CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE   An active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. You may need a lot of support from family and friends.  Your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them part of your daily routine.  Many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. You may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. You need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. Know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle.  Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about:  - Healthy food choices  - Healthy snacks  - Reading nutrition labels  - New ways to prepare food  - Portion sizes  - Sweetened drinks    Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. These types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again.  Learn ways to manage stress other than snacking. Examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. If you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your provider.    MEDICINES AND HERBAL REMEDIES   You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. Some of these claims may not be true. And some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your provider before using them.  You can discuss weight loss medicines with your doctor. Many people lose at least 5 pounds by taking these drugs, but they may regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine unless they have made lifestyle changes.   SURGERY   Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery can reduce the risk of certain diseases in people with severe obesity. These risks include:  - Arthritis  - Diabetes  - Heart disease  - High blood pressure  - Sleep apnea  - Some cancers  - Stroke    Surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine.  Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. Talk to your doctor to learn if surgery is a good option for you.  Weight-loss surgeries include:  - Laparoscopic gastric banding  - Gastric bypass surgery  - Sleeve gastrectomy (less common)  - Duodenal switch

CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE   An active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. You may need a lot of support from family and friends.  Your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them part of your daily routine.  Many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. You may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. You need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. Know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle.  Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about:  - Healthy food choices  - Healthy snacks  - Reading nutrition labels  - New ways to prepare food  - Portion sizes  - Sweetened drinks    Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. These types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again.  Learn ways to manage stress other than snacking. Examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. If you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your provider.    MEDICINES AND HERBAL REMEDIES   You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. Some of these claims may not be true. And some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your provider before using them.  You can discuss weight loss medicines with your doctor. Many people lose at least 5 pounds by taking these drugs, but they may regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine unless they have made lifestyle changes.   SURGERY   Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery can reduce the risk of certain diseases in people with severe obesity. These risks include:  - Arthritis  - Diabetes  - Heart disease  - High blood pressure  - Sleep apnea  - Some cancers  - Stroke    Surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine.  Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. Talk to your doctor to learn if surgery is a good option for you.  Weight-loss surgeries include:  - Laparoscopic gastric banding  - Gastric bypass surgery  - Sleeve gastrectomy (less common)  - Duodenal switch

help with obesity

I would like help on my obesity problem and if I can get help


You will have a pelvic exam. It may show:   - Swelling and redness of the skin of the vulva, in the vagina, and on the cervix   - Dry, white spots on the vaginal wall  - Cracks in the skin of the vulva.   A small amount of the vaginal discharge is examined using a microscope. This is called a wet mount and KOH test.  Sometimes, a culture is taken when the infection does not get better with treatment or comes back many times.  Your health care provider may order other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms.

vaginal yeast infection

Hey, my name is [NAME]. Last night my vaginal area was itching but I didn't think to much of it.  Well when I woke up this morning it started itching out of control.  I don't see discharge coming from the vaginal area.  Now I do use Summer's Eve vaginal spray, I don't know if it is a vaginal yeast infection or not, but how should I go about this process.


Medicines to treat vaginal yeast infections are available as creams, ointments, vaginal tablets or suppositories. Most can be bought without needing to see your health care provider.  Treating yourself at home is probably OK if:  - Your symptoms are mild and you do not have pelvic pain or a fever  - This is not your first yeast infection and you have not had many yeast infections in the past  - You are not pregnant  - You are not worried about other sexually transmitted infections from recent sexual contact    Medicines you can buy yourself to treat a vaginal yeast infection are:  - Miconazole  - Clotrimazole  - Tioconazole  - Butoconazole    When using these medicines:  - Read the packages carefully and use them as directed.   - You will need to take the medicine for 1 - 7 days, depending on which medicine you buy. (If you do not get repeated infections, a 1-day medicine might work for you.)  - Do not stop using these medicines early because your symptoms are better.    You doctor can also prescribe a pill that you only take by mouth once.  If your symptoms are worse or you get vaginal yeast infections often, you may need:  - Medicine for up to 14 days  - Clotrimazole vaginal suppository or fluconazole pill every week to prevent new infections    To help prevent and treat vaginal discharge:  - Keep your genital area clean and dry. Avoid soap and rinse with water only. Sitting in a warm, but not hot, bath may help your symptoms.  - Avoid douching. Although many women feel cleaner if they douche after their period or intercourse, it may worsen vaginal discharge. Douching removes healthy bacteria lining the vagina that protect against infection.  - Eat yogurt with live cultures or take Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets when you are on antibiotics. This will help to prevent a yeast infection.  - Use condoms to avoid catching or spreading infections.  - Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays, fragrances, or powders in the genital area.  - Avoid wearing tight-fitting pants or shorts, which may cause irritation.  - Wear cotton underwear or cotton-crotch pantyhose. Avoid underwear made of silk or nylon, because they can increase sweating in the genital area, which can cause irritation.  - Use pads and not tampons.  - Keep your blood sugar levels under good control if you have diabetes.  -  Avoid wearing wet bathing suits or exercise clothing for long periods of time. Wash sweaty or wet clothes after each use.

