taiwan with KMT in the late 1940s). The February 28 Incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law that lasted until 1987 contributed to the period of White Terror on the island. In 1979, the Kaohsiung Incident, occurred as the movement for democracy and independence intensified. Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the ROC government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and it used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to vacate the seats held by delegates elected on the mainland in 1947 for the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Taiwanese state. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school-taught Mandarin Chinese. Several scholars drafted various versions of a constitution, as both political statement or vision and as intellectual exercise. Most of these drafts favor a bicameral parliamentary rather than presidential system. In at least one such draft, seats in the upper house would be divided equally among Taiwan's established ethnicities. In the 1980s the Chinese Nationalist government considered publication of these ideas criminal. In the most dramatic case, it decided to arrest the pro-independence publisher Cheng Nan-jung for publishing a version in his Tang-wai magazine, Liberty Era Weekly (自由時代週刊). Rather than giving himself up, Cheng self-immolated in protest. Other campaigns and tactics toward such a State have included soliciting designs from the public for a new national flag (see images to the right) and anthem (for example, Taiwan the Formosa). More recently the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign (台灣正名運動) has played an active role. More traditional independence supporters, however, have criticized name rectification as merely a superficial tactic devoid of the larger vision inherent in the independence agenda. Various overseas Taiwan Independence movements, such as the Formosan Association, World United Formosans for Independence, United Young Formosans for Independence (Japan), Union for Formosa's Independence in Europe, United Formosans in America for Independence, Committee for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto, Ont.), published ""The Independent Formosa"" in several volumes with the publisher ""Formosan Association."" In ""The Independent Formosa, Volumes 2-3"", they tried to justify Taiwanese collaboration with Japan during World War II by saying that the ""atmosphere covered the whole Japanese territories, including Korea and Formosa, and the Japanese mainlands as well"", when Taiwanese publications supported Japan's ""holy war"", and that the people who did it were not at fault. The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence. In 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo became director of the secret police, which he remained until 1965. Chiang also considered some people who were friends to Americans to be his enemies. An enemy of the Chiang family, Wu Kuo-chen, was kicked out of his position of governor of Taiwan by Chiang Ching-kuo and fled to America in 1953. Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and Kuomintang party activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute. Chiang orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American CIA against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The CIA allegedly wanted to help Sun take control of Taiwan and declare its independence. During the martial law era lasting until 1987, discussion of Taiwan independence was forbidden in Taiwan, at a time when recovery of the mainland and national unification were the stated goals of the ROC. During that time, many advocates of independence and other dissidents fled overseas, and carried out their advocacy work there, notably in Japan and the United States. Part of their work involved setting up think tanks, political organizations, and lobbying networks in order to influence the politics of their host countries, notably the United States, the ROC's main ally at the time, though they would not be very successful until much later. Within Taiwan, the independence movement was one of many dissident causes among the intensifying democracy movement of the 1970s, which culminated in the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was eventually formed to represent dissident causes. After the lifting of martial law in 1987, and the acceptance of multi-party politics, the Democratic Progressive Party became increasingly identified with Taiwan independence, which entered its party platform in 1991. At the same time, many overseas independence advocates and organizations returned to Taiwan and for the first time openly promoted their cause in Taiwan, gradually building up political support. Many had previously fled to the US or Europe and had been on a blacklist held by KMT, which had held them back from going back to Taiwan. Where they had fled, they built many organisations like European Federation of Taiwanese Associations or Formosan Association for Public Affairs. By the late 1990s, DPP and Taiwan independence have gained a solid electoral constituency in Taiwan, supported by an increasingly vocal and hardcore base. As the electoral success of the DPP, and later, the DPP-led Pan-Green Coalition grew in recent years, the Taiwan independence movement shifted focus to identity politics by proposing many plans involving symbolism and social engineering. The interpretation of historical events such as the February 28 Incident, the use of broadcast language and mother tongue education in schools, the official name and flag of the ROC, slogans in the army, orientation of maps all have been issues of concern to the present-day Taiwan independence movement. The movement, at its peak in the 70s through the 90s in the form of the Taiwan literature movement and other cultural upheavals, has moderated in recent years with the assimilation of these changes. Friction between ""mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan has decreased due to shared interests: increasing economic ties with mainland China, continuing threats by the PRC to invade, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Since the late 1990s many supporters of Taiwan independence have argued that Taiwan, as the ROC, is already independent from the mainland, making a formal declaration unnecessary. In May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party formalized this position in its ""Resolution on Taiwan's Future"". In 1995, Taiwanese president Lee Teng-hui was given permission to speak at Cornell University about his dream of Taiwanese independence, the first time a Taiwanese leader had been allowed to visit the United States. This led to a military response from China that included buying Russian submarines and conducting missile tests near Taiwan. In February 2007, President Chen Shui-bian initiated changes to names of state-owned enterprises, and the nation's embassies and overseas representative offices. As a result, Chunghwa Post Co. (中華郵政) was renamed Taiwan Post Co (臺灣郵政) and Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) is now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan (臺灣中油) and the signs in Taiwan's embassies now display the word ""Taiwan"" in brackets after ""Republic of China"". In 2007, the Taiwan Post Co. issued stamps bearing the name ""Taiwan"" in remembrance of the February 28 Incident. However, the name of the post office was reverted to 'Chunghwa Post Co.' following the inauguration of Kuomintang president Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The Pan-Blue camp voiced its opposition to the changes and the former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou said that it would generate diplomatic troubles and cause cross-strait tensions. It also argued that without a change in the relevant legislation pertaining to state-owned enterprises, the name changes of these enterprises could not be valid. As the Pan-Blue camp held only a slim parliamentary majority throughout the administration of President Chen, the Government's motion to change the law to this effect were blocked by the opposition. Later, U.S. Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack said that the U.S. does not support administrative steps that would appear to change Taiwan's status or move toward independence. Former president Lee Teng-hui has stated that he never pursued Taiwanese independence. Lee views Taiwan as already an independent state, and that the call for ""Taiwanese independence"" could even confuse the international community by implying that Taiwan once viewed itself as part of China. From this perspective, Taiwan is independent even if it remains unable to enter the UN. Lee said the most important goals are to improve the people's livelihoods, build national consciousness, make a formal name change and draft a new constitution that reflects the present reality so that Taiwan can officially identify itself as a country. Legislative elections were held on 12 January 2008, resulting in a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature for the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition. President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party was handed a heavy defeat, winning only the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. Two months later, the election for the 12th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held on Saturday, 22 March 2008. Kuomintang (KMT) nominee Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party rule. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. On 1 August 2008, the Board of Directors of Taiwan Post Co. resolved to reverse the name change and restored the name ""Chunghwa Post"". The Board of Directors, as well as resolving to restore the name of the corporation, also resolved to re-hire the chief executive dismissed in 2007, and to withdraw defamation proceedings against him. On 2 September 2008, President Ma defined the relations between Taiwan and mainland China as ""special"", but ""not that between two states"" - they are relations based on two areas of one state, with Taiwan considering that state to be the Republic of China, and mainland China considering that state to be the People's Republic of China. Ma's approach with the mainland is conspicuously evasive of political negotiations that may lead to unification which is the mainland's ultimate goal. The National Unification Guidelines remain “frozen” and Ma has precluded any discussion of reunification during his term by his “three no’s” (no unification, no independence, and no use of force). The Democratic Progressive Party, led by Tsai Ing-wen, won a landslide victory over the Kuomintang on 20 May 2016. Her administration has stated she seeks to maintain the current political status of Taiwan. The PRC government continues to criticize the Taiwanese government, as the DPP administration has refused to officially recognize the 1992 Consensus and the One-China policy. Domestically, the issue of independence has dominated Taiwanese politics for the past few decades. This is also a grave issue for mainland China. The creation of a Taiwanese state is formally the goal of the Taiwan Solidarity Union and former President Lee Teng-hui. Although the Democratic Progressive Party was originally also an advocate for both the idea of a Taiwanese state and Taiwan independence, they now take a middle line in which a sovereign, independent Taiwan is identified with the ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" and its symbols. This movement also has international significance, because the PRC has stated, or implied, that it will force reunification by taking military action against Taiwan under one of these five conditions: (1) Taiwan makes a formal declaration of independence, (2) Taiwan forges a military alliance with any foreign power, (3) internal turmoil arises in Taiwan, (4) Taiwan gains weapons of mass destruction, (5) Taiwan shows no will to negotiate on the basis of “one China.” The PRC government warned that if the situation in Taiwan were to become “worse,” it will not look on “indifferently.” Such a military action would pose the threat of a superpower conflict in East Asia. Under the terms of Taiwan Relations Act, United States shall provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character. However, Taiwan Relations Act does not oblige US to provide military intervention. While so, military intervention could still be sought should a formal declaration of war be made by the President of the United States in an act of Congress signed by the President. The questions of independence and the island's relationship to mainland China are complex and inspire very strong emotions among Taiwanese people. There are some who continue to maintain the KMT's position, which states that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (of which they consider Taiwan to be a part), and that the aim of the government should be eventual reunification of the mainland and Taiwan under the rule of the ROC. Some argue that Taiwan has been, and should continue to be, completely independent from China and should become a Taiwanese state with a distinct name. Then, there are numerous positions running the entire spectrum between these two extremes, as well as differing opinions on how best to manage either situation should it ever be realized. On 25 October 2004, in Beijing, the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said Taiwan is “not sovereign,” provoking strong comments from both the Pan-Green and Pan-Blue coalitions – but for very different reasons. From the DPP's side, President Chen declared that “Taiwan is definitely a sovereign, independent country, a great country that absolutely does not belong to the People's Republic of China"". The TSU (Taiwan Solidarity Union) criticized Powell, and questioned why the US sold weapons to Taiwan if it were not a sovereign state. From the KMT, then Chairman Ma Ying-jeou announced, “the Republic of China has been a sovereign state ever since it was formed .” The pro-unification PFP Party Chairman, James Soong, called it “Taiwan's biggest failure in diplomacy.” The first view considers the move for Taiwan independence as a nationalist movement. Historically, this was view of such pro-independence groups as the tangwai movement (which later grew into the Democratic Progressive Party) who argued that the ROC under the Kuomintang had been a ""foreign regime"" forcibly imposed on Taiwan. Since the 1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence no longer actively make this argument. Instead, the argument has been that, in order to survive the growing power of the PRC, Taiwan must view itself as a separate and distinct entity from “China.” Such a change in view involves: (1) removing the name of “China” from official and unofficial items in Taiwan, (2) changes in history books, which now portrays Taiwan as a central entity, (3) promoting the use of Taiwanese language in the government and in the education system, (4) reducing economic links with mainland China, and (5) promoting the general thinking that Taiwan is a separate entity. The goal of this movement is the eventual creation of a country where China is a foreign entity, and Taiwan is an internationally recognized country separate from any concept of “China.” The proposed “state of Taiwan” will exclude areas such as Quemoy and Matsu off the coast of Fujian, and some of the islands in the South China Sea, which historically were not part of Taiwan. Some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that the Treaty of San Francisco justifies Taiwan independence by not explicitly granting Taiwan to either the ROC or the PRC, even though neither the PRC nor the ROC government accepts such legal justification. It is also thought that if formal independence were declared, Taiwan's foreign policies would lean further towards Japan and the United States, and the desirable option of United Nations Trusteeship Council is also considered. The independence of Taiwan, along with independence of Tibet, is also supported by many Japanese and Filipinos, both maritime neighbors of Taiwan. The Taiwan Independence Party won a single seat in the Legislative Yuan in the 1998 legislative election. The Taiwan Solidarity Union was formed in 2001, and is also supportive of independence. Though it gained more legislative support than TAIP in elections, the TSU's legislative representation has dropped over time. In 2018, political parties and organizations demanding a referendum on Taiwan's independence formed an alliance to further their objective. The Formosa Alliance was established on 7 April 2018, prompted by a sense of crisis in the face of growing pressure from China for unification. The alliance wanted to hold a referendum on Taiwan's independence in April 2019, and change the island's name from the “Republic of China” to “Taiwan,” and apply for membership in the United Nations. In August 2019, another party supportive of independence, the Taiwan Action Party Alliance was founded. A second view is that Taiwan is already an independent nation with the official name “Republic of China,” which has been independent (i.e. de facto separate from mainland China) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, when the ROC lost control of mainland China, with only Taiwan (including the Penghu islands), Kinmen (Quemoy), the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian Province, and some of the islands in the South China Sea remaining under its administration. Although previously no major political faction adopted this pro-status quo viewpoint, because it is a ""compromise"" in face of PRC threats and American warnings against a unilateral declaration of independence, the DPP combined it with their traditional belief to form their latest official policy. This viewpoint has not been adopted by more radical groups such as the Taiwan Solidarity Union, which favor only the third view described above and are in favor of a Republic or State of Taiwan. In addition, many members of the Pan-Blue Coalition are rather suspicious of this view, fearing that adopting this definition of Taiwan independence is merely an insincere stealth tactical effort to advance desinicization and the third view of Taiwan independence. As a result, supporters of Pan-Blue tend to make a clear distinction between Taiwan independence and Taiwan sovereignty, while supporters of Pan-Green tend to try to blur the distinction between the two. Most Taiwanese and political parties of the ROC support the status quo, and recognize that this is de facto independence through sovereign self-rule. Even among those who believe Taiwan is and should remain independent, the threat of war from PRC softens their approach, and they tend to support maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing an ideological path that could result in war with the PRC. When President Lee Teng-hui put forth the two-states policy, he received 80% support. A similar situation arose when President Chen Shui-bian declared that there was ""one country on each side"" of the Taiwan Strait. To this day, the parties disagree, sometimes bitterly, on such things as territory, name (R.O.C. or Taiwan), future policies, and interpretations of history. The Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC believe that Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian are intent on publicly promoting a moderate form of Taiwan independence in order to advance secretly deeper forms of Taiwan independence, and that they intend to use popular support on Taiwan for political separation to advance notions of cultural and economic separation. The third view, put forward by the government of the PRC and Nationalists of the KMT, defines Taiwan independence as “splitting Taiwan from China, causing division of the nation and the people.” What PRC claims by this statement is somewhat ambiguous according to supporters of Taiwanese independence, as some statements by the PRC seem to identify China solely and uncompromisingly with the PRC. Others propose a broader and more flexible definition suggesting that both mainland China and Taiwan are parts that form one cultural and geographic entity, although divided politically as a vestige of the Chinese Civil War. The PRC considers itself the sole legitimate government of all China, and the ROC to be a defunct entity replaced in the Communist revolution that succeeded in 1949. Therefore, assertions that the ROC is a sovereign state are construed as support for Taiwan independence, so are proposals to change the name of the ROC. Such a name change is met with even more disapproval since it rejects Taiwan as part of the greater China entity (as one side of a still-unresolved Chinese civil war). The ROC used to be recognized by the UN as the sole legal government of China until 1971. In that year, the UN Resolution 2758 was passed, and the PRC became recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. During PRC President Hu Jintao’s visit to the United States on 20 April 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush reaffirmed to the world that the U.S. would uphold its “one China” policy. Chinese nationalists also deem the Taiwan independence movement and its supporters to be hanjian (traitors). When the government of the Republic of China (under the Kuomintang) was forced to retreat to Formosa and the Pescadores (Taiwan and Penghu) in 1949, several Chinese (i.e. not Japanese) islands still remained under Kuomintang control. Because the Chinese Communist Party never gained control of the Kinmen, Wuqiu, and Matsu Islands, they are now governed by the Republic of China on Taiwan as Kinmen County (Kinmen, Wuqiu) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) within a streamlined Fujian Province. The islands are often referred to collectively as Quemoy and Matsu or as ""Golden Horse"". Historically, Kinmen County ('Quemoy') and Lienchiang County ('Matsu') served as important defensive strongholds for the Kuomintang during the 1950–1970s, symbolizing the frontline of Kuomintang resistance against the Communist rebellion. They represented the last Kuomintang presence in ""mainland China"". The islands received immense coverage from Western (especially United States) media during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954–1955 and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1958. They were very significant in the context of the Cold War, a period from 1946 until 1991 of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and its allies). Ever since the transition into multi-party politics (i.e. ""Democratization"") during the 1990s, Kinmen and Lienchiang counties have now essentially developed into two electorates that can be contested through democratic elections. Currently the two electorates are ""strongholds"" for the Kuomintang due mainly to popular opinion within the electorates, rather than brute control (as in the past). The two electorates have recently developed close relations with the mainland, which lies only around 2–9 km west from the islands, whereas Taiwan lies around 166–189 km east from the islands. Quemoy and Matsu are unique and important for several reasons. Reportedly, the local government of Kinmen County supports stronger business and cultural ties with mainland China, similarly to the Kuomintang, and views itself as an important proxy (representative) or nexus (focal point) for improving Cross-Strait relations (that is, in the favour of Chinese unification). In January 2001, direct travel between Kinmen County (and Lienchiang County) and mainland China re-opened under the ""mini Three Links"". As of 2015, Kinmen has plans to become a ""special economic zone (of China)"", similarly to the neighbouring mainland Chinese city of Xiamen. This might be accomplished in part by building a huge bridge connecting Kinmen to Xiamen, via the island of Lesser Kinmen (Lieyu); already, a bridge is being constructed between Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen. Additionally, Kinmen has plans to become a ""university island"". In 2010, ""National Kinmen Institute of Technology"" was upgraded to ""National Quemoy University"". Kinmen County plans to establish several branches of mainland Chinese universities in Kinmen, and has bargained with the central Taiwanese (ROC) government so that universities in Kinmen don't have to bounded by the same quotas as other Taiwanese universities in terms of admitting mainland Chinese students. In 2018, the local government of Kinmen County unveiled a new undersea pipeline linking Kinmen to mainland China, through which drinking-water can be imported. This business deal caused controversy in Taiwan and resulted in a ""stand-off"" between Kinmen County and the Mainland Affairs Council of Taiwan (ROC). Within Taiwan, one camp believes that Kinmen County (Quemoy) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) should be abandoned from a potential independent and sovereign Taiwanese state. This view aligns with the aforementioned treaties and acts that do not define Kinmen and Matsu as being part of Taiwan. This same camp also believes that the PRC has only ""allowed"" the ROC to continue controlling Kinmen and Matsu in order to ""tether"" Taiwan to mainland China. The fact that the PRC propagandizes Kinmen and Matsu is evidence that this is true to at least a certain degree. In a hypothetical scenario where Kinmen and Matsu are abandoned by the Taiwanese state, they would likely be ""ceded"" to the People's Republic of China via a peace treaty, officially ending the Chinese Civil War. Also within Taiwan, a second camp believes that Quemoy and Matsu belong to Taiwan. This camp believes that the ROC and Taiwan have become one and the same. By this logic, Taiwan effectively owns all of the same territories that the ROC is said to own. Among these territories is Quemoy and Matsu. If a potential Taiwanese state were to be created, this camp believes that the new country will actually be the successor state to the ROC, rather than an entirely new country. Therefore, if Taiwan independence were to be successfully achieved, then the islands of Quemoy and Matsu would hypothetically cease to be administered as ""Fujian Province"", and would instead simply be classified as ""satellite islands of Taiwan"" (much in the same way as Penghu). Despite the differing views of these two camps, there is a general understanding throughout Taiwan that Quemoy and Matsu are not part of the historical region of ""Taiwan"", due to having never been governed under the following regimes: Dutch Formosa, Spanish Formosa, Kingdom of Tungning, Republic of Formosa, and Japanese Formosa. Additionally, Quemoy and Matsu experienced a unique history for several years as military outposts of the ROC, further separating the islands from Taiwan in terms of culture. Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China,  Taiwan independence movement  2021-12-25T00:21:19Z  Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement which advocates the formal declaration of an independent and sovereign Taiwanese state, as opposed to the status quo of ""Two Chinas"" or Chinese unification. Currently, Taiwan's political status is ambiguous. China currently claims it is a province of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan and other islands are currently under the control of the Republic of China (Taiwan), a country that conducts official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by 15 United Nations-recognized countries. The current Tsai Ing-wen administration of the Republic of China maintains that Taiwan is already an independent country as the ROC and thus does not have to push for any sort of formal independence. The use of ""independence"" for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Taiwanese state or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China and is already independent (as reflected in the concept of One Country on Each Side). Some supporters advocate the exclusion of Kinmen and Matsu, which are controlled by Taiwan but are located off the coast of mainland China. Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition, which seeks to retain the somewhat ambiguous status quo of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under the so-called ""1992 Consensus"" or gradually reunify with mainland China at some point. The government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) opposes Taiwanese independence since it believes that Taiwan and mainland China comprise two portions of a single country's territory. The PRC's government has formulated a ""One-China Policy,"" whereby foreign countries may only conduct official diplomatic relations with the PRC on the condition that they surrender all official diplomatic relations with and formal recognition of the ROC. Due to the PRC's economic influence, it has successfully pressured many countries into withdrawing official recognition of the ROC. At the conclusion of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan was ceded by the Chinese Qing Empire to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the conclusion of World War II and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, Taiwan was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) on behalf of the WWII Allies. The ROC, then the generally recognized government of both China and Taiwan, declared Taiwan to have been ""restored"" to China; this is argued to have been an illegal act. In 1949–1950, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) drove the ROC government out of China and into Taiwan (plus some minor Chinese islands), during the events of the Chinese Civil War. At the time, no treaty had yet been signed to officially transfer Taiwan to China. The ROC selected Taipei as the provisional capital (of China) and declared ""martial law"" in 1949. The supposedly democratic institutions of the ROC were ""temporarily"" suspended. With democracy suspended in ROC-controlled Taiwan, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) of the ROC, in reality, developed Taiwan into a dictatorship. The period of martial law that existed in Taiwan from 1949 until 1987 resulted in the unlawful convictions and occasional executions of thousands of Taiwanese and Chinese democracy activists and other dissidents. This period has become colloquially known as the ""White Terror"". After 1987 Lieyu massacre, the Kuomintang released its hold on power and ended martial law in Taiwan. This was due not only to pressure from democracy/independence activists within Taiwan but also pressure from the United States due to its citizen Henry Liu having been assassinated by criminal triad members secretly trained and dispatched by the Republic of China Military Intelligence Bureau. From hereafter, independence-oriented parties were now able to gain control of Taiwan. Democratic activism within Taiwan gave birth to a range of independence-oriented political parties. Most notable out of these is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which has been democratically elected into power three times. The governing body of Taiwan still continues to identify as the ""Republic of China"", but many institutions have been occupied and occasionally changed by the DPP, which has led to a theory that ""the ROC is Taiwan"". It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved de facto independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005. The PRC and the Kuomintang continue to argue that ""the Chinese Civil War hasn't yet ended"". These two political camps have developed a ""1992 Consensus"" in order to cement Taiwan's status as a province of ""China"". In retaliation, the DPP has been trying to develop a ""Taiwan Consensus"". The polity that exercises real control over Taiwan is a collection of political parties that variously refer to their country as either ""Taiwan (Republic of China)"" or ""China (Republic of China)"". There is no real consensus within the country over the fundamental status of the country itself, with the country being divided between two main factions known as the ""Pan-Blue Coalition"" and the ""Pan-Green Coalition"". The Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT), believes that their country (including Taiwan) is China and does not acknowledge the legitimacy of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which they view to be an occupation of the rest of China by rebel forces; they refer to Taiwan, the place where they actually live, as ""Taiwan, free area of the Republic of China"". On the other hand, the Pan-Green Coalition, currently led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), believes that their country is limited to the geographical definition of Taiwan (including Taiwan's satellite islands and the Penghu Islands), as well as perhaps some minor outlying islands, and does not actively claim sovereignty over China. Furthermore, the territorial dispute over Taiwan is connected to various other territorial disputes in East Asia, especially the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands dispute and the various South China Sea Islands disputes. For the former, this is because both the PRC and the Pan-Blue Coalition believe that the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands are part of the geographical definition of Taiwan, although they are currently under the control of Japan and have been under Japanese rule since the late 19th century; hence, the Chinese claim to the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands is simply an extension of the Chinese claim to Taiwan. Meanwhile, regarding the latter, Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few islands of the South China Sea, and the Pan-Blue Coalition further claims sovereignty over all of the other islands of the South China Sea. Finally, another crucial detail of the territorial dispute over Taiwan is the fact that Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few other non-Taiwanese islands assigned to China; the islands of Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu, which are under Taiwan/ROC control, are geographically defined as being parts of Fujian Province, China (within Taiwan/ROC, they are governed as parts of the Pan-Blue Coalition's own definition of Fujian Province, China). Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (KMT). The former coalition aims to eventually achieve full sovereign independence for Taiwan. Whereas, the latter coalition aims to improve relations with the Beijing government (PRC) — which it refers to as ""mainland China"" — and eventually ""reunify"" at some point. Both parties have long been forced to precariously dance around the so-called ""status quo"" of Taiwan's political status. The DPP is unable to immediately declare independence due to pressure from the PRC and the KMT, whereas the KMT and PRC are unable to immediately achieve Chinese unification due to pressure from the DPP and its unofficial allies (including political factions within the United States (US), Japan, and the European Union (EU)). The 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki and 1951 Treaty of San Francisco are often cited as the main bases for Taiwan independence in international law, if such things as ""self-determination"" and the Montevideo Convention (on the Rights and Duties of States) are to be disregarded. These two treaties are not recognized by the Beijing government and the Pan-Blue Coalition of Taiwan. Whereas the PRC usually dismisses self-determination and the Montevideo Convention as conspiracies against Chinese sovereignty, the two aforementioned treaties have strong legal bases in international law and have been recognized by numerous countries across the globe. Notably, the Treaty of San Francisco forms the primary basis of modern Japan's independence (from the WWII Allies), and largely dictates Japan's modern geopolitics. The premise of citing these two treaties is that: a) Japan gained sovereignty over Taiwan in 1895, b) Japan lost sovereignty over Taiwan in 1951–1952, and c) Japan never indicated the ""successor state"" on Taiwan thereafter. Therefore, according to certain activists, this means that Taiwan is only controlled by the Republic of China on behalf of the WWII Allies, and does not constitute a part of the ROC's sovereign territory. The Beijing government disregards these two treaties, claiming that: a) the Treaty of Shimonoseki has been nullified and b) the Treaty of San Francisco was illegal. Furthermore, the Potsdam Declaration and Cairo Communique are often cited as indisputable bases for Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan. The PRC is also adamant on emphasizing the fact that the United Nations (UN) refers to Taiwan as ""Taiwan, Province of China"". However, this point is dubious given that it has a huge amount of influence over the UN as one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. The Beijing government also claims that the majority of countries recognize Taiwan as a province of China, though this is only a half-truth. People's Republic of China authorities also accuse the US, Japan, and the EU of interfering in ""Chinese internal affairs"", claiming that the United States is responsible for separating Taiwan from China, and is responsible for manufacturing ""artificial"" pro-independence sentiments within Taiwan. Most governments, including the U.S. government, claim to adhere to a so-called ""One-China Policy"", which is based on the Chinese ""One China Principle"". Most ""developed"" and ""Western"" countries consider Taiwan to be a self-governing state in reality. However, since recognizing the existence of an ""independent Taiwan/ROC"" provides some form of grounds for officially recognising Taiwan independence, China (PRC) usually rejects the main premise of the Montevideo Convention, which is that ""there are certain realities that determine statehood"" (irrespective of international recognition). Within the Pan-Green Coalition of Taiwan, there are two main factions. The faction that is currently in power aims to attain official international recognition for the reality of ""Two Chinas"", where the PRC and the ROC can coexist; later, the ROC can gradually ""transform"" itself into a Taiwanese state whilst avoiding a major conflict with the PRC. Whereas, the other faction aims to directly achieve Taiwan independence through a more abrupt and complete overthrowal of ROC institutions within Taiwan, which the faction views to be illegitimate. The use of ""independence"" for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Taiwanese state, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China from Resolution on Taiwan's Future and that ROC-Taiwan is already independent (as reflected in the evolving concept from Four Noes and One Without to One Country on Each Side); both of these ideas run counter to the claims of China (PRC). When the government of the Republic of China (under the Kuomintang) was forced to retreat to Formosa and the Pescadores (Taiwan and Penghu) in 1949, several Chinese (i.e. not Japanese) islands still remained under Kuomintang control. Because the Chinese Communist Party never gained control of the Kinmen, Wuqiu, and Matsu Islands, they are now governed by the Republic of China on Taiwan as Kinmen County (Kinmen, Wuqiu) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) within a streamlined Fujian Province. The islands are often referred to collectively as Quemoy and Matsu or as ""Golden Horse"". Historically, Kinmen County (""Quemoy"") and Lienchiang County (""Matsu"") served as important defensive strongholds for the Kuomintang during the 1950–1970s, symbolizing the frontline of Kuomintang resistance against the Communist rebellion. They represented the last Kuomintang presence in ""mainland China"". The islands received immense coverage from Western (especially United States) media during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954–1955 and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1958. They were very significant in the context of the Cold War, a period from 1946 until 1991 of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and its allies). Ever since the transition into multi-party politics (i.e. ""Democratization"") during the 1990s, Kinmen and Lienchiang counties have now essentially developed into two electorates that can be contested through democratic elections. Currently the two electorates are ""strongholds"" for the Kuomintang due mainly to popular opinion within the electorates, rather than brute control (as in the past). The two electorates have recently developed close relations with the mainland, which lies only around 2–9 km west from the islands, whereas Taiwan lies around 166–189 km east from the islands. Quemoy and Matsu are unique and important for several reasons. Reportedly, the local government of Kinmen County supports stronger business and cultural ties with mainland China, similarly to the Kuomintang, and views itself as an important proxy (representative) or nexus (focal point) for improving Cross-Strait relations (that is, in the favour of Chinese unification). In January 2001, direct travel between Kinmen County (and Lienchiang County) and mainland China re-opened under the ""mini Three Links"". As of 2015, Kinmen has plans to become a ""special economic zone"" in which free trade and free investment would be allowed between it and the neighbouring mainland SEZ of Xiamen. This might be accomplished in part by building a huge bridge connecting Kinmen to Xiamen, via the island of Lesser Kinmen (Lieyu); already, a bridge is being constructed between Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen. Additionally, Kinmen has plans to become a ""university island"". In 2010, ""National Kinmen Institute of Technology"" was upgraded to ""National Quemoy University"". Kinmen County plans to establish several branches of mainland Chinese universities in Kinmen, and has bargained with the central Taiwanese (ROC) government so that universities in Kinmen don't have to be bounded by the same quotas as other Taiwanese universities in terms of admitting mainland Chinese students. In 2018, the local government of Kinmen County unveiled a new undersea pipeline linking Kinmen to mainland China, through which drinking-water can be imported. This business deal caused controversy in Taiwan and resulted in a ""stand-off"" between Kinmen County and the Mainland Affairs Council of Taiwan (ROC). Within Taiwan, one camp believes that Kinmen County (Quemoy) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) should be abandoned from a potential independent and sovereign Taiwanese state. This view aligns with the aforementioned treaties and acts that do not define Kinmen and Matsu as being part of Taiwan. This same camp also believes that the PRC has only ""allowed"" the ROC to continue controlling Kinmen and Matsu in order to ""tether"" Taiwan to mainland China. The fact that the PRC propagandizes Kinmen and Matsu is evidence that this is true to at least a certain degree. In a hypothetical scenario where Kinmen and Matsu are abandoned by the Taiwanese state, they would likely be ""ceded"" to the People's Republic of China via a peace treaty, officially ending the Chinese Civil War. Also within Taiwan, a second camp believes that Quemoy and Matsu belong to Taiwan. This camp believes that the ROC and Taiwan have become one and the same. By this logic, Taiwan effectively owns all of the same territories that the ROC is said to own. Among these territories is Quemoy and Matsu. If a potential Taiwanese state were to be created, this camp believes that the new country will actually be the successor state to the ROC, rather than an entirely new country. Therefore, if Taiwan independence were to be successfully achieved, then the islands of Quemoy and Matsu would hypothetically cease to be administered as ""Fujian Province"", and would instead simply be classified as ""satellite islands of Taiwan"" (much in the same way as Penghu). Despite the differing views of these two camps, there is a general understanding throughout Taiwan that Quemoy and Matsu are not part of the historical region of ""Taiwan"", due to having never been governed under the following regimes: Dutch Formosa, Spanish Formosa, Kingdom of Tungning, Republic of Formosa, and Japanese Formosa. Additionally, Quemoy and Matsu experienced a unique history for several years as military outposts of the ROC, further separating the islands from Taiwan in terms of culture. Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement. According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Qing rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, ""Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion"". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid. The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing ""General Order No. 1"" to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would ""temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."" Modern-day political movement for Taiwan independence dates back to the Japanese colonial period but only became a viable political force within Taiwan in the 1990s. Taiwanese independence was advocated periodically during the Japanese colonial period, but was suppressed by the Japanese government. These efforts were the goal of the Taiwanese Communist Party of the late 1920s. Unlike current formulations, and in line with the thinking of the Comintern, such a state would have been a proletarian one. With the end of World War II in 1945, Japanese rule ended, but the subsequent autocratic rule of the ROC's Kuomintang (KMT) later revived calls for local rule. However, it was a movement supported by the Chinese students who were born on the Island and not associated with KMT. It found its roots in the US and Japan. In the 1950s a Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government was set up in Japan. Thomas Liao was nominally the President. At one time it held quasi-official relations with the newly independent Indonesia. This was possible mainly through the connections between Sukarno and the Provisional Government's Southeast Asian liaison, Chen Chih-hsiung, who had assisted in Indonesia's local resistance movements against the Japanese rule. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. mainland Chinese-born people who fled to Taiwan with KMT in the late 1940s). The February 28 Incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law that lasted until 1987 contributed to the period of White Terror on the island. In 1979, the Kaohsiung Incident, occurred as the movement for democracy and independence intensified. Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the ROC government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and it used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to vacate the seats held by delegates elected on the mainland in 1947 for the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Taiwanese state. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school-taught Mandarin Chinese. Several scholars drafted various versions of a constitution, as both political statement or vision and as intellectual exercise. Most of these drafts favor a bicameral parliamentary rather than presidential system. In at least one such draft, seats in the upper house would be divided equally among Taiwan's established ethnicities. In the 1980s the Chinese Nationalist government considered publication of these ideas criminal. In the most dramatic case, it decided to arrest the pro-independence publisher Cheng Nan-jung for publishing a version in his Tang-wai magazine, Liberty Era Weekly (自由時代週刊). Rather than giving himself up, Cheng self-immolated in protest. Other campaigns and tactics toward such a State have included soliciting designs from the public for a new national flag and anthem (for example, Taiwan the Formosa). More recently the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign (台灣正名運動) has played an active role. More traditional independence supporters, however, have criticized name rectification as merely a superficial tactic devoid of the larger vision inherent in the independence agenda. Various overseas Taiwan Independence movements, such as the Formosan Association, World United Formosans for Independence, United Young Formosans for Independence (Japan), Union for Formosa's Independence in Europe, United Formosans in America for Independence, Committee for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto, Ont.), published ""The Independent Formosa"" in several volumes with the publisher ""Formosan Association."" In ""The Independent Formosa, Volumes 2-3"", they tried to justify Taiwanese collaboration with Japan during World War II by saying that the ""atmosphere covered the whole Japanese territories, including Korea and Formosa, and the Japanese mainlands as well"", when Taiwanese publications supported Japan's ""holy war"", and that the people who did it were not at fault. The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence. In 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo became director of the secret police, which he remained until 1965. Chiang also considered some people who were friends to Americans to be his enemies. An enemy of the Chiang family, Wu Kuo-chen, was kicked out of his position of governor of Taiwan by Chiang Ching-kuo and fled to America in 1953. Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and Kuomintang party activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute. Chiang orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American CIA against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The CIA allegedly wanted to help Sun take control of Taiwan and declare its independence. During the martial law era lasting until 1987, discussion of Taiwan independence was forbidden in Taiwan, at a time when recovery of the mainland and national unification were the stated goals of the ROC. During that time, many advocates of independence and other dissidents fled overseas, and carried out their advocacy work there, notably in Japan and the United States. Part of their work involved setting up think tanks, political organizations, and lobbying networks in order to influence the politics of their host countries, notably the United States, the ROC's main ally at the time, though they would not be very successful until much later. Within Taiwan, the independence movement was one of many dissident causes among the intensifying democracy movement of the 1970s, which culminated in the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was eventually formed to represent dissident causes. After the lifting of martial law in 1987, and the acceptance of multi-party politics, the Democratic Progressive Party became increasingly identified with Taiwan independence, which entered its party platform in 1991. At the same time, many overseas independence advocates and organizations returned to Taiwan and for the first time openly promoted their cause in Taiwan, gradually building up political support. Many had previously fled to the US or Europe and had been on a blacklist held by KMT, which had held them back from going back to Taiwan. Where they had fled, they built many organisations like European Federation of Taiwanese Associations or Formosan Association for Public Affairs. By the late 1990s, DPP and Taiwan independence have gained a solid electoral constituency in Taiwan, supported by an increasingly vocal and hardcore base. As the electoral success of the DPP, and later, the DPP-led Pan-Green Coalition grew in recent years, the Taiwan independence movement shifted focus to identity politics by proposing many plans involving symbolism and social engineering. The interpretation of historical events such as the February 28 Incident, the use of broadcast language and mother tongue education in schools, the official name and flag of the ROC, slogans in the army, orientation of maps all have been issues of concern to the present-day Taiwan independence movement. The movement, at its peak in the 70s through the 90s in the form of the Taiwan literature movement and other cultural upheavals, has moderated in recent years with the assimilation of these changes. Friction between ""mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan has decreased due to shared interests: increasing economic ties with mainland China, continuing threats by the PRC to invade, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Since the late 1990s many supporters of Taiwan independence have argued that Taiwan, as the ROC, is already independent from the mainland, making a formal declaration unnecessary. In May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party formalized this position in its ""Resolution on Taiwan's Future"". In 1995, Taiwanese president Lee Teng-hui was given permission to speak at Cornell University about his dream of Taiwanese independence, the first time a Taiwanese leader had been allowed to visit the United States. This led to a military response from China that included buying Russian submarines and conducting missile tests near Taiwan. In February 2007, President Chen Shui-bian initiated changes to names of state-owned enterprises, and the nation's embassies and overseas representative offices. As a result, Chunghwa Post Co. (中華郵政) was renamed Taiwan Post Co. (臺灣郵政) and Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) is now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan (臺灣中油) and the signs in Taiwan's embassies now display the word ""Taiwan"" in brackets after ""Republic of China"". In 2007, the Taiwan Post Co. issued stamps bearing the name ""Taiwan"" in remembrance of the February 28 Incident. However, the name of the post office was reverted to ""Chunghwa Post Co."" following the inauguration of Kuomintang president Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The Pan-Blue camp voiced its opposition to the changes and the former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou said that it would generate diplomatic troubles and cause cross-strait tensions. It also argued that without a change in the relevant legislation pertaining to state-owned enterprises, the name changes of these enterprises could not be valid. As the Pan-Blue camp held only a slim parliamentary majority throughout the administration of President Chen, the Government's motion to change the law to this effect were blocked by the opposition. Later, U.S. Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack said that the U.S. does not support administrative steps that would appear to change the status-quo by either Taipei or Beijing as threats to regional security. Former president Lee Teng-hui has stated that he never pursued Taiwanese independence. Lee views Taiwan as already an independent state, and that the call for ""Taiwanese independence"" could even confuse the international community by implying that Taiwan once viewed itself as part of China. From this perspective, Taiwan is independent even if it remains unable to enter the UN. Lee said the most important goals are to improve the people's livelihoods, build national consciousness, make a formal name change and draft a new constitution that reflects the present reality so that Taiwan can officially identify itself as a country. Legislative elections were held on 12 January 2008, resulting in a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature for the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition. President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party was handed a heavy defeat, winning only the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. Two months later, the election for the 12th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held on Saturday, 22 March 2008. KMT nominee Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party rule. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. On 1 August 2008, the Board of Directors of Taiwan Post Co. resolved to reverse the name change and restored the name ""Chunghwa Post"". The Board of Directors, as well as resolving to restore the name of the corporation, also resolved to re-hire the chief executive dismissed in 2007, and to withdraw defamation proceedings against him. On 2 September 2008, President Ma defined the relations between Taiwan and mainland China as ""special"", but ""not that between two states"" - they are relations based on two areas of one state, with Taiwan considering that state to be the Republic of China, and mainland China considering that state to be the People's Republic of China. Ma's approach with the mainland is conspicuously evasive of political negotiations that may lead to unification which is the mainland's ultimate goal. The National Unification Guidelines remain “frozen” and Ma has precluded any discussion of reunification during his term by his “three no’s” (no unification, no independence, and no use of force). The Democratic Progressive Party, led by Tsai Ing-wen, won a landslide victory over the Kuomintang on 20 May 2016. Her administration has stated she seeks to maintain the current political status of Taiwan. The PRC government continues to criticize the ROC government, as the DPP administration has refused to officially recognize the 1992 Consensus and the One-China policy. On 13 March 2018, 19-year-old Chan Tong-Kai confessed to murdering his 20-year-old girlfriend Poon Hiu-wing in Taiwan when the Hong Kong police arrested him after he used Poon’s ATM card to withdraw cash in both Taiwan and Hong Kong. Because the murder took place in Taiwan, the authorities in Hong Kong had no jurisdiction to charge Chan with murder, but sentenced him for money laundering instead. Because Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, the region cannot make agreements such as a mutual legal assistance treaty with Taiwan, thus making the transfer of Chan to Taiwan extremely difficult. In February 2019, the Hong Kong government proposed an amendment to the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ordinance to allow the transfer of fugitives between Hong Kong and any place outside Hong Kong. Researcher Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh argued that the establishment of the amendment would “subject Hong Kong residents and visitors to the jurisdiction and legal system of mainland China, thereby undermining the region’s autonomy and Hong Kong people’s civil liberties.” As a result, on 15 March 2019, the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement began in Hong Kong. In response to the Hong Kong protest, the Chinese government urged strengthening control over Hong Kong in order to bring “stability and prosperity” back to the Special Administrative Region (SAR), which in 30 June 2020, the Chinese government passed the Hong Kong National Security Law to give mainland officials the authority to operate within Hong Kong to punish people whom committed the crimes of secession, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with foreign forces. Simultaneously, using Hong Kong as example, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping, also warned Taiwan that unification was inevitable. The biggest threat to Hongkongers posed by the Hong Kong national security law was the level of control that the Chinese government has over Hong Kong. Just one day after the establishment of the law, about 370 protestors were arrested, including 10 under the new law. Hatred towards the government of Beijing or Hong Kong was also defined as a serious crime, that people could be punished to the maximum of life imprisonment. American journalist John Pomfret viewed this legislation as “a blueprint for dealing with Taiwan,” and argued that similar legislation may also be imposed in Taiwan if unified. According to the survey organized by APF Canada and RIWI in August 2020, it showed that there was a positive correlation between concerns for Taiwan’s national security and agreement that the PRC has violated the “one country, two systems” principle. Overall, about 66 percent of the people express certain level of concern (from slight to extreme), and only 34 percent showed “not at all concerned.” Within that, majority of those who showed concerns either identified themselves as Taiwanese or a supporter of the DPP. One significant impact in Taiwan was the increasing support to Tsai Ing-wen, the seventh president of Taiwan and a member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Bonnie Glaser, an analyst of Chinese politics, believes that the circumstances in Hong Kong ""resonated with Taiwan voters."" President Tsai was aware of this concern, so about 3 months after the protest began in Hong Kong, President Tsai announced her position and view about the protests on her Twitter account: We stand with all freedom-loving people of #HongKong. In their faces, we see the longing for freedom, & are reminded that #Taiwan’s hard-earned democracy must be guarded & renewed by every generation. As long as I’m President, “one country, two systems” will never be an option. In January 2020, Tsai was re-elected to be the president of Taiwan. Domestically, the issue of independence has dominated Taiwanese politics for the past few decades. This is also a grave issue for mainland China. The creation of a Taiwanese state is formally the goal of the Taiwan Solidarity Union and former President Lee Teng-hui. Although the Democratic Progressive Party was originally also an advocate for both the idea of a Taiwanese state and Taiwan independence, they now take a middle line in which a sovereign, independent Taiwan is identified with the ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" and its symbols. This movement also has international significance, because the PRC has stated, or implied, that it will force reunification by taking military action against Taiwan under one of these five conditions: (1) Taiwan makes a formal declaration of independence, (2) Taiwan forges a military alliance with any foreign power, (3) internal turmoil arises in Taiwan, (4) Taiwan gains weapons of mass destruction, or (5) Taiwan shows no will to negotiate on the basis of ""one China"". The PRC government warned that if the situation in Taiwan were to become ""worse"", it will not look on ""indifferently"". Such a military action would pose the threat of a superpower conflict in East Asia. Under the terms of Taiwan Relations Act, United States shall provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character. However, Taiwan Relations Act does not oblige US to provide military intervention. While so, military intervention could still be sought should a formal declaration of war be made by the President of the United States in an act of Congress signed by the President. The questions of independence and the island's relationship to mainland China are complex and inspire very strong emotions among Taiwanese people. There are some who continue to maintain the KMT's position, which states that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (of which they consider Taiwan to be a part), and that the aim of the government should be eventual reunification of the mainland and Taiwan under the rule of the ROC. Some argue that Taiwan has been, and should continue to be, completely independent from China and should become a Taiwanese state with a distinct name. Then, there are numerous positions running the entire spectrum between these two extremes, as well as differing opinions on how best to manage either situation should it ever be realized. On 25 October 2004, in Beijing, the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said Taiwan is “not sovereign,” provoking strong comments from both the Pan-Green and Pan-Blue coalitions – but for very different reasons. From the DPP's side, President Chen declared that ""Taiwan is definitely a sovereign, independent country, a great country that absolutely does not belong to the People's Republic of China"". The TSU (Taiwan Solidarity Union) criticized Powell, and questioned why the US sold weapons to Taiwan if it were not a sovereign state. From the KMT, then Chairman Ma Ying-jeou announced, “the Republic of China has been a sovereign state ever since it was formed .” The pro-unification PFP Party Chairman, James Soong, called it “Taiwan's biggest failure in diplomacy.” The first view considers the move for Taiwan independence as a nationalist movement. Historically, this was view of such pro-independence groups as the Tangwai movement (which later grew into the Democratic Progressive Party) who argued that the ROC under the Kuomintang had been a ""foreign regime"" forcibly imposed on Taiwan. Since the 1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence no longer actively make this argument. Instead, the argument has been that, in order to survive the growing power of the PRC, Taiwan must view itself as a separate and distinct entity from “China.” Such a change in view involves: (1) removing the name of “China” from official and unofficial items in Taiwan, (2) changes in history books, which now portrays Taiwan as a central entity, (3) promoting the use of Hokkien Language in the government and in the education system, (4) reducing economic links with mainland China, and (5) promoting the general thinking that Taiwan is a separate entity. The goal of this movement is the eventual creation of a country where China is a foreign entity, and Taiwan is an internationally recognized country separate from any concept of “China."" The proposed ""state of Taiwan"" will exclude areas such as Quemoy and Matsu off the coast of Fujian, and some of the islands in the South China Sea, which historically were not part of Taiwan. Some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that the Treaty of San Francisco justifies Taiwan independence by not explicitly granting Taiwan to either the ROC or the PRC, even though neither the PRC nor the ROC government accepts such legal justification. It is also thought that if formal independence were declared, Taiwan's foreign policies would lean further towards Japan and the United States, and the desirable option of United Nations Trusteeship Council is also considered. The Taiwan Independence Party won a single seat in the Legislative Yuan in the 1998 legislative election. The Taiwan Solidarity Union was formed in 2001, and is also supportive of independence. Though it gained more legislative support than TAIP in elections, the TSU's legislative representation has dropped over time. In 2018, political parties and organizations demanding a referendum on Taiwan's independence formed an alliance to further their objective. The Formosa Alliance was established on 7 April 2018, prompted by a sense of crisis in the face of growing pressure from China for unification. The alliance wanted to hold a referendum on Taiwan's independence in April 2019, and change the island's name from the “Republic of China” to “Taiwan,” and apply for membership in the United Nations. In August 2019, another party supportive of independence, the Taiwan Action Party Alliance was founded. A second view is that Taiwan is already an independent nation with the official name “Republic of China,” which has been independent (i.e. de facto separate from mainland China/de jure separate from PRC) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, when the ROC lost control of mainland China, with only Taiwan (including the Penghu islands), Kinmen (Quemoy), the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian Province, and some of the islands in the South China Sea remaining under its administration. Although previously no major political faction adopted this pro-status quo viewpoint, because it is a ""compromise"" in face of PRC threats and American warnings against a unilateral declaration of independence, the DPP combined it with their traditional belief to form their latest official policy. This viewpoint has not been adopted by more radical groups such as the Taiwan Solidarity Union, which favor only the third view described above and are in favor of a Republic or State of Taiwan. In addition, many members of the Pan-Blue Coalition are rather suspicious of this view, fearing that adopting this definition of Taiwan independence is merely an insincere stealth tactical effort to advance desinicization and the third view of Taiwan independence. As a result, supporters of Pan-Blue tend to make a clear distinction between Taiwan independence and Taiwan sovereignty, while supporters of Pan-Green tend to try to blur the distinction between the two. Most Taiwanese and political parties of the ROC support the status quo, and recognize that this is de facto independence through sovereign self-rule. Even among those who believe Taiwan is and should remain independent, the threat of war from PRC softens their approach, and they tend to support maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing an ideological path that could result in war with the PRC. When President Lee Teng-hui put forth the two-states policy, he received 80% support. A similar situation arose when President Chen Shui-bian declared that there was ""one country on each side"" of the Taiwan Strait. To this day, the parties disagree, sometimes bitterly, on such things as territory, name (R.O.C. or Taiwan), future policies, and interpretations of history. The Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC believe that Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian are intent on publicly promoting a moderate form of Taiwan independence in order to advance secretly deeper forms of Taiwan independence, and that they intend to use popular support on Taiwan for political separation to advance notions of cultural and economic separation. The third view, put forward by the government of the PRC and Nationalists of the KMT, defines Taiwan independence as ""splitting Taiwan from China, causing division of the nation and the people. "" What PRC claims by this statement is somewhat ambiguous according to supporters of Taiwanese independence, as some statements by the PRC seem to identify China solely and uncompromisingly with the PRC. Others propose a broader and more flexible definition suggesting that both mainland China and Taiwan are parts that form one cultural and geographic entity, although divided politically as a vestige of the Chinese Civil War. The PRC considers itself the sole legitimate government of all China, and the ROC to be a defunct entity replaced in the Communist revolution that succeeded in 1949. Therefore, assertions that the ROC is a sovereign state are construed as support for Taiwan independence, so are proposals to change the name of the ROC. Such a name change is met with even more disapproval since it rejects Taiwan as part of the greater China entity (as one side of a still-unresolved Chinese civil war). The ROC used to be recognized by the UN as the sole legal government of China until 1971. In that year, the UN Resolution 2758 was passed, and the PRC became recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. During PRC President Hu Jintao's visit to the United States on 20 April 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush reaffirmed to the world that the U.S. would uphold its ""one China"" policy. Chinese nationalists have called the Taiwan independence movement and its supporters to be hanjian (traitors). In an opinion poll conducted in Taiwan by the Mainland Affairs Council in 2019, 27.7% of respondents supported Taiwan's independence: 21.7% said that the status quo has to be maintained for now but Taiwan should become independent in the future, while 6% said that independence must be declared as soon as possible. 31% of respondents supported the current situation as it is, and 10.3% agreed to unification with the mainland with 1.4% saying that it should happen as soon as possible. In a Taiwanese Public Opinion Foundation poll conducted in June 2020, 54% of respondents supported de jure independence for Taiwan, 23.4% preferred maintaining the status quo, 12.5% favored unification with China, and 10% did not hold any particular view on the matter. This represented the highest level of support for Taiwanese independence since the survey was first conducted in 1991. Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China",1
Botola,"Botola  2010-01-08T10:31:54Z  The Botola (Arabic: البطولة المغربية), is the top division of the Moroccan football league system, the highest football league in Morocco. The first edition of the Moroccan Football League under the FRMF was created in 1956/1957 just after the independence of Morocco, to replace the old Every year 16 teams are in race to have the perfect place in the end of competition. The two lowest placed teams are relegated to Botola 2 and the top two teams from Botola 2 are promoted in their place. Champion and runner up, participates on the African Champions League. The third placed and Coupe du Trône winner are qualified to participate on African Confederation Cup. Since 2000, Maroc Telecom is the official sponsor of the Botola for a 15 millions dirham/year contract. On September 2007, the SNRT Group (Al Aoula, 2M TV and Arryadiya) bought a three seasons contract for 225 millions dirhams. Each week, all games of the Botola are broadcasted on live by at least one TV channel. Wydad Casablanca have only 11 titles in the Botola. The 5 other titles were gained as french league championships title, which were orgaised by FFT (Fédération Française de Football) during the occupation of Morocco. start  end,  Botola  2011-11-14T00:53:11Z  The Botola (Arabic: البطولة المغربية), is the top division of the Moroccan football league system, the highest football league in Morocco. The first edition of the Moroccan Football League under the FRMF was created in 1956/1957 just after the independence of Morocco. Every year 16 teams are in race to have the perfect place in the end of competition. The two lowest placed teams are relegated to Botola 2 and the top two teams from Botola 2 are promoted in their place. Champion and runner up, participates on the African Champions League. The third placed and Coupe du Trône winner are qualified to participate on African Confederation Cup. Since 2000, Maroc Telecom is the official sponsor of the Botola for a 15 millions dirham/year contract. On September 2007, the SNRT Group (Al Aoula, 2M TV and Arryadia) bought a three seasons contract for 225 millions dirhams. Each week, all games of the Botola are broadcasted on live by at least one TV channel. The three most popular Moroccan clubs are Wydad Casablanca, Raja Casablanca and FAR Rabat. Other historically established sides include Maghreb Fez and Kawkab Marrakech. The following 16 clubs will compete in the Moroccan Pro League during the 2011–12 season. The recently opened Marrakech Stadium in Marrakech (capacity: 45,240) is currently mainly used for international competition, as it was constructed as part of Moroccan's failed bid to land the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Wydad Casablanca have 12 titles in the Botola plus 5 other titles gained as french league championships title (Moroccan football league), which were orgaised by FFF (Fédération Française de Football) during the occupation of Morocco.",1
Kilmarnock F.C.,"Kilmarnock F.C.  2006-01-01T18:29:35Z  Kilmarnock Football Club, founded in 1869 and nicknamed 'Killie' is the oldest professional football club in Scotland. Home matches are played at Rugby Park, Kilmarnock - an all-seater stadium built in the 90s by then chairman Robert Fleeting, with a capacity of 18,128. They are currently playing in the Scottish Premier League and are managed by Jim Jefferies. Traditional team colours are blue and white striped shirts, white shorts and socks. Kilmarnock's major honours include winning the Scottish Cup three times (1920, 1929 and 1997) and winning the Scottish League Championship in season 1964/65. They competed the 2004/05 season in the Scottish Premier League. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. ,  Kilmarnock F.C.  2007-12-24T23:01:42Z  Kilmarnock Football Club is a Scottish football team based in the town of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. Founded in 1869, ""Killie"" are the oldest professional club in Scotland. Home matches are played at Rugby Park. They are currently members of the Scottish Premier League and are managed by Jim Jefferies. The club's foundation dates to the very earliest days of organised football in Scotland, when a group of local cricketers looking for a sporting pursuit to occupy them outwith the cricket season formed a football club in 1869. Originally they played rugby rules, but the difficulty in organising fixtures and the growing influence of Queen's Park F.C. soon persuaded them to adopt the association code instead. These origins are reflected to this day by the name of the club's home ground - Rugby Park. Although not amongst the founder members of the Scottish Football Association in 1873, Kilmarnock did join in time to compete in the inaugural Scottish Cup tournament in 1873-74. Their 2-0 defeat against Renton in the First Round on October 18 1873 is thought to have been the first match ever played in the competition. Kilmarnock joined the Scottish League in 1895 and after winning consecutive Second Division titles were elected to the top flight for the first time in 1899. For much of their history they have been one of the most successful clubs based outwith Scotland's major cities. They have reached the Scottish Cup final eight times, winning the trophy on three occasions. Despite five appearances in the final , they have yet to lift the Scottish League Cup. The club's greatest success was in 1965 under the management of Willie Waddell. On the final day of the season, they travelled to face Hearts at Tynecastle requiring a victory by two goals to nil (due to the competition being decided by goal average at that period if teams were equal on points) to win the league at their opponents' expense. A memorable 2-0 win saw Kilmarnock crowned Scottish League champions for the first, and to date only, time. This capped a period of tremendous consistency which had seen them occupy runners-up spot in four of the previous five seasons. After a period of decline in the 1980s which saw the club relegated to the Second Division, Killie have returned to prominence, holding top division status since being promoted in 1993 and lifting the Scottish Cup for the third time in 1997 thanks to a 1-0 victory over Falkirk in the final. The club have qualified for European competitions on nine occasions, their best performance coming in the 1966-67 Fairs Cup tournament when they progressed to the Semi-Finals, eventually being eliminated by Leeds United. The club is also one of only a few Scottish clubs to have played in all 3 European competitions (European Cup, Cup Winner's Cup & UEfA cup). Killie finished the 2005/06 season in 5th position, after a tremendous season which at several points they seemed to be challenging for 3rd place. However, after selling top scorer Kris Boyd to Rangers in January 2006 (who was the catalyst for the Glasgow club's fine run in the second half of the season), Killie had to rely on goals from young attacking midfielder Steven Naismith, striker Colin Nish and winger Danny Invincibile. After taking only 1 point in the first four post-split games, Killie beat Hibernian 3-1 to leapfrog Aberdeen into 5th place. Kilmarnock started the 2006/07 season brightly despite losing 4-1 away to Celtic on the opening day. Young striker Steven Naismith scored a contender for goal of the season against Hibernian in August before going to Arsenal for a trial. Rangers dropped their first points to Killie in four years after a last-minute Naismith penalty earned a famous draw for Kilmarnock. In September Jefferies suffered his worst defeat as Killie manager after a 5-0 loss at Motherwell. Killie are ensured of a top 6 finish for the 2nd season in a row, whilst a tremendous run in the League Cup has ensured a place in the final. Rolf Harris and Steve Lima have recorded a special version of 'Fine Day' with the Killie Choir to celebrate the club reaching the final, and the song is now available for download. Unfortunately for Killie fans, their team was comprehensively beaten 5-1 in the final by Hibs. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. See also Category:Kilmarnock F.C. players  start  end",1
Ryan Bowman,"Ryan Bowman  2015-03-06T21:10:42Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays for Torquay United as a striker. Born in Carlisle, Cumbria, Bowman started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North side Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 games on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and signed a one-year professional contract during the summer of 2010. On 19 October 2010 Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of the 2010–11 season for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in the 2010–11 season before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed a sixth-month contract with Conference Premier side Darlington on 4 August 2011. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011 he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league games without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of the season on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 games as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on a one-year contract on 24 July 2012. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One side Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished the 2012–13 season as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two side York City on a two-year contract on 24 May 2013. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first game of the 2013–14 season. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished the 2013–14 season with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier team Torquay United on a two-year contract on 3 July 2014.,  Ryan Bowman  2016-12-17T19:47:44Z  Ryan Michael Bowman (born 30 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell. Born in Carlisle, Cumbria, Bowman started his career with hometown club Carlisle United, first being part of the Centre of Excellence before signing a Youth Training Scheme contract in 2008. He scored 22 goals in his second season at youth level to make him the top scorer for the under-18 team. After also impressing for the reserve team, Bowman joined Conference North club Workington on a one-month loan on 13 February 2010. He scored his first goal in the 1–0 win against Redditch United on 27 February 2010, with a volley in the fourth minute. Bowman scored two goals in 10 matches on loan with Workington before being recalled by Carlisle due to injuries. He made his first-team debut for Carlisle in a 3–1 victory at home to Bristol Rovers in League One on 2 April 2010, coming on as a substitute for Scott Dobie in the 89th minute. He made six appearances for Carlisle in the 2009–10 season. He was given the club's Youth Training Scheme Player of the Year award, and signed a one-year professional contract during the summer of 2010. On 19 October 2010, Bowman rejoined Workington on a one-month loan, and finished his second spell without scoring in eight appearances. The following calendar year on 1 January 2011, Bowman made his first appearance of 2010–11 for Carlisle, coming off the substitutes' bench in the 79th minute to replace Craig Curran in a 2–2 home draw with Huddersfield Town. He made two further substitute appearances in 2010–11 before being released by Carlisle on 4 May 2011. After impressing on trial, Bowman signed a sixth-month contract with Conference Premier club Darlington on 4 August 2011. He made his debut for Darlington in a 1–0 home win over Braintree Town on 13 August 2011, before scoring his first two goals on 29 August in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City. The first came after 29 seconds with a drilled low shot and scored the second from 17 yards, before assisting the third goal for John Campbell after pouncing on Joe Anyon's misplaced pass. On 29 October 2011 he scored his first ever goal in the FA Cup, during a 1–1 draw in the fourth qualifying round against Hinckley United. Darlington suffered financial difficulties during Bowman's time at the club and his contract was terminated on 16 January 2012, along with the rest of the playing squad and caretaker manager Craig Liddle, though the club retained their registrations so they were eligible to play on a non-contract basis. Bowman ended a run of 17 league matches without a goal after he scored the opening goal in the 3–1 loss away at Alfreton Town on 18 February 2012. He scored his last two goals for Darlington in the 3–1 home victory against Kettering Town on the final day of 2011–12 on 28 April 2012. Bowman scored 11 goals in 42 appearances as Darlington finished the season in the relegation zone, with the club being demoted to the Northern League. After a short trial with Hereford United, Bowman signed for the Conference Premier club on a one-year contract on 24 July 2012. Manager Martin Foyle commented that ""I just feel that's the type of player I'll have. Someone who is keen, hungry and who feels they have got a point to prove."" Bowman made a scoring debut with Hereford's last goal in the 89th minute of a 4–2 win at home to Ebbsfleet United on 25 August 2012. He scored two goals in Hereford's 3–1 home victory over League One team Shrewsbury Town in the FA Cup first round on 3 November 2012. He finished 2012–13 as Hereford's top scorer with 19 goals from 43 appearances. Having been offered a new contract by Hereford, Bowman signed for League Two club York City on 24 May 2013 on a two-year contract. With him being under 23 years of age, York would pay Hereford a compensation fee, which was set at £20,000 by a tribunal. Bowman made his debut as a 78th-minute substitute for Sander Puri in a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. His first goals for York came with two headers in a 2–2 away draw with Cheltenham Town on 2 November 2013. Bowman played in both play-off matches against Fleetwood Town, entering the first as a 62nd-minute substitute for Ryan Brobbel and starting the second, although York were eliminated 1–0 on aggregate. He finished 2013–14 with 43 appearances and eight goals. Despite having one year remaining on his contract at York, Bowman was allowed to sign for newly relegated Conference Premier team Torquay United on a two-year contract on 3 July 2014. Bowman signed for Torquay's National League rivals Gateshead on 17 July 2015 for an undisclosed fee. On 31 August 2016, Bowman signed for Scottish Premiership club Motherwell for an undisclosed fee, agreeing a two-year contract. He made his debut on 10 September 2016, as Motherwell drew 1–1 away to Ross County.",1
David_East_(police_officer),"David_East_(police_officer)  2009-09-27T10:24:23Z   David East QPM LLB (born Llanelli), was the Chief Constable of South Wales Police, and former Secretary of the Welsh Rugby Union. Born in Wales, East made his way through the police force, becoming Deputy Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall Police, where in 1979 he co-founded the force rugby club. East was appointed Chief Constable of South Wales Police in 1983. During the UK miners' strike (1984–1985), East was Chief Constable of South Wales Police. Much as though the area was a key coal production area, Evans careful policing meant that the area suffered few of the industrial relations problems associated with others areas of the British Isles. One of the key decsions East made was to address the problem of transporting coal from Llanwern to Port Talbot as a transport issue, running daily convoy's of 140 trucks escorted by police cars and motorcycle outriders - none were stopped, and because Evans refused to use riot gear clothed police none were attacked. East was also the Chief Constable in charge of investigation of the most serious incident during the Miners Strike. On November 30, 1984, a concrete block was dropped on the car of taxi driver and father of four David Wilkie, killing him instantly. Political leaders united in condemning the killing - Labour's Neil Kinnock called it an ""atrocity"" and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher said it was ""an utterly despicable deed"". A court in Cardiff convicted 21 year old miners Dean Hancock and Russell Shanklin of Wilkie's murder, later reduced on appeal to manslaughter. After a fierce campaign for their release led by the NUM's Arthur Scargill and Labour MP Tony Benn, the men were released on 30 November 1989 - the fifth anniversary of David Wilkie's death. East became Secretary to the Welsh Rugby Union in the early 1990's, but only survived in the post for six months, resigning after the boards decision to let and invitational Wales team tour South Africa. Evans would later pit himself forward for a number of committee and managing roles within the WRU, laterly beaten to the role of President of the WRU by Keith Rowlands to suceed Sir Tasker Watkins in August 2004, after which he resigned from all positions he held with the WRU. East and his wife Gloria live at Ogmore-by-Sea. East is involved with with both the Bridgend Male Voice Choir, and the Llantwit Major Rugby Club. {{DEFAULTSORT:Evans, David}} ] ] ],  David_East_(police_officer)  2010-04-13T12:50:18Z   David East QPM LLB (born Llanelli), was the Chief Constable of South Wales Police, and former Secretary of the Welsh Rugby Union. Born in Wales, East made his way through the police force, becoming Deputy Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall Police, where in 1979 he co-founded the force rugby club. East was appointed Chief Constable of South Wales Police in 1983. During the UK miners' strike (1984–1985), East was Chief Constable of South Wales Police. Much as though the area was a key coal production area, East's careful policing meant that the area suffered few of the industrial relations problems associated with others areas of the British Isles. One of the key decisions East made was to address the problem of transporting coal from Llanwern to Port Talbot as a transport issue, running daily convoy's of 140 trucks escorted by police cars and motorcycle outriders - none were stopped, and because East refused to use riot gear clothed police, none were attacked. East was also the Chief Constable in charge of investigation of the most serious incident during the Miners Strike. On November 30, 1984, a concrete block was dropped on the car of taxi driver and father of four David Wilkie, killing him instantly. Political leaders united in condemning the killing - Labour's Neil Kinnock called it an ""atrocity"" and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher said it was ""an utterly despicable deed"". A court in Cardiff convicted 21 year old miners Dean Hancock and Russell Shanklin of Wilkie's murder, later reduced on appeal to manslaughter. After a fierce campaign for their release led by the NUM's Arthur Scargill and Labour MP Tony Benn, the men were released on 30 November 1989 - the fifth anniversary of David Wilkie's death. East became Secretary to the Welsh Rugby Union in the early 1990s, but only survived in the post for six months, resigning after the boards decision to let an invitational Wales team tour South Africa. East would later pit himself forward for a number of committee and managing roles within the WRU, laterly beaten to the role of President of the WRU by Keith Rowlands to succeed Sir Tasker Watkins in August 2004, after which he resigned from all positions he held with the WRU. East and his wife Gloria live at Ogmore-by-Sea. East is involved with both the Bridgend Male Voice Choir, and the Llantwit Major Rugby Club.",0
Elias Toufexis,"Elias Toufexis  2011-01-06T18:53:43Z  Elias Toufexis is a theater, television and film actor. Toufexis started out as a stage actor. He has written and performed in numerous plays in New York, Vancouver and Montreal. He has also written and performed in sketch comedy shows throughout his career. He has been in such films and TV shows as Supernatural, The Five People You Meet In Heaven, Dead Like Me, Smallville, Blade The Series His theatre credits include playing Hamlet in Hamlet, Cassius in Julius Caesar, and roles in 7 Stories, Pericles , Problem Child , Refuge, A Midsummer Night's Dream. He has been in the video games Need for Speed: Carbon, Rainbow Six Vegas 2, Assassin's Creed, Deus Ex 3, Splinter Cell: Conviction, Assassin's Creed II, Max Steel: Bio Hazard, Max Steel: Dark Rival and End War. He is the actor who portrays the main character of Adam Jensen in the popular Deus Ex: Human Revolution video game. Elias has stated publicly that he is a fan of the Deus Ex franchise. He is a prominent voice actor performing in multiple cartoons, video games and dozens of radio commercials. His raspy deep voice is his trademark. Toufexis was voted number #9 best actor from Montreal in The Montreal Mirror in 2004. In 2005 he was voted #3. He was voted #9 in 2006, #4 in 2007 and #6 in 2009. Toufexis was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He acts in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. ,  Elias Toufexis  2012-12-30T18:55:45Z  Elias Toufexis (born October 27, 1975) is a theater, voice-over, motion capture and television and film actor. He is half Greek, part Scottish and German. Toufexis is best known for his appearances on the TV series Smallville and Supernatural and for playing Scipio in Alphas . He is also known for his work in videogames, particularly as Andriy Kobin in Splinter Cell: Conviction and as Adam Jensen in Deus Ex: Human Revolution. He graduated with a DEC in Theatre from Dawson College in Montreal in 2000. In 2001 he went to New York City and attempted to make a career for himself. After a little over a year and a handful of off-on Broadway and fringe festival plays, he returned to Montreal broke. He managed to get himself an audition for Canadian science fiction comedy film Decoys, landing the second lead role of Roger. The film was not successful but it gave him enough money to move out to Vancouver, Canada and pursue acting there. Elias landed small roles at first and then he booked the role of Morton in The Five People You Meet In Heaven based on Mitch Albom's book. He got to work closely with Jon Voight, Michael Imperioli and Jeff Daniels. He has been quoted as saying ""I never learned as much about what acting is in three years of theatre school as I did from three weeks working with these actors"" He then played Webber in a popular episode of Supernatural. Webber was an ""evil twin with mind control powers"" and it was a very well liked (or disliked) character. He followed that with his second appearance on Smallville (the first was a one line walk on) as the character Bronson, who could travel between radio frequencies and kidnaps Lex Luthor. His third character on Smallville was Emil Lasalle a.k.a. Warp. A member of the Suicide Squad from DC Comics. He has played the ""villain of the week"" on shows like The Listener, Painkiller Jane, Flashpoint, Flash Gordon, Stargate Atlantis and Lost Girl. He started his video game voice-over and performance capture career in 2007 with Rainbow Six: Vegas 2. He has since worked on multiple video games including some motion capture. His two most popular characters are Andriy Kobin and Adam Jensen. Kobin is one of the villains in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction and has a cult following due to Elias' manic and funny performance. Adam Jensen is the main character in Deus Ex: Human Revolution. He has publicly stated that he is a fan of the Deus Ex series and has played the original. He is playing a role as a recurring villain on the SyFy Networks television show ""Alphas"" in its second season. -Selected Filmography",1
Ash Taylor,"Ash Taylor  2020-01-20T01:54:59Z  Ashton John Taylor (born 2 September 1990) is a footballer and a former Wales under-21 squad member, who plays as a defender for Aberdeen. He began his career with Tranmere Rovers, and during his time there had a loan spell at Colwyn Bay. He later played for Scottish club Aberdeen before moving to English club Northampton Town for two years, after which he re-signed for Aberdeen. Taylor started his footballing career at Tranmere Rovers as a youth team player at the age of 10. In the summer of 2007, he signed as a first-year scholar at Tranmere Rovers. In January 2009, Taylor signed his first professional contract with the club. He joined Colwyn Bay on loan in 2009, where he made a total of 14 appearances. Whilst on loan, Taylor scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win over Lancaster City in the Northern Premier League Division One North in March 2009. Following his return from Colwyn Bay, Taylor made his first team debut in a League One match against Scunthorpe United, a 1–1 away draw on 2 May 2009, replacing Antony Kay as a substitute in the 89th minute. At the start of the 2009–10 season, Taylor signed a twelve-month contract extension keeping him at the club until 2011. He scored his first goal for Tranmere in a 1–0 win at Leyton Orient in the FA Cup First Round in November 2009. His first league goal came on 26 January 2010, as Tranmere beat Yeovil Town 2–1. In February 2010, Taylor sustained a hamstring injury that kept him out for three weeks. He made his return, in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers on 15 March 2010. After making his return, Taylor continued to make more appearances and went on to make thirty-three appearances. At the end of the season he won Tranmere's ""Young Player of The Season"" award for the 2009–10 season. On 21 May 2010, he extended his contract by another year, until 2012. Taylor missed the first the half of the 2010–11 season when he damaged his cartilage in training, requiring an operation that would keep him out of action for ""four to six weeks at best and up to three months if the damage to a cartilage requires a full repair."" He returned to training and started his rehabilitation process in September 2010. Following his return, Manager Les Parry praised Taylor for his recovery. After being on the bench for three matches since his return, Taylor made his first appearance of the season, in the Football League Trophy Northern Area final, as Tranmere lost 2–0 to Huddersfield Town. After the match, Taylor said he was surprised to have been selected having initially expected to play a reserve match before making his return Following his 50th appearance for the club, Manager Parry said that he believed Taylor had the potential to become the next captain of Tranmere Rovers. In Tranmere's opening match of the 2011–12 season Taylor scored the equalizer in a 1–1 draw with Port Vale in the first round of the Northern section of the Football League Trophy. With the scores level after extra–time the match went to a penalty shootout where Taylor scored the winning penalty as Tranmere won 4–2. He scored his first league goal of the season, on 17 September 2011, as Tranmere won 2–1 against Wycombe Wanderers. In the second round of the Football League Trophy, Taylor scored Tranmere's first goal in the match against Accrington Stanley, but the game was later abandoned after 39 minutes following a serious injury to Accrington's Tom Bender. In the rematch on 13 October 2011, Taylor scored from a free kick, in a 1–0 win to send Tranmere through to the next round. Taylor's season ended early when he missed the final two league matches due to a calcium problem. Taylor made thirty-seven league appearances during the season, scoring twice. He also played 3607 minutes in all competitions. On 8 May 2012, Taylor signed a new two-year contract with Tranmere. He scored his first goal of the 2012–13 season in a 2–2 draw against Portsmouth on 7 December 2012. Then, his second goal of the season came on 23 February 2013, in a 5–1 victory over Colchester United. Taylor made forty-four league appearances, missing two others while on international duty with Wales Under-21s. On 23 November 2013, Taylor received a straight red card in the second half against Coventry City after a foul on Franck Moussa, despite that Tranmere won the match 5–1. Afterwards Tranmere Manager Ronnie Moore said he was disappointed with Taylor's challenge and decided against appealing the decision. Following his return, it took time for Taylor to score his first goal of the season, it came on 29 December 2013, in a 3–1 victory over Sheffield United. He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Preston North End on 8 February 2014. After the match, Taylor expressed his disappointment with the result. Taylor scored his third goal, on 22 March 2014, in a 3–2 loss against Port Vale. With Tranmere in a relegation fight, Taylor remained confident that the club would remain in League One, however on the final day of the season a home defeat against Bradford City and results elsewhere meant they were relegated to Football League Two. At the end of the season, Taylor was among five players to be offered a new contract. Taylor signed for Scottish Premiership side Aberdeen on 28 May 2014. He made his debut for the club on 11 July 2014, against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round second leg. On his league debut in the opening game of the season against Dundee United, he was criticised when his pass back to his goalkeeper was intercepted by Ryan Dow who went on to score as Aberdeen lost 3–0. Taylor scored his first goal for the Dons in a 4–0 win against Livingston in the Scottish League Cup. Taylor began to find his form from then on in and scored his first league goal in a 3–0 win against Hamilton Academical. On 15 January 2015, Taylor extended his contract with the club until 2017. Just a week after signing new contract, Taylor suffered a knee injury and had to be substituted in the 63rd minute during a 3–3 draw against Dundee. As a result, Taylor had a surgery on his knee and was out for two months. After making his return, coming as a substitute in a 4–0 loss against Celtic, Taylor scored his second goal in the next game, in a 2–1 win over Motherwell on 13 March 2015. His third goal later came on 8 April 2015, in a 1–0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Taylor made 37 appearances in all competitions as Aberdeen finished second and qualified for European Football for the second season running. At the end of the 2016–17 season, Aberdeen confirmed that Taylor would be leaving the club after playing a total of 100 league appearances. On 5 July 2017, Taylor signed a three-year contract with EFL League One club Northampton Town. He was one of 3 transfer-listed by Northampton at the end of the 2018–19 season; a further 8 were released. On 4 June 2019, Taylor re-signed with Aberdeen on a two-year deal. Taylor represented Wales under-19 in the Milk Cup in 2009. He was named in the Wales Under-21 squad for the friendly match against Austria on 18 May 2010. Two years later, he was selected again for Wales Under-21 squad for the qualifying match against Andorra where he made his debut, coming on as a substitute in the 57th minute, in a 4–0 win. He attended South Wirral High School and grew up in Eastham, Wirral. In 2014, he was engaged to model India Lea and planned to marry in Italy before his contract with Aberdeen began. ,  Ash Taylor  2021-12-06T23:41:59Z  Ashton John Taylor (born 2 September 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Walsall. He began his career with Tranmere Rovers, and during his time there had a loan spell at Colwyn Bay. He later played for Scottish club Aberdeen before moving to English club Northampton Town for two years, after which he re-signed for Aberdeen. He has represented Wales at youth international level. Taylor started his footballing career at Tranmere Rovers as a youth team player at the age of 10. In the summer of 2007, he signed as a first-year scholar at Tranmere Rovers. In January 2009, Taylor signed his first professional contract with the club. He joined Colwyn Bay on loan in 2009, where he made a total of 14 appearances. Whilst on loan, Taylor scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win over Lancaster City in the Northern Premier League Division One North in March 2009. Following his return from Colwyn Bay, Taylor made his first team debut in a League One match against Scunthorpe United, a 1–1 away draw on 2 May 2009, replacing Antony Kay as a substitute in the 89th minute. At the start of the 2009–10 season, Taylor signed a twelve-month contract extension keeping him at the club until 2011. He scored his first goal for Tranmere in a 1–0 win at Leyton Orient in the FA Cup First Round in November 2009. His first league goal came on 26 January 2010, as Tranmere beat Yeovil Town 2–1. In February 2010, Taylor sustained a hamstring injury that kept him out for three weeks. He made his return, in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers on 15 March 2010. After making his return, Taylor continued to make more appearances and went on to make thirty-three appearances. At the end of the season he won Tranmere's ""Young Player of The Season"" award for the 2009–10 season. On 21 May 2010, he extended his contract by another year, until 2012. Taylor missed the first the half of the 2010–11 season when he damaged his cartilage in training, requiring an operation that would keep him out of action for ""four to six weeks at best and up to three months if the damage to a cartilage requires a full repair."" He returned to training and started his rehabilitation process in September 2010. Following his return, Manager Les Parry praised Taylor for his recovery. After being on the bench for three matches since his return, Taylor made his first appearance of the season, in the Football League Trophy Northern Area final, as Tranmere lost 2–0 to Huddersfield Town. After the match, Taylor said he was surprised to have been selected having initially expected to play a reserve match before making his return Following his 50th appearance for the club, Manager Parry said that he believed Taylor had the potential to become the next captain of Tranmere Rovers. In Tranmere's opening match of the 2011–12 season Taylor scored the equalizer in a 1–1 draw with Port Vale in the first round of the Northern section of the Football League Trophy. With the scores level after extra–time the match went to a penalty shootout where Taylor scored the winning penalty as Tranmere won 4–2. He scored his first league goal of the season, on 17 September 2011, as Tranmere won 2–1 against Wycombe Wanderers. In the second round of the Football League Trophy, Taylor scored Tranmere's first goal in the match against Accrington Stanley, but the game was later abandoned after 39 minutes following a serious injury to Accrington's Tom Bender. In the rematch on 13 October 2011, Taylor scored from a free kick, in a 1–0 win to send Tranmere through to the next round. Taylor's season ended early when he missed the final two league matches due to a calcium problem. Taylor made thirty-seven league appearances during the season, scoring twice. He also played 3607 minutes in all competitions. On 8 May 2012, Taylor signed a new two-year contract with Tranmere. He scored his first goal of the 2012–13 season in a 2–2 draw against Portsmouth on 7 December 2012. Then, his second goal of the season came on 23 February 2013, in a 5–1 victory over Colchester United. Taylor made forty-four league appearances, missing two others while on international duty with Wales Under-21s. On 23 November 2013, Taylor received a straight red card in the second half against Coventry City after a foul on Franck Moussa, despite that Tranmere won the match 5–1. Afterwards Tranmere Manager Ronnie Moore said he was disappointed with Taylor's challenge and decided against appealing the decision. Following his return, it took time for Taylor to score his first goal of the season, it came on 29 December 2013, in a 3–1 victory over Sheffield United. He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Preston North End on 8 February 2014. After the match, Taylor expressed his disappointment with the result. Taylor scored his third goal, on 22 March 2014, in a 3–2 loss against Port Vale. With Tranmere in a relegation fight, Taylor remained confident that the club would remain in League One, however on the final day of the season a home defeat against Bradford City and results elsewhere meant they were relegated to Football League Two. At the end of the season, Taylor was among five players to be offered a new contract. Taylor signed for Scottish Premiership side Aberdeen on 28 May 2014. He made his debut for the club on 11 July 2014, against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round second leg. On his league debut in the opening game of the season against Dundee United, he was criticised when his pass back to his goalkeeper was intercepted by Ryan Dow who went on to score as Aberdeen lost 3–0. Taylor scored his first goal for the Dons in a 4–0 win against Livingston in the Scottish League Cup. Taylor began to find his form from then on in and scored his first league goal in a 3–0 win against Hamilton Academical. On 15 January 2015, Taylor extended his contract with the club until 2017. Just a week after signing new contract, Taylor suffered a knee injury and had to be substituted in the 63rd minute during a 3–3 draw against Dundee. As a result, Taylor had a surgery on his knee and was out for two months. After making his return, coming as a substitute in a 4–0 loss against Celtic, Taylor scored his second goal in the next game, in a 2–1 win over Motherwell on 13 March 2015. His third goal later came on 8 April 2015, in a 1–0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Taylor made 37 appearances in all competitions as Aberdeen finished second and qualified for European Football for the second season running. At the end of the 2016–17 season, Aberdeen confirmed that Taylor would be leaving the club after playing a total of 100 league appearances. On 5 July 2017, Taylor signed a three-year contract with EFL League One club Northampton Town. He was one of 3 transfer-listed by Northampton at the end of the 2018–19 season; a further 8 were released. On 4 June 2019, Taylor re-signed with Aberdeen on a two-year deal. On 7 July 2021, Taylor joined League Two side Walsall on a two-year deal. Taylor represented Wales under-19 in the Milk Cup in 2009. He was named in the Wales Under-21 squad for the friendly match against Austria on 18 May 2010. Two years later, he was selected again for Wales Under-21 squad for the qualifying match against Andorra where he made his debut, coming on as a substitute in the 57th minute, in a 4–0 win. He attended South Wirral High School and grew up in Eastham, Wirral. In 2014, he was engaged to model India Lea and planned to marry in Italy before his contract with Aberdeen began.",1
HMNZS_Pukaki_(2008),"HMNZS_Pukaki_(2008)  2009-10-10T02:31:22Z   Economical speed 12 knots (22 km/h) HMNZS Pukaki (P3568) is a Protector-class inshore patrol boat of the Royal New Zealand Navy. Pukaki was launched in Whangarei Harbour on 6th May, 2008. Its primary duties include border and fisheries protection patrols, surveillance, boarding operations and search and rescue response. Pukaki is the third ship of this name to serve in the Royal New Zealand Navy and is named after Lake Pukaki. This article about a specific naval ship or boat is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  HMNZS_Pukaki_(2008)  2012-07-09T02:23:31Z   HMNZS Pukaki (P3568) is a Protector-class inshore patrol boat of the Royal New Zealand Navy. Pukaki was launched in Whangarei Harbour on 6 May 2008. Its primary duties include border and fisheries protection patrols, surveillance, boarding operations and search and rescue response. Pukaki is the third ship of this name to serve in the Royal New Zealand Navy and is named after Lake Pukaki. This article about a specific naval ship or boat is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Cyanide (company),"Cyanide (company)  2007-09-20T13:10:00Z  A game development studio, based in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Created in 2000 by 8 ex-UbiSoft employees, the studio now counts 70 employees with offices in Montreal, Canada and Chengdu, China. Best known for its sport management sims (Pro Cycling Manager, Horse Racing Manager and Pro Rugby Manager), Cyanide broke the mould with its 2004 release of its heroic fantasy/RTS game, Chaos League. In 2007 the studio released its seventh edition of Pro Cycling Manager as well as an action/RPG called Loki. ,  Cyanide (company)  2008-09-22T13:37:54Z  Cyanide is a game development studio, based in the western suburbs of Paris, France, with offices in Montreal, Canada and Chengdu, China. The studio was created in 2000 by 8 ex-UbiSoft employees and in 2007 has a headcount of 70. It both develops and offers engineering services for the Sony PSP and PS2, the Nintendo Wii and DS, the Microsoft Xbox 360 as well as the Windows PC platforms. Best known for its sport management sims (Pro Cycling Manager, Horse Racing Manager and Pro Rugby Manager), Cyanide broke the mould with its 2004 release of a heroic fantasy/RTS game, Chaos League. In June 2007 the studio released its seventh edition of Pro Cycling Manager as well as an action/RPG called Loki. In September 2007 the studio released its first PSP title, called Pro Cycling. On November 14, 2007, Cyanide announced they would be remaking Blood Bowl for the Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, and PlayStation Portable.",1
1st_Prince,"1st_Prince  2015-02-24T02:13:55Z   1st Prince was an electoral district in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993. The district comprised the westernmost portion of Prince County. Communities in the district included Alberton and Tignish. When the provincial electoral districts were reorganized into conventional single-member districts in 1996, 1st Prince was replaced by the districts of Tignish-DeBlois, Alberton-Miminegash and West Point-Bloomfield. ,  1st_Prince  2016-05-09T14:46:13Z   1st Prince was an electoral district in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993. The district comprised the westernmost portion of Prince County. Communities in the district included Alberton and Tignish. When the provincial electoral districts were reorganized into conventional single-member districts in 1996, 1st Prince was replaced by the districts of Tignish-DeBlois, Alberton-Miminegash and West Point-Bloomfield.",0
John_Bucchino,"John_Bucchino  2007-11-23T16:38:28Z   John Bucchino is an American composer. He has done work for several off-Broadway shows and highly acclaimed concerts but is to make his Broadway debut work with A Catered Affair. The production has received mixed reviews in it's Seattle try-out and is set for a Broadway run in April with previews in March. For the piece, Bucchino has partnerd with four time Tony Award-winner Harvey Fierstein who has written the book and will star. Bucchino has released several successful CDs with his music and despite never composing a Broadway show before with work has been featured in reviews and concerts on Broadway. He is goof friends with fellow composer Academy Award-winner Stephen Schwartz. ,  John_Bucchino  2008-09-18T11:25:10Z   John Bucchino is an American composer. He has done work for several off-Broadway shows and highly acclaimed concerts but is to make his Broadway debut work with A Catered Affair. The production has received mixed reviews in its Seattle try-out and is set for a Broadway run in April 2008 with previews in March. For the piece, Bucchino has partnered with four time Tony Award-winner Harvey Fierstein who has written the book and will star. Bucchino has released several successful CDs with his music and despite never composing a Broadway show before his work has been featured in revues and concerts on Broadway. He is good friends with fellow composer Academy Award-winner Stephen Schwartz.",0
FK Sloboda Užice,"FK Sloboda Užice  2014-01-12T19:24:01Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице, English: Sloboda Užice Football Club), or simply Sloboda Užice or Sloboda, is a professional Serbian football club from Užice. The name Sloboda means freedom or liberty in Serbian. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice′s workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928–29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936–37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year latter, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962–63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on 19 February 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the 1987–88 season by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991–92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Serbian League (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced its merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club plays in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on 13 October 2011. They finished the 2011-12 Serbian SuperLiga season fifth and almost achieved Europa League qualifications. The 2012–13 Sloboda Užice season was the same they finished fifth for the second year straight. Also the 12-13 season will be remembered as the negative tradition breaking season. They won against FK Rad at home after 30 years, they achieved their first ever win over Serbian giants Red Star Belgrade away at Marakana, they won against FK Radnički Niš on Čair for the first time and they also won against FK Radnički 1923 away after 47 years. The Užice City stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. In July 2013 it was announced that the stadium will have reflectors for the first time in club history. The first game under the reflectors was played against Partizan on September 14, 2013. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as Freedom Fighters (Serbian: Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also Slobodaši. They express their love for their city, club and region with lots of creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is "" Sloboda počinje"", which translates to ""Freedom begins"". Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For recent transfers,  For summer transfers,  As of 10 August 2013 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players. List of coaches. Other:,  FK Sloboda Užice  2015-12-11T18:49:52Z  Fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице), or simply Sloboda Užice or Sloboda, is a professional Serbian football club from Užice. The name Sloboda means freedom or liberty in Serbian. The club was founded through the initiative of Užice′s workers in 1925, as part of the sports society named URSK Sloboda (Užički radnički sportski klub Sloboda, English: Užice's worker's sport klub Sloboda). The founders were communist activists Miloš Marković (who was two years earlier the founder of Radnički Niš) and Josip Šiber. From the very beginning, football had a priority over other sports in the newly founded sports society. The first official match was played on 24 June 1926 against Mladi Radnik from Kragujevac ending in a 2–2 draw. In the 1928–29 season, the club began participating in the regional Western Morava county league, along with other area clubs such as FK Era from Užice, Car Lazar and Obilić from Kruševac, Ibar from Kraljevo, Jedinstvo from Čačak and Takovo from Gornji Milanovac. In 1929, the club officially got accepted under the umbrella of the Yugoslav Football Association as well as the Worker's Sports Union. Due to financial difficulties, the club didn't compete in the early 1930s, playing only friendly matches. The club scaled down its football activities in this period, turning its focus towards politics. Due to its ties to worker unions, the club got infiltrated by members and sympathizers of the banned Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ), becoming in essence the focal point for communist activity in the city of Užice. Authorities reacted by forcing the club to drop the term ""radnički"" (reference to workers) from its name in early 1932. For the May Day that year, Sloboda's co-founder Josip Šiber placed the Red flag on the club's facilities. While the authorities conducted an investigation into the event, the flag re-appeared on the cliff overlooking the city. In December 1932, Sloboda ended up losing its license by the national police of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was forced to shut down because of ""spreading communist ideas"". Soon after, the club resumed its activities under new name – USK Građanski (Užički sportski klub Građanski) – which was the authorities' attempt to distance the club from its ties to workers as well as fostering a new civic identity. FK Era, the other club from the city, merged into Građanski. In the 1936–37 season, Građanski became champion of the regional Western Morava county league, but still failed to qualify to the national level second-tier Yugoslav Second League, losing the playoff tie. During those qualification matches, the club supporters traveled by bus to Kragujevac to support their team against the local club Erdoglija in what is considered to be the first supporters trip outside Užice. In 1938, the club was again banned by the authorities, but a year latter, the ban got lifted, and the club continued this time under yet another new name Budućnost. However, the Second World War began soon. During the occupation of the country by Axis forces, the club didn't have any activity, and most of its players participated in fighting to liberate the country. Many of them perished during the war. On 5 May 1945, the club was reestablished under its original name Sloboda, which means freedom (or liberty) in Serbian, and was now named FK Sloboda Titovo Užice (City of Užice was renamed to Titovo Užice). Next year the club won the local league and played for several years in the regional Serbian League. After the restructure of the football association, it became a member of the Kragujevac sub-division of the football federation. Until 1947, the club played its matches on the field in Krčagovo, but from then on began playing in a new stadium in Begluk, where under floodlights played its first night match against Metalac Belgrade. In 1956, the club reached its greatest achievement until then, by playing in the so-called IV Zone League (one of the 5 leagues forming the Yugoslav Second League) among other teams like Radnički Niš, Radnički Kragujevac, Rabotnički Skopje, Pobeda Prilep, Trepča Kosovska Mitrovica and others. The club suffered relegation after that season, but in that period it managed to accomplish some stability as regular participant in the Kragujevac Association League. In the 1962–63 season, Sloboda played the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League against FK Bor, and after each team winning its home matches by 2–0, the final was played in Belgrade´s JNA stadium, where it failed to win. It was finally in its fourth attempt, in 1965, that the club managed to qualify to the Yugoslav Second League as second-place team in the Serbian League group South. In the qualifications it managed to overcome Belgrade's Železnik and Tetovo's Teteks. One of the club's most memorable nights during this period came on 19 February 1967, when the club held Yugoslavia's most successful club, Red Star Belgrade to a 1–1 draw in the Yugoslav Cup before losing 1–2 in extra time in front of 14,000 spectators. The following two seasons are remembered by the fans as the most successful until then. The club managed to conclude the first half of the championship in first place in both seasons, but on both occasions failed to reach the First League qualifications at the end. Following this period, the league was restructured and some poor results saw the club drop down to the Serbian League (Yugoslav 3rd tier) where they remained until 1980, when it was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League East (the Second League was back then divided into two groups, East and West). Promotion was achieved with a crushing win over FK Topličanin by 5–0. In this period the club achieved stability, and in the 1987–88 season by finishing in the top half of the league table achieved qualification to the newly formed unified Second League. In this period, the late 1980s, the level of football played in Yugoslavia is by many considered the best ever. In the 1991–92 season, the club was at the top of the Second League for a long period, but at the end failed to gain promotion to the top league, achieving that in the following season, 1992–93 and qualified to play in the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the 1993–94 time. Despite wins in Čačak against Borac by 4–1, and in Pljevlja against Rudar by 1–0, because of the restructuring of the league it only played in 1995 against the best teams of the First League. In June 1995, it managed to stay in the First League by winning in the promotion/relegation matches the Second League FK Novi Pazar in Novi Pazar in a penalty shoot-out. The following season, 1995–96 it ended in 4th place in the B First League, qualifying to play in the A First League in the second part of the championship. But, at the end, it finished last, despite wins against Proleter Zrenjanin and Mladost Lučani. In the following seasons the club suffered a series of relegations, and despite few participations in the Second League, the club ended up mostly playing in the Serbian League (third national tier) during the 2000s. In 2010 the club announced its merged with FK Sevojno, which had just been promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga, and from then the club plays in the SuperLiga, under the new name FK Sloboda Point Sevojno, until the name Sloboda Užice was restored as the club's official name on 13 October 2011. In their first ever season,in highest tier of Serbian football,they finished sixth,9 places off the releagation zone. They finished the 2011-12 Serbian SuperLiga season fifth and almost achieved Europa League qualifications. The 2012–13 Sloboda Užice season was the same they finished fifth for the second year straight. Also the 12–13 season will be remembered as the negative tradition breaking season. They won against FK Rad at home after 30 years, they achieved their first ever win over Serbian giants Red Star Belgrade away at Marakana, they won against FK Radnički Niš on Čair for the first time and they also won against FK Radnički 1923 away after 47 years. The following season the club got relegated from the SuperLiga on the final matchday after a 1–0 loss to Voždovac at home. The Užice City stadium is a multi-purpose stadium and Sloboda's home ground. The stadium has a capacity of 14,000 spectators. In July 2013 it was announced that the stadium will have floodlights for the first time in club history. The first game under the floodlights was played against Partizan on September 14, 2013. The organized supporters of Sloboda Užice are known as Freedom Fighters (Serbian: Borci za slobodu). The members of Freedom Fighters call themselves also Slobodaši. They express their love for their city, club and region with lots of creative activities. The Slobodaši hold firmly to Serbian traditional values and are known as real supporters where sporting spirit is a priority. They are also well known for their fair behavior in the stands and their commitment to humanitarian aid. The basis of their support mainly includes chants, the use of flags, choreography and the display of banners. A well-known slogan of the Freedom Fighters is "" Sloboda počinje"", which translates to ""Freedom begins"". Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. As of 14 August 2015 For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see: Category:FK Sloboda Užice players. List of coaches. Other:",1
"Edwina,_the_Dinosaur_Who_Didn't_Know_She_Was_Extinct","Edwina,_the_Dinosaur_Who_Didn't_Know_She_Was_Extinct  2022-07-14T21:34:59Z   Edwina, the Dinosaur Who Didn't Know She Was Extinct is a children's picture book by Mo Willems. It was released in 2006 by Hyperion Books. In the book, Edwina the dinosaur is well loved by the people of her town due to her acts of kindness. However, a boy named Reginald Von Hoobie-Doobie tries to convince everyone that dinosaurs are supposed to be extinct. Eventually, Edwina appeases him with a fresh batch of cookies. In 2011, Weston Woods Studios released an animated version of the book, with Willems as the voice of Reginald. The book was well-received, winning a National Parenting Publications Award in 2006. Steve Johnson of the Wichita Eagle declared, ""Willems has written a unique story every bit as good as the classic Danny and the Dinosaur. His illustrations are playful with bright colors and bold expressions. "" Lana Berkowitz of the Houston Chronicle called it ""a winner"", while The Courier-Journal's Jill Johnson Keeney said it was a ""worthy successor"" to Willems' earlier books, such as Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! and Knuffle Bunny: A Cautionary Tale. Explaining Reginald's last name to an interviewer, Willems said, ""'Hoobie-Doobie' is my generic fill-in for when I can't think of a word (as in 'Hand me the Hoobie-Doobie, please. '). Because I consistently blank on the English language, it's a phrase that is heard quite a bit around the house. My editor always giggles when I use the phrase, so I plopped it in as a place-holder when I pitched the story. "" This article about a picture book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Edwina,_the_Dinosaur_Who_Didn't_Know_She_Was_Extinct  2023-09-01T15:17:01Z   Edwina, the Dinosaur Who Didn't Know She Was Extinct is an American children's picture book written and illustrated by Mo Willems. It was released in 2006 by Hyperion Books. In 2011, Weston Woods Studios released an animated version of the book, narrated by Cheryl Willems, with Mo Willems as the voice of Reginald. In the book, Edwina the dinosaur is well loved by the people of her town due to her acts of kindness. However, a boy named Reginald Von Hoobie-Doobie tries to convince everyone that dinosaurs are supposed to be extinct. Reginald even argues to Edwina herself that she should be extinct, but he eventually relents. In the end, Edwina bakes him a fresh batch of cookies. The book was well-received, winning a National Parenting Publications Award in 2006. Steve Johnson of the Wichita Eagle declared, ""Willems has written a unique story every bit as good as the classic Danny and the Dinosaur. His illustrations are playful with bright colors and bold expressions. "" Lana Berkowitz of the Houston Chronicle called it ""a winner"", while The Courier-Journal's Jill Johnson Keeney said it was a ""worthy successor"" to Willems' earlier books, such as Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! and Knuffle Bunny: A Cautionary Tale. Kirkus Reviews called it ""A fey foray into existentialism from an emerging master of whimsy. "" Explaining Reginald's last name to an interviewer, Willems said, ""'Hoobie-Doobie' is my generic fill-in for when I can't think of a word (as in 'Hand me the Hoobie-Doobie, please. '). Because I am consistently blank on the English language, it's a phrase that is heard quite a bit around the house. My editor always giggles when I use the phrase, so I plopped it in as a placeholder when I pitched the story. """,0
Douglas Costa,"Douglas Costa  2008-10-13T14:58:09Z  Douglas Costa de Souza (born September 14, 1990 in Sapucaia do Sol), commonly known as Douglas or Douglas Costa, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Grêmio. ,  Douglas Costa  2009-12-24T08:41:21Z  Douglas Costa de Souza (born 14 September 1990, in Sapucaia do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), commonly known as Douglas Costa or simply Douglas, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Grêmio. Costa is under contract with Grêmio until February 2013, with an estimated £20 million release clause. He scored on his first team debut for Grêmio, netting the equaliser in a 2–1 win against Botafogo. Ever since, Chelsea FC, Manchester United, Real Madrid and F.C. Barcelona have been linked with Douglas and he has been dubbed ""the new Ronaldinho"". Douglas Costa is now considered one of the top young talents of the world despite little publicity thus far. Costa has received plaudits for his quick feet, and ability to beat the toughest of defenders with his vast array of tricks. He is a left-footed attacking midfielder with notable ability and vision. He is also a free-kick specialist. Grêmio Brazil U-20",1
2008_Campeonato_Brasileiro_Série_C,"2008_Campeonato_Brasileiro_Série_C  2007-12-23T12:46:55Z   Template:Future sport In 2008, the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, the third division of the Brazilian League, will be contested by 64 clubs, four of which will eventually qualify to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B to be contested in 2009. No teams will be relegated, since there is no fourth division in the Brazilian league. The 64 teams play in 16 groups of four. Within each group, the four teams play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling six matchdays. The two best ranked teams in each group qualify to the Second Stage. The 32 teams qualified from the First Stage play in eight groups of four. Within each group, the four teams play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling six matchdays. The two best ranked teams in each group qualify to the Third Stage. The 16 teams qualified from the Second Stage play in four groups of four. Within each group, the four teams play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling six matchdays. The two best ranked teams in each group qualify to the Final Stage. The eight teams qualified from the Third Stage are put together in a single group. They play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling fourteen matchdays. The four best ranked teams are automatically promoted to the Série B in 2009. The participating teams are sorted by state: Acre Alagoas Amapá Amazonas Bahia Ceará Distrito Federal Espírito Santo Goiás Maranhão Mato Grosso Mato Grosso do Sul Minas Gerais Pará Paraíba Paraná Pernambuco Piauí Rio de Janeiro Rio Grande do Norte Rio Grande do Sul Rondônia Roraima Santa Catarina São Paulo Sergipe Tocantins Template:Fb start Template:Fb end,  2008_Campeonato_Brasileiro_Série_C  2008-11-24T00:46:45Z   In 2008, the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, the third division of the Brazilian League, was contested by 64 clubs, four of which qualified to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B to be contested in 2009. Teams finished from 5th to 20th joined the four relegated from the Série B for the new, revamped 20-club round robin Série C in 2009. The 64 teams play in 16 groups of four. Within each group, the four teams play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling six matchdays. The two best ranked teams in each group qualify to the Second Stage. The 32 teams qualified from the First Stage play in eight groups of four. Within each group, the four teams play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling six matchdays. The two best ranked teams in each group qualify to the Third Stage. The 16 teams qualified from the Second Stage play in four groups of four. Within each group, the four teams play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling six matchdays. The two best ranked teams in each group qualify to the Final Stage. The eight teams qualified from the Third Stage are put together in a single group. They play a double round robin, i. e. they play each other in home and away matches, totalling fourteen matchdays. The four best ranked teams are automatically promoted to the Série B in 2009. Sorted by state. Each state federation has its own criteria to indicate a club to this tournament. The home team is listed in the left-hand column. (*) - Matches replayed after Court decision as Toledo and Marcílio Dias players were accused of arranging a 0-0 draw on the last round of the group. The home team is listed in the left-hand column. The home team is listed in the left-hand column. The home team is listed in the left-hand column. 1 On October 24th, Court decided that Duque de Caxias withdrew in the 83rd minute. The team left the field after having only six players - three players were sent-off and two players left the field claiming injury. On October 28th, Court decided that the match result was a 3-0 win by Rio Branco, awarding them three points. Template:Fb start Template:Fb end",0
Nathan Fillion,"Nathan Fillion  2020-01-05T20:12:42Z  Nathan Fillion (/ˈfɪliən/; born March 27, 1971) is a Canadian-American actor and voice actor, best known for the leading roles of Captain Malcolm ""Mal"" Reynolds on Firefly and its film continuation Serenity, Richard Castle on Castle and John Nolan on The Rookie. Fillion has acted in traditionally distributed films like Slither and Trucker, Internet-distributed films like Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, television soap operas, sitcoms and theater. His voice is also featured in video games, such as the Bungie titles Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, Halo: Reach, Destiny and Destiny 2, along with the 343 Industries video game Halo 5: Guardians. Fillion first gained recognition for his work on One Life to Live in the contract role of Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series as well as for his supporting role as Johnny Donnelly in the sitcom Two Guys and a Girl. Nathan Fillion was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the younger of two sons of Robert ""Bob"" Fillion and June ""Cookie"" Fillion (née Early), both retired English teachers. Both sides of his father's family were part of the Quebec diaspora in Fall River, Massachusetts, and his mother had a Norwegian maternal grandfather and a Finnish maternal grandmother. Fillion was raised in Edmonton's Mill Woods neighborhood and completed his secondary and post-secondary education in Edmonton, attending Holy Trinity Catholic High School, Concordia University College of Alberta, and the University of Alberta, where he was a member of the Kappa Alpha Society. He has been a U.S. citizen since 1997. After working in several theatre, television, and film productions, including Theatresports with Rapid Fire Theatre and the improvised soap opera Die-Nasty, Fillion moved to New York City in 1994 where he acted in the soap opera One Life to Live as Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated in 1996 for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series. In 1997, he left the series to pursue other projects (but would return for a brief guest appearance in 2007). After moving to Los Angeles, he played a supporting role in the sitcom Two Guys, a Girl, and a Pizza Place, and was cast as James Frederick ""The Minnesota"" Ryan in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan. In 2002, Fillion starred as Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the Joss Whedon science fiction television series Firefly, for which he won the Cinescape Genre Face of the Future – Male award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA. Fillion also won the Syfy Genre Awards in 2006 for Best Actor/Television and was runner-up for Best Actor/Movie. Fillion called his time on Firefly the best acting job he ever had, and compares every job he has had to it. Although the show was cancelled, it was adapted to the big screen; he reprised his role as Mal in Whedon's movie Serenity (2005). In 2003, Fillion had a recurring role as Caleb in the final five episodes of Joss Whedon's series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Fillion lent his voice to the animated series King of the Hill in 2001, the video game Jade Empire (as the voice of Gao the Lesser), and the animated series Justice League Unlimited (as Vigilante in the episodes ""Hunter's Moon"" and ""Patriot Act"") in 2005–06. He portrayed Green Lantern/Hal Jordan in Green Lantern: Emerald Knights, Justice League: Doom, Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox and Justice League: Throne of Atlantis and The Death of Superman. Fillion starred in James Gunn's 2006 horror film Slither. For his starring role as Bill Pardy, he garnered a 2006 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards nomination in the category of Dude You Don't Wanna Mess With. Fillion starred in the romantic comedy film Waitress, written and directed by Adrienne Shelly, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2007, and opened in theaters on May 2, 2007. Waitress grossed $22,125,001 in worldwide sales as of May 13, 2008, and $29.22 million in rentals as of January 28, 2008. Fillion starred in White Noise 2: The Light. He made one appearance in the 2006–2007 season of the television show Lost, as Kevin, Kate's ex-husband. In October 2006, Fillion signed a talent holding contract with the Fox Broadcasting Company, and in December 2006, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that Fillion was cast as Alex Tully in the series Drive, which debuted on Fox in the spring of 2007. Drive was created by Tim Minear. Ivan Sergei played Alex Tully in the original pilot episode of Drive. The first two Drive episodes premiered on April 13, 2007, in Canada (April 15, 2007 in the United States). However, the show did not deliver the ratings Fox desired, and on April 25, 2007, the network announced that the series was cancelled. The final two produced episodes were supposed to air back-to-back on Fox in July 2007 but did not actually become available until July 15 when they were posted on the Drive MySpace page. Fillion reprised his 1990s role as One Life to Live's Joey for the series' 9,999th and 10,000th episodes, aired August 16 and 17, 2007. Fillion joined the cast of ABC's Desperate Housewives at the beginning of the fall 2007 season, portraying Dr. Adam Mayfair. His first appearance was in the episode ""Now You Know"", which aired on September 30, 2007. His final appearance was the final episode of season 4. Fillion voiced the role of an ODST Gunnery sergeant in the Xbox 360 game Halo 3, alongside fellow Firefly stars Alan Tudyk and Adam Baldwin. At one point early in the first mission, he identifies himself as "" Reynolds"" over the radio, referring to his character's name from the TV series Firefly. All three actors are given personalities in the game that match those of their characters from Firefly. He provides the voice and portrayed likeness for Gunnery Sergeant Edward Buck in Halo 3: ODST, Halo 5: Guardians, and a brief appearance in Halo: Reach. In March 2009, the first episode of the ABC television series Castle aired, in which Fillion starred as the titular character Richard Castle, a mystery novelist who helps the NYPD solve (frequently bizarre) murders. In May 2009, ABC green-lit the production of the series for a second season. In 2009, Fillion was nominated for Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama for his performance in Castle. On March 30, 2010, ABC announced that Castle had been renewed for its third season with a 22-episode full-season order. Castle was renewed for a fourth season on January 10, 2011, a fifth season on May 10, 2012, a sixth season on May 10, 2013, and a seventh season on May 8, 2014. The show was cancelled by ABC in 2016, with the final episode airing on May 16 of that year. BuddyTV ranked him #10 on its list of ""TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2009"", #19 in 2010, #20 in 2011 and #39 in 2012; #7 on its list of ""The 15 Best Drama Lead Actors of the 2011-2012 TV Season""; named his character's relationship with the other main character as #18 (and the Best Flirting Relationship) on its list ""Love Is All Around: Best TV Relationships of 2010"", #13 (and the Best Delayed Relationship) on its list of ""The Best Relationships of 2011"", #15 on its list of ""The Special Relationships: TV’s Top 50 Love Stories of the Past Decade"", #1 on its list ""Love... Or Not: The Top 12 Will-They-or-Won't-They Couples of 2012"" and #2 on its list ""Lip Smacking Good: The Best Kisses of 2012""; named Castle as #6 on its list of ""The 11 Best Returning TV Shows of 2011"", #11 on ""The 15 Best Dramas of the 2011-2012 TV Season"" and #12 on ""The 12 Best Dramas of 2012"". Fillion was featured in a spoof porn web video on Spike called ""Nailing Your Wife"", part of James Gunn's PG Porn series. Fillion made a brief cameo appearance in the season 5 episode ""Revolving Doors"" of the web series The Guild. In late September 2011, Fillion guest starred as the Action Sports 1 anchor in the web series Husbands. He played Dogberry in the independent film Much Ado About Nothing (2012), based on the Shakespeare play of the same name, written, directed and produced by Joss Whedon. Since 2011, Fillion has appeared as the recurring Space Western character Cactoid Jim in performances of the podcasted live show The Thrilling Adventure Hour, a stage show premised on the idea that actors are performing as characters in a radio show. The character of Cactoid Jim first appeared as part of the recurring segment ""Sparks Nevada, Marshal on Mars"", but was soon given his own segment, called ""Cactoid Jim: King of the Martian Frontier"". Fillion has advertised his participation as a guest star on The Thrilling Adventure Hour by means of including filmed elements of the live show on the DVD set for season 4 of Castle. In 2012, he appeared in the episode ""The Daly Superheroes"" of the web series The Daly Show. On February 17, 2013, Fillion hosted the 2013 WGA West Coast Awards. In 2014 he appeared in the video game Destiny as the character Cayde-6 as a somewhat minor character. Over the next few years his role became larger with expansions to the game. Fillion returned to the role in Destiny 2, and is featured prominently in the game. In 2015 and 2016, Fillion worked with Alan Tudyk on a web series called Con Man, loosely based on their experiences on the convention circuit after Firefly. In 2017, Fillion was cast in the recurring role of Gary West on the Netflix horror-comedy series Santa Clarita Diet. In the same year, Fillion was cast in the recurring role of Jacques Snicket on the second season of the Netflix comedy drama series A Series of Unfortunate Events. In February 2018, Fillion was cast to star as John Nolan in the new ABC TV series The Rookie, which was created by former Castle executive producer Alexi Hawley. On July 16, 2018, Fillion and director Allan Ungar released a live action short film based on the Naughty Dog franchise Uncharted. The short immediately went viral and was praised for its witty humor, action, and ability to stay true to the source material. Fans and critics took to social media and began campaigning for Netflix to turn it into a series while referring to it as one of the best adaptations of a video game. Fillion has been associated with the public artist Martin Firrell since 2009. He is the subject of two works of contemporary public art by Firrell: Complete Hero (digital projections of text and video portraiture to the West and North elevations of the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London, 2009) and Metascifi (a digital app investigating American television science fiction series for ideas and strategies for living well). Fillion was the 'face' of Complete Hero. The artist explained the choice of Fillion as follows: ""I wanted to make a piece of work that looked at all kinds of heroism, not just the usual derring-do of white square-jawed men. But I thought it would be interesting to start with a white, square-jawed man and Nathan Fillion agreed to take part."" In Metascifi, Fillion discusses the deeper significance of his Firefly character Captain Mal Reynolds, reflecting on some of the universal preoccupations of any human life: death, love, evil, intimacy, power, vulnerability, violence and freedom. In 2007, Fillion and author PJ Haarsma co-founded the non-profit organization Kids Need to Read, to help inspire kids' imaginations by getting more books into underfunded libraries. Fillion's association with Charity: Water garnered over $60,000 worth of donations in 2019.,  Nathan Fillion  2021-12-28T21:35:29Z  Nathan Fillion (/ˈfɪliən/; born March 27, 1971) is a Canadian-American actor. He is best known for the leading roles of Captain Malcolm ""Mal"" Reynolds on Firefly and its film continuation Serenity, and Richard Castle on Castle. As of 2018, he is starring as John Nolan on The Rookie. Fillion has acted in traditionally distributed films like Slither and Trucker, Internet-distributed films like Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, television soap operas, sitcoms and theater. His voice is also featured in animation and video games, such as Hal Jordan/Green Lantern in various DC Comics projects, the Bungie titles Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, Halo: Reach, Destiny and Destiny 2, along with the 343 Industries video game Halo 5: Guardians. Fillion first gained recognition for his work on One Life to Live in the contract role of Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series, as well as for his supporting role as Johnny Donnelly in the sitcom Two Guys and a Girl. Fillion was born on March 27, 1971, in Edmonton, Alberta, the younger of two sons of Robert ""Bob"" Fillion and June ""Cookie"" Early, both retired English teachers. Both sides of his father's family were part of the Quebec diaspora in Fall River, Massachusetts, and his mother had a Norwegian maternal grandfather and a Finnish maternal grandmother. Fillion was raised in Edmonton's Mill Woods neighbourhood and completed his secondary and post-secondary education in Edmonton, attending Holy Trinity Catholic High School, Concordia University College of Alberta, and the University of Alberta, where he was a member of the Kappa Alpha Society. He has been a U.S. citizen since 1997. After working in several theatre, television, and film productions, including Theatresports with Rapid Fire Theatre and the improvised soap opera Die-Nasty, Fillion moved to New York City in 1994 where he acted in the soap opera One Life to Live as Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated in 1996 for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series. In 1997, he left the series to pursue other projects (returning for a brief guest appearance in 2007). After moving to Los Angeles, he played a supporting role in the sitcom Two Guys, a Girl, and a Pizza Place, and was cast as James Frederick ""The Minnesota"" Ryan in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan. In 2002, Fillion starred as Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the Joss Whedon science fiction television series Firefly, for which he won the Cinescape Genre Face of the Future – Male award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA. Fillion also won the Syfy Genre Awards in 2006 for Best Actor/Television and was runner-up for Best Actor/Movie. Fillion called his time on Firefly the best acting job he ever had, and compares every job he has had to it. Although the show was cancelled, it was adapted to the big screen; he reprised his role as Mal in Whedon's movie Serenity (2005). In 2003, Fillion had a recurring role as Caleb in the final five episodes of Joss Whedon's series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Fillion lent his voice to the animated series King of the Hill in 2001, the video game Jade Empire (as the voice of Gao the Lesser), and the animated series Justice League Unlimited (as Vigilante in the episodes ""Hunter's Moon"" and ""Patriot Act"") in 2005–06. He portrayed Green Lantern/Hal Jordan in Green Lantern: Emerald Knights, Justice League: Doom, Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox and Justice League: Throne of Atlantis and The Death of Superman. Fillion starred in James Gunn's 2006 horror film Slither. For his starring role as Bill Pardy, he garnered a 2006 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards nomination in the category of Dude You Don't Wanna Mess With. Fillion starred in the romantic comedy film Waitress, written and directed by Adrienne Shelly, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2007, and opened in theaters on May 2, 2007. Waitress grossed $22,125,001 in worldwide sales as of May 13, 2008, and $29.22 million in rentals as of January 28, 2008. Fillion starred in White Noise 2: The Light. He made one appearance in the 2006–2007 season of the television show Lost, as Kevin, Kate's ex-husband. In October 2006, Fillion signed a talent holding contract with the Fox Broadcasting Company, and in December 2006, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that Fillion was cast as Alex Tully in the series Drive, which debuted on Fox in the spring of 2007. Drive was created by Tim Minear. Ivan Sergei played Alex Tully in the original pilot episode of Drive. The first two Drive episodes premiered on April 13, 2007, in Canada (April 15, 2007 in the United States). However, the show did not deliver the ratings Fox desired, and on April 25, 2007, the network announced that the series was cancelled. The final two produced episodes were supposed to air back-to-back on Fox in July 2007 but did not actually become available until July 15 when they were posted on the Drive MySpace page. Fillion reprised his 1990s role as One Life to Live's Joey for the series' 9,999th and 10,000th episodes, aired August 16 and 17, 2007. Fillion joined the cast of ABC's Desperate Housewives at the beginning of the fall 2007 season, portraying Dr. Adam Mayfair. His first appearance was in the episode ""Now You Know"", which aired on September 30, 2007. His final appearance was the final episode of season 4. Fillion voiced the role of an ODST Gunnery sergeant in the Xbox 360 game Halo 3, alongside fellow Firefly stars Alan Tudyk and Adam Baldwin. At one point early in the first mission, he identifies himself as "" Reynolds"" over the radio, referring to his character's name from the TV series Firefly. All three actors are given personalities in the game that match those of their characters from Firefly. He provides the voice, portrayed likeness, and motion capture performance for Gunnery Sergeant Edward Buck in Halo 3: ODST, Halo 5: Guardians, and a brief appearance in Halo: Reach. In March 2009, the first episode of the ABC television series Castle aired, in which Fillion starred as the titular character Richard Castle, a mystery novelist who helps the NYPD solve (frequently bizarre) murders. In May 2009, ABC green-lit the production of the series for a second season. In 2009, Fillion was nominated for Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama for his performance in Castle. On March 30, 2010, ABC announced that Castle had been renewed for its third season with a 22-episode full-season order. Castle was renewed for a fourth season on January 10, 2011, a fifth season on May 10, 2012, a sixth season on May 10, 2013, and a seventh season on May 8, 2014. The show was cancelled by ABC in 2016, with the final episode airing on May 16 of that year. BuddyTV ranked him #10 on its list of ""TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2009"", #19 in 2010, #20 in 2011 and #39 in 2012; #7 on its list of ""The 15 Best Drama Lead Actors of the 2011-2012 TV Season""; named his character's relationship with the other main character as #18 (and the Best Flirting Relationship) on its list ""Love Is All Around: Best TV Relationships of 2010"", #13 (and the Best Delayed Relationship) on its list of ""The Best Relationships of 2011"", #15 on its list of ""The Special Relationships: TV’s Top 50 Love Stories of the Past Decade"", #1 on its list ""Love... Or Not: The Top 12 Will-They-or-Won't-They Couples of 2012"" and #2 on its list ""Lip Smacking Good: The Best Kisses of 2012""; named Castle as #6 on its list of ""The 11 Best Returning TV Shows of 2011"", #11 on ""The 15 Best Dramas of the 2011-2012 TV Season"" and #12 on ""The 12 Best Dramas of 2012"". Fillion was featured in a spoof porn web video on Spike called ""Nailing Your Wife"", part of James Gunn's PG Porn series. Fillion made a brief cameo appearance in the season 5 episode ""Revolving Doors"" of the web series The Guild. In late September 2011, Fillion guest starred as the Action Sports 1 anchor in the web series Husbands. He played Dogberry in the independent film Much Ado About Nothing (2012), based on the Shakespeare play of the same name, written, directed and produced by Joss Whedon. Since 2011, Fillion has appeared as the recurring Space Western character Cactoid Jim in performances of the podcasted live show The Thrilling Adventure Hour, a stage show premised on the idea that actors are performing as characters in a radio show. The character of Cactoid Jim first appeared as part of the recurring segment ""Sparks Nevada, Marshal on Mars"", but was soon given his own segment, called ""Cactoid Jim: King of the Martian Frontier"". Fillion has advertised his participation as a guest star on The Thrilling Adventure Hour by means of including filmed elements of the live show on the DVD set for season 4 of Castle. In 2012, he appeared in the episode ""The Daly Superheroes"" of the web series The Daly Show. On February 17, 2013, Fillion hosted the 2013 WGA West Coast Awards. In 2014 he appeared in the video game Destiny as the character Cayde-6. Over the next few years his role became larger with expansions to the game. Fillion returned to the role in the 2017 sequel Destiny 2, and featured prominently in the game until the release of Forsaken, where the character was instead voiced by Nolan North up to his death. In 2015 and 2016, Fillion worked with Alan Tudyk on a web series called Con Man, loosely based on their experiences on the convention circuit after Firefly. In 2017, Fillion was cast in the recurring role of Gary West on the Netflix horror-comedy series Santa Clarita Diet. In the same year, Fillion was cast in the recurring role of Jacques Snicket on the second season of the Netflix comedy drama series A Series of Unfortunate Events. In February 2018, Fillion was cast to star as John Nolan in the new ABC TV series The Rookie, which was created by former Castle executive producer Alexi Hawley. On July 16, 2018, Fillion and director Allan Ungar released a live action short film based on the Naughty Dog franchise Uncharted. The short immediately went viral and was praised for its witty humor, action, and ability to stay true to the source material. Fans and critics took to social media and began campaigning for Netflix to turn it into a series while referring to it as one of the best adaptations of a video game. Fillion has been associated with the public artist Martin Firrell since 2009. He is the subject of two works of contemporary public art by Firrell: Complete Hero (digital projections of text and video portraiture to the West and North elevations of the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London, 2009) and Metascifi (a digital app investigating American television science fiction series for ideas and strategies for living well). Fillion was the 'face' of Complete Hero. The artist explained the choice of Fillion as follows: ""I wanted to make a piece of work that looked at all kinds of heroism, not just the usual derring-do of white square-jawed men. But I thought it would be interesting to start with a white, square-jawed man and Nathan Fillion agreed to take part."" In Metascifi, Fillion discusses the deeper significance of his Firefly character Captain Mal Reynolds, reflecting on some of the universal preoccupations of any human life: death, love, evil, intimacy, power, vulnerability, violence and freedom. For August 7 and 8, 2021, the Edmonton city hall was renamed to the Nathan Fillion Civilian Pavilion after a petition from fans with over 27,000 signatures and support from Fillion's costars in The Suicide Squad. In 2007, Fillion and author PJ Haarsma co-founded the non-profit organization Kids Need to Read, to help inspire children's imaginations by getting more books into underfunded libraries. Fillion's association with Charity: Water garnered over $60,000 worth of donations in 2019.",1
Rory McAllister (footballer),"Rory McAllister (footballer)  2017-03-16T02:03:58Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League One. Rory McAlister came through the ranks at Aberdeen, but never played for the first team. However, he did play for the reserves on a few occasions. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up, McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in over 50 games, but scored just five goals. He made his league début for Inverness on 30 April 2005, as a second-half substitute against Kilmarnock. His first goal came in a Scottish Cup tie against Ayr United on 7 January 2006. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. He played four times for the club and scored one goal, in a 9–2 victory against Berwick Rangers. In April 2008, McAllister signed a new one-year contract with Inverness, however on 24 January 2009, he left the club by mutual consent. After leaving Inverness, McAllister then signed for Brechin City, scoring a total of 26 goals in his first full season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. During the 2010–11 season McAllister scored four times in an away match against his old club Peterhead. In both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, McAllister was voted PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Year. McAllister's goalscoring exploits at Brechin did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, St Johnstone, Peterhead, Charlton Athletic, Port Vale and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. On 16 June 2011, he turned down a move to SPL club St Mirren. Having initially said he wanted to return to full-time football McAllister then dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be close to Aberdeen to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, so he has something to fall back on when he retires from football. On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal as Peterhead won 2–1 against Rangers at Ibrox. On 8 April 2014, McAllister was awarded the SPFL Player of the month for March 2014, after scoring eight goals in six games during the month, becoming the first player from outside the Scottish Premiership to win the award. On 12 April 2014, McAllister scored Peterhead's second goal in a 2–0 win against Clyde, a result which meant the club won the Scottish League Two title and promotion to League One. On 27 April 2014, McAllister was named as PFA Scotland League Two Player of the Year for 2013–14. He signed a new contract on 11 August 2014, keeping him at Peterhead until 2017. In an interview in 2015, McAllister said he could not see himself leaving Peterhead for the rest of his career. On 18 August 2015, McAllister scored five goals in cup match against Falkirk. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, scoring once in 2007 against Northern Ireland under–21. He has also been capped at under-21 level. ,  Rory McAllister (footballer)  2018-11-01T10:45:46Z  Rory McAllister (born 13 May 1987 in Aberdeen, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer, currently playing for Peterhead in Scottish League Two. After being released from Aberdeen's youth set-up (he never played for the first team, but did play for the reserves on a few occasions), McAllister was given a chance to resurrect his career at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. In three seasons he played in over 50 games, but scored just five goals. He made his league début for Inverness on 30 April 2005, as a second-half substitute against Kilmarnock. His first goal came in a Scottish Cup tie against Ayr United on 7 January 2006. After failing to build upon his early potential, first team appearances at Inverness became scarce. He was loaned out to Second Division club Peterhead in January 2008. He played four times for the club and scored one goal, in a 9–2 victory against Berwick Rangers. In April 2008, McAllister signed a new one-year contract with Inverness, however on 24 January 2009, he left the club by mutual consent. After leaving Inverness, McAllister then signed for Brechin City, scoring a total of 26 goals in his first full season as Brechin lost out in the First Division promotion play-off final against Cowdenbeath. During the 2010–11 season McAllister scored four times in an away match against his old club Peterhead. In both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, McAllister was voted PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Year. McAllister's goalscoring exploits at Brechin did not go unnoticed, with Aberdeen, St Johnstone, Peterhead, Charlton Athletic, Port Vale and Sheffield United rumoured to be keen on him. On 16 June 2011, he turned down a move to SPL club St Mirren. Having initially said he wanted to return to full-time football, McAllister then dropped down to the Third Division to join relegated Peterhead to be closer to Aberdeen to get an apprenticeship in plumbing, in order to have a career to fall back on when he retired from football. On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal as Peterhead won 2–1 against Rangers at Ibrox. On 8 April 2014, McAllister was awarded the SPFL Player of the month for March 2014, after scoring eight goals in six games during the month, becoming the first player from outside the Scottish Premiership to win the award. On 12 April 2014, McAllister scored Peterhead's second goal in a 2–0 win against Clyde, a result which meant the club won the Scottish League Two title and promotion to League One. On 27 April 2014, McAllister was named as PFA Scotland League Two Player of the Year for 2013–14. He signed a new contract on 11 August 2014, keeping him at Peterhead until 2017. In an interview in 2015, McAllister said he could not see himself leaving Peterhead for the rest of his career. On 18 August 2015, he scored all five of his side's goals in a 2015–16 Scottish Challenge Cup match against Falkirk. Peterhead went all the way to the final at Hampden Park, losing 4–0 to Rangers. In August 2016, McAllister signed a new two-year deal with Peterhead to run to the end of the 2017–18 season after rejecting the opportunity to join Dundee United. McAllister scored five goals in a match again in October 2017, this time against more modest opposition, in a 9–0 victory over amateurs Colville Park in the 2017–18 Scottish Cup. By January 2018 he had 24 goals in 24 matches during the season, making him the nation's leading scorer alongside Alan Trouten of Albion Rovers. McAllister was capped by the Scottish national under-20 team in May 2007, in preparation for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, scoring once in 2007 against Northern Ireland under–21. He was also capped at under-21 level.",1
Miss Minnesota USA,"Miss Minnesota USA  2014-01-05T05:11:48Z  The Miss Minnesota USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Minnesota in the Miss USA pageant. Despite a strong start in the first three years of competition at Miss USA, Minnesota has been only mildly successful overall. In more recent years Minnesota has twice received recognition with the Miss Photogenic award. Barbara Peterson was the first Miss Minnesota USA to be crowned Miss USA (in 1976), and was also the first Miss USA to be unplaced at Miss Universe. Her sister Polly Peterson was Miss Minnesota USA 1981. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant  Productions states,  Miss Minnesota USA  2015-12-12T09:13:37Z  The Miss Minnesota-USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Minnesota in the Miss USA pageant. Despite a strong start in the first three years of competition at Miss USA, Minnesota has been only mildly successful overall. In more recent years Minnesota has twice received recognition with the Miss Photogenic award. Barbara Elaine Peterson was the first Miss Minnesota-USA to be crowned Miss USA (in 1976), and was also the first Miss USA to not place in the Miss Universe pageant. Her sister Polly Peterson Bowles was Miss Minnesota-USA 1981. The Miss Minnesota-USA pageant was first held in 1952. That year's winner was Jodell Stirmlinger. Her win was followed by Mary Ann Papke in 1953 and Dawn Joyce in 1954. All three placed in the top 20 or better at the Miss USA contest. Minnesota would not see another contestant place at Miss USA until 1976 when Barbara Elaine Peterson became the state's first (and to date only) Miss USA winner. She did not place at the Miss Universe 1976 held in Hong Kong. Miss Minnesota-USA was not held from 1960–64. The following year Miss Minnesota-USA winner Elizabeth Jane Carroll won the Miss Congeniality award at the Miss USA pageant. Peterson's 1976 success was followed by Deborah Cossette, who was the second runner up at Miss USA. Barbara Peterson's sister, Polly Peterson, won the 1981 Miss Minnesota-USA title. She was also the second runner up at the 1976 Miss Teenage America pageant, but didn't place im 1981 Miss USA contest. In November of 1987, Sue Bolich won the 1988 Miss Minnesota-USA title. Bolich reigned from November 1987 to February 1988, when she resigned after being arrested for shoplifting. First runner-up Jolene Stavrakis resigned days later after she revealed she had pleaded guilty to shoplifting in 1986. Second runner-up Julie Nelson was crowned less than a month before the Miss USA pageant in February 1988. In 1989, Julie Knutson won the Miss Minnesota-USA title after being a semifinalist in both 1987 and 1988. In 1990, Janet Tveita became the second Miss Minnesota-USA winner to win a special award at Miss USA, taking Miss Congeniality. April Herke, who had been the fourth runner-up in Miss Oktoberfest 1990, won the 1991 crown. The 1992 winner, Amber Rue, completed her reign amid publicity about a ""public lovers' quarrel involving allegations of coerced sex, extortion, fraud, and defamation of character"". Stavrakis returned in 1993 to reclaim the state title, in what was her last year of eligibility, after having her criminal record expunged. The placed 10th in the 1993 Miss USA pageant. Her successor, Angelique de Maison, placed 5th at Miss USA. The 1996 winner, Karin Smith, would later appear on ABC's The Bachelor. After winning the 1997 state pageant, Melissa Hall would go on to win Mrs. Minnesota and place in the Top 10 of Mrs. America in 2004 under her married name, Melissa Young. The 2000 Miss Minnesota USA winner, Paige Swenson, was previously Miss Minnesota Teen USA 1994, placing 13th at Nationals. She won the Miss Photogenic award at the Miss USA contest. Her successor, Anne Marie Clausen, would go on to win Mrs. Minnesota United States 2011, and place in the Top 10 at nationals under the name Anne Marie Moore. Miss Minnesota-USA 2002, Lanore Van Buren, was the 3rd runner up at Nationals. Her successor, Sarah Cahill, was previously named Miss Minnesota Teen-USA in 1996. The 2005 title was held in Bloomington and won by Carrie Lee. It was her fourth attempt at the title as she had placed third runner-up to Cahill in 2003, was second runner-up in 2002 and made the semi-finals in 2001. She was the first woman from Sebeka to win the Miss Minnesota-USA title. The 2006 pageant was won by Dottie Cannon, who was the second runner-up the previous year. As Miss Minnesota-USA, she was a representative of Future Productions. She failed to place in the nationally contest, but won the Miss Congeniality award. Alla Ilushka became the third former Miss Minnesota Teen-USA (winning in 2002) to win Miss Minnesota-USA in 2007. She had placed in the Top 10 of Miss Teen-USA, but did not place at Miss USA. Erica Nego, who won the 2009 title, placed 12th at Nationals. Two years later, she won Miss Universe Ghana. The 2012 Miss Minnesota-USA, Nitaya Panemalaythong, also had an international flair having been born in Thailand. The 2014 Miss Minnesota-USA winner, Haley O'Brien, had previously won Miss Minnesota Teen-USA in 2010 and Miss Collegiate America in 2012. 1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant 2 Contestant resigned title before the Miss USA pageant",1
Cornerstone_Community_Church,"Cornerstone_Community_Church  2008-04-14T14:38:32Z   Cornerstone Community Church (CSCC) (Chinese: 房角石教会) is an independent, Pentecostal multi-congregational Church based in Singapore. The church currently runs 7 services over the weekend, comprising its English, Mandarin, African, Indonesian, Filipino, Youth and Children congregations. It is committed to global missions, and has affiliate congregations in Kenya, Uganda, Myanmar, Philippines, Pakistan, Indonesia, Australia and in other parts of the world. Led by Rev. Yang Tuck Yoong, the founder and senior pastor, the church has a unique prophetic anointing and is steadily growing to become a voice to the nations. Cornerstone is part of the Zion Fellowship of churches, under the leadership of Dr. Brian Bailey, based in Waverly, New York. Cornerstone Community Church was established in 1990 under the umbrella of the Anglican Church in Singapore, then known as ""Bedok Christian Centre"". On January 1, 1994, the name of the church was changed to Cornerstone Community Church to better reflect the growing diversity and ministry of the congregation, and on June 2, 1995, to further facilitate the spiritual calling of the church, it became an independent Pentecostal church. On July 16, 2000, it became officially affiliated with Zion Ministerial Fellowship Inc. , a ministerial fellowship based in Waverly, New York. The vision of the church is to love God and know Him first of all, and to give of itself to the end-time harvest, with the mind of raising, training and sending its labourers into the nations. The church seeks to be: An Apostolic Church A Church that is always about the Great Commission; preaching the gospel to all nations, engaging in missions through training, giving of finances, sending out of missionaries (short term and long term), church planting, partnering and networking, and always having upon our hearts the desire to fulfill Jesus' command to go and make disciples of all nations. A Glorious Perfected Bride A people sanctified by Christ through the work of the Holy Spirit, holy and without blemish, having an onward vision towards the Zion of God; longing and yearning for the coming of the Bridegroom, making every effort to get ready for the return of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. A House of Prayer for All Nations Every believer trained to intercede and brought to a place where they are committed to pray individually and corporately. To grow beyond praying for personal needs to the carrying of the Lord's burden for the nations. To be a house where there will be ongoing prayer, and where prayer becomes a primary focus of all that they do. A Prophetic Voice to the Nations Being constantly at the cutting edge of what God is saying to the nation(s) and to be a people who knows the times and seasons. Becoming a clear voice used by God, proclaiming the purposes and plans of God for His Church and for the nations. A Pattern for Others To be a pattern that God would want others to see and emulate. A Church aligned to His divine plumb-line by which others will take their measurements from. A people who will effectively be salt and light influencing and impacting every strata of society for His glory. A Temple of the Holy Spirit Every livingstone connected and fitted together in love and unity, offering true and pleasing worship to the Lord. A dwelling place for the tangible manifest presence of God, where the holiness and the glory of God is powerfully manifested. A Family of God's People Connected relationally in a network of cell communities for the purpose of growing in Christlikeness, loving and serving one another and to do the work of the ministry. Yang came into the attention of the Singaporean public in 2004 in an article titled ""Gay Backlash. "" Published in The Straits Times, the local daily of the island nation, the article summarised the responses of Christian organisations in Singapore towards an interview with Singaporean Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, in which he announced his government is open to employment of homosexuals, despite homosexual acts still being illegal. The article reported that Yang, together with a group group of 20 Christians from different denominations, voluntary organisations and professions, met to discuss a strategy and plan of action for Christians to tackle what they termed as a ""volatile situation. "" The meeting supposedly ended with a decision to draft an immediate plan of action that every pastor and church can adopt in a battle against homosexuality. In particular, Yang called for Christians to ""express their concern"" to their Member of Parliament, through letters or during Meet-the-People sessions, and send their views to the Feedback Unit and write letters to the media. Though Yang subsequently varied the details of the meeting, and also denied being the main organizer, the website of his church did publish a statement on July 20, 2003 titled ""Don't Keep Silent. "" In it, the statement wrote ""We cannot stand idly by. Homosexuality is a sin and it is far more rampant, militant and organised than most of us actually believe it to be. The battle lines are now drawn and it is time for the Church in Singapore to rise up and make a stand. "" Yang also issued a letter dated Jul 19, 2003, in which he encouraged associates to feedback their negativity on the subject to the government. He believed such a lobbying effort to be very effective, and even included a sample form letter of how the letter should be written. The elements of the letter is curiously similar to an alleged email by Pastor Derek Hong of Church of Our Saviour, another Singapore church also with a strong anti-homosexuality agenda. The alleged email surfaced during the 2007 debate on whether penal code 377a, which criminalises sexual acts between men, should be removed from the Singapore Penal Code. ,  Cornerstone_Community_Church  2009-11-02T21:31:42Z   Cornerstone Community Church (CSCC) (Chinese: 房角石教会) is an independent, Pentecostal multi-congregational Church based in Singapore. The church currently runs 8 services over the weekend, comprising its English, Mandarin, African, Indonesian, Filipino, Youth and Children congregations. It is committed to global missions, and has affiliate congregations in Kenya, Uganda, Myanmar, Philippines, Pakistan, Indonesia, Australia, Cambodia and in other parts of the world. Led by Pastor Yang Tuck Yoong, the founder and senior pastor, the church seeks to be on the cutting edge of the prophetic anointing and to become a voice to the nations. Cornerstone is part of a network called Zion Fellowship, under the leadership of Dr. Brian Bailey, based in Waverly, New York. Cornerstone Community Church was established in 1990 under the umbrella of the Anglican Church in Singapore, then known as ""Bedok Christian Centre"". On January 1, 1994, the name of the church was changed to Cornerstone Community Church to better reflect the growing diversity and ministry of the congregation, and on June 2, 1995, to further facilitate the spiritual calling of the church, it became an independent Pentecostal church. On July 16, 2000, it became officially affiliated with Zion Ministerial Fellowship Inc. , a ministerial fellowship based in Waverly, New York. The vision of the church is to love God and know Him first of all, and to give of itself to the end-time harvest, with the mind of raising, training and sending its labourers into the nations. The church seeks to be: An Apostolic Church A Church that is always about the Great Commission; preaching the gospel to all nations, engaging in missions through training, giving of finances, sending out of missionaries (short term and long term), church planting, partnering and networking, and always having upon our hearts the desire to fulfill Jesus' command to go and make disciples of all nations. A Glorious Perfected Bride A people sanctified by Christ through the work of the Holy Spirit, holy and without blemish, having an onward vision towards the Zion of God; longing and yearning for the coming of the Bridegroom, making every effort to get ready for the return of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. A House of Prayer for All Nations Every believer trained to intercede and brought to a place where they are committed to pray individually and corporately. To grow beyond praying for personal needs to the carrying of the Lord's burden for the nations. To be a house where there will be ongoing prayer, and where prayer becomes a primary focus of all that they do. A Prophetic Voice to the Nations Being constantly at the cutting edge of what God is saying to the nation(s) and to be a people who knows the times and seasons. Becoming a clear voice used by God, proclaiming the purposes and plans of God for His Church and for the nations. A Pattern for Others To be a pattern that God would want others to see and emulate. A Church aligned to His divine plumb-line by which others will take their measurements from. A people who will effectively be salt and light influencing and impacting every strata of society for His glory. A Temple of the Holy Spirit Every livingstone connected and fitted together in love and unity, offering true and pleasing worship to the Lord. A dwelling place for the tangible manifest presence of God, where the holiness and the glory of God is powerfully manifested. A Family of God's People Connected relationally in a network of cell communities for the purpose of growing in Christlikeness, loving and serving one another and to do the work of the ministry. Cornerstone's Senior Pastor, Yang Tuck Yoong, has made several criticism towards the homosexual community of Singapore. These include: Yang came into the attention of the Singaporean public in 2004 in an article titled ""Gay Backlash. "" Published in The Straits Times, the local daily of the island nation, the article summarised the responses of Christian organisations in Singapore towards an interview with Singaporean Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, in which he announced his government is open to employment of homosexuals, despite homosexual acts still being illegal. The article reported that Yang, together with a group of 20 Christians from different denominations, voluntary organisations and professions, met to discuss a strategy and plan of action for Christians to tackle what they termed as a ""volatile situation. "" The meeting supposedly ended with a decision to draft an immediate plan of action that every pastor and church can adopt in a battle against homosexuality. In particular, Yang called for Christians to ""express their concern"" to their Member of Parliament, through letters or during Meet-the-People sessions, and send their views to the Feedback Unit and write letters to the media. Though Yang denied in Nirmala's article to be the organizer of the meeting, Cornerstone's website published a statement on July 20, 2003 titled ""Don't Keep Silent. "" In it, the statement wrote ""We cannot stand idly by. Homosexuality is a sin and it is far more rampant, militant and organised than most of us actually believe it to be. The battle lines are now drawn and it is time for the Church in Singapore to rise up and make a stand. "" Yang also issued a letter dated Jul 19, 2003, in which he encouraged associates to feedback their negativity on the subject to the government. He believed such a lobbying effort to be very effective, and even included a sample form letter of how the letter should be written. The sample letter is currently found within the website of another Singaporean church, the Church of Our Saviour, which also carries a strong anti-homosexual message in its ministry. In September 2003, Yang issued a feedback to Time Magazine whereby he accused the magazine of glamouring an illegal and condemned lifestyle in an article that reviewed the gay scene in Singapore. . He also stated that the people of Singapore has spoken against the subject. No evidence of this claim, however, was provided in Yang's letter. Yang also did not mention that there is no specific penal code within Singaporean Law that criminalizes homosexuality. There is only a penal code 377a, which specifically criminalizes the act of sodomy between two men, without mentioning homosexuality. On February 24, 2008, Yang gave a sermon titled ""The Sin of Sodom"" in which he associated homosexuality as an abomination. In the same sermon, he argued that homosexuality is a spirit which has yet to prevail in Singapore because of official legislation and public opinion and conscience. At the same time, he encouraged churches to stand up and oppose this ""spirit,"" before Singapore is sent to the abyss in the same manner as Sodom. He also encouraged churches to be ""bold"" and ""courageous,"" and to ""take a stand. "" Lastly, he lamented that a church that has lost the ability to influence and lobby society would be useless. The sermon can be found in the Sermon Library archives of the website of Cornerstone Community Church. Yang did not elaborate in the same sermon what specific actions his encouragement to ""oppose"" should encompass, or not include. Neither did he release any subsequent public speech or note on the topic or the particular sermon in mention. As of such, Yang's position may not coincide with the position of Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who said in Parliament in October 2007, that while Singapore remained, as a whole, a conservative society uncomfortable with the notion of homosexuality, in recognition of the fact that homosexuals do contribute to the country, ""homosexuals would be left to lead their private lives without harassment. "" In May 2008 however, Yang (along with 26 of the 33 church leaders to which the survey was sent) declined to comment in a survey on whether the homosexuality law in the Singapore Penal Code should be actively enforced. The incident is reported in the May 2008 archives of the Singaporean Edition of the Online Christian Post, titled, ""Christian Leaders: Homosexuality Shows Singapore Needs Revival. "" In May 2008, Yang commented in a letter to the online Christian Portal The Christian Post that he understood the 2008 Myanmar Floods, caused by Cyclone Nargis, to be the ""hand of God"" to teach the nations righteousness. He viewed destruction to be from the Christian God, and encouraged his readers to view it as a warning that the end is near.",0
Shokooh_Mirzadegi,"Shokooh_Mirzadegi  2007-11-27T21:00:49Z   Shokooh Mirzādegi (Persian: شکوه ميرزادگی) began her literary work, both as a novelist and a poet, with Ferdowsi magazine and Kayhān daily in the late 1960s in Iran. Within the last four decades, she has been one of the most active figures amongst the Iranian literary community, both inside and outside Iran. During her time in Iran, she published two collections of short stories, Bi-gharari-hā-ye Pāydār (بی قراری های پايدار - Permanent restlessness) and Āghāz-e Dow'wom (آغاز دوم - The Second Beginning), two plays, Tab'idi-e Sāl-e 3000 (تبعيدی سال 3000 - The Exiled of the Year 3000) and (من حرکت می کنم پس هستم - I Move, Therefore I Am) and a number of children books. Amongst the latter, Gol va Āftāb (گل و آفتاب - The Flower and the Sun) is well-known. She also wrote numerous articles of literary, social and feministic nature. She was also the editor-in-chief of Talāsh (Struggle) Magazine. Alongside her activities as a teacher of Persian language and Literature, she has been actively involved in issues related to education and women studies, the results of which have been published in the form of a series of articles and papers. In the early 1970s, using her ex-husband's surname and writing under Shokooh Farhang, she participated in the activities of a group of Iranian writers and artist to free political prisoners. This led to their arrest and trial. She, along with many others, were sentenced to death. She and some of the prisoners, accepted to plea for pardon on a TV show-trial, and were freed after a while. Two of the group's members were executed and some spent a long time in jail. After regaining her freedom, she began writing again and in 1977 was able to obtain permission to travel abroad. She settled for some time in London but before long returned home to witness the Revolution of 1978-1979. After the new regime came to power, she was arrested again and was released only after the intervention of some Human Rights activists such as Abdolkarim Lahiji of International Federation of Human Rights Leagues. She returned to London to begin her life in exile in 1980. Her works in this period comprises of publishing of a socio-political periodical called Moghāvemat (مقاومت - Resistance), and a socio-literary periodical called Mamnu'e-hā (ممنوعه ها - The Forbiddens). She co-edited the latter with the late Manouchehr Mahjoubi. She also wrote a pamphlet on the historical conditions of Iranian women called Say'r-e nozuli-ye moghei'yyat-e zan az āghaz tā eslām (سير نزولی موقعيت زن از آغاز تا اسلام - The downward trend of the social status of women from beginning until Islam). Together with Esmail Nooriala, she co-edited a literary magazine called Puyeshgarān (پويشگران - Explorers) for eight years. She founded the Iranian Women Organization of Great Britain and participated in the foundation of Society for Iranian Writers and Artists in Britain. She also has founded the Center for Iranian Women's Documents and Studies in the USA. Her first major novel, Bigāneh-yi dar man (بيگانه ای در من - A Stranger Within Me), was published in 1993. Three years later, she published a collection of her short stories Golden Ārk (گلدن آرک - Golden Ark) and in 1987 she wrote and staged a play with feminist themes. The English translation of Bigāneh-yi dar man, A Stranger Within Me, was published in 2000. Her other works have been translated to French, German and Japanese. She has also published numerous articles on literary and social subjects during her time in the United Kingdom and, now, the USA, and has widely travelled and lectured on literary and socio-feminist subjects. She and her husband, Esmail Nooriala, immigrated to the USA in 1995, where between 2001 and 2005 they produced and hosted two weekly television programs, Kārgāh-e Andisheh (کارگاه انديشه - The Thought Workshop) and Bar Sar-e Miz-e Tashrih (بر ميز تشريح - On the Operating Table). The main emphasis of these programs were on subjects related to women, human rights and political prisoners. The programs were broadcast via satellite and reached the entire globe, including Iran. In August 2005, on becoming known that the coming into operation of Sivand Dam in the Fars province, Iran, would lead to inundation of the archaeological sites of the Pasargade Plains, she became one of the two founders of International Committee to Save the Archaeological Sites of the Pasargadae Plains. She has supervised the activities of the international branches of this Committee since then. ,  Shokooh_Mirzadegi  2008-07-12T07:11:21Z   Shokooh Mirzādegi (Persian: شکوه ميرزادگی) began her literary work, both as a novelist and a poet, with Ferdowsi magazine and Kayhān daily in the late 1960s in Iran. Over the past four decades, she has been one of the most active figures in the Iranian literary community, both inside and outside Iran. During her time in Iran, she published two collections of short stories, Bi-gharāri-hā-ye Pāydār (بی قراری های پايدار - Permanent restlessness) and Āghāz-e Dow'wom (آغاز دوم - The Second Beginning), two plays, Tab'idi-e Sāl-e 3000 (تبعيدی سال 3000 - The Exiled of the Year 3000) and Man Harekat Mikonam, Pas Hastam (من حرکت می کنم پس هستم - I Move, Therefore I Am) and a number of children's books. Amongst the latter, Gol va Āftāb (گل و آفتاب - The Flower and the Sun) is the most well-known. She also wrote numerous articles of the literary, social and feministic nature. She was further the editor-in-chief of Talāsh (Struggle) Magazine. Alongside her activities as a teacher of Persian language and Literature, she has been actively involved in issues related to education and women's studies, the results of which have been published in the form of a series of articles and papers. In the early 1970s, using her ex-husband's surname and writing under Shokooh Farhang, she participated in the activities of a group of Iranian writers and artists to free political prisoners. This led to their arrest and trial. She, along with many others of this group, were initially sentenced to death. On accepting to plea for pardon on a TV show-trial, she and some other co-defendants were freed after a while. Two of the group's members were executed however and some spent long-term prison sentences in jail. After regaining her freedom, she began writing again and in 1977 was able to obtain permission to travel abroad. She settled for some time in London but before long returned home to witness the Revolution of 1978-1979. After the new regime came to power, she was arrested again and was released only after the intervention of some Human Rights activists, notably Abdolkarim Lahiji of International Federation of Human Rights Leagues. She returned to London to begin her life in exile in 1980. Her works in this period comprises publishing of a socio-political periodical called Moghāvemat (مقاومت - Resistance), and a socio-literary periodical called Mamnu'e-hā (ممنوعه ها - The Forbiddens). She co-edited the latter with the late Manouchehr Mahjoubi. She also wrote a pamphlet on the historical conditions of Iranian women called Say'r-e nozuli-ye moghe'iyyat-e zan az āghaz tā eslām (سير نزولی موقعيت زن از آغاز تا اسلام - The downward trend of the social status of women from beginning until Islam). Together with Esmail Nooriala, she co-edited a literary magazine called Puyeshgarān (پويشگران - Explorers) for eight years. She founded the Iranian Women Organization of Great Britain and participated in the foundation of Society for Iranian Writers and Artists in Britain. She also has founded the Center for Iranian Women's Documents and Studies in the USA. Her first major novel, Bigāneh-yi dar man (بيگانه ای در من - A Stranger Within Me), was published in 1993. Three years later, she published a collection of her short stories Golden Ārk (گلدن آرک - Golden Ark) and in 1987 she wrote and staged a play with feminist themes. The English translation of Bigāneh-yi dar man, A Stranger Within Me, was published in 2000. Her other works have been translated into French, German and Japanese. She has also published numerous articles on literary and social subjects during her time in the United Kingdom and, now, the USA, and has widely travelled and lectured on literary and socio-feminist subjects. She and her husband, Esmail Nooriala, immigrated to the USA in 1995, where between 2001 and 2005 they produced and hosted two weekly television programs, Kārgāh-e Andisheh (کارگاه انديشه - The Thought Workshop) and Bar Miz-e Tashrih (بر ميز تشريح - On the Operating Table). The main emphasis of these programs were on subjects related to women, human rights and political prisoners. The programs were broadcast via satellite and reached the entire globe, including Iran. In August 2005, on becoming known that the coming into operation of Sivand Dam in the Fars province, Iran, would lead to inundation of the archaeological sites of the Pasargadae Plains, she became one of the two founders of International Committee to Save the Archaeological Sites of the Pasargadae Plains. She has supervised the activities of the international branches of this Committee since then.",0