Medicines to treat vaginal yeast infections are available as creams, ointments, vaginal tablets or suppositories. Most can be bought without needing to see your health care provider.  Treating yourself at home is probably OK if:  - Your symptoms are mild and you do not have pelvic pain or a fever  - This is not your first yeast infection and you have not had many yeast infections in the past  - You are not pregnant  - You are not worried about other sexually transmitted infections from recent sexual contact    Medicines you can buy yourself to treat a vaginal yeast infection are:  - Miconazole  - Clotrimazole  - Tioconazole  - Butoconazole    When using these medicines:  - Read the packages carefully and use them as directed.   - You will need to take the medicine for 1 - 7 days, depending on which medicine you buy. (If you do not get repeated infections, a 1-day medicine might work for you.)  - Do not stop using these medicines early because your symptoms are better.    You doctor can also prescribe a pill that you only take by mouth once.  If your symptoms are worse or you get vaginal yeast infections often, you may need:  - Medicine for up to 14 days  - Clotrimazole vaginal suppository or fluconazole pill every week to prevent new infections    To help prevent and treat vaginal discharge:  - Keep your genital area clean and dry. Avoid soap and rinse with water only. Sitting in a warm, but not hot, bath may help your symptoms.  - Avoid douching. Although many women feel cleaner if they douche after their period or intercourse, it may worsen vaginal discharge. Douching removes healthy bacteria lining the vagina that protect against infection.  - Eat yogurt with live cultures or take Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets when you are on antibiotics. This will help to prevent a yeast infection.  - Use condoms to avoid catching or spreading infections.  - Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays, fragrances, or powders in the genital area.  - Avoid wearing tight-fitting pants or shorts, which may cause irritation.  - Wear cotton underwear or cotton-crotch pantyhose. Avoid underwear made of silk or nylon, because they can increase sweating in the genital area, which can cause irritation.  - Use pads and not tampons.  - Keep your blood sugar levels under good control if you have diabetes.  -  Avoid wearing wet bathing suits or exercise clothing for long periods of time. Wash sweaty or wet clothes after each use.

vaginal yeast infection

Hey, my name is [NAME]. Last night my vaginal area was itching but I didn't think to much of it.  Well when I woke up this morning it started itching out of control.  I don't see discharge coming from the vaginal area.  Now I do use Summer's Eve vaginal spray, I don't know if it is a vaginal yeast infection or not, but how should I go about this process.


These resources address the diagnosis or management of Milroy disease:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: Milroy Disease  - Genetic Testing Registry: Hereditary lymphedema type I  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Lymphatic Obstruction   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care

milroy disease

hello , my daughter has lymph edema her both legs and left hand is swelling , this problem started when she was of 3 months now she is  16 months , her swelling is growing day by day , im clue less what to do and what kind of treatment i should do plz help and suggest us ,


Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that involves muscle weakness, which quickly gets worse.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rapidly progressive form of muscular dystrophy that occurs primarily in boys. It is caused by an alteration (mutation) in a gene, called the DMD gene that can be inherited in families in an X-linked recessive fashion, but it often occurs in people from families without a known family history of the condition. Individuals who have DMD have progressive loss of muscle function and weakness, which begins in the lower limbs. The DMD gene is the second largest gene to date, which encodes the muscle protein, dystrophin. Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy do not make the dystrophin protein in their muscles. Duchenne muscular dystrophy affects approximately 1 in 3500 male births worldwide. Because this is an inherited disorder, risks include a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional.  I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family.


Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome from their mother and one copy of the Y chromosome from their father. If their X chromosome has a DMD gene mutation, they will have Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Females, on the other hand, have two copies of the X chromosomes.. Since females have two copies of this gene, if one copy does not work, they have a second back up copy to produce the dystrophin protein. A woman who has a genetic change in one of her two copies is said to be "a carrier" of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Carriers do not have Duchenne muscular dystrophy and most are unaware that they even carry this change in their genetic material unless they have a family history. However, recent studies have shown that some carrier females (approximately 20 percent) will show symptoms of DMD, including muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities.  With an X-linked recessive condition, the chance of passing on the changed (non-working) copy of the gene to a child is different for males and females.  Females who carry the changed copy of the gene have a 50 percent chance of passing it on with each pregnancy. Thus, there is a 25 percent chance of having a affected child with DMD (eg., 50 percent of boys have the chance of having DMD and 50 percent of girls will be carriers). The chance of a woman who has one affected son (and no family history) of being a carrier of the changed DMD gene is approximately 2/3. However, in the remaining third of individuals with DMD, the change in the dystrophin gene is a new genetic change, or de novo change and about 10 percent of new mutations are due to gonadal mosaicism. Gonadal mosaicism refers to a condition where an individual has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup in their eggs or sperm.  Males who inherit or are born with a changed copy of the DMD gene will have DMD since they have a Y chromosome, and do not have back-up X chromosome. If a male with DMD were to have children, all of his daughters would be carriers and none of his sons would be affected.  Currently various reproductive options are available to families. The preconception options include MicroSort which is a technology that can separate sperm containing X chromosomes allowing for an increase in chances of having a female. The second reproductive option is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which is a technique that can allow the cells of a fertilized egg to be tested to determine if it contains a change in the DMD gene and then implant those eggs which do not. The post conception options include Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis which analyze sampled cells derived from the developing fetus.  Several of the prenatal testing options for pregnancies at increased risk are available when the DMD disease-causing mutation has been identified in a family member, or if informative, genetically-linked markers have been identified.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional.  I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family.


Symptoms usually appear before age 6 and may appear as early as infancy.   They may include:  - Fatigue  - Learning difficulties (the IQ can be below 75)   - Intellectual disability (possible, but does not get worse over time)   Muscle weakness:  - Begins in the legs and pelvis, but also occurs less severely in the arms, neck, and other areas of the body  - Problems with motor skills (running, hopping, jumping)  - Frequent falls  - Trouble getting up from a lying position or climbing stairs  - Weakness quickly gets worse   Progressive difficulty walking:  - Ability to walk may be lost by age 12, and the child will have to use a wheelchair  - Breathing difficulties and heart disease usually start by age 20

The symptoms usually appear before age 6 and may appear as early as infancy. Typically, the first noticeable symptom is delay of motor milestones, including sitting and standing independently. The mean age for walking in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is 18 months. There is progressive muscle weakness of the legs and pelvic muscles, which is associated with a loss of muscle mass (wasting). This muscle weakness causes a waddling gait and difficulty climbing stairs. Muscle weakness also occurs in the arms, neck, and other areas, but not as severely or as early as in the lower half of the body.  Calf muscles initially enlarge and the enlarged muscle tissue is eventually replaced with fat and connective tissue (pseudohypertrophy). Muscle contractures occur in the legs, making the muscles unusable because the muscle fibers shorten and fibrosis occurs in connective tissue. Occasionally, there can be pain in the calves.  Symptoms usually appear in boys aged 1 to 6. There is a steady decline in muscle strength between the ages of 6 and 11 years. By age 10, braces may be required for walking, and by age 12, most boys are confined to a wheelchair. Bones develop abnormally, causing skeletal deformities of the spine and other areas.  Muscular weakness and skeletal deformities frequently contribute to breathing disorders. Cardiomyopathy (enlarged heart) occurs in almost all cases, beginning in the early teens in some, and in all after the age of 18 years. Intellectual impairment may occur, but it is not inevitable and does not worsen as the disorder progresses.  Few individuals with DMD live beyond their 30s. Breathing complications and cardiomyopathy are common causes of death.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional.  I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family.


There is no known cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Treatment aims to control symptoms to improve quality of life.   Steroid drugs can slow the loss of muscle strength. They may be started when the child is diagnosed or when muscle strength begins to decline.  Other treatments may include:  - Albuterol--a drug used for people with asthma  - Amino acids  - Carnitine  - Coenzyme Q10  - Creatine  - Fish oil  - Green tea extracts  - Vitamin E   However, the effects of these treatments have not been proven. Stem cells and gene therapy may be used in the future.  Activity is encouraged. Inactivity (such as bedrest) can make the muscle disease worse. Physical therapy may help to maintain muscle strength and function. Speech therapy is often needed.  Other treatments may include:  - Assisted ventilation (used during the day or night)  - Drugs to help heart function, such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics  - Orthopedic appliances (such as braces and wheelchairs) to improve mobility  - Proton pump inhibitors (for people with gastroesophageal reflux)   Several new treatments are being studied in trials.

Treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is aimed at the symptoms. Aggressive management of dilated cardiomyopathy with anti-congestive medications is used, including cardiac transplantation in severe cases. Assistive devices for respiratory complications may be needed, especially at night. The medication prednisone - a steroid - is given to improve the strength and function of individuals with DMD. Prednisone has been shown to prolong the ability to walk by 2 to 5 years. However, the possible side effects of prednisone include weight gain, high blood pressure, behavior changes, and delayed growth. A synthetic form of prednisilone, called Deflazacort, is used in Europe and believed to have fewer side effects than prednisone. A medication called cyclosporine has been used and has improved clinical function in children, but its use is controversial due to cyclosporine-induced myopathy. Oxandrolone, a medication used in a research study, has similar effects to prednisone with fewer side effects. Several other therapies are also under investigation, including coenzyme Q10, glutamine, pentoxifylline, and PTC124 (see clinical research below). Physical therapy is used to promote mobility and prevent contractures. Surgery may be needed for severe contractures and scoliosis.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional.  I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family.


Additional Resources for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy      Duchenne muscular dystrophy [nlm.nih.gov]     From Medline Plus           Muscular Dystrophy [nlm.nih.gov]     From MEDLINEplus, the National Library of Medicine Web site           Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]     From Genetics Home Reference           DMD [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]     Information on the DMD Gene: from Genetics HOME Reference           The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) [rarediseases.org]     A federation of more than 130 nonprofit voluntary health organizations serving people with rare disorders. A printed report on Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be obtained through NORDs Web site, or by calling or writing the NORD offices.           Scientists Come Step Closer to New Muscular Dystrophy Treatment [niams.nih.gov]     January 2005 research press release on DMD from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)           NINDS Muscular Dystrophy Information Page [ninds.nih.gov]     From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)           The Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) [mdausa.org]     An advocacy group for muscular dystrophy.           Muscular Dystrophy Family Foundation [mdff.org]     Funds adaptive equipment, from wheelchairs to van lifts to communication devices and beyond.           Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research [parentprojectmd.org]     A digest of breaking research news on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)           Accurate and Affordable Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Distrophy [ninds.nih.gov]     A new release from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.           Duchenne muscular dystrophy [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]     Information from the Genetics and Rare Diseases Information Center.           Finding Reliable Health Information Online     A listing of information and links for finding comprehensive genetics health information online.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional.  I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family.


The first treatment for a slipped disk is a short period of rest with medicines for the pain. This is followed by physical therapy. Most people who follow these treatments recover and return to normal activities. Some people will need to have more treatment. This may include steroid injections or surgery.  MEDICINES  Medicines can help with your pain. Your doctor may prescribe any of the following:  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for long-term pain control  - Narcotics if the pain is severe and does not respond to NSAIDs  - Medicines to calm the nerves  - Muscle relaxants to relieve back spasms    LIFESTYLE CHANGES  If you are overweight, diet and exercise are very important for improving back pain.  Physical therapy is important for nearly everyone with disk disease. Therapists will teach you how to properly lift, dress, walk, and perform other activities. They teach you how to strengthen muscles that help support the spine. You will also learn how to increase flexibility in your spine and legs.  Take care of your back at home:   - Reduce activity for the first few days. Slowly restart your usual activities.  - Avoid heavy lifting or twisting your back for the first 6 weeks after the pain starts.  - After 2 to 3 weeks, gradually start exercising again.    INJECTIONS  Steroid medicine injections into the back in the area of the herniated disk may help control pain for several months. These injections reduce swelling around the disk and relieve many symptoms. Spinal injections are usually done in your doctor's office.   SURGERY  Surgery may be an option if your symptoms do not go away with other treatments and time.  Diskectomy is surgery to remove all or part of a disk.  Discuss with your doctor which treatment options are best for you.

DISC HERNIA

GOOD AFTERNOON I HAVE wanted to say a herniated disc in L4 L5 S1 L3 8 MONTHS I HAVE DECREASED IN PAIN TREATMENT BUT HERE IN [LOCATION] GIVE ME NO WARRANTIES OF OPERATION WOULD LIKE TO KNOW IF THERE IS SOMETHING COULD Q DO IN MY CASE TOOK ME AND CONTRAST MAGNETIC RESONANCE


The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) provides the following list of features that have been reported in people with this condition. Much of the information in the HPO comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. If available, the list includes a rough estimate of how common a feature is (its frequency). Frequencies are based on a specific study and may not be representative of all studies. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary for definitions