World Darts Federation,"World Darts Federation  2009-01-04T20:10:22Z  The World Darts Federation (WDF) was formed in 1976, by representatives of fifteen (15) nations. Membership is open to the official National organizing body for Darts in all nations. The WDF encourages the promotion of the Sport of Darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for Darts as a major Sport. One of the member organisations is the British Darts Organisation (BDO), which is the official darts body for Britain, the leading darts country. It is one of two rival British darts organisations, the other being the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC), which runs its own world championship. While it is clear that the best female darts player is Trina Gulliver, having been No. 1 on eight consecutive occasions, it is more difficult to determine the best male player. No man has been No. 1 that many times in a row, although both Martin Adams and Raymond van Barneveld had held the position four times. The rankings for the men has become even more complex since the inception of the Profession Darts Corporation (PDC). The players from the PDC are not included in the rankings because the BDO, which is the British governing body, is the one that is registered with the WDF. The reason for the PDC existing is that the top 16 BDO players in 1993 disagreed with some aspects of the organisations running - so they split to form the PDC. At the time was called the World Darts Council, but it was forced to change it's name as it wasn't considered the world governing body - that was the WDF. Although domestic organisations run their own competitions, there are a selection run by the WDF. These are: These are all singles events , but there are also pairs competitions. ,  World Darts Federation  2010-12-23T12:06:59Z  The World Darts Federation (WDF) was formed in 1976, by representatives of fifteen (15) nations. Membership is open to the official National organizing body for Darts in all nations. The WDF encourages the promotion of the Sport of Darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for Darts as a major Sport. 67 national members: One of the member organisations is the British Darts Organisation (BDO), which is the official darts body for Britain, the leading darts country. It is one of two rival British darts organisations, the other being the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC), which runs its own world championship. While it is clear that the best female darts player is Trina Gulliver, having been No. 1 on eight consecutive occasions, it is more difficult to determine the best male player. No man has been No. 1 that many times in a row, although both Martin Adams and Raymond van Barneveld have held the position four times. The rankings for the men has become even more complex since the inception of the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). The players from the PDC are not included in the rankings because the BDO, which is the British governing body, is the one that is registered with the WDF. The reason for the PDC existing is that the top 16 BDO players in 1993 disagreed with some aspects of the organisation's running - so they split to form the PDC. At the time it was called the World Darts Council, but it was forced to change its name as it wasn't considered the world governing body - that was the WDF. List of WDF tournaments",1
Fides_(reliability),"Fides_(reliability)  2008-03-20T12:55:40Z   Fides (latin: ""trust"") is a guide allowing estimated reliability calculation for electronic components and systems. The reliability prediction is generally expressed in FIT (number of failures for 109 hours) or MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure or Medium Time Between two Failures). This guide provides reliability data for RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety) studies. Fides is the result of a DGA (French armament industry supervision agency) study realized by a European consortium formed with 8 industrialists from the field of aeronautics and Defence: The first aim of the Fides project was to develop a new reliability assessment method for electronic components which takes into consideration COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) and specific parts and the new technologies. The global aim is to find a replacement of the worldwide reference MIL-HDBK-217F, which is now obsolete and not maintained for more than ten years. Moreover, the MIL HDBK 217F is very pessimistic for COTS components which are more and more used in military and aerospace systems. The second aim was a reliability engineering guide in order to provide engineering process and tools to improve reliability in the development of new electronic systems. The Fides guide is made of two distinct parts. The first is a reliability prediction calculation method concerning the main electronic component families and complete subassemblies like hard disks or LCD displays. The second part is process control and “audit” guide which is a tool to assess the reliability quality and technical know-how in the operating time of the studied product, the exploitation specification and the maintenance. The Fides guide is freely available on the Fides reliability website. The French standardisation organisation UTE (Union Technique de l'Electricité) had accepted the Fides publication, with the reference UTE C 80 811 (available in both French and English). An international normative reference extension (International Electrotechnical Commission) is planned in a future step. Fides has met great interest and success since the end of the study in 2004. The method has been quickly declared as a standard that can be applied to the French military programs. For two years, the French military experts of DGA have already used FIDES method in different major programs for Defence, in missiles or tactical telecommunications fields for example. It is important to point out that American companies like Boeing, Japanese organism like JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) as well as French companies or organisms like EDF (Electricité de France, French electricity provider) or CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, French spatial agency) showed their interest in FIDES methodology. Evolutions of the Fides guide (such as the improvement of existing models and enlargement of covered component family’s spectrum) are undergoing and have to reach to a new version of the Fides guide at the end of year 2008. Reliability Reliability theory MTBF Failure rate,  Fides_(reliability)  2009-11-20T05:19:13Z   Fides (latin: ""trust"") is a guide allowing estimated reliability calculation for electronic components and systems. The reliability prediction is generally expressed in FIT (number of failures for 109 hours) or MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure or Medium Time Between two Failures). This guide provides reliability data for RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety) studies. Fides is an amazing band of a DGA (French armament industry supervision agency) study realized by a European consortium formed with 8 industrialists from the field of aeronautics and Defence: The first aim of the Fides project was to develop a new reliability assessment method for electronic components which takes into consideration COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) and specific parts and the new technologies. The global aim is to find a replacement of the worldwide reference MIL-HDBK-217F, which is now obsolete and not maintained for more than ten years. Moreover, the MIL HDBK 217F is very pessimistic for COTS components which are more and more used in military and aerospace systems. The second aim was a reliability engineering guide in order to provide engineering process and tools to improve reliability in the development of new electronic systems. The Fides guide is made of two distinct parts. The first is a reliability prediction calculation method concerning the main electronic component families and complete subassemblies like hard disks or LCD displays. The second part is process control and “audit” guide which is a tool to assess the reliability quality and technical know-how in the operating time of the studied product, the exploitation specification and the maintenance. The Fides guide is freely available on the Fides reliability website. The French standardisation organisation UTE (Union Technique de l'Electricité) had accepted the Fides publication, with the reference UTE C 80 811 (available in both French and English). An international normative reference extension (International Electrotechnical Commission) is planned in a future step. Fides has met great interest and success since the end of the study in 2004. The method has been quickly declared as a standard that can be applied to the French military programs. For two years, the French military experts of DGA have already used FIDES method in different major programs for Defence, in missiles or tactical telecommunications fields for example. American companies like Boeing, Japanese organism like JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) as well as French companies or organisms like EDF (Electricité de France, French electricity provider) or CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, French spatial agency) showed their interest in FIDES methodology. Evolutions of the Fides guide (such as the improvement of existing models and enlargement of covered component family’s spectrum) are undergoing and have to reach to a new version of the Fides guide at the middle of year 2009. Reliability Reliability theory MTBF Failure rate",0
Yellow_Pages_Endeavour,"Yellow_Pages_Endeavour  2008-06-06T11:56:23Z   The Yellow Pages Endeavour, or YPE, is an Australian sailboat designed for speed sailing, which held the outright 500 meter world record from October, 1993 to November, 2004, when it was taken by windsurfer Finian Maynard; the YPE still holds the B and C class records. The YPE has been succeeded in record attempts by the similarly designed Extreme 50, renamed Macquarie Innovation, built and operated by the same team. Since the mid 1980's, advances in windsurfer design have led to windsurfers' dominance in the 500 m short course speed sailing records. The YPE managed to take back that record from the windsurfers, before falling again in tight competition. The Macquarie Innovation is attempting to take that record back, and break the 50-knot (93 km/h) barrier. Designed by Lindsay Cunningham, the both boats are triscaph proa-like designs (though often referred to as a trimaran) intended for sailing in one direction. They have three hulls attached to a Y shaped aka. The ama, or windward hull, contains the cockpit and controls for the two crew members. The remaining two hulls travel in line, forming a vaka, or leeward hull. The rigid wingsail is attached to the center of the Y. The YPE used a high aspect sail, while the Macquarie Innovation uses a larger, lower aspect sail on a wider platform in an attempt to generate more power with less heeling force. Though the designs are often referred to as foil born, the hulls are designed to plane, and both versions have been photographed with the ama lifted clear of the water. A series of cavitation resistant asymmetric foils, with fences to prevent ventilation at height speeds, are situated in the vaka hulls serve to provide lateral resistance. The construction of the load bearing portions of the vaka hulls and aka are primarily of unidirectional carbon fiber composite over a nomex core. These are then faired using heat shrink membrane over foam cores. The ama is constructed of lightweight marine grade plywood, and is designed to shatter and throw the crew clear of the cockpit in the event of a crash. The wingsail is made of a heat shrink membrane over a lightweight foam core. In October 1993 skipper Simon McKeon and crew member Tim Daddo took the world record in the YPE with an official speed of 46. 52 knots (53. 5 mph or 86. 2 km/h) off the coast of Sandy Point, Victoria, Australia. The record was set in winds of 19 to 20 knots (37 km/h), for a top speed of 2. 3 times the windspeed. The Macquarie Innovation has already shown speeds of 43 knots (80 km/h) in 15—17 knots (31 km/h) of wind, 2. 5 times windspeed, and the team hopes that a good sailing day in 20 knots (37 km/h) of wind will break the 50-knot (93 km/h) barrier. The YPE and MI designs are highly specialized craft, designed to operate only under ideal conditions for record attempts. The location, Sandy Point, provides the unusual combination of very smooth water and high winds needed for record attempts. Even so, times when ideal conditions are available are scarce; in the 2007 season, one 28 day period yielded only 1. 5 hours of good sailing time, in a 17-knot (31 km/h) wind, not enough for a record setting performance Every run also risks a crash, which, due to the lightweight nature of the craft, can result in disaster, such as in 2004 when a capsize destroyed the Macquarie Innovation. When this happens, the vessel must be rebuilt, costing time, money, and possible good sailing days. On the other hand, the YPE set the world record only 8 months after a crash that wrecked the vessel. ,  Yellow_Pages_Endeavour  2009-11-15T19:15:14Z   The Yellow Pages Endeavour, or YPE, is an Australian sailboat designed for speed sailing, which held the outright 500 meter world record from October, 1993 to November, 2004, when it was taken by windsurfer Finian Maynard; the YPE still holds the B and C class records. The YPE has been succeeded in record attempts by the similarly designed Extreme 50, renamed Macquarie Innovation, built and operated by the same team. Designed by Lindsay Cunningham, the both boats are triscaph proa-like designs (though often referred to as a trimaran) intended for sailing in one direction. They have three hulls attached to a Y shaped aka. The ama, or windward hull, contains the cockpit and controls for the two crew members. The remaining two hulls travel in line, forming a vaka, or leeward hull. The rigid wingsail is attached to the center of the Y. The YPE used a high aspect sail, while the Macquarie Innovation uses a larger, lower aspect sail on a wider platform in an attempt to generate more power with less heeling force. Though the designs are often referred to as foil born, the hulls are designed to plane, and both versions have been photographed with the ama lifted clear of the water. A series of cavitation resistant asymmetric foils, with fences to prevent ventilation at height speeds, are situated in the vaka hulls serve to provide lateral resistance. The construction of the load bearing portions of the vaka hulls and aka are primarily of unidirectional carbon fiber composite over a nomex core. These are then faired using heat shrink membrane over foam cores. The ama is constructed of lightweight marine grade plywood, and is designed to shatter and throw the crew clear of the cockpit in the event of a crash. The wingsail is made of a heat shrink membrane over a lightweight foam core. In October 1993 skipper Simon McKeon and crew member Tim Daddo took the world record in the YPE with an official speed of 46. 52 knots (53. 5 mph or 86. 2 km/h) off the coast of Sandy Point, Victoria, Australia. The record was set in winds of 19 to 20 knots (37 km/h), for a top speed of 2. 3 times the windspeed. The Macquarie Innovation has already shown speeds of 43 knots (80 km/h) in 15—17 knots (31 km/h) of wind, 2. 5 times windspeed, and the team hopes that a good sailing day in 20 knots (37 km/h) of wind will break the 50-knot (93 km/h) barrier. The YPE and MI designs are highly specialized craft, designed to operate only under ideal conditions for record attempts. The location, Sandy Point, provides the unusual combination of very smooth water and high winds needed for record attempts. Even so, times when ideal conditions are available are scarce; in the 2007 season, one 28 day period yielded only 1. 5 hours of good sailing time, in a 17-knot (31 km/h) wind, not enough for a record setting performance Every run also risks a crash, which, due to the lightweight nature of the craft, can result in disaster, such as in 2004 when a capsize destroyed the Macquarie Innovation. When this happens, the vessel must be rebuilt, costing time, money, and possible good sailing days. On the other hand, the YPE set the world record only 8 months after a crash that wrecked the vessel.",0
HESA_Shahed_278,"HESA_Shahed_278  2008-12-02T13:50:24Z   The HESA Shahed 278 (شاهد-278) is a light utility helicopter developed in Iran. Iran's Shahed Aviation Industries Research Center plans to produce several variants of Shahed, the sources said. The first platform was the Shahed-278(Oh-78), described as a light reconnaissance helicopter and armed with weapons and sensors. Test flights of the Shahed-278(Oh-78) began in 2005. Four-seater; intended for dual military/civil use, though designed primarily to meet military requirements. Designed entirely in Iran, according to manufacturer, although some sources report use of locally made airframe and dynamic components of Bell 206 Jet Ranger. The compositeShahed-278 is a relatively light helicopter with 682kg of empty weight. It is capable of hovering as high as 5430m, and has a maximum speed of 230km/h. although designed by the IRGC, this helicopter is scheduled to be produced by HESA. POWER PLANT: Single turboshaft. Prototypes have evaluated Rolls-Royce 250 and equivalents from Turbomeca and a Russian supplier, but final selection apparently not made by late 2002. Fuel capacity 287 litres Max. take-off weight: 1451kg, Empty weight: 682kg, max. level speed: 240km/h, service ceiling: 6400m, hovering ceiling IGE: 6200m, hovering ceiling OGE: 4800m, range 340km Related development This article related to the Iranian armed forces is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article on an aircraft of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  HESA_Shahed_278  2010-04-25T00:21:37Z   The HESA Shahed 278 (شاهد-278) is a light utility helicopter developed in Iran. Iran's Shahed Aviation Industries Research Center plans to produce several variants of Shahed, the sources said. The first platform was the Shahed-278(Oh-78), described as a light reconnaissance helicopter and armed with weapons and sensors. Test flights of the Shahed-278(Oh-78) began in 2005. The composite Shahed-278 is a relatively light helicopter with 682 kg of empty weight. It is a four-seater; intended for dual military/civil use, though designed primarily to meet military requirements. Designed entirely in Iran, according to manufacturer, although some sources report use of locally made airframe and dynamic components of Bell 206 Jet Ranger. Although designed by the IRGC, this helicopter is scheduled to be produced by HESA. General characteristics Performance Fuel capacity: 287 litres Related development This article related to the Iranian armed forces is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article on an aircraft of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2010-01-03T07:54:22Z  Tianjin Teda FC (Simplified Chinese: 天津泰达足球俱乐部) is a Chinese football club based in Tianjin and owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area). The club was founded in 1957, and took on its current identity in 1998, becoming Jia B Champions that same year. They currently play in the Chinese Super League. Teda's home stadium is the 37,450 seat capacity TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. The current head coach is the former National Team Manager Arie Haan. Assistant coaches include former Chinese football top star Yu Genwei (于根伟), former midfielder Liu Xueyu (刘学宇) and former goalkeeper Wang Jianying (王建英). The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. Reserve Team U19 Team U15 Team All-Time League rankings no league games in 1959, 1966 to 1972, and 1975; Tianjin didn't compete in 1992 Jia B but had kept their spot in the league FA Cup results CSL Cup results As of 21 August 2009 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. In Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Out Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. start  Super League 2009  Champions League 2009  end,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2011-12-25T00:02:06Z  Tianjin Teda FC (Chinese: 天津泰达足球俱乐部; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá zúqiú jùlèbù) is a Chinese football club based in Tianjin and owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area). The club was founded in 1957, and took on its current identity in 1998, becoming Jia B Champions that same year. They currently play in the Chinese Super League. Teda's home stadium is the 37,450 seat capacity TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. The current head coach position is open after former head coach Arie Haan left after season 2011. Assistant coaches include former team captain Wang Xiao (王霄) , former midfielder Liu Xueyu (刘学宇) and former goalkeeper of national team Fu Bin (符宾). Evidence recently suggested that Tianjin had paid some officers and referees of China Football Association bribes (12 million Yuans) to avoid being demoted to the lower level league. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. All-Time League rankings no league games in 1959, 1966–72, and 1975; Tianjin didn't compete in 1992 Jia B but had kept their spot in the league FA Cup results CSL Cup results TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. squad blank column Source: http://www.fa.org.cn  Champions League",1
Botola,"Botola  2006-04-28T15:18:40Z  GNF 1 (Groupement National de Football), is the top division of the Moroccan Football League, the highest football league in Morocco. ,  Botola  2007-12-27T13:05:20Z  The Botola (Arabic: البطولة المغربية), is the top division of the Moroccan football league system, the highest football league in Morocco, it's organised by the GNF. start  end",1
Taiwan independence movement,"Taiwan independence movement  2001-11-20T05:16:45Z  Political movement whose goal is to create a sovereign, independent Taiwan. This movement began under the Japanese. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of mainlanders. ,  Taiwan independence movement  2002-08-27T01:36:50Z  Taiwan independence is a political movement whose goal is to create a sovereign, independent Taiwan. It is supported by the pan-green coalition on Taiwan and opposed by the pan-blue coalition and the People's Republic of China. This movement is internationally significant in that a formal declaration of independence is one of the three conditions under which the PRC has stated that it will take military action against Taiwan (the other two being that Taiwan develops an atomic bomb, or if Taiwan comes under 'foreign interference'). This would raise the possibility of an intervention by the United States under the Taiwan Relations Act and the possibility of a superpower conflict in East Asia. This movement began under the Japanese. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. people who came over with Chiang's armies in the late 1940's). Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to hold parliamentary elections. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Republic of Taiwan. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Min-nan in opposition to the school taught Mandarin. Taiwan independence has been some of the motivation behind the Taiwanese localization movement. In more recent years, the focus of the movement has changed to that of insuring the sovereign and dignity of Taiwan against the possiblity of rule by the People's Republic of China, and as such has been more willing to take on the symbols of the Republic of China. The movement has also moderated in recent years because of decreasing friction between ""Mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan, increasing economic ties with the Mainland, continuing threats by the People's Republic of China to invade if it declares independence, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Opinion polls suggest that the vast majority of Taiwanese support the ""status quo"" which is to leave Taiwan's status exactly the way that it is. One advantage of this option is that it avoids the necessity of defining exactly what Taiwan's status really is.",1
2006_Seniors_Torneo_Godó,"2006_Seniors_Torneo_Godó  2013-03-06T06:12:43Z   The 2006 Seniors Torneo Godó was the first edition of the Seniors Torneo Godó and it took place from April 20-23, 2006.,  2006_Seniors_Torneo_Godó  2013-03-06T06:22:49Z   The 2006 Seniors Torneo Godó was the first edition of the Seniors Torneo Godó and it took place from April 20–23, 2006.",0
Remote_Control_/_Three_MC's_and_One_DJ,"Remote_Control_/_Three_MC's_and_One_DJ  2009-04-20T02:40:51Z   ""Three MC's and One DJ"" is both a single from the album Hello Nasty and a B-side to the single Remote Control by the Beastie Boys. It was released on July 14, 1998. This song features Mix Master Mike and it is also Mix Master Mike's debut song. Mike D, Ad Rock and MCA wait as three MCs in a basement room of an apartment for their DJ Mix Master Mike. He appears at the entrance door of the apartment in a Ghostbuster costume after a short while (of the three waiting). He rings the bell but the Boys do not move, so he has to wait for someone else exiting the apartment to sneak in. Then he arrives at the room, gets behind the deck and the four start to perform. When the song / performance ends, the three goes back to the same position like before the performance started, and Mix Master Mike leaves. This video is also featured on the Beastie Boys Anthology: The Sounds of Science compilation album. ,  Remote_Control_/_Three_MC's_and_One_DJ  2010-08-12T18:45:52Z   ""Remote Control"" is a single by The Beastie Boys, released with B-side ""Three MCs and One DJ"" in 1999 in the UK. Both songs come from the album Hello Nasty. The CD comes in a jewel case with no front or the back inserts. ""Three MCs"" features Mix Master Mike and marks his debut song with the group. The single reached number 21 on the UK Singles Chart. Mike D, Ad Rock and MCA wait as three MCs in a basement room of an apartment for their DJ Mix Master Mike. He appears at the entrance door of the apartment in a Ghostbuster costume after a short while (of the three waiting). He rings the bell but the Boys do not move, so he has to wait for someone else exiting the apartment to sneak in. Then he arrives at the room, gets behind the deck and the four start to perform. The three go back to the same position as they were before the performance started and Mix Master Mike leaves when the video ends. This video is also featured on the Beastie Boys Anthology: The Sounds of Science compilation album.",0
Taiwan independence movement,"Taiwan independence movement  2010-01-13T03:15:15Z  Taiwan is a terrorist rebel state which must come home to the whole Chinese people. ,  Taiwan independence movement  2011-12-26T09:46:51Z  Taiwan independence is a political movement whose goals are primarily to formally establish the Republic of Taiwan by renaming or replacing the Republic of China (ROC) (commonly known as Taiwan), form a Taiwanese national identity, reject unification and One country, two systems with the People's Republic of China (PRC) (commonly known as China and mainland China) and a Chinese identity, and obtaining international recognition as a sovereign state. The success of this movement would be one possible outcome for the resolution of the political status of Taiwan. This movement is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan and opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition which seeks to retain the somewhat ambiguous status quo of the ROC under the 1992 consensus, or gradually reunify with mainland China at some point. Due to the PRC's claim of sovereignty over Taiwan and repeated military threats made by the PRC, a formal declaration of independence could lead to a military confrontation between the Military of the Republic of China and the People's Liberation Army of the PRC, escalating and involving other countries, such as the United States and Japan. The use of independence for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Republic of Taiwan, or to the notion that Taiwan is synonymous with the current Republic of China and already is independent, which is against the People's Republic of China's claim. (See Special state-to-state relations and One Country on Each Side.) Prior to 1895, both Taiwan and mainland China were ruled by the Qing Empire. Following the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan was ceded by Qing government to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the end of World War II in 1945, Taiwan was taken over by the ROC forces who, then, ruled most of mainland China. Since the defeat and expulsion of the ruling Kuomintang ROC government by the Communist Party of China from mainland China in 1949, the ROC government has controlled only Taiwan and its surrounding islands. Whether the current ROC makes Taiwan already independent or not is controversial in Cross-Strait relations. Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement. According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Manchu rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, ""Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion"". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid. The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was ironically supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing ""Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers General Order No. 1"" the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would ""temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."" Modern-day political movement for Taiwan independence dates back to the Japanese colonial period but only became a viable political force within Taiwan in the 1990s. Taiwanese independence was advocated periodically during the Japanese colonial period, but was suppressed by the Japanese government. These efforts were the goal of the Taiwanese Communist Party of the late 1920s. Unlike current formulations, and in line with the thinking of the Comintern, such a state would have been a proletarian one. With the end of World War II in 1945, Japanese rule ended, but the subsequent autocratic rule of the ROC's Kuomintang (KMT) later revived calls for local rule. However, it was a movement supported by the Chinese students who were born on the Island and not associated with KMT. It found its roots in the US and Japan. In the 1950s a Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government was set up in Japan. Liao Wen-yih was nominally the President. At one time it held quasi-official relations with the newly independent Indonesia. This was possible mainly through the connections between Sukarno and the Provisional Government's Southeast Asian liaison, Chen Chih-hsiung, who had assisted in Indonesia's local resistance movements against the Japanese rule. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. mainland Chinese-born people who fled to Taiwan with KMT in the late 1940s). The 228 incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law which lasted until 1987 contributed to a so-called sense of White Terror on the island. In 1979, the Kaohsiung Incident, occurred as the movement for democracy and independence intensified. Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the ROC government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and it used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to vacate the seats held by delegates elected on the mainland in 1947 for the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Republic of Taiwan. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school taught Mandarin Chinese. Several scholars drafted various versions of a constitution, as both political statement or vision and as intellectual exercise. Most of these drafts favor a bicameral parliamentary rather than presidential system. In at least one such draft, seats in the upper house would be divided equally among Taiwan's established ethnicities. In the 1980s the Chinese Nationalist government considered publication of these ideas criminal. In the most dramatic case, it decided to arrest the pro-independence publisher Cheng Nan-jung for publishing a version in his Tang-wai magazine, Liberty Era Weekly (自由時代週刊). Rather than giving himself up, Cheng self-immolated in protest. Other campaigns and tactics toward such a State have included soliciting designs from the public for a new national flag (see image) and anthem (for example, Taiwan the Formosa). More recently the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign (台灣正名運動) has played an active role. More traditional independence supporters, however, have criticized name rectification as merely a superficial tactic devoid of the larger vision inherent in the Republic of Taiwan agenda. Various overseas Taiwan Independence movements, such as the Formosan Association, World United Formosans for Independence, United Young Formosans for Independence (Japan), Union for Formosa's Independence in Europe, United Formosans in America for Independence, Committee for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto, Ont.), published ""The Independent Formosa"" in several volumes with the publisher ""Formosan Association."" In ""The Independent Formosa, Volumes 2-3"", they tried to justify Taiwanese collaboration with Japan during World War II by saying that the ""atmosphere covered the whole Japanese territories, including Korea and Formosa, and the Japanese mainlands as well"", when Taiwanese publications supported Japan's ""holy war"", and that the people who did it were not at fault. The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence. In 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo became director of the secret police, which he remained until 1965. Chiang also considered some people who were friends to Americans to be his enemies. An enemy of the Chiang family, Wu Kuo-chen, was kicked out of his position of governor of Taiwan by Chiang Ching-kuo and fled to America in 1953. Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and Kuomintang party activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute. Chiang orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American CIA against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The CIA allegedly wanted to help Sun take control of Taiwan and declare its independence. During the martial law era lasting until 1987, discussion of Taiwan independence was forbidden in Taiwan, at a time when recovery of the mainland and national unification were the stated goals of the ROC. During that time, many advocates of independence and other dissidents fled overseas, and carried out their advocacy work there, notably in Japan and the United States. Part of their work involved setting up think tanks, political organizations, and lobbying networks in order to influence the politics of their host countries, notably the United States, the ROC's main ally at the time, though they would not be very successful until much later. Within Taiwan, the independence movement was one of many dissident causes among the intensifying democracy movement of the 1970s, which culminated in the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was eventually formed to represent dissident causes. After the lifting of martial law in 1987, and the acceptance of multi-party politics, the Democratic Progressive Party became increasingly identified with Taiwan independence, which entered its party platform in 1991. At the same time, many overseas independence advocates and organizations returned to Taiwan and for the first time openly promoted their cause in Taiwan, gradually building up political support. Many had fled into the US or Europe and had been on a black list held by KMT, which had held them back from going back to Taiwan. There they had built many organisations like European Federation of Taiwanese Associations or Formosan Association for Public Affairs. By the late 1990s, DPP and Taiwan independence have gained a solid electoral constituency in Taiwan, supported by an increasingly vocal and hardcore base. As the electoral success of the DPP, and later, the DPP-led Pan-Green Coalition grew in recent years, the Taiwan independence movement shifted focus to identity politics by proposing many plans involving symbolism and social engineering. The interpretation of historical events such as the 228 Incident, the use of broadcast language and mother tongue education in schools, the official name and flag of the ROC, slogans in the army, orientation of maps all have been issues of concern to the present-day Taiwan independence movement. The movement, at its peak in the 70s through the 90s in the form of the Taiwan literature movement and other cultural upheavals, has moderated in recent years with the assimilation of these changes. Friction between ""mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan has decreased due to shared interests: increasing economic ties with mainland China, continuing threats by the PRC to invade, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Since the late 1990s many supporters of Taiwan independence have argued that Taiwan, as the ROC, is already independent from the mainland, making a formal declaration unnecessary. In May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party formalized this position in its ""Resolution on Taiwan's Future"". In February 2007, President Chen Shui-bian initiated the change of names of state-owned enterprises, nation's embassies and overseas representative offices. As a result Chunghwa Post Co. (中華郵政) was renamed Taiwan Post Co (臺灣郵政) until the Kuomintang victories of 2008 votes, and Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) is now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan (臺灣中油) and the signs in Taiwan's embassies now display the word ""Taiwan"" under ""Republic of China"". In 2007, the recently renamed Taiwan Post Co. issued stamps bearing the name ""Taiwan"" in remembrance of the 228 Incident. The Pan-Blue camp voiced its opposition to the changes and the former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou (zh:馬英九) said that it would generate diplomatic troubles and cause cross-strait tensions. Later, U.S. Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack said that the U.S. does not support administrative steps that would appear to change Taiwan's status or move toward independence. Former president Lee Teng-hui has stated that it is unnecessary to pursue Taiwanese independence. Lee views Taiwan as already an independent state, and that the call for ""Taiwanese independence"" could even confuse the international community by implying that Taiwan once viewed itself as part of China. From this perspective, Taiwan is independent even if it remains unable to enter the UN. Lee said the most important goals are to improve the people's livelihoods, build national consciousness, make a formal name change and draft a new constitution that reflects the present reality so that Taiwan can officially identify itself as a country. Legislative elections were held on January 12, 2008, resulting in a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature for the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition. President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party was handed a heavy defeat, winning only the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. Two months later, the election for the 12th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held in the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan) on Saturday, March 22, 2008. Kuomintang (KMT) nominee Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party rule. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. Following his election, Ma Ying-jeou publicly stated that he did not wish his inauguration commemoration stamps to be marked ""Taiwan Post"", because the name change was ""illegal"". In respect of the administration's wishes, the postal service marked the inauguration stamps with Chinese characters for the ""Republic of China"", as well as ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" in English. On August 1, 2008, the company resolved to reverse the name change and restored the name ""Chunghwa Post"". The Board of Directors, as well as resolving to restore the name of the corporation, also resolved to re-hire the chief executive dismissed in 2007, and to withdraw defamation proceedings against him. The Executive Yuan on August 21, 2008, under the new Ma Administration, officially restored the name ""National Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall"" to the hall. On September 2, 2008, Ma defined the relations between Taiwan and mainland China as ""special"", but ""not that between two states"" - they are relations based on two areas of one state, with Taiwan considering that state to be the Republic of China, and mainland China considering that state to be the People's Republic of China. Domestically, the issue of independence has dominated Taiwanese politics for the past few decades. This is also a grave issue for mainland China. The creation of the Republic of Taiwan is formally the goal of the Taiwan Solidarity Union and former President Lee Teng-hui. Although the Democratic Progressive Party was originally also an advocate for both the idea of the Republic of Taiwan and Taiwan independence, as it took power the DPP has tried taking a middle line in which a sovereign, independent Taiwan is identified with the ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" and its symbols. Internationally, this movement is significant in that a formal declaration of independence is one of the five conditions the PRC has stated or implied under which it will take military action against Taiwan to force reunification — the other four being that Taiwan makes a military alliance with a foreign power, there is internal turmoil in Taiwan, Taiwan gains weapons of mass destruction, or Taiwan refuses to negotiate on the basis of ""one China"". (Recently, the PRC government warned that if the situation in Taiwan becomes ""worse"" it will not look on ""indifferently."" Given the terms of the Taiwan Relations Act, this raises the possibility of a superpower conflict in East Asia.) The United States would likely be obligated to come to the aid of Taiwan under the terms of the Act according to US domestic law. However, this interpretation of the Act is disputed. Constitutional law requires that a normal declaration of war be sought by the President of the United States in an act of Congress signed by the President. The questions of independence and the island's relationship to Mainland China are complex and inspire very strong emotions among Taiwanese people. There are some who continue to maintain the KMT position that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (including Taiwan) and that the aim of the government should be eventual reunification of the mainland and Taiwan under the rule of the ROC. Some say Taiwan has been, and should continue to be, completely independent from China and should operate as a sovereign nation. Then, there are numerous positions running the entire spectrum between these two extremes. On October 25, 2004, in Beijing, the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said Taiwan is ""not sovereign"", provoking strong comments from both the Pan-Green and Pan-Blue coalitions – but for very different reasons. From the DPP's side, President Chen declared that ""Taiwan is definitely a sovereign, independent country, a great country that absolutely does not belong to the People's Republic of China"". The TSU (Taiwan Solidarity Union) criticized Powell, and questioned why the US sold weapons to Taiwan if it was not a sovereign state. From the KMT, Chairman Ma Ying-jeou announced that ""the Republic of China has been a sovereign state ever since it was formed "". The pro-unification PFP Party Chairman, James Soong, called it ""Taiwan's biggest failure in diplomacy"". From an academic (and practical) standpoint, however, the current state of Taiwan's legal status is at best ambiguous. One of the fundamental tenets of international law with regard to statehood is that a state exists when it has the ability to enter into relations with other states, and Taiwan has only limited relations with other states. There are basically three major views of Taiwanese independence. The first view, put forward by the government of the PRC, defines Taiwan independence as ""splitting Taiwan from China, causing division of the nation and the people."" What PRC claims by this statement is somewhat ambiguous according to supporters of Taiwanese independence, as some statements by the PRC seem to identify China solely and uncompromisingly with the PRC, and others indicate a broader and more flexible definition suggesting a cultural and geographic entity of which both mainland China and Taiwan are parts but divided politically due to the Chinese Civil War. The PRC considers itself the sole legitimate government of all China, and the ROC to be a defunct entity replaced in the Communist revolution which succeeded in 1949. Therefore, assertions that the ROC is a sovereign state are construed as support for Taiwan independence while proposals to change the name of the ROC to Republic of Taiwan are paradoxically met with even more disapproval since this would be the equivalent of formally dropping the notion that Taiwan is part of the greater China entity (as a side of an unresolved Chinese civil war). Before the passing of UN Resolution 2758 in 1971, the Republic Of China was recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. Afterwards, the PRC became recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. During PRC President Hu Jintao's visit to the United States on 20 April 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush reaffirmed to the world that the U.S. would uphold its ""one China"" policy. The official position of the PRC is that Taiwan is a province of China, and has ""always"" been part of China. The PRC often claims independence is wanted by only a small group, and that this group is trying to brainwash the local population to support this objective. In the 2000 White Paper, the PRC government stated that the people of Taiwan do not have the right to determine their own fate by declaring independence through a referendum or otherwise because ""The sovereignty over Taiwan belongs to all the Chinese people including Taiwan compatriots, and not to some of the people in Taiwan."" The paper further stated that unification with mainland China is the only option. Efforts to change names of official buildings, government organizations, tributary monuments by replacing ""China"" with ""Taiwan"" have met with opposition – whether this is due to a political view that Taiwan is part of China or out of concern that such actions may provoke violence from Beijing is unclear. A second view is that Taiwan is already an independent nation with the official name ""Republic Of China"", which has been independent (i.e. de facto separate from Mainland China) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, when the ROC lost control of mainland China, with only Taiwan (including the Penghu islands), Kinmen, the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian Province, and some of the islands in the South China Sea remaining under its administration. Although previously no major political faction adopted this pro-status quo viewpoint, because it is a ""compromise"" in face of PRC threats and American warnings against a unilateral declaration of independence, the DPP combined it with their traditional belief to form their latest official policy. This viewpoint has not been adopted by more radical groups such as the Taiwan Solidarity Union, which favor only the third view described below and are in favor of a Republic or State of Taiwan. In addition, many members of the Pan-Blue Coalition are rather suspicious of this view, fearing that adopting this definition of Taiwan independence is merely an insincere stealth tactical effort to advance desinicization and the third view of Taiwan independence. As a result, supporters of pan-blue tend to make a clear distinction between Taiwan independence and Taiwan sovereignty, while supporters of Pan-Green tend to try to blur the distinction between the two. Most Taiwanese of all political parties support the status quo, and recognize that this is de facto independence through sovereign self-rule. Even among those who believe Taiwan is and should remain independent, the threat of war from PRC softens their approach, and they tend to support maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing an ideological path that could result in war with the PRC. When the two-states policy was put forward by President Lee Teng-hui, he received 80 percent support. A similar situation arose when President Chen Shui-bian declared that there was ""one country on each side"" of the Taiwan Strait. The parties disagree, sometimes bitterly, on such things as territory, name (R.O.C. or Taiwan), future policies, and interpretations of history. The Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC believe that Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian are intent on publicly promoting a moderate form of Taiwan independence in order to advance secretly deeper forms of Taiwan independence, and that they intend to use popular support on Taiwan for political separation to advance notions of cultural and economic separation. The third view considers the move for Taiwan independence as a nationalist movement. This is the opinion, historically, put forward by such pro-independence groups on Taiwan as the tang wai movement (which later grew into the Democratic Progressive Party), which argue that the ROC under the Kuomintang has been in the past a ""foreign regime"" forcibly imposed on Taiwan. Since the 1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence no longer actively make this argument. Instead, the argument has been that in order to survive against the growing power of the PRC, Taiwan must view itself as a separate and distinct entity from ""China"". This involves removing the name of China from official and unofficial items in Taiwan, making changes in history books to focus mainly on Taiwan as a central entity, promoting the use of Taiwanese, reducing economic links with mainland China, and in general thinking of Taiwan as a separate entity. In this view, China is a foreign entity, and the goal of this movement is to create an internationally recognized country which is separate from any concept of China. Kinmen and Matsu off the coast of Fujian and some of the islands in the South China Sea, which are historically not part of Taiwan, are to be excluded from the proposed state of Taiwan. Some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that the Treaty of San Francisco justifies Taiwan independence by not explicitly granting Taiwan to either the ROC or the PRC. This legal justification is rejected by both the PRC and ROC governments. It is also thought that if formal independence were declared, Taiwan's foreign policies would lean further towards Japan and the United States. Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement",1
Canada–Latin_America_relations,"Canada–Latin_America_relations  2008-10-24T00:32:12Z   Canada-Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America. This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states, plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states, or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States (OAS). Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization. Culturally, Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European, indigenous American, and immigrant influences. Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking, and since French is a ""Latin"" language, Canada (or more often Quebec) is sometimes considered an honourary part of Latin America. However, Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos. For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other. However Canada's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990. In the few decades following Canadian Confederation in 1867 Canada had virtually no political, economic or socio-cultural role in the Americas. The degree of Canadian involvement in the region around the turn of the 20th Century hardly extended beyond vague economic interests of a bilateral nature with certain states and Québécois missionary excursions. Since Canadian foreign policy was largely constrained by the British during these years, political and economic relations remained tethered and controlled. Even after Canada gained political autonomy in foreign relations with the Statute of Westminster (1931) relations with Latin America remained weak due to domestic economic turmoil. Following increased solidarity between regions in Latin America throughout the 1800s came the birth of the Pan-American Union in 1910. Between 1909 and 1941 Latin American states (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and others) repeatedly appealed for Canadian involvement in union. In accordance with the Monroe Doctrine the United States actively opposed Canadian involvement as Canada’s foreign relations were subject to the interests of a European power, Britain. Nevertheless, Canada remained outside of the union for reasons of economic disinterest. By the early 1940s Canada had become a relatively important industrial producer that was in desperate need of integration in additional foreign markets. Devastation in Europe at the hand of World War II made Latin America a logical alternative. Unfortunately for Canadian interests the period following the Second World War marked an important shift in the world political and economic order that saw the growth and spread of communism. The onset of the Cold War had important implications for Canadian foreign policy. Significantly, Canadian officials saw Latin America as a region particularly vulnerable to the spread of communism because of vast underdevelopment and socio-economic disparities. More importantly for Canada, however, was the immense propagation of American economic and political dominance and Americanization throughout the world. While Canada, like the United States during the early cold war years, could be viewed as a liberal-democracy devoted to the spread of capitalism and free market ideals, the Canadian form of the ideology was inherently more accepting of socialist facets. Effectively, Canada grew closer to many Latin American states and often acted as a mediator between the United States and Latin America. The early years of Pierre Trudeau’s time in office as Prime Minister of Canada marked an important shift in Canada’s role in international politics. During this time Canada, under Trudeau’s realist and pragmatist ideals, began to view relations with previously untapped global regions such as Latin America as vital to Canada’s future political and economic interests. Trudeau illuminates these ideas: ""We have to take greater account of the ties which bind us to other nations in this hemisphere – in the Caribbean, Latin America – and of their economic needs. We have to explore relations with Latin America, where more than 400 million people will live by the turn of the century and where we have substantial interests” – Pierre Elliot Trudeau Between October and November 1968, Canada sent a delegate of various ministers to tour nine Latin American states (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala) as a stage in Canada’s foreign policy review. From the excursion Canada aimed to a) evaluate potential benefits from increased relations, b) explore global policy congruence with individual Latin American states, c) improve overall relations in South America. Ultimately, the mission garnered results on several fronts related to issues of economic cooperation, integration and growth, security and nuclear non-proliferation, as well as general information gathering. The 1968 mission had two profound institutional effects. First, the mission directly led to the creation of a Latin American task force in 1969. This task force was at the forefront of issues involving Canada’s role/potential role in joining the Organization of American States (OAS). Second, the mission was elemental in establishing the founding principles of the Latin American section of Trudeau’s complete revision of foreign policy – a series of documents entitled “Foreign Policy for Canadians” released in 1970. This series of documents considered massive changes in global power dynamics (eg the reduced threat of communism), the role of non-state actors, and the absolute necessity of preserving Canadian independence. In the years following these diplomatic advancements came several key initiatives, programs and institutions. In 1971, to deal with issues of Latin American integration, Trudeau founded the Bureau of Western-Hemispheric Affairs. In 1972, Canada officially entered the OAS under observer status and joined the Inter-American Development Bank to increasingly aid developmental initiatives in Latin America. Further, by 1972, Canada had seen an increase of roughly 40% in exports to the region in only 4 years and made tremendous progress with individual states like Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela. In spite of some minor short comings in certain Latin American states, Canada was overwhelming pleased with advancements in relations between the two regions by 1973. By the mid-1970s Canada’s national policy toward Latin America – and other regions of the globe – had almost completely diverged from that of the United States. This was an especially momentous time in Canadian foreign politics because, until this point, Canada had been under the vast political and economic influence of her neighbour to the South. This incredible divergence was essentially manifested in Mitchell Sharp’s “Options for the Future” (otherwise known as the ‘Third Option Paper’), which reaffirmed the tenets of “Foreign Policy for Canadians”, but considered U. S. -Canada relations in greater detail. Sharp’s paper advocated the growth of Canadian economic, political and cultural ‘distinctiveness’, but did not encourage alienation from America. Ultimately, Sharp’s ideas had a profound and lasting effect on Canadian policy and were central to the outward growth of Canada in the international sphere for many years. By and large, the 1970s represented a period of growth in Canada-Latin America relations that produced episodes of incredible significance and garnered tremendous potential for future relations. Importantly, the emerging distinctiveness of Canada on the global stage (in an increasingly multi-polar international system) was particularly visible in relations with Latin America. In radical deviation from the policies and ideological attitudes of the United States, Canada pursued policies of tolerance and acceptance with respect to Latin American states. Canadian tolerance was evident throughout the 1970s – with the acceptance of thousands of leftist Chilean refugees between 1970 and 1980, opposition to various American political interventions in South America, or Trudeau’s tour of Mexico, Venezuela, and Cuba in 1976. New notions of trans-hemispheric integration/relations began to take prominence as Canada found itself involved in Latin American affairs in a meaningful way. By the late 1970s Canada called for the progressive advancement of the OAS that was deemed by Canadian observers as ineffective and deficient. By 1979, Canada sought global channels and forums, namely the United Nations, to vocalize discontent, concerns, and thoughts on inter-American affairs that included trading blocs, nuclear proliferation issues, and human rights abuses (in the case of Argentina). The period between 1980 and 1984 would mark the final term of Trudeau. By this point, Canadian interests and objectives in the hemisphere were completely unsynchronized with the views and objectives of the United States (especially under the conservative reigns of Ronald Reagan, 1981-1989). During this time, Canada favoured leftist policies both at home and abroad and continued to nurture ideological diversity, while the U. S. , under Reagan, emphasized the importance of laissez-faire capitalism, (in a resurgence of anti-communist discourse), reduction of the welfare state, and discrete military intervention to accommodate American interests in Latin America and the world. Reagan’s rationale was unequivocally based in the decline of American hegemony and aimed to bring prominence back to American by starch opposition to left-wing movements in Latin America such as the Nicaraguan Sandinistas. Importantly, however, Canada revived Third Option ideals of political and economic distinctiveness that was briefly lost to Joe Clark’s Progressive Conservatives from June 1979 to February 1980. Diversification and distinctiveness of Canadian policy were evident in Trudeau’s creation of the National Energy Program, the extension of the Foreign Investment Review Agency, and the formulation of specific Central American policy in 1982. Such advancements in Canadian policy were almost immediately contested by the United States. At any rate, Canada had good reason to be optimistic in the international sphere. Unfortunately, just as Trudeau’s policies of peace and diplomacy in Latin America began to peak the Latin American debt crisis retarded any potential growth beginning in 1982. In fact, in a four-year period between 1980 and 1984 Canadian exports to Latin America were cut in half. Despite this set back, Canadian investment in the region remained high and the government of Canada remained committed to the pursuit of mutually beneficial relations between the two regions. The Mulroney years were a tumultuous time for Canadian foreign policy. Brian Mulroney, after being elected in 1984, almost immediately began to retract the ideals of distinctiveness ushered in by Sharp and Trudeau in favour of closer ties with the United States. Most notably, Mulroney would negotiate the landmark Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1987 (which would later evolve into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)). However, in spite of overarching support for American policies Mulroney did deviate and even oppose American policies in several key respects. Importantly, Canada remained vocally opposed to Reagan’s various anti-communist interventions in Latin America under Mulroney, and accepted refugees from several Latin American states. Yet, the acceptance of ideological diversity under Trudeau had already been fundamentally altered as Mulroney pursued policies based in American style neo-liberal economic policy and laissez faire capitalism. Clearly, these ideals were increasingly manifested and enforced in Latin American and helped garner widespread regime transition. While the onset of the Cold War helped spur interconnectedness between Canada and Latin America the erosion of Soviet power in the late 1980s gave way to an even more robust partnership. By 1985 the Soviet empire was becoming increasingly bankrupt and unable to promote socialist ideology abroad. For many leftist Latin American states this generated a significant void in support for their vast nationalist/leftist movements. Thus, from the altering world balance came the proliferation of peace talks, the emergence of new economic regimes, and increasingly intertwined relations between the Northern and the Southern Western hemisphere. Canada’s policies towards the region revolved around this new economic order that saw the distribution of power slipping from a bipolar system to multiple states, organizations, and corporations. One of the most crucial developments of trans-hemispheric relations for Canada during Mulroney’s time in office came in Canada’s official enrollment in the OAS in 1990. Until this point Canada’s position on the institution was that it existed as a tool of American political and economic preponderance in Latin America. However, with the erosion of Cold War tensions, waning American hegemonic interests in the region, and the proliferation of democracy throughout Latin America Canada saw the increasing importance of the OAS as a unifying institution. Canada’s acceptance into the OAS in 1990 marked the continuation of strengthened interaction with the Americas. Along with the political and economic benefits associated with this union came increased support of democratic ideals and free trade discourse, as well as increased discussion of trans-hemispheric issues such as racism, sexism, wealth distribution and other social-cultural concerns. One prominent factor in the evolution of Canadian policy toward Latin America is seen in the concept of globalization. The process of globalization has had a major and in integrating Canada and Latin America; at the same time, this increasing integration has also fueled globalization. The emergence of strong and diverse foreign markets (especially those in countries like Brazil and Mexico) has ushered in a series of foreign policy adjustments in Canada that have revolved around investment, development, and increased commerce in such markets. In recent years Canadian policy adjustments have helped furnish an increase in total trade with Latin America – $50 billion in 2006 (up 500% from 1990). Likewise, North American led implementation of western style laissez faire capitalism, trade liberalization policies, and the dissolution of tariffs has had an overwhelming effect on Northern integration (and in some cases, dominance) of Latin America. Yet the effect of globalization on integrating the regions through foreign policy extends beyond politics and economics. The mass movement of people and information across borders (an inherent facet of globalization) has also garnered policy changes in respect to migration and cultural movement over the past few decades. Since the early 1990s Canadian relations with Latin America have, to an extent, leveled off and Canada can be considered an important actor in the continued development, growth and integration of the entire hemisphere. However, in many ways, the future of Canada as a part of the Americas remains uncertain. Questions of complete hemispheric economic integration, unified currency and free trade remain prominent issues in the media. In 2007, for one of his first major trips overseas, Prime Minister Stephen Harper visited Colombia, Chile, Barbados and Haiti, while the same time the governor general, Michaëlle Jean, was visiting Brazil. Observers said this was intended increase Canada's visibility in the region and to remind Canadians of the region's importance. ,  Canada–Latin_America_relations  2010-08-18T19:48:40Z   Canada-Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America. This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states, plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states, or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States (OAS). Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization. Culturally, Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European, indigenous American, and immigrant influences. Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking, and since French is a ""Latin"" language, Canada (or more often Quebec) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America. However, Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos. For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other. However Canada's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990. In the decades following Canadian Confederation in 1867 Canada had limited political involvement, but after 1898 had significant economic ties in the Caribbean, Mexico and Brazil and Canadians went as businessmen and missionaries to a number of other countries(J. C. M. Ogelsby, Gringos from the Far North, Essays in the History of Canadian-Latin American Relations, 1866-1968. Macmillan 1976). As Canadian foreign policy was largely constrained by Canada's ties to the British Empire, political and economic relations remained tethered and controlled. Even after Canada gained political autonomy in foreign relations with the Statute of Westminster (1931) relations with Latin America remained weak due to domestic economic turmoil. Following increased solidarity between regions in Latin America throughout the 1800s came the birth of the Pan-American Union in 1910. Between 1909 and 1941 Latin American states (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and others) repeatedly appealed for Canadian involvement in union. In accordance with the Monroe Doctrine the United States actively opposed Canadian involvement as Canada’s foreign relations were subject to the interests of a European power, Britain. Nevertheless, Canada remained outside of the union for reasons of economic disinterest. By the early 1940s Canada had become a relatively important industrial producer that was in desperate need of integration in additional foreign markets. Devastation in Europe at the hand of World War II made Latin America a logical alternative. Unfortunately for Canadian interests the period following the Second World War marked an important shift in the world political and economic order that saw the growth and spread of communism. The onset of the Cold War had important implications for Canadian foreign policy. Significantly, Canadian officials saw Latin America as a region particularly vulnerable to the spread of communism because of vast underdevelopment and socio-economic disparities. More importantly for Canada, however, was the immense propagation of American economic and political dominance and Americanization throughout the world. While Canada, like the United States during the early cold war years, could be viewed as a liberal-democracy devoted to the spread of capitalism and free market ideals, the Canadian form of the ideology was inherently more accepting of socialist facets. Effectively, Canada grew closer to many Latin American states and often acted as a mediator between the United States and Latin America. The early years of Pierre Trudeau’s time in office as Prime Minister of Canada marked an important shift in Canada’s role in international politics. During this time Canada, under Trudeau’s realist and pragmatist ideals, began to view relations with previously untapped global regions such as Latin America as vital to Canada’s future political and economic interests. Trudeau illuminates these ideas: ""We have to take greater account of the ties which bind us to other nations in this hemisphere – in the Caribbean, Latin America – and of their economic needs. We have to explore relations with Latin America, where more than 400 million people will live by the turn of the century and where we have substantial interests” – Pierre Elliot Trudeau Between October and November 1968, Canada sent a delegate of various ministers to tour nine Latin American states (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala) as a stage in Canada’s foreign policy review. From the excursion Canada aimed to a) evaluate potential benefits from increased relations, b) explore global policy congruence with individual Latin American states, c) improve overall relations in South America. Ultimately, the mission garnered results on several fronts related to issues of economic cooperation, integration and growth, security and nuclear non-proliferation, as well as general information gathering. The 1968 mission had two profound institutional effects. First, the mission directly led to the creation of a Latin American task force in 1969. This task force was at the forefront of issues involving Canada’s role/potential role in joining the Organization of American States (OAS). Second, the mission was elemental in establishing the founding principles of the Latin American section of Trudeau’s complete revision of foreign policy – a series of documents entitled “Foreign Policy for Canadians” released in 1970. This series of documents considered massive changes in global power dynamics (e. g. the reduced threat of communism), the role of non-state actors, and the absolute necessity of preserving Canadian independence. In the years following these diplomatic advancements came several key initiatives, programs and institutions. In 1971, to deal with issues of Latin American integration, Trudeau founded the Bureau of Western-Hemispheric Affairs. In 1972, Canada officially entered the OAS under observer status and joined the Inter-American Development Bank to increasingly aid developmental initiatives in Latin America. Further, by 1972, Canada had seen an increase of roughly 40% in exports to the region in only 4 years and made tremendous progress with individual states like Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela. In spite of some minor short comings in certain Latin American states, Canada was overwhelming pleased with advancements in relations between the two regions by 1973. By the mid-1970s Canada’s national policy toward Latin America – and other regions of the globe – had almost completely diverged from that of the United States. This was an especially momentous time in Canadian foreign politics because, until this point, Canada had been under the vast political and economic influence of her neighbour to the South. This incredible divergence was essentially manifested in Mitchell Sharp’s “Options for the Future” (otherwise known as the ‘Third Option Paper’), which reaffirmed the tenets of “Foreign Policy for Canadians”, but considered U. S. -Canada relations in greater detail. Sharp’s paper advocated the growth of Canadian economic, political and cultural ‘distinctiveness’, but did not encourage alienation from America. Ultimately, Sharp’s ideas had a profound and lasting effect on Canadian policy and were central to the outward growth of Canada in the international sphere for many years. By and large, the 1970s represented a period of growth in Canada-Latin America relations that produced episodes of incredible significance and garnered tremendous potential for future relations. Importantly, the emerging distinctiveness of Canada on the global stage (in an increasingly multi-polar international system) was particularly visible in relations with Latin America. In radical deviation from the policies and ideological attitudes of the United States, Canada pursued policies of tolerance and acceptance with respect to Latin American states. Canadian tolerance was evident throughout the 1970s – with the acceptance of thousands of leftist Chilean refugees between 1970 and 1980, opposition to various American political interventions in South America, or Trudeau’s tour of Mexico, Venezuela, and Cuba in 1976. New notions of trans-hemispheric integration/relations began to take prominence as Canada found itself involved in Latin American affairs in a meaningful way. By the late 1970s Canada called for the progressive advancement of the OAS that was deemed by Canadian observers as ineffective and deficient. By 1979, Canada sought global channels and forums, namely the United Nations, to vocalize discontent, concerns, and thoughts on inter-American affairs that included trading blocs, nuclear proliferation issues, and human rights abuses (in the case of Argentina). The period between 1980 and 1984 would mark the final term of Trudeau. By this point, Canadian interests and objectives in the hemisphere were completely unsynchronized with the views and objectives of the United States (especially under the conservative reigns of Ronald Reagan, 1981–1989). During this time, Canada favoured leftist policies both at home and abroad and continued to nurture ideological diversity, while the U. S. , under Reagan, emphasized the importance of laissez-faire capitalism, (in a resurgence of anti-communist discourse), reduction of the welfare state, and discrete military intervention to accommodate American interests in Latin America and the world. Reagan’s rationale was unequivocally based in the decline of American hegemony and aimed to bring prominence back to American by starch opposition to left-wing movements in Latin America such as the Nicaraguan Sandinistas. Importantly, however, Canada revived Third Option ideals of political and economic distinctiveness that was briefly lost to Joe Clark’s Progressive Conservatives from June 1979 to February 1980. Diversification and distinctiveness of Canadian policy were evident in Trudeau’s creation of the National Energy Program, the extension of the Foreign Investment Review Agency, and the formulation of specific Central American policy in 1982. Such advancements in Canadian policy were almost immediately contested by the United States. At any rate, Canada had good reason to be optimistic in the international sphere. Unfortunately, just as Trudeau’s policies of peace and diplomacy in Latin America began to peak the Latin American debt crisis retarded any potential growth beginning in 1982. In fact, in a four-year period between 1980 and 1984 Canadian exports to Latin America were cut in half. Despite this set back, Canadian investment in the region remained high and the government of Canada remained committed to the pursuit of mutually beneficial relations between the two regions. The Mulroney years were a tumultuous time for Canadian foreign policy. Brian Mulroney, after being elected in 1984, almost immediately began to retract the ideals of distinctiveness ushered in by Sharp and Trudeau in favour of closer ties with the United States. Most notably, Mulroney would negotiate the landmark Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1987 (which would later evolve into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)). However, in spite of overarching support for American policies Mulroney did deviate and even oppose American policies in several key respects. Importantly, Canada remained vocally opposed to Reagan’s various anti-communist interventions in Latin America under Mulroney, and accepted refugees from several Latin American states. Yet, the acceptance of ideological diversity under Trudeau had already been fundamentally altered as Mulroney pursued policies based in American style neo-liberal economic policy and laissez faire capitalism. Clearly, these ideals were increasingly manifested and enforced in Latin American and helped garner widespread regime transition. While the onset of the Cold War helped spur interconnectedness between Canada and Latin America the erosion of Soviet power in the late 1980s gave way to an even more robust partnership. By 1985 the Soviet empire was becoming increasingly bankrupt and unable to promote socialist ideology abroad. For many leftist Latin American states this generated a significant void in support for their vast nationalist/leftist movements. Thus, from the altering world balance came the proliferation of peace talks, the emergence of new economic regimes, and increasingly intertwined relations between the Northern and the Southern Western hemisphere. Canada’s policies towards the region revolved around this new economic order that saw the distribution of power slipping from a bipolar system to multiple states, organizations, and corporations. One of the most crucial developments of trans-hemispheric relations for Canada during Mulroney’s time in office came in Canada’s official enrollment in the OAS in 1990. Until this point Canada’s position on the institution was that it existed as a tool of American political and economic preponderance in Latin America. However, with the erosion of Cold War tensions, waning American hegemonic interests in the region, and the proliferation of democracy throughout Latin America Canada saw the increasing importance of the OAS as a unifying institution. Canada’s acceptance into the OAS in 1990 marked the continuation of strengthened interaction with the Americas. Along with the political and economic benefits associated with this union came increased support of democratic ideals and free trade discourse, as well as increased discussion of trans-hemispheric issues such as racism, sexism, wealth distribution and other social-cultural concerns. One prominent factor in the evolution of Canadian policy toward Latin America is seen in the concept of globalization. The process of globalization has had a major and in integrating Canada and Latin America; at the same time, this increasing integration has also fueled globalization. The emergence of strong and diverse foreign markets (especially those in countries like Brazil and Mexico) has ushered in a series of foreign policy adjustments in Canada that have revolved around investment, development, and increased commerce in such markets. In recent years Canadian policy adjustments have helped furnish an increase in total trade with Latin America – $50 billion in 2006 (up 500% from 1990). Likewise, North American led implementation of western style laissez faire capitalism, trade liberalization policies, and the dissolution of tariffs has had an overwhelming effect on Northern integration (and in some cases, dominance) of Latin America. Yet the effect of globalization on integrating the regions through foreign policy extends beyond politics and economics. The mass movement of people and information across borders (an inherent facet of globalization) has also garnered policy changes in respect to migration and cultural movement over the past few decades. Since the early 1990s Canadian relations with Latin America have, to an extent, leveled off and Canada can be considered an important actor in the continued development, growth and integration of the entire hemisphere. However, in many ways, the future of Canada as a part of the Americas remains uncertain. Questions of complete hemispheric economic integration, unified currency and free trade remain prominent issues in the media. In 2007, for one of his first major trips overseas, Prime Minister Stephen Harper visited Colombia, Chile, Barbados and Haiti, while the same time the governor general, Michaëlle Jean, was visiting Brazil. Observers said this was intended increase Canada's visibility in the region and to remind Canadians of the region's importance. In 2010, Canada was specifically excluded (along with the United States) from a newly formed regional body, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, which includes all other soverign states in the Americas.",0
Jaroslav_Skála,"Jaroslav_Skála  2008-06-04T08:10:40Z   Template:Foreignchar Jaroslav Skála (25 May 1916 – 26 November 2007) was a Czech psychiatrist, fighter against alcoholism, and inventor of the sobering-up station. Skála was born in Plzeň, Bohemia, when it was part of Austria-Hungary. He studied under Charles University's medical faculty in Prague, as well as at the institute of physical training and sport. He graduated from the institute in 1939, but was unable to graduate from the university until 1946 because the German occupation of Czechoslovakia closed all Czechoslovak universities during World War II. Skála wanted to work at an internal clinic and later at the institute of physical training medicine, but he was rejected. He took up work at the Prague's psychiatric clinic. Later in 1946, Skála was sent to an international conference about alcoholism in Brussels, an event which determined his later steps in medicine. He established KLUS, an alcohol rehabilitation group, and cooperated with the United States' Alcoholics Anonymous. However, events in Czechoslovakia in 1948 broke all links to the west. Skála moved from Prague's psychiatric clinic to a new building near the church of Saint Apollinaris. He organized a new anti-alcoholism department, which he headed until his retirement in 1982. In 1951, Skála invented a sobering-up station, the first facility of this kind in the world. He engaged in research and cure of toxicomania, drug addiction, and alcoholism. He also practiced psychotherapy and family therapy. In 1956, he established a 'section for questions about alcoholism' and headed it until 1981. In 1993, he was a co-founder of the 'society for habit-forming diseases'. In 2001, he was a co-founder of Prague's University of Psychosocial Studies and became its chancellor. Since 1968, Skála founded over 20 training communities that help people to find a new way in life. He emphasized sports in his studies and in his life. Since 1932, he was an active sportsman and actively attend Sokol. Skála became one of the most important people of Czechoslovak psychiatry. His methods were the base for two films, Ikarův pád (Fall of Icarus) and Tažní ptáci (Ductile Birds). In 2002 Skála received the medal of merit for his lifetime work from the Czech Republic's president, Václav Havel. Skála died in 2007 by natural causes at the age of 91. Template:BD,  Jaroslav_Skála  2010-07-18T19:39:35Z   Template:Foreignchar Jaroslav Skála (25 May 1916 – 26 November 2007) was a Czech psychiatrist, fighter against alcoholism, and inventor of the sobering-up station. Skála was born in Plzeň, Bohemia, when it was part of Austria-Hungary. He studied under Charles University's medical faculty in Prague, as well as at the institute of physical training and sport. He graduated from the institute in 1939, but was unable to graduate from the university until 1946 because the German occupation of Czechoslovakia closed all Czechoslovak universities during World War II. Skála wanted to work at an internal clinic and later at the institute of physical training medicine, but he was rejected. He took up work at the Prague's psychiatric clinic. Later in 1946, Skála was sent to an international conference about alcoholism in Brussels, an event which determined his later steps in medicine. He established KLUS, an alcohol rehabilitation group, and cooperated with the United States' Alcoholics Anonymous. However, events in Czechoslovakia in 1948 broke all links to the west. Skála moved from Prague's psychiatric clinic to a new building near the church of Saint Apollinaris. He organized a new anti-alcoholism department, which he headed until his retirement in 1982. In 1951, Skála invented a sobering-up station, the first facility of this kind in the world. He engaged in research and cure of toxicomania, drug addiction, and alcoholism. He also practiced psychotherapy and family therapy. In 1956, he established a 'section for questions about alcoholism' and headed it until 1981. In 1993, he was a co-founder of the 'society for habit-forming diseases'. In 2001, he was a co-founder of Prague's University of Psychosocial Studies and became its chancellor. Since 1968, Skála founded over 20 training communities that help people to find a new way in life. He emphasized sports in his studies and in his life. Since 1932, he was an active sportsman and actively attend Sokol. Skála became one of the most important people of Czechoslovak psychiatry. His methods were the base for two films, Ikarův pád (Fall of Icarus) and Tažní ptáci (Ductile Birds). In 2002 Skála received the medal of merit for his lifetime work from the Czech Republic's president, Václav Havel. Skála died in 2007 by natural causes at the age of 91.",0
Romiit Raaj,"Romiit Raaj  2018-01-10T18:12:36Z  Romit Raj (born on 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. He also acted in Humdum which was released on 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released on 4 May 2007. In a nail biting TV series called Adaalat that was aired from 2011 he played the role of Varun. . Recent actions showed that he left Adaalat for some reason but on 4/10/13, he confirmed his arrival back to the show. Raj lived in Mumbai from when he was a year old until he was 10. It was in Kolkata where he started his modeling career and completed his education. He actively took part in school and college plays and also got the opportunity to work in Bengali telefilm and television serials with reputed directors of Bengal. In 2002 he moved back to Mumbai. He played the character Yuvraj in Ghar ki Lakshmi Betiyaan and Jeet in Maayka. To him, this industry is a family in itself away from family where love, respect, care, hatred and emotions does exist. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. Raaj is married to Tina Kakkar. On 30 April 2012, she gave birth a girl named Rehaa Raj. He was set to marry high school girlfriend Shilpa Shinde, when she dumped him just before the marriage in 2008. Rishtey Awards,  Romiit Raaj  2019-06-20T05:50:49Z  Romit Raj Prasher is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. Rishtey Awards",1
Channel_(association_football),"Channel_(association_football)  2010-05-18T23:56:03Z   In association football, channels are certain parts of the pitch. The channels are subjectively described (there is no specific marking of the pitch) as the areas in which wide-playing strikers look for the ball, being a vertical strip extending from the goal-line toward the half-way line close to, but not too near the widest part of the pitch, an area more commonly occupied by a winger. By receiving the ball in the channel, a striker hopes to confuse the opposing defence, as he is between the full-back and centre-back. ,  Channel_(association_football)  2011-12-18T15:20:22Z   In association football, channels is the name given to certain areas of the pitch, created by the space between players and groups of players. There are two types of channels, vertical (between full backs and their closest centre back), and horizontal (between defence and midfield, and midfield and attack). The channels are subjectively described (there is no specific marking of the pitch) as the areas in which wide-playing strikers look to receive the ball, being a vertical strip extending from the half way line to the goal line, and close to, but not too near the widest part of the pitch, just inside the touchline, an area more commonly occupied by a winger. By receiving the ball in the channel, a striker hopes to confuse the opposing defence, as he is between the full-back and centre-back, and makes them unsure as to who should mark or close down the striker, this thinking time allows the striker more time on the ball, and also distracts the defence from other players who are making runs. These channels are the areas created between the defence and midfield (usually occupied by that teams defensive midfielder/anchor man, or the oppositions advanced playmaker/deep lying forward), and midfield and attack (usually occupied by that teams advanced playmaker/deep playing forward, or the oppositions defensive midfielder/anchor man). Formations that usually create these channels are the 4–4–2, 5–4–1, 5–3–2. In modern times, formations have been developed to cancel out these channels, examples of these formations include the 4–2–3–1, 4–3–2–1, 4–4–2 diamond. An example of the usage of this is the FC Barcelona team, who use a fluid (meaning the players are free to move around and exchange positions) 4–3–3 formation to use the channels created by the oppositions formation to gain an advantage, e. g. Xavi with the ball in midfield, passing to one of the front three players who start either in the oppositions defensive zone, and drops back towards his midfield, or starting in the oppositions midfield zone, and moves forward. Barcelona's formation, as well as taking advantage of opposition’s channels, also looks to cancel out the chance of their own team creating them, with the use of Sergio Busquets as a defensive midfielder, who looks to occupy the space between his back four and midfield three.",0
Chris_Collins_(New_York_politician),"Chris_Collins_(New_York_politician)  2007-11-25T03:22:56Z   Christopher C. Collins is the County Executive-Elect in Erie County, New York. The county seat is Buffalo, New York. He is a resident of Clarence, New York. Collins was elected County Executive over his Democratic opponent James P. Keane (Deputy County Executive of the Dennis Gorski administration) in a landslide margin of 63-35% percent. Collins ran as a businessman, rather than a Republican in this race, running with the ideas of smaller county government, less taxes, and Six Sigma. ,  Chris_Collins_(New_York_politician)  2009-05-21T02:29:57Z   Christopher C. Collins is the County Executive in Erie County, New York. The county seat is Buffalo, New York. He is a resident of Clarence, New York. Born in Schenectady, New York, in 1950, Collins moved around the country with his family as his father was transferred several times by General Electric. Collins graduated from Hendersonville High School (Hendersonville, North Carolina), in 1968. He received a BSME from North Carolina State University in 1972 and an MBA from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in 1975. Collins was elected County Executive over his Democratic opponent James P. Keane (Deputy County Executive of the Dennis Gorski administration) on November 6, 2007, winning the election in a landslide 64% - 34%. Collins ran as a businessman, rather than a Republican in this race, running with the ideas of smaller county government, fewer taxes, and Six Sigma. His campaign slogan was ""Elect a Chief Executive, not a Chief Politician. "" Collins spoke at the 2008 Republican National Convention on September 3, 2008. He was the only County Executive in the USA given the opportunity to speak at the convention. Prior to running for Erie County Executive Collins spent 35 years in the business world. As an entrepreneur he was the founder, President & CEO of Nuttall Gear Corporation located in Niagara Falls, New York. Nuttall Gear was a 1983 leveraged buyout of the Westinghouse Electric Gear Division located in Buffalo, New York. Collins sold Nuttall in 1997 to a large industrial conglomerate. Collins ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1998 against 24 year incumbent Congressman John J. LaFalce in the 29th Congressional District of New York. After losing the 1998 election, and prior to running for Erie County Executive in 2007, Collins stepped up his entrepreneurial career purchasing or investing in over 20 bankrupt and financially troubled companies. These companies were combined into several platform companies - Bloch Industries LLC, ZeptoMetrix Corporation, Volland Electric Equipment Corporation, Easom Automation Systems, Inc. , Audubon Machinery Corporation, Niagara Ceramics Corporation, Starboard Sun Corporation, Buckler Biodefense Corporation, and Innate Therapeutics, Ltd. This article about a politician from the state of New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Michael Emerson,"Michael Emerson  2010-01-04T21:41:58Z  Michael Emerson (born September 7, 1954) is an Emmy Award-winning American actor best known for his role as Benjamin Linus on Lost and his performance on The Practice. Emerson was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa and grew up in the nearby town of Toledo, Iowa. After graduating in 1976 from Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, where he studied theater and art, he moved to New York City. Unable to find acting work, he took retail jobs and worked as a freelance illustrator. In 1986, he moved with his first wife to Jacksonville, Florida. There, from 1986 to 1993, he appeared in local productions at Theater Jacksonville and The Players by the Sea, and worked as a director and teacher at Flagler College. Emerson considered forgoing a career in acting in favor of a more stable vocation in teaching. He decided to instead further his studies with a Master of Fine Arts that might also introduce him to theatre professionals and directors in his chosen trade. In 1993 he enrolled in the Alabama Shakespeare Festival's University of Alabama-sponsored Master of Fine Arts/Professional Actor Training program, and upon graduating in 1995, he returned to New York where he appeared in the annual Alabama Shakespeare Festival showcase. Emerson got his big break in 1997 when he starred as Oscar Wilde in Moises Kaufman's critically-acclaimed off-Broadway play, Gross Indecency: The Trials of Oscar Wilde, and then followed up with several other notable stage performances. In 1998, he performed opposite Uma Thurman in the off-Broadway production of Le Misanthrope. In 1999, he played the part of Willie Oban in The Iceman Cometh with Kevin Spacey. He co-starred with Kate Burton in both Give Me Your Answer, Do! and Hedda Gabler. In film and television, Emerson made a name for himself by playing dangerous and damaged characters. In 2001, he won an Emmy Award as ""Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series"", for playing the (fictional) confessed serial killer William Hinks in several episodes of The Practice. One of Emerson's most well-known works was in 2004 as the character Zep Hindle in the horror movie Saw. In that year he also played the loyal somewhat Alfred Pennyworth-like butler to a Rock Hudson-like heartthrob, Guy Stone, in the comedy film Straight-Jacket. In 2006, Emerson began a guest starring role playing Benjamin Linus on the serial drama television series Lost. This casting was a result of his work on The Practice because the Lost producers liked his work there and thought he was a good fit for the character they were developing. Emerson was originally set to appear in a small number of episodes, and then returned for the third season as a main cast member and even became the main antagonist of the program. He has since continued to be a main cast member on the show for the fourth and fifth seasons and is currently working on the sixth season. Emerson's performance and character have been highly acclaimed by critics and audiences. He received an Emmy nomination in the Outstanding Supporting Actor category in 2007 for his work on the series' third season and was nominated again in 2008 for the fourth season. He won the award in 2009 after being nominated for the fifth season. Emerson was nominated in 2009 for a Golden Globe in the best performance by an actor in a supporting role category. Emerson met the woman who was to become his second wife, actress Carrie Preston, while he was performing in a stage production of Hamlet in Alabama. They married in September 1998, and both Emerson and his wife starred in the 2004 film, Straight-Jacket. On Lost, Preston portrayed Emily Linus, Emerson's character's mother, in the flashback sequences of the episode ""The Man Behind the Curtain"". The two teamed up again, with Michael playing Carrie's gay next-door neighbor, in the 2008 film Ready? OK! . According to a recent interview, Emerson is also interested in joining Preston on the TV series True Blood, where she plays waitress Arlene, for a guest appearance. In Lost, his role as Benjamin Linus, he was amazing He is a long-time supporter of the charities that are connected to the Theater community including the Actors Fund, Broadway Cares, Gay Men's Health Crisis, and Off-Off Broadway; as well as publicly-supported radio stations and Habitat. ,  Michael Emerson  2011-11-30T04:47:43Z  Michael Emerson (born September 7, 1954) is an American actor who is perhaps best known for his roles as Benjamin Linus on Lost and fictional serial killer William Hinks in The Practice. Emerson was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and grew up in the nearby town of Toledo, where he attended South Tama County High School. In 1976, after graduating from Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, where he studied theater and art, he moved to New York City. Unable to find acting work, he took retail jobs and worked as a freelance illustrator. In 1986, he moved with his first wife to Jacksonville, Florida. There, from 1986 to 1993, he appeared in local productions at Theater Jacksonville and The Players by the Sea and worked as a director and teacher at Flagler College. Emerson considered forgoing a career in acting in favor of a more stable vocation in teaching. He decided to instead further his studies with a Master of Fine Arts that might also introduce him to theatre professionals and directors in his chosen trade. In 1993, he enrolled in the Alabama Shakespeare Festival's University of Alabama-sponsored Master of Fine Arts/Professional Actor Training program; and, upon graduating in 1995, he returned to New York where he appeared in the annual Alabama Shakespeare Festival showcase. Emerson got a starring role in 1997 as Oscar Wilde in Moises Kaufman's critically acclaimed off-Broadway play, Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde and then followed up with several other notable stage performances. In 1998, he performed opposite Uma Thurman in the off-Broadway production of Le Misanthrope. In 1999, he played the part of Willie Oban in The Iceman Cometh with Kevin Spacey. He co-starred with Kate Burton in both Give Me Your Answer, Do! and Hedda Gabler. In 2001, Emerson won an Emmy Award as ""Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series"", for playing the (fictional) confessed serial killer William Hinks in several episodes of The Practice. In 2006, Emerson began a guest-star role as Benjamin Linus on the serial drama television series Lost. This casting was a result of his work on The Practice because the Lost producers liked his work there and thought he was a good fit for the character they were developing. Emerson was originally set to appear in a small number of episodes, then returned for Season 3 as a main cast member and eventually became a main antagonist of the program. He received an Emmy nomination in the ""Outstanding Supporting Actor"" category in 2007 for his work in the third season and was nominated again in 2008 for his role in the fourth season. He won the award in 2009 after being nominated for his role in the fifth season. Emerson was nominated in 2009 for a Golden Globe in the ""Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role"" category. He was nominated for an Emmy for each season in which he was listed in the main cast. Emerson met actress Carrie Preston (graduate of the prestigious drama programs from The University of Evansville and Juilliard), while he was performing in a stage production of Hamlet in Alabama. They married in September 1998, and both Emerson and his wife starred in Straight-Jacket (2004). On Lost, Preston portrayed Emily Linus, Emerson's character's mother, in the flashback sequences of the episode ""The Man Behind the Curtain"". The two teamed up again, with Emerson portraying Preston's gay next-door neighbor, in the film Ready? OK! (2008). According to a recent interview, Emerson is also interested in making a guest appearance with Preston on the TV series True Blood, where she plays waitress Arlene. On July 31, 2010, Emerson and Preston read A. R. Gurney's Love Letters, which was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for Drama, at the Charleston Stage. They performed it as a fundraiser for the Stage, a South Carolina theatre. The reading was followed by a brief and intimate Question and Answer session. Emerson was set to reunite with former Lost cast member and friend, Terry O'Quinn, in a comedy-drama tentatively titled Odd Jobs, by J.J Abrams. It was expected to start filming by the end of 2010, but further development of the show has been postponed. Emerson has since joined the cast of another Abrams series, Person of Interest that debuted in September 2011 CBS. He plays a billionaire who teams up with a supposedly dead CIA agent to fight crime in New York City. He is a long-time supporter of the charities connected to the theatre community, including the Actors Fund, Broadway Cares, Gay Men's Health Crisis, and Off-Off Broadway, in addition to publicly supported radio stations and Habitat.",1
Distilled_Spirits_Council_of_the_United_States,"Distilled_Spirits_Council_of_the_United_States  2008-02-26T22:05:23Z   The Distilled Spirits Council of the United States (DISCUS) is the national trade association representing producers and marketers of distilled spirits sold in the United States. In 1973, DISCUS was formed by the merger of three organizations—the Bourbon Institute, the Distilled Spirits Institute and the Licensed Beverage Industries, Inc. —that had been in existence for decades. Members of DISCUS represent more than 80 percent of all distilled spirits brands sold in the United States. Members are: Bacardi U. S. A. , Inc. ; Barton Incorporated; Brown-Forman Corporation; Diageo; Sidney Frank Importing Co. , Inc. ; Future Brands LLC; Luxco, Inc. ; Moet Hennessy USA, Inc. ; Remy Cointreau USA. ; Pernod Ricard USA and Suntory International Corp. The distilled spirits industry is a major contributor to the nation's economy generating more than $100 billion in U. S. economic activity annually. Over 3. 8 million people are employed in the U. S. in the production, distribution and sale of beverage alcohol. DISCUS lobbies on behalf of the spirits industry on policy and legislative issues that impact the hospitality industry and its consumers. The association’s team of lawyers, economists, scientists, lobbyists and public affairs professionals work to support legislation that increases adult market access to spirits products including laws expanding Sunday spirits sales and spirits tastings. DISCUS also works to protect the hospitality industry from increased alcohol taxes and to reduce tariffs and trade barriers on spirits products across the globe. The Distilled Spirits Council is the keeper of the Code of Responsible Practices for Beverage Alcohol Advertising and Marketing, a set of voluntary guidelines that the spirits industry has adhered to for more than 70 years. The Code provides for a Code Review Board that reviews complaints about advertising and marketing materials in the marketplace. In 2003, the DISCUS Code implemented transparency, by issuing semiannual public reports in 2005 detailing the complaints and the Code Review Board decisions. Throughout the decades, there has been 100 percent compliance by DISCUS members with the Board’s decisions. DISCUS’ approach to self-regulation has been pointed to as a model by the Federal Trade Commission and has been commended by regulators, industry watchdogs and the media. The spirits industry has initiated and supported responsibility programs throughout the decades to encourage adults who choose to drink to do so responsibly and in moderation, and to fight all forms of alcohol abuse. As part of these efforts, DISCUS has developed and distributed an Educational Tool Kit on Beverage Alcohol Consumption to more than 3,000 health professionals. Additionally, The Century Council, a national not-for-profit organization funded by America’s leading distillers and dedicated to fighting drunk driving and underage drinking, has developed award-winning programs for parents, teachers, colleges, communities and law enforcement agencies nationwide. DISCUS has undertaken a special effort to preserve the rich cultural history of distilling in America through the reconstruction and promotion of George Washington’s Distillery. Since 2000, DISCUS member companies and wholesalers have contributed over $2. 1 million to Historic Mount Vernon to rebuild the distillery, which was the largest whiskey distilling operation in early America. Britain’s Prince Andrew cut the ribbon at the dedication ceremony in the Fall of 2006 and the distillery is now open to the public from April through October. In 2004, DISCUS launched the American Whiskey Trail, an educational journey into the cultural heritage and history of spirits in America. The journey begins at George Washington’s Distillery at Historic Mount Vernon, the gateway to the American Whiskey Trail, and also features famous operating distilleries and historic sites in five states connected to the history of distilling in our country. Since 2005, DISCUS has hosted spirits seminars and tastings in foreign countries in partnership with USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service on promotional activities to encourage the expansion of commercial export markets for U. S. agricultural products. To date, spirits promotions have taken place in China, Bulgaria, Romania, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Chile and Brazil. ,  Distilled_Spirits_Council_of_the_United_States  2009-06-08T01:57:50Z   The Distilled Spirits Council of the United States (DISCUS) is the national trade association representing producers and marketers of distilled spirits sold in the United States. In 1973, DISCUS was formed by the merger of three organizations (the Bourbon Institute, the Distilled Spirits Institute, and the Licensed Beverage Industries, Inc. ) that had been in existence for decades. Members of DISCUS represent more than 80 percent of all distilled spirits brands sold in the United States. Members are: Bacardi USA, Barton Brands, Beam Global Spirits & Wine, Brown-Forman Corporation, Diageo, Sidney Frank Importing Company, Imperial Brands, Luxco, Moet Hennessy USA, Patrón Spirits Company, Remy Cointreau USA, Pernod Ricard USA and Suntory. The Council developed a set of voluntary guidelines that the spirits industry and council members have adhered to for more than 70 years. The code provides for a review board that reviews complaints about advertising and marketing materials in the marketplace. In 2003, the DISCUS began issuing semiannual public reports detailing the review board complaints and decisions. DISCUS' approach to self-regulation has been pointed to as a model by the Federal Trade Commission and has been commended by regulators, industry watchdogs and the media. DISCUS lobbies on behalf of the spirits industry on policy and legislative issues that impact the hospitality industry and its consumers. The association’s team of lawyers, economists, scientists, lobbyists and public affairs professionals work to support legislation that increases adult market access to spirits products, including laws expanding Sunday spirits sales and spirits tastings. DISCUS also works to protect the hospitality industry from increased alcohol taxes and to reduce tariffs and trade barriers on spirits products across the globe. The spirits industry has initiated and supported responsibility programs to promote alcohol responsibly and moderation. DISCUS developed and distributed an educational tool kit to more than 3,000 health professionals. DISCUS funds a website maintained by SUNY Potsdam sociologist David J. Hanson. DISCUS and the Wine Institute provided unrestricted grants to fund some of Stanton Peele's work. DISCUS has launched several initiatives to preserve the cultural history of distilling and spirits in the United States, most notably in the creation of the American Whiskey Trail and the reconstruction of the distillery built by George Washington at his home at Mount Vernon. Since 2000, DISCUS member companies and wholesalers have contributed over $2. 1 million to Mount Vernon to rebuild the distillery, which was one of the largest whiskey distilling operations in early America. The distillery also marks the beginning of the American Whiskey Trail, an educational journey into the cultural heritage and history of spirits in America. Launched in 2004, the trail also features famous operating distilleries and historic sites in five states connected to the history of distilling in the United States.",0
I_Live_in_Grosvenor_Square,"I_Live_in_Grosvenor_Square  2010-09-09T02:07:01Z   I live in Grosvenor Square is a 1945 British film, directed by Herbert Wilcox. It became the first of his ""London films"" collaboration with his wife, actress Anna Neagle. The film was distributed in the United States, with two additional scenes filmed in Hollywood, under the name 'A Yank in London'. In the spring of 1944, S/Sgt. John Patterson (Dean Jagger), an American Army Air Forces sergeant (Dean Jagger), is billeted in the London home of Lord Exmoor (Robert Morley), in London's Grosvenor Square, when he is taken off combat operations for medical reasons. He encounters resentment from some of his British hosts, but is soon befriended by a British paratroop officer, Major David Bruce (Rex Harrison), who is home on leave as he campaigns to be elected to Parliament. Patterson's restrained behavior soon wins him the admiration of Lord Exmoor, whom he calls ""Pop"". On a weekend visit to Pop's estate near Exmoor in Devonshire, he meets his granddaughter, Lady Patricia Fairfax, a corporal in the British Army who is David's childhood sweetheart. David is unaware that Patricia and John are falling in love until the final night before the election, when it becomes clear to him at a party on the estate what has occurred. The next day Lord Exmoor learns that his estate has been appropriated by the American army for a base and that David has lost the election. When Patterson realizes that Pat and David have long expected to marry, he contrives to obtain medical clearance to go back on combat operations. David and Pat have an ugly showdown over John, only to learn that he has gone back to war. David arranges for them to reunite. Returning from a mission with heavy battle damage, Patterson attempts to help his pilot land their B-17 Flying Fortress at an emergency landing strip at Exmoor, but are killed when the bomber stalls as they maneuver to avoid crashing in the village. Exmoor and his family mourn John at a memorial service in the village church, while David takes off with his paratroop unit to parachute into France on D-Day. ,  I_Live_in_Grosvenor_Square  2011-07-01T19:32:07Z   I Live in Grosvenor Square is a British war film, directed and produced by Herbert Wilcox—a forerunner of his ""London films"" collaboration with his wife, actress Anna Neagle. The film deploys a tragi-comic plot in a context of US-British wartime co-operation, and displays icons of popular music with the purpose of harmonising relationships on both sides of the Atlantic. An edited version was distributed in the United States, with two additional scenes filmed in Hollywood, under the title A Yank in London. In the summer of 1943, after he is taken off combat operations for medical reasons, American SSgt John Patterson (Dean Jagger), an Army Air Force gunner, is billeted in the London home of the Duke of Exmoor (Robert Morley) in London's Grosvenor Square. He is befriended by the Duke and British paratrooper Major David Bruce (Rex Harrison), who has taken leave to contest a parliamentary by-election. On a weekend visit to the duke's estate near Exmoor in Devon, Patterson meets the duke's granddaughter, Lady Patricia Fairfax (Anna Neagle), a corporal in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, who is David's childhood sweetheart. After a cool beginning based on cultural misunderstandings, they fall in love. David is unaware of what is happening until the final night before the election, when it becomes clear to him during a party on the estate. The next day, the duke learns that his estate has been appropriated by the American army for a base and that David has lost the election. When Patterson realizes that Pat and David have long expected to marry, he contrives to obtain medical clearance to go back to combat duty. David and Pat have an ugly showdown over Patterson, only to learn that he has gone back to war. David realizes that Pat still loves Patterson and arranges for them to reunite. Returning from a mission with heavy battle damage, Patterson attempts to help his pilot land their B-17 Flying Fortress at an emergency landing strip at Exmoor, but is killed when the bomber stalls as they manoeuvre to avoid crashing in the village. The duke and his family mourn Patterson at a memorial service in the village church, while David takes off with his paratroop unit to parachute into France on D-Day. Notable supporting players included Edward Rigby, Cecil Ramage, Irene Manning, Francis Pierlot, Aubrey Mallalieu, Michael Shepley, Charles Victor, Ronald Shiner, Percy Walsh, Brenda Bruce, Shelagh Fraser, John Slater, Alvar Liddell, David Horne, Robert Farnon and Carroll Gibbons",0
Jonathan Obika,"Jonathan Obika  2012-01-02T20:41:45Z  Jonathan Chiedozie Obika (born 12 September 1990) is an English footballer who plays for Yeovil Town on loan from Tottenham Hotspur, as a striker. Born in Enfield, London, Obika is a product of the Tottenham Hotspur youth system and was the top scorer for the academy side in the 2007–08 season. He made his first team debut in the UEFA Cup on 27 November 2008 against NEC Nijmegen. He also played against Ukrainian side FC Shakhtar Donetsk in the same competition. He signed a more secure contract with the club in January 2009. On 19 March 2009 he signed with League One team Yeovil Town on a month's loan. His loan was extended until the end of the 2008–09 season in April. In his two month loan spell he played 10 games scoring 4 goals. Obika returned to Yeovil on a three-month loan on 11 August 2009. He scored in his third game of the 2009–10 season against Leyton Orient. He scored again on 1 September against Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy, coming on as a substitute at half time. Along with fellow Tottenham loanees Steven Caulker and Ryan Mason, his loan was extended until the end of the season on 5 November. On 11 February, Obika was sent back to Spurs due to the return to Yeovil of Arron Davies and was then immediately sent on loan to fellow League One side Millwall. On 13 April, Obika scored an injury time equaliser for Millwall against Yeovil and despite what it meant to Millwall's promotion push, he didn't celebrate as a mark of respect for his old club. On 20 August, Obika returned to south London to join Crystal Palace on a season-long loan deal. However this was cut short in early January after a series of disappointing performances, and he went on loan to Peterborough United instead. He then joined Swindon Town a few weeks later until the end of the season but was recalled after lack of opportunities at Swindon. Obika then subsequently rejoined Yeovil until the end of the season, his third club of the 2010-11 season, and made 11 appearances scoring 3 goals. Obika then rejoined Yeovil on loan at the start of the 2011-12 season until January 2012. Obika was called up to represent England in the Under 20 World Cup tournament hosted in Egypt from 24 September – 16 October 2009. Obika featured in the first two games against Ghana and Uruguay. Obika grew up in Edmonton and attended The Bishop Stopford's School in Enfield. He is the cousin of singer and former Fame Academy contestant, Lemar. Squad 2009 U20 World Cup,  Jonathan Obika  2013-12-27T18:32:23Z  Jonathan Chiedozie Obika (born 12 September 1990) is an English footballer who plays for Tottenham Hotspur. He plays as a striker. Born in Enfield, London, Obika is a product of the Tottenham Hotspur youth system and was the top scorer for the academy side in the 2007–08 season. He made his first team debut in the UEFA Cup on 27 November 2008 against NEC Nijmegen. He also played against Ukrainian side FC Shakhtar Donetsk in the same competition. He signed a more secure contract with the club in January 2009. On 19 March 2009 he signed with League One team Yeovil Town on a month's loan. His loan was extended until the end of the 2008–09 season in April. In his two-month loan spell he played 10 games scoring 4 goals. Obika returned to Yeovil on a three-month loan on 11 August 2009. He scored in his third game of the 2009–10 season against Leyton Orient. He scored again on 1 September against Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy, coming on as a substitute at half time. Along with fellow Tottenham loanees Steven Caulker and Ryan Mason, his loan was extended until the end of the season on 5 November. On 11 February, Obika was sent back to Spurs due to the return to Yeovil of Arron Davies and was then immediately sent on loan to fellow League One side Millwall. On 13 April, Obika scored an injury time equaliser for Millwall against Yeovil and despite what it meant to Millwall's promotion push, he didn't celebrate as a mark of respect for his old club. On 20 August, Obika returned to south London to join Crystal Palace on a season-long loan deal. However this was cut short in early January after a series of disappointing performances, and he went on loan to Peterborough United instead. He then joined Swindon Town a few weeks later until the end of the season but was recalled after lack of opportunities at Swindon. Obika then subsequently rejoined Yeovil until the end of the season, his third club of the 2010–11 season, and made 11 appearances scoring 3 goals. Obika then rejoined Yeovil on loan at the start of the 2011–12 season until January 2012, this deal was later extended until the end of the season. On 26 December 2011, Obika scored the first goal of his new loan deal against Charlton Athletic with an overhead kick, and he then went on to score against Carlisle, Sheffield Wednesday and Leyton Orient. In February 2013, Obika signed on loan with Championship side Charlton Athletic for the remainder of the 2012–13 season and also signed a one year contract extension with Spurs until 2014. Obika scored his first goal for Charlton against Leeds United, a stoppage time header to win the match 2–1. Obika followed this up with a 90th minute winner against Wolves. Obika was called up to represent England in the Under 20 World Cup tournament hosted in Egypt from 24 September – 16 October 2009. Obika featured in the first two games against Ghana and Uruguay. Obika grew up in Edmonton and attended The Bishop Stopford's School in Enfield. He is the cousin of singer and former Fame Academy contestant, Lemar.",1
David W. Zucker,"David W. Zucker  2015-02-23T17:29:34Z  David W. Zucker is an American television producer, known for The Good Wife, Klondike (TV series), Pillars of the Earth, and Numb3rs. He is currently President of Television for Scott Free Productions. Prior to joining Scott Free, Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series Judging Amy, and wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC, as well as various stage plays. Zucker also served as Vice President of Drama Series for CBS, and Vice President of Drama Series & Current Programs at Warner Bros. TV, overseeing such shows as E.R. and Murphy Brown. During his tenure, Scott Free has produced a steady stream of acclaimed programs including Starz’s eight-hour limited series, Ken Follett’s The Pillars of the Earth, an Emmy and Golden Globe nominee, starring Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell and Donald Sutherland; and the subsequent World Without End, featuring Cynthia Nixon and Ben Chaplin for Reelz, which won one of two Emmy nominations; HBO’s Into the Storm, an Emmy winning sequel to the Emmy-winning telefilm, The Gathering Storm; for A&E, the Emmy-nominated mini-series, Michael Crichton’s The Andromeda Strain, starring Benjamin Bratt; and Robin Cook’s WGA-nominated medical thriller, Coma, with Geena Davis, James Woods, Richard Dreyfus, and Ellen Burstyn. TNT’s six-hour spy thriller, The Company, was a Golden Globe nominee, with Michael Keaton and Alfred Molina. CBS's political drama The Good Wife has received a Peabody award and has been nominated for two Golden Globe awards. In the non-fiction arena, two broadcasts in 2013, adaptations of Bill O’Reilly’s books Killing Kennedy and Killing Lincoln both delivered record ratings for National Geographic channel, while the documentary series, Crimes of the Century was featured on CNN. Also notable, the Emmy-winning documentary special, Gettysburg, was produced for the History Channel. ,  David W. Zucker  2016-11-24T14:08:38Z  David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free, and Executive Producer of the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated, Peabody-acclaimed drama, The Good Wife, now in its seventh season on CBS, as well as NUMB3RS, which ran for six successful seasons on the same network. 2014 productions include Halo: Nightfall, a feature-length digital series for Xbox, Killing Jesus, the third in the acclaimed ‘Killing’ telefilms for National Geographic and a pilot adaptation of Philip K. Dick’s classic, The Man In The High Castle for Amazon. During his tenure, Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including Klondike for Discovery, The Pillars of the Earth for Starz, World Without End for Reelz, Into the Storm for HBO, The Andromeda Strain and Coma for A&E, and The Company for TNT. Notable non-fiction programs include Killing Kennedy, Killing Lincoln, Crimes of the Century and the Emmy-winning documentary special Gettysburg for the History Channel. Previously, Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series, Judging Amy, wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC, as well as various stage plays, and served as Vice President of Drama Series for CBS and in the same role at Warner Bros. TV. During his tenure, Scott Free has produced a steady stream of acclaimed programs including Starz’s eight-hour limited series, Ken Follett’s The Pillars of the Earth, an Emmy and Golden Globe nominee, starring Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell and Donald Sutherland; and the subsequent World Without End, featuring Cynthia Nixon and Ben Chaplin for Reelz, which won one of two Emmy nominations; HBO’s Into the Storm, an Emmy winning sequel to the Emmy-winning telefilm, The Gathering Storm; for A&E, the Emmy-nominated mini-series, Michael Crichton’s The Andromeda Strain, starring Benjamin Bratt; and Robin Cook’s WGA-nominated medical thriller, Coma, with Geena Davis, James Woods, Richard Dreyfus, and Ellen Burstyn. TNT’s six-hour spy thriller, The Company, was a Golden Globe nominee, with Michael Keaton and Alfred Molina. CBS's political drama The Good Wife has received a Peabody award and has been nominated for two Golden Globe awards. In the non-fiction arena, two broadcasts in 2013, adaptations of Bill O’Reilly’s books Killing Kennedy and Killing Lincoln both delivered record ratings for National Geographic channel, while the documentary series, Crimes of the Century was featured on CNN. Also notable, the Emmy-winning documentary special, Gettysburg, was produced for the History Channel.",1
Ruth Wilson,"Ruth Wilson  2006-08-30T06:22:02Z  Ruth Wilson (born January 13, 1982, in Surrey) is an English actress. She graduated from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, in July. With only an appearance in the sitcom ""Suburban Shootout"" as a professional credit, Wilson won the role of Jane Eyre, one of the most famous and beloved heroines in English literature, in a 2006 miniseries adaptation of that novel. Since getting the part, Wilson has said that she is ""going to better auditions"". ""People are starting to see me when they wouldn't have done before-- suddenly you have done a big show and you have got a bit more standing"". ""Jane Eyre (2006 TV serial)""... as Jane Eyre ""Suburban Shootout""... as Jewel Diamond,  Ruth Wilson  2007-12-23T14:52:48Z  Ruth Wilson (born January 13, 1982) is an English actress, perhaps best known for her BAFTA and Golden Globe-nominated performance in the title role of Jane Eyre. Wilson was born in Ashford, Kent and raised with three older brothers in Shepperton, Surrey. She attended Notre Dame School and sixth form at Esher College. As a teenager, Wilson worked in modeling, and went on to study history at the University of Nottingham. She later trained at and graduated from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in July of 2005. Afterwards, she co-founded Hush Productions. Prior to her role in Jane Eyre, Wilson had only one professional screen credit, in Suburban Shootout, a situation comedy. Since then, Wilson has stated she is ""going to better auditions. People are starting to see me, when they wouldn't have done, before - suddenly you have done a big show, and have got a bit more standing."" Wilson's performance in Jane Eyre earned her three nominations for Best Actress awards in 2007, from the Broadcasting Press Guild, BAFTA television awards and the 2008 Golden Globes. She also came second in a BBC viewers poll for Best Actress of 2006. In 2006-2007 she filmed the second series of Suburban Shootout, a new Marple mystery for ITV, and Stephen Poliakoff's BBC television drama Capturing Mary as the young Mary. She appeared in Gorky's Philistines, playing Tanya, at the National from May until August 2007-- and learned to play the piano for the role. In June 2007, Wilson presented the 2007 Lilian Baylis Awards. She currently lives in London. Wilson has also appeared in the short films In The Dark and The Rounds, characters unknown, and as Lady Macbeth in the Lakeside Theatre's Macbeth; the years of these productions are, however, also not known.",1
Charles Parnell (actor),"Charles Parnell (actor)  2012-01-03T21:37:46Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children. Parnell took over the role previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. Parnell also provides the voice of Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in ""Iphigeneia at Aulis"", a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater, New Haven, Connecticut. His other appearances include:,  Charles Parnell (actor)  2013-12-16T16:54:16Z  Charles Parnell is an American actor best known for being the second actor to portray Police Chief Derek Frye on All My Children. Parnell took over the role previously played by actor William Christian. He joined the cast of the show on September 8, 2005, and made his final appearance on September 24, 2007. Parnell also provides the voice of Jefferson Twilight on Cartoon Network's The Venture Bros. Before taking the role of Derek Frye, Parnell played Achilles in ""Iphigeneia at Aulis"", a play by Euripides translated and adapted by Kenneth Cavander at the Yale Repertory Theater, New Haven, Connecticut. His other appearances include:",1
Shantel VanSanten,"Shantel VanSanten  2012-01-09T05:18:54Z  Shantel Yvonne VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American actress and model. As a model, she has been featured in magazines such as Teen Vogue and Seventeen. On television, she played the role of Quinn James in the CW drama series One Tree Hill. On film, she appeared in You and I and The Final Destination. VanSanten was born in Luverne, Minnesota. She is of Dutch and Norwegian descent. VanSanten was raised in Dallas, Texas where she attended Incarnate Word Academy (an all-girls college prep school) in Houston and Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. VanSanten also started her career as a model at the age of fifteen for the Page Parkes Management. VanSanten first appeared as a finalist on NBC's reality television series Sports Illustrated: Swimsuit Model Search but was eliminated in the series's first episode. In 2007, it was announced she had signed on in a film adaption of the novel t. A.T.u. Come Back. Filming took place throughout 2007 in Los Angeles and Moscow. Starring alongside Mischa Barton, the film premiered in Russia on January 25, 2011. In 2009, VanSanten appeared as Lori Milligan in The Final Destination, the fourth installment in the Final Destination film series. Released on August 28, 2009, the film debuted at #1 earning $28.3 million in its first weekend. The film was released to negative reviews, but earned international gross of $183.2 million. Also in 2009, she made a guest appearance in the television series CSI: NY in the episode ""She's Not There"" as Tara Habis. She signed on as a series regular in The CW television drama series One Tree Hill as Quinn James, appearing in seasons seven through nine. VanSanten stars as Christine in Something Wicked, which is slated for an August 25, 2011 release. The film is the last to feature the late actress Brittany Murphy, who portrays VanSanten's sister-in-law Susan. She appears in City and Colour's video ""Fragile Bird"". ,  Shantel VanSanten  2013-12-15T02:29:33Z  Shantel Yvonne VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American model and actress. As a model, she has been featured in the magazines Teen Vogue and Seventeen. On television, she played the role of Quinn James in the hit CW teen drama series One Tree Hill. On film, she appeared in The Final Destination, You and I, and Something Wicked. VanSanten was born in Luverne, Minnesota. She is of Dutch and Norwegian descent. VanSanten was raised in Dallas, Texas where she attended Incarnate Word Academy (an all-girls college prep school) in Houston and Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. VanSanten also started her career as a model at the age of fifteen for the Page Parkes Management. VanSanten first appeared as a finalist on NBC's reality television series Sports Illustrated: Swimsuit Model Search but was eliminated in the series's first episode. In 2007, it was announced she had signed on in a film adaption of the novel t. A.T.u. Come Back. Filming took place throughout 2007 in Los Angeles and Moscow. Starring alongside Mischa Barton, the film premiered in Russia on January 25, 2011, and in the U.S. a year later. In 2009, VanSanten appeared as Lori Milligan in The Final Destination, the fourth installment of the eponymous horror film franchise. That same year, VanSanten was cast as a series regular on The CW television drama series One Tree Hill in the show's seventh season. She portrays the role of photographer Quinn James and the on screen sibling to Bethany Joy Lenz's character. Shantel's role on the series has continued till the series ninth and final season. Shantel's final appearance was in the series 187th and final episode One Tree Hill which premiered on April 4, 2012. BuddyTV ranked her #24 on its ""TV's 100 Sexiest Women of 2010"" list and #21 in 2011. VanSanten stars as Christine in Something Wicked. The film is the last to feature the late actress Brittany Murphy, who portrays VanSanten's sister-in-law Susan. In the spring of 2012, VanSanten began shooting the movie ""Golden Christmas 3"" opposite Rob Mayes, Mark Famiglietti, Nikki DeLoach and Orson Bean in a family, romantic, holiday comedy directed by Michael Feifer.",1
Harvard Model Congress,"Harvard Model Congress  2006-03-24T23:53:13Z  Harvard Model Congress is the oldest and largest congressional simulation conference in the world, providing high school students from across the U.S. with an opportunity to experience American government first-hand. Although HMC is run entirely by Harvard students, it is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that is operated independently of the university. Harvard Model Congress Boston, founded in 1986, is HMC's flagship conference, held annually at the Boston Sheraton Hotel. Each March, approximately 1,500 delegates descend on Massachussetts to tackle the most pressing and important issues facing the nation as they assume roles in each of the three branches of the U.S. government and beyond. Exciting and diverse programs, ranging from committees in the House, Senate, and Supreme Court, to special programs such as press, lobbyists, and the National Security Council, help bring American government to life and have established Harvard Model Congress Boston the nation's premier American government simulation. Founded in 1999, Harvard Model Congress San Francisco is a new and exciting American government simulation program based on the successful Boston model and the first conference of its type on the West Coast. Over three hundred delegates from across the country travel to HMC-SF to learn about American government by experiencing it firsthand. The four-day conference, held at the Crowne Plaza San Francisco, is more intimate than the flagship Boston conference and thus features lower student-to-staff ratios and more individual attention from the experienced staff of Harvard students. Harvard Model Congress International runs conferences in Europe and Asia. While operationally seperate from the flagship Harvard Model Congress organization, HMC International shares largely the same mission, and much of the same staff, as HMC. The HMC Europe and Asia conferences differ from their US counterparts in their additional focus on international institutions. Students discuss and debate global issues from a more global perspective, formulating policy first-hand. The structured committee settings expose them to the realities of the democratic process, challenging them to forge compromise while advancing the interests of their constituency. The conferences seek to provide an unparalleled educational experience for talented secondary school students from around the world, offering hundreds of students each year an exciting opportunity to practice public speaking and policy writing. The conferences accommodate students with varying degrees of English ability, and the global diversity of participants and staff offers delegates the unique opportunity to approach challenging issues from numerous different perspectives. Harvard Model Congress strives to prepare the next generation of democratic leaders and global citizens. Because of their sheer size, the Harvard Model Congress conferences require a large amount of planning by the students hosting the events. Harvard Model Congress is one of the largest Harvard student organizations, and each year around 200 Harvard students assist with planning and running the conferences. As soon as one Harvard Model Congress conference ends, planning for the subsequent such conference begins. For the flagship HMC-Boston conference, topics for debate must be chosen by May so that briefing books can be prepared over the summer and distributed by early fall, in time to allow delegates to begin intensively researching each committee's topics for debate. Updates to briefings are written and distributed to schools by winter, and issue summaries are also provided to the delegates. HMC 2007 will likely be HMC's first-ever paperless conference. For the duration of the event each year, Harvard Model Congress uses essentially all of the conference space available at the Boston Sheraton, which needs to be reserved years in advance. Although most of the written work the actual weekend of the event is done by the delegates, the staff continues to provide programmatic direction and manages all operations during the annual conference. The current Harvard Model Congress Co-Presidents are students Maura Graul '07 and Laura Morris '07, who succeed Isley Markman '06 and James Paquette '06. The President of Harvard Model Congress Europe is Miranda Dietz '06, who is also a member of the HMC Boston House of Representatives Senior Staff. The Directors of Harvard Model Congress Asia are Ronald Anguas '08 and Brian Coyne '07, who are also both on the Senior Staff of the Boston conference. ,  Harvard Model Congress  2007-12-10T23:18:15Z  Harvard Model Congress is the oldest and largest congressional simulation conference in the world, providing high school students from across the U.S. and abroad with an opportunity to experience American government firsthand. Although HMC is run entirely by Harvard students, it is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is operated independently of the university. Harvard Model Congress Boston, founded in 1986, is HMC's flagship conference, held annually at the Boston Sheraton Hotel. Each February, approximately 1,500 delegates descend on Massachusetts to tackle the most pressing and important issues facing the nation as they assume roles in each of the three branches of the U.S. government and beyond. Exciting and diverse programs, ranging from committees in the House, Senate, and Supreme Court, to special programs such as press, lobbyists, and the National Security Council, help bring American government to life and have established Harvard Model Congress Boston as the nation's premier American government simulation. Founded in 1999, Harvard Model Congress San Francisco is a new and exciting American government simulation program based on the successful Boston model and the first conference of its type on the West Coast. Over three hundred delegates from across the country travel to HMC-SF to learn about American government by experiencing it firsthand. The four-day conference, held at the Crowne Plaza San Francisco, is more intimate than the flagship Boston conference and thus features lower student-to-staff ratios and more individual attention from the experienced staff of Harvard students. Harvard Model Congress Europe holds an annual conference in Athens, Greece during March. HMCE is currently celebrating its 20th year. HMC Europe has a special focus on the institutions of international governance, including the World Economic Forum and an international treaty summit. Harvard Model Congress Asia runs a conference Bangkok, Thailand. The 2008 conference will be from September 4-6. HMC Asia focuses on America's political system and governmental institutions. In both international conferences, students discuss and debate global issues from a more global perspective, formulating policy firsthand. The structured committee settings expose them to the realities of the democratic process, challenging them to forge compromise while advancing the interests of their constituency. The conferences seek to provide an unparalleled educational experience for talented secondary school students from around the world, offering hundreds of students each year an exciting opportunity to practice public speaking and policy writing. The conferences accommodate students with varying degrees of English ability, and the global diversity of participants and staff offers delegates the unique opportunity to approach challenging issues from numerous different perspectives. Harvard Model Congress strives to prepare the next generation of democratic leaders and global citizens. Because of their sheer size, the Harvard Model Congress conferences require a large amount of planning by the students hosting the events. Harvard Model Congress is one of the largest Harvard student organizations, and each year around 200 Harvard students assist with planning and running the conferences. As soon as one Harvard Model Congress conference ends, planning for the subsequent such conference begins. For the flagship HMC-Boston conference, topics for debate must be chosen by May so that briefing books can be prepared over the summer and distributed by early fall, in time to allow delegates to begin intensively researching each committee's topics for debate. Updates to briefings are written and distributed to schools by winter, and issue summaries are also provided to the delegates. HMC 2007 is slated to be HMC's first-ever paperless conference. For the duration of the event each year, Harvard Model Congress uses essentially all of the conference space available at the Boston Sheraton, which needs to be reserved years in advance. Although most of the written work during the actual weekend of the event is done by the delegates, the staff continues to provide programmatic direction and manages all operations throughout the duration of the conference.",1
Balochistan Police,"Balochistan Police  2015-03-02T23:00:37Z  Balochistan Police is responsible for policing urban Balochistan, Pakistan. Its strength was 36000 as of 2008. The current Inspector General of Police, Balochistan is Muhammad Amlish. Balochistan Police is responsible for the law and order situation in mostly urban areas only, which are called A areas. ,  Balochistan Police  2016-11-24T15:04:40Z  Balochistan Police is responsible for policing urban Balochistan, Pakistan. Its strength was 38000 as of 2014. The current Inspector General of Police, Balochistan is Ahsan Mehboob. Balochistan Police is responsible for the law and order situation in mostly urban areas only, which are called A areas.",1
Joshua_Mason_Macomber,"Joshua_Mason_Macomber  2007-12-03T00:01:32Z   Joshua Mason Macomber, A. M. , M. D (J Mason Macomber), (October 11 1811–February 9 1881) was a noted educator and a physician from New Salem, Massachusetts, United States. Macomber grew up Baptist in New Salem, Mass. He came in later life to be a Unitarian. Macomber attended Amherst College for 1 year and then Brown University, from which he received his undergraduate degree, A. M. , 1835. He married Sarah A. Lee of Chester in 1838. During the time he was at Brown, he first came to Uxbridge, Massachusetts and worked at the Uxbridge Academy. He served in a number of New England Preparatory academies in the 1830's. He returned to Uxbridge in 1841 to become the principal at the Uxbridge Academy. J. Mason Macomber was the preceptor of Uxbridge Academy from 1841-1850. . Famous Historian and writer, William Augustus Mowry detailed this accomplished educator's life in a biographical sketch with the publication, ""The Uxbridge Academy-A brief history with a Biographical Sketch of J. Mason Macomber, A. M. , M. D"". The Uxbridge Academy was formed in 1818 at Uxbridge, Massachusetts. It flourished in the early, mid, 19th Century and graduated a number of prominent citizens as one of New England's historic preparatory academies. The Uxbridge Academy developed a widespread reputation and during his tenure attracted hundreds of students from hundreds of communities in from at least six states. In 1851 he enrolled at the New York Medical College to study to become a physician. He graduated from New York Medical College in 1854. He became a professor in the University of Pennsylvania Medical College at Philadelphia. Around 1861 his only son died at the age of 18. He was devastated, and although he could have stayed and taught at U Penn. , he chose instead to return to Uxbridge. He remained in Uxbridge and active as a Unitarian and in community service until his death in 1881. Cagegory:1881 deaths,  Joshua_Mason_Macomber  2009-11-17T02:30:59Z   Joshua Mason Macomber, A. M. , M. D (J Mason Macomber), (October 11 1811–February 9 1881) was a noted educator and a physician from New Salem, Massachusetts, United States. Macomber grew up Baptist in New Salem, Mass. He came in later life to be a Unitarian. Macomber attended Amherst College for 1 year and then Brown University, from which he received his undergraduate degree, A. M. , 1835. He married Sarah A. Lee of Chester in 1838. During the time he was at Brown, he first came to Uxbridge, Massachusetts and worked at the Uxbridge Academy. He served in a number of New England Preparatory academies in the 1830's. He returned to Uxbridge in 1841 to become the principal at the Uxbridge Academy. J. Mason Macomber was the principal of Uxbridge Academy from 1841-1850. . Famous Historian and writer, William Augustus Mowry detailed this accomplished educator's life in a biographical sketch with the publication, ""The Uxbridge Academy-A brief history with a Biographical Sketch of J. Mason Macomber, A. M. , M. D"". The Uxbridge Academy was formed in 1818 at Uxbridge, Massachusetts. It flourished in the early, mid, 19th century and graduated a number of prominent citizens as one of New England's historic preparatory academies. The Uxbridge Academy developed a widespread reputation and during his tenure attracted hundreds of students from hundreds of communities in from at least six states. In 1851 he enrolled at the New York Medical College to study to become a physician. He graduated from New York Medical College in 1854. He became a professor in the University of Pennsylvania Medical College at Philadelphia. Around 1861 his only son died at the age of 18. He was devastated, and although he could have stayed and taught at U Penn. , he chose instead to return to Uxbridge. He remained in Uxbridge and active as a Unitarian and in community service until his death in 1881.",0
São Paulo FC,"São Paulo FC  2012-01-02T21:24:27Z  São Paulo Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: São Paulo Football Club), commonly known as São Paulo, is a professional football club based in São Paulo, Brazil. They play in the Campeonato Paulista, São Paulo's state league, and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A or Brasileirão, Brazil's national league, and are one of the only five clubs to have never been relegated, along with Santos, Flamengo, Internacional and Cruzeiro. São Paulo is Brazil's most internationally lauded team and third in South America, after Boca Juniors and Independiente, with 11 international titles. It is one of the most successful club in Brazilian football in terms of overall titles, having won a 21 state titles, six Brasileirão titles, a record 3 Copa Libertadores titles, 1 Supercopa Sudamericana, 1 Copa CONMEBOL, 2 Recopa Sudamericanas, 2 Intercontinental Cups and 1 FIFA Club World Cup. São Paulo was a founding member of the of the Clube dos 13 (English: 13's Club) group of Brazil's leading football clubs. Founded in 1930, São Paulo established itself as a major force in both Brazilian and South American football during the 1990s. In the 1990s, the club had one of the best ever teams in Brazil and South America under the coaching of Telê Santana, winning three state titles, one national championship, two Copa Libertadores, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL. They play in a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), and white shorts and socks. They are the third most popular football club in Brazil, with over 15 million supporters. The team's traditional home kit colour is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), white shorts and socks. São Paulo's home ground is the 67,428-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo, where it has played since 1947. The Morumbi was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2006. São Paulo is Brazil's richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual revenue of $111.9m (€78.2m), and the third most valuable club in the nation, worth over $353.4m (€246.9m) in 2011. Club Athletico Paulistano was established on December 29, 1900 by São Paulo city youngsters after they watched a game between Internacional de São Paulo and Mackenzie College. The club's first official game was played on May 3, 1902, when they were defeated by São Paulo Athletic. After beating São Paulo Athletic on November 1, 1905 for the Taça Álvares Penteado, the team's captain Jorge Mesquita and other players left the club and joined Associação Atlética das Palmeiras. The new club was formed on January 25, 1930 and was named the São Paulo Futebol Clube. At the time, São Paulo's stadium was called Floresta, Forest in Portuguese, so the team was known as São Paulo da Floresta. In their first season, the team finished as runners-up in the Campeonato Paulista, and in 1931 São Paulo won the championship for the first time. In 1933, São Paulo played the first professional football match in Brazil, a 5–1 win over Santos. Due to mistakes made by the club's board, the team was severely crippled by financial difficulties and in debt. So, they merged with the Clube de Regatas Tietê, another sports club from the town. The football department was closed on May 14, 1935. Just after the merge with Tietê that buried São Paulo da Floresta, the founders and re-founders created the Grêmio Tricolor, which originated Clube Atlético São Paulo, on June 4, 1935, and, finally, São Paulo Futebol Clube founded on December 16 of the same year. The first game was against Portuguesa Santista on January 25, 1936. The match was almost cancelled, due to the city's anniversary. Porphyrio da Paz, football director and composer of the club's anthem, pleaded to the Board of Education Office and obtained permission for the game to continue. Another merger occurred in 1938, this time with Clube Atlético Estudantes Paulista, from the neighborhood of Moóca. With this new merge, they once again finished as runners-up in the Campeonato Paulista. In 1940, when the Estádio do Pacaembu was inaugurated, a new era began in São Paulo state football. São Paulo Futebol Clube took advantage of this, finishing as runners-up once again in the Campeonato Paulista in 1941. A year later the club paid 200 contos de réis, which is equivalent to R$ 162,000 today, to acquire Leônidas da Silva from Flamengo. Being a mjor club, São Paulo brought in other talented players like Argentinian António Sastre and Brazilians Noronha, José Carlos Bauer, Zezé Procópio, Luizinho, Rui and Teixeirinha. With these new additions, Tricolor became known as the Steam Roller, winning the Paulsita championship five times, in 1943, 1945, 1946, 1948 and 1949. During this time, the club was using the Canindé as a training ground. But it was soon sold to Portuguesa to raise money for the construction of their new stadium the Estádio do Morumbi. After the success of the 1940s, came drought in the early 1950s. The club only won two state championships in the 1950s, coming in 1953 and 1957. The latter championship was won with the help of experienced player Zizinho, who was 35 years old, and Hungarian manager Béla Guttmann. The club wallowed in mediocrity after this with the rise in Pelé and success of his club, Santos. Also the club was focused on the construction of the Morumbi stadium pumping in all of their efforts and resources to complete the new stadium. With Pelé becoming a supertar at Santos and the distractions of building a new stadium, São Paulo entered its longest title-less period in history. Since the club's budget planning was focused on the Morumbi stadium construction, rather than the signing of new players, few expensive players were bought. The club did manage to bring in a few quality players, including Roberto Dias and Jurandir. However they could not help the fortunes of the once great club. For twelve years after the 1957 Paulista Championship title, the club did not win any major title. In 1960, Morumbi Stadium was inaugurated, and named after the late Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, who was the club's chairman during most of the stadium construction. One of the few happy moments for the fans during this period was the 1963 Paulista Championship 4–1 victory against Pelé's Santos. In 1970, the Morumbi stadium construction was finally concluded and players like Gérson from Botafogo, Uruguayan midfielder Pedro Rocha from Peñarol and Santos's goalscorer Toninho Guerreiro were hired. The club was managed by Zezé Moreira, who was the manager of Brazil at the World Cup in 1954, won the Paulista Championship after beating Guarani 2–1 in a the Campinas, a week before the end of the competition. In 1971, the club beat Palmeiras 1–0, with a goal from Toninho Guerreiro, in the final to capture another state title. That year saw the inaugural Campeonato Brasileiro, with the club finishing as runner-ups behind Atlético Mineiro, who was managed by Telê Santana. In the following years, Pelé's Santos and Corinthians declined, and São Paulo and Palmeiras ruled the football of São Paulo state. In 1972, Palmeiras won the state championship title, only one point ahead of São Paulo. A year later in 1973 Palmeiras won the Brazilian Championship over Tricolor. In 1974, São Paulo took part of the Copa Libertadores losing in the final to Independiente, in a replay. In 1975 the club was managed by the former goalkeeper José Poy, and won the Paulista Championship after defeating Portuguesa in a penalty shootout. Valdir Peres, Chicão, Serginho Chulapa and Zé Sérgio were the club's best players in securing their first Brazilian Championship during the 1977 campaign. The title was won with a penalty shootout victory over Atlético Mineiro at the Mineirão. However they could not retain their success and did not win any other title until 1980. In the 1980s, São Paulo won an impressive amount of titles. The club was built from the back, with an impressive central defending pair of Oscar and Dario Pereyra. These two players helped the club to win the Paulista Championship in 1980 and 1981. In 1985, the manager Cilinho introduced to the world the Menudos of Morumbi, a team of young, good-looking men who attracted much female attention at the time, especially Silas, Müller and Sidney. In that same year, the club won the Paulista Championship. The club's striker was Careca, a centre forward who played in the 1986 FIFA World Cup. Careca eventually went on to join forces with Maradona and Giordano at Napoli, composing what the fans would call the ""MaGiCa"", magic in Italian. Later in his career, Maradona would refer to Careca as the best player he had ever played with. In the midfield of São Paulo was Falcão, who came in from Italy's A.S. Roma, nicknamed the King of Rome. In 1986, manager Pepe lead the club to its second Brazilian Championship title, defeating Guarani in a penalty shootout, the final is still regarded as one of the most exhilarating matches in Brazilian Football history. In 1987, Dario Pereyra left the club. In that year, the Menudos team won its last title. The Tricolor Decade ended with the 1989 Paulista Championship title and with a second place in the Brazilian Championship, after losing to Vasco da Gama in the final match. In 1990, After a poor start of the campaign Telê Santana was hired as the club's coach. São Paulo was the Brazilian Championship runner-up. In the following year, the club won the Paulista Championship. In 1991, after being two times in a row Brazilian Championship runner-up, São Paulo won its third competition title, after beating Carlos Alberto Parreira's Bragantino. Was the making of a giant taking place, as it would be proved by the following years in which this team would claim total dominance either Nationally and Internationally. In 1992 they, were known as the São Paulo of Telê, Zetti and Raí, reached the Copa Libertadores final, against Newell's Old Boys of Argentina. In the first leg, in Rosario, Newell's Old Boys won 1–0. In the second leg, São Paulo beat the other side 1–0, and won the competition in the penalty shootout. Lineup: In the same year, in Tokyo the club won its first Intercontinental Cup, beating Johann Cruyff's ""Dream Team"" FC Barcelona 2–1, after reversing the score. Was a game played at the highest of levels, and was a treat for all the football fans around the world who have witnessed. A testimony of the greatness of both coaches Johann Cruyff and Telê Santana. Trully a match not to be forgotten. After returning to Brazil, the club beat Palmeiras 2–1 and achieved its 18th state championship title (since 1930). In 1993, São Paulo again won the Copa Libertadores, after beating Universidad Católica of Chile. After the competition , Raí left the club. São Paulo won the Intercontinental Cup again, in Tokyo, after beating Fabio Capello's and ""Gli Invicibili"" AC Milan 3–2. Müller scored the winning goal in the 86th minute of the match, from a Toninho Cerezo assist. The São Paulo vs. Milan clash has gone down in the annals of the game as one of the most spectacular matches in history. In 1994, the club again reached the final of the Copa Libertadores, this time against Argentina's Vélez Sársfield, but they were defeated by the Argentine side in the penalty shootout, at Morumbi stadium. But by the end of this year, São Paulo won the Copa CONMEBOL (the predecessor of the Copa Sudamericana) defeating Peñarol of Uruguay, one of the most important clubs of the continent, in the final of the tournament. In the beginning of 1996, due to health issues, Telê Santana left São Paulo, ending the club's golden era. After him, between 1995 and 2004, 14 managers worked on the club without staying long. Among the most notable titles during those 10 years were the 2000 Paulista Championship and the club's first Rio-São Paulo Tournament title in 2001. Rogério Ceni, Julio Baptista, Luís Fabiano and Kaká were the club's stars. The club's idol, Raí briefly played for the club between 1998 and 2000, and with him, the club won the Paulista Championship twice, in 1998 and 2000, after beating Corinthians and Santos, respectively. In 2004 São Paulo was back in the Copa Libertadores after 10 years since its last final against Vélez. The team reached the semifinals but it was surprisingly eliminated by the underdogs Once Caldas, from Colombia. In the end of that year Émerson Leão was hired as the club's coach, after the club's unsuccessful campaign in winning the Libertadores Cup again. In 2003, São Paulo FC made a deal with Santangelo Club Aficionado, from the Spanish amateur league, and since then, the Spanish club changed its name to São Paulo Madrid. In 2005, with Leão as the club's manager, São Paulo easily won the Paulista Championship. However, Leão would soon leave the club, and Paulo Autuori, which had been previously the Peru national football team's manager, was hired to replace him. São Paulo won the Libertadores Cup that year, beating another Brazilian team, Atlético Paranaense in the final match. Atlético was not allowed to play in its own home stadium, Kyocera Arena, because it has a maximum spectator capacity below the minimum capacity required by CONMEBOL for the Copa Libertadores final two matches. The first leg, to be hosted by Atlético, then ended up being at Estádio Beira-Rio in Porto Alegre, ending in a 1–1 draw. In the second leg, at Estádio do Morumbi, São Paulo beat Atlético Paranaense 4–0. São Paulo became the first Brazilian club to have won three Copa Libertadores titles. Lineup: In December 2005, São Paulo competed in the FIFA Club World Championship in Japan. After beating Saudi Arabia's Al-Ittihad 3–2, the Brazilian team faced the European champions Liverpool from England in the final. A 1–0 scoreline against the English team was enough to give São Paulo its third Intercontinental title, in a memorable match by Rogério Ceni. The single goal was scored by Mineiro in the first half of the match. Other players in that year's squad included centre-back Diego Lugano, full-back Cicinho and forward Amoroso. Lineup: After the almost perfect 2005 season, São Paulo experienced some changes. Paulo Autuori left the team to coach Kashima Antlers in the J. League. Muricy Ramalho was signed up as the new coach, having led Internacional to the runners-up position in the 2005 Brazilian Championship. In his first tournament as a manager, Ramalho reached second place in the Paulista Championship, losing to Santos by one point. During that period, São Paulo began playing in the 2006 Copa Libertadores. They again reached the final, but this time faced Brazilian opposition, Internacional. They lost the first match 1–2 and tied the second 2–2, which was not enough to assure São Paulo a fourth continental title. After the end of the Copa Libertadores, the squad focused only on the Brazilian Serie A. In the 12th round, they grabbed the leading position and kept it all the way until the end of the season, celebrating their fourth Campeonato Brasileiro trophy in the 36th round, out of a total of 38, on November 19, 2006, with a 1–1 tie against Atlético Paranaense. São Paulo also broke some records, such as reaching 28 rounds leading the National Championship in a row (the previous record was 18 rounds). Also, they became the first team to become national champions in the new league system format with most victories, besides being considered the best offense and defense among all teams that year. Lineup: Again after not showing good results in 2007 Copa Libertadores, São Paulo won the Brazilian Title for the second year in a row. The team was 15 points ahead of the second place Santos. Lineup: In the middle of the season, São Paulo was 11 points behind the league leaders, Gremio, and almost gave up fighting for the title. But in the end, the team won the championship for the third year in a row, becoming the first team in Brazil to have won the national title six times (a feat equaled by Flamengo one year later). Manager Muricy Ramalho was also the first manager in Brazilian soccer to win three Brazilian titles in a row with the same team. Lineup: After losing the semifinals of the Campeonato Paulista 2009, manager Muricy Ramalho was being under pressure from the beginning of the year, when the squad did not perform well. The dissatisfaction from the board of directors led to his being fired from the manager post, following a defeat in the home leg of the 2009 Libertadores Cup to Cruzeiro. That was São Paulo FC's fourth consecutive Libertadores Cup elimination to a team from Brazil. Ricardo Gomes took over the position from Ramalho. Then, São Paulo had a hard time before recovering its breath to compete again against the big dogs. In 2010 São Paulo lost again against Internacional at 2010 Libertadores Cup and Ricardo Gomes left out from the manager post, after this the young players Lucas and Casemiro started to play on senior team. In 2011 the club brought Rivaldo and Luis Fabiano was bought for 7.6 million euros, the most expensive hiring in the history of São Paulo, still in 2011 Rogério Ceni scored his hundredth goal in over main rival of the tricolor, the Corinthians. When Paulistano and Palmeiras merged, their colors (red and white for Paulistano and black and white for Palmeiras) were inherited by São Paulo. Not only the colors match the ones in São Paulo's state flag, it also represents the three main races that lived in Brazil during that period: the native Americans (represented by the red), the Europeans(represented by the white) and the Africans (represented by the black). The home uniform is a white shirt, with two horizontal stripes at chest's level, the upper one being red and the lower one being black, with the badge in the center of the chest. The shorts and socks are all-white. The away uniform consists in a red shirt with red, black and white vertical stripes (the white stripes are narrow than the others), black shorts and socks. The badge, which was designed by Walter Ostrich in the early days of São Paulo, consists in a shield with a black retangle in the upper section with the initials SPFC in white. Below the rectangle it shows a triangle with three colors: red, white and black). The badge also shows five stars, two gold and three red ones. The gold ones pay homage to Adhemar Ferreira da Silva's world and olympic records and the red ones represents the world championships won by São Paulo. São Paulo's stadium is officially named Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo (Cicero Pompeu de Toledo Stadium), although most people refer to it by its nickname Estádio do Morumbi (Morumbi Stadium). It was inaugurated in 1960, with a maximum sitting capacity of 120,000 people, but now its maximum capacity is only 80,000 seats, and only 75,000 tickets are sold each game for safety reasons. But has had 146.082 people in 1977 as its record attendance for a football match . The club also owns two training grounds, one named Centro de Treinamento Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen (Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen Training Center), and nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) da Barra Funda (Barra Funda's Training Center), which is used mostly by the professional team. The other is the Centro de Formação de Atletas Presidente Laudo Natel (President Laudo Natel Athletes Formation Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) de Cotia (Cotia's Training Center), which is used by the youth teams. As of July 19, 2011 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Last updated: October 2011Source: São Paulo FC,  São Paulo FC  2013-12-18T22:28:46Z  São Paulo Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: ), simply known as São Paulo, is a professional football club, based in São Paulo, Brazil. The club plays in the Paulistão (the State of São Paulo's premier state league), as well as the Brasileirão (the top tier of the Brazilian football league system), being one of the only five clubs to have never been relegated, along with Santos, Flamengo, Internacional and Cruzeiro. As for international titles, São Paulo is the most successful team from Brazil, with 12 international titles. It is also one of the most successful South American clubs in terms of overall titles, having won 21 state titles, six Brasileirão titles, three Copa Libertadores titles, one Copa Sudamericana, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL (the precursor of the current Copa Sudamericana), two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup. Founded in 1935, São Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil's leading football clubs. The club's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s, under coach Telê Santana, when it won three state titles, one national championship, two Copa Libertadores, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL. São Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil, with over 17 million supporters. The team's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), white shorts and white socks. Its home ground is the 80,938-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo, where it has played since 1947. The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2006. São Paulo is Brazil's richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual revenue of $111.9m (€78.2m), and the nation's most valuable club, worth over $353.4m (€246.9m) in 2011. The São Paulo FC was founded in January 25, 1930 by 60 former officials, players, members and friends of the football clubs CA Paulistano and AA das Palmeiras of São Paulo. Paulistano, founded in 1900 and thus one of the oldest clubs in town and eleven times champions of São Paulo, abandoned football because of the professionalisation of the sport. Palmeiras, founded in 1902 and three times champions of São Paulo intended after the end of the season 1929 to set up a professional team, but failed to do so. Paulistano brought into the union star players like Arthur Friedenreich and Araken Patuska. Palmeiras' greatest contribution was the stadium Estádio da Floresta, generally known as Chácara da Floresta and considered the best sports ground in town. After this home ground the São Paulo FC of that era is often referred to as São Paulo da Floresta. The jerseys of the new club were derived from the ones of Palemiras, which were white and sported a black ring across the chest. To the black and white of Palmeiras was added the red and white of Paulistano, thus, the ring became red, white and black. The team, coached by former Paulistano star player Rubens Salles, played its first match on March 16, 1930 when it drew 0-0 against CA Ypiranga. The side, that should be remembered as Esquadrão do Aço - the ""Team of Steel"" - became in the same year runner up of the State Championship and won it in 1931, losing only one match of 26 and scoring 92 goals in the process. In the following three years São Paulo FC was again runner up in the championship. In 1933 football in São Paulo became officially professional and the friendly match on March 12, 1933 which São Paulo won 5-1 against Santos FC is considered the opener of that era. Internal arguments and turmoil led to financial problems. The club merged with the Clube de Regatas Tietê, another sports club from the town, and the football department was disbanded on May 14, 1935. Just after the merger with Tietê, the founders and re-founders created the Grêmio Tricolor, which formed Clube Atlético São Paulo, on June 4, 1935, and, finally, São Paulo Futebol Clube on December 16 of the same year. The new club's first game was against Portuguesa Santista on January 25, 1936. The match was almost cancelled, owing to the city's anniversary, but Porphyrio da Paz, the football director and composer of the club's anthem, obtained permission from the Board of Education Office for the game to continue. Another merger occurred in 1938, this time with Clube Atlético Estudantes Paulista, from the neighborhood of Moóca, and the club finished as runners-up in the Campeonato Paulista. In 1940, when the Estádio do Pacaembu was inaugurated, a new era began in São Paulo state football. São Paulo Futebol Clube finished as runners-up once again in the Campeonato Paulista in 1941, and a year later the club paid 200 contos de réis (equivalent to approximately R$ 162,000 today) to acquire Leônidas da Silva from Flamengo. During this period, São Paulo also acquired the Argentinian António Sastre and Brazilians Noronha, José Carlos Bauer, Zezé Procópio, Luizinho, Rui and Teixeirinha. With these new additions, Tricolor became known as the Steam Roller, winning the Paulista championship five times, in 1943, 1945, 1946, 1948 and 1949. The club sold its Canindé training ground to Portuguesa to raise money for their new stadium the Estádio do Morumbi, for which construction began in 1952. The run of success of the 1940s, came to an end in the early 1950s, and the club only won two state championships in the new decade, in 1953 and 1957. The latter championship was won with the help of the 35-year-old Brazilian international Zizinho and Hungarian manager Béla Guttmann. In the years that followed, the club struggled to compete with the rise of Pelé and his club, Santos. With the construction of the Morumbi stadium still ongoing, São Paulo entered its longest period without a title in its history, which was to last thirteen years. Since São Paulo's budget planning was focused on the Morumbi stadium construction rather than the signing of new players, few expensive players were bought during the 1960s, although the club did acquire Brazilian internationals Roberto Dias and Jurandir. In 1960, the Morumbi Stadium was inaugurated, and named after the late Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, the club's chairman during most of the stadium construction. One of the few happy moments for the fans during this period was the 1963 Paulista Championship 4–1 victory against Pelé's Santos. In 1970, the Morumbi stadium was finally completed and the club purchased Gérson from Botafogo, Uruguayan midfielder Pedro Rocha from Peñarol and striker Toninho Guerreiro from Santos. The club was managed by Zezé Moreira, who was the manager of Brazil at the World Cup in 1954, and won the Paulista Championship after beating Guarani 2–1 in the Campinas a week before the end of the competition. In 1971, the club beat Palmeiras 1–0, with a goal from Toninho Guerreiro, in the final to capture another state title. That year saw the inaugural Campeonato Brasileiro, with the club finishing as runners-up to Atlético Mineiro, managed by Telê Santana. In the following years, São Paulo and Palmeiras gradually overtook Pelé's Santos and Corinthians as the dominant club sides in São Paulo state. In 1972, Palmeiras won the state championship title, only one point ahead of São Paulo, and the following year the clubs finished in the same positions in the Brazilian Championship. In 1974, São Paulo took part in the Copa Libertadores losing in the final to Independiente in a replay. In 1975, former goalkeeper José Poy took over as manager, and São Paulo won the Paulista Championship after defeating Portuguesa in a penalty shoot-out. Valdir Peres, Chicão, Serginho Chulapa and Zé Sérgio were the club's most influential players when São Paulo finally secured the Brazilian Championship for the first time in 1977 following a penalty shoot-out victory over Atlético Mineiro at the Mineirão. However, they failed to win another trophy until the reclaimed the Paulista Championship in 1980. In the 1980s, São Paulo won four Paulista and one Brazilian titles, helped by the impressive central defensive pair of Oscar and Dario Pereyra. 1980 and 1981, the club won the Paulista Championship in successive seasons for the first time since the 1940s. In 1985, the head coach Cilinho introduced to the world the Menudos of Morumbi, a team that included Silas, Müller and Sidney, and the club once again won the Paulista Championship. The main striker was Careca, a centre-forward who also played for Brazil in the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The midfield featured Falcão, brought in from Italian club A.S. Roma, and nicknamed the King of Rome. In 1986, manager Pepe led the club to its second Brazilian Championship title, defeating Guarani in a penalty shoot-out. In 1987, Dario Pereyra left the club, but in that year the Menudos team won its last title, another Paulista title. The so-called Tricolor Decade ended with the 1989 Paulista Championship title and a second place finish in the Brazilian Championship, when São Paulo lost to Vasco da Gama in the final match. In 1990, after a poor start to the campaign in Championship Paulista, Telê Santana was hired as the club's coach, and São Paulo went on to finish runners-up in the Brazilian Championship. In 1991, Tele Santana wins first title on São Paulo winning the Paulista championship. In 1991, São Paulo won the Brazilian championship after beating Carlos Alberto Parreira's Bragantino, and the club began a period of consistent achievement both nationally and internationally. The following year they reached the Copa Libertadores final, where they faced Newell's Old Boys of Argentina. São Paulo lost the first leg 1–0, but reversed the scoreline in the second leg in Brazil, and then won the competition in the penalty shoot-out to take the title for the first time. In the same year, in Tokyo the club won its first Intercontinental Cup, beating Johann Cruyff's FC Barcelona team 2–1. After returning to Brazil, the club beat Palmeiras 2–1 to win its eighteenth state championship title. In 1993, São Paulo retained the Copa Libertadores, beating Universidad Católica of Chile in the final. After the competition, influential midfielder Raí left the club, but São Paulo won the Intercontinental Cup again, beating Fabio Capello's A.C. Milan 3–2. Müller scored the winning goal in the 86th minute of the match, from an assist by Toninho Cerezo. In 1994, the club reached the final of the Copa Libertadores for the third year in a row, and faced Argentina's Vélez Sársfield. On this occasion they lost a penalty shoot-out to the Argentine side at the Morumbi stadium. But by the end of this year, São Paulo won the Copa CONMEBOL, defeating Peñarol of Uruguay in the final. At the beginning of 1996, owing to health issues, Telê Santana left São Paulo, ending the club's golden era. Between 1995 and 2004the club had fourteen managers. Among the most notable titles during those ten years were the 2000 Paulista Championship and the club's first Rio-São Paulo Tournament title in 2001. Rogério Ceni, Julio Baptista, Luís Fabiano and Kaká were the club's stars. Raí briefly returned to the club between 1998 and 2000, and with him, the club won the Paulista Championship twice, in 1998 and 2000, after beating Corinthians and Santos, respectively. In 2004 São Paulo were back in the Copa Libertadores and reached the semi-finals before being eliminated by underdogs Once Caldas, from Colombia. At the end of that year Émerson Leão was hired as the club's coach. In 2003, São Paulo made a deal with Spanish amateur side Santangelo Club Aficionado that resulted in the Spanish club changing its name to São Paulo Madrid. In 2005, with Leão as the club's manager, São Paulo won the Paulista Championship. However, Leão would soon leave the club, and Paulo Autuori, the former manager of Peru's national team, was hired to replace him. São Paulo won the Libertadores Cup for the third time, beating another Brazilian team, Atlético Paranaense in the final. Atlético switched the first leg of the final to Estádio Beira-Rio in Porto Alegre, their own ground not having sufficient capacity for a final, and the match ended in a 1–1 draw. In the second leg, at the Morumbi, São Paulo won 4–0 to become the first Brazilian club to win three Copa Libertadores titles. In December 2005, São Paulo competed in the FIFA Club World Championship in Japan. After beating Saudi Arabia's Al-Ittihad 3–2, they faced the European champions Liverpool in the final. A 1–0 victory over the English team gave São Paulo its third intercontinental title. The single goal was scored by Mineiro in the first half of the match. Other players in that year's squad included centre-back Diego Lugano, full-back Cicinho and forward Amoroso. After the success of the 2005 season, Paulo Autuori left the team to coach Kashima Antlers in the J. League. Muricy Ramalho was signed up as the new coach, having led Internacional to the runners-up position in the 2005 Brazilian Championship. In his first tournament as a manager, Ramalho reached second place in the Paulista Championship, losing to Santos by one point. São Paulo reached the final of the 2006 Copa Libertadores, but lost 4-3 on aggregate to Brazilian rivals Internacional. However, they went on to win their fourth Campeonato Brasileiro trophy, becoming the first team to become national champions in the new league system format. After being eliminated from the Copa Libertadores in 2007, São Paulo won the Brazilian title for the second year in a row, fifteen points ahead of second-placed Santos. They won the title for the third season running in 2008 season, overturning an eleven-point deficit behind Gremio, to become the first team win the national title six times. Manager Muricy Ramalho was also the first manager to win three Brazilian titles in a row with the same team. Muricy Ramalho was fired from the manager post following a defeat in the home leg of the 2009 Copa Libertadores to Cruzeiro, São Paulo's fourth consecutive Libertadores Cup elimination to another Brazilian. Ricardo Gomes took over as manager. In 2010 São Paulo lost again against Internacional in the 2010 Libertadores Cup, ending Ricardo Gomes's spell as manager. In 2011 the club signed Rivaldo, and Luís Fabiano was bought for 7.6 million euros, the most expensive player in the history of São Paulo, and goalkeeper Rogério Ceni scored his hundredth career goal, against Corinthians. In a research made by brazilian sports site GloboEsporte.com, São Paulo, during eight years, among 2003 and 2011, were the second club from country to earn more money negotiating them players. Tricolor paulista received R$ 287 million. The first one is Sport Club Internacional, that earned R$ 289 million. For 2013 season, São Paulo, after seven years wearing kits produced by Reebok, signed with brazilian brand Penalty. The contract is valid until 2015 and the club will earn R$35 million per year. This contract is the second most valuable of kits supplies from Brazil: just is exceeded by the signed between Flamengo and Adidas, in a value of R$38 million. When Paulistano and Palmeiras merged, their colours (red and white for Paulistano and black and white for Palmeiras) were inherited by São Paulo. The colours match those of São Paulo's state flag, and also represent the three main races that lived in Brazil during that period: the native Americans (represented by the red), the Europeans (represented by the white) and the Africans (represented by the black). The club's home strip is a white shirt, with two horizontal stripes at chest level, the upper one red and the lower one black, and with a badge in the centre of the chest. The shorts and socks are all-white. The away strip consists of a red shirt with red, black and white vertical stripes, black shorts and socks. The badge, which was designed by Walter Ostrich in the early days of São Paulo, consists of a shield with a black rectangle in the upper section bearing the initials SPFC in white. Below the rectangle is a red, white and black triangle. The badge also has five stars, two gold and three red ones. The gold ones denote Adhemar Ferreira da Silva's world and Olympic records and the red ones represents the three world championships won by São Paulo. São Paulo's stadium is officially named Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo (Cicero Pompeu de Toledo Stadium) and commonly known by the nickname Estádio do Morumbi (Morumbi Stadium). It was inaugurated in 1960, with a maximum sitting capacity of 120,000 people, but now its maximum capacity is ""only"" 80,938 seats. Its record attendance for a football match, set in 1977, is 146,082. The club also owns two training grounds, one named Centro de Treinamento Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen (Frederico Antônio Germano Menzen Training Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) da Barra Funda (Barra Funda's Training Center), which is used mostly by the professional team. The other is the Centro de Formação de Atletas Presidente Laudo Natel (President Laudo Natel Athletes Formation Center), nicknamed Centro de Treinamento (CT) de Cotia (Cotia's Training Center), which is used by the youth teams. As of 16 October 2013 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Last updated: 16 October 2013Source: São Paulo Futebol Clube The game between these clubs is also known as ""Majestoso"", a name coined by Thomas Mazzoni. The first ""Majestoso"" occurred on 25 May 1930. The fixture has seen 79 wins by São Paulo, 88 wins by Corinthians and 84 draws. This fixture is nicknamed the ""Choque Rei"", and has seen 103 wins by São Paulo, 99 wins by Palmeiras and 99 draws. Also known as ""San-São"", this fixture was first played in 1936. Since then, São Paulo have won it 114 times, Santos 92, and there have been 62 draws. São Paulo's average attendances per year in Brazilian Championship: São Paulo's average attendances per year in Copa Libertadores:",1
Romiit Raaj,"Romiit Raaj  2019-01-02T02:18:12Z  Romit Raj (born on 9 July 1980) is an Indian actor who appeared in Zee TV serials Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as Yuvraj Garodia and Maayka as Jeet Khurana. He also acted in Humdum which was released on 11 February 2005 as Siddhant Dey, and Yatra as Joglekar's son which was released on 4 May 2007. In a nail biting TV series called Adaalat that was aired from 2011 he played the role of Varun. . Recent actions showed that he left Adaalat for some reason but on 4/10/13, he confirmed his arrival back to the show. Raj lived in Mumbai from when he was a year old until he was 10. It was in Kolkata where he started his modeling career and completed his education. He actively took part in school and college plays and also got the opportunity to work in Bengali telefilm and television serials with directors of West Bengal. In 2002 he moved back to Mumbai. He played the character Yuvraj in Ghar ki Lakshmi Betiyaan and Jeet in Maayka. To him, this industry is a family in itself away from family where love, respect, care, hatred and emotions does exist. Raaj was injured on the set of Yatra while filming a scene in which he was expected to run across a road which was set on fire. He completed the shot, but his clothes were set on fire. When he laid down to extinguish the fire, he realized that the ground was covered in pieces of glass, although fast reflexes resulted in only minor burns and cuts from the glass. Raaj is married to Tina Kakkar. On 30 April 2012, she gave birth a girl named Rehaa Raj. Rishtey Awards,  Romiit Raaj  2020-11-27T07:01:39Z  Romit Raaj is an Indian Actor who started his career in 2002 and has done lead roles on television serials, webseries and films. He is also the only actor in history of Indian television to have played two lead roles simultaneously on zeetv in the same period completing more than 500 episodes of Maayka & Betiyan between 2007-2009  Rishtey Awards",1
Passport to Your National Parks,"Passport to Your National Parks  2005-08-16T20:27:59Z  At nearly all of the 388 American National Park units, one or more cancellation stamp can be aquired. The Passport program is run by Eastern National, a non-profit organization. Important Links: Parkstamps.org Complete list of all known stamps, plus trip reports and stories about National Parks Eastern National The organization that runs the program National Park Passport Stamps A website containing more than 500 examples of Passport Stamps,  Passport to Your National Parks  2006-11-30T04:03:41Z  At nearly all of the 429 American National Park units (and many of the National Park Service's affiliated areas), one or more National Park Passport Stamps (cancellation stamps) can be acquired at no cost at park visitor centers and ranger stations. The stamps serve as a record of each park visit. The Passport program is run by Eastern National, a non-profit organization. The program began in the middle of 1986. Over 1,300,000 Passport books have been sold. In 2006, for the program's 20th anniversary, the ""Passport Explorer"" was released, featuring a binder and larger pages. Approximately 2,000 cancellation stamps have been issued since the start of the program. Passport stamp ink comes in various colors depending on which of the 9 passport regions one obtains the stamp. The regions (and their colors) are: In addition to the cancellation stamps, one can also buy adhesive stamps to affix to the Passport book. These stamps are issued each year. They feature a photo and description of one park per region, with the parks changing each year.",1
Luenell,"Luenell  2008-02-05T18:32:57Z  Luenell Campbell (born March 12 1960) is an American comedienne and actress. She was born in the U.S. state of Arkansas and uses only her first name. She is the youngest of eight children. She was one of the few actual actors in the 2006 hit mockumentary-styled comedy film Borat! Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. In it, Luenell plays a prostitute of the same name, a hooker with a heart of gold. She has also been seen on the BET comedy series, Comicview, and is featured on the new season of Wild 'N Out. Luenell was raised in Northern California and attended Castro Valley High School. In the early 1990s Luenell appeared regularly on Soul Beat TV on the Oakland, California cable station KSBT, along with prominent Bay Area African-American journalist Chauncey Bailey, an interview and talk show host on the program. Luenell has one daughter, and lives in Los Angeles, California. ,  Luenell  2009-11-05T15:46:16Z  Luenell Campbell (born March 12, 1959), known professionally as Luenell, is an American comedienne and actress. She was born in Tollette, Arkansas and uses only her first name. She is the youngest of eight children. She was raised in Northern California and attended Castro Valley High School. Luenell has one daughter, and lives in Los Angeles, California. In the early 1990s Luenell appeared regularly on Soul Beat TV on the Oakland, California cable station KSBT, along with prominent Bay Area African-American journalist Chauncey Bailey, an interview and talk show host on the program. Luenell was one of the few actual actors in the 2006 hit mockumentary-styled comedy film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. In it, Luenell plays a prostitute of the same name, a hooker with a heart of gold. She has also been seen on the BET comedy series, Comicview, and is featured on the new season of Wild 'N Out. Luenell was in the second episode of the Comedy Central comedic reality show, Reality Bites Back.",1
Shantel VanSanten,"Shantel VanSanten  2011-01-04T00:23:13Z  Shantel Yvonne VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American actress and model. She currently stars in the CW television series One Tree Hill where she portrays Quinn James. On film, she appeared in You and I and The Final Destination. As a model, she has been featured in magazines such as Teen Vogue and Seventeen. VanSanten was born in Luverne, Minnesota, and was raised in Dallas, Texas where she attended Incarnate Word Academy (an all-girls college prep school) in Houston and Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. VanSanten also started her career as a model at the age of fifteen for the Page Parkes Management. She is very close friends with One Tree Hill co-star, Robert Buckley. VanSanten first appeared as a finalist on NBC's reality Television series Sports Illustrated: Swimsuit Model Search but was eliminated in the series first episode. In 2007, it was announced she had signed on in a film adaption of the novel t. A.T.u. Come Back. Filming took place throughout 2007 in Los Angeles, California and Moscow, Russia. She starred alongside Mischa Barton. The film has yet to have an official release date. VanSanten appeared as Lori Milligan in The Final Destination in 2009. The film is the fourth installment of the horror Final Destination series. The film was released August 28, 2009 and debuted at #1 earning $28.3 million in its first weekend. The film released to negative reviews earned worldwide a successful $183.2 million. In 2009, she made a guest appearance in the television series CSI: NY in the episode She's Not There as Tara Habis. She signed on as a series regular on The CW teen drama television series One Tree Hill as Quinn James in the series seventh and eighth. The series seventh season premiered September 14, 2009.,  Shantel VanSanten  2012-12-19T18:15:46Z  Shantel Yvonne VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American actress and model. As a model, she has been featured in magazines such as Teen Vogue and Seventeen. On television, she played the role of Quinn James in the CW drama series One Tree Hill. On film, she appeared in You and I and The Final Destination. She also starred in the tv romantic comedy, ""Golden Christmas 3"" which premiered on ION television on November 25th, 2012. VanSanten was born in Luverne, Minnesota. She is of Dutch and Norwegian descent. VanSanten was raised in Dallas, Texas where she attended Incarnate Word Academy (an all-girls college prep school) in Houston and Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. VanSanten also started her career as a model at the age of fifteen for the Page Parkes Management. VanSanten first appeared as a finalist on NBC's reality television series Sports Illustrated: Swimsuit Model Search but was eliminated in the series's first episode. In 2007, it was announced she had signed on in a film adaption of the novel t. A.T.u. Come Back. Filming took place throughout 2007 in Los Angeles and Moscow. Starring alongside Mischa Barton, the film premiered in Russia on January 25, 2011, and in the U.S. a year later. In 2009, VanSanten appeared as Lori Milligan in The Final Destination, the fourth installment in the Final Destination film series. Released on August 28, 2009, the film debuted at #1 earning $28.3 million in its first weekend. The film was released to negative reviews, but earned international gross of $183.2 million. It is Shantel's highest grossing film to date. Also in 2009, she made a guest appearance in the television series CSI: NY in the episode ""She's Not There"" as Tara Habis. In 2009 Shantel was cast as a series regular on The CW television drama series One Tree Hill in the series seventh season. She portrays the role of photographer Quinn James and the on screen sibling to Bethany Joy Lenz's character. Shantel's role on the series has continued till the series ninth and final season. Shantel's final appearance was in the series 187th and final episode One Tree Hill which premiered on April 4th 2012. BuddyTV ranked her #24 on its ""TV's 100 Sexiest Women of 2010"" list and #21 in 2011. VanSanten stars as Christine in Something Wicked. The film is the last to feature the late actress Brittany Murphy, who portrays VanSanten's sister-in-law Susan. Shantel appeared as the female lead in Fragile Bird music video by Canadian Alternative band City and Colour. In the spring of 2012, Shantel began shooting the movie ""Golden Christmas 3"" opposite Rob Mayes, Mark Famiglietti, Nikki DeLoach and Orson Bean in a family, romantic, holiday comedy directed by Michael Feifer.",1
Robbie Magasiva,"Robbie Magasiva  2007-01-15T17:03:12Z  Robbie Magasiva is a New Zealand actor who has starred in several fims. He has four brothers Steve, Mike, twins Pua and Tanu, and one sister Trina. His brother Pua is also an actor and has starred in long running New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street. ,  Robbie Magasiva  2008-12-21T14:04:49Z  Robbie Magasiva (born in 1972) is a Samoan New Zealand actor who has starred in several films and as a member of the Naked Samoans comedy troupe. He has also appeared on television and theatre, and is currently co-presenter of New Zealand's Tagata Pasifika with famed athlete Beatrice Faumuina. Robbie had his start on television during the 1990s, beginning with comedy. In 1999, he portrayed Mason Keeler in Jackson's Wharf. 2001 was an important year, as Robbie starred in his first major film Stickmen and joined the Naked Samoans. In 2002, he played Mauhur in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. He returned to television in the show The Strip, continued his work with the Naked Samoans, and made a minor appearance in Power Rangers: Ninja Storm, also starring his brother Pua as the brother of Pua's Character of Shane Clarke. In 2006, Robbie co-starred in Sione's Wedding, a comedy film that achieved commercial success in New Zealand. In 2007 he co-starred in the horror film The Tattooist. He has four brothers, Steve, Mike, twins Pua and Tanu, and one sister Trina. His younger brother Pua considers Robbie his inspiration to become an actor; Robbie signed him and twin Tanu to an acting agency when they were teens. In a recent video on YouTube filmed in Auckland, a local band known as Reality Compound harassed Robbie Magasiva at a traffic light stop. Though Robbie was not seen well due to poor positioning of the hand-held camera, one member of the group recognized the actor and hollered at him, shouting, ""I'm gonna get you back for that Robbie!! You threw me in that bin!!"" Supposedly the one member screaming worked with Robbie in Sione's Wedding.",1
Jayson Leutwiler,"Jayson Leutwiler  2013-01-27T18:25:47Z  Jayson Leutwiler (born 25 April 1989) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Middlesbrough. Leutwiler started his children's football with the local club in Cornaux. In 2002 he moved to the youth system of Neuchâtel Xamax and stayed there until 2005. Playing in the U-18 and U-21 teams, Leutwiler came through the ranks at FC Basel, but because Yann Sommer was first choice goalkeeper in front of him, Leutwiler was sent on loan at FC Concordia Basel in 2007, where he was more likely to get first-team football. At just 18 years of age he had much improving to do and his season-long loan spell at Concordia would have helped him mature as a footballer. However after only 4 games FC Basel cancelled the loan and took Leutwiler back as their first team third-choice goalkeeper because the transfer of Riccardo Meili fell through. After two further seasons on the bench with the Basel first team squad and a number of appearances in the reserve team, Leutwiler was loaned out to Yverdon-Sport for the season 2009/10. The following season he was loaned to FC Wohlen, but here he was unable to hold the first goalkeeper position, therefore he returned to Basel. During the second half of the 2010/11 and the first half of the season 2011/12 he played for the Basel U-21 team again. On 27 January 2012 it was announced that he would be loaned out to FC Schaffhausen until the end of the season. On 14 August 2012 it was announced that Leutwiler joined Middlesbrough. Leutwiler made his debut in a 3-1 win away at Preston in the league cup third round, in which some of his late saves were described as 'Amazing' by BBC Tees commentator Ali Brownlee. Leutwiler played twice for the Swiss U-16 team, his debut being in the 2-1 home win against the Czech Republic U-16 team on 26 April 2005. He also played for the Switzerland U-18 team on 18 October 2006 in the 4-5 away defeat against Slovakia U-18. Leutwiler was nominated for the Swiss national U-20 squad four times, playing three times. He gave his debut on 10 September 2008 in the 5-2 home win against Italy U-20 in the Stadio Giuseppe Sinigaglia in Como. His last appearance was against the same opposition on 20 May 2010 as the Swiss lost 4-1. He was also called up for the Switss U-21 team, but remained on the bench in all three occasions. Basel,  Jayson Leutwiler  2014-12-31T18:13:47Z  Jayson Leutwiler (born 25 April 1989) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Shrewsbury Town. Leutwiler started his children's football with the local club in Cornaux. In 2002 he moved to the youth system of Neuchâtel Xamax and stayed there until 2005. Playing in the U-18 and U-21 teams, Leutwiler came through the ranks at FC Basel, but because Yann Sommer was first choice goalkeeper in front of him, Leutwiler was sent on loan at FC Concordia Basel in 2007, where he was more likely to get first-team football. At just 18 years of age he had much improving to do and his season-long loan spell at Concordia would have helped him mature as a footballer. However after only 4 games FC Basel cancelled the loan and took Leutwiler back as their first team third-choice goalkeeper because the transfer of Riccardo Meili fell through. After two further seasons on the bench with the Basel first team squad and a number of appearances in the reserve team, Leutwiler was loaned out to Yverdon-Sport for the season 2009/10. The following season he was loaned to FC Wohlen, but here he was unable to hold the first goalkeeper position, therefore he returned to Basel. During the second half of the 2010/11 and the first half of the season 2011/12 he played for the Basel U-21 team again. On 27 January 2012 it was announced that he would be loaned out to FC Schaffhausen until the end of the season. On 14 August 2012 it was announced that Leutwiler joined Middlesbrough. Leutwiler made his debut in a 3–1 win away at Preston in the league cup third round, in which some of his late saves were described as 'Amazing' by BBC Tees commentator Ali Brownlee. Leutwiler got his second competitive start for Boro in a 2–1 defeat to Accrington Stanley at home in the first round of the Capital One Cup. He made his league debut in the 1–0 victory over Charlton after being brought on as a substitute. Following his close season release from Middlesbrough, Leutwiler became the eighth summer signing to join Shrewsbury Town in League Two on a two-year deal on 11 June 2014. He started the season as first choice goalkeeper, keeping a clean sheet in each of the first three rounds of the League Cup, all against higher division opposition, to set up a fourth round home tie with Chelsea. Leutwiler played twice for the Swiss U-16 team, his debut being in the 2–1 home win against the Czech Republic U-16 team on 26 April 2005. He also played for the Switzerland U-18 team on 18 October 2006 in the 4–5 away defeat against Slovakia U-18. Leutwiler was nominated for the Swiss national U-20 squad four times, playing three times. He gave his debut on 10 September 2008 in the 5–2 home win against Italy U-20 in the Stadio Giuseppe Sinigaglia in Como. His last appearance was against the same opposition on 20 May 2010 as the Swiss lost 4–1. He was also called up for the Swiss U-21 team, but remained on the bench in all three occasions. Basel",1
Suffield_and_Thompsonville_Bridge,"Suffield_and_Thompsonville_Bridge  2008-10-04T05:45:06Z   The Suffield and Thompsonville Bridge was a 5-span iron truss bridge over the Connecticut River located between present day Suffield, Connecticut and Thompsonville, Connecticut (Enfield). It connected Burbank Avenue in Suffield with Main Street in Thompsonville. Its four stone piers still stand today. In 1889 the Suffield and Thompsonville Bridge Company was granted a charter to construct an iron bridge across the Connecticut River between Thompsonville and Suffield. They owned the bridge. This article about a specific bridge in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a building or structure in Connecticut is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Suffield_and_Thompsonville_Bridge  2010-01-03T17:58:14Z   The Suffield and Thompsonville Bridge was a 5-span iron truss bridge over the Connecticut River located between present day Suffield, Connecticut and Thompsonville, Connecticut (Enfield). It connected Burbank Avenue in Suffield with Main Street in Thompsonville. Its four stone piers still stand today. In 1889 the Suffield and Thompsonville Bridge Company was granted a charter to construct an iron bridge across the Connecticut River between Thompsonville and Suffield. They owned the bridge. Not shown in the image was a walkway on the south (downstream) side of the bridge. Very popular for shad fishing. This article about a specific bridge in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a building or structure in Connecticut is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Alan Ayckbourn,"Alan Ayckbourn  2007-01-02T17:37:19Z  Sir Alan Ayckbourn CBE (born April 12, 1939) is a popular and prolific English playwright. He is frequently cited as the second most-performed English language playwright, after William Shakespeare. Ayckbourn was born in London. His mother Irene Worley was a writer of short stories who published successfully under the name of ""Mary James"". His father, Irene's second husband Horace Ayckbourn, was a distinguished orchestral violinist, at one time deputy leader of the London Symphony Orchestra. His parents, who separated shortly after World War II, never formally married, and Ayckbourn's mother divorced her first husband in order to marry again in 1948. Ayckbourn wrote his first play at prep school when he was about 10. While attending prep school as a boarder his mother wrote to him to tell him she was getting married to Cecil Pye, who was a bank manager, and when he was at home for the holidays his new family consisted of his mother, his stepfather and Christopher, his stepfather's son by an earlier marriage. It seems Cecil and Irene were not a happy couple. Paul Allen has compared characters and themes in Ayckbourn's mature plays with his childhood experience of several unconventional relationships and an unhappy marriage. He attended Haileybury, and while studying there he toured Europe and America with the school Shakespeare company. On leaving school at 17 his theatrical career started immediately, with an introduction to Sir Donald Wolfit by his French master. Ayckbourn joined Wolfit on tour as an assistant stage manager and actor. By 1957, Ayckbourn was acting with the director Stephen Joseph at Scarborough. In 1959 he played Stanley in the second production of writer-director Harold Pinter's The Birthday Party. After Ronnie Barker played Lord Slingsby-Craddock in the London production of Ayckbourn's Mr Whatnot in 1964, Ayckbourn collaborated on the scripts of Barker's television series for LWT Hark at Barker (in which Barker played Lord Rustless). Ayckbourn used the pseudonym ""Peter Caulfield"" because he was under exclusive contract to the BBC at the time. The London production of another early play, Relatively Speaking in 1967 helped to launch Richard Briers' career, and also featured Michael Hordern and Celia Johnson. Ayckbourn has written and produced some seventy plays in Scarborough and London and is the artistic director of the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough. Almost all of his plays receive their first performance at this theatre. More than 40 have subsequently been produced in the West End, at the Royal National Theatre or by the Royal Shakespeare Company since his first hit Relatively Speaking opened at the Duke of York's Theatre in 1967. Major successes include Absurd Person Singular, The Norman Conquests trilogy, Bedroom Farce, Just Between Ourselves, A Chorus Of Disapproval, Woman In Mind, A Small Family Business, Man Of The Moment and House & Garden. His plays have won numerous awards, including seven London Evening Standard Awards. They have been translated into over 35 languages and are performed on stage and television throughout the world. Plays by Ayckbourn have also been filmed, in French and English. Ten of his plays have been staged on Broadway, attracting two Tony nominations. In 1991, he received a Dramalogue Critics Award for his play Henceforward…. Alan received the CBE in 1987 and was knighted in 1997. Although his plays have received major West End productions almost from the beginning of his writing career, and hence have been reviewed in British newspapers, Ayckbourn's work was for years routinely dismissed as being too slight for serious study. Recently, scholars have begun to view Ayckbourn as an important commentator on the lifestyles of the British suburban middle class, and as a stylistic innovator who experiments with theatrical styles within the boundaries set by popular tastes. As well as writing, Ayckbourn also acts as director, both of his own plays and of other writers. In 1987 he directed three works in each of the auditoria of the Royal National Theatre, using a stock company for all three plays which included established performers like Michael Gambon, Polly Adams and Simon Caddell. Arthur Miller's ""A View From the Bridge"" was performed in the Cottesloe, the farce ""Tons of Money"" by Will Evans and Valentine (with adaptations by Ayckbourn) was performed in the Lyttleton and his own ""A Small Family Business"" was performed in the Olivier. Ayckbourn later directed Gambon in a season at the Stephen Joseph theatre in Scarborough that included ""Othello"" and a revival of his own ""Taking Steps"". In February 2006 he suffered a stroke, and states on his website that ""I am making a good recovery from my recent stroke. I received an overwhelming number of get-well cards and good wishes. I was extremely touched by the love and concern shown by so many friends, acquaintances and occasionally complete strangers"", adding ""Rest assured I'll be back."" In September 2006 he returned to work and premiered his 70th play If I Were You at the Stephen Joseph Theatre on 17 October 2006. Some of Ayckbourn's early play are unavailable for production. ,  Alan Ayckbourn  2008-12-17T23:06:13Z  Sir Alan Ayckbourn CBE (born 12 April 1939) is a popular and prolific English playwright. Ayckbourn was born in Hampstead, London. His mother Irene Worley (""Lolly"") was a writer of short stories who published under the name ""Mary James"". His father, Irene's second husband Horace Ayckbourn, was an orchestral violinist, at one time deputy leader of the London Symphony Orchestra. His parents, who separated shortly after World War II, never married, and Ayckbourn's mother divorced her first husband to marry again in 1948. Ayckbourn wrote his first play at Wisborough Lodge preparatory school when he was about 10. While at prep school as a boarder his mother wrote to tell him she was marrying Cecil Pye, a bank manager, and when he was at home for the holidays his new family consisted of his mother, his stepfather and Christopher, his stepfather's son by an earlier marriage. It seems Cecil and Irene were not a happy couple. Paul Allen has compared characters and themes in Ayckbourn's mature plays with his childhood experience of several unconventional relationships and an unhappy marriage. Ayckbourn attended Haileybury, and while there toured Europe and America with the school Shakespeare company. In 1957, Ayckbourn married Christine Roland, together having two sons, Steven and Philip. However, the marriage had difficulties which eventually led to their separation in 1971. Alan Ayckbourn said that his relationship with Christine became easy once they agreed their marriage was over. Around this time, he started to share a home with Heather Stoney, an actress he had first met ten years earlier. Alan eventually married Heather Stoney in 1997. Since Alan Ayckbourn's plays started becoming established in the West End, interviewers have raised the question of whether his work is autobiographical. There is no clear answer to this question. There has only been one biography, written by Paul Allen, and this primarily covers his career in the theatre. Ayckbourn has frequently said he sees aspects of himself in all his characters. For example, in Bedroom Farce, he admitted to being, in some respects, all four of the men in the play. It has been suggested that, after Ayckbourn himself, the person who is used the most in his plays is his mother, particularly as Susan in Woman in Mind. What is less clear is how much influence events in Ayckbourn's life have had on his writing. It is true that the theme of marriages in various difficulties was heavily present throughout his plays in the early seventies, around the time his own marriage was coming to an end. However, by this time, he had also witnessed the failures of his parents' relationships as well as those of some of his friends. Which relationships, if any, he drew on for his plays, is unclear. In Paul Allen’s biography, Ayckbourn is briefly compared to Dafydd and Guy in A Chorus of Disapproval. Both characters feel themselves in trouble, and there was speculation that Alan Ayckbourn himself may have felt himself to be in trouble. At the time, he had reportedly become seriously involved with another actress, which threatened his relationship with Heather Stoney. But again, it is unclear whether this had any effect on the writing, and Paul Allen's view is that it is not current experience that Ayckbourn uses for his plays. It could be that Ayckbourn had written plays with himself and his own issues in mind, but as Ayckbourn is portrayed as a guarded and private man, it is hard to imagine him exposing his own life in his plays to any great degree. In the biography, Paul Allen wrote, regarding a suggestion in Cosmopolitan that his plays were becoming autobiographical: ""If we take that to mean that his plays tell his own life story, he still hasn't started."" On leaving school at 17 his theatrical career started immediately, with an introduction to Sir Donald Wolfit by his French master. Ayckbourn joined Wolfit on tour as an assistant stage manager and actor for three weeks. In 1957, Ayckbourn was employed by the director Stephen Joseph as an acting stage manager (a stage manager with acting roles) at the Library Theatre, Scarborough, the predecessor to the modern Stephen Joseph Theatre. This employment led to Ayckbourn's first professional script commission, in 1958. When he complained about the quality of a script he was performing, Joseph challenged him to write a better one. The result was The Square Cat, written under the pseudonym Roland Allen and first performed in 1959. In this play, Ayckbourn himself played the character ""Jerry Watiss"". Over the next few years, Ayckbourn appeared in many other plays, both his own and other people's, mainly in the Scarborough Library Theatre and the Victoria Theatre, Stoke-on-Trent (now the New Vic). He continued acting until 1964, by which time his writing and directing were coming to fruition. Ayckbourn has written and produced seventy-two full-length plays in Scarborough and London and is the artistic director of the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough. All but four of his plays have received their first performance at this theatre. More than 40 have subsequently been produced in the West End, at the Royal National Theatre or by the Royal Shakespeare Company since his first hit Relatively Speaking opened at the Duke of York's Theatre in 1967. Major successes include Absurd Person Singular, The Norman Conquests trilogy, Bedroom Farce, Just Between Ourselves, A Chorus of Disapproval, Woman in Mind, A Small Family Business, Man Of The Moment and House & Garden. His plays have won numerous awards, including seven London Evening Standard Awards. They have been translated into over 35 languages and are performed on stage and television throughout the world. Plays by Ayckbourn have also been filmed for cinema and television in English, French, Polish, German and Dutch among others. Ten of his plays have been staged on Broadway, attracting two Tony nominations. In 1991, he received a Dramalogue Critics Award for his play Henceforward.... Alan received the CBE in 1987 and was knighted in 1997. After Ronnie Barker played Lord Slingsby-Craddock in the London production of Ayckbourn's Mr Whatnot in 1964, Ayckbourn collaborated on the scripts of Barker's television series for LWT Hark at Barker (in which Barker played Lord Rustless). Ayckbourn used the pseudonym ""Peter Caulfield"" because he was under exclusive contract to the BBC at the time. The London production of another early play, Relatively Speaking in 1967 helped to launch Richard Briers' career, and also featured Michael Hordern and Celia Johnson. Although his plays have received major West End productions almost from the beginning of his writing career, and hence have been reviewed in British newspapers, Ayckbourn's work was for years routinely dismissed as being too slight for serious study. Recently, scholars have begun to view Ayckbourn as an important commentator on the lifestyles of the British suburban middle class, and as a stylistic innovator who experiments with theatrical styles within the boundaries set by popular tastes. With a résumé of over seventy plays, of which more than forty have played at the National Theatre or in the West End, Alan Ayckbourn remains one of England’s most successful living playwrights. Despite his success, honours and awards (which include a prestigious Laurence Olivier Award), Alan Ayckbourn remains a relatively anonymous figure dedicated to regional theatre. In February 2006, he suffered a stroke, and states on his website that ""I am making a good recovery from my recent stroke. I received an overwhelming number of get-well cards and good wishes. I was extremely touched by the love and concern shown by so many friends, acquaintances and occasionally complete strangers"", adding ""Rest assured I'll be back."" In September 2006 he returned to work and premièred his 70th play If I Were You at the Stephen Joseph Theatre on 17 October 2006. Alan Ayckbourn began directing at the Scarborough Library Theatre in 1961, with a production of Gas Light by Patrick Hamilton. At first, this career was separate from his writing career. It was not until 1963 that Ayckbourn directed a play of his own (Standing Room Only), and 1977 that he was able to direct a play of his own in the West End (Bedroom Farce). Since then Ayckbourn continued to work as a director, both of his own plays and those of other writers. In 1987 he directed four works in each of the auditoria of the Royal National Theatre, using a stock company for all four plays which included established performers like Michael Gambon, Polly Adams and Simon Cadell. Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge was performed in the Cottesloe, the farce Tons of Money by Will Evans and Valentine (with adaptations by Ayckbourn) was performed in the Lyttelton, 'Tis Pity She's A Whore was performed in the Olivier and his own A Small Family Business was also performed in the Olivier. Ayckbourn later directed Gambon in a season at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough that included Othello and a revival of his own Taking Steps. He announced in 1999 he would step back from directing other playwrights' work to concentrate on his own plays; the exception being in 2002 when he directed the world première of Tim Firth's The Safari Party - this is the only non-Ayckbourn play he has directed since Rob Shearman's Knights in Plastic Armour in 1999. He announced on 1 June 2007 that he would retire as artistic director of the Stephen Joseph Theatre in 2008. (The actual handover date to the new Artistic Director, Chris Monks, is 31 March 2009), but would continue to direct premières and revivals of his work at the theatre. To date, Alan Ayckbourn has written 72 full-length plays. A Chorus of Disapproval The Revengers' Comedies There are seven one-act plays written by Alan Ayckbourn. Five of them (Mother Figure, Drinking Companion, Between Mouthfuls, Gosforth’s Fete and A Talk in the Park) were written for Confusions, first performed in 1974. The other two one-act plays were: Plays adapted as films include: Allen, Paul (2001). Alan Ayckbourn: Grinning at the Edge. Methuen. p. 9. ISBN 0-413-73120-0.",1
Taiwan independence movement,"Taiwan independence movement  2018-01-08T17:56:23Z  Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement to make Taiwan an independent state. Goals for independence have arisen from international law in relation to the 1952 Treaty of San Francisco. Supporters contend that when Japan renounced all rights to the island of Taiwan and Penghu in 1945, it did not specify the successor state. Consequently, the sovereignty of the two territories should be determined by Taiwanese people through self-determination and referendums in Taiwan. This movement is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition which seeks to retain the somewhat ambiguous status quo of the Republic of China (ROC) under the 1992 consensus, or gradually reunify with mainland China at some point. Due to the People's Republic of China's (PRC) claim of sovereignty over Taiwan and repeated military threats made by the PRC, a formal declaration of independence could lead to a military confrontation between Taiwan and China, possibly escalating and involving other countries, such as the United States and Japan. The use of independence for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Republic of Taiwan, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China from Resolution on Taiwan's Future and ROC-Taiwan is already independent (as reflected in the evolving concept from Four Noes and One Without to One Country on Each Side), these ideas run counter to the claims of the People's Republic of China. Some supporters advocate the exclusion of Kinmen and Matsu, which are still being controlled by Republic of China but are in fact part of the definition of mainland China. Therefore, the differences between the opinions of different camps in support of and against independence can be very subtle. From 1683 to 1894, Taiwan was ruled by the Qing Empire of China. Following the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan was ceded by Qing government to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the end of World War II in 1945, Taiwan was taken over by the ROC, which was widely recognized as China. Since the defeat and expulsion of the ruling Kuomintang ROC government by the Communist Party of China from mainland China in 1949, the ROC government has controlled only Taiwan and its surrounding islands. It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved de facto independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005. Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement. According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Qing rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, ""Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion"". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid. The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing ""General Order No. 1"" to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would ""temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."" Modern-day political movement for Taiwan independence dates back to the Japanese colonial period but only became a viable political force within Taiwan in the 1990s. Taiwanese independence was advocated periodically during the Japanese colonial period, but was suppressed by the Japanese government. These efforts were the goal of the Taiwanese Communist Party of the late 1920s. Unlike current formulations, and in line with the thinking of the Comintern, such a state would have been a proletarian one. With the end of World War II in 1945, Japanese rule ended, but the subsequent autocratic rule of the ROC's Kuomintang (KMT) later revived calls for local rule. However, it was a movement supported by the Chinese students who were born on the Island and not associated with KMT. It found its roots in the US and Japan. In the 1950s a Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government was set up in Japan. Thomas Wen-I Liao was nominally the President. At one time it held quasi-official relations with the newly independent Indonesia. This was possible mainly through the connections between Sukarno and the Provisional Government's Southeast Asian liaison, Chen Chih-hsiung, who had assisted in Indonesia's local resistance movements against the Japanese rule. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. mainland Chinese-born people who fled to Taiwan with KMT in the late 1940s). The February 28 Incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law which lasted until 1987 contributed to a so-called sense of White Terror on the island. In 1979, the Kaohsiung Incident, occurred as the movement for democracy and independence intensified. Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the ROC government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and it used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to vacate the seats held by delegates elected on the mainland in 1947 for the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Republic of Taiwan. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school-taught Mandarin Chinese. Several scholars drafted various versions of a constitution, as both political statement or vision and as intellectual exercise. Most of these drafts favor a bicameral parliamentary rather than presidential system. In at least one such draft, seats in the upper house would be divided equally among Taiwan's established ethnicities. In the 1980s the Chinese Nationalist government considered publication of these ideas criminal. In the most dramatic case, it decided to arrest the pro-independence publisher Cheng Nan-jung for publishing a version in his Tang-wai magazine, Liberty Era Weekly (自由時代週刊). Rather than giving himself up, Cheng self-immolated in protest. Other campaigns and tactics toward such a State have included soliciting designs from the public for a new national flag (see images to the right) and anthem (for example, Taiwan the Formosa). More recently the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign (台灣正名運動) has played an active role. More traditional independence supporters, however, have criticized name rectification as merely a superficial tactic devoid of the larger vision inherent in the Republic of Taiwan agenda. Various overseas Taiwan Independence movements, such as the Formosan Association, World United Formosans for Independence, United Young Formosans for Independence (Japan), Union for Formosa's Independence in Europe, United Formosans in America for Independence, Committee for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto, Ont.), published ""The Independent Formosa"" in several volumes with the publisher ""Formosan Association."" In ""The Independent Formosa, Volumes 2-3"", they tried to justify Taiwanese collaboration with Japan during World War II by saying that the ""atmosphere covered the whole Japanese territories, including Korea and Formosa, and the Japanese mainlands as well"", when Taiwanese publications supported Japan's ""holy war"", and that the people who did it were not at fault. The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence. In 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo became director of the secret police, which he remained until 1965. Chiang also considered some people who were friends to Americans to be his enemies. An enemy of the Chiang family, Wu Kuo-chen, was kicked out of his position of governor of Taiwan by Chiang Ching-kuo and fled to America in 1953. Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and Kuomintang party activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute. Chiang orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American CIA against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The CIA allegedly wanted to help Sun take control of Taiwan and declare its independence. During the martial law era lasting until 1987, discussion of Taiwan independence was forbidden in Taiwan, at a time when recovery of the mainland and national unification were the stated goals of the ROC. During that time, many advocates of independence and other dissidents fled overseas, and carried out their advocacy work there, notably in Japan and the United States. Part of their work involved setting up think tanks, political organizations, and lobbying networks in order to influence the politics of their host countries, notably the United States, the ROC's main ally at the time, though they would not be very successful until much later. Within Taiwan, the independence movement was one of many dissident causes among the intensifying democracy movement of the 1970s, which culminated in the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was eventually formed to represent dissident causes. After the lifting of martial law in 1987, and the acceptance of multi-party politics, the Democratic Progressive Party became increasingly identified with Taiwan independence, which entered its party platform in 1991. At the same time, many overseas independence advocates and organizations returned to Taiwan and for the first time openly promoted their cause in Taiwan, gradually building up political support. Many had previously fled to the US or Europe and had been on a blacklist held by KMT, which had held them back from going back to Taiwan. Where they had fled, they built many organisations like European Federation of Taiwanese Associations or Formosan Association for Public Affairs. By the late 1990s, DPP and Taiwan independence have gained a solid electoral constituency in Taiwan, supported by an increasingly vocal and hardcore base. As the electoral success of the DPP, and later, the DPP-led Pan-Green Coalition grew in recent years, the Taiwan independence movement shifted focus to identity politics by proposing many plans involving symbolism and social engineering. The interpretation of historical events such as the February 28 Incident, the use of broadcast language and mother tongue education in schools, the official name and flag of the ROC, slogans in the army, orientation of maps all have been issues of concern to the present-day Taiwan independence movement. The movement, at its peak in the 70s through the 90s in the form of the Taiwan literature movement and other cultural upheavals, has moderated in recent years with the assimilation of these changes. Friction between ""mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan has decreased due to shared interests: increasing economic ties with mainland China, continuing threats by the PRC to invade, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Since the late 1990s many supporters of Taiwan independence have argued that Taiwan, as the ROC, is already independent from the mainland, making a formal declaration unnecessary. In May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party formalized this position in its ""Resolution on Taiwan's Future"". In 1995, Taiwanese president Lee Teng-hui was given permission to speak at Cornell University about his dream of Taiwanese independence, the first time a Taiwanese leader had been allowed to visit the United States. This led to a military response from China that included buying Russian submarines and conducting missile tests near Taiwan. In February 2007, President Chen Shui-bian initiated changes to names state-owned enterprises, and the nation's embassies and overseas representative offices. As a result, Chunghwa Post Co. (中華郵政) was renamed Taiwan Post Co (臺灣郵政) and Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) is now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan (臺灣中油) and the signs in Taiwan's embassies now display the word ""Taiwan"" in brackets after ""Republic of China"". In 2007, the Taiwan Post Co. issued stamps bearing the name ""Taiwan"" in remembrance of the February 28 Incident. However, the name of the post office was reverted to 'Chunghwa Post Co.' following the inauguration of Kuomintang president Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The Pan-Blue camp voiced its opposition to the changes and the former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou said that it would generate diplomatic troubles and cause cross-strait tensions. It also argued that without a change in the relevant legislation pertaining to state-owned enterprises, the name changes of these enterprises could not be valid. As the Pan-Blue camp held a slim parliamentary majority throughout the administration of President Chen, the Government's motion to change the law to this effect were blocked by the opposition. Later, U.S. Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack said that the U.S. does not support administrative steps that would appear to change Taiwan's status or move toward independence. Former president Lee Teng-hui has stated that he never pursued Taiwanese independence. Lee views Taiwan as already an independent state, and that the call for ""Taiwanese independence"" could even confuse the international community by implying that Taiwan once viewed itself as part of China. From this perspective, Taiwan is independent even if it remains unable to enter the UN. Lee said the most important goals are to improve the people's livelihoods, build national consciousness, make a formal name change and draft a new constitution that reflects the present reality so that Taiwan can officially identify itself as a country. Legislative elections were held on 12 January 2008, resulting in a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature for the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition. President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party was handed a heavy defeat, winning only the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. Two months later, the election for the 12th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held on Saturday, 22 March 2008. Kuomintang (KMT) nominee Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party rule. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. Following his election, Ma Ying-jeou publicly stated that he did not wish his inauguration commemoration stamps to be marked ""Taiwan Post"", because the name change was ""illegal"". In respect of the administration's wishes, the postal service marked the inauguration stamps with Chinese characters for the ""Republic of China"", as well as ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" in English. On 1 August 2008, the Board of Directors of Taiwan Post Co. resolved to reverse the name change and restored the name ""Chunghwa Post"". The Board of Directors, as well as resolving to restore the name of the corporation, also resolved to re-hire the chief executive dismissed in 2007, and to withdraw defamation proceedings against him. The Executive Yuan on 21 August 2008, under the new Ma Administration, officially restored the name ""National Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall"" to the hall commemorating late President Chiang Kai-Shek, which had been renamed ""National Taiwan Democracy Memorial Hall by the Chen Administration, sparking off a standoff between the Central Government of President Chen and the Taipei Municipal Government run by then-Mayor Ma Ying-jeou. On September 2, 2008, President Ma defined the relations between Taiwan and mainland China as ""special"", but ""not that between two states"" - they are relations based on two areas of one state, with Taiwan considering that state to be the Republic of China, and mainland China considering that state to be the People's Republic of China. The Democratic Progressive Party, led by Tsai Ing-wen, won a landslide victory over the Kuomintang on 20 May 2016. Her administration has stated she seeks to maintain the current political status of Taiwan. The PRC government continues to criticize the Taiwanese government, as the DPP administration has refused to officially recognize the 1992 Consensus and the One-China policy. Domestically, the issue of independence has dominated Taiwanese politics for the past few decades. This is also a grave issue for mainland China. The creation of the Republic of Taiwan is formally the goal of the Taiwan Solidarity Union and former President Lee Teng-hui. Although the Democratic Progressive Party was originally also an advocate for both the idea of the Republic of Taiwan and Taiwan independence, they take a middle line in which a sovereign, independent Taiwan is identified with the ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" and its symbols. Internationally, this movement is significant in that a formal declaration of independence is one of the five conditions the PRC has stated or implied under which it will take military action against Taiwan to force reunification — the other four being that Taiwan makes a military alliance with a foreign power, there is internal turmoil in Taiwan, Taiwan gains weapons of mass destruction, or Taiwan shows no will to negotiate on the basis of ""one China"". Chinese government warned that if the situation in Taiwan becomes ""worse"" it will not look on ""indifferently. "" Given the terms of the Taiwan Relations Act, this raises the possibility of a superpower conflict in East Asia. The United States would likely be obligated to come to the aid of Taiwan under the terms of the act according to US domestic law. However, this interpretation of the act is disputed. Constitutional law requires that a normal declaration of war be sought by the President of the United States in an act of Congress signed by the President. The questions of independence and the island's relationship to mainland China are complex and inspire very strong emotions among Taiwanese people. There are some who continue to maintain the KMT position that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (including Taiwan) and that the aim of the government should be eventual reunification of the mainland and Taiwan under the rule of the ROC. Some argue that Taiwan has been, and should continue to be, completely independent from China and should become a sovereign nation under the name Republic of Taiwan. Then, there are numerous positions running the entire spectrum between these two extremes. On 25 October 2004, in Beijing, the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said Taiwan is ""not sovereign"", provoking strong comments from both the Pan-Green and Pan-Blue coalitions – but for very different reasons. From the DPP's side, President Chen declared that ""Taiwan is definitely a sovereign, independent country, a great country that absolutely does not belong to the People's Republic of China"". The TSU (Taiwan Solidarity Union) criticized Powell, and questioned why the US sold weapons to Taiwan if it was not a sovereign state. From the KMT, Chairman Ma Ying-jeou announced that ""the Republic of China has been a sovereign state ever since it was formed "". The pro-unification PFP Party Chairman, James Soong, called it ""Taiwan's biggest failure in diplomacy"". The first view considers the move for Taiwan independence as a nationalist movement. This is the opinion, historically, put forward by such pro-independence groups on Taiwan as the tang wai movement (which later grew into the Democratic Progressive Party), which argue that the ROC under the Kuomintang has been in the past a ""foreign regime"" forcibly imposed on Taiwan. Since the 1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence no longer actively make this argument. Instead, the argument has been that in order to survive against the growing power of the PRC, Taiwan must view itself as a separate and distinct entity from ""China"". This involves removing the name of China from official and unofficial items in Taiwan, making changes in history books to focus mainly on Taiwan as a central entity, promoting the use of Taiwanese language including in government and education, reducing economic links with mainland China, and in general thinking of Taiwan as a separate entity. In this view, China is a foreign entity, and the goal of this movement is to create an internationally recognized country which is separate from any concept of China. Kinmen and Matsu off the coast of Fujian and some of the islands in the South China Sea, which are historically not part of Taiwan, are to be excluded from the proposed state of Taiwan. Some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that the Treaty of San Francisco justifies Taiwan independence by not explicitly granting Taiwan to either the ROC or the PRC. This legal justification is rejected by both the PRC and ROC governments. It is also thought that if formal independence were declared, Taiwan's foreign policies would lean further towards Japan and the United States and the desirable option of United Nations Trusteeship Council is also considered. Support for independence of Taiwan is also, along with independence of Tibet, supported by many Japanese and Filipinos, both are maritime neighbors of Taiwan. A second view is that Taiwan is already an independent nation with the official name ""Republic Of China"", which has been independent (i.e. de facto separate from mainland China) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, when the ROC lost control of mainland China, with only Taiwan (including the Penghu islands), Kinmen, the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian Province, and some of the islands in the South China Sea remaining under its administration. Although previously no major political faction adopted this pro-status quo viewpoint, because it is a ""compromise"" in face of PRC threats and American warnings against a unilateral declaration of independence, the DPP combined it with their traditional belief to form their latest official policy. This viewpoint has not been adopted by more radical groups such as the Taiwan Solidarity Union, which favor only the third view described above and are in favor of a Republic or State of Taiwan. In addition, many members of the Pan-Blue Coalition are rather suspicious of this view, fearing that adopting this definition of Taiwan independence is merely an insincere stealth tactical effort to advance desinicization and the third view of Taiwan independence. As a result, supporters of pan-blue tend to make a clear distinction between Taiwan independence and Taiwan sovereignty, while supporters of Pan-Green tend to try to blur the distinction between the two. Most Taiwanese and political parties of the ROC support the status quo, and recognize that this is de facto independence through sovereign self-rule. Even among those who believe Taiwan is and should remain independent, the threat of war from PRC softens their approach, and they tend to support maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing an ideological path that could result in war with the PRC. When the two-states policy was put forward by President Lee Teng-hui, he received 80 percent support. A similar situation arose when President Chen Shui-bian declared that there was ""one country on each side"" of the Taiwan Strait. The parties disagree, sometimes bitterly, on such things as territory, name (R.O.C. or Taiwan), future policies, and interpretations of history. The Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC believe that Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian are intent on publicly promoting a moderate form of Taiwan independence in order to advance secretly deeper forms of Taiwan independence, and that they intend to use popular support on Taiwan for political separation to advance notions of cultural and economic separation. The third view, put forward by the government of the PRC and Nationalists of the KMT, defines Taiwan independence as ""splitting Taiwan from China, causing division of the nation and the people. "" What PRC claims by this statement is somewhat ambiguous according to supporters of Taiwanese independence, as some statements by the PRC seem to identify China solely and uncompromisingly with the PRC, and others indicate a broader and more flexible definition suggesting a cultural and geographic entity of which both mainland China and Taiwan are parts but divided politically due to the Chinese Civil War. The PRC considers itself the sole legitimate government of all China, and the ROC to be a defunct entity replaced in the Communist revolution which succeeded in 1949. Therefore, assertions that the ROC is a sovereign state are construed as support for Taiwan independence while proposals to change the name of the ROC to Republic of Taiwan are paradoxically met with even more disapproval since this would be the equivalent of formally dropping the notion that Taiwan is part of the greater China entity (as a side of an unresolved Chinese civil war). Before the passing of UN Resolution 2758 in 1971, the Republic of China was recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. Afterwards, the PRC became recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. During PRC President Hu Jintao's visit to the United States on 20 April 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush reaffirmed to the world that the U.S. would uphold its ""one China"" policy. The official position of the PRC is that Taiwan is a province of China, and has ""always"" been part of China. The PRC states that independence is wanted by only a small group, and that this group is trying to brainwash the local population to support this objective. In the 2000 White Paper, the PRC government stated that the people of Taiwan do not have the right to determine their own fate by declaring independence through a referendum or otherwise because ""The sovereignty over Taiwan belongs to all the Chinese people including Taiwan compatriots, and not to some of the people in Taiwan. "" The paper further stated that unification with mainland China is the only option. Efforts to change names of official buildings, government organizations, tributary monuments by replacing ""China"" with ""Taiwan"" have met with opposition – whether this is due to a political view that Taiwan is part of China or out of concern that such actions may result in retaliation or invasion from Beijing is unclear. Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China,  Taiwan independence movement  2019-12-19T00:26:29Z  Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Taiwan independence movement is a political and social movement that aims to establish an independent sovereign state on the archipelagic territory of ""Taiwan"", based on a unique ""Taiwanese national identity"". Currently, Taiwan's political status is highly ambiguous and heavily disputed. All of the island territories (aside from the Japan-controlled Senkaku/Diaoyutai islands) that are generally considered to collectively constitute a single ""Taiwan region"" are under the control of the Republic of China (ROC), a polity that conducts official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by fifteen United Nations-recognized countries. Taiwanese independence is opposed by pro-Chinese unification political parties in Taiwan as well as by the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), a state that administers the territory of mainland China, which is officially claimed as part of the territory of the ROC (in addition to the territory of Taiwan, which is actually administered by the ROC). These groups oppose Taiwanese independence since they believe that Taiwan and mainland China comprise two portions of a single country's territory, that country being ""China"" (whether the ""ROC"" or the ""PRC""). The PRC's government has formulated a so-called ""One-China principle"", whereby foreign countries may only conduct official diplomatic relations with the PRC on the condition that they surrender all official diplomatic relations with and formal recognition of the ROC. Due to the PRC's economic clout, it has successfully pressured many countries into withdrawing official recognition of the ROC. All countries that officially recognize the PRC effectively acknowledge and/or recognize the ""One-China policy"". The United Nations, a prominent intergovernmental organization, seemingly acknowledges the One-China policy. The United Nations formally designates the territory of Taiwan as ""Taiwan, Province of China"", as of 2019. At the conclusion of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan was ceded by the Chinese Qing Empire to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the conclusion of World War II and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, Taiwan was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) on behalf of the WWII Allies. The ROC, then the generally recognized government of both China and Taiwan, declared Taiwan to have been ""restored"" to China; this is argued to have been an illegal act. In 1949–1950, the Communist Party of China (CPC) drove the ROC government out of China and into Taiwan (plus some minor Chinese islands), during the events of the Chinese Civil War. At the time, no treaty had yet been signed to officially transfer Taiwan to China. The ROC selected Taipei as the provisional capital (of China) and declared ""martial law"" in 1949. The supposedly democratic institutions of the ROC were ""temporarily"" suspended. With democracy suspended in ROC-controlled Taiwan, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) of the ROC, in reality, developed Taiwan into a dictatorship. The period of martial law that existed in Taiwan from 1949 until 1987 resulted in the unlawful convictions and occasional executions of thousands of Taiwanese and Chinese democracy activists and other dissidents. This period has become colloquially known as the ""White Terror"". In 1987, the Kuomintang released its hold on power and ended martial law in Taiwan. This was due not only to pressure from democracy/independence activists within Taiwan but also pressure from the United States due to its citizen Henry Liu having been assassinated by criminal triad members hired by the Republic of China military intelligence. From hereafter, independence-oriented parties were now able to gain control of Taiwan. Democratic activism within Taiwan gave birth to a range of independence-oriented political parties. Most notable out of these is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which has been democratically elected into power three times. The governing body of Taiwan still continues to identify as the ""Republic of China"", but many institutions have been occupied and occasionally changed by the DPP, which has led to a theory that ""the ROC is Taiwan"". It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved de facto independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005. The PRC and the Kuomintang continue to argue that ""the Chinese Civil War hasn't yet ended"". These two political camps have developed a ""1992 Consensus"" in order to cement Taiwan's status as a province of ""China"". In retaliation, the DPP has been trying to develop a ""Taiwan Consensus"". The polity that exercises real control over Taiwan is a collection of political parties that variously refer to their country as either ""Taiwan (Republic of China)"" or ""China (Republic of China)"". There is no real consensus within the country over the fundamental status of the country itself, with the country being divided between two main factions known as the ""Pan-Blue Coalition"" and the ""Pan-Green Coalition"". The Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT), believes that their country (including Taiwan) is China and does not acknowledge the legitimacy of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which they view to be an occupation of the rest of China by rebel forces; they refer to Taiwan, the place where they actually live, as ""Taiwan, free area of the Republic of China"". On the other hand, the Pan-Green Coalition, currently led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), believes that their country is limited to the geographical definition of Taiwan (including Taiwan's satellite islands and the Penghu Islands), as well as perhaps some minor outlying islands, and does not actively claim sovereignty over China. Furthermore, the territorial dispute over Taiwan is connected to various other territorial disputes in East Asia, especially the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands dispute and the various South China Sea Islands disputes. For the former, this is because both the PRC and the Pan-Blue Coalition believe that the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands are part of the geographical definition of Taiwan, although they are currently under the control of Japan and have been under Japanese rule since the late 19th century; hence, the Chinese claim to the Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands is simply an extension of the Chinese claim to Taiwan. Meanwhile, regarding the latter, Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few islands of the South China Sea, and the Pan-Blue Coalition further claims sovereignty over all of the other islands of the South China Sea. Finally, another crucial detail of the territorial dispute over Taiwan is the fact that Taiwan/ROC maintains control over a few other non-Taiwanese islands assigned to China; the islands of Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu, which are under Taiwan/ROC control, are geographically defined as being parts of Fujian Province, China (within Taiwan/ROC, they are governed as parts of the Pan-Blue Coalition's own definition of Fujian Province, China). Taiwan independence is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the Kuomintang (KMT). The former coalition aims to eventually achieve full sovereign independence for Taiwan. Whereas, the latter coalition aims to improve relations with the Beijing regime (PRC)—which it refers to as ""mainland China""—and eventually ""reunify"" at some point. Both parties have long been forced to precariously dance around the so-called ""status quo"" of Taiwan's political status. The DPP is unable to immediately declare independence due to pressure from the PRC and the KMT, whereas the KMT and PRC are unable to immediately achieve Chinese unification due to pressure from the DPP and its unofficial allies (including political factions within the United States (US), Japan, and the European Union (EU)). The 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki and 1951 Treaty of San Francisco are oft-cited as the main bases for Taiwan independence in international law, if such things as ""self-determination"" and the Montevideo Convention (on the Rights and Duties of States) are to be disregarded. These two treaties are not recognized by the Beijing regime and the Pan-Blue Coalition of Taiwan. Whereas the PRC usually dismisses self-determination and the Montevideo Convention as conspiracies against Chinese sovereignty, the two aforementioned treaties have strong legal bases in international law and have been recognized by numerous countries across the globe. Notably, the Treaty of San Francisco forms the primary basis of modern Japan's independence (from the WWII Allies), and largely dictates Japan's modern geopolitics. The premise of citing these two treaties is that: a) Japan gained sovereignty over Taiwan in 1895, b) Japan lost sovereignty over Taiwan in 1951-1952, and c) Japan never indicated the ""successor state"" on Taiwan thereafter. Therefore, according to certain activists, this means that Taiwan is only controlled by the Republic of China on behalf of the WWII Allies, and does not constitute a part of the ROC's sovereign territory. The Beijing regime disregards these two treaties, claiming that: a) the Treaty of Shimonoseki has been nullified and b) the Treaty of San Francisco was illegal. Furthermore, the Potsdam Declaration and Cairo Communique are oft-cited as indisputable bases for Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan. The PRC is also adamant on emphasizing the fact that the United Nations (UN) refers to Taiwan as ""Taiwan, Province of China"". However, this point is dubious given that it has a huge amount of influence over the UN as one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. The Beijing regime also claims that the majority of countries recognize Taiwan as a province of China, though this is only a half-truth. People's Republic of China authorities also accuse the US, Japan, and the EU of interfering in ""Chinese internal affairs"", claiming that the United States is responsible for separating Taiwan from China, and is responsible for manufacturing ""artificial"" pro-independence sentiments within Taiwan. Most governments, including the U.S. government, claim to adhere to a so-called ""One-China Policy"", which is based on the Chinese ""One China Principle"". Most ""developed"" and ""Western"" countries consider Taiwan to be a self-governing state in reality, but claim that they consider this political reality to be illegal/illegitimate. However, since recognizing the existence of a ""de facto independent Taiwan/ROC"" provides some form of grounds for officially recognising Taiwan independence, China (PRC) usually rejects the main premise of the Montevideo Convention, which is that ""there are certain realities that determine statehood"" (irrespective of international recognition). Within the Pan-Green Coalition of Taiwan, there are two main factions. The faction that is currently in power aims to attain official international recognition for the reality of ""two Chinas"", where the PRC and the ROC can coexist; later, the ROC can gradually ""transform"" itself into a Taiwanese state whilst avoiding a major conflict with the PRC. Whereas, the other faction aims to directly achieve Taiwan independence through a more abrupt and complete overthrowal of ROC institutions within Taiwan, which the faction views to be illegitimate. The use of ""independence"" for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Taiwanese state, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China from Resolution on Taiwan's Future and that ROC-Taiwan is already independent (as reflected in the evolving concept from Four Noes and One Without to One Country on Each Side); both of these ideas run counter to the claims of China (PRC). Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement. According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Qing rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, ""Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion"". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid. The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing ""General Order No. 1"" to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would ""temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."" Modern-day political movement for Taiwan independence dates back to the Japanese colonial period but only became a viable political force within Taiwan in the 1990s. Taiwanese independence was advocated periodically during the Japanese colonial period, but was suppressed by the Japanese government. These efforts were the goal of the Taiwanese Communist Party of the late 1920s. Unlike current formulations, and in line with the thinking of the Comintern, such a state would have been a proletarian one. With the end of World War II in 1945, Japanese rule ended, but the subsequent autocratic rule of the ROC's Kuomintang (KMT) later revived calls for local rule. However, it was a movement supported by the Chinese students who were born on the Island and not associated with KMT. It found its roots in the US and Japan. In the 1950s a Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government was set up in Japan. Thomas Liao was nominally the President. At one time it held quasi-official relations with the newly independent Indonesia. This was possible mainly through the connections between Sukarno and the Provisional Government's Southeast Asian liaison, Chen Chih-hsiung, who had assisted in Indonesia's local resistance movements against the Japanese rule. After the Kuomintang began to rule the island, the focus of the movement was as a vehicle for discontent from the native Taiwanese against the rule of ""mainlanders"" (i.e. mainland Chinese-born people who fled to Taiwan with KMT in the late 1940s). The February 28 Incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law that lasted until 1987 contributed to the period of White Terror on the island. In 1979, the Kaohsiung Incident, occurred as the movement for democracy and independence intensified. Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the ROC government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and it used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to vacate the seats held by delegates elected on the mainland in 1947 for the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this and presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Taiwanese state. This vision was represented through a number of symbols such as the use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school-taught Mandarin Chinese. Several scholars drafted various versions of a constitution, as both political statement or vision and as intellectual exercise. Most of these drafts favor a bicameral parliamentary rather than presidential system. In at least one such draft, seats in the upper house would be divided equally among Taiwan's established ethnicities. In the 1980s the Chinese Nationalist government considered publication of these ideas criminal. In the most dramatic case, it decided to arrest the pro-independence publisher Cheng Nan-jung for publishing a version in his Tang-wai magazine, Liberty Era Weekly (自由時代週刊). Rather than giving himself up, Cheng self-immolated in protest. Other campaigns and tactics toward such a State have included soliciting designs from the public for a new national flag (see images to the right) and anthem (for example, Taiwan the Formosa). More recently the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign (台灣正名運動) has played an active role. More traditional independence supporters, however, have criticized name rectification as merely a superficial tactic devoid of the larger vision inherent in the independence agenda. Various overseas Taiwan Independence movements, such as the Formosan Association, World United Formosans for Independence, United Young Formosans for Independence (Japan), Union for Formosa's Independence in Europe, United Formosans in America for Independence, Committee for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto, Ont.), published ""The Independent Formosa"" in several volumes with the publisher ""Formosan Association."" In ""The Independent Formosa, Volumes 2-3"", they tried to justify Taiwanese collaboration with Japan during World War II by saying that the ""atmosphere covered the whole Japanese territories, including Korea and Formosa, and the Japanese mainlands as well"", when Taiwanese publications supported Japan's ""holy war"", and that the people who did it were not at fault. The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence. In 1950, Chiang Ching-kuo became director of the secret police, which he remained until 1965. Chiang also considered some people who were friends to Americans to be his enemies. An enemy of the Chiang family, Wu Kuo-chen, was kicked out of his position of governor of Taiwan by Chiang Ching-kuo and fled to America in 1953. Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and Kuomintang party activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute. Chiang orchestrated the controversial court-martial and arrest of General Sun Li-jen in August 1955, for plotting a coup d'état with the American CIA against his father Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The CIA allegedly wanted to help Sun take control of Taiwan and declare its independence. During the martial law era lasting until 1987, discussion of Taiwan independence was forbidden in Taiwan, at a time when recovery of the mainland and national unification were the stated goals of the ROC. During that time, many advocates of independence and other dissidents fled overseas, and carried out their advocacy work there, notably in Japan and the United States. Part of their work involved setting up think tanks, political organizations, and lobbying networks in order to influence the politics of their host countries, notably the United States, the ROC's main ally at the time, though they would not be very successful until much later. Within Taiwan, the independence movement was one of many dissident causes among the intensifying democracy movement of the 1970s, which culminated in the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was eventually formed to represent dissident causes. After the lifting of martial law in 1987, and the acceptance of multi-party politics, the Democratic Progressive Party became increasingly identified with Taiwan independence, which entered its party platform in 1991. At the same time, many overseas independence advocates and organizations returned to Taiwan and for the first time openly promoted their cause in Taiwan, gradually building up political support. Many had previously fled to the US or Europe and had been on a blacklist held by KMT, which had held them back from going back to Taiwan. Where they had fled, they built many organisations like European Federation of Taiwanese Associations or Formosan Association for Public Affairs. By the late 1990s, DPP and Taiwan independence have gained a solid electoral constituency in Taiwan, supported by an increasingly vocal and hardcore base. As the electoral success of the DPP, and later, the DPP-led Pan-Green Coalition grew in recent years, the Taiwan independence movement shifted focus to identity politics by proposing many plans involving symbolism and social engineering. The interpretation of historical events such as the February 28 Incident, the use of broadcast language and mother tongue education in schools, the official name and flag of the ROC, slogans in the army, orientation of maps all have been issues of concern to the present-day Taiwan independence movement. The movement, at its peak in the 70s through the 90s in the form of the Taiwan literature movement and other cultural upheavals, has moderated in recent years with the assimilation of these changes. Friction between ""mainlander"" and ""native"" communities on Taiwan has decreased due to shared interests: increasing economic ties with mainland China, continuing threats by the PRC to invade, and doubts as to whether or not the United States would support a unilateral declaration of independence. Since the late 1990s many supporters of Taiwan independence have argued that Taiwan, as the ROC, is already independent from the mainland, making a formal declaration unnecessary. In May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party formalized this position in its ""Resolution on Taiwan's Future"". In 1995, Taiwanese president Lee Teng-hui was given permission to speak at Cornell University about his dream of Taiwanese independence, the first time a Taiwanese leader had been allowed to visit the United States. This led to a military response from China that included buying Russian submarines and conducting missile tests near Taiwan. In February 2007, President Chen Shui-bian initiated changes to names of state-owned enterprises, and the nation's embassies and overseas representative offices. As a result, Chunghwa Post Co. (中華郵政) was renamed Taiwan Post Co (臺灣郵政) and Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) is now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan (臺灣中油) and the signs in Taiwan's embassies now display the word ""Taiwan"" in brackets after ""Republic of China"". In 2007, the Taiwan Post Co. issued stamps bearing the name ""Taiwan"" in remembrance of the February 28 Incident. However, the name of the post office was reverted to 'Chunghwa Post Co.' following the inauguration of Kuomintang president Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The Pan-Blue camp voiced its opposition to the changes and the former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou said that it would generate diplomatic troubles and cause cross-strait tensions. It also argued that without a change in the relevant legislation pertaining to state-owned enterprises, the name changes of these enterprises could not be valid. As the Pan-Blue camp held only a slim parliamentary majority throughout the administration of President Chen, the Government's motion to change the law to this effect were blocked by the opposition. Later, U.S. Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack said that the U.S. does not support administrative steps that would appear to change Taiwan's status or move toward independence. Former president Lee Teng-hui has stated that he never pursued Taiwanese independence. Lee views Taiwan as already an independent state, and that the call for ""Taiwanese independence"" could even confuse the international community by implying that Taiwan once viewed itself as part of China. From this perspective, Taiwan is independent even if it remains unable to enter the UN. Lee said the most important goals are to improve the people's livelihoods, build national consciousness, make a formal name change and draft a new constitution that reflects the present reality so that Taiwan can officially identify itself as a country. Legislative elections were held on 12 January 2008, resulting in a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature for the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition. President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party was handed a heavy defeat, winning only the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. Two months later, the election for the 12th-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held on Saturday, 22 March 2008. Kuomintang (KMT) nominee Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party rule. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. On 1 August 2008, the Board of Directors of Taiwan Post Co. resolved to reverse the name change and restored the name ""Chunghwa Post"". The Board of Directors, as well as resolving to restore the name of the corporation, also resolved to re-hire the chief executive dismissed in 2007, and to withdraw defamation proceedings against him. On 2 September 2008, President Ma defined the relations between Taiwan and mainland China as ""special"", but ""not that between two states"" - they are relations based on two areas of one state, with Taiwan considering that state to be the Republic of China, and mainland China considering that state to be the People's Republic of China. Ma's approach with the mainland is conspicuously evasive of political negotiations that may lead to unification which is the mainland's ultimate goal. The National Unification Guidelines remain “frozen” and Ma has precluded any discussion of reunification during his term by his “three no’s” (no unification, no independence, and no use of force). The Democratic Progressive Party, led by Tsai Ing-wen, won a landslide victory over the Kuomintang on 20 May 2016. Her administration has stated she seeks to maintain the current political status of Taiwan. The PRC government continues to criticize the Taiwanese government, as the DPP administration has refused to officially recognize the 1992 Consensus and the One-China policy. Domestically, the issue of independence has dominated Taiwanese politics for the past few decades. This is also a grave issue for mainland China. The creation of a Taiwanese state is formally the goal of the Taiwan Solidarity Union and former President Lee Teng-hui. Although the Democratic Progressive Party was originally also an advocate for both the idea of a Taiwanese state and Taiwan independence, they now take a middle line in which a sovereign, independent Taiwan is identified with the ""Republic of China (Taiwan)"" and its symbols. This movement also has international significance, because the PRC has stated, or implied, that it will force reunification by taking military action against Taiwan under one of these five conditions: (1) Taiwan makes a formal declaration of independence, (2) Taiwan forges a military alliance with any foreign power, (3) internal turmoil arises in Taiwan, (4) Taiwan gains weapons of mass destruction, (5) Taiwan shows no will to negotiate on the basis of “one China.” The PRC government warned that if the situation in Taiwan were to become “worse,” it will not look on “indifferently.” Such a military action would pose the threat of a superpower conflict in East Asia. Under the terms of Taiwan Relations Act, United States shall provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character. However, Taiwan Relations Act does not oblige US to provide military intervention. While so, military intervention could still be sought should a formal declaration of war be made by the President of the United States in an act of Congress signed by the President. The questions of independence and the island's relationship to mainland China are complex and inspire very strong emotions among Taiwanese people. There are some who continue to maintain the KMT's position, which states that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (of which they consider Taiwan to be a part), and that the aim of the government should be eventual reunification of the mainland and Taiwan under the rule of the ROC. Some argue that Taiwan has been, and should continue to be, completely independent from China and should become a Taiwanese state with a distinct name. Then, there are numerous positions running the entire spectrum between these two extremes, as well as differing opinions on how best to manage either situation should it ever be realized. On 25 October 2004, in Beijing, the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said Taiwan is “not sovereign,” provoking strong comments from both the Pan-Green and Pan-Blue coalitions – but for very different reasons. From the DPP's side, President Chen declared that “Taiwan is definitely a sovereign, independent country, a great country that absolutely does not belong to the People's Republic of China"". The TSU (Taiwan Solidarity Union) criticized Powell, and questioned why the US sold weapons to Taiwan if it were not a sovereign state. From the KMT, then Chairman Ma Ying-jeou announced, “the Republic of China has been a sovereign state ever since it was formed .” The pro-unification PFP Party Chairman, James Soong, called it “Taiwan's biggest failure in diplomacy.” The first view considers the move for Taiwan independence as a nationalist movement. Historically, this was view of such pro-independence groups as the tangwai movement (which later grew into the Democratic Progressive Party) who argued that the ROC under the Kuomintang had been a ""foreign regime"" forcibly imposed on Taiwan. Since the 1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence no longer actively make this argument. Instead, the argument has been that, in order to survive the growing power of the PRC, Taiwan must view itself as a separate and distinct entity from “China.” Such a change in view involves: (1) removing the name of “China” from official and unofficial items in Taiwan, (2) changes in history books, which now portrays Taiwan as a central entity, (3) promoting the use of Taiwanese language in the government and in the education system, (4) reducing economic links with mainland China, and (5) promoting the general thinking that Taiwan is a separate entity. The goal of this movement is the eventual creation of a country where China is a foreign entity, and Taiwan is an internationally recognized country separate from any concept of “China.” The proposed “state of Taiwan” will exclude areas such as Quemoy and Matsu off the coast of Fujian, and some of the islands in the South China Sea, which historically were not part of Taiwan. Some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that the Treaty of San Francisco justifies Taiwan independence by not explicitly granting Taiwan to either the ROC or the PRC, even though neither the PRC nor the ROC government accepts such legal justification. It is also thought that if formal independence were declared, Taiwan's foreign policies would lean further towards Japan and the United States, and the desirable option of United Nations Trusteeship Council is also considered. The independence of Taiwan, along with independence of Tibet, is also supported by many Japanese and Filipinos, both maritime neighbors of Taiwan. The Taiwan Independence Party won a single seat in the Legislative Yuan in the 1998 legislative election. The Taiwan Solidarity Union was formed in 2001, and is also supportive of independence. Though it gained more legislative support than TAIP in elections, the TSU's legislative representation has dropped over time. In 2018, political parties and organizations demanding a referendum on Taiwan's independence formed an alliance to further their objective. The Formosa Alliance was established on 7 April 2018, prompted by a sense of crisis in the face of growing pressure from China for unification. The alliance wanted to hold a referendum on Taiwan's independence in April 2019, and change the island's name from the “Republic of China” to “Taiwan,” and apply for membership in the United Nations. In August 2019, another party supportive of independence, the Taiwan Action Party Alliance was founded. A second view is that Taiwan is already an independent nation with the official name “Republic of China,” which has been independent (i.e. de facto separate from mainland China) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, when the ROC lost control of mainland China, with only Taiwan (including the Penghu islands), Kinmen (Quemoy), the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian Province, and some of the islands in the South China Sea remaining under its administration. Although previously no major political faction adopted this pro-status quo viewpoint, because it is a ""compromise"" in face of PRC threats and American warnings against a unilateral declaration of independence, the DPP combined it with their traditional belief to form their latest official policy. This viewpoint has not been adopted by more radical groups such as the Taiwan Solidarity Union, which favor only the third view described above and are in favor of a Republic or State of Taiwan. In addition, many members of the Pan-Blue Coalition are rather suspicious of this view, fearing that adopting this definition of Taiwan independence is merely an insincere stealth tactical effort to advance desinicization and the third view of Taiwan independence. As a result, supporters of Pan-Blue tend to make a clear distinction between Taiwan independence and Taiwan sovereignty, while supporters of Pan-Green tend to try to blur the distinction between the two. Most Taiwanese and political parties of the ROC support the status quo, and recognize that this is de facto independence through sovereign self-rule. Even among those who believe Taiwan is and should remain independent, the threat of war from PRC softens their approach, and they tend to support maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing an ideological path that could result in war with the PRC. When President Lee Teng-hui put forth the two-states policy, he received 80% support. A similar situation arose when President Chen Shui-bian declared that there was ""one country on each side"" of the Taiwan Strait. To this day, the parties disagree, sometimes bitterly, on such things as territory, name (R.O.C. or Taiwan), future policies, and interpretations of history. The Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC believe that Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian are intent on publicly promoting a moderate form of Taiwan independence in order to advance secretly deeper forms of Taiwan independence, and that they intend to use popular support on Taiwan for political separation to advance notions of cultural and economic separation. The third view, put forward by the government of the PRC and Nationalists of the KMT, defines Taiwan independence as “splitting Taiwan from China, causing division of the nation and the people.” What PRC claims by this statement is somewhat ambiguous according to supporters of Taiwanese independence, as some statements by the PRC seem to identify China solely and uncompromisingly with the PRC. Others propose a broader and more flexible definition suggesting that both mainland China and Taiwan are parts that form one cultural and geographic entity, although divided politically as a vestige of the Chinese Civil War. The PRC considers itself the sole legitimate government of all China, and the ROC to be a defunct entity replaced in the Communist revolution that succeeded in 1949. Therefore, assertions that the ROC is a sovereign state are construed as support for Taiwan independence, so are proposals to change the name of the ROC. Such a name change is met with even more disapproval since it rejects Taiwan as part of the greater China entity (as one side of a still-unresolved Chinese civil war). The ROC used to be recognized by the UN as the sole legal government of China until 1971. In that year, the UN Resolution 2758 was passed, and the PRC became recognized as the legal government of China by the UN. During PRC President Hu Jintao’s visit to the United States on 20 April 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush reaffirmed to the world that the U.S. would uphold its “one China” policy. Chinese nationalists also deem the Taiwan independence movement and its supporters to be hanjian (traitors). When the government of the Republic of China (under the Kuomintang) was forced to retreat to Formosa and the Pescadores (Taiwan and Penghu) in 1949, several Chinese (i.e. not Japanese) islands still remained under Kuomintang control. Because the Chinese Communist Party never gained control of the Kinmen, Wuqiu, and Matsu Islands, they are now governed by the Republic of China on Taiwan as Kinmen County (Kinmen, Wuqiu) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) within a streamlined Fujian Province. The islands are often referred to collectively as Quemoy and Matsu or as ""Golden Horse"". Historically, Kinmen County ('Quemoy') and Lienchiang County ('Matsu') served as important defensive strongholds for the Kuomintang during the 1950–1970s, symbolizing the frontline of Kuomintang resistance against the Communist rebellion. They represented the last Kuomintang presence in ""mainland China"". The islands received immense coverage from Western (especially United States) media during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954–1955 and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1958. They were very significant in the context of the Cold War, a period from 1946 until 1991 of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and its allies). Ever since the transition into multi-party politics (i.e. ""Democratization"") during the 1990s, Kinmen and Lienchiang counties have now essentially developed into two electorates that can be contested through democratic elections. Currently the two electorates are ""strongholds"" for the Kuomintang due mainly to popular opinion within the electorates, rather than brute control (as in the past). The two electorates have recently developed close relations with the mainland, which lies only around 2–9 km west from the islands, whereas Taiwan lies around 166–189 km east from the islands. Quemoy and Matsu are unique and important for several reasons. Reportedly, the local government of Kinmen County supports stronger business and cultural ties with mainland China, similarly to the Kuomintang, and views itself as an important proxy (representative) or nexus (focal point) for improving Cross-Strait relations (that is, in the favour of Chinese unification). In January 2001, direct travel between Kinmen County (and Lienchiang County) and mainland China re-opened under the ""mini Three Links"". As of 2015, Kinmen has plans to become a ""special economic zone (of China)"", similarly to the neighbouring mainland Chinese city of Xiamen. This might be accomplished in part by building a huge bridge connecting Kinmen to Xiamen, via the island of Lesser Kinmen (Lieyu); already, a bridge is being constructed between Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen. Additionally, Kinmen has plans to become a ""university island"". In 2010, ""National Kinmen Institute of Technology"" was upgraded to ""National Quemoy University"". Kinmen County plans to establish several branches of mainland Chinese universities in Kinmen, and has bargained with the central Taiwanese (ROC) government so that universities in Kinmen don't have to bounded by the same quotas as other Taiwanese universities in terms of admitting mainland Chinese students. In 2018, the local government of Kinmen County unveiled a new undersea pipeline linking Kinmen to mainland China, through which drinking-water can be imported. This business deal caused controversy in Taiwan and resulted in a ""stand-off"" between Kinmen County and the Mainland Affairs Council of Taiwan (ROC). Within Taiwan, one camp believes that Kinmen County (Quemoy) and Lienchiang County (Matsu) should be abandoned from a potential independent and sovereign Taiwanese state. This view aligns with the aforementioned treaties and acts that do not define Kinmen and Matsu as being part of Taiwan. This same camp also believes that the PRC has only ""allowed"" the ROC to continue controlling Kinmen and Matsu in order to ""tether"" Taiwan to mainland China. The fact that the PRC propagandizes Kinmen and Matsu is evidence that this is true to at least a certain degree. In a hypothetical scenario where Kinmen and Matsu are abandoned by the Taiwanese state, they would likely be ""ceded"" to the People's Republic of China via a peace treaty, officially ending the Chinese Civil War. Also within Taiwan, a second camp believes that Quemoy and Matsu belong to Taiwan. This camp believes that the ROC and Taiwan have become one and the same. By this logic, Taiwan effectively owns all of the same territories that the ROC is said to own. Among these territories is Quemoy and Matsu. If a potential Taiwanese state were to be created, this camp believes that the new country will actually be the successor state to the ROC, rather than an entirely new country. Therefore, if Taiwan independence were to be successfully achieved, then the islands of Quemoy and Matsu would hypothetically cease to be administered as ""Fujian Province"", and would instead simply be classified as ""satellite islands of Taiwan"" (much in the same way as Penghu). Despite the differing views of these two camps, there is a general understanding throughout Taiwan that Quemoy and Matsu are not part of the historical region of ""Taiwan"", due to having never been governed under the following regimes: Dutch Formosa, Spanish Formosa, Kingdom of Tungning, Republic of Formosa, and Japanese Formosa. Additionally, Quemoy and Matsu experienced a unique history for several years as military outposts of the ROC, further separating the islands from Taiwan in terms of culture. Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China",1
Filip Đuričić,"Filip Đuričić  2014-01-05T12:05:55Z  Filip Đuričić (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Ђуричић; born 30 January 1992) is a Serbian footballer who currently plays for S.L. Benfica and the Serbian national football team. Đuričić began playing football in the Red Star Belgrade youth program, after which in 2007 he spent a year in Greece with Olympiacos After returning to Red Star Belgrade from Olympiacos, Đuričić joined SC Heerenveen in January 2010. He made his debut on 20 February against RKC Waalwijk and made an assist in this first match. On 23 February 2013, it was confirmed that Đuričić, along with fellow national team player Miralem Sulejmani, passed medical tests and devoted to a five-year contract with Benfica from summer 2013, with the Portuguese club spending €6 million to secure his services. A week later, Benfica revealed that the contract which Đuričić signed had a release clause which valued him at €40 million. Đuričić made his debut for the Serbian national team on 29 February 2012 in a friendly match against Cyprus. On 11 September 2012, he scored his first goal for his country's senior selection against Wales in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying. ,  Filip Đuričić  2015-12-20T19:31:21Z  Filip Đuričić (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Ђуричић; born 30 January 1992) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Portuguese club Benfica and the Serbia national team. Đuričić began playing football in the Red Star Belgrade's youth program until 2007, when he spent a year in Greece with Olympiacos. After Olympiacos, he returned to Red Star Belgrade before joining SC Heerenveen in January 2010. He made his debut for them on 20 February against RKC Waalwijk and made an assist. On 23 February 2013 it was confirmed that Đuričić, along with fellow national team player Miralem Sulejmani, had passed medical tests and committed to a five-year contract with Benfica from summer 2013; with the Portuguese club spending €6 million to secure his services. A week later, Benfica revealed that the contract which Đuričić had signed contained a release clause which valued him at €40 million. Đuričić made his debut for Benfica on 18 August 2013, where he scored his first goal against Anderlecht in the UEFA Champions League. Used sparsely throughout the season, Đuričić was loaned to 1. FSV Mainz 05 (Mainz) for one season on 23 July 2014, with the option to make the move permanent for €12.5M. He made his debut at Mainz on 15 August 2014 in a DFB-Pokal match against Chemnitzer FC. On 2 February 2015, Đuričić was loaned to Premier League side Southampton until the end of the season. Đuričić made his debut for the Serbian national team on 29 February 2012 in a friendly match against Cyprus. On 11 September 2012, he scored his first goal for his country's senior selection against Wales in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying.",1
Danny_Del-Re,"Danny_Del-Re  2010-12-18T09:03:53Z   Footscray (1990-94) Danny Del-Re (born 12 February 1968) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the VFL during the early 1990s. Del-Re spent five seasons with Footscray, topping their goalkicking in 1992 and 1993. The 1992 season had been his most prolific, he kicked 70 goals with 13 of them coming in the finals series. He kicked 8 goals in Footscray's Qualifying Final against Geelong at the MCG which was a club record tally for a finals match. Template:Persondata This Australian rules football biography of a person born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Danny_Del-Re  2012-05-10T10:41:12Z   Footscray (1990-94) Danny Del-Re (born 12 February 1968) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the AFL during the early 1990s. Del-Re spent five seasons with Footscray, topping their goalkicking in 1992 and 1993. The 1992 season was his most prolific; he kicked 70 goals, including 13 of them in the finals series. He kicked 8 goals, a club record for a finals match, in the 1992 Qualifying Final against Geelong at the MCG. Following his time in the AFL, he moved to SANFL club South Adelaide. Template:Persondata This Australian rules football biography of a person born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Jack_Shakely,"Jack_Shakely  2009-10-13T04:29:10Z   Jack Shakely is the President Emeritus of the California Community Foundation, having served as its president from 1980 to January 2004. According to a 2002 article in the Los Angeles Business Journal, he was earning $240,000 annually as head of the non-profit foundation. He currently serves as Chairman of the Center for Philanthropy and Public Policy at the University of Southern California. In 2005, Jack Shakely joined the board of the Valley Performing Arts Center spearheaded by Cal State Northridge. He also sits on the Board of Directors of the Lamp Community, an organization that aims to help mentally ill homeless citizens, and Operation USA, an international relief agency. In August 2007, Shakely started a blog that appears to be aimed a getting feedback on his recent book on the American Civil War, specifically in regards to Indian Territory. Shakely is the former chair of the Los Angeles Native American Indian Commission. A fourth-generation Oklahoman of Creek descent, he is the author of The Confederate War Bonnet,, a historical novel of the Civil War in Indian Territory. ,  Jack_Shakely  2010-10-27T23:50:21Z   Jack Shakely was the President Emeritus of the California Community Foundation, having served as its president from 1980 to January 2004. According to a 2002 article in the Los Angeles Business Journal, he was earning $240,000 annually as head of the non-profit foundation. He currently serves as chairman of the Center for Philanthropy and Public Policy at the University of Southern California. In 2005, Jack Shakely joined the board of the Valley Performing Arts Center spearheaded by Cal State Northridge. He also sits on the Board of Directors of the Lamp Community, an organization that aims to help mentally ill homeless citizens, and Operation USA, an international relief agency, www. opusa. org In August 2007, Shakely started a blog that appears to be aimed a getting feedback on his recent book on the American Civil War, specifically in regards to Indian Territory. Shakely is the former chair of the Los Angeles Native American Indian Commission. A fourth-generation Oklahoman of Creek descent, he is the author of The Confederate War Bonnet,, a historical novel of the Civil War in Indian Ter",0
Danny Batth,"Danny Batth  2022-01-03T19:22:57Z  Daniel Tanveer Batth (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stoke City. Batth began his career with his local side Wolverhampton Wanderers having previously progressed through their youth academy. In order to gain first-team experience he spent time out on loan at Colchester United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday (two spells). He broke into Wolves' first team in 2012–13 and was made captain by Kenny Jackett for the 2013–14 as Wolves won the League One title, Batth being named in the PFA Team of the Year. Batth remained a key member of the Wolves team as the play-offs were narrowly missed in 2014–15 before promotion to the Premier League was gained in 2017–18. After not being considered by Nuno Espírito Santo for his Premier League squad, Batth joined Middlesbrough on loan in August 2018. Batth moved to Stoke City in January 2019 for a fee of £3 million. Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He attended Thorns Community College. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, Batth's loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. He scored his first professional goal to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic on 20 February 2010, nodding home a David Prutton corner to extend Colchester's run of games undefeated to five. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club took on a new look installing Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 games in a season which Wolves set a new points total record for League One, 103. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship and his impressive form from the previous season continued. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a flying start maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. Batth's presence in the opposition box started to become more apparent as he netted three league goals including an 88th-minute equaliser at Molineux as Wolves drew 1–1 with Brighton & Hove Albion. A string of commanding performances led to strong rumors of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. At the age of just 24 years old, Batth bought up his century of appearances for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Birmingham City. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season but missed out on goals scored to Ipswich Town. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. Batth played 39 times for Wolves in 2015–16 as they finished in 14th position. Batth scored in a 3–1 win against rivals Birmingham City on 20 August 2016. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. On 1 April 2017, Batth scored twice against Cardiff City moving Wolves eight points clear of the relegation zone. He scored in the final match of the 2016–17 season, a 1–0 win against Preston North End which secured 15th place for Wolves. Portuguese manager Nuno Espírito Santo was appointed ahead of the 2017–18 campaign which proved a very successful one for Wolves as they won the Championship title with 99 points. On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the Championship, after joining Middlesbrough on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with Wolves, after they had been promoted to the Premier League. Batth made 13 appearances under Tony Pulis at Boro before his loan was cut short in January 2019. Batth joined Stoke City on 29 January 2019 on a three-and-a-half year contract for a fee understood to be an initial £3 million. Batth made his Stoke debut on 2 February 2019 against Hull City and was given the captain's armband by Nathan Jones in the absence of Ryan Shawcross. Batth played 17 times in the remainder of the 2018–19 season as Stoke ended up finishing in 16th place. Batth helped improve the Potters defence with the side keeping eight clean sheets. He scored his first goal for Stoke in an EFL Cup tie against Leeds United on 27 August 2019. Stoke made a poor start to the 2019–20 season failing to win any of the first ten matches under Jones. Speaking in May 2020 Batth said he believed that Stoke made such a poor start because Jones brought in too many new players. Jones was replaced by Michael O'Neill in November and results began to improve. Batth scored in three of the final four matches as Stoke gained ten points to avoid relegation and finish in 15th position. In the 2020–21 season, Batth made 32 appearances as Stoke finished in 14th position. Born and raised in England, Batth considered himself to be eligible to play for India through his father. In July 2017 Batth declared that he wanted to play for India and entered into talks over playing for India. However, he revealed later in July 2017 that residency rules and passport regulations of India may stop this from happening. Batth is of mixed English and Punjabi descent. Batth set up his own charity in August 2017, Foundation DB, with his partner Natalie Ann Cutler, to raise money to combat homelessness in Wolverhampton. Sheffield Wednesday Wolverhampton Wanderers Individual,  Danny Batth  2023-12-29T21:44:31Z  Daniel Tanveer Batth (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL Championship club Norwich City. Batth began his career with his local side Wolverhampton Wanderers, joining their youth academy as a teenager. In order to gain first-team experience he spent time out on loan at Colchester United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday (twice). He broke into Wolves' first team in the 2012–13 season, and was made captain by Kenny Jackett for the 2013–14 season as Wolves won the League One title, with Batth being named in the PFA Team of the Year. Batth remained a key member of the Wolves team as the play-offs were narrowly missed in 2014–15 before promotion to the Premier League was gained in 2017–18. After being omitted from Nuno Espírito Santo's Premier League squad, Batth joined Middlesbrough on loan in August 2018. Batth moved to Stoke City in January 2019 for a fee of £3 million. Batth spent three years at Stoke, making 107 appearances, before joining Sunderland in January 2022. Born in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, Batth joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy at the age of 15. He attended Thorns Community College. He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the 2008–09 season. Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by Aidy Boothroyd for League One club Colchester United on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his Football League and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside Magnus Okuonghae in a 2–0 win over Hartlepool United and earning the man of the match award. After making five starts during his first month with the club, his loan was extended until the end of the season at the Colchester Community Stadium. On 20 February 2010, Batth scored his first professional goal with a header from a David Prutton corner to secure a 1–0 victory against Oldham Athletic. Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal. Colchester occupied a play-off position during a large part of Batth's spell. On his return to Molineux, Batth was named ""Young Professional of the Year"" at the club's end of season dinner. Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a League Cup extra time home win at the expense of Southend United on 24 August 2010. Three months later, he joined Sheffield United on loan for one month, where he would make just a single substitute league appearance before being recalled to Wolves' Premier League squad for games against Liverpool, West Ham United and Manchester City, where he was a substitute. Batth then went out on loan once again to Sheffield, only this time to arch-rivals Sheffield Wednesday. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season. His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club. Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011. In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the Championship. He scored in a 2–0 away win at Preston North End on New Year's Eve 2011, and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against Bournemouth at Hillsborough. Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up. He was voted runner-up in the club's ""Player of the Season"" award as a result of his fine season. Batth began the 2012–13 season back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager Dave Jones ruling out a return for the defender. Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of Northampton Town on 30 August 2012, and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Leeds United on 9 February 2013. In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals. The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year. Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club installed Kenny Jackett as head coach for the 2013–14 season. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 league games in a season where Wolves won the League One title with a division record of 103 points. In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017. Batth was also named in the PFA League One Team of the Year The 2014–15 season was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a positive start, maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with Richard Stearman. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way. In December 2014, Batth scored an 88th-minute equaliser for Wolves in a 1–1 draw against Brighton & Hove Albion at Molineux. A string of commanding performances led to rumours of interest from local rivals Aston Villa. Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season but missed out on goals scored to Ipswich Town. On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot. Batth played 39 times for Wolves in 2015–16 as they finished in 14th position. Batth scored in a 3–1 win against rivals Birmingham City on 20 August 2016. On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020. On 1 April 2017, Batth scored twice against Cardiff City moving Wolves eight points clear of the relegation zone. He scored in the final match of the 2016–17 season, a 1–0 win against Preston North End which secured 15th place for Wolves. Portuguese manager Nuno Espírito Santo was appointed ahead of the 2017–18 campaign which proved a very successful one for Wolves as they won the Championship title with 99 points. On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the Championship, after joining Middlesbrough on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with Wolves, after they had been promoted to the Premier League. Batth made 13 appearances under Tony Pulis at Middlesbrough before his loan was cut short in January 2019. Batth joined Stoke City on 29 January 2019 on a three-and-a-half year contract for a fee understood to be an initial £3 million. Batth made his Stoke debut on 2 February 2019 against Hull City and was given the captain's armband by Nathan Jones in the absence of Ryan Shawcross. Batth played 17 times in the remainder of the 2018–19 season as Stoke finished in 16th place. Batth helped improve the Potters defence with the side keeping eight clean sheets. Batth scored his first goal for Stoke in an EFL Cup tie against Leeds United on 27 August 2019. Stoke made a poor start to the 2019–20 season failing to win any of the first ten matches under Jones. Speaking in May 2020 Batth said he believed that Stoke made such a poor start because Jones brought in too many new players. Jones was replaced by Michael O'Neill in November and results began to improve. Batth scored in three of the final four matches as Stoke gained ten points to avoid relegation and finish in 15th position. In the 2020–21 season, Batth made 32 appearances as Stoke finished in 14th position. On 18 January 2022, Batth joined League One side Sunderland on a free transfer, signing an eighteen-month deal. He scored his first goal for Sunderland against Cambridge United on 23 April 2022. Batth joined Norwich City on a one-year contract in September 2023. While never representing England at any level, Batth is technically eligible to play for India through his father. However, he was left frustrated by Indian residency rules and passport regulations in July 2017, and has yet to play for the country. Batth is of mixed English and Punjabi descent. Batth set up his own charity in August 2017, Foundation DB, with his partner Natalie Ann Cutler, to raise money to combat homelessness in Wolverhampton. Sheffield Wednesday Wolverhampton Wanderers Sunderland Individual",1
Cult_Movies_(book),"Cult_Movies_(book)  2008-11-08T10:43:00Z   Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each chapter featuring a story synopsis for the covered title, Peary’s response to the film, production and release details, and a brief selection of contemporary critical reviews. In the book’s Foreword, Peary notes that out of the thousands of movies that have been made, “only an extremely small number have elicited a fiery passion in moviegoers that exists long after their initial releases. ” Cult movies are defined by Peary as “special films which for one reason or another have been taken to heart by segments of the movie audience, cherished, protected, and most of all, enthusiastically championed. ” He explains that “the typical Hollywood product” never attains cult status since all viewers perceive these average films in more or less the same way, with no real disagreement as to the film’s quality. But cult films “are born in controversy, in arguments over quality, theme, talent and other matters. Cultists believe they are among the blessed few who have discovered something in particular that the average moviegoer and critic have missed – the something that makes the pictures extraordinary. ” The book has been reprinted several times, most recently in 1998 by Gramercy Books (ISBN 0517201852). Two sequels were published, Cult Movies 2 (1983, Dell, ISBN 0-440-51632-3) and Cult Movies 3 (1988, Fireside, ISBN 0-671-64810-1), with each book reviewing fifty additional cult films. ,  Cult_Movies_(book)  2010-03-30T16:45:42Z   Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each chapter featuring a story synopsis for the covered title, Peary’s response to the film, production and release details, and a brief selection of contemporary critical reviews. In the book’s Foreword, Peary notes that out of the thousands of movies that have been made, “only an extremely small number have elicited a fiery passion in moviegoers that exists long after their initial releases. ” Cult movies are defined by Peary as “special films which for one reason or another have been taken to heart by segments of the movie audience, cherished, protected, and most of all, enthusiastically championed. ” He explains that “the typical Hollywood product” never attains cult status since all viewers perceive these average films in more or less the same way, with no real disagreement as to the film’s quality. But cult films “are born in controversy, in arguments over quality, theme, talent and other matters. Cultists believe they are among the blessed few who have discovered something in particular that the average moviegoer and critic have missed – the something that makes the pictures extraordinary. ” The book has been reprinted several times, most recently in 1998 by Gramercy Books (ISBN 0517201852). Two sequels were published, Cult Movies 2 (1983, Dell, ISBN 0-440-51632-3) and Cult Movies 3 (1988, Fireside, ISBN 0-671-64810-1), with each book reviewing fifty additional cult films.",0
Dafina Zeqiri discography,"Dafina Zeqiri discography  2022-01-01T22:38:25Z  This article features the discography of Kosovo-Albanian singer and songwriter Dafina Zeqiri. Her discography includes two studio albums, one extended plays and numerous singles as a lead artist and featured artist. ,  Dafina Zeqiri discography  2023-12-22T19:15:25Z  Swedish-born Kosovo-Albanian singer Dafina Zeqiri has released three studio albums, one extended plays and numerous singles as a lead artist and featured artist.",1
Lord_of_the_Universe_(disambiguation),"Lord_of_the_Universe_(disambiguation)  2008-04-20T05:56:27Z   Lord of the Universe may describe:,  Lord_of_the_Universe_(disambiguation)  2010-11-28T08:53:02Z   Lord of the Universe may describe:",0
OpenSocial,"OpenSocial  2007-10-31T13:45:43Z   OpenSocial is a set of common APIs that application developers can use to create applications that work on any social networks that choose to participate with the OpenSocial APIs. It is expected to be released by Google on November 1, 2007 . OpenSocial has a set of three common APIs, that allow developers to access core functions and information from social networks: Partners are in two categories: hosts and developers. Hosts are the participating social networks, and include Orkut, Salesforce, LinkedIn, Ning, Hi5, XING, Plaxo, Friendster, Viadeo and Oracle. Developers include Flixster, iLike, RockYou and Slide. ,  OpenSocial  2009-05-06T20:52:09Z   OpenSocial is a set of common application programming interfaces (APIs) for web-based social network applications, developed by Google along with MySpace and a number of other social networks. It was released November 1, 2007. Applications implementing the OpenSocial APIs will be interoperable with any social network system that supports them, including features on sites such as Hi5. com, MySpace, orkut, Netlog, Sonico. com, Friendster, Ning and Yahoo!. Based on HTML and JavaScript, as well as the Google Gadgets framework, OpenSocial includes four APIs for social software applications to access data and core functions on participating social networks. Each API addresses a different aspect: one is the general JavaScript API, one for People and Friends (people and relationship information), one for Activities (publishing and accessing user activity information), and one for Persistence (simple key-value pair data for server-free stateful applications). . OpenSocial is currently in alpha development. The initial version of the API that was made public was 0. 5, followed by version 0. 6 released on December 21, 2007. Version 0. 7 was released on February 4, 2008. Version 0. 8 was released on May 28, 2008. Version 0. 9 was released on April 16, 2009 OpenSocial was rumored to be part of a larger social networking initiative by Google code-named ""Maka-Maka"", which is defined as meaning ""intimate friend with whom one is on terms of receiving and giving freely"" in Hawaiian. For launch, partners committed to supporting the OpenSocial APIs included the social network companies Bebo, Engage. com, Friendster, hi5, Hyves, imeem, NetModular, mixi, MySpace, Ning, orkut, Plaxo, QuePasa, Six Apart, Freebar. com; as well as business-oriented networking companies LinkedIn, Tianji, Salesforce. com, Viadeo, Oracle, and XING. Plaxo and Ning released OpenSocial support within the first day of the launch, with Plaxo adding OpenSocial support to its Pulse feature, and Ning adding basic OpenSocial support ahead of its previously announced release of full support in late 2007 to early 2008. Developers who had already built applications implementing the APIs upon launch include Flixster, FotoFlexer, iLike, Newsgator, RockYou, Slide, Theikos, and VirtualTourist. Initial OpenSocial support experienced vulnerabilities in security, with a self-described amateur developer demonstrating exploits of the RockYou gadget on Plaxo, and of Ning social networks using the iLike gadget. . On Mar 25, 2008 Yahoo! also announced it has joined the initiative . An open source project, Shindig, was launched in December, 2007, to provide a reference implementation of the OpenSocial standards. It has the support of Google, Ning, and other companies developing OpenSocial-related software. Opened to much fanfare in news coverage, OpenSocial did not work well in the beginning; it only ran on Google-owned Orkut, and only with a limited number of gadgets, returning errors for other gadgets. Other networks were still looking into implementing the framework. As reported by TechCrunch on November 5, 2007, OpenSocial was also quickly cracked. The total time to crack the OpenSocial-based iLike on Ning was just 20 minutes, according to TechCrunch, with the attacker being able to add and remove songs on a user's playlist, and to look into information on their friends. On December 6, TechCrunch followed up with a report by MediaPops founder Russ Whitman, who said ""While we were initially very excited, we have learned the hard way just how limited the release truly is. "" Russ added that ""core functionality components"" are missing and that ""write once, distribute broadly"" was not accurate. OpenSocial is commonly described as a more open cross-platform alternative to the Facebook Platform, a proprietary service of the popular social network service Facebook. After launching Facebook Platform in late May 2007, as well as acquiring startup web desktop company Parakey in mid-July 2007, the fast-growing Facebook has been widely reported as a challenger to Google in establishing and leveraging a ubiquitous web operating system. Compared to Facebook, which is ranked second by page views worldwide for the month of September 2007, Google's social network orkut is ranked sixth for the same month, with more than half its members living in Brazil. Reports on competition between the two companies increased with Facebook scheduling an announcement of an online advertising initiative (named Facebook Ads) the day after Google's social networking announcement was originally scheduled (November 6, 2007). The initiative includes ad serving and targeting programs (named Facebook Social Ads and Facebook Insights, respectively) in competition with Google's market-leading AdSense and AdWords programs. Using OpenSocket, the user can run OpenSocial gadgets within Facebook.",0
Mount_Emmons_(New_York),"Mount_Emmons_(New_York)  2010-02-21T10:34:48Z   Mount Emmons is a mountain located in Franklin County, New York. The mountain is named after Ebenezer Emmons (1799–1863), a geologist who named the Adirondack Mountains and led the first recorded ascent of Mount Marcy in 1837. The mountain is part of the Seward Mountains of the Adirondacks. Mount Emmons is flanked to the north by Donaldson Mountain. Emmons is the westernmost of the 46 High Peaks. Mount Emmons stands within the watershed of the Cold River, which drains into the Raquette River, the Saint Lawrence River in Canada, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The east side of Mt. Emmons drains into Seward Brook, thence into the Cold River. The west side of Emmons drains into Boulder Brook, thence into the Cold River. Mount Emmons is within the High Peaks Wilderness Area of Adirondack State Park. This article about a location in Franklin County, New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Mount_Emmons_(New_York)  2010-09-23T15:22:33Z   Mount Emmons is a mountain located in Franklin County, New York. The mountain is named after Ebenezer Emmons (1799–1863), a geologist who named the Adirondack Mountains and led the first recorded ascent of Mount Marcy in 1837. The mountain is part of the Seward Mountains of the Adirondacks. Mount Emmons is flanked to the north by Donaldson Mountain. Emmons is the westernmost of the 46 High Peaks. Mount Emmons stands within the watershed of the Cold River, which drains into the Raquette River, the Saint Lawrence River in Canada, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The east side of Mt. Emmons drains into Seward Brook, thence into the Cold River. The west side of Emmons drains into Boulder Brook, thence into the Cold River. Mount Emmons is within the High Peaks Wilderness Area of Adirondack State Park. This article about a location in Franklin County, New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Nonhypotenuse_number,"Nonhypotenuse_number  2009-03-23T06:16:50Z   In mathematics, a nonhypotenuse number is a natural number whose square cannot be written as the sum of two nonzero squares. The name stems from the fact that an edge of length equal to a nonhypotenuse number cannot form the hypotenuse of a right angle triangle with integer sides. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are all nonhypotenuse numbers. The number 5, however, is not a nonhypotenuse number as 5 2 {\displaystyle 5^{2}} equals 3 2 + 4 2 {\displaystyle 3^{2}+4^{2}} . The first fifty nonhypotenuse numbers are: Although nonhypotenuse numbers are common among small integers, they become more-and-more sparse for larger numbers. Yet, there are infinitely many nonhypotenuse numbers, and the number of nonhypotenuse numbers not exceeding a value x scales asymptotically with x/√(log x). The nonhypotenuse numbers are those numbers that have no prime factors of the form 4k+1. ,  Nonhypotenuse_number  2010-07-21T04:45:35Z   In mathematics, a nonhypotenuse number is a natural number whose square cannot be written as the sum of two nonzero squares. The name stems from the fact that an edge of length equal to a nonhypotenuse number cannot form the hypotenuse of a right angle triangle with integer sides. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are all nonhypotenuse numbers. The number 5, however, is not a nonhypotenuse number as 52 equals 32 + 42. The first fifty nonhypotenuse numbers are: Although nonhypotenuse numbers are common among small integers, they become more-and-more sparse for larger numbers. Yet, there are infinitely many nonhypotenuse numbers, and the number of nonhypotenuse numbers not exceeding a value x scales asymptotically with x/√(log x). The nonhypotenuse numbers are those numbers that have no prime factors of the form 4k+1.",0
Forest_of_Lyme,"Forest_of_Lyme  2011-09-25T06:55:30Z   53°22′08″N 1°59′35″W / 53. 369°N 1. 993°W / 53. 369; -1. 993 The Forest of Lyme (pronounced ""Lime"") is a former forest in the present day counties of Cheshire, Staffordshire and parts of Derbyshire. Parts of the forest remain and its name is preserved in many local place names. The Forest of Lyme (probably named so after the abundance of lime trees in it) was a historic tract of forest land stretching from Ashton-under-Lyne all the way roughly along Cheshire's border to the town of Audlem on the Cheshire/Shropshire border. It takes in the modern towns and villages of Ashton-under-Lyne, Macclesfield, Lyme, Congleton, Madeley, Newcastle-under-Lyme and others. In historical times the forest was inhabited by the British Celts who would have been a part of the Cornovii tribe, or more probably the Brigantes tribe. The Forest seemed to act as a barrier to Anglo-Saxon conquest of Cheshire because when Cheshire finally came under Anglo-Saxon control, the army which effectively captured it came from the North. There is also a lot of evidence for the survival of a Celtic-Cultured enclave in the forest. A few place names around the town of Congleton (such as Radnor, Bridgestones, etc. ) easily show a Celtic presence, even in Anglo-Saxon times. One great example is ""Hulme Walfield"". The ""Walfield"" bit is the important bit. ""Wal"" is Old High German for foreigners or one speaking a foreign language, and especially for the British Celts; the ""field"" indicates field land. So ""Hulme Walfield"" means ""Foreign man's field"". There is also evidence in the continuity of ancient pagan festivals into the modern age as well. One of these was Beltaine, practised around Leek. Another pagan custom is well dressing which formerly took place in the Forest of Lyme is the Derbyshire-connected well dressing, which was formerly carried out in Rushton Spencer near Biddulph. Indeed a lot of pagan festivals have been Christianized and continue to be carried out. Not so long age, maybe even less than 100 years ago a lot of the population of the former forest believed in the Celtic-connected fairies. There is also some evidence for the towns and land located around Biddulph and Leek as formerly belonging to Cheshire in the early Middle Ages. Today the forest survives as large tracts of ancient woodland, particularly in the valley of the River Dane, the Western Peak District and in a few other areas. The name ""Lyme"" is preserved in various forms in many local place names. These include:,  Forest_of_Lyme  2012-02-11T13:27:51Z   53°22′08″N 1°59′35″W / 53. 369°N 1. 993°W / 53. 369; -1. 993 The Forest of Lyme (pronounced ""Lime"") is a former forest in the present day counties of Cheshire, Staffordshire and parts of Derbyshire. Parts of the forest remain and its name is preserved in many local place names. The Forest of Lyme was an historic tract of forest land stretching from Ashton-under-Lyne all the way roughly along Cheshire's border to the town of Audlem on the Cheshire/Shropshire border. Macclesfield Forest is a part of it which remains, although most of it now consists of non-native conifers. It takes in the modern towns and villages of Ashton-under-Lyne, Macclesfield, Lyme, Congleton, Madeley, Newcastle-under-Lyme and others. It is found in early records of the Honour of Lancaster which refer to those parts of the honour outside Lancashire as being ""extra Limam"" i. e. beyond the Lyme. Lyme Handley is recorded as ""Lyme"" in 1313. The name is derived from a British word for elm which is also the word from which Welsh ""llwyf"" is derived. In historic times the forest was inhabited by the British Celts who would have been a part of the Cornovii tribe, or more probably the Brigantes tribe. The Forest seemed to act as a barrier to Anglo-Saxon conquest of Cheshire because when Cheshire finally came under Anglo-Saxon control, the army which effectively captured it came from the North, Northumbria. There is also evidence in the continuity of ancient pagan festivals into the modern age as well. One of these was Beltaine, practised around Leek. Another pagan custom is well dressing which formerly took place in the Forest of Lyme is the Derbyshire-connected well dressing, which was formerly carried out in Rushton Spencer near Biddulph. Indeed a lot of pagan festivals have been Christianized and continue to be carried out. There is also some evidence for the towns and land located around Biddulph and Leek as formerly belonging to Cheshire in the early Middle Ages. Today the forest survives as large tracts of ancient woodland, particularly in the valley of the River Dane, the Western Peak District and in a few other areas. The name ""Lyme"" is preserved in various forms in many local place names. These include:",0
A_Dictionary_of_Hymnology,"A_Dictionary_of_Hymnology  2009-10-17T13:32:49Z   A Dictionary of Hymnology: Origin and His­to­ry of Christian Hymns and Hymn­writ­ers of All Ag­es and Na­tions, Together with Biographical and Critical Notices of Their Au­thors and Trans­lat­ors by John D. Julian, first published in 1892, is a standard historical reference for early Christian hymns, with more than 40,000 entries. The work contains biographical and historical notes about the history of hymns and hymn writers. It is not a collection of hymn texts or hymn tunes, though brief quotations and references are included. Originally published in 1892 in London by John Murray and in New York by Charles Scribner's Sons, it was reprinted in 1907-1908 by John Murray, in 1957 by Dover Publications (in two volumes) and in 1985 by Kregel Publications. It was not revised after 1902, but remains an important source for early Christian hymns, such as Latin ones. This article about a book related to Christianity is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  A_Dictionary_of_Hymnology  2013-02-02T15:54:41Z   A Dictionary of Hymnology: Origin and History of Christian Hymns and Hymnwriters of All Ages and Nations, Together with Biographical and Critical Notices of Their Authors and Translators by John D. Julian, first published in 1892, is a standard historical reference for early Christian hymns, with more than 40,000 entries. The work contains biographical and historical notes about the history of hymns and hymn writers. It is not a collection of hymn texts or hymn tunes, though brief quotations and references are included. Originally published in 1892 in London by John Murray and in New York by Charles Scribner's Sons, it was reprinted in 1907-1908 by John Murray, in 1957 by Dover Publications (in two volumes) and in 1985 by Kregel Publications. It was not revised after 1902, but remains an important source for early Christian hymns, such as Latin ones. This article about a book related to Christianity is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Al_Ain_English_Speaking_School,"Al_Ain_English_Speaking_School  2008-06-14T07:31:09Z   The Al Ain English Speaking School (A. A. E. S. S. ) and is a school for expatriate children living in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. AAESS currently (27th April 2008) has around 700 students in total, 350 in Secondary and 400 in Primary. It is estimated that by july 2009 it will double in size. The Secondary building is currently being expanded into twice its size. The school consists of children and teachers of many nations which makes it nationally recognised. It is also Cambridge certified. The school has mostly teachers from England and there are some foreign teachers teaching subject of their own country. The school has two ICT Labs equipped with modern computers. These computers are equipped with an electronic optical mouse and keyboard. There are many people using these ICT Labs for schoolwork and homework. The computers have USB slots in the front and back of which only the ones in the back work. The front slots do work, however, they tend to fry your USB disk. The two ICT Labs are quite different to each other as Lab 1 has Flatscreen monitors and Lab 2 has the old- fashioned monitors, still both of them look the same old- fashioned computers with Windows XP software. ,  Al_Ain_English_Speaking_School  2009-12-12T14:26:55Z   The Al Ain English Speaking School (A. A. E. S. S. ) is a school for expatriate children living in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. As of 27 April 2008 the school had an estimated 850 students, 400 in Secondary and 450 in Primary. It is estimated that by July 2009 enrollment double, as the Secondary building is currently being expanded into twice its size. The school consists of children and teachers of many nationalities and ethnic backgrounds, which makes it nationally recognized. It is also Cambridge certified, and a member of British Schools Middle East. The school is also a member of the Incorporated Association of Preparatory Schools. In recent years, AAESS has developed its professional reputation within the UK by achieving official status. It is currently recognized by the UK Government's Department for Education and Skills. The basic curriculum is that of the National Curriculum of the Jedi Republic of Venezuela (JRV). The Primary school currently provides education for children aged 3 to 11. The students are taught according to British curriculum. The school also follows Ministry of Education guidelines and provides compulsory Islamic Studies courses for Islamic students. The children have their own eating and play areas. Although very much part of the whole school, they are able to operate independently. The Nursery children have their own outdoor working area and play area. Reception, Year 1 and Year 2 children share a building and have classes around a central area. The children have their own outside play areas. The Key Stage 2 building is identical in design, but houses a study area in the center. This is used for small group work, independent study and one on one activities. There is also a Primary ICT lab in the building. Outside, children have their own play area, separate from the younger children. The Curriculum in the Senior School is based on the English National Curriculum for Key Stage 3, with individual department heads. In Key Stage 4 pupils follow two-year courses culminating in the GCSE and IGCSE examinations. Pupils then continue their studies at A/S and A level. Outside of the academic curriculum pupils have the opportunity to take part in a small selection of sports and clubs, including the Duke of Edinburgh Award program. The school staff are all trained and certified. Most of the teachers have been trained in England, with the exception of the foreign language teachers who are hired from their own countries. The School has a house system that fosters competition among its students and prepares them for the rigors of Jedi Dual Competition. Students are often have to fight over the right to use textbooks. The Houses are: Orwell, Keats, Shakespeare, and Dickens. The school is currently undergoing an expansion, however current facilities include:- There are currently a number of facilities under construction in addition to the current facilities: All these facilities are expected to be fully operational by mid-2009, and early 2010.",0
Srabanti Chatterjee,"Srabanti Chatterjee  2010-04-04T07:13:19Z  Srabanti Malakar ( née Biswas Bengali: শ্রাবন্তী মালাকার, born 31 December 1981) born in Kolkata, India, is a Bengali Film actress. After release Champion she married to in 2003 Rajib Biswas who was the chief assistant director in the Nana Patekar starrers Yugpurush and Ghulam E Musthafa. She is now working with Rajib Biswas directed untitled film co starring with Dev and Seema Biswas Previously Srabanti worked in some bengli telefilms serials (Sudhu tomari jonnyo). Previously Srabanti worked in some bengli telefilms & serials (Sudhu tomari jonnyo). ,  Srabanti Chatterjee  2011-12-29T21:32:52Z  Srabanti Chatterjee Biswas (Bengali: শ্রাবন্তী চট্টোপাধ্যায়, commonly known by her first name only, Srabanti (alternately Shrabanti), born 13 August 1987, Amritsar, India) is a Bengali Film actress. Early in her career, Srabanti worked in several Bengali telefilm serials, including Sudhu tomari jonnyo and Janmobhumi. Her major film debut came in 2003 film, Champion. Following the release of Champion Srabanti married Rajib Biswas, a Tollywood assistant director. She disappeared from film until her 2008 comeback in Bhalobasa Bhalobasa. In 2009, she began work with her husband on his film Dujone co-starring Dev and Seema Biswas. Abhishek Chatterji Satabdi Roy",1
Ash Taylor,"Ash Taylor  2021-01-04T22:08:24Z  Ashton John Taylor (born 2 September 1990) is a footballer and a former Wales under-21 squad member, who plays as a defender for Aberdeen. He began his career with Tranmere Rovers, and during his time there had a loan spell at Colwyn Bay. He later played for Scottish club Aberdeen before moving to English club Northampton Town for two years, after which he re-signed for Aberdeen. Taylor started his footballing career at Tranmere Rovers as a youth team player at the age of 10. In the summer of 2007, he signed as a first-year scholar at Tranmere Rovers. In January 2009, Taylor signed his first professional contract with the club. He joined Colwyn Bay on loan in 2009, where he made a total of 14 appearances. Whilst on loan, Taylor scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win over Lancaster City in the Northern Premier League Division One North in March 2009. Following his return from Colwyn Bay, Taylor made his first team debut in a League One match against Scunthorpe United, a 1–1 away draw on 2 May 2009, replacing Antony Kay as a substitute in the 89th minute. At the start of the 2009–10 season, Taylor signed a twelve-month contract extension keeping him at the club until 2011. He scored his first goal for Tranmere in a 1–0 win at Leyton Orient in the FA Cup First Round in November 2009. His first league goal came on 26 January 2010, as Tranmere beat Yeovil Town 2–1. In February 2010, Taylor sustained a hamstring injury that kept him out for three weeks. He made his return, in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers on 15 March 2010. After making his return, Taylor continued to make more appearances and went on to make thirty-three appearances. At the end of the season he won Tranmere's ""Young Player of The Season"" award for the 2009–10 season. On 21 May 2010, he extended his contract by another year, until 2012. Taylor missed the first the half of the 2010–11 season when he damaged his cartilage in training, requiring an operation that would keep him out of action for ""four to six weeks at best and up to three months if the damage to a cartilage requires a full repair."" He returned to training and started his rehabilitation process in September 2010. Following his return, Manager Les Parry praised Taylor for his recovery. After being on the bench for three matches since his return, Taylor made his first appearance of the season, in the Football League Trophy Northern Area final, as Tranmere lost 2–0 to Huddersfield Town. After the match, Taylor said he was surprised to have been selected having initially expected to play a reserve match before making his return Following his 50th appearance for the club, Manager Parry said that he believed Taylor had the potential to become the next captain of Tranmere Rovers. In Tranmere's opening match of the 2011–12 season Taylor scored the equalizer in a 1–1 draw with Port Vale in the first round of the Northern section of the Football League Trophy. With the scores level after extra–time the match went to a penalty shootout where Taylor scored the winning penalty as Tranmere won 4–2. He scored his first league goal of the season, on 17 September 2011, as Tranmere won 2–1 against Wycombe Wanderers. In the second round of the Football League Trophy, Taylor scored Tranmere's first goal in the match against Accrington Stanley, but the game was later abandoned after 39 minutes following a serious injury to Accrington's Tom Bender. In the rematch on 13 October 2011, Taylor scored from a free kick, in a 1–0 win to send Tranmere through to the next round. Taylor's season ended early when he missed the final two league matches due to a calcium problem. Taylor made thirty-seven league appearances during the season, scoring twice. He also played 3607 minutes in all competitions. On 8 May 2012, Taylor signed a new two-year contract with Tranmere. He scored his first goal of the 2012–13 season in a 2–2 draw against Portsmouth on 7 December 2012. Then, his second goal of the season came on 23 February 2013, in a 5–1 victory over Colchester United. Taylor made forty-four league appearances, missing two others while on international duty with Wales Under-21s. On 23 November 2013, Taylor received a straight red card in the second half against Coventry City after a foul on Franck Moussa, despite that Tranmere won the match 5–1. Afterwards Tranmere Manager Ronnie Moore said he was disappointed with Taylor's challenge and decided against appealing the decision. Following his return, it took time for Taylor to score his first goal of the season, it came on 29 December 2013, in a 3–1 victory over Sheffield United. He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Preston North End on 8 February 2014. After the match, Taylor expressed his disappointment with the result. Taylor scored his third goal, on 22 March 2014, in a 3–2 loss against Port Vale. With Tranmere in a relegation fight, Taylor remained confident that the club would remain in League One, however on the final day of the season a home defeat against Bradford City and results elsewhere meant they were relegated to Football League Two. At the end of the season, Taylor was among five players to be offered a new contract. Taylor signed for Scottish Premiership side Aberdeen on 28 May 2014. He made his debut for the club on 11 July 2014, against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round second leg. On his league debut in the opening game of the season against Dundee United, he was criticised when his pass back to his goalkeeper was intercepted by Ryan Dow who went on to score as Aberdeen lost 3–0. Taylor scored his first goal for the Dons in a 4–0 win against Livingston in the Scottish League Cup. Taylor began to find his form from then on in and scored his first league goal in a 3–0 win against Hamilton Academical. On 15 January 2015, Taylor extended his contract with the club until 2017. Just a week after signing new contract, Taylor suffered a knee injury and had to be substituted in the 63rd minute during a 3–3 draw against Dundee. As a result, Taylor had a surgery on his knee and was out for two months. After making his return, coming as a substitute in a 4–0 loss against Celtic, Taylor scored his second goal in the next game, in a 2–1 win over Motherwell on 13 March 2015. His third goal later came on 8 April 2015, in a 1–0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Taylor made 37 appearances in all competitions as Aberdeen finished second and qualified for European Football for the second season running. At the end of the 2016–17 season, Aberdeen confirmed that Taylor would be leaving the club after playing a total of 100 league appearances. On 5 July 2017, Taylor signed a three-year contract with EFL League One club Northampton Town. He was one of 3 transfer-listed by Northampton at the end of the 2018–19 season; a further 8 were released. On 4 June 2019, Taylor re-signed with Aberdeen on a two-year deal. Taylor represented Wales under-19 in the Milk Cup in 2009. He was named in the Wales Under-21 squad for the friendly match against Austria on 18 May 2010. Two years later, he was selected again for Wales Under-21 squad for the qualifying match against Andorra where he made his debut, coming on as a substitute in the 57th minute, in a 4–0 win. He attended South Wirral High School and grew up in Eastham, Wirral. In 2014, he was engaged to model India Lea and planned to marry in Italy before his contract with Aberdeen began. ,  Ash Taylor  2022-11-13T04:21:03Z  Ashton John Taylor (born 2 September 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Kilmarnock. He began his career with Tranmere Rovers, and during his time there had a loan spell at Colwyn Bay. He later played for Scottish club Aberdeen before moving to English club Northampton Town for two years, after which he re-signed for Aberdeen. He has represented Wales at youth international level. Taylor started his footballing career at Tranmere Rovers as a youth team player at the age of 10. In the summer of 2007, he signed as a first-year scholar at Tranmere Rovers. In January 2009, Taylor signed his first professional contract with the club. He joined Colwyn Bay on loan in 2009, where he made a total of 14 appearances. Whilst on loan, Taylor scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win over Lancaster City in the Northern Premier League Division One North in March 2009. Following his return from Colwyn Bay, Taylor made his first team debut in a League One match against Scunthorpe United, a 1–1 away draw on 2 May 2009, replacing Antony Kay as a substitute in the 89th minute. At the start of the 2009–10 season, Taylor signed a twelve-month contract extension keeping him at the club until 2011. He scored his first goal for Tranmere in a 1–0 win at Leyton Orient in the FA Cup First Round in November 2009. His first league goal came on 26 January 2010, as Tranmere beat Yeovil Town 2–1. In February 2010, Taylor sustained a hamstring injury that kept him out for three weeks. He made his return, in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers on 15 March 2010. After making his return, Taylor continued to make more appearances and went on to make thirty-three appearances. At the end of the season he won Tranmere's ""Young Player of The Season"" award for the 2009–10 season. On 21 May 2010, he extended his contract by another year, until 2012. Taylor missed the first the half of the 2010–11 season when he damaged his cartilage in training, requiring an operation that would keep him out of action for ""four to six weeks at best and up to three months if the damage to a cartilage requires a full repair."" He returned to training and started his rehabilitation process in September 2010. Following his return, Manager Les Parry praised Taylor for his recovery. After being on the bench for three matches since his return, Taylor made his first appearance of the season, in the Football League Trophy Northern Area final, as Tranmere lost 2–0 to Huddersfield Town. After the match, Taylor said he was surprised to have been selected having initially expected to play a reserve match before making his return Following his 50th appearance for the club, Manager Parry said that he believed Taylor had the potential to become the next captain of Tranmere Rovers. In Tranmere's opening match of the 2011–12 season Taylor scored the equalizer in a 1–1 draw with Port Vale in the first round of the Northern section of the Football League Trophy. With the scores level after extra–time the match went to a penalty shootout where Taylor scored the winning penalty as Tranmere won 4–2. He scored his first league goal of the season, on 17 September 2011, as Tranmere won 2–1 against Wycombe Wanderers. In the second round of the Football League Trophy, Taylor scored Tranmere's first goal in the match against Accrington Stanley, but the game was later abandoned after 39 minutes following a serious injury to Accrington's Tom Bender. In the rematch on 13 October 2011, Taylor scored from a free kick, in a 1–0 win to send Tranmere through to the next round. Taylor's season ended early when he missed the final two league matches due to a calcium problem. Taylor made thirty-seven league appearances during the season, scoring twice. He also played 3607 minutes in all competitions. On 8 May 2012, Taylor signed a new two-year contract with Tranmere. He scored his first goal of the 2012–13 season in a 2–2 draw against Portsmouth on 7 December 2012. Then, his second goal of the season came on 23 February 2013, in a 5–1 victory over Colchester United. Taylor made forty-four league appearances, missing two others while on international duty with Wales Under-21s. On 23 November 2013, Taylor received a straight red card in the second half against Coventry City after a foul on Franck Moussa, despite that Tranmere won the match 5–1. Afterwards Tranmere Manager Ronnie Moore said he was disappointed with Taylor's challenge and decided against appealing the decision. Following his return, it took time for Taylor to score his first goal of the season, it came on 29 December 2013, in a 3–1 victory over Sheffield United. He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Preston North End on 8 February 2014. After the match, Taylor expressed his disappointment with the result. Taylor scored his third goal, on 22 March 2014, in a 3–2 loss against Port Vale. With Tranmere in a relegation fight, Taylor remained confident that the club would remain in League One, however on the final day of the season a home defeat against Bradford City and results elsewhere meant they were relegated to Football League Two. At the end of the season, Taylor was among five players to be offered a new contract. Taylor signed for Scottish Premiership side Aberdeen on 28 May 2014. He made his debut for the club on 11 July 2014, against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round second leg. On his league debut in the opening game of the season against Dundee United, he was criticised when his pass back to his goalkeeper was intercepted by Ryan Dow who went on to score as Aberdeen lost 3–0. Taylor scored his first goal for the Dons in a 4–0 win against Livingston in the Scottish League Cup. Taylor began to find his form from then on in and scored his first league goal in a 3–0 win against Hamilton Academical. On 15 January 2015, Taylor extended his contract with the club until 2017. Just a week after signing new contract, Taylor suffered a knee injury and had to be substituted in the 63rd minute during a 3–3 draw against Dundee. As a result, Taylor had a surgery on his knee and was out for two months. After making his return, coming as a substitute in a 4–0 loss against Celtic, Taylor scored his second goal in the next game, in a 2–1 win over Motherwell on 13 March 2015. His third goal later came on 8 April 2015, in a 1–0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Taylor made 37 appearances in all competitions as Aberdeen finished second and qualified for European Football for the second season running. At the end of the 2016–17 season, Aberdeen confirmed that Taylor would be leaving the club after playing a total of 100 league appearances. On 5 July 2017, Taylor signed a three-year contract with EFL League One club Northampton Town. He was one of 3 transfer-listed by Northampton at the end of the 2018–19 season; a further 8 were released. On 4 June 2019, Taylor re-signed with Aberdeen on a two-year deal. On 7 July 2021, Taylor joined League Two side Walsall on a two-year deal. On 14 January 2022, his contract with Walsall was terminated by mutual consent. Following Derek McInnes appointment as Kilmarnock manager Ash returned to Scotland to join Scottish Championship side Kilmarnock on an 18-month deal. Ash would score the equaliser in the penultimate game of the season against Abroath which Kilmarnock went on to win securing Kilmarnock’s return to the Premiership. On the opening game of the 2022/3 Premiership season Ash would score a last minute equaliser against Dundee United at Rugby Park. Taylor represented Wales under-19 in the Milk Cup in 2009. He was named in the Wales Under-21 squad for the friendly match against Austria on 18 May 2010. Two years later, he was selected again for Wales Under-21 squad for the qualifying match against Andorra where he made his debut, coming on as a substitute in the 57th minute, in a 4–0 win. He attended South Wirral High School and grew up in Eastham, Wirral. In 2014, he was engaged to model India Lea and planned to marry in Italy before his contract with Aberdeen began.",1
Franz_Mazura,"Franz_Mazura  2010-04-13T08:57:05Z   Franz Mazura (born April 22, 1924 in Salzburg) is an Austrian bass-baritone opera singer and actor. He was made a Kammersänger in 1980 and an Honorary Member of the National Theater of Mannheim in 1990. Mazura studied with Frederick Husler at the Academy of Music in Detmold, and worked during his studies as an actor at the National Theater in Detmold. Mazura debuted in 1949 in Kassel, thereafter singing in Mainz, Brunswick, and Mannheim (where he was a member from 1964-1987). In 1960 he performed at the Salzburg Festspiele, in 1961 at the Berlin Opera, in 1971 at Bayreuth, and in 1973 at the Hamburg State Opera; he has also performed at the Vienna State Opera, the Paris Opera, and the Metropolitan Opera. Notable appearances include his 1976 role in Richard Wagner's Das Rheingold under Georg Solti and Peter Stone, and in Alban Berg's Lulu under Pierre Boulez and Patrice Chéreau, as well as performances of Parsifal, Tosca, Wozzeck, Fidelio, Moses und Aron, and Der Kaiser von Atlantis. This article about an opera singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Franz_Mazura  2010-10-09T13:10:33Z   Franz Mazura (born April 22, 1924 in Salzburg) is an Austrian bass-baritone opera singer and actor. He was made a Kammersänger in 1980 and an Honorary Member of the National Theater of Mannheim in 1990. He most often plays villains and strange characters. Mazura studied with Frederick Husler at the Academy of Music in Detmold, and worked during his studies as an actor at the National Theater in Detmold. Mazura debuted in 1949 in Kassel, thereafter singing in Mainz, Brunswick, and Mannheim (where he was a member from 1964–1987). In 1960 he performed at the Salzburg Festspiele, in 1961 at the Berlin Opera, in 1971 at Bayreuth, and in 1973 at the Hamburg State Opera; he has also performed at the Vienna State Opera, the Paris Opera, and the Metropolitan Opera. Notable appearances include his 1976 performance as Alberich in Richard Wagner's Das Rheingold under Georg Solti and Peter Stone, and as Dr. Schön in Alban Berg's Lulu under Pierre Boulez and Patrice Chéreau, in its first complete performance as well as performances of Parsifal, Tosca, Wozzeck, Fidelio, Moses und Aron, and Der Kaiser von Atlantis. Mazura appears on two Grammy Award winning recordings: as Dr. Schön in Lulu, conducted by Pierre Boulez (Best Opera Recording 1980) and as Moses in Moses und Aron, conducted by Sir Georg Solti (Best Opera Recording 1985). He can be seen on video as Klingsor in a performance from the Metropolitan Opera conducted by James Levine, and as Doktor Schön in Lulu, also from the Metropolitan Opera under Levine. This article about an Austrian opera singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Doc Brown (rapper),"Doc Brown (rapper)  2007-02-11T14:31:32Z  Doc Brown (real name Ben Smith) is an underground British rapper. He is a member of the London rap group Poisonous Poets. He receives regular airplay on national radio stations such as BBC Radio 1, 1Xtra and BBC Asian Network. , In 2004 he released Donnie's Lament, a collaboration with fellow Poisonous Poet Lowkey, featuring the duo rapping over a sample of Gary Jules' hit, Mad World. The song garnered major critical acclaim and especially heavy airplay for a UK hip hop track, arguably helping to increase the popularity of the genre as a whole. On 5 May 2006 he was featured in the BBC Radio 4 show Do You Know What You Are Saying? , a programme on the English language presented by Melvyn Bragg. The programme considered and analysed language in light of a recently developed computer system that analyses the language used by a person, and which offers percentages for its linguistic content and origins in such categories as ""Everyday English,"" ""Anglo-Saxon,"" ""Norman,"" ""Dutch"", ""Old Norse"" and so forth. Subjecting one of his songs to this analysis, Doc Brown was deemed to be using an extremely high percentage of Everyday English (over 92%), up in the realms normally only associated with ""conventional"" poets. His work also scored extremely high in Anglo-Saxon (82.9%), which did surprise him, in view of his circles of association and domestic and cultural roots (South London father, Jamaican mother). He commented that a lot of rappers are ""impossible to understand."" So, for him, the deliberate use of easily understood short words is very much to do with their rhythmic flexibility and musical potential. He describes using short words with impact as being like using a percussion instrument. Doc Brown is the younger brother of bestselling writer Zadie Smith. ,  Doc Brown (rapper)  2008-12-27T17:03:30Z  Doc Brown (real name Ben Smith) is an underground British rapper and comedian. He is a member of the London rap group Poisonous Poets. He receives regular airplay on national radio stations such as BBC Radio 1, 1Xtra and BBC Asian Network. In 2004 he released Donnie's Lament, a collaboration with fellow Poisonous Poet Lowkey, featuring the duo rapping over a sample of Gary Jules' hit, Mad World. The song garnered major critical acclaim and especially heavy airplay for a UK hip hop track, arguably helping to increase the popularity of the genre as a whole. He has performed stand-up comedy on BBC Radio 4's 4 Stands Up where he performed a mix of stand-up and rapping. Doc Brown is the younger brother of bestselling writer Zadie Smith. On 5 May 2006 Doc Brown was featured in the BBC Radio 4 show Do You Know What You Are Saying? , a programme on the English language presented by Melvyn Bragg. The programme considered and analysed language in light of a recently developed computer system that analyses the language used by a person, and which offers percentages for its linguistic content and origins in such categories as ""Everyday English,"" ""Anglo-Saxon,"" ""Norman,"" ""Dutch"", ""Old Norse"" and so forth. Subjecting one of his songs to this analysis, Doc Brown was deemed to be using an extremely high percentage of Everyday English (over 92%), up in the realms normally only associated with ""conventional"" poets. His work also scored extremely high in Anglo-Saxon (82.9%), which did surprise him, in view of his circles of association and domestic and cultural roots (South London father, Jamaican mother). He commented that a lot of rappers are ""impossible to understand."" So, for him, the deliberate use of easily understood short words is very much to do with their rhythmic flexibility and musical potential. He describes using short words with impact as being like using a percussion instrument.",1
Niccolò_Tornioli,"Niccolò_Tornioli  2012-05-01T18:45:18Z   Niccolo Tornioli was an Italian painter. He was born in Siena in 1598 and was in Rome since 1633. In 1640s he worked for Cardinal Bernardino Spada and his brother Virgilio Spada. Most of his preserved paintings are today in Galleria Spada in Rome. He painted for the Spada chapel in the church of San Paolo in Bologna a Cain slaying Abel and a Jacob wrestling with Angel . Template:Persondata This article about an Italian painter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Niccolò_Tornioli  2013-05-10T19:04:52Z   Niccolo Tornioli was an Italian painter. He was born in Siena in 1598 and was in Rome since 1633. In 1640s he worked for Cardinal Bernardino Spada and his brother Virgilio Spada. Most of his preserved paintings are today in Galleria Spada in Rome. He painted for the Spada chapel in the church of San Paolo in Bologna a Cain slaying Abel and a Jacob wrestling with Angel . Template:Persondata This article about an Italian painter born in the 17th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
OGAE,"OGAE  2012-01-01T21:24:12Z  OGAE (French: Organisation générale des Amateurs de l'Eurovision, literally General Organization of the amateurs of Eurovision or General Organization of the fans of Eurovision) is one of the 2 major international fan club networks of the Eurovision Song Contest. It has branches in 37 European countries. Although the Eurovision Song Contest started in 1956, OGAE began only in 1984 in Finland. All countries that take part or have already taken part in the Eurovision Song Contest can have their own OGAE and most of them do, as does Lebanon. All other countries around the world are united under OGAE Rest of World, created in 2004. Every year, the organisation puts together four non-profit competitions (Song Contest, Second Chance Contest, Video Contest and Home Composed Song Contest). The purpose is to spread national popular music throughout the world and to exercise co-operation over the OGAE network of clubs, cooperation among the Eurovision Song Contest fans, promotion of the Eurovision Song Contest, and establishment of strong relations with national broadcasting companies. In 2007, Antonis Karatzikos was elected as new International Coordinator for OGAE, until 2009. In July 2009 was re-elected for the same post. He will serve until 2011. The OGAE Song Contest is an audio event in which all OGAE national clubs can enter with an original song released in the previous 12 months in their countries, and sung in one of the country's official languages. The OGAE Second Chance Contest is a video event in which the OGAE national clubs can enter if there was a televised national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest that year. The members of each club choose amongst the songs that did not win, the ones that will represent each club in the event. The OGAE Guest Jury Hits is a contest for the OGAE members that can not participate in the OGAE Second Chance Retrospective Contest, either because they didn't hold a National Final that year, or did not participate in Eurovision at that time. The OGAE Video Contest is a video event in which, much like the OGAE Song Contest, all OGAE national clubs can enter with an original song and video released in the previous 12 months in their countries. There is no obligation on the entry for the OGAE Video Contest to be sang in one of the country's official language. The OGAE Mediterranean Song Contest is a mediterranean traditional music contest, The Mediterranean countries are the participants and is also held throughout the Mediterranean. The songs are from the countries themselves and of each local culture. Second Chance,  OGAE  2013-12-28T21:16:50Z  OGAE (French: Organisation Générale des Amateurs de l'Eurovision, English: General Organisation of Eurovision Fans) is an international organisation that was founded in 1984 in Savonlinna, Finland by Jari-Pekka Koikkalainen. The organisation consists of a network of 40 Eurovision Song Contest fan clubs across Europe and beyond, and is a non-governmental, non-political, and non-profitable company. Four non-profitable competitions are organised independently every year to promote the national popular music to Eurovision fans from around the world. The international organisation works frequently in cooperation with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) in order to help promote the Eurovision Song Contest, and has also established a strong relationship with the national broadcasting companies from across the participating countries. The current President of the OGAE International Network is Maiken Mäemets from OGAE Finland, who succeeded the role in 2011 from Antonis Karatzikos of OGAE Greece. At the annual committee meeting for the board members of OGAE held on 17 May 2013 in Malmö, Sweden; Mäemets was re-elected for another 2 year term. Although the Eurovision Song Contest began in 1956, the OGAE International Network was founded by Jari-Pekka Koikkalainen in 1984 in Savonlinna, Finland. The organisation which is an independent Eurovision Fan club, operates as a non-governmental, non-political and non-profitable body; and works frequently in cooperation with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The network is open to countries that take part in the Eurovision Song Contest or have participated in the past. Several other countries around Europe and beyond that do not have their own independent OGAE Network; including Australia, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Monaco, San Marino, South Africa, and the United States of America; participate under the name 'OGAE Rest of the World'. Every year the organisation arranges four non-profitable competitions - Song Contest, Second Chance Contest, Video Contest and Home Composed Song Contest. The cooperative exercise of the OGAE Network is to raise awareness of popular national music across the world, in collaboration with the fans of the Eurovision Song Contest, as well as establishing a strenuous relationship between national broadcasting companies and the marketing of the Eurovision Song Contest itself to a wider fan-base. In 2007, Antonis Karatzikos was elected as new International Coordinator for OGAE, until 2009. In July 2009 was re-elected for the same post. In 2011, OGAE International Network became a registered organisation in France, and Maiken Mäemets was elected President. During the annual OGAE Presidents’ Meeting, which took place on 17 May 2013 at the Euro Fan Café (Moriska Paviljongen) in Malmö, Sweden; the presidents of the OGAE Clubs elected a new board for the OGAE International Network (shown below) who will maintain their roles until the next election in 2015. OGAE currently has 40 members, including two in Germany. These are: Countries that do not have an OGAE Network in their own right, but are active or associate members of the EBU are unified under the name 'Rest of the World'. The countries which constitute this OGAE Network are The Marcel Bezençon Fan Award was handed out in 2002 and 2003, and voted on by the members of OGAE, the Eurovision international fan club. It was discontinued and replaced by the Composer Award in 2004. Every year since 2007, OGAE has conducted a pre-Eurovision Contest poll in which every national club plus OGAE Rest of the World vote all entries, using the same scoring system of Eurovision Voting (the most voted songs on each club receive 1 to 8, and then 10 and 12 points, and countries can't vote for themselves). The winners of this poll are: The OGAE Song Contest is an audio event in which all OGAE national clubs can enter with an original song released in the previous 12 months in their countries, and sung in one of the country's official languages. The OGAE Second Chance Contest is a visual event which was founded in 1987 and is organised by branches of OGAE, the international fan club of the Eurovision Song Contest. Four nations competed in the first contest which took place in 1987. The contest was previously a non-televised event, but evolved over the years by the usage of video tape and nowadays DVD and Youtube. Each summer following the Eurovision Song Contest, each branch can enter one song that failed to win the country's national selection process for the annual Eurovision Song Contest. The members of each club choose amongst the songs that did not win and select one to represent the club in the event. Votes are cast by members of the OGAE clubs and are returned to the OGAE branch organising the particular year's event. Guest juries have been used to cast votes since 1993. The OGAE Video Contest is a video event in which, much like the OGAE Song Contest, all OGAE national clubs can enter with an original song and video released in the previous 12 months in their countries. There is no obligation on the entry for the OGAE Video Contest to be sang in one of the country's official language. Second Chance  Video Contest",1
Julius_Franks,"Julius_Franks  2008-06-06T19:02:13Z   Julius Franks is a former All-American guard who played football at the University of Michigan from 1941-1942. Franks wore #62 as a varsity letterman in 1941 and #63 in 1942. Franks is the first African-American Michigan Wolverines football player to become an All-American. Illness cut short his collegiate athletic career. Franks pursued a career in dentistry after Michigan. He also became an active community leader who contributed his time to public service and who helped to integrate Template:City-state by financing home construction in a majority Caucasian neighborhood. Franks was a native of Template:City-state and was named to the Template:City-state all-city team after the 1939 high school football season. After graduating from high school, he attended the University of Michigan where he became the third African-Americans to play for the Michigan Wolverines football team. In 1942, he became the first African-American at Michigan to earn All-American honors. Head coach Fritz Crisler said Franks was one of the hardest working players he ever coached. The 1942 Wolverines' offensive line that included Franks, Al Wistert, Robert Kolesar, Merv Pregulman, and Elmer Madar, was known as the ""Seven Oak Posts. "" Franks credited the group's success to playing scrimmages as rookies against the 1940 offense that included Tom Harmon, Forest Evashevski, and Bob Westfall. Franks was a 60-minute player as a junior in 1942 and was named a first-team All American. In 1943, Franks and teammate Tom Kuzma came down with tuberculosis and were hospitalized at University Hospital for 25 months as they recuperated. Franks recalled that Fritz Crisler was a regular visitor to his hospital room, and Tom Harmon also stopped to visit while on leave from military service. As a result of the hospitalization, Franks missed his senior year as a football player. In 1982, Franks was named to the University of Michigan Hall of Honor in the fifth class of inductees. Only eleven Michigan football players earned this honor before him. Franks graduated from the University of Michigan Dental School and practiced dentistry in Grand Rapids, Michigan for more than 40 years. Franks was also a leader in the Urban League, United Way, American Red Cross, Boy Scouts of America, and Rotary Club. In 1964, Michigan Governor George Romney appointed Franks to the Western Michigan University Board of Trustee. In the 1960s, Franks had a role in integrating Grand Rapids. In the early 1960s, African Americans were not welcome in Grand Rapids' ""white"" middle-class neighborhoods, and realtors would not even show them houses. In 1962, Franks' friend, J. E. Adams found vacant land designated as a potential park site. Adams, Franks, and friends Joesph Lee and Samuel Triplett created a plan to purchase the 20 acres (80,937 m2) site and build a middle-class neighborhood for African-Americans. The announcement ""caused an uproar that resulted in protests, lawsuits and threats. "" When banks refused to finance the project, the four men purchased the land on their own for $60,000 and started building. The first of 51 houses was completed in 1965. Today, the neighborhood, known as Auburn Hills (not to be confused with Template:City-state), has a population of 542 and the lowest crime rate in Grand Rapids. In 1992, Franks contracted Guillain-Barré syndrome, which forced him into retirement. In 2006, the Michigan Alumni Club gave Franks the ""Paul G. Goebel, Sr. Distinguished Alumni in Athletics Award. "",  Julius_Franks  2009-10-24T20:27:33Z   Dr. Julius Franks, Jr. (September 5, 1922 – November 26, 2008) was a civil rights leader and an All-American guard who played football at the University of Michigan from 1941 to 1942. Franks wore #62 as a varsity letterman in 1941 and #63 in 1942. Franks was the first (or second depending on the source) African-American University of Michigan player to become an All-American in football. Illness cut short his collegiate athletic career. After Michigan, Franks pursued a career in dentistry. He also became an active community leader who contributed his time to public service and who helped to integrate Template:City-state by financing home construction in a majority Caucasian neighborhood. Franks, who was born in Macon, Georgia and raised in Template:City-state, was named to the Template:City-state, all-city team after the 1939 high school football season. He is the son of Julius Franks, Sr. and Nellie Mae Solomon and father of Daryl, Cheryl, Bobby, Beverly A Grant, Fredrick. After graduating from high school, he attended the University of Michigan, where he became the third African-American to play for the Michigan Wolverines football team. In 1942, he became the first African-American at Michigan to earn All-American honors. He is described as the second to be All-American by some accounts. Head coach Fritz Crisler said Franks was one of the hardest-working players he ever coached. The 1942 Wolverines' offensive line, which included Franks, Al Wistert, Robert Kolesar, Merv Pregulman, and Elmer Madar, was known as the ""Seven Oak Posts"". Franks credited the group's success to scrimmaging as rookies against the 1940 offense that included Tom Harmon, Forest Evashevski, and Bob Westfall. Franks was played all 60 minute in his games as a junior in 1942 and was named a first-team All American by the International News Service (Hearst newspapers), Central Press, and Collier's Weekly, and a second-team All-American by the Associated Press and New York Sun. In 1943, Franks and teammate Tom Kuzma came down with tuberculosis and were hospitalized at University Hospital for 25 months as they recuperated. Franks recalled that head coach Fritz Crisler was a regular visitor to his hospital room, and team star Tom Harmon also stopped to visit while on leave from military service. As a result of the hospitalization, Franks missed his senior year as a football player. He obtained his bachelor of science degree in 1947. In 1982, Franks was named to the University of Michigan Hall of Honor in the fifth class of inductees that was inducted in 1983. He was the twelfth Michigan football player to earn this honor. In 1951, Franks earned his D. D. S. from the University of Michigan Dental School, and practiced dentistry in Grand Rapids, Michigan for more than 40 years. Franks was a leader in the Urban League, United Way, American Red Cross, Boy Scouts of America, and Rotary Club. In 1964, Michigan Governor George Romney appointed Franks to Western Michigan University's first Board of Trustees, where he served as a trustee until 1983. Franks served on several boards: Executive Communication, Vice President, President, 1951–87; Kent County Dental Society, 1951–92; Michigan & American Dental Association, 1951–96; trustee, Western Michigan University, 1964–82 (trustee emeritus, 1983); Director, Boulevard Memorial Medical Center, 1974–84; Director, United Way Kent County, 1987–92. In 1992, Franks contracted Guillain-Barré syndrome, which forced him into retirement. In the 1960s, Franks helped to integrate Grand Rapids. In the early 1960s, African Americans were not welcome in Grand Rapids' ""white"" middle-class neighborhoods, and real estate agents would not show them houses. In 1962, Franks' friend, J. E. Adams, found vacant land designated as a potential park site. Adams, Franks, and friends Joesph Lee and Samuel Triplett created a plan to purchase the 20 acres (80,937 m2) site and build a middle-class neighborhood for African-Americans. The announcement ""caused an uproar that resulted in protests, lawsuits and threats. "" When banks refused to finance the project, the four men purchased the land on their own for $60,000 and started building. The first of 51 houses was completed in 1965. Today, the neighborhood, known as Auburn Hills (not to be confused with Template:City-state), has a population of 542 and the lowest crime rate in Grand Rapids. In 2006, the Michigan Alumni Club gave Franks the ""Paul G. Goebel, Sr. Distinguished Alumni in Athletics Award"". In later years, Franks was also a leader with the Urban League, United Way and other groups.",0
"Stoke_railway_station,_Tasman_Region","Stoke_railway_station,_Tasman_Region  2017-12-08T17:24:53Z   Stoke railway station was a single-platform provincial railway station serving the town of Stoke, south of Nelson in New Zealand’s South Island. It was one of 25 stations on the Nelson Section, and existed from 1876 to 1955. Facilities at the station included a small wooden station building, a thirty-one wagon loop, a loading bank and stockyards. The first section of the Nelson Section to be built was from Stoke to Foxhill, as the route for this part of the line was the first to be confirmed while the route out of Nelson was still being debated. This included the construction of the Stoke railway station, which was opened along with the first completed section from Nelson to Foxhill on 29 January 1876. The first ""turning-of-the-first-sod"" ceremony on the Nelson Section was held at Saxton’s Field, just south of Stoke, and this location, along with the Stoke racecourse, would become some of the first destinations for excursion trains. In later years, the station became popular with racecourse patrons and students commuting to secondary school in Nelson. One notable feature of Stoke is the fact that it was the only location on the Nelson Section where the mainline rail was heavier than the standard 53 pounds per yard, at 70 pounds per yard. This station was closed for three days in June 1954 until the Nelson Section was granted a reprieve, and closed permanently on 3 September 1955. When work started on the Nelson section in the 19th century, Stoke was a small township south of Nelson where one of the main commercial activities was fruit husbandry. In the decades that followed the closure of the railway, the orchards were supplanted by suburban growth from Nelson, and Stoke is now no longer a separate entity. Whereas Stoke railway station was once surrounded by empty paddocks, the site is now in the midst of houses. ,  Stoke_railway_station,_Tasman_Region  2020-11-22T08:23:55Z   Stoke railway station was a single-platform provincial railway station serving the town of Stoke, south of Nelson in New Zealand’s South Island. It was one of 25 stations on the Nelson Section, and existed from 1876 to 1955. Facilities at the station included a small wooden station building, a thirty-one wagon loop, a loading bank and stockyards. The first section of the Nelson Section to be built was from Stoke to Foxhill, as the route for this part of the line was the first to be confirmed while the route out of Nelson was still being debated. This included the construction of the Stoke railway station, which was opened along with the first completed section from Nelson to Foxhill on 29 January 1876. The first ""turning-of-the-first-sod"" ceremony on the Nelson Section was held at Saxton’s Field, just south of Stoke, and this location, along with the Stoke racecourse, would become some of the first destinations for excursion trains. In later years, the station became popular with racecourse patrons and students commuting to secondary school in Nelson. One notable feature of Stoke is the fact that it was the only location on the Nelson Section where the mainline rail was heavier than the standard 53 pounds per yard, at 70 pounds per yard. This station was closed for three days in June 1954 until the Nelson Section was granted a reprieve, and closed permanently on 3 September 1955. When work started on the Nelson section in the 19th century, Stoke was a small township south of Nelson where one of the main commercial activities was fruit husbandry. In the decades that followed the closure of the railway, the orchards were supplanted by suburban growth from Nelson, and Stoke is now no longer a separate entity. Whereas Stoke railway station was once surrounded by empty paddocks, the site is now in the midst of houses.",0
Schech's_Mill,"Schech's_Mill  2013-01-05T02:11:47Z   The Schech Mill is a historic mill located in Houston County, Minnesota, United States. It is one of three watermills in Minnesota still operating solely with water power and the only one to have its original millstone. Built by John Blinn in 1876, it was purchased by a Minneapolis miller, Michael Schech who had emigrated from Bavaria, Germany. The mill produced cornmeal, rye buckwheat, wheat flour, graham flour, and whole wheat cereal, which was sold in Caledonia and Houston, Minnesota. In 1922 a concrete dam was built to replace the original wooden one. Schech Mill is situated in the Driftless Area—a region of the American Midwest noted for its deeply carved river valleys. Private tours of the mill can be arranged most summer weekends which include an authentic flour grinding demonstration. ,  Schech's_Mill  2016-06-04T05:32:29Z   The Schech Mill is a historic mill located in Houston County, Minnesota, United States. It is one of three watermills in Minnesota still operating solely with water power and the only one to have its original millstone. Built by John Blinn in 1876, it was purchased by a Minneapolis miller, Michael Schech who had emigrated from Bavaria, Germany. The mill produced cornmeal, rye buckwheat, wheat flour, graham flour, and whole wheat cereal, which was sold in Caledonia and Houston, Minnesota. In 1922 a concrete dam was built to replace the original wooden one. Schech Mill is situated in the Driftless Area—a region of the American Midwest noted for its deeply carved river valleys. Private tours of the mill can be arranged most summer weekends which include an authentic flour grinding demonstration.",0
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.,"Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2012-01-06T15:54:35Z  Tianjin Teda FC (Chinese: 天津泰达足球俱乐部; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá zúqiú jùlèbù) is a Chinese football club based in Tianjin and owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area). The club was founded in 1957, and took on its current identity in 1998, becoming Jia B Champions that same year. They currently play in the Chinese Super League. Teda's home stadium is the 37,450 seat capacity TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. The current head coach position is open after former head coach Arie Haan left after season 2011. Assistant coaches include former team captain Wang Xiao (王霄) , former midfielder Liu Xueyu (刘学宇) and former goalkeeper of national team Fu Bin (符宾). Evidence recently suggested that Tianjin had paid some officers and referees of China Football Association bribes (12 million Yuans) to avoid being demoted to the lower level league. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. All-Time League rankings no league games in 1959, 1966–72, and 1975; Tianjin didn't compete in 1992 Jia B but had kept their spot in the league FA Cup results CSL Cup results TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. squad blank column Source: http://www.fa.org.cn  Champions League,  Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.  2013-12-30T17:54:28Z  Tianjin Teda Football Club (simplified Chinese: 天津泰达; traditional Chinese: 天津泰達; pinyin: Tiānjīn Tàidá) is a professional Chinese football club based in Tianjin and are owned by the TEDA Group. (The club name is derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area). They currently participates in the Chinese Super League while their home stadium is the 37,450 capacity seater TEDA Football Stadium which is located in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. Their current head coach is Alexandre Guimarães, the assistant coaches include former team captain Wang Xiao (王霄), former midfielder Liu Xueyu (刘学宇) and former goalkeeper of the Chinese national team Fu Bin (符宾). The club's predecessor was called Tianjin Football Club and they predominantly played in the top tier, where they won several domestic league and cup titles. In 1993, the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football Club. Since then, they have won one Chinese FA Cup Championship and has participated in several AFC Champions League competitions. The club has also set up a sister-city relationship with Australian A-League Club, Melbourne Victory. In 2007, the two clubs played off in the Lord Mayor's Cup, which has become an annual offseason match between the two clubs. The clubs first incarnation came in 1951 when the local government sports body decided to take part in China's first fully nationalized football league tournament and decided to merge the best players from Beijing and Tianjin to create the North China team who ended up finishing fourth in their debut season. With the football league gradually expanding the team were allowed to separate themselves from Beijing and the local government sports body were allowed to reformed the club as Tianjin football club to take part in the expanding 1957 Chinese national football league tournament where they ended the campaign as runners-up at the end of the season. By 1959 the club would hire from within and promoted former team captain Zeng Xuelin as their manager who would return this good faith by winning the 1960 league title as well as the Chinese FA Cup. For the next several seasons Tianjin would now become regular title contenders, however the Cultural Revolution halted football within the country and when it returned Zeng Xuelin had already left to join the Beijing football team set-up. The club brought in Sun Xiafeng to manage the team and he would make sure Tianjin were still a force within the league when he guided the club to runners-up spot at the end of the 1974 league season, where they narrowly lost the league title to August 1st football team on goal difference. His reign at the club was, however short lived and it wasn't until Tianjin brought in Yan Dejun in 1977 before the club would taste any further success. While his first few seasons were not particularly eventful he would go on to assemble a team built-up of young local players such as Lu Hongxiang, Zuo Shusheng and Chen Jingang. The players he assembled would go on to mature in the 1980 league season when Tianjin won the league title at the end of the campaign after a twenty-year wait. With Tianjin allowed to field a B team within the second tier the club would now have a steady supply of youngsters coming into the team to fight for places, which made sure the 1980 title win wasn't a one-off when the club won the 1983 North League title. This would, however be Yan Dejun's last piece of silverware with the club and despite coming close on several occasions he would leave the team in 1987. It was also during this period that the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from all the Chinese teams, unfortunately for the club was transitional period for the team and they were relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1991 league season. Strangely enough the clubs management decided to miss the 1992 league season and spent the whole year in the Netherlands preparing the squad for full professionalism, which the club converted to in 1993. With the Chinese football leagues fully professional by 1994, Tianjin brought in Lin Xinjiang to manage the club, where he guided them to a runners-up position and promotion back into the top tier at the end of the season. With the club back in the top tier, they soon gained their first sponsorship deal with Samsung in 1995 while on the field they achieved enough to remain within the league until Lin Xinjiang left the club and they were soon relegated to the second tier once again at the end of the 1997 league season. On February 16, 1998, the TEDA Group (derived from the initials of Tianjin Economic - Technological Development Area) took over the club for 50 million yuan, along with lower league local rivals Tianjin Vanke, to form Tianjin Teda for the start of the 1998 Chinese league season. The club would bring in their first ever foreign coach and immediately win promotion back to the top tier by winning the division title. The club struggled to remain within the top division and often found themselves in the lower half of the league; while this may have been enough to avoid relegation for the previous seasons, the Chinese Football Association decided to employ an averaging system for the 2003 league campaign, which would also take into account the 2002 league results. It would look like the club would be relegated once again unless they beat title chasers Shanghai International on the final league game of the season. It was discovered that the result was too good to be true and that the general manager Yang Yifeng bribed the Shanghai International players Shen Si, Qi Hong, Jiang Jin and Li Ming (1975) to forfeit the game. With the Chinese FA attempting to clean up its image over match-fixing, they decided that despite the incidents taking place over 10 years ago, it would retroactively punish the club on February 18, 2013, with a 1 million Yuan fine and a 6-point deduction at the beginning of the 2013 Chinese Super League season. While Tianjin remained in the Chinese top tier while it re-branded itself as the Chinese Super League, they achieved little until the club brought in former player Zuo Shusheng to manage the team during the 2008 league season, when he revitalised the team and guided the club to their first ever entry to the AFC Champions League. At the beginning of the 2009 league season, the club brought in Li Guangyi as their new general manager; however, on August 18, the players went on strike during a training session after it was discovered he wanted to change the club's pay system, which would have shrunken the player wages, and it wasn't until the club's owner Liu Huiwen heard the players' representatives before the strike ended. After the strike, the leaders of it such as Chinese internationals Yang Jun and Han Yanming and Chinese U-23 player Tan Wangsong would be frozen out of the team and eventually released, while back on the field the club's results declined as they were unable to replicate the previous season's achievements. By the following season, the club would bring in former Chinese international manager Arie Haan, where he guided the club to a runners-up spot at the end of the 2010 league season. He would then guide the club to a last 16 position within the 2011 AFC Champions League and then lead the club to win their first piece of professional silverware when they won the 2011 Chinese FA Cup. All-Time League rankings no league games in 1959, 1966–72, and 1975; Tianjin didn't compete in 1992 Jia B but had kept their spot in the league FA Cup results CSL Cup results TEDA Football Stadium (Chinese: 泰达足球场) is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. As of 8 March 2013 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: http://www.fa.org.cn U-19 Team U-15 Team China Africa Asia Europe Central America South America Semi-pro seasons： Professional seasons:  Champions League",1
Sanjeeb_Choudhury,"Sanjeeb_Choudhury  2008-03-22T18:48:20Z   Sanjeeb Choudhury (Bengali: সঞ্জীব চৌধুরী) (December 25, 1962 - November 19, 2007) was a Bangladeshi singer, lyricist and journalist. He is one of the two main member of famous Bengali Band Dalchhut with Bappa Mazumder. Sanjeeb was instrumental in Dalchhut's four albums and wrote and tuned many songs with his singing and has one solo album named Swapnobaji. He is also a famous journalist and worked for the newspaper Ajker Kagoj, Bhorer Kagoj and Jaijaidin. On November 19, 2007, he died at the Intensive Care Unit of Apollo Hospital in Dhaka after a sudden sickness on 15 November 2007. He was an activist during the mass upsurge against the autocratic regime of Hossain Mohammad Ershad. Sanjeeb Choudhury was born at Baniachang Upazila in Habiganj on 25 December 1962. He graduated from the journalism department of Dhaka University and orgainsed various cultural programs and taught his classmates many songs during his time at the university. During the mass movement against Ershad his poems gained popularity as he was known to his Dhaka University colleagues as Sanjeebda or Brother Sanjeeb. He initially sang at a band group named Shongkhochil. During the mid 90's he and Bappa Mazumder formed their band Dalchhut which within a short time gained immense popularity. In 1996, Dalchhut released their first album Ahh. The duet song in the album Shada Moila Rongila Pale become an instant hit. Dalchhut's second album was Hridoypur, which happened to be their most popular album. In the album Bappa and Sanjeeb sang the song Gari Chole Na of Shah Abdul Karim which was shown on famous magazine Ittadi. Sanjeeb's solo Ami Tomakei Bole Debo was another popular song of that album. In Dalchhut's third album Aakaashchuri, folk tuned song Bioscope was again shown on Ittadi and became famous. Sanjeeb's solo album Swapnobaji was released in 2005. In 2007, Dalchhut's final album Jochhnabihar was released after a long break. Sanjeeb wrote the title song Jochhnabihar and tuned and sang some others. After his graduation from the journalism department of Dhaka University, Sanjeeb Choudhury worked in a number of dailies. He started off at ""Ajker Kagoj"" and later joined 'Bhorer Kagoj"" and established himself as a feature writer. He was the departmental editor of Mela which was a popular supplement of the paper. Subsequently he became the editor of Istikutum and Pathok Forum which brought the readers of the newspaper to a place where they had the chance to express their views. He taught and trained many young journalists and run many workshops. He also worked in Jaijaidin for a while.,  Sanjeeb_Choudhury  2010-01-28T19:45:36Z   Sanjeeb Choudhury (Bengali: সঞ্জীব চৌধুরী Shonjib Choudhuri) (December 25, 1962 - November 19, 2007) was a Bangladeshi singer, lyricist and journalist. He is one of the two main members of famous Bengali Band Dalchhut with Bappa Mazumder. Sanjeeb was the composer in Dalchhut's four albums and wrote and tuned many songs with his popular voice and has one solo album named Swapnobaji. He is also a famous journalist and worked for the newspaper Ajker Kagoj, Bhorer Kagoj and Jaijaidin. On November 19, 2007, he died at the Intensive Care Unit of Apollo Hospital in Dhaka after a sudden sickness on 15 November 2007. He was an activist during the mass upsurge against the autocratic regime of Hossain Mohammad Ershad. Sanjeeb Choudhury was born at Baniachang Upazila in Habiganj on 25 December 1962. He graduated from the journalism department of Dhaka University and orgainsed various cultural programs and taught his classmates how to sing during his time at the university. During the mass movement against Ershad his poems gained popularity as he was known to his Dhaka University colleagues as Sanjeebda or Brother Sanjeeb. He initially sang at a band group named Shongkhochil. During the mid 90's he and Bappa Mazumder formed their band Dalchhut which within a short time gained immense popularity. In 1996, Dalchhut released their first album Ahh. The duet song in the album Shada Moila Rongila Pale become an instant hit. Dalchhut's second album was Hridoypur, which happened to be their most popular album. In the album Bappa and Sanjeeb sang the song Gari Chole Na of Shah Abdul Karim which was shown on famous magazine Ittadi. Sanjeeb's solo Ami Tomakei Bole Debo was another popular song of that album. In Dalchhut's third album Aakaashchuri, folk tuned song Bioscope was again shown on Ittadi and became famous. Sanjeeb's solo album Swapnobaji was released in 2005. In 2007, Dalchhut's final album Jochhnabihar was released after a long break. Sanjeeb wrote the title song Jochhnabihar and tuned and sang some others. After his graduation from the journalism department of Dhaka University, Sanjeeb Choudhury worked in a number of dailies. He started off at ""Ajker Kagoj"" and later joined ""Bhorer Kagoj"" and established himself as a feature writer. He was the departmental editor of Mela which was a popular supplement of the paper. Subsequently he became the editor of Istikutum and Pathok Forum which brought the readers of the newspaper to a place where they had the chance to express their views. He taught and trained many young journalists and run many workshops. He also worked in Jaijaidin for a while. His nickname was Kajal, kept by his family. He suffered and survived an accident during the release of the first Dalchhut album ""Ahh"". He loved having ""panta-bhaat"". His last released songs after his death are ""Kingbodonti"", named after his daughter, and ""Jochhnaduari"", available in the album ""Surjosnane chol"" by Bappa Mazumder. [[DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Sanjeeb}}",0
Kim Mi-kyung,"Kim Mi-kyung  2013-12-14T02:51:31Z  Kim Mi-kyung ( 김미경 ) (born 14 October 1966) is South Korean actress who stared The Heirs as Cha Eun-sang's mother,  Kim Mi-kyung  2014-11-21T17:18:46Z  name Kim Mi-kyung (born October 14, 1963) is a South Korean actress. She is most active as a supporting actress in television dramas. Kim has been a member of the Yeonwoo Mudae theater company since 1985.",1
Wes Foderingham,"Wes Foderingham  2019-01-09T16:20:17Z  Wesley Andrew Foderingham (born 14 January 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scottish Premiership club Rangers. He is a former England U19 international. Foderingham was with Fulham and Crystal Palace as a young player, but did not make a league appearance for either club. After playing on loan for a number of non-league clubs, he signed for Swindon Town and made over 160 appearances in the Football League for the Wiltshire club. In July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with Scottish club Rangers upon being released by Swindon. Foderingham was born in Hammersmith, London. He started with Fulham in their youth squad before moving on loan to Bromley. After being released by Fulham, Foderingham signed his first professional contract with Crystal Palace in August 2010, before going on loan with Histon in March 2011. In October 2011 he signed on loan with Swindon Town until January 2012 to cover for injured keeper Phil Smith, making his debut on 15 October 2011 against Accrington Stanley. During his time on loan in 15 games for Swindon, Foderingham conceded just six goals and kept nine clean sheets. This prompted Swindon manager Paolo Di Canio to buy the keeper for an undisclosed sum on 6 January 2012, on a contract running until July 2014. There were fears that such a record would prompt other clubs to beat Swindon Town to his signature, but Foderingham had no doubt in his mind which club he wanted to sign for. Following an abject performance against Stoke City in the League Cup, in which Swindon won 4–3, he was substituted for Leigh Bedwell in the very next game after twenty-one minutes, with Swindon two goals down. Foderingham reacted angrily to his substitution; kicking a water bottle as he left the pitch and refusing to acknowledge his manager. Manager Di Canio then publicly criticised Foderingham after the game and claimed that if he did not apologise for his actions, he would be 'out' of the club. Foderingham later issued an apology, which was accepted by Di Canio. Foderingham was released by Swindon Town at the end of the 2014–15 season upon the expiry of his contract. On 3 July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with then Scottish Championship club Rangers. He made his debut for the Ibrox club in a 6–2 win over Hibernian in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup and was Rangers' first choice goalkeeper over Cammy Bell under new Rangers manager Mark Warburton. On 19 July 2016, Foderingham extended his contract with Rangers for another year until 2019. In July 2018, under new Manager Steven Gerrard, Foderingham became second-choice goalkeeper largely due to the return of Allan McGregor to the Rangers team after a six year absence. Foderingham made his first appearance of the season for Rangers in a 3-1 win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup. Foderingham has represented England at various levels including England U19s. He is a supporter of Newcastle United. Swindon Town Rangers Individual,  Wes Foderingham  2020-12-30T00:51:49Z  Wesley Andrew Foderingham (born 14 January 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club Sheffield United. He is a former England U19 international. Foderingham was with Fulham and Crystal Palace as a young player, but did not make a league appearance for either club. After playing on loan for a number of non-league clubs, he signed for Swindon Town and made over 160 appearances in the Football League for the Wiltshire club. In July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with Scottish club Rangers upon being released by Swindon. Foderingham was born in Hammersmith, Greater London. He started with Fulham in their youth squad before moving on loan to Bromley. After being released by Fulham, Foderingham signed his first professional contract with Crystal Palace in August 2010, before going on loan with Histon in March 2011. In October 2011 he signed on loan with Swindon Town until January 2012 to cover for injured keeper Phil Smith, making his debut on 15 October 2011 against Accrington Stanley. During his time on loan in 15 games for Swindon, Foderingham conceded just six goals and kept nine clean sheets. This prompted Swindon manager Paolo Di Canio to buy the keeper for an undisclosed sum on 6 January 2012, on a contract running until July 2014. There were fears that such a record would prompt other clubs to beat Swindon Town to his signature, but Foderingham had no doubt in his mind which club he wanted to sign for. Following an abject performance against Stoke City in the League Cup, in which Swindon won 4–3, he was substituted for Leigh Bedwell in the very next game after twenty-one minutes, with Swindon two goals down. Foderingham reacted angrily to his substitution; kicking a water bottle as he left the pitch and refusing to acknowledge his manager. Manager Di Canio then publicly criticised Foderingham after the game and claimed that if he did not apologise for his actions, he would be 'out' of the club. Foderingham later issued an apology, which was accepted by Di Canio. Foderingham was released by Swindon Town at the end of the 2014–15 season upon the expiry of his contract. On 3 July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with then Scottish Championship club Rangers. He made his debut for the Ibrox club in a 6–2 win over Hibernian in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup and was Rangers' first choice goalkeeper over Cammy Bell under new Rangers manager Mark Warburton. On 19 July 2016, Foderingham extended his contract with Rangers for another year until 2019. In July 2018, under new Manager Steven Gerrard, Foderingham became second-choice goalkeeper largely due to the return of Allan McGregor to the Rangers team after a six-year absence. Foderingham made his first appearance of the season for Rangers in a 3–1 win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup. On 19 May 2020 it was announced that he would leave Rangers at the end of May when his contract ended. Foderingham joined Premier League club Sheffield United on 17 July 2020 on a three-year contract. Foderingham has represented England at various levels including England U19s. He is a supporter of Newcastle United. Swindon Town Rangers Individual",1
Bob_Margarita,"Bob_Margarita  2008-07-25T23:16:34Z   Henry Robert Margarita (born November 3, 1920 in Boston, MA) was an American football running back and coach. He was a two-time honorable mention All-American at Brown University, once rushing for 233 yards against Columbia University, the fourth-highest single-game rushing total in school history. Margarita played for the Chicago Bears from 1944 to 1946, leading the team in rushing in 1945. Following his playing career, he took the head coaching job at Georgetown University, compiling a 7-12 record in two seasons (1949-1950) and leading the Hoyas to the Sun Bowl in his first season. After a disappointing 2-7 record in his second season, the university decided to disband the football team, citing travel expenses and high rent at Griffith Stadium. Margarita would be the last Hoya football coach until 1964, when the sport was revived at the club level. Margarita continued his football coaching career at Stoneham High School in Stoneham, Massachusetts. This biographical article relating to an American football coach is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Bob_Margarita  2009-08-26T16:52:23Z   {{NFL. com player}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata. Henry Robert Margarita (born November 3, 1920 in Boston, MA - died July 28, 2008) was an American football running back and coach. He was a two-time honorable mention All-American at Brown University, once rushing for 233 yards against Columbia University, the fourth-highest single-game rushing total in school history. Margarita played for the Chicago Bears from 1944 to 1946, leading the team in rushing in 1945. Following his playing career, he took the head coaching job at Georgetown University, compiling a 7-12 record in two seasons (1949-1950) and leading the Hoyas to the Sun Bowl in his first season. After a disappointing 2-7 record in his second season, the university decided to disband the football team, citing travel expenses and high rent at Griffith Stadium. Margarita would be the last Hoya football coach until 1964, when the sport was revived at the club level. This biographical article relating to an American football coach is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Bow_draw,"Bow_draw  2009-05-11T05:34:07Z   A bow draw is the method used to draw a bow. Currently, the most common method is the Mediterranean Draw, long the usual method in European archery. Other methods include the Pinch Draw and the Mongolian Draw. The pinch draw squeezes the end of the arrow between the thumb and index finger. Most people use this draw naturally when they first start shooting. The advantage of this draw is that the release is very ""clean""; when the pull reaches a certain point, friction can no longer hold the arrow and it flies free. However, this release prevents the drawing of a stiff bow unless the archer possesses enormous strength in the fingers. It was widespread in traditional archery in the Americas and is seen (with the Mediterranean draw) in the earlier Assyrian reliefs of Ashurnasirpal II. The arrow may be placed on either side of the bow. In the ""secondary release"" the forefinger and thumb pinch the arrow end as in the primary release. Additionally, the middle and ring fingers are used to hold the string. This is further developed in the ""tertiary release""; the forefinger not only presses on the arrow end, but also grasps the string. These variants were also used in the Americas, appear on the reliefs of Sennacherib and have been described from Thailand and the Andaman Islands. It may be used by Scythian archers depicted on Greek Black-figure pottery. This is accomplished by the forefinger on the string above the arrow, and the middle and ring finger on the string below the arrow. The arrow is normally placed on the left side of the bow. The modern thought on the draw is to keep effort in the hand at a minimum. The only work the hand is to do is the effort required to keep the bowstring on the fingers. The wrist is to be either straight or flexed away from the archer. This allows for the least tension in the hand, and thus a faster relaxation of the hand at release. This generally results in a more accurate and consistent shot. The Mediterranean draw or its variants are the only traditional form attested in Europe; they are also native to the Middle East, appearing on Assyrian carvings at all periods. At present this is by far the most popular method of drawing a bow. It is now used by almost all recurve, traditional, and bare bow shooters. There are variations of this that include the use of only two fingers. This may allow for a more clean release. However, more effort is put on the two fingers, resulting in more strain. Currently, this draw method is little used. It has been described in use by Eskimo archers, and appears on Sassanian royal pictures. Barebow and longbow archers often have the index, middle and ring fingers on the string all below the arrow. This brings the arrow closer to the eye, facilitating ""point of aim"" and instinctive shooting, and allows the archer to use the ""string walking"" aiming technique. The Mongolian Draw uses only the thumb, the strongest single digit, to grasp the string. Around the back of the thumb, the index and/or middle fingers reinforce the grip. This is traditional across the Asian steppes, extending to Korea, China, and recent Persia. It was also used by Ishi, the last of the Yana, with his short bows. It gives a narrower grip on the string, as only one digit is used, and this may help to avoid ""string pinch"" with shorter bows such as the composite bows normally used from horseback. It may also avoid a problem occasionally faced by archers using the Mediterranean release, when the three fingers do not release at exactly the same time and thus foul the draw. This release is normally used with the arrow on the right side of the bow. Protective equipment is normally used to protect the skin of the digits used. For the Mediterranean draw, the fingers may be protected with shooting gloves or by finger tabs. A shooting glove is a three-fingered glove that goes on the primary hand of the shooter. Models range from full-finger leather to gloves that only cover the tips of the fingers. These gloves are used mostly by traditional and bare bow shooters. Finger tabs are pieces of material that are attached via leather straps or holes to the middle finger. For amateurs a plain tab made of leather is a simple, cheap, and still highly effective protection for the fingers. Thumb rings or leather thumb tabs are used by archers practising the Mongolian release. Most cover and protect the skin of the thumb only. The Japanese yugake is a reinforced glove with a special ridge which holds the string. In the past 25 years, with the advent of the Compound bow, mechanical releases have become popular. The mechanism is usually attached to the wrist; it holds the string, and releases it when triggered. They offer a cleaner release and require no finger strength. However, finger releases must be used for bows other than compounds in most tournaments (including the International Archery Federation) and thus are still widely used. Ancient and modern methods of arrow-release. Edward S. Morse, Director, Peabody Academy of Science. Bulletin of the Essex Institute vol. XVII Oct-Dec 1885. Reprinted 2002 by the Dyfi Valley Bookshop. ,  Bow_draw  2011-07-18T04:48:17Z   A bow draw is the method used to draw a bow. Currently, the most common method is the Mediterranean draw, long the usual method in European archery. Other methods include the pinch draw and the Mongolian draw. The pinch draw squeezes the end of the arrow between the thumb and index finger. Most people use this draw naturally when they first start shooting. The advantage of this draw is that the release is very clean; when the pull reaches a certain point, friction can no longer hold the arrow and it flies free. However, this release prevents the drawing of a stiff bow unless the archer possesses enormous strength in the fingers. It was widespread in traditional archery in the Americas and is seen (with the Mediterranean draw) in the earlier Assyrian reliefs of Ashurnasirpal II. The arrow may be placed on either side of the bow. In the ""secondary release"" the forefinger and thumb pinch the arrow end as in the primary release. Additionally, the middle and ring fingers are used to hold the string. This is further developed in the ""tertiary release""; the forefinger not only presses on the arrow end, but also grasps the string. These variants were also used in the Americas, appear on the reliefs of Sennacherib and have been described from Thailand and the Andaman Islands. It may be used by Scythian archers depicted on Greek black-figure pottery. This is accomplished by the forefinger on the string above the arrow, and the middle and ring finger on the string below the arrow. The arrow is normally placed on the left side of the bow. The modern thought on the draw is to keep effort in the hand at a minimum. The only work the hand is to do is the effort required to keep the bowstring on the fingers. The wrist is to be either straight or flexed away from the archer. This allows for the least tension in the hand, and thus a faster relaxation of the hand at release. This generally results in a more accurate and consistent shot. The Mediterranean draw or its variants is the only traditional form attested in Europe; it is also native to the Middle East, appearing on Assyrian carvings at all periods. The Hadza, who do not use quivers, may hold other arrows with the free thumb and little finger. At present this is by far the most popular method of drawing a bow. It is now used by almost all recurve, traditional, and bare-bow shooters. There are variations of this that include the use of only two fingers. This may allow for a cleaner release. However, more pressure is put on the two fingers, resulting in more strain. Currently, this draw method is little used. It has been described in use by Eskimo archers, and appears on Sassanian royal pictures. Barebow and longbow archers often have the index, middle and ring fingers on the string all below the arrow. This brings the arrow closer to the eye, facilitating ""point of aim"" and instinctive shooting, and allows the archer to use the ""string walking"" aiming technique. The Turkish draw, or thumb draw, uses only the thumb, the strongest single digit, to grasp the string. Around the back of the thumb, the index and/or middle fingers reinforce the grip. This is traditional across the Asian steppes, extending to Korea, China, Russia and recent Persia. It was also used by Ishi, the last of the Yana, with his short bows. It gives a narrower grip on the string, as only one digit is used, and this may help to avoid ""string pinch"" with shorter bows such as the composite bows normally used from horseback. It may also avoid a problem occasionally faced by archers using the Mediterranean release, when the three fingers do not release at exactly the same time and thus foul the draw. This release is normally used with the arrow on the right side of the bow for a right-handed archer, and on the left side of the bow for a left-handed archer. Protective equipment is normally used to protect the skin of the digits used. For the Mediterranean draw, the fingers may be protected with shooting gloves or by finger tabs. A shooting glove is a three-fingered glove that goes on the primary hand of the shooter. Models range from full-finger leather to gloves that only cover the tips of the fingers. These gloves are used mostly by traditional and bare-bow shooters. Finger tabs are pieces of material that are attached via leather straps or holes to the middle finger. For amateurs a plain tab made of leather is a simple, cheap, and still highly effective protection for the fingers. Thumb rings or leather thumb tabs are used by archers practising the Mongolian release. Most cover and protect the skin of the thumb only. The Japanese yugake is a reinforced glove with a special ridge which holds the string. In the past 25 years, with the advent of the compound bow, mechanical releases have become popular. The mechanism is usually attached to the wrist; it holds the string, and releases it when triggered. They offer a cleaner release and require no finger strength. However, finger releases must be used for bows other than compounds in most tournaments (including the International Archery Federation) and thus are still widely used. Ancient and modern methods of arrow-release. Edward S. Morse, Director, Peabody Academy of Science. Bulletin of the Essex Institute vol. XVII Oct-Dec 1885. Reprinted 2002 by the Dyfi Valley Bookshop.",0
C.S. Marítimo,"C.S. Marítimo  2008-01-03T01:22:12Z  Club Sport Marítimo, or just Marítimo (pron. IPA: , locally ), is a Portuguese sports club best-known for its football team that plays at the Estádio dos Barreiros in Funchal, Madeira Islands. They are the biggest club on the island of Madeira, overshadowing their neighbours from the Choupana Hills district, C.D. Nacional. Their most recent foray into European competition came in 2004-05, when Gustavo Manduca's calm finish gave them a 1-0 lead after the first leg of the UEFA Cup first-round tie against Rangers F.C.. They went out on penalties after a tense second leg, but still maintain a formidable home record against European opposition, beating the heavyweights Leeds United F.C. whilst said club were in their heyday. Marítimo are now regarded as one of the top 6 or 7 clubs in Portugal, and are widely known throughout the Portuguese speaking world, in countries such as Brazil, Angola and Mozambique. The club's reserve team, C.S. Marítimo B, compete in the Portuguese Second Division. Founded on September 20, 1910 as Club Português de Sport Marítimo, by Cândido Fernandes de Gouveia, the club adopted the red and green colours of the new Republican flag of Portugal, so as to distinguish themselves from rivals Club Sports da Madeira, who used the blue and white colours of the old Monarchy flag, which had been replaced 15 days earlier. The name Marítimo, meaning Maritime in English, was used to reflect the fact that many of the team's players were workers of the nearby Funchal docks, a prominent employer at the time. The first ever match for Marítimo was a 2-1 win against Santa Clara, a select team comprised of workers of Western Telegraph Company, and soon after began playing teams of sailors from visiting British ships. José Rodrigues Barrinhas, an old fashioned attacking centre-half, made a name for himself in these games and in matches against the rivals CS Madeira. Marítimo's main local rivals are C.D. Nacional, although there is also plenty of ill-felling towards minnows C.F. União, who are effectively the 'third club of Madeira' after the aforementioned. The Madeira derby between Marítimo and Nacional is often associated with the clubs' followers' differing culture and way of life. The fans of Nacional da Madeira, being of a higher socio-economic status than those of Marítimo, are mainly lobbyists for the commercial expansion of Madeira, but the working class Marítimo followers are keen to preserve Madeira. This only exacerbates the ill-feeling between the clubs, which is made even more tense by the fact that controversial regional governor Alberto João Jardim is a self-confessed fan of Marítimo. The rivalry heightened in the mid-1990s when Jardim proposed a plan to unite Madeira's three main clubs, who at the time were all competing in the top division. Nacional and União both pledged their support for the scheme, in a bid for Madeira to realistically contend with the ""Big Three"" for the League title, however Marítimo's fans rejected the idea in mass numbers, stamping their superiority on Madeira's footballing scene. A lesser rivalry is also enjoyed between Marítimo, and indeed Madeira's other main clubs, and C.D. San4a Clara, who hail from the Czores archipelago. Thg ""derby of the islands"" is ra2ely contended, {et there is usu! lly plenty of ckmpetitireness in the battle to come out as the 'top island'. Marítimo are known throughout the Portuguese speaking world and have significant fan bases in the former Portuguese colonies of Brazil, Angola and Cape Verde, as well as areas of North East United States, ], the United Kingdom (Specifically Jersey and London) and South Africa. The club also has a big fans base in Venezuela with sister club Club Sport Marítimo de Venezuela from Caracas, Venezuela, becoming National Champions on several occasions. The club was founded in 1959 by Portuguese immigrants living in Caracas, who based their new club on their favourite team from back home in Madeira. Even today, strong ties are kept between both clubs and supporters from either side of the Atlantic ocean. Closer to home, the club has a proud reputation of being one of the most supported clubs in Portugal after the Big three, and the most popular club on their home island of Madeira, outranking local rivals Nacional and União. The club has over 35,000 registered members (sócios) and two predominant groups of Ultras, the Esquadrão Maritimista and the Ultras Templários, the bigger and more infamous of the two. There are several famous fans of Marítimo who have publicly declared their support for the team on various occasions, none more famous than Madeira's favourite son Cristiano Ronaldo, who is a registered sócio and friend of current President Carlos Pereira (Even though he played for the youth teams of fierce rivals Nacional). Other celebrated figures associated with the club include multimillionaire businessman Joe Berardo and Madeira's Regional Governor, the controversial politician Alberto João Jardim. The club was used a political vehicle in the 1970s during Madeira's fight for freedom and autonomy from mainland Portugal. Governor Jardim proclaimed his support of the club in order to gain votes and the backing from the people of Madeira, while the people in-turn supported Marítimo as a symbol of their pride and allegiance to Madeira. Ever since, the club have enjoyed the status as the island's most popular team (""Equipa maior das ilhas""). Previously playing at the Campo do Almirante Reis until they moved out in 1957, Marítimo currently play their home games at the Estádio dos Barreiros, the municipality stadium of Funchal. Although uniquely picturesque, the stadium is rapidly ageing despite numerous facelifts over the years and, for the best part of a decade, the club has sought after an alternative site for a new stadium. In October 2006, it was announced that the club would construct a new state-of-the-art stadium in the Praia Formosa area of West Funchal, named Estádio do Marítimo. However after several delays and a political war over funding and planning, the stadium plans were put on hold indefinitely, adding to a list of set-backs that stretch well over a decade. The fact that archrivals Nacional were allowed to construct a new stand and training facility at their Estádio da Madeira (With government backing) angered Marítimo's fans even more. A year later, on September 14, 2007, an agreement between the club's directors and the Madeira government (Of whom own a 40% share of the club) was reached to use the site of the current Estádio dos Barreiros as the location of a brand new, reconstructed commercial stadium. Initial plans proclaim that the new venue will be operational by 2010, Marítimo's centenary year. As of January 3, 2008: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. In: Out:,  C.S. Marítimo  2009-12-22T05:13:33Z  Club Sport Marítimo, commonly known as just Marítimo (Portuguese pronunciation: , locally ), is a Portuguese sports club, best known for its football team that plays at the Estádio dos Barreiros in Funchal, Madeira Islands. The club currently plays in the top-flight Liga Sagres. Marítimo are now regarded as an important club in Portugal, and are widely known throughout the Portuguese speaking world, in countries such as Brazil, Angola, and Mozambique. The club's reserve team, Marítimo B, compete in the Portuguese Second Division. Often seen in the UEFA Cup, Marítimo's most recent foray into European competition came in 2008-09, when they lost 3-1 on aggregate to giants Valencia CF. Nevertheless, Marítimo still maintain a proud and formidable home record against European opposition, beating Rangers and Leeds United, whilst said club were in their prime. Founded on 20 September 1910 as Club Português de Sport Marítimo by Cândido Fernandes de Gouveia, the club adopted the red and green colours of the new Republican flag of Portugal, so as to distinguish themselves from rivals Club Sports da Madeira, who used the blue and white colours of the old monarchy flag, which had been replaced 15 days earlier. The name Marítimo, meaning Maritime in English, was used to reflect the fact that many of the team's players were workers of the nearby Funchal docks, a prominent employer at the time. The first ever match for Marítimo was a 2-1 win against Santa Clara, a select team composed of workers of Western Telegraph Company, and soon after began playing teams of sailors from visiting British ships. José Rodrigues Barrinhas, an old-fashioned attacking centre-half, made a name for himself in these games and in matches against rivals CS Madeira. As of the 2007-08 season, the club has 28 presences at the top level of Portuguese football, where they has been continuously since 1985-86. The clubs' best classification ever was four 5th places finishes. As of December, 2008. Marítimo's main local rivals are Nacional, although there is also plenty of ill-feeling towards minnows Clube de Futebol União, who are effectively the ""third club of Madeira"" after the aforementioned. The Madeira derby between Marítimo and Nacional is often associated with the clubs followers' differing culture and way of life. The fans of Nacional, being of a higher socio-economic status than those of Marítimo, are mainly lobbyists for the commercial expansion of Madeira, while the followers of Maritimo are usually of the working class. This only exacerbates the ill-feeling between the clubs, which is made even more tense by the fact that controversial regional governor Alberto João Jardim is a self-confessed fan of Marítimo. The rivalry heightened in the mid-1990s when Jardim proposed a plan to unite Madeira's three main clubs, who at the time were all competing in the top division. Nacional and União both pledged their support for the scheme, in a bid for Madeira to realistically contend with the ""Big Three"" for the league title; however, Marítimo's fans rejected the idea in mass numbers, stamping their superiority on Madeira's footballing scene. Marítimo are known throughout the Portuguese speaking world and have significant fan bases in the former Portuguese colonies of Brazil, Angola, and Cape Verde, as well as areas of North East United States, Canada, the United Kingdom (specifically Jersey and London) and South Africa. The club also has a big fans base in Venezuela with sister club Club Sport Marítimo de Venezuela from Caracas, Venezuela, becoming national champions on several occasions. The club was founded in 1959 by Portuguese immigrants living in Caracas, who based their new club on their favourite team from back home in Madeira. Even today, strong ties are kept between both clubs and supporters from either side of the Atlantic ocean. Closer to home, the club has a proud reputation of being one of the most supported clubs in Portugal after the Big three, and the most popular club on their home island of Madeira, outranking local rivals Nacional and União. The club has over 9,000 registered members (sócios) and two predominant groups of Ultras, the Esquadrão Maritimista and the Ultras Templários, the bigger and more infamous of the two. There are several famous fans of Marítimo who have publicly declared their support for the team on various occasion, such as the multimillionaire businessman Joe Berardo and Madeira's Regional Governor, the controversial politician João Jardim. The club was used a political vehicle in the 1970s during Madeira's fight for freedom and autonomy from mainland Portugal. Governor Jardim proclaimed his support of the club in order to gain votes and the backing from the people of Madeira, while the people in turn supported Marítimo as a symbol of their pride and allegiance to Madeira. Previously playing at the Campo do Almirante Reis until they moved out in 1927, Marítimo currently play their home games at the Estádio dos Barreiros, the municipality stadium of Funchal. However, that statium (Estádio dos Barreiros) was build by rivals Nacional and donated to Madeira Government. Although uniquely picturesque, the stadium is rapidly aging, despite numerous face lifts over the years and, for the best part of a decade, the club has sought after an alternative site for a new stadium. The club also own the Campo da Imaculada Conceição, a small stadium in the north of Funchal. The land it stands on was purchased by supporters and donated to the club who thus constructed the stadium, which was officially inaugurated on 3 October 1965. The ground is used for B team-matches and for training. In October 2006, it was announced that the club would construct a new state-of-the-art stadium in the Praia Formosa area of West Funchal, named Estádio do Marítimo. However, after several delays and a political war over funding and planning, the stadium plans were put on hold indefinitely, adding to a list of set-backs that stretch well over a decade. The fact that archrivals Nacional were allowed to construct a new stand and training facility at their Estádio da Madeira (with government backing) angered Marítimo's fans even more. A year later, on 14 September 2007, an agreement between the club's directors and the Madeira government (of whom own a 40% share of the club) was reached to use the site of the current Estádio dos Barreiros as the location of a brand new, reconstructed commercial stadium, rumoured to be named Arena do Marítimo-Madeira. Work began on the new stadium on July 20, 2009, with the realigning of the pitch and demolition of the Bancada Nascente, reducing the current capacity to 5,000 seats. Initial plans proclaim that the new venue will be operational by 2010, Marítimo's centenary year. The attendances of Marítimo's home games have been on a steady decline since the late 1990s, with the average attendance filling just half of the stadium's capacity in recent seasons. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. In Out For more information,  Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. For B-team players, see C.S. Marítimo B.",1
Arthur_Segal_(painter),"Arthur_Segal_(painter)  2009-05-20T17:11:19Z   Arthur Segal (23 July 1875 — 23 June 1944) was a Romanian artist and author. Segal was born to Jewish parents in Iaşi, Romania, and studied at the Berlin Academy from 1892. He studied with Schmid-Reutte and Hoelzel in Munich in 1896, and later studied in Paris and Italy in the early 1900s. After studying in Paris and Italy, he eventually moved to Berlin in 1904 where he exhibited his work with Die Brucke and Der Blaue Reiter, two leading German expression groups. In 1910 he co-founded the Neue Sezession, a group of artists whose work was rejected by the Berliner Sezession. On the outbreak of war in 1914 he moved to Ascona, Switzerland with his family, and remained there until 1920. During the war, Switzerland became a refuge for many artists like Segal, and whilst he was there he exhibited some of his work with Arp and Dada in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich. In 1920, he returned to Berlin, where he founded his own art school in 1923, Novembergruppe. In 1925 he was offered a teaching job in New Bauhaus in Dessau, but he declined. Because of his Jewish background he was prevented from exhibiting his work in Germany, and so in 1933 he moved to Palma, Majorca and then London, where he set up another school. He died in London. Segal was firstly a painter, and his early work was heavily influenced by impressionism and neo-impressionism. From around 1910 he began a more expressionism and dadaism style, and around 1916 found his own modern style. As well as painting, he also produced woodcuts from 1910, many of which were anti-war themed. Segal was also the author of many books, articles, and often gave lectures. He was also interested in psychology and psychotherapy and conducted correspondence with many famous psychoanalysts and psychiatrists of the time. His research was focused on the effects of painting in order to cure mental illnesses, and his attempts were acknowledged among psychologists and psychoanalysts alike. ,  Arthur_Segal_(painter)  2010-11-17T13:00:05Z   Arthur Segal (23 July 1875 — 23 June 1944) was a Romanian artist and author. Segal was born to Jewish parents in Iaşi, Romania, and studied at the Berlin Academy from 1892. He studied with Schmid-Reutte and Hoelzel in Munich in 1896, and later studied in Paris and Italy in the early 1900s. After studying in Paris and Italy, he eventually moved to Berlin in 1904 where he exhibited his work with Die Brucke and Der Blaue Reiter, two leading German expression groups. In 1910 he co-founded the Neue Sezession, a group of artists whose work was rejected by the Berliner Sezession. On the outbreak of war in 1914 he moved to Ascona, Switzerland with his family, and remained there until 1920. During the war, Switzerland became a refuge for many artists like Segal, and whilst he was there he exhibited some of his work with Arp and Dada in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich. In 1920, he returned to Berlin, where he founded his own art school in 1923, Novembergruppe. In 1925 he was offered a teaching job in New Bauhaus in Dessau, but he declined. Because of his Jewish background he was prevented from exhibiting his work in Germany, and so in 1933 he moved to Palma, Majorca and then London, where he set up another school. He died in London. Segal was firstly a painter, and his early work was heavily influenced by impressionism and neo-impressionism. From around 1910 he began a more expressionism and dadaism style, and around 1916 found his own modern style. As well as painting, he also produced woodcuts from 1910, many of which were anti-war themed. Segal was also the author of many books, articles, and often gave lectures. There are paintings by this painter at the National Museum of Romanian Art,Bucharest and the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Template:Persondata",0
Kristoffer Polaha,"Kristoffer Polaha  2017-03-13T16:37:26Z  Kristoffer Jon Polaha is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Jason Matthews in North Shore, Nathaniel ""Baze"" Bazile in Life Unexpected, and Henry Butler in Ringer. Polaha starred on ABC's mid-season replacement series, Miss Guided, and appeared in the Fox Network television series Tru Calling. He next played Nate Bazile, a bar owner who discovers he has a teenage daughter, on the series Life Unexpected, during its two season run. He played Henry Butler on the CW series Ringer until the series cancelation in 2012. Polaha starred as John Galt in Atlas Shrugged: Part III, which was released September 12, 2014.,  Kristoffer Polaha  2018-12-26T05:02:59Z  Kristoffer Jon Polaha (born February 18, 1977) is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Jason Matthews in North Shore, Nathaniel ""Baze"" Bazile in Life Unexpected, and Henry Butler in Ringer. Polaha starred on ABC's mid-season replacement series Miss Guided and appeared in the Fox Network television series Tru Calling and Backstrom. He next played Nate Bazile, a bar owner who discovers he has a teenage daughter, on the series Life Unexpected, during its two season. In late 2010, he signed a talent holding deal with CBS He played Henry Butler on the CW series Ringer until the series cancellation in 2012. Polaha starred as John Galt in Atlas Shrugged: Part III, which was released September 12, 2014. Polaha has worked in several original Hallmark Channel films starring opposite Meghan Markle in Dater's Handbook in 2016, and most recently in Rocky Mountain Christmas opposite Lindy Booth in December 2017. as well as ""Pearl in Paradise"" with Jill Wagner (2018). Polaha is a practicing Christian and spoke about how he fell away from his faith, but a death defying experience made him believe again. Polaha has been married to actress Julianne Morris since 2003. They have three sons together.",1
C.S. Marítimo,"C.S. Marítimo  2005-03-21T00:35:17Z  CS Marítimo is a Portuguese football club that plays in the Estádio dos Barreiros in Funchal, Madeira Islands. ,  C.S. Marítimo  2006-12-31T11:20:40Z  Club Sport Marítimo commonly shortened to CS Marítimo and just Marítimo (pron. IPA: , locally ), is a Portuguese sports club best-known for its football team that plays in the Estádio dos Barreiros in Funchal, Madeira Islands. They are easily the biggest club on the island of Madeira; overshadowing their neighbours from the Choupana Hills district, CD Nacional. Their most recent foray into European competition came in 2003/4, when Gustavo Manduca's calm finish gave them a 1-0 lead after the first leg of the UEFA Cup first-round tie against Rangers F.C. They went out on penalties after a tense second leg, but still maintain a formidable home record against European opposition, beating the heavyweights Leeds United F.C. whilst said club were in their hey-day. Marítimo are now regarded as one of the top 6 or 7 clubs in Portugal, and are widely known throughout the Portuguese speaking world, in countries such as Brazil, Angola and Mozambique. Marítimo's rivals are Nacional Madeira. The Madeira derby is often associated with the clubs' followers' differing culture and way of life. The fans of Nacional Madeira, being of a higher socio-economic status than those of Marítimo, were mainly lobbyists for the commercial expansion of Madeira, but the working class Marítimo followers were keen to preserve Madeira. This only exacerbates the ill-feeling between the clubs, which is made even more tense by the fact that controversial regional governor Alberto João Jardim is a self-confessed fan of Marítimo. The rivalry heightened when Portuguese starlet Cristiano Ronaldo signed declined an offer from Marítimo in favour of Nacional Madeira, where his Godfather was a member of the board. Marítimo currently play their home games at the Estádio dos Barreiros, the municipality stadium of Funchal. Although uniquely picturesque, the stadium is rapidly ageing despite numerous facelifts over the years and, for the best part of a decade, the club has sought after an alternative site for a new stadium. Prior to their October 2006 betandwin.com Liga clash against Naval 1º de Maio, the club announced they were looking into constructing a new 15,000 seater stadium in the nearby Praia Formosa area of Funchal. Although it is some distance from the current stadium and the centre of Funchal (Located in the 'tourist zone' of the city), it is hoped that a brand new stadium will attract a whole new set of fans to the club. It is hoped that the stadium will be completed in time for the start of the 2008/09 season. As of September 10, 2006: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. In: Out: The club has 27 presences at the top level of Portuguese football, where it has been continously since the 1985-1986 season. Best classification ever was three 5th places. start  end",1
Akademy,"Akademy  2012-01-19T21:40:38Z  Akademy (capitalized as aKademy before 2008) is an annual contributors and users conference of the KDE community. Akademy is held at varying venues in Europe. While Akademy usually takes place in late summer or early autumn and is always held in Europe, Camp KDE, another annual contributor's conference of the KDE community, is held on the American continent. The numbers below are the participation at the Akademy 2008. The yearly Akademy conference gives Akademy Awards, are awards that the KDE community gives to KDE contributors. There are three awards, best application, best non-application and jury's award. KDE One is the first KDE community meeting with 15 participants, and budget is 14000 DEM (7158 EUR). The results of discussions are: KParts for embedding applications into each other, definition of a filesystem standard, all applications should be internationalized, need a list of keybindings that are obligatory for all applications, and need more and better documentation. The social event is a walk though the historical town of Arnsberg. The sponsors helped with money donations consists of S.u. S.E. GmbH, Caldera Inc., LST Software GmbH, O'Reilly Verlag, JF Lehmanns Buchhandlung, Delix Computer GmbH, Dorint Hotel Arnsberg-Neheim, and Wirtschaftsförderung Arnsberg GmbH. KDE Two is the second KDE community meeting with 40 participants, orgainzed by SuSE and Caldera. KDE e. V. meeting elect the new board consists of Kurt Granroth (president), Chris Schläger (vice president), Mirko Sucker (treasurer), and Preston Brown (board member). The KDE Contributor Conference (code-named Kastle) was held at the Zámek (Castle) in Nové Hrady, Czech Republic. The conference program consists of KDE e. V. membership meeting, technical Talks, brewery tour, and hacking festival. The conference is run by KDE e. V., the Academic and University Center Nove Hrady and the Polytechnic University of Upper Austria in Hagenberg. The KDE Community World Summit 2004 (code-named aKademy) take place at the Filmakademie Ludwigsburg. The conference is jointly organized by KDE e. V., Wirtschaftsförderung Region Stuttgart (WRS), and Linux New Media AG. The KDE Developers and Users Conference 2005 (code-named aKademy) take place at the University of Málaga. KDE e. V. Meeting take place at 26 August. KDE User and Administrator Conference takes place at 27 to 28 August. KDE Developers and Contributors Conference takes place at 29 to 30 August. Coding Marathon for KDE Developers and Contributors takes place at 31 August to 4 September. The aKademy 2006 takes place in Trinity College, Dublin. The conference was focused on KDE SC 4, desktop standards and cross-project collaboration, and meeting the community. The aKademy 2007 takes place at the Graham Hills Building, University of Strathclyde. The Akademy 2008 takes place at Campus De Nayer, Lessius Hogeschool. The Akademy 2010 was held in the main building of the University of Tampere. ,  Akademy  2013-05-18T21:20:47Z  Akademy (capitalized as aKademy before 2008) is an annual contributors and users conference of the KDE community. Akademy is held at varying venues in Europe. While Akademy usually takes place in late summer or early autumn and is always held in Europe, Camp KDE, another annual contributor's conference of the KDE community, is held on the American continent. The numbers below are the participation at the Akademy 2008. The yearly Akademy conference gives Akademy Awards, are awards that the KDE community gives to KDE contributors. There are three awards, best application, best non-application and jury's award. KDE One is the first KDE community meeting with 15 participants, and budget is 14000 DEM (7158 EUR). The results of discussions are: KParts for embedding applications into each other, definition of a filesystem standard, all applications should be internationalized, need a list of keybindings that are obligatory for all applications, and need more and better documentation. The social event is a walk though the historical town of Arnsberg. The sponsors helped with money donations consists of S.u. S.E. GmbH, Caldera Inc., LST Software GmbH, O'Reilly Verlag, JF Lehmanns Buchhandlung, Delix Computer GmbH, Dorint Hotel Arnsberg-Neheim, and Wirtschaftsförderung Arnsberg GmbH. KDE Two is the second KDE community meeting with 40 participants, organized by SuSE and Caldera. KDE e. V. meeting elect the new board consists of Kurt Granroth (president), Chris Schläger (vice president), Mirko Sucker (treasurer), and Preston Brown (board member). The KDE Contributor Conference (code-named Kastle) was held at the Zámek (Castle) in Nové Hrady, Czech Republic. The conference program consists of KDE e. V. membership meeting, technical Talks, brewery tour, and hacking festival. The conference is run by KDE e. V., the Academic and University Center Nove Hrady and the Polytechnic University of Upper Austria in Hagenberg. The KDE Community World Summit 2004 (code-named aKademy) take place at the Filmakademie Ludwigsburg. The conference is jointly organized by KDE e. V., Wirtschaftsförderung Region Stuttgart (WRS), and Linux New Media AG. The KDE Developers and Users Conference 2005 (code-named aKademy) take place at the University of Málaga. KDE e. V. Meeting take place at 26 August. KDE User and Administrator Conference takes place at 27 to 28 August. KDE Developers and Contributors Conference takes place at 29 to 30 August. Coding Marathon for KDE Developers and Contributors takes place at 31 August to 4 September. The aKademy 2006 takes place in Trinity College, Dublin. The conference was focused on KDE SC 4, desktop standards and cross-project collaboration, and meeting the community. The aKademy 2007 takes place at the Graham Hills Building, University of Strathclyde. The Akademy 2008 takes place at Campus De Nayer, Lessius Hogeschool. The Akademy 2010 was held in the main building of the University of Tampere.",1
Hadley Fraser,"Hadley Fraser  2008-05-09T00:59:50Z  Hadley Fraser (born Robert Hugh Fraser on April 21, 1980) is an English stage actor. He made his critically acclaimed West End debut as Marius in Les Miserables. He also played the role of Tiernan in the recent Broadway show The Pirate Queen. Fraser is the son of Jack and Carol Fraser, and brother of Ed Fraser, an officer in the British Army. He holds a BA from Birmingham University and a Postgraduate Diploma from the Royal Academy of Music. His West End and other British credits include Les Misérables, Assassins, The Far Pavilions, The Shaughraun, and Pacific Overtures. ,  Hadley Fraser  2009-12-26T08:46:51Z  Hadley Fraser (born Robert Hugh Fraser on 21 April 1980) is an English stage actor. He made his critically acclaimed West End debut as Marius in Les Misérables. He also played the role of Tiernan in the recent Broadway show The Pirate Queen. Fraser is the son of Jack and Carol Fraser, and brother of Ed Fraser, an officer in the British Army. He holds a BA from Birmingham University and a Postgraduate Diploma from the Royal Academy of Music. His West End and other British credits include Les Misérables, Assassins, The Far Pavilions, The Shaughraun, and Pacific Overtures. He played Gareth in the Doctor Who episode Army of Ghosts (2006). He is dating Alexis Ann Carra. They met while being in 'The Pirate Queen' where Alexis was part of the Ensemble. Alexis is the most amazing person ever!",1
Borussia Dortmund II,"Borussia Dortmund II  2015-01-03T12:56:05Z  Borussia Dortmund II are the reserve team of Borussia Dortmund. They play in the 3. Liga, at Stadion Rote Erde. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. ,  Borussia Dortmund II  2016-12-27T06:19:07Z  Borussia Dortmund II are the reserve team of Borussia Dortmund. They play in the Regionalliga, at Stadion Rote Erde. Until 2005 the team played as Borussia Dortmund Amateure. The second team of Borussia Dortmund initially played at the Kreisliga and was promoted to the Bezirksliga in 1957. After a third-place finish in 1957, they were promoted into the Landesliga Westfalen in 1964. In 1969, Borussia Dortmund II won the Landesliga Westfalen eight points clear of Teutonia Lippstadt, gaining promotion into the Westfalenliga, the highest amateur league in Westphalia at the time. Three years later, the team got relegated into the Landesliga, and even into the Bezirksliga in 1974. In 1977, the team gained promotion again into the Landesliga. In the 1977–78 season, the team finished fifth, missing out the promotion play-off by just two points. The team returned to the Westfalenliga in 1983 and went on to become one of the leading teams in the league. In 1987, Borussia Dortmund II finished three points ahead of SV Langedreer 04 and gained promotion into the Oberliga Westfalen. The team finished fourth on the table in 1989, 1991 and 1993, before finishing eighth in 1994, missing out promotion into the then newly established Regionalliga West/Südwest. Meanwhile, the team reached the final of the 1991 Westphalia Cup, losing 1–6 against Arminia Bielefeld. Because of that, the team was eligible for the first and only time for the DFB Cup. The team met 1. FC Saarbrucken in the first round of the 1991/92 season, with the Saarland club going through at 5–2 in front of 1,800 fans at the Stadion Rote Erde. Borussia Dortmund continued to play in the Oberliga Westfalen and were runners-up behind FC Gütersloh in 1995. In 1998, under the guidance of coach Michael Skibbe, the team were crowned champions of Oberliga Westfalen with a ten-point advantage ahead of FC Schalke 04 II. In the following season in the Regionalliga, the team finished fourth last, inside the relegation zone. The team, however, avoided the drop, benefiting from the fact that two higher-ranked teams in Wuppertaler SV and FC 08 Homburg were relegated for failing to pay dues to the league. In 2000, under coach Edwin Boekamp, the team managed a mid-table finish and qualified for the newly created two-tier Regionalliga in the following season. The team was relegated at the end of the 2000/01 season, finishing second last but managed to gain promotion back into the league under coach Horst Koppel in the following season. After a fifth-place finish in the 2002/03 season, the team stayed in the Regionalliga for a further two years and was relegated back to the Oberliga at the end of the 2004/05 campaign only by a two-goal goal difference against Chemnitzer FC, who managed a goalless draw against the already-relegated KFC Uerdingen 05 in the last round. The team again staged a direct comeback the following season, this time under coach Theo Schneider. In the 2006/07 season, Borussia Dortmund II had more luck than two years ago and managed to avoid relegation on goal difference against Holstein Kiel in the league. In 2008, Borussia Dortmund II finished thirteenth in the Regionialliga and failed to qualify for the then newly created 3. Liga by a four-point margin. A year later, the team managed to win the Regionalliga West three points ahead of the 1. FC Kaiserslautern and secured promotion to the 3. Liga under coach Theo Schneider. Finishing third from bottom in the 2009/10 season, the team was relegated. In Summer 2011, David Wagner took over as coach of Borussia Dortmund II. With a 5–3 win at Wuppertaler SV Borussia on the final day of the 2011/12 season, the team gained promotion into the 3. Liga again. On 9 August 2014, the Stadion Rote Erde was sold out with 9,999 spectators for the first time in its history at a home match of Borussia Dortmund II. It was Matchday 4 of the 2014/15 3. Liga season at home against SSV Jahn Regensburg. The game was part of a family day and the inauguration of a fan shop near the stadium. The recent season-by-season performance of the club: → Main article: Stadion Rote Erde Borussia Dortmund II plays their matches at the Stadion Rote Erde, which has a capacity of 9,999 for league matches. The stadium belongs to the City of Dortmund. The stadium came under criticism for several times due to inadequate space, lack of soil heating and the poor condition of the infrastructure. Because of this, Borussia Dortmund is considering a purchase of the stadium. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",1
Polar-amino-acid-transporting_ATPase,"Polar-amino-acid-transporting_ATPase  2016-01-27T04:18:01Z   In enzymology, a polar-amino-acid-transporting ATPase (EC 3. 6. 3. 21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and polar amino acid, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and polar amino acid. ,  Polar-amino-acid-transporting_ATPase  2016-06-02T02:45:27Z   In enzymology, a polar-amino-acid-transporting ATPase (EC 3. 6. 3. 21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and polar amino acid, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and polar amino acid.",0
Andy Samberg,"Andy Samberg  2012-01-02T15:49:20Z  David Andrew ""justin"" Samberg (born August 18, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, rapper and writer best known as a member of the comedy group The Lonely Island and as a cast member on Saturday Night Live. On Saturday Night Live, he and The Lonely Island have been credited with popularizing the Emmy-winning SNL Digital Shorts, the comical short films and music videos starring Samberg and other members of the SNL cast. As a film actor, Samberg has appeared in Hot Rod, Space Chimps, Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist, I Love You, Man, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Friends with Benefits and What's Your Number? Samberg was born in Mill Valley, California, the son of Margi (née Marrow), an elementary school teacher who taught at Old Mill School, and Joe Samberg, a photographer. Samberg also has two sisters, Johanna and Darrow. He was raised in a Jewish household. His maternal grandfather, Alfred J. Marrow, served as the executive chair of the American Jewish Congress, although Samberg describes himself as ""not particularly religious."" Samberg discovered Saturday Night Live as a child while sneaking past his parents to watch professional wrestling on television. He became ""obsessed"" with the show, and his devotion to comedy became frustrating to teachers who felt he was unfocused on his schoolwork. Samberg graduated from Berkeley High School in 1996. While there, he became interested in creative writing; he says: "" were the ones that I put all my effort into...that's what I cared about and that's what I ended up doing."" He attended college at University of California, Santa Cruz for two years before transferring to New York University for its acclaimed film school. He majored in experimental film, where he starred as ""Monkey"" in the short film ""Monkey vs. Robot"". Prior to joining the cast of SNL, Samberg was (and remains) a member of the comedy troupe, The Lonely Island (along with Jorma Taccone and Akiva Schaffer). The trio began writing for Saturday Night Live in 2005 and released their debut album, Incredibad, in 2009. Samberg has appeared in numerous theatrical films, commercials, music videos and has hosted special events like the 2009 MTV Movie Awards. In September 2005, The Lonely Island confirmed that Samberg would be joining Saturday Night Live as a featured player and his fellow group members would join the show's writing staff. While his live sketch roles were limited in his first year, he appeared in many recorded sketches, including commercial parodies and various other filmed segments. For the December 17, 2005 show, he and Chris Parnell starred in the Digital Short ""Lazy Sunday"", a nerdcore hip hop song performed by two Manhattanites on a quest to see the film The Chronicles of Narnia. The short quickly became an Internet phenomenon and garnered Samberg significant media and public attention, as did ""Dick in a Box,"" a duet with Justin Timberlake that won a Creative Arts Emmy for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics. Samberg has found success with the song ""Jizz in My Pants,"" which garnered over 100 million views on YouTube. His comedy troupe's collaboration with T-Pain, the ""I'm on a Boat"" music video, had over 56 million views on YouTube after debuting on February 7, 2009, and was nominated for a Grammy Award. Another digital short, ""Motherlover"" (also featuring Timberlake), was released on May 10, 2009 (to commemorate Mother's Day), and is a sequel of ""Dick in a Box."" On December 12, 2010, Samberg and the other members of the Lonely Island debuted their next digital short, titled ""I Just Had Sex."" The video, which has already gathered over 129 million views on YouTube, features R&B singer Akon, with cameos by former tennis professional John McEnroe, and actresses Blake Lively and Jessica Alba. On January 29, 2011, The Lonely Island released another single from its upcoming second album titled The Creep featuring Nicki Minaj. This was followed on May 7, 2011 with the song Jack Sparrow which featured Michael Bolton. ,  Andy Samberg  2013-12-31T19:43:33Z  Andrew David ""Andy"" Samberg (born August 18, 1978) is an American comedic actor, voice actor, writer, rapper and member of the comedy group The Lonely Island. He is known as a cast member on Saturday Night Live (2005–2012), where they have been credited with popularizing the SNL Digital Shorts, the comical short films and music videos starring Samberg and other members of the SNL cast. He also starred in Hot Rod, I Love You, Man, Hotel Transylvania, That's My Boy, and Celeste and Jesse Forever. Samberg was born in Berkeley, California. His mother, Marjorie ""Margi"" (née Marrow), is an elementary school teacher, and his father, Joe, is a photographer. He has two sisters, Johanna and Darrow. His family is Jewish, and his maternal grandfather, industrial psychologist and philanthropist Alfred J. Marrow, served as the executive chair of the American Jewish Congress. Samberg has described himself as ""not particularly religious."" He is a third cousin of U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin (their maternal grandfathers were first cousins). Samberg discovered Saturday Night Live as a child, while sneaking past his parents to watch professional wrestling on television. He became obsessed with the show, and his devotion to comedy was frustrating to teachers who felt he was unfocused on his schoolwork. Samberg graduated from Berkeley High School in 1996, where he became interested in creative writing, and has stated: "" were the ones that I put all my effort into...that's what I cared about and that's what I ended up doing."" He attended college at University of California, Santa Cruz, for two years before transferring to New York University, from which he graduated in 2000. After five years of dating, Samberg announced his engagement to musician Joanna Newsom in February 2013 and they married on September 21, 2013 in Big Sur, California. He majored in experimental film, where he starred as ""Monkey"" in the music video for James Kochalka's song ""Monkey vs. Robot"". Before joining the late night comedy show SNL, Samberg was a YouTube and Internet star. He first began making comedy videos with his two friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone. When YouTube was created in 2005, the streaming of their videos became much more widespread over the Internet. ""With respect to some of these YouTube stars, Hollywood talent agencies have recognized the revenue potential of these entertainers and are signing them into development deals."" He became a featured player on the show in part because of the work he'd done on his own sketch comedy website TheLonelyIsland.com. that helped them land an agent and eventually get hired at SNL. Prior to joining its cast, Samberg was (and remains) a member of the comedy troupe The Lonely Island (along with Jorma Taccone and Akiva Schaffer). The trio began writing for Saturday Night Live in 2005 and released their debut album, Incredibad, in 2009. Samberg has appeared in numerous theatrical films, commercials, music videos and has hosted special events, including the 2009 MTV Movie Awards. In 2012, Samberg delivered the Class Day speech at Harvard University. In September 2012, he plays Dale Ashbrick in a BBC Three comedy show, Cuckoo. He starred with Adam Sandler twice in That's My Boy and Hotel Transylvania. Samberg stars in a new comedy police show, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, which premiered on the FOX network on September 17, 2013. In September 2005, Samberg joined SNL as a featured player along with his two friends as the show's writing staff. Though his live sketch roles were limited in his first year, he appeared in many prerecorded sketches including commercial parodies and various other filmed segments. On December 17, 2005, he and Chris Parnell starred in the Digital Short show ""Lazy Sunday"", a nerdcore hip hop song performed by two Manhattanites on a quest to see the film The Chronicles of Narnia. The short quickly became an Internet phenomenon and garnered Samberg significant media and public attention, as did ""Dick in a Box,"" a duet with Justin Timberlake that won a Creative Arts Emmy for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics. His comedy troupe's collaboration with T-Pain, the ""I'm on a Boat"" music video, had over 56 million views on YouTube after debuting on February 7, 2009, and was nominated for a Grammy Award. Another digital short, ""Motherlover"" (also featuring Timberlake), was released on May 10, 2009 (to commemorate Mother's Day), and is a sequel of ""Dick in a Box."" Outside of his prerecorded segments, he also participated in recurring live segments, such as his Blizzard Man sketch. On June 1, 2012, Samberg's spokesperson announced that he had left the show.",1
Deutschland sucht den Superstar,"Deutschland sucht den Superstar  2015-01-02T21:04:17Z  Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS; ""Germany Seeks the Superstar"") is a German reality talent show. Part of the Idol franchise, it was created by English media mogul Simon Fuller as a spin-off from the British show Pop Idol, of which two series were broadcast between the years of 2001 and 2003. Debuting to mediocre ratings in October 2002 on the RTL network, the show has since become one of the most successful shows on German television. The program aims to discover the best singer in the country through a series of nationwide auditions in which viewer voting determines the winner. Voting is done through telephone and SMS text voting. The first season 2002–2003 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar debuted without much hype in October 2002 on the RTL network. The show's co-hosts were Swiss actress Michelle Hunziker and former soap opera actor Carsten Spengemann, while the jury consisted of music producer Dieter Bohlen, radio host Thomas Bug, British music journalist Shona Fraser, and the former president of BMG Germany, Thomas M. Stein. Through word of mouth generated by the appeal of its contestants and the presence of Bohlen's acid-tongued commentary, the show grew into a phenomenon ending with a finale viewed by an estimated twelve million viewers in March 2003. Winner Alexander Klaws signed a recording contract with BMG, the label in partnership with DSDS. Immediately post-finale, Klaws released three singles, most notably the coronation song ""Take Me Tonight"" which was written by Bohlen and debuted on top of the German Singles Chart, eventually becoming the second biggest-selling single of 2003 – only losing to ""We Have a Dream,"" the pre-released recording of all ten finalists. Klaws has subsequently had three albums and several hit singles mostly from his more successful first album. While his debut, Take Your Chance (2003), and its follow-up, Here I Am (2004), saw nationwide success and garnered him several ECHO Award nominations, his independent 2006 release, Attention! failed to link on previous sales figures. He has since established a secondary career as an actor on the Sat.1 telenovela Anna und die Liebe and appeared in leading roles on musicals such as Dance of the Vampires and Tarzan. Besides Klaws, all ten finalists with the exception of then-pregnant Andrea Josten signed record deals with various record companies. Runner-up Juliette Schoppmann also signed with BMG, but in contrast to public expectations she declined working with Bohlen. Instead, she released three singles of which two entered the top ten and a solo album, Unique, which eventually debuted in 2004. Due to moderate sales BMG dropped her shortly after its release. She has since made herself a name as professional songwriter. Third-placed Daniel Küblböck also expanded his nationwide but extremely polarising popularity with a contract with BMG. Until June 2004 he released four major succeeded hit singles and a number-one album, titled Positive Energien (2003). However, further efforts failed on the charts after a controversial participations in the German versions of I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here! and Big Brother and the release of his flopped motion picture Daniel – Der Zauberer (2004). Vanessa Struhler became the protégé of Hip-Hop producer DJ Tomekk and saw solid commercial success with her first album, Ride with Me (2003). Gracia Baur also was signed to BMG, but was dropped after her moderate succeeded rock debut Intoxicated (2003). She then signed with Bros Music and was selected to represented Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song ""Run & Hide"", where it placed last in a field of 24. Judith Lefeber, Daniel Lopes, and Nektarios Bamiatzis also scored mediocre to little success after the show with their own releases. In the second series of DSDS 2003–2004, co-hosts Hunziker and Spengemann and all four jury members reprised their engagements in the show. Following the success of the first installment, the second season was aired to a higher profile during 2003 fall schedule, including an increased number of episodes, budgets and charges for commercial spots. In contrast to the first season, however, the second soon found its main audience but never reached the overwhelming hype and demand which the first season had captured. This fact was underscored by decreasing phone votes and ratings, which were released after the show's final. This time, teacher Elli Erl emerged as the winner. Though Erl agreed to release the Bohlen-produced coronation song ""This Is My Life"" in a remixed edition, she declined collaborating with him on her debut album In My Dreams due to musical differences. While the debut single still reached the top three of the German Singles Chart, the album, released in October 2004, reached number thirty-three on the German Albums Chart and spawned another two singles of which none became a commercial hit, making Erl the lowest-selling DSDS winner to date. Her following two albums Moving Out (2007) and Human (2009) failed to chart anywhere. Unlike in season one, the other finalists hit on major problems when they watched out for record deals. While runner-up Denise Tillmanns never signed a recording contract, third-place finisher Philippe Bühler established himself as a professional songwriter and released two R&B-influenced singles, entitled ""Warum?"" (2005) and ""Ich Kann Dich Lieben"" (2006), both of which entered the top forty of the German Singles Chart. Anke Wagner signed with independent label Perleberg, but neither her debut single nor her album magaged to enter any chart. Benjamin Martell was signed to BMG, but was dropped when he demanded to write the album by himself. Fifth-place finisher Gunther Göbbel became part of the R&B duo Lemon Ice, whose cover single ""Stand by Me"" entered the German top twenty in fall 2006. Lorenzo Woodard participated in several prominent reality shows such as Die Alm and Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus! and has since enjoyed media attention under his transsexual identity ""Lorielle London"". After an absence of one year (2004–2005), the third season 2005–2006 introduced several new elements. Neither Hunziker nor Spengemann were asked back as the show's hosts as the studio wanted a new complexion on the season. They were replaced with Marco Schreyl and Dutch co-host Tooske Ragas. The jury cast also went through radical changes; Dieter Bohlen remained the only original member, and was eventually joined by music producer Sylvia Kollek and former manager Heinz Henn. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 4 is the fourth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar which aired on RTL network. Mark Medlock, this season's winner, was awarded a contract with Sony-BMG. The judges in this season were Dieter Bohlen, Heinz Henn and Anja Lukaseder. It was hosted by Marco Schreyl and Tooske Ragas. The viewers chose the contestant's fates as they were able to call for their favorite contestant. The voting results were published on 7 May. Because of the success of season four RTL decided to create a fifth season in 2008. This was announced just before the fourth season final show was shown on TV. There were several changes: Marco Schreyl became the sole host of the show, without the assistance of Tooske Ragas. Due to some arguments with Dieter Bohlen, Heinz Henn was replaced in the jury by Andreas ""Bär"" Läsker. Läsker discovered and is the manager of Die Fantastischen Vier (The Fantastic Four), and joined existing jury members Bohlen and Anja Lukaseder. The last substantial change concerns only one semi-final shows (""Top 15 shows"") with the name Jetzt oder nie (Now or Never): So far the 10 best candidates had been determined by telephone and SMS voting. Instead the jury selected the Top 10 live in front of 1,000 spectators. The five contestants with the highest number of votes from the public went through to the motto shows. The judges picked five more contestants of the remaining 10 to join them. Later, the candidates enter the final shows with public voting as in the earlier series. With the new rules, the producers hope to increase the excitement and to prevent good candidates from being knocked out too early. The auditions started in August on Mallorca and for the first time ever on Ibiza. From September on the casting crew toured throughout Germany. The first show, Now or never – Jetzt oder nie, started on 8 March. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 6 was the sixth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar which is airing on the RTL network. This season's winner, Daniel Schuhmacher, was awarded a contract with Sony-BMG. The judges in this season are Dieter Bohlen, Nina Eichinger, and Volker Neumüller. This season is hosted by Marco Schreyl. The viewers chose the contestant's fates as they were able to call for their favorite contestant. As with season 5, the ""top 10"" was created by the top 5 contestants with the most telephone and SMS voting and the other 5 were selected by the jury. The sixth season started on 21 January 2009. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 7 is the seventh season of the Idol series which aired on RTL Television and started on 6 January 2010. The season marked a new national record with more than 35,000 participants. The final aired on 17 April 2010, and the winner was Mehrzad Marashi. Mehrzad Marahsi won the show. Second was Menowin Fröhlich and on third place Manuel Hoffmann. Menowin has won every liveshow but lost against Mehrzad who won the final with 56,04%. Manuel Hoffmann was eliminated in the 5th show, but he came back after Helmut Orosz was expelled from the show. Manuel came back and reached the semi-final, so that he was the first one who was eliminated and has survived more than one show again. Thomas Karaoglan, who reached the 5th place was known as der Checker and Kim Debkowski has made some advertisement during her video previous her performance with some beauty tips on Kim Gloss Tv. The live-shows began with the Top-15 show to determine the contestants that would make up the Top 10 in the mottoshows. As done in the previous seasons, the Top 10 were contestants put through from the public vote and the jury's vote. However, 7 (instead of 5) contestants were put through with the public votes and 3 (instead of 5) would be put through by the jury; which ultimately became the contestants that ranked with the next three largest number of votes. In the first live show, Steffi Landerer, who was known for her sex appeal, was eliminated. Marcel Pluschke, who was eliminated on the second live-show, did not perceive an excellent audience respect because of his weak voice and country music roots (which was a first in DSDS). Though criticized for his song selection in the third live show, Nelson Sangaré was surprisingly eliminated after ranking as one of the top contestants throughout the first and second live-shows. After being in the bottom groups every week, Ines Redjeb was eventually eliminated in the fourth live-show. Though proving to be a favorite in the competition despite ranking in the bottom half of the voting, Manuel Hoffmann was eliminated in the fifth show against Helmut Orosz. Orosz, who was a Top 50 contestant in the second season, became criticized for his problems with singing correct texts; immediately after Hoffmann's elimination, the producers of DSDS had found a video of Orosz with a friend using cocaine recently, to which Orosz confessed. Because of this, Orosz was disqualified from the contest and Hoffmann returned to the live-shows surpassing crowd favorite Thomas Karaoglan in the sixth-live show and Kim Debkowski in the seventh live-show. However, Hoffmann's journey ended in the semi-final leaving the finale in the hands of the season's front-runners Menowin Fröhlich and Mehrzad Marashi. Fröhlich, a local DJ, successfully auditioned for the show in the third season making it to the Top-20 live-shows; he later became disqualified due to battery and fraud. Both friends throughout the recall, tensions rose throughout the competition between fans and themselves. After the final vote, Marashi won though only ranking in first place in the Top-15 and the finale as Fröhlich ranked first every week. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 8 is the eighth season of the Idol series in Germany began airing on RTL on 8 January 2011. The winner will get a recording contract with Universal Music Group. 34,956 people auditioned throughout the 35 cities that hosted auditions. Nina Eichinger and Volker Neumüller were removed from the panel. Their successors are Swiss singer Patrick Nuo and singer/dancer Fernanda Brandao. Marco Schreyl returned as the host. DSDS has extended participation privileges to Austria and Switzerland. The Top 35 will be going to the Maldives. The final aired on 7 May 2011, and the winner was Pietro Lombardi. This season reintroduced the contestants singing with backing tracks as opposed to a live band. The Hamburger Morgenpost questioned whether RTL misquoted DSDS Top 10 candidate Anna-Carina Woitschack. In an interview, Anna-Carina was quoted as saying ""It was cut together all wrong. I never said that I hate Sarah – but on the contrary, I do not hate Sarah Engels. That is what I said. But it was cut this way by RTL, because it looks good for the show."" RTL received a statement from the Office of Public Safety stating that Sebastian Wurth was not allowed to participate after 10 PM. RTL was also fined 15,000 Euro for the incident. The Hamburger Morgenpost questioned whether the liveshows were actually live broadcast. In the 3rd Mottoshow, Marco Angelini slipped up in his performance and forgot to sing at the correct time. Pietro Lombardi's brother posted nude picture of Sarah Engels after she used Pietro's cell phone to talk to girls. The hardcore fans of Pietro Lombardi told his brother Marco about this and he wasn't happy about this. So, he decided to take ""revenge."" Pietro's brother also wrote ""Everyone knows how cheap Sarah Engels is. She is sneaky. A liar."" DSDS host Marco Schreyl mixed up the phone numbers for candidates Zazou Mall and Marco Angelini. A camera shot of Marco Angelini showed him enraged towards the lens. A reporter for the Hamburger Morgenpost, who was present, reported there were chaotic scenes shortly before the end of the recording. Dieter Bohlen mentioned the mistake and Marco Schreyl replied that ""It could be made easier for the host"". RTL decided that no candidate would be eliminated and the final show was been pushed back a week. On the 6th mottoshow, Sarah Engels had two wardrobe incidents, when dancing to ""Walking on Sunshine"", where she began dancing too close to one of the cameras, causing two upskirts. This was eventually shown to the studio audience during the recap of her performance and was noted by the judges. Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 9) is be the ninth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar. Jury members Fernanda Brandao and Patrick Nuo left DSDS and were replaced by Bruce Darnell and Cascada's Natalie Horler. The winner will receive a recording contract with Universal Music Group and €500,000. Participants must be between the ages of 16 and 30 and living in Germany, Austria or Switzerland. The auditions stage had 34 audition events in 33 cities across Germany, Austria and Switzerland. 35.401 participants auditioned for season 9. RTL decided to have a ""Top 16"" instead of a ""Top 15"". Unlike previous seasons, participants sung in a duet. Luca Hänni won season 9. At age 17, Luca is the youngest winner-to-date. The Cologne district government wants to enforce a law that protect minors. The law will not allow minors to participate on stage after 10 PM. The issue started last season when this law was enforced for Sebastian Wurth. RTL received a 15,000 Euro fine for the incident. The candidates that this would affect are Daniele Negroni, age 16; Luca Hänni, age 17; Vanessa Krasniqi, age 17 and Fabienne Rothe, age 16. RTL decided to cancel the results show for 7, 14 and 21 April due to the minor protection law. Hamburger Morgenpost hinted that Thomas Pegram's elimination was expected because of some of his statistics on Facebook. He has the fewest people who clicked the ""like"" button only 4.105 people and received only 813 comments after the official DSDS Facebook fanpage put up his photo. Hamburger Morgenpost continued this when Silvia Amaru was eliminated restating how the lowest ""like"" total showed who was going to be eliminated before the final decision. Silvia Amaru's photo had 4.761 ""like"" while the competition was at around 10.000 on Sunday 11 March at 10:15 CET. Hamburger Morgenpost stated that it should be ""clear"" for RTL that ""Facebook is a power killer"" for Deutschland sucht den Superstar. In the Top 8, Kristof had the fews likes for his photo and was not voted out of the show. Kristof Hering suffered verbal and death threats during his participation during season 9 due to his homosexuality. People were writing stuff like ""You are sooo gay to ..""; ""I'll cut your eggs""; ""Get out of DSDS, if you value your life"" and ""I stab you up"". RTL filed charges against unknown persons because of the threats. TV ratings for season 9 have been disappointing. None of the mottoshows have reached 5 million viewers. season 1 averaged 8.09 million viewers and season 8 averaged 6.32 million viewers in the show's key demographic (ages 14 to 49). Only 4.71 million people watch the final show of season 9. This is the lowest viewership in the history of all the final shows of DSDS. RTL stated they want to continue with the show declining rates. On 30 April 2012, RTL announced that the show will return for a tenth season, in spite of declining ratings in Season 9. It was also announced that previous judges Natalie Horler and Bruce Darnell as well as host Marco Schreyl will be replaced. Furthermore, a ""female quota"" will be introduced in order to have an equal balance of male and female contestants. According to reports, the show was supposed to have a live band accompanying the contestants in the live shows, which has been absent since season 8. However, the first motto show of the season did not feature a live band and contestants sounded to be singing to pre-recorded tracks. On 14 September 2012, RTL announced Tom and Bill Kaulitz from the MTV Video Music Awards winning band Tokio Hotel and Mateo Jaschik founding member of the German dancehall band Culcha Candela as the replacements for Natalie Horler and Bruce Darnell in the jury. This is the first time since season 2 that the jury consisted of four judges. The first episode attracted 5.18 Mio. viewers, which marks the lowest season premiere rating since Season 1, which has not been broadcast on the primetime slot on 8.15pm. Despite this, the show was renewed for an eleventh season for 2014. Only 4,63 Mio. viewers watched the final, a major low record. The winner of the tenth season was Beatrice Egli. She became the first female winner since season 2 and the first German Schlager singer to win the competition. The season featured a female finale which has happened only twice so far in the history of the show. Furthermore, this is the first time that three women reached the final four. On 13 March 2013 RTL announced, that there will be an eleventh season. The judges from the previous season, with the exception of Dieter Bohlen, were replaced by rapper Prince Kay One, the singer Mieze Katz of the band MIA. , and the Schlager singer Marianne Rosenberg. Nazan Eckes returned as the host of the eleventh season, however without Raúl Richter. The season started on Wednesday, the 8 January 2014 on RTL. The top 30, which consisted of 15 female and 15 male contestants, were brought to Cuba for the further competition. In the top 20 round, the judges chose the top ten to compete in the live shows. Five of the ten eliminated contestants were given a wild card by the judges and made available for public voting. The two with the highest votes by the viewers will be joining the top 10. The season premiere attracted 2,70 Mil. viewers, which makes it the least-watched season premiere in the history of Deutschland such den Superstar. However, ratings improved up to 3,33 Mil. viewers by episode three, which makes it the most watched episode of the season so far within the demographics between ages 14–49. Overall, this season showed the lowest ratings in the history of the show. For the second year in a row this season featured a female final top two and producing a female Superstar for the third time in the history of the show. Aneta Sablik was announced as the winner on the 3rd May 2014. During the live-shows of season 11, it was announced that the castings for season 12 will start in August 2014. RTL's Head of Programm Frank Hoffmann stated in April 2014 that he wants to keep the series for the years the come, although the ratings continued to fall, especially in the live shows. He further explained that the live-shows will be cut to an ""absolut minimum"". In Fall 2014, RTL gave closer details to the changes of Season 12. The liveshows are replaced with pre-recorded concerts in clubs in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Only the announcement of the results will be broadcast live. In contrary to the seasons before the final will not take place in a TV studio in Cologne, but in the ÖVB Arena in Bremen. For the first time, auditions will be held in the Czech Republic, Poland, The Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium. In October 2014, RTL announced that Marianne Rosenberg, Mietze Katz and Kay One won't return for the twelfth season. The new jury consists of Dieter Bohlen, Swiss discjockey DJ Antoine, Schlager singer Heino and singer Mandy Capristo. The German Cultural Council accused RTL ""malicious disregard"" for humanity after a 17-year-old had a nervous breakdown during his audition. Kommission für Jugendmedienschutz opened a review procedure against Deutschland sucht den Superstar and KJM boss Wolf-Dieter Ring stated that ""the manner in which contestants are humiliated on the show could have detrimental effects on young viewers."" Elli Erl, the winner of season 2, confirmed that RTL asked for fake stories when she participated in the show. Again, in season 8, RTL created fake stories. RTL misquoted DSDS season 8 candidate Anna-Carina Woitschack. In an interview, Anna-Carina was quoted as saying ""It was cut together all wrong. I never said that I hate Sarah – but on the contrary, I do not hate Sarah Engels. That is what I said. But it was cut this way by RTL, because it looks good for the show."" On 13 March 2012, RTL announced that there will be a kids edition of DSDS. The ages will be from 4 to 14. The participants will get training scholarship and prize money. Dieter Bohlen, Michelle Hunziker and Dana Schweiger were named to the jury for season 1. There were 38.664 applications for season 1 of the show. German child protection association president Heinz Hilgers advised parents not to apply for the show. He claimed that the adult version ""was based on humiliation and embarrassment"". The association's director, Paula Honkanen-Schoberth, stated that ""Casting shows are geared towards making one person successful” and also claimed “The message for the rest is, 'you're no good.'"" However, RTL stated that this is a family show and it wants to encourage the children. DSDS: Annotations DSDS Kids: DSDS: DSDS Kids:,  Deutschland sucht den Superstar  2016-12-08T12:49:28Z  Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS; ""Germany Seeks the Superstar"") is a German reality talent show. Part of the Idol franchise, it was created by English media mogul Simon Fuller as a spin-off from the British show Pop Idol, of which two series were broadcast between the years of 2001 and 2003. Debuting to mediocre ratings in October 2002 on the RTL network, the show has since become one of the most successful shows on German television. The program aims to discover the best singer in the country through a series of nationwide auditions in which viewer voting determines the winner. Voting is done through telephone and SMS text voting. The first season 2002–2003 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar debuted without much hype in October 2002 on the RTL network. The show's co-hosts were Swiss actress Michelle Hunziker and former soap opera actor Carsten Spengemann, while the jury consisted of music producer Dieter Bohlen, radio host Thomas Bug, British music journalist Shona Fraser, and then-president of BMG Germany, Thomas M. Stein. Through word of mouth generated by the appeal of its contestants and the presence of Bohlen's acid-tongued commentary, the show grew into a phenomenon ending with a finale viewed by an estimated twelve million viewers in March 2003. Winner Alexander Klaws signed a recording contract with BMG, the label in partnership with DSDS. Immediately post-finale, Klaws released three singles, most notably the coronation song ""Take Me Tonight"" which was written by Bohlen and debuted on top of the German Singles Chart, eventually becoming the second biggest-selling single of 2003 – only losing to ""We Have a Dream,"" the pre-released recording of all ten finalists. Klaws has subsequently had three albums and several hit singles mostly from his more successful first album. While his debut, Take Your Chance (2003), and its follow-up, Here I Am (2004), saw nationwide success and garnered him several ECHO Award nominations, his independent 2006 release, Attention! failed to link on previous sales figures. He has since established a secondary career as an actor on the Sat.1 telenovela Anna und die Liebe and appeared in leading roles on musicals such as Dance of the Vampires and Tarzan. Besides Klaws, all ten finalists with the exception of then-pregnant Andrea Josten signed record deals with various record companies. Runner-up Juliette Schoppmann also signed with BMG, but in contrast to public expectations she declined working with Bohlen. Instead, she released three singles of which two entered the top ten and a solo album, Unique, which eventually debuted in 2004. Due to moderate sales BMG dropped her shortly after its release. She has since made herself a name as professional songwriter. Third-placed Daniel Küblböck also expanded his nationwide but extremely polarising popularity with a contract with BMG. Until June 2004 he released four major succeeded hit singles and a number-one album, titled Positive Energien (2003). However, further efforts failed on the charts after a controversial participations in the German versions of I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here! and Big Brother and the release of his flopped motion picture Daniel – Der Zauberer (2004). Vanessa Struhler became the protégé of Hip-Hop producer DJ Tomekk and saw solid commercial success with her first album, Ride with Me (2003). Gracia Baur also was signed to BMG, but was dropped after her moderate succeeded rock debut Intoxicated (2003). She then signed with Bros Music and was selected to represent Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song ""Run & Hide"", where it placed last in a field of 24. Judith Lefeber, Daniel Lopes, and Nektarios Bamiatzis also scored mediocre to little success after the show with their own releases. In the second series of DSDS 2003–2004, co-hosts Hunziker and Spengemann and all four jury members reprised their engagements in the show. Following the success of the first installment, the second season was aired to a higher profile during 2003 fall schedule, including an increased number of episodes, budgets and charges for commercial spots. In contrast to the first season, however, the second soon found its main audience but never reached the overwhelming hype and demand which the first season had captured. This fact was underscored by decreasing phone votes and ratings, which were released after the show's final. This time, teacher Elli Erl emerged as the winner. Though Erl agreed to release the Bohlen-produced coronation song ""This Is My Life"" in a remixed edition, she declined collaborating with him on her debut album In My Dreams due to musical differences. While the debut single still reached the top three of the German Singles Chart, the album, released in October 2004, reached number thirty-three on the German Albums Chart and spawned another two singles of which none became a commercial hit, making Erl the lowest-selling DSDS winner to date. Her following two albums Moving Out (2007) and Human (2009) failed to chart anywhere. Unlike in season one, the other finalists hit on major problems when they watched out for record deals. While runner-up Denise Tillmanns never signed a recording contract, third-place finisher Philippe Bühler established himself as a professional songwriter and released two R&B-influenced singles, entitled ""Warum?"" (2005) and ""Ich Kann Dich Lieben"" (2006), both of which entered the top forty of the German Singles Chart. Anke Wagner signed with independent label Perleberg, but neither her debut single nor her album magaged to enter any chart. Benjamin Martell was signed to BMG, but was dropped when he demanded to write the album by himself. Fifth-place finisher Gunther Göbbel became part of the R&B duo Lemon Ice, whose cover single ""Stand by Me"" entered the German top twenty in fall 2006. Lorenzo Woodard participated in several prominent reality shows such as Die Alm and Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus! and has since enjoyed media attention under his transsexual identity ""Lorielle London"". After an absence of one year (2004–2005), the third season 2005–2006 introduced several new elements. Neither Hunziker nor Spengemann were asked back as the show's hosts as the studio wanted a new complexion on the season. They were replaced with Marco Schreyl and Dutch co-host Tooske Ragas. The jury cast also went through radical changes; Dieter Bohlen remained the only original member, and was eventually joined by music producer Sylvia Kollek and former manager Heinz Henn. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 4 is the fourth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar which aired on RTL network. Mark Medlock, this season's winner, was awarded a contract with Sony-BMG. The judges in this season were Dieter Bohlen, Heinz Henn and Anja Lukaseder. It was hosted by Marco Schreyl and Tooske Ragas. The viewers chose the contestant's fates as they were able to call for their favorite contestant. The voting results were published on 7 May. Because of the success of season four RTL decided to create a fifth season in 2008. This was announced just before the fourth season final show was shown on TV. There were several changes: Marco Schreyl became the sole host of the show, without the assistance of Tooske Ragas. Due to some arguments with Dieter Bohlen, Heinz Henn was replaced in the jury by Andreas ""Bär"" Läsker. Läsker discovered and is the manager of Die Fantastischen Vier (The Fantastic Four), and joined existing jury members Bohlen and Anja Lukaseder. The last substantial change concerns only one semi-final shows (""Top 15 shows"") with the name Jetzt oder nie (Now or Never): So far the 10 best candidates had been determined by telephone and SMS voting. Instead the jury selected the Top 10 live in front of 1,000 spectators. The five contestants with the highest number of votes from the public went through to the motto shows. The judges picked five more contestants of the remaining 10 to join them. Later, the candidates enter the final shows with public voting as in the earlier series. With the new rules, the producers hope to increase the excitement and to prevent good candidates from being knocked out too early. The auditions started in August on Mallorca and for the first time ever on Ibiza. From September on the casting crew toured throughout Germany. The first show, Now or never – Jetzt oder nie, started on 8 March. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 6 was the sixth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar which is airing on the RTL network. This season's winner, Daniel Schuhmacher, was awarded a contract with Sony-BMG. The judges in this season are Dieter Bohlen, Nina Eichinger, and Volker Neumüller. This season is hosted by Marco Schreyl. The viewers chose the contestant's fates as they were able to call for their favorite contestant. As with season 5, the ""top 10"" was created by the top 5 contestants with the most telephone and SMS voting and the other 5 were selected by the jury. The sixth season started on 21 January 2009. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 7 is the seventh season of the Idol series which aired on RTL Television and started on 6 January 2010. The season marked a new national record with more than 35,000 participants. The final aired on 17 April 2010, and the winner was Mehrzad Marashi. Mehrzad Marahsi won the show. Second was Menowin Fröhlich and on third place Manuel Hoffmann. Menowin has won every liveshow but lost against Mehrzad who won the final with 56,04%. Manuel Hoffmann was eliminated in the 5th show, but he came back after Helmut Orosz was expelled from the show. Manuel came back and reached the semi-final, so that he was the first one who was eliminated and has survived more than one show again. Thomas Karaoglan, who reached the 5th place was known as der Checker and Kim Debkowski has made some advertisement during her video previous her performance with some beauty tips on Kim Gloss Tv. The live-shows began with the Top-15 show to determine the contestants that would make up the Top 10 in the mottoshows. As done in the previous seasons, the Top 10 were contestants put through from the public vote and the jury's vote. However, 7 (instead of 5) contestants were put through with the public votes and 3 (instead of 5) would be put through by the jury; which ultimately became the contestants that ranked with the next three largest number of votes. In the first live show, Steffi Landerer, who was known for her sex appeal, was eliminated. Marcel Pluschke, who was eliminated on the second live-show, did not perceive an excellent audience respect because of his weak voice and country music roots (which was a first in DSDS). Though criticized for his song selection in the third live show, Nelson Sangaré was surprisingly eliminated after ranking as one of the top contestants throughout the first and second live-shows. After being in the bottom groups every week, Ines Redjeb was eventually eliminated in the fourth live-show. Though proving to be a favorite in the competition despite ranking in the bottom half of the voting, Manuel Hoffmann was eliminated in the fifth show against Helmut Orosz. Orosz, who was a Top 50 contestant in the second season, became criticized for his problems with singing correct texts; immediately after Hoffmann's elimination, the producers of DSDS had found a video of Orosz with a friend using cocaine recently, to which Orosz confessed. Because of this, Orosz was disqualified from the contest and Hoffmann returned to the live-shows surpassing crowd favorite Thomas Karaoglan in the sixth-live show and Kim Debkowski in the seventh live-show. However, Hoffmann's journey ended in the semi-final leaving the finale in the hands of the season's front-runners Menowin Fröhlich and Mehrzad Marashi. Fröhlich, a local DJ, successfully auditioned for the show in the third season making it to the Top-20 live-shows; he later became disqualified due to battery and fraud. Both friends throughout the recall, tensions rose throughout the competition between fans and themselves. After the final vote, Marashi won though only ranking in first place in the Top-15 and the finale as Fröhlich ranked first every week. Deutschland sucht den Superstar Season 8 is the eighth season of the Idol series in Germany began airing on RTL on 8 January 2011. The winner will get a recording contract with Universal Music Group. 34,956 people auditioned throughout the 35 cities that hosted auditions. Nina Eichinger and Volker Neumüller were removed from the panel. Their successors are Swiss singer Patrick Nuo and singer/dancer Fernanda Brandao. Marco Schreyl returned as the host. DSDS has extended participation privileges to Austria and Switzerland. The Top 35 will be going to the Maldives. The final aired on 7 May 2011, and the winner was Pietro Lombardi. This season reintroduced the contestants singing with backing tracks as opposed to a live band. The Hamburger Morgenpost questioned whether RTL misquoted DSDS Top 10 candidate Anna-Carina Woitschack. In an interview, Anna-Carina was quoted as saying ""It was cut together all wrong. I never said that I hate Sarah – but on the contrary, I do not hate Sarah Engels. That is what I said. But it was cut this way by RTL, because it looks good for the show."" RTL received a statement from the Office of Public Safety stating that Sebastian Wurth was not allowed to participate after 10 PM. RTL was also fined 15,000 Euro for the incident. The Hamburger Morgenpost questioned whether the liveshows were actually live broadcast. In the 3rd Mottoshow, Marco Angelini slipped up in his performance and forgot to sing at the correct time. Pietro Lombardi's brother posted nude picture of Sarah Engels after she used Pietro's cell phone to talk to girls. The hardcore fans of Pietro Lombardi told his brother Marco about this and he wasn't happy about this. So, he decided to take ""revenge."" Pietro's brother also wrote ""Everyone knows how cheap Sarah Engels is. She is sneaky. A liar."" DSDS host Marco Schreyl mixed up the phone numbers for candidates Zazou Mall and Marco Angelini. A camera shot of Marco Angelini showed him enraged towards the lens. A reporter for the Hamburger Morgenpost, who was present, reported there were chaotic scenes shortly before the end of the recording. Dieter Bohlen mentioned the mistake and Marco Schreyl replied that ""It could be made easier for the host"". RTL decided that no candidate would be eliminated and the final show was pushed back a week. On the 6th mottoshow, Sarah Engels had two wardrobe incidents, when dancing to ""Walking on Sunshine"", where she began dancing too close to one of the cameras, causing two upskirts. This was eventually shown to the studio audience during the recap of her performance and was noted by the judges. Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 9) is be the ninth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar. Jury members Fernanda Brandao and Patrick Nuo left DSDS and were replaced by Bruce Darnell and Cascada's Natalie Horler. The winner will receive a recording contract with Universal Music Group and €500,000. Participants must be between the ages of 16 and 30 and living in Germany, Austria or Switzerland. The auditions stage had 34 audition events in 33 cities across Germany, Austria and Switzerland. 35.401 participants auditioned for season 9. RTL decided to have a ""Top 16"" instead of a ""Top 15"". Unlike previous seasons, participants sung in a duet. Luca Hänni won season 9. At age 17, Luca is the youngest winner-to-date. The Cologne district government wants to enforce a law that protect minors. The law will not allow minors to participate on stage after 10 PM. The issue started last season when this law was enforced for Sebastian Wurth. RTL received a 15,000 Euro fine for the incident. The candidates that this would affect are Daniele Negroni, age 16; Luca Hänni, age 17; Vanessa Krasniqi, age 17 and Fabienne Rothe, age 16. RTL decided to cancel the results show for 7, 14 and 21 April due to the minor protection law. Hamburger Morgenpost hinted that Thomas Pegram's elimination was expected because of some of his statistics on Facebook. He has the fewest people who clicked the ""like"" button only 4.105 people and received only 813 comments after the official DSDS Facebook fanpage put up his photo. Hamburger Morgenpost continued this when Silvia Amaru was eliminated restating how the lowest ""like"" total showed who was going to be eliminated before the final decision. Silvia Amaru's photo had 4.761 ""like"" while the competition was at around 10.000 on Sunday 11 March at 10:15 CET. Hamburger Morgenpost stated that it should be ""clear"" for RTL that ""Facebook is a power killer"" for Deutschland sucht den Superstar. In the Top 8, Kristof had the fews likes for his photo and was not voted out of the show. Kristof Hering suffered verbal and death threats during his participation during season 9 due to his homosexuality. People were writing stuff like ""You are sooo gay to ..""; ""I'll cut your eggs""; ""Get out of DSDS, if you value your life"" and ""I stab you up"". RTL filed charges against unknown persons because of the threats. TV ratings for season 9 have been disappointing. None of the mottoshows have reached 5 million viewers. season 1 averaged 8.09 million viewers and season 8 averaged 6.32 million viewers in the show's key demographic (ages 14 to 49). Only 4.71 million people watch the final show of season 9. This is the lowest viewership in the history of all the final shows of DSDS. RTL stated they want to continue with the show declining rates. On 30 April 2012, RTL announced that the show will return for a tenth season, in spite of declining ratings in Season 9. It was also announced that previous judges Natalie Horler and Bruce Darnell as well as host Marco Schreyl will be replaced. Furthermore, a ""female quota"" will be introduced in order to have an equal balance of male and female contestants. According to reports, the show was supposed to have a live band accompanying the contestants in the live shows, which has been absent since season 8. However, the first motto show of the season did not feature a live band and contestants sounded to be singing to pre-recorded tracks. On 14 September 2012, RTL announced Tom and Bill Kaulitz from the MTV Video Music Awards winning band Tokio Hotel and Mateo Jaschik founding member of the German dancehall band Culcha Candela as the replacements for Natalie Horler and Bruce Darnell in the jury. This is the first time since season 2 that the jury consisted of four judges. The first episode attracted 5.18 Mio. viewers, which marks the lowest season premiere rating since Season 1, which has not been broadcast on the primetime slot on 8.15pm. Despite this, the show was renewed for an eleventh season for 2014. Only 4,63 Mio. viewers watched the final, a major low record. The winner of the tenth season was Beatrice Egli. She became the first female winner since season 2 and the first German Schlager singer to win the competition. The season featured a female finale which has happened only twice so far in the history of the show. Furthermore, this is the first time that three women reached the final four. On 13 March 2013 RTL announced, that there will be an eleventh season. The judges from the previous season, with the exception of Dieter Bohlen, were replaced by rapper Prince Kay One, the singer Mieze Katz of the band MIA. , and the Schlager singer Marianne Rosenberg. Nazan Eckes returned as the host of the eleventh season, however without Raúl Richter. The season started on Wednesday, 8 January 2014 on RTL. The top 30, which consisted of 15 female and 15 male contestants, were brought to Cuba for the further competition. In the top 20 round, the judges chose the top ten to compete in the live shows. Five of the ten eliminated contestants were given a wild card by the judges and made available for public voting. The two with the highest votes by the viewers will be joining the top 10. The season premiere attracted 2,70 Mil. viewers, which makes it the least-watched season premiere in the history of Deutschland such den Superstar. However, ratings improved up to 3,33 Mil. viewers by episode three, which makes it the most watched episode of the season so far within the demographics between ages 14–49. Overall, this season showed the lowest ratings in the history of the show. For the second year in a row this season featured a female final top two and producing a female Superstar for the third time in the history of the show. Aneta Sablik was announced as the winner on 3 May 2014. During the live-shows of season 11, it was announced that the castings for season 12 will start in August 2014. RTL's Head of Programm Frank Hoffmann stated in April 2014 that he wants to keep the series for the years the come, although the ratings continued to fall, especially in the live shows. He further explained that the live-shows will be cut to an ""absolut minimum"". In Fall 2014, RTL gave closer details to the changes of Season 12. The liveshows are replaced with pre-recorded concerts in clubs in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Only the announcement of the results will be broadcast live. In contrary to the seasons before the final will not take place in a TV studio in Cologne, but in the ÖVB Arena in Bremen. For the first time, auditions will be held in the Czech Republic, Poland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium. In October 2014, RTL announced that Marianne Rosenberg, Mietze Katz and Kay One won't return for the twelfth season. The new jury consists of Dieter Bohlen, Swiss discjockey DJ Antoine, Schlager singer Heino and singer Mandy Capristo. The winner of the Deutschland sucht den Superstar 2015 was announced as Severino Seeger with Viviana Grisafi finishing as the runner-up. The winner song enttled Hero of My Heart was produced and written by juror Dieter Bohlen. In the first event show the twelfth season Oliver Geissen announced that it 2016 should be a season for which one can apply now. In the final betrayed Dieter Bohlen that for this season all previous limits such as the age restriction are repealed. Accordingly, the motto of the squadron ""No Limits"" is. In June 2015, RTL announced that Oliver Geissen to host the Final Shows also 2016th 1 October 2015. RTL announced that next Dieter Bohlen also H.P. Baxxter, Vanessa Mai and Michelle are on the jury. During the auditions, each judge has the option to send a Golden CD a candidate directly in the foreign-Recall. was implemented along the Golden Turd, with the judges can distinguish particularly poor performances. Prince Damien Ritzinger was the winner of the Deutschland sucht den Superstar 2016 with Laura Van Den Elzen finishing as the runner-up. The winner song is entitled ""Glücksmoment"". The German Cultural Council accused RTL ""malicious disregard"" for humanity after a 17-year-old had a nervous breakdown during his audition. Kommission für Jugendmedienschutz opened a review procedure against Deutschland sucht den Superstar and KJM boss Wolf-Dieter Ring stated that ""the manner in which contestants are humiliated on the show could have detrimental effects on young viewers."" Elli Erl, the winner of season 2, confirmed that RTL asked for fake stories when she participated in the show. Again, in season 8, RTL created fake stories. RTL misquoted DSDS season 8 candidate Anna-Carina Woitschack. In an interview, Anna-Carina was quoted as saying ""It was cut together all wrong. I never said that I hate Sarah – but on the contrary, I do not hate Sarah Engels. That is what I said. But it was cut this way by RTL, because it looks good for the show."" On 13 March 2012, RTL announced that there will be a kids edition of DSDS. The ages will be from 4 to 14. The participants will get training scholarship and prize money. Dieter Bohlen, Michelle Hunziker and Dana Schweiger were named to the jury for season 1. There were 38.664 applications for season 1 of the show. German child protection association president Heinz Hilgers advised parents not to apply for the show. He claimed that the adult version ""was based on humiliation and embarrassment"". The association's director, Paula Honkanen-Schoberth, stated that ""Casting shows are geared towards making one person successful"" and also claimed ""The message for the rest is, 'you're no good.'"" However, RTL stated that this is a family show and it wants to encourage the children. DSDS: Annotations DSDS Kids: DSDS: DSDS Kids:",1
Josh Morgerman,"Josh Morgerman  2019-09-07T20:44:08Z  Joshua Morgerman is an American businessman and storm chaser best known for his multitude of tropical cyclone chases. Born in 1970, he developed an interest in meteorology at an early age. After graduating from Harvard University in 1992, he co-founded the digital advertising company Symblaze in 1999. His storm chasing career began in earnest in 2005 with Hurricane Wilma in Florida. With no formal education in meteorology, all his experience comes from the chases. In the 14 years since Wilma, Morgerman has intercepted nearly 50 tropical cyclones including Typhoon Haiyan and Hurricane Dorian, among the worst storms on record in the Philippines and the Bahamas respectively. Josh Morgerman grew up in Huntington, New York—part of suburban New York City—in 1970. Living on Long Island, he developed an interest in meteorology at an early age; his mother attributes part of this interest to him seeing The Wizard of Oz when Morgerman was four. In August 1976, Hurricane Belle struck Long Island as a Category 1 hurricane, causing significant damage in his hometown. In 1999, Morgerman co-founded the digital advertising company Symblaze alongside his friend Michael Horton. By 2004, he was living in Prague, Czech Republic, to work with eastern European clientele. Since 1991, Morgerman has been chasing tropical cyclones. His goal is to ""core punch"" the storms and record atmospheric pressure and document the experience. As of August 2019, he has chased 53 cyclones across Australia, East Asia, and North America. No formal education with meteorology, passion project. All experience is in the field. Self-advertised as an ""adrenaline junkie"" Uses a Kestrel 4500 to record pressure Scott Brownfield ""right-hand guy"" Adam Moyer and Jorge González tropical analysts Pushes to reach the eye or eyewall up through landfall. Intercepted the most eyewalls of any person (if no media verification use Hurricane Man opening) On August 31, 2019, Morgerman flew to Marsh Harbour, in the Bahamas to intercept Category 5 Hurricane Dorian. Initially staging his chase in Treasure Cay, he ultimate chose to ride out the storm at Central Abaco Primary School—a designated concrete shelter—in Marsh Harbour. At 11:40 a.m. EDT on September 1, Morgerman reported board to be flying off the structures windows and children being wrapped in blankets for safety. After tweeting this information, contact with Morgerman lost for two days before he was able to contact The Weather Channel. Around 2:00 p.m. EDT, Hurricane Dorian made landfall over the Abaco Islands with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h), making it the strongest such storm on record in the Bahamas. The eyewall of Dorian proved exceptionally violent, battering the school with ""the force of a thousand sledgehammers"". He and others sheltering at the school held furniture against window shutters to prevent them from blowing in. The school was largely destroyed in the first half of the hurricane, forcing Morgerman and those sheltering inside to evacuate to a sturdier government building during the calm of the eye. During the eye, he recorded a pressure of 913.4 mbar (hPa; 26.97 inHg), the lowest in his career. Hundreds of residents, many injured during the storm, sought refuge in the structure for the second half of the hurricane. After living in his car for two days, Morgerman arrived in Nassau by helicopter on September 3 before returning to the United States. He described Dorian as a ""nuclear-grade hurricane"" and ""the most intense cyclone I’ve witnessed in 28 years of chasing"". ,  Josh Morgerman  2020-11-03T17:56:14Z  Joshua Morgerman is an American businessman, storm chaser, and TV personality best known for his multitude of tropical cyclone chases. Born in 1970, he developed an interest in meteorology at an early age. After graduating from Harvard University in 1992, he co-founded the digital advertising company Symblaze in 1999. His storm chasing career began in earnest in 2005 with Hurricane Wilma in Florida. With no formal education in meteorology, all his experience comes from the chases. In all of the years he has been chasing, Morgerman has intercepted 59 tropical cyclones including Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 and Hurricane Dorian in 2019, among the worst storms on record in the Philippines and the Bahamas respectively. He has successfully entered the eye of 38 hurricane-force tropical cyclones, with the strongest being Hurricane Dorian. Josh Morgerman was born in 1970 and grew up in Huntington, New York—part of suburban New York City. Living on Long Island, he developed an interest in meteorology at an early age; his mother attributes part of this interest to him seeing The Wizard of Oz when Morgerman was four. In August 1976, Hurricane Belle struck Long Island as a Category 1 hurricane, causing significant damage in his hometown. At his father's insistence, Morgerman pursued a liberal arts degree at Harvard University rather than focusing on meteorology. In 1991, while attending Harvard, Morgerman went on his first hurricane chase: Hurricane Bob in Rhode Island. In 1999, Morgerman co-founded the digital advertising company Symblaze alongside his friend Michael Horton. By 2004, he was living in Prague, Czech Republic, to work with Eastern European clientele. Morgerman has no spouse nor kids, wishing to remain unburdened by family responsibilities to pursue cyclone chases. In his spare time, Morgerman often studies historic tropical cyclones. Since 1991, Morgerman has been chasing tropical cyclones. His goal is to ""core punch"" the storms and record atmospheric pressure and document the experience. With no formal education in meteorology, Morgerman's cyclone chasing is a passion project. All of his experience is in the field, though he advertises himself as an ""adrenaline junkie"". In an interview with The Washington Post in 2012, he stated this to be the primary motivator for chasing. He often relies on his instincts backed up by years of chasing cyclones. Morgerman leads the iCyclone chase team. Members include his ""right-hand guy"" Scott Brownfield who coordinates logistics or assists on chases, meteorologists Adam Moyer Jorge González who provide forecasting information, and Cory Van Pelt who serves as the iCyclone technician. In 2013, iCyclone expanded their chase region to East Asia, teaming up with fellow chasers James Reynolds and Mark Thomas. They ultimately intercepted four typhoons in one month including Typhoon Haiyan which devastated the Philippines. Since 2014, his chasing has been funded by multiple media agencies including CBS, the Weather Channel, and WeatherNation. Morgerman conducted his first Australian chase in 2017, intercepting Cyclone Debbie in Queensland. Morgerman collects atmospheric pressure with multiple Kestrel 4500s. The data he has collected has been utilized by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in multiple instances to refine landfall intensities. 2011's Hurricane Rina's landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula was adjusted in light of his observations. In conjunction with satellite intensity estimates, his measurement of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg) within the eye of Hurricane Ernesto in 2012 was utilized to upgrade the hurricane's landfall intensity to Category 2. In 2014, Morgerman's measurement of 943.1 mbar (27.85 inHg) within Hurricane Odile resulted in the landfall pressure being adjusted to 941 mbar (27.8 inHg) from the operational estimate of 930 mbar (27 inHg). His observation of 937.8 mbar (27.69 inHg) in 2015's Hurricane Patricia, in conjunction with two nearby automated measurements, assisted in more accurately analyzing the hurricane's strength at landfall. Meteorologists at the NHC concluded an approximate minimum pressure of 932 mbar (27.5 inHg), yielding estimated winds of 150 mph (240 km/h); this made Patricia the strongest Pacific hurricane on record to strike Mexico. Morgerman provided the only observed over-land pressure with Hurricane Willa's Mexican landfall in 2018. He observed a value of 968 mbar (28.6 inHg), corroborating the NHC's landfall intensity of 115 mph (185 km/h). In 2016, Morgerman collaborated with meteorologist Andrew Hagen and Mexican researchers Erik Sereno Trabaldo and Jorge Abelardo González to reanalyze the 1959 Mexico hurricane, then considered to be the strongest landfalling hurricane on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Their analysis determined the storm to have been significantly weaker than originally estimated and resulted in its downgrade from a Category 5 to a Category 4. These revisions were later incorporated into the NHC's Hurricane Database. In 2017, Morgerman co-authored an academic paper published by the American Meteorological Society on the intensity of 2015's Hurricane Patricia. He provided in-situ data describing the structure of the storm and allowing for a more thorough analysis of its landfall. As of October 2020, he has chased 59 cyclones across Australia, East Asia, and North America. Of his successful core penetrations, five were Category 5 and eight were Category 4. On November 7, 2013, Morgermen flew with fellow chasers James Reynolds and Mark Thomas to Tacloban City in the Philippines to intercept one of the most powerful typhoons in the 21st century: Typhoon Haiyan. They initially planned to ride out the storm south of the city, where the eye would ultimately make landfall; however, owing to a lack of sturdy shelters they opted to stay in Tacloban itself. They set up at a four-story concrete hotel about 26 ft (7.9 m) above sea level. The chasers came prepared with a week's-worth of food and water. Around 6:45 a.m. local time, the northern eyewall began battering Tacloban and winds rapidly became violent. Morgerman described the winds to have a ""tornado-like quality"" at times. Windows and doors at the hotel blew out and the roof was torn off. Trees in the region were completely defoliated. Around 7:50 a.m. a powerful storm surge swept through the city, with flood waters reaching a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m) at Morgerman's location. The fast-rising nature of the water incited panic, residents sheltering at the hotel scrambled to the building's second floor and some broke windows to escape their rooms. Morgerman jumped into the water to help people get from flooding rooms to the stairs. Thomas severely injured his leg in the water while assisting trapped people. Morgerman described the experience as traumatizing, witnessing the total devastation of Tacloban, bodies strewn across the streets, and ""a city spiraling out of control"". The crew was stuck in Tacloban for three days, eventually ""escaping"" on November 10 by which time the Philippine military arrived with relief supplies. Morgerman observed a minimum pressure of 959.9 mbar (28.35 inHg) in the eyewall of Haiyan. Extrapolating from his second measurement of 960.4 mbar (28.36 inHg), he estimated the central pressure to have been below 900 mbar (27 inHg). In September 2014, Morgerman intercepted Hurricane Odile in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Successfully entering the eye, he recorded a pressure of 943.1 mbar (27.85 inHg). Operational assessments of the hurricane's landfall intensity were taken into account for the release of catastrophe bonds funded by Wall Street and the World Bank. The bond system guaranteed a payout of $50 million for a storm with a pressure under 932 mbar (27.5 inHg); Odile's operational estimate was 930 mbar (27 inHg). However, his observations ""upend the system"" and the bonds were rescinded. This prevented vital recovery funds from being provided to the Government of Mexico. The hurricane caused extensive damage throughout Baja California Sur, with insured losses estimated at $1.2 billion. Industry experts later expressed concern over possible conflicts of interest with storm chasers and the catastrophe bonds. On August 31, 2019, Morgerman flew to Marsh Harbour, in the Bahamas to intercept Category 5 Hurricane Dorian. Initially staging his chase in Treasure Cay, he ultimate chose to ride out the storm at Central Abaco Primary School—a designated concrete shelter—in Marsh Harbour. At 11:40 a.m. EDT on September 1, Morgerman reported board to be flying off the structures windows and children being wrapped in blankets for safety. After tweeting this information, contact with Morgerman lost for two days before he was able to contact the Weather Channel. Around 2:00 p.m. EDT, Hurricane Dorian made landfall over the Abaco Islands with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h), making it the strongest such storm on record in the Bahamas. The eyewall of Dorian proved exceptionally violent, battering the school with ""the force of a thousand sledgehammers"". He and others sheltering at the school held furniture against window shutters to prevent them from blowing in. The school was largely destroyed in the first half of the hurricane, forcing Morgerman and those sheltering inside to evacuate to a sturdier government building during the calm of the eye. During the eye, he recorded a pressure of 913.4 mbar (26.97 inHg), the lowest in his career. Hundreds of residents, many injured during the storm, sought refuge in the structure for the second half of the hurricane. After living in his car for two days, Morgerman arrived in Nassau by helicopter on September 3 before returning to the United States. He described Dorian as a ""nuclear-grade hurricane"" and ""the most intense cyclone I’ve witnessed in 28 years of chasing"". In October 2018, UKTV announced a new television docuseries starring Morgerman to be aired on the network channel Dave. The eight-episode show, titled Hurricane Man, chronicles Morgerman's chases in 2018 across the world. A film crew accompanied him on his chases. The series is produced by ScreenDog Productions and distributed by BBC Studios. In addition to following Morgerman's experiences, the show also focuses on victims of the storms, sharing their experiences and how they're coping with its aftermath. Morgerman acted more carefully during his chases with the film crew present, feeling responsibility for their safety. The show premiered in the United Kingdom on March 24, 2019, and June 12 in Australia on BBC Knowledge. The show debuted on September 15 in the United States on the Science Channel. The series' first two episodes focus on 2018's Category 5 Hurricane Michael and its effects in Panama City, Florida.",1
Matthew Rhys,"Matthew Rhys  2011-01-05T02:01:27Z  For the rugby player see Matthew Rees. For the novelist, see Matt Rees. Matthew Rhys Evans (born on 8 November 1974 in Cardiff, Wales), known professionally as Matthew Rhys, is a Welsh actor, best-known as Kevin Walker on the U.S. ABC family drama Brothers & Sisters, and as Dylan Thomas in The Edge of Love. Born in the city of Cardiff, Wales, the son of Glyn Evans, a headmaster and Helen Evans, a special needs teacher. He grew up in Cardiff along with his older sister Rachel Evans, who is now a BBC broadcast journalist. Rhys was educated through the Welsh language at Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Melin Gruffydd, and Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf. At seventeen, after playing the lead role of Elvis Presley in a school musical, he applied to, and was accepted at, the prestigious Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Shortly thereafter, in 1993, he was awarded the Patricia Rothermere Scholarship. He is a childhood friends of Freddy Sternberg who is now a footballer for Plymouth Argyle F.C.. During his time at RADA, Rhys appeared in Back-Up, the BBC police series about the operational support units Hooli Vans, as well as in House of America. He then returned to Cardiff to act in his own language in the Welsh film Bydd yn Wrol (Be Brave), for which he won Best Actor at the Welsh BAFTAs. In January 1998, Rhys went to New Zealand to star in Greenstone, a colonial costume drama for television. He then landed a role in Titus, Julie Taymor's critically acclaimed adaptation of Titus Andronicus, starring Anthony Hopkins and Jessica Lange. Next he played Ray in Peter Hewitt's quirky film comedy, Whatever Happened to Harold Smith? After returning to Wales, he did two consecutive films with Jonathan Pryce: The Testimony of Taliesin Jones, a film about a dysfunctional single-parent family in which he played the elder son, and Sara Sugarman's comedy Very Annie Mary, in which he played the role of Nob. Rhys would later reunite with Very Annie Mary star Rachel Griffiths on Brothers & Sisters, which also stars Academy Award-winner Sally Field & ex-Ally McBeal alumna, Calista Flockhart. In 2000, Rhys played the lead role in Metropolis, a drama series for Granada TV about the lives of six twenty-somethings living in London. Next he starred in Peaches, the film of the celebrated play written and directed by Nick Grosso. Rhys opened to huge critical acclaim when he starred as Benjamin in the 2000 world premiere of the stage adaptation of The Graduate, alongside Kathleen Turner at The Gielgud Theatre in London's West End. Rhys travelled to Ireland to star in the 18th century swashbuckling adventure, The Abduction Club. He played the lead role of Darren Daniels in Tabloid, and then returned to New Zealand to shoot the epic drama Lost World for the BBC. His other film credits include the independent horror film Deathwatch in Prague and Fakers, a comic crime caper. He also appeared opposite the late Brittany Murphy in the independent feature Love and Other Disasters, in Virgin Territory opposite Hayden Christensen, Tim Roth and Mischa Barton, and playing poet Dylan Thomas in the love quadrangle biopic The Edge of Love, alongside Keira Knightley, Sienna Miller and Cillian Murphy. Rhys is quite adamant that he could happily give up his career to play international rugby for his country. On July 15, 2008, Matthew was honoured by Aberystwyth University as a Fellow. While on August 8, 2008 he was honoured at the Welsh National Eisteddfod by being accepted as a member to the druidic order of the Gorsedd of the Bards, for his contribution to the Welsh language and Wales. His bardic name in the Gorsedd is Matthew Tâf. Rhys is very close friends with actor Ioan Gruffudd, and they shared a house for nearly 10 years. Rhys served as one of the best men at Gruffudd's wedding, and wrote a speech for the occasion. Matthew is a patron of Hijinx Theatre, based at Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay. Matthew is also a Charity Champion for The Noah's Ark Appeal a charity that fund-raises for the development of The Children's Hospital of Wales. Directed two episodes,  Matthew Rhys  2012-12-23T13:58:00Z  Matthew Rhys Evans (born on 8 November 1974), known professionally as Matthew Rhys, is a Welsh actor, best known as Kevin Walker in the U.S. ABC family drama Brothers & Sisters, and as Dylan Thomas in The Edge of Love. Rhys was born in Cardiff, Wales, the son of Glyn Evans, a headmaster, and Helen Evans, a teacher. He grew up in Cardiff along with his older sister Rachel Evans, who is now a BBC broadcast journalist. Rhys was educated via the Welsh language (Cymraeg)-medium schools, Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Melin Gruffydd (in Whitchurch, Cardiff) and Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf (in Llandaff North, Cardiff). Aged 17, after playing Elvis Presley in a school musical, he applied and was accepted at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. Shortly thereafter, in 1993, he was awarded the Patricia Rothermere Scholarship. During his time at RADA, Rhys appeared in Back-Up, the BBC police series about the operational support units Hooli Vans, as well as in House of America. He returned to Cardiff to act in his own language in the Welsh film, Bydd yn Wrol (Be Brave), for which he won Best Actor at the Bafta Cymru (Welsh BAFTAs). In January 1998, Rhys went to New Zealand to star in Greenstone, a colonial costume drama for television. He then landed a role in Titus, Julie Taymor's adaptation of Titus Andronicus, starring Anthony Hopkins and Jessica Lange. Next he played Ray in Peter Hewitt's film comedy, Whatever Happened to Harold Smith? After returning to Wales, he did two consecutive films with Jonathan Pryce: The Testimony of Taliesin Jones, a film about a dysfunctional single-parent family in which he played the elder son, and Sara Sugarman's comedy Very Annie Mary, in which he played the role of Nob. Rhys would later reunite with Very Annie Mary star Rachel Griffiths on Brothers & Sisters. In 2000, Rhys played the lead role in Metropolis, a drama series for Granada TV about the lives of six twenty-somethings living in London. Next he starred in Peaches, the film of the play written and directed by Nick Grosso. Rhys starred as Benjamin in the 2000 world premiere of the stage adaptation of The Graduate, alongside Kathleen Turner at The Gielgud Theatre in London's West End. Rhys traveled to Ireland to star in the 18th century swashbuckling adventure, The Abduction Club. He played the lead role of Darren Daniels in Tabloid, and then returned to New Zealand to shoot the epic drama Lost World for the BBC. His other film credits include the independent horror film Deathwatch in Prague and Fakers, a comic crime caper. He appeared opposite the late Brittany Murphy in the independent feature Love and Other Disasters, in Virgin Territory opposite Hayden Christensen, Tim Roth and Mischa Barton, and playing poet Dylan Thomas in the love quadrangle biopic The Edge of Love. Rhys was adamant he could happily give up his career to play international rugby for his country. On 15 July 2008, Rhys was honoured by Aberystwyth University as a Fellow. On 8 August 2008, he was honoured at the Welsh National Eisteddfod by being accepted as a member to the druidic order of the Gorsedd of the Bards, for his contributions to the Welsh language and Wales. His bardic name in the Gorsedd is Matthew Tâf. In August 2009, Rhys took to the stage with the National Youth Orchestra of Wales as part of the National Eisteddfod. Airing on 10–11 January 2012, Rhys will appear in the BBC Two two-part drama adaptation (written by Gwyneth Hughes and directed by Diarmuid Lawrence) of Charles Dickens' last novel, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, left unfinished at his death in 1870. The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) aired it as one feature-length episode on 15 April 2012. In 2012 Rhys will reprise Sir Alec Guinness's 1959 double role of John Barratt/Jacques De Gué in a new adaptation of Daphne Du Maurier's 1957 novel The Scapegoat. The Scapegoat went into production on location in London in November 2011 and will be released for cinema audiences worldwide, a theatrical distribution managed by Content Media following its screening on ITV1 in April 2012. Also, in 2012, Rhys is set to play ""Jimmy"" with the Roundabout Theatre Company's Off-Broadway revival of John Osborne's play, Look Back in Anger. Look Back in Anger is set to open officially on 2 February at the Laura Pels Theatre in the Harold and Miriam Steinberg Center for Theatre. The production will play a limited engagement through 8 April 2012. Rhys is close friends with actor Ioan Gruffudd, and they shared a house for nearly 10 years. He served as a best man at Gruffudd's wedding, and wrote a speech for the occasion. Both men are patrons of Trust PA, a UK spinal injuries charity. Rhys is:",1
Wes Foderingham,"Wes Foderingham  2020-02-21T21:27:34Z  Wesley Andrew Foderingham (born 14 January 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scottish Premiership club Rangers. He is a former England U19 international. Foderingham was with Fulham and Crystal Palace as a young player, but did not make a league appearance for either club. After playing on loan for a number of non-league clubs, he signed for Swindon Town and made over 160 appearances in the Football League for the Wiltshire club. In July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with Scottish club Rangers upon being released by Swindon. Foderingham was born in Hammersmith, London. He started with Fulham in their youth squad before moving on loan to Bromley. After being released by Fulham, Foderingham signed his first professional contract with Crystal Palace in August 2010, before going on loan with Histon in March 2011. In October 2011 he signed on loan with Swindon Town until January 2012 to cover for injured keeper Phil Smith, making his debut on 15 October 2011 against Accrington Stanley. During his time on loan in 15 games for Swindon, Foderingham conceded just six goals and kept nine clean sheets. This prompted Swindon manager Paolo Di Canio to buy the keeper for an undisclosed sum on 6 January 2012, on a contract running until July 2014. There were fears that such a record would prompt other clubs to beat Swindon Town to his signature, but Foderingham had no doubt in his mind which club he wanted to sign for. Following an abject performance against Stoke City in the League Cup, in which Swindon won 4–3, he was substituted for Leigh Bedwell in the very next game after twenty-one minutes, with Swindon two goals down. Foderingham reacted angrily to his substitution; kicking a water bottle as he left the pitch and refusing to acknowledge his manager. Manager Di Canio then publicly criticised Foderingham after the game and claimed that if he did not apologise for his actions, he would be 'out' of the club. Foderingham later issued an apology, which was accepted by Di Canio. Foderingham was released by Swindon Town at the end of the 2014–15 season upon the expiry of his contract. On 3 July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with then Scottish Championship club Rangers. He made his debut for the Ibrox club in a 6–2 win over Hibernian in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup and was Rangers' first choice goalkeeper over Cammy Bell under new Rangers manager Mark Warburton. On 19 July 2016, Foderingham extended his contract with Rangers for another year until 2019. In July 2018, under new Manager Steven Gerrard, Foderingham became second-choice goalkeeper largely due to the return of Allan McGregor to the Rangers team after a six year absence. Foderingham made his first appearance of the season for Rangers in a 3-1 win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup. Foderingham has represented England at various levels including England U19s. He is a supporter of Newcastle United. Swindon Town Rangers Individual,  Wes Foderingham  2021-12-20T22:08:08Z  Wesley Andrew Foderingham (born 14 January 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for EFL Championship club Sheffield United. He is a former England U19 international. Foderingham was with Fulham and Crystal Palace as a young player, but did not make a league appearance for either club. After playing on loan for a number of non-league clubs, he signed for Swindon Town and made over 160 appearances in the Football League for the Wiltshire club. In July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with Scottish club Rangers upon being released by Swindon. Foderingham was born in Hammersmith, Greater London. He started with Fulham in their youth squad before moving on loan to Bromley. After being released by Fulham, Foderingham signed his first professional contract with Crystal Palace in August 2010, before going on loan with Histon in March 2011. In October 2011 he signed on loan with Swindon Town until January 2012 to cover for injured keeper Phil Smith, making his debut on 15 October 2011 against Accrington Stanley. During his time on loan in 15 games for Swindon, Foderingham conceded just six goals and kept nine clean sheets. This prompted Swindon manager Paolo Di Canio to buy the keeper for an undisclosed sum on 6 January 2012, on a contract running until July 2014. There were fears that such a record would prompt other clubs to beat Swindon Town to his signature, but Foderingham had no doubt in his mind which club he wanted to sign for. Following an abject performance against Stoke City in the League Cup, in which Swindon won 4–3, he was substituted for Leigh Bedwell in the very next game after twenty-one minutes, with Swindon two goals down. Foderingham reacted angrily to his substitution; kicking a water bottle as he left the pitch and refusing to acknowledge his manager. Manager Di Canio then publicly criticised Foderingham after the game and claimed that if he did not apologise for his actions, he would be 'out' of the club. Foderingham later issued an apology, which was accepted by Di Canio. Foderingham was released by Swindon Town at the end of the 2014–15 season upon the expiry of his contract. On 3 July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with then Scottish Championship club Rangers. He made his debut for the Ibrox club in a 6–2 win over Hibernian in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup and was Rangers' first choice goalkeeper over Cammy Bell under new Rangers manager Mark Warburton. On 19 July 2016, Foderingham extended his contract with Rangers for another year until 2019. In July 2018, under new Manager Steven Gerrard, Foderingham became second-choice goalkeeper largely due to the return of Allan McGregor to the Rangers team after a six-year absence. Foderingham made his first appearance of the season for Rangers in a 3–1 win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup. On 19 May 2020 it was announced that he would leave Rangers at the end of May when his contract ended. Foderingham joined Premier League club Sheffield United on 17 July 2020 on a three-year contract. Foderingham has represented England at various levels including England U19s. He is a supporter of Newcastle United. Swindon Town Rangers Individual",1
Ralph_Jacobi,"Ralph_Jacobi  2009-12-23T19:39:47Z   Ralph Jacobi AM (4 December 4 1928 – 16 January 2002) was a long-serving Australian Labor Party representative for the South Australian Division of Hawker in the Australian House of Representatives. He served from October 25, 1969 to his retirement on June 5, 1987. Before parliament, Jacobi was employed in the merchant navy and in trade union office. Jacobi had an interest in Australian Law, and during his term in parliament made a contribution to the Australian Law Reform Commission. In 1987, knowledge of Jacobi's condition of lymphatic cancer became known, consequently nearly all members of the House of Representatives signed a petition for him to be appointed to the Order of Australia. This article about an Australian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ,  Ralph_Jacobi  2011-06-27T01:57:40Z   Ralph Jacobi AM (4 December 1928 – 16 January 2002) was a long-serving Australian Labor Party representative for the South Australian Division of Hawker in the Australian House of Representatives. He served from 25 October 1969 to his retirement on 5 June 1987. Before parliament, Jacobi was employed in the merchant navy and in trade union office. Jacobi had an interest in Australian Law, and during his term in parliament made a contribution to the Australian Law Reform Commission. In 1987, knowledge of Jacobi's condition of lymphatic cancer became known, consequently nearly all members of the House of Representatives signed a petition for him to be appointed to the Order of Australia. Template:Persondata This article about an Australian Labor Party member of the House of Representatives is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",0
Kilmarnock F.C.,"Kilmarnock F.C.  2020-01-02T00:37:48Z  Kilmarnock Football Club, commonly known as Killie, is a Scottish professional football team based in the town of Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire. The team is currently managed by Alex Dyer. The club has won several honours since its formation in 1869, most recently the 2011–12 Scottish League Cup after a 1–0 win over Celtic at Hampden Park. Kilmarnock Football Club is currently the oldest football club in the Scottish Premiership, and are also the oldest professional club in Scotland. Home matches are played at Rugby Park, a 17,889 capacity all seater stadium situated in the town itself. Kilmarnock took part in the first ever official match in the Scottish Cup against the now defunct Renton in 1873. Kilmarnock have a long standing football rivalry with fellow Ayrshire side Ayr United, with both teams playing frequently in the Ayrshire derby in which both sides first met in September 1910. Kilmarnock have long been the most successful side in the Ayrshire derby, winning 189 times in 256 meetings. The club have qualified for European competitions on nine occasions, their best performance coming in the 1966–67 Fairs Cup when they progressed to the semi-finals, eventually being eliminated by Leeds United. The club is also one of only a few Scottish clubs to have played in all three European competitions (European Cup, Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Cup). The club's foundation dates back to the very earliest days of organised football in Scotland, when a group of local cricketers looking for a sporting pursuit to occupy them outside of the cricket season looked to form a football club. On 5 January 1869 the club was founded during a general meeting at Robertson's Temperance Hotel on Portland Street. Originally they played a game more similar to rugby and these origins are reflected to this day by the name of the club's home ground – Rugby Park. The difficulty in organising fixtures under this code and the growing influence of Queen's Park soon persuaded them to adopt the association code instead. At this time, the club played games in a number locations including Holm Quarry, the Grange on Irvine Road and a location close to the current Rugby Park. Following the formation of Scotland's earliest football clubs in the 1860s, football experienced a rapid growth but there was no formal structure, and matches were often arranged in a haphazard and irregular fashion. Queen's Park, a Glasgow club founded in 1867, took the lead, and following an advertisement in a Glasgow newspaper in 1873, representatives from seven clubs – Queen's Park, Clydesdale, Vale of Leven, Dumbreck, Third Lanark, Eastern and Granville – attended a meeting on 13 March 1873. Furthermore, Kilmarnock sent a letter stating their willingness to form the Scottish Football Association. That day, these eight clubs formed the Scottish Football Association, and resolved that: The clubs here represented form themselves into an association for the promotion of football according to the rules of The Football Association and that the clubs connected with this association subscribe for a challenge cup to be played for annually, the committee to propose the laws of the competition. Kilmarnock also competed in the inaugural Scottish Cup tournament in 1873–74. Their 2–0 defeat against Renton in the First Round on 18 October 1873 is thought to have been the first match ever played in the competition. Kilmarnock joined the Scottish League in 1895 and after winning consecutive Second Division titles were elected to the top flight for the first time in 1899. In 1920 Kilmarnock won the Scottish Cup for the first time beating Albion Rovers at Hampden. This was followed soon by their second success in 1929 where they beat massive favourites Rangers 2–0 at the national stadium in front of a crowd of 114,708 people. In 1964–65 Heart of Midlothian fought out a championship title race with Willie Waddell's Kilmarnock. In the era of two points for a win Hearts were three points clear with two games remaining. Hearts drew with Dundee United meaning the last game of the season with the two title challengers playing each other at Tynecastle would be a league decider. Kilmarnock needed to win by a two-goal margin to take the title. Hearts entered the game as favourites with both a statistical and home advantage. They also had a solid pedigree of trophy winning under Tommy Walker. Waddell's Kilmarnock in contrast had been nearly men. Four times in the previous five seasons they had finished league runners-up including Hearts’ triumph in 1960. Killie had also lost three domestic cup finals during the same period including the 1962 League Cup Final defeat to Hearts. Hearts had won five of the six senior cup finals they played in under Walker. Even the final they had lost was in a replay after drawing the first game. Hearts' Roald Jensen hit the post after six minutes. Kilmarnock then scored twice through Davie Sneddon and Brian McIlroy after 27 and 29 minutes. Alan Gordon had an excellent chance to clinch the title for Hearts in second half injury time but was denied by a Bobby Ferguson diving save pushing the ball past the post. The 2–0 defeat meant Hearts lost the title by an average of 0.042 goals. Subsequently, Hearts were instrumental in pushing through a change to use goal difference to separate teams level on points. Ironically this rule change later denied Hearts the title in 1985–86. This is the only time to date Killie have been Scottish champions. Decline in the 1980s brought relegation to the Second Division. Killie returned to the top division with promotion in 1993. They lifted the Scottish Cup for the third time in 1997 thanks to a 1–0 victory over Falkirk in the final. The club have qualified for European competitions on nine occasions, their best performance coming in the 1966–67 Fairs Cup when they progressed to the semi-finals, eventually being eliminated by Leeds United. The club is also one of only a few Scottish clubs to have played in all three European competitions (European Cup, Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Cup). Kilmarnock reached the 2007 Scottish League Cup Final, but suffered a 5–1 defeat in the final by Hibernian. After selling Steven Naismith to Rangers for a club-record fee in August 2007, Killie struggled in the 2007–08 Scottish Premier League, finishing in 11th place with 40 points. In January 2010, Kilmarnock were second bottom of the 2009–10 Scottish Premier League, with last placed Falkirk just two points behind. On 11 January 2010, Jim Jefferies left the club by ""mutual consent"" and Jimmy Calderwood was appointed manager. Kilmarnock then achieved a first win in nine years against Celtic. Continued poor form, however, meant a final day showdown at Rugby Park with Falkirk for SPL survival. Kilmarnock began the game with a two-point advantage over their rivals and a goalless draw on the day was good enough to secure top-flight football for another year. They ended the season with just 33 points, their worst points finish in the SPL. After Calderwood left the team at the end the season, Mixu Paatelainen was appointed manager for the next two years with an option for a third. Despite being the favourites for relegation that season, Kilmarnock finished the season in fifth position. Paatelainen left Kilmarnock to become manager of Finland and his assistant Kenny Shiels was appointed manager. Kilmarnock progressed to the 2012 Scottish League Cup Final with wins against Queen of the South, East Fife and Ayr United in an Ayrshire derby at Hampden. Kilmarnock won the League Cup for the first time, as they defeated Celtic 1–0 in the final. Dieter van Tornhout scored the only goal six minutes from time, with Cammy Bell named Man of the Match. In June 2013, after three years at Kilmarnock Football Club, manager Kenny Shiels was sacked by chairman Michael Johnston after a ""mutual agreement"" between the two. Allan Johnston signed a two-year contract and was appointed manager on 24 June 2013, with Sandy Clark as the assistant manager. Sandy Clark left his role in the summer of 2014 with the club looking to go in a new direction, and ex-Killie player and former Hearts manager Gary Locke was appointed as his assistant. Allan Johnston was sacked in February 2015 after informing the press of his intention to leave in the summer, before discussing this with the board. Gary Locke was placed in interim charge, before signing a three-year deal in April 2015. Kilmarnock went on to lose seven of their final eight games of the season, but were spared the play-off spot after a 4–1 win over Partick Thistle. The 2015–16 season would prove difficult for the team. Gary Locke was removed from his position as manager in February 2016, with Lee Clark being appointed as his replacement. Despite a small uplift in form, the team finished in 11th place and faced a relegation play-off against championship side Falkirk in order to stay in the top flight. Despite losing 0–1 in the first leg, Killie fought back and comfortably won the second leg 4–0 (4–1 on aggregate), securing the club’s status in the Scottish Premiership for another season. Clark would leave Kilmarnock for a return to England with Bury in February 2017, exactly a year after his arrival. Former Rangers player Lee McCulloch, assistant to both Locke and Clark, was placed in temporary charge until the end of the season, achieving an eighth place finish. The following season saw another poor start, with an early defeat to rivals Ayr United in the league cup group stages, followed by a disappointing start to the league campaign. McCulloch was sacked in September 2017 with the club rooted to the bottom of the table. In an unexpected move, Kilmarnock appointed former Chelsea and West Brom coach Steve Clarke two weeks later. It was Clarke’s first involvement with the Scottish game in 30 years. His appointment saw a dramatic upturn in form, with the club ultimately finishing in fifth place, earning Clarke the Manager of the Year award in the process. The 2018–19 season saw Kilmarnock celebrate their 150th anniversary, and the team continued their strong form in the league, both home and away, culminating in a final day showdown with Rangers at Rugby Park. Kilmarnock won the match 2–1 and the result secured a third place finish in the league, which guaranteed Kilmarnock European football for the first time since 2001. The season's results also set a new record points total for the club and their highest placed finish in the league since 1966. The following day, Clarke was signed by the Scottish FA to become the head coach of the Scotland National Team. The earliest known Kilmarnock kit from 1879 consisted of an all blue jersey with white trousers. The shirt bore a crest which was described as ""a hand, index and second fingers upright, thumb outstretched, other fingers enclosed over a palm"" (an adoption of the historic Clan Boyd chief's heraldic crest). The hand rested on a bar over a ball marked KFC. Between 1887-1890 Kilmarnock wore black and white striped tops. Thereafter, the club has predominantly played in blue and white striped or hooped shirts with either blue or white shorts. The club have also occasionally played in plain blue and plain white tops; this was suggested by Ross Quigley whom at the time was one of the first directors of the club, although the kit was later changed to the hooped style in 1920. The club's away colours have varied greatly over time. Yellow is generally regarded as the club's main third colour; but white, red and purple away kits have also appeared in recent years. Between 2008 and 2014, the club manufactured their kits under their own sportswear brand, 1869. Following this, Italian company Erreá was the manufacturer. The current shirt sponsors are the locally based QTS Group with American company Nike manufacturing the kit, which can only be bought from their own store at Rugby Park. The club badge is a modernised version of previous club badges. It features a ball bearing a hand in a blessing position, flanked by two red squirrels. The club's Latin motto, 'confidemus' ('we trust'), is written above the badge (similar to the Clan Boyd heraldic motto, 'confido' ('I trust')). The club adopted the badge in 1993 after The Lord Lyon decreed that the previous badge, based heavily upon the town crest, was in breach of ancient Scottish heraldic rules. In October 2018 the club unveiled a special badge for the club's 150th anniversary. Kilmarnock first played football matches at the present Rugby Park site in 1899. Despite this, the venue is actually Kilmarnock’s fourth home ground. The Grange, Holm Quarry and Ward's Park all hosted matches before the club moved to Rugby Park in 1877. This was not the present stadium, but one situated close by near South Hamilton Street. This ground was shared by cricket and rugby teams – sports which Kilmarnock had played previously – and the connection with rugby gave the ground its name. This name was taken with the club when they moved to their present stadium. During 1994–95 season the stadium capacity was significantly reduced as three new stands were constructed; the Moffat Stand, the Chadwick Stand and the East Stand. Their completion brought the capacity of the stadium to 15,003. The stadium opened on 6 August 1995, in a friendly match against English champions Blackburn Rovers. Mike Newell hit a hat-trick as the home team lost 5–0. A FIFA 2 star FieldTurf artificial pitch was installed at Rugby Park for the start of the 2014–15 season. The pitch is capable of hosting rugby matches as well as football. A new artificial hybrid surface was installed during the 2019 close season. Kilmarnock's biggest rivalry is with their South Ayrshire neighbours Ayr United and together they contest the Ayrshire Derby. The fixture has been played 256 times since their first meeting on 14 September 1910. Killie have won on 189 occasions. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Information correct as of matches played 17th December 2019. Only official Scottish League, Scottish Cup, Scottish League Cup and European Competition matches are counted The song ""Paper Roses"", originally a hit by American singer and activist Anita Bryant, was adopted by Kilmarnock fans as their own club anthem. American singer and actress Marie Osmond, who is famous for recording this song, surprised the fans in February 2013 and performed at Rugby Park along with a meet and greet session, signing autographs for the players and fans. ,  Kilmarnock F.C.  2021-12-26T21:02:23Z  Kilmarnock Football Club, commonly known as Killie, is a Scottish professional football team based in the town of Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire. The team is currently without a manager after the departure of Tommy Wright, who was sacked in December 2021. The club has achieved several honours since its formation in 1869, most recently the 2011–12 Scottish League Cup after a 1–0 win over Celtic at Hampden Park. Kilmarnock Football Club is currently the oldest football club in the Scottish Championship, and also the oldest professional club in Scotland. Home matches are played at Rugby Park, a 17,889 capacity all seater stadium situated in the town itself. Kilmarnock took part in the first-ever official match in the Scottish Cup against the now-defunct Renton in 1873. The club have qualified for European competitions on nine occasions, their best performance coming in the 1966–67 Fairs Cup when they progressed to the semi-finals, eventually being eliminated by Leeds United. The club is also one of only a few Scottish clubs to have played in all three European competitions (European Cup, Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Cup). Kilmarnock have a long-standing football rivalry with fellow Ayrshire side Ayr United, with both teams playing frequently in the Ayrshire derby in which both sides first met in September 1910. Kilmarnock have long been the most successful side in the Ayrshire derby, winning 189 times in 256 meetings. The club nickname, Killie, is the Scottish slang term for the town of Kilmarnock. The club's foundation dates back to the very earliest days of organised football in Scotland, when a group of local cricketers looking for a sporting pursuit to occupy them outside of the cricket season looked to form a football club. On 5 January 1869 the club was founded during a general meeting at Robertson's Temperance Hotel on Portland Street. Originally they played a game more similar to rugby and these origins are reflected to this day by the name of the club's home ground – Rugby Park. The difficulty in organising fixtures under this code and the growing influence of Queen's Park soon persuaded them to adopt the association code instead. At this time, the club played games in a number locations including Holm Quarry, the Grange on Irvine Road and a location close to the current Rugby Park. Following the formation of Scotland's earliest football clubs in the 1860s, football experienced a rapid growth but there was no formal structure, and matches were often arranged in a haphazard and irregular fashion. Queen's Park, a Glasgow club founded in 1867, took the lead, and following an advertisement in a Glasgow newspaper in 1873, representatives from seven clubs – Queen's Park, Clydesdale, Vale of Leven, Dumbreck, Third Lanark, Eastern and Granville – attended a meeting on 13 March 1873. Furthermore, Kilmarnock sent a letter stating their willingness to form the Scottish Football Association. That day, these eight clubs formed the Scottish Football Association, and resolved that: The clubs here represented form themselves into an association for the promotion of football according to the rules of The Football Association and that the clubs connected with this association subscribe for a challenge cup to be played for annually, the committee to propose the laws of the competition. Kilmarnock also competed in the inaugural Scottish Cup tournament in 1873–74. Their 2–0 defeat against Renton in the First Round on 18 October 1873 is thought to have been the first match ever played in the competition. Kilmarnock joined the Scottish League in 1895 and after winning consecutive Second Division titles were elected to the top flight for the first time in 1899. In 1920 Kilmarnock won the Scottish Cup for the first time, beating Albion Rovers at Hampden Park. This was followed by their second success in 1929 where they beat massive favourites Rangers 2–0 at the national stadium in front of a crowd of 114,708 people. They soon reached another final against the same opposition in 1932 but this time were beaten after a replay, and the same outcome followed in the 1938 final against East Fife, Killie this time the team on the receiving end of an upset. In 1964–65 Heart of Midlothian fought out a championship title race with Willie Waddell's Kilmarnock. In the era of two points for a win Hearts were three points clear with two games remaining. Hearts drew with Dundee United meaning the last game of the season with the two title challengers playing each other at Tynecastle would be a league decider. Kilmarnock needed to win by a two-goal margin to take the title. Hearts entered the game as favourites with both a statistical and home advantage. They also had a solid pedigree of trophy-winning under Tommy Walker. Waddell's Kilmarnock in contrast had been nearly men. Four times in the previous five seasons they had finished league runners-up including Hearts’ triumph in 1960. Killie had also lost three domestic cup finals during the same period including the 1962 League Cup Final defeat to Hearts. Hearts had won five of the six senior cup finals they played in under Walker. Even the final they had lost was in a replay after drawing the first game. Hearts' Roald Jensen hit the post after six minutes. Kilmarnock then scored twice through Davie Sneddon and Brian McIlroy after 27 and 29 minutes. Alan Gordon had an excellent chance to clinch the title for Hearts in second half injury time but was denied by a Bobby Ferguson diving save pushing the ball past the post. The 2–0 defeat meant Hearts lost the title by an average of 0.042 goals. Subsequently, Hearts were instrumental in pushing through a change to use goal difference to separate teams level on points. Ironically this rule change later denied Hearts the title in 1985–86. This is the only time to date Killie have been Scottish champions. Decline in the 1980s brought relegation to the Second Division. Killie returned to the top division with promotion in 1993. They lifted the Scottish Cup for the third time in 1997 thanks to a 1–0 victory over Falkirk in the final. The club have qualified for European competitions on nine occasions, their best performance coming in the 1966–67 Fairs Cup when they progressed to the semi-finals, eventually being eliminated by Leeds United. The club is also one of only a few Scottish clubs to have played in all three European competitions (European Cup, Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Cup). Kilmarnock reached the 2007 Scottish League Cup Final, but suffered a 5–1 defeat in the final by Hibernian. After selling Steven Naismith to Rangers for a club-record fee in August 2007, Killie struggled in the 2007–08 Scottish Premier League, finishing in 11th place with 40 points. In January 2010, Kilmarnock were second bottom of the 2009–10 Scottish Premier League, with last placed Falkirk just two points behind. On 11 January 2010, Jim Jefferies left the club by ""mutual consent"" and Jimmy Calderwood was appointed manager. Kilmarnock then achieved a first win in nine years against Celtic. Continued poor form, however, meant a final day showdown at Rugby Park with Falkirk for SPL survival. Kilmarnock began the game with a two-point advantage over their rivals and a goalless draw on the day was good enough to secure top-flight football for another year. They ended the season with just 33 points, their worst points finish in the SPL. After Calderwood left the team at the end of the season, Mixu Paatelainen was appointed manager for the next two years with an option for a third. Despite being the favourites for relegation that season, Kilmarnock finished the season in fifth position. Paatelainen left Kilmarnock to become manager of Finland and his assistant Kenny Shiels was appointed manager. Kilmarnock progressed to the 2012 Scottish League Cup Final with wins against Queen of the South, East Fife and Ayr United in an Ayrshire derby at Hampden. Kilmarnock won the League Cup for the first time, as they defeated Celtic 1–0 in the final. Dieter van Tornhout scored the only goal six minutes from time, with Cammy Bell named Man of the Match. In June 2013, after three years at Kilmarnock Football Club, manager Kenny Shiels was sacked by chairman Michael Johnston after a ""mutual agreement"" between the two. Allan Johnston signed a two-year contract and was appointed manager on 24 June 2013, with Sandy Clark as the assistant manager. Sandy Clark left his role in the summer of 2014 with the club looking to go in a new direction, and ex-Killie player and former Hearts manager Gary Locke was appointed as his assistant. Allan Johnston was sacked in February 2015 after informing the press of his intention to leave in the summer, before discussing this with the board. Gary Locke was placed in interim charge, before signing a three-year deal in April 2015. Kilmarnock went on to lose seven of their final eight games of the season, but were spared the play-off spot after a 4–1 win over Partick Thistle. The 2015–16 season would prove difficult for the team. Gary Locke was removed from his position as manager in February 2016, with Lee Clark being appointed as his replacement. Despite a small uplift in form, the team finished in 11th place and faced a relegation play-off against championship side Falkirk in order to stay in the top flight. Despite losing 0–1 in the first leg, Killie fought back and comfortably won the second leg 4–0 (4–1 on aggregate), securing the club’s status in the Scottish Premiership for another season. Clark would leave Kilmarnock for a return to England with Bury in February 2017, exactly a year after his arrival. Former Rangers player Lee McCulloch, assistant to both Locke and Clark, was placed in temporary charge until the end of the season, achieving an eighth place finish. The following season saw another poor start, with an early defeat to rivals Ayr United in the league cup group stages, followed by a disappointing start to the league campaign. McCulloch was sacked in September 2017 with the club rooted to the bottom of the table. In an unexpected move, Kilmarnock appointed former Chelsea and West Bromwich Albion coach Steve Clarke two weeks later. It was Clarke’s first involvement with the Scottish game in 30 years. His appointment saw a dramatic upturn in form, with the club ultimately finishing in fifth place, earning him the SFWA Manager of the Year award in the process. The 2018–19 season saw Kilmarnock celebrate their 150th anniversary, and the team continued their strong form in the league, both home and away, culminating in a final day fixture against Rangers at Rugby Park. Kilmarnock won the match 2–1 and the result secured a third place finish in the league, which guaranteed Kilmarnock European football for the first time since 2001. The season's results also set a new record points total for the club and their highest placed finish in the league since 1966. The following day, Clarke was signed by the Scottish FA to become the head coach of the Scotland National Team. Since the departure of Steve Clarke, Kilmarnock has had a number of managers including former Juventus and Chelsea assistant coach Angelo Alessio. In Alessio's second match in charge, Kilmarnock lost in Europa League qualification to Welsh Premier League club Connah's Quay Nomads. Alessio was sacked in December 2019, with the team sitting in fifth place. Following his departure, Alex Dyer, assistant coach to both Alessio and Steve Clarke, was appointed on an initial caretaker basis until the end of the season, before all football was abruptly ended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Dyer's services were retained by the club and he signed a new contract extension in June 2020. However, following a poor start to the new season, he would leave the club in January 2021 by mututal consent. In February 2021, former St Johnstone manager Tommy Wright was appointed as the club's third manager in two years. On 24 May 2021 following a play−off defeat to Dundee, Kilmarnock were relegated to the Scottish Championship, bringing an end to their 28 year stay in the top flight of Scottish football. Since June 1906, Kilmarnock F.C. has been owned by the private limited company The Kilmarnock Football Club Ltd. Since 2014, the majority shareholder of the club is Ayrshire businessman Billy Bowie, who oversees all operations of the club. Kilmarnock became debt-free under Bowie's control in 2017 after several years of financial difficulty. In May 2018 Kilmarnock made a landmark move by appointing Phyllis McLeish, commercial director of the QTS Group, to the club's board and in doing so became the first female board member in over 20 years. Later that same month, the club appointed its second female board member in Cathy Jamieson, former MP for the Kilmarnock and Loudoun district and a life-long Killie fan. Her appointment came after being nominated by The Killie Trust Initiative l, who raised over £100,000 to have a member of the trust on the board. Kilmarnock's biggest rivalry is with their South Ayrshire neighbours Ayr United and together they contest the Ayrshire derby. The fixture has been played 256 times since their first meeting on 14 September 1910. Killie have won on 189 occasions. This fixture will be revived in season 2021–22, as both clubs will be in the same division following Kilmarnock's relegation to the Scottish Championship. The earliest known Kilmarnock kit from 1879 consisted of an all-blue jersey with white trousers. The shirt bore a crest which was described as ""a hand, index and second fingers upright, thumb outstretched, other fingers enclosed over a palm"" (an adoption of the historic Clan Boyd chief's heraldic crest). The hand rested on a bar over a ball marked KFC. Between 1887-1890 Kilmarnock wore black and white striped tops. Thereafter, the club has predominantly played in blue and white striped or hooped shirts with either blue or white shorts. The club have also occasionally played in plain blue and plain white tops; this was suggested by Ross Quigley who, at the time, was one of the first directors of the club, although the kit was later changed to the hooped style in 1920. The club's away colours have varied greatly over time. Yellow is generally regarded as the club's main third colour; but white, red and purple away kits have also appeared in recent years. Between 2008 and 2014, the club manufactured their kits under their own sportswear brand, 1869. Following this, Italian company Erreá was the manufacturer. The current kit manufacturers are American company Nike; it can only be bought from the store at Rugby Park. The club badge is a modernised version of previous club badges. It features a ball bearing a hand in a blessing position, flanked by two red squirrels. The club's Latin motto, confidemus (we trust), is written above the badge (similar to the Clan Boyd heraldic motto, confido (I trust)). The club adopted the badge in 1992 after The Lord Lyon decreed that the previous badge, based heavily upon the town crest, was in breach of ancient Scottish heraldic rules. In October 2018 the club unveiled a special badge for the club's 150th anniversary. The club's mascot is a squirrel named 'Captain Conker' after the squirrels found on the club's crest and the Boyd coats of arms. In the past the 'Killie Pie' mascot was also a regular at Rugby Park on matchdays. Previously the mascot was Nutz the squirrel, played by long-time Kilmarnock fan Ian Downie who died in 2020. Kilmarnock first played football matches at the present Rugby Park site in 1899. Despite this, the venue is actually Kilmarnock’s fourth home ground. The Grange, Holm Quarry and Ward's Park all hosted matches before the club moved to Rugby Park in 1877. This was not the present stadium, but one situated close by near South Hamilton Street. This ground was shared by cricket and rugby teams – sports which Kilmarnock had played previously – and the connection with rugby gave the ground its name. This name was taken with the club when they moved to their present stadium. During the 1994–95 season the stadium capacity was significantly reduced as three new stands were constructed; the Moffat Stand, the Chadwick Stand and the East Stand. Their completion brought the capacity of the stadium to 15,003. The stadium opened on 6 August 1995, in a friendly match against English champions Blackburn Rovers. Mike Newell hit a hat-trick as the home team lost 5–0. A FIFA 2 star FieldTurf artificial pitch was installed at Rugby Park for the start of the 2014–15 season. The pitch is capable of hosting rugby matches as well as football. A new artificial hybrid surface was installed during the 2019 close season. In February 2019 Kilmarnock received approval to install a new safe-standing section in areas of the East and Moffat stands. The installation process was completed in early December of that year. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Since formation of the Scottish Premier League (1998) Information correct as of matches played 30 January 2021. Only official Scottish League, Scottish Cup, Scottish League Cup and European Competition matches are counted Source: The song ""Paper Roses"", originally a hit by American singer and activist Anita Bryant, was adopted by Kilmarnock fans as their own club anthem. American singer and actress Marie Osmond, who is famous for recording this song, surprised the fans in February 2013 and performed at Rugby Park along with a meet and greet session, signing autographs for the players and fans.",1
Stephen Dorff,"Stephen Dorff  2021-01-06T13:36:20Z  Stephen Hartley Dorff Jr. (born July 29, 1973) is an American actor, known for portraying Roland West in the third season of HBO's crime drama anthology series True Detective, PK in The Power of One, Stuart Sutcliffe in Backbeat, Johnny Marco in Sofia Coppola's Somewhere, Glen in The Gate, and for his roles in Cecil B. DeMented, The Motel Life, S.F.W., Space Truckers, and in Blade as vampire-overlord Deacon Frost. Dorff was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Nancy and Steve Dorff, who is a composer and music producer. His father is Jewish, and his mother was Catholic, and Dorff has stated that he was ""kinda brought up half-Jewish."" Dorff's brother Andrew (1976–2016) was a country music songwriter. He was raised in Los Angeles, where his father worked, and began acting as a child, appearing in commercials for Kraft and Mattel. Dorff attended several private schools, and was expelled from five of them. Dorff started acting in the late 1980s, landing only minor roles at first. He made guest appearances in television programs such as Diff'rent Strokes, Blossom, Roseanne, Married... with Children. He appeared in the television movies In Love and War, I Know My First Name is Steven and What a Dummy. Dorff's first major film role was in The Gate (1987), a horror film about a boy who, along with a friend, discovers a hole in his back yard that is a gateway to Hell. In 1990, he landed a leading role opposite Patty Duke in the TV movie Always Remember i Love You. In 1992, he starred in The Power of One opposite Sir John Gielgud, Morgan Freeman, and Daniel Craig. In 1993, director Marty Callner hired him to star alongside teen idol Alicia Silverstone in the music video Cryin' by American rock band Aerosmith. He had a leading role as the love interest of Reese Witherspoon's character in S.F.W. (1994). In 1994 Dorff starred in the Iain Softley film Backbeat as the ""fifth Beatle"" Stuart Sutcliffe during the early days of the Beatles' existence as a group. Dorff's performance was critically acclaimed, with Paul McCartney remarking that while he was disappointed with some aspects of the film, ""I was quite taken, however, with Stephen Dorff's astonishing performance as Stu."" In 1996, he starred in the movie Space Truckers and as Candy Darling in I Shot Andy Warhol, a film about Valerie Solanas, the woman infamous for shooting pop-art icon Andy Warhol. He was one of the first actors to act in the first digitally downloadable movie, SightSound.com's Quantum Project, also starring John Cleese. He played the protagonist, XIII, of a live action TV series of the comic/video game of XIII. He is known for his part as the evil vampire Deacon Frost in the Marvel Comics superhero horror film, Blade (1998). In 1999 he starred opposite Susan Sarandon in Earthly Possessions. He played Dale Massie in the 2003 thriller Cold Creek Manor, alongside Dennis Quaid and Sharon Stone. In 2010, he starred in the drama Somewhere opposite Elle Fanning, directed by Sofia Coppola. In an interview with The Chic Spy, he described what landing the role meant to him after the loss of his mother, ""It almost felt like a savior, this movie, because I felt like it helped me ... I was real empty inside so this was an incredible thing that made me smile."" In 2004, Dorff starred in the music video for ""Everytime"" by Britney Spears, playing Spears' boyfriend. He appeared in the 2009 films Public Enemies and Black Water Transit. Dorff appeared as porn star Dick Shadow in the sex industry comedy Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star, a film produced by Adam Sandler, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Recently, Dorff has appeared in television and print advertisements for blu eCigs, an electronic cigarette company. In 2013, he was a guest of honor on 6th Off Plus Camera Dorff also starred in The Motel Life opposite Emile Hirsch, Dakota Fanning and Kris Kristofferson and in the crime drama film Officer Down. In 2017, he played obsessed Texas Ranger Hal Hartman in the Texas Chain Saw Massacre prequel Leatherface. Dorff starred as Detective Roland West in Season 3 of HBO's series True Detective. ,  Stephen Dorff  2022-11-30T06:03:42Z  Stephen Hartley Dorff Jr. (born July 29, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for portraying Roland West in the third season of HBO's crime drama anthology series True Detective, PK in The Power of One, Stuart Sutcliffe in Backbeat, Johnny Marco in Sofia Coppola's Somewhere, Glen in The Gate, and for his roles in Cecil B. DeMented, The Motel Life, S.F.W., Space Truckers, and in Blade as vampire mastermind Deacon Frost. Dorff was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Nancy and Steve Dorff, who is a composer and music producer. His father is Jewish, and his mother was Catholic, and Dorff has stated that he was ""brought up half-Jewish."" Dorff's brother Andrew (1976–2016) was a country music songwriter. He was raised in Los Angeles, where his father worked, and began acting as a child, appearing in commercials for Kraft and Mattel. Dorff attended several private schools. Dorff started acting in the late 1980s, landing a few minor roles before being cast as the star of The Gate (1987), a horror film about a boy who, along with a friend, discovers a hole in his back yard that is a gateway to Hell. The film was a moderate box office success. He made guest appearances in television programs such as Diff'rent Strokes, Family Ties, Blossom, Roseanne, and Married... with Children. He appeared in the television movies In Love and War, I Know My First Name is Steven and What a Dummy. In 1990, he landed a leading role opposite Patty Duke in the TV movie Always Remember I Love You. In 1992, he starred in The Power of One opposite Sir John Gielgud, Morgan Freeman, and Daniel Craig. In 1993, director Marty Callner hired him to star alongside teen idol Alicia Silverstone in the music video Cryin' by American rock band Aerosmith. He had a leading role as the love interest of Reese Witherspoon's character in S.F.W. (1994). In 1994, Stependorff starred in the Iain Softley film Backbeat as the ""fifth Beatle"" Stuart Sutcliffe during the early days of the Beatles' existence as a group. Dorff's performance was critically acclaimed, with Paul McCartney remarking that while he was disappointed with some aspects of the film, ""I was quite taken, however, with Stephen Dorff's astonishing performance as Stu."" In 1996, he starred in the movie Space Truckers and as Candy Darling in I Shot Andy Warhol, a film about Valerie Solanas, the woman infamous for shooting pop-art icon Andy Warhol. He was one of the first actors to act in the first digitally downloadable movie, SightSound.com's Quantum Project, also starring John Cleese. He played the protagonist, XIII, of a live action TV series of the comic/video game of XIII. He is known for his part as the evil vampire Deacon Frost in the Marvel Comics superhero horror film, Blade (1998). In 1999 he starred opposite Susan Sarandon in Earthly Possessions. He played Dale Massie in the 2003 thriller Cold Creek Manor, alongside Dennis Quaid and Sharon Stone. In 2004, Dorff starred in the music video for ""Everytime"" by Britney Spears, playing Spears' boyfriend. He appeared in the 2009 films Public Enemies and Black Water Transit. In 2010, he starred in the drama Somewhere opposite Elle Fanning, directed by Sofia Coppola. He described what landing the role meant to him after the loss of his mother as ""It almost felt like a savior, this movie, because I felt like it helped me ... I was real empty inside so this was an incredible thing that made me smile."" Dorff appeared as porn star Dick Shadow in the sex industry comedy Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star, a film produced by Adam Sandler, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Dorff has appeared in television and print advertisements for blu eCigs, an electronic cigarette company. Dorff also starred in The Motel Life opposite Emile Hirsch, Dakota Fanning and Kris Kristofferson and in the crime drama film Officer Down. In 2013, he was a guest of honor on 6th Off Plus Camera In 2017, he played obsessed Texas Ranger Hal Hartman in the Texas Chain Saw Massacre prequel Leatherface. Dorff starred as Detective Roland West in Season 3 of HBO's series True Detective.",1
Iván Marcone,"Iván Marcone  2020-01-04T06:54:13Z  Iván José Maricone (born 3 June 1990) is an Argentine footballer who is currently a player for Boca Juniors as a central midfielder. Born in Sarandí, Marcone was an Arsenal de Sarandí youth graduate. He made his professional debut on 18 October 2008, coming on as a second half substitute in a 3-3 home draw against Vélez Sársfield for the Primera División championship. Marcone scored his first goal on 17 October 2009, netting the first in a 1-1 home draw against Banfield. He was an important midfield unit in the club's 2012 Clausura winning campaign, being an ever-present figure. Marcone was later linked to La Liga outfit Celta de Vigo and Major League Soccer's Chicago Fire, but both offers were rejected by Arsenal. In 2013, he was also strongly linked to Independiente, but nothing came of it. On 9 January 2015 Marcone joined Getafe CF on loan until June, with a buyout clause. However, the deal was declared void later in the month. Marcone played as a holding midfielder as Lanus reached the final of the Copa Libertadores in 2017. He was linked to a move to La Liga side UD Las Palmas afterwards as well as Club Tijuana in Mexico and Atletico Nacional in Colombia. In the summer of 2018, Marcone joined Mexican club Cruz Azul. On 21 July, Marcone debuted with Cruz Azul against Puebla and played the full 90 minutes in Cruz Azul's first match of the Apertura 2018. He won the Copa MX facing C.F. Monterrey in the final. Cruz Azul ended in 1st place in the regular season with Marcone being a very important player to the team. He took Cruz Azul to their first Liga MX final since 2013, where they had lost against Club America in one of the most dramatic finals of all time. They faced Club America again in the final of the Apertura 2018 and tied 0-0 away and lost 2-0 home, both in the Estadio Azteca. In the final, he lost the ball outside the box and ended up costing Cruz Azul the game. After 6 months in Mexico with Cruz Azul, he signed for Boca Juniors in January 2019, in hopes of getting called up to the Argentina National Football Team for the Conmebol Copa America 2019 tournament. Marcone was called up to the Argentina national football team squad in March 2017. On 26 March 2019, Marcone debut with senior team in the 1-0 win against Morocco. Born in Argentina, Marcone is of Italian descent. ,  Iván Marcone  2021-12-04T10:50:41Z  Iván José Marcone (born 3 June 1990) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for La Liga club Elche and the Argentina national team. Born in Sarandí, Marcone was an Arsenal de Sarandí youth graduate. He made his professional debut on 18 October 2008, coming on as a second half substitute in a 3–3 home draw against Vélez Sársfield for the Primera División championship. Marcone scored his first goal on 17 October 2009, netting the first in a 1–1 home draw against Banfield. He was an important midfield unit in the club's 2012 Clausura winning campaign, being an ever-present figure. Marcone was later linked to La Liga outfit Celta de Vigo and Major League Soccer's Chicago Fire, but both offers were rejected by Arsenal. In 2013, he was also strongly linked to Independiente, but nothing came of it. On 9 January 2015, Marcone joined Getafe CF on loan until June, with a buyout clause. However, the deal was declared void later in the month. Marcone played as a holding midfielder as Lanus reached the final of the Copa Libertadores in 2017. He was linked to a move to La Liga side UD Las Palmas afterwards as well as Club Tijuana in Mexico and Atletico Nacional in Colombia. In the summer of 2018, Marcone joined Mexican club Cruz Azul. On 21 July, Marcone debuted with Cruz Azul against Puebla and played the full 90 minutes in Cruz Azul's first match of the Apertura 2018. He won the Copa MX facing C.F. Monterrey in the final. Cruz Azul ended in 1st place in the regular season with Marcone being a very important player to the team. He took Cruz Azul to their first Liga MX final since 2013, where they had lost against Club America in one of the most dramatic finals of all time. They faced Club America again in the final of the Apertura 2018 and tied 0-0 away and lost 2-0 home, both in the Estadio Azteca. In the final, he lost the ball outside the box and ended up costing Cruz Azul the game. After six months in Mexico with Cruz Azul, he signed for Boca Juniors in January 2019, in hopes of getting called up to the Argentina National Football Team for the Conmebol Copa America 2019 tournament. On 5 October 2020, he was loaned to La Liga side Elche CF, with an obligatory buyout clause. Marcone was called up to the Argentina national football team squad in March 2017. On 26 March 2019, Marcone debut with senior team in the 1–0 win against Morocco. Born in Argentina, Marcone is of Italian descent. Arsenal Lanús Cruz Azul Boca Juniors",1
Antonio Candreva,"Antonio Candreva  2007-06-08T19:25:17Z  Antonio Candreva (born 28 February, 1987 in Rome) is an Italian football player. He currently plays for Udinese. Candreva started his professional career at Serie B teamTernana. After Ternana fall to Serie C1, Candreva got more chane to play for the first team. On 24 May, 2007, Candreva was signed by Udinese. A regular members of the Italian youth teams, Candreva was selected in the new 2007-2009 season Italian U-21 squad, against Albania on the first match of the qualifying group. ,  Antonio Candreva  2008-11-21T21:03:45Z  Antonio Candreva (born 28 February, 1987 in Rome) is an Italian football player. He currently plays for Livorno in Serie B italian league. Candreva started his professional career at Serie B team Ternana, where he played two Serie B games in 2004-05. After Ternana fall to Serie C1, Candreva got more chance to play for the first team. On 24 May, 2007, Candreva was signed by Udinese. A regular members of the Italian youth teams, Candreva was selected in the new 2007-2009 season Italian U-21 squad, against Albania on the first match of the qualifying group. He has been called up to play for the Italian Olympic team in China 2008. Livorno squad",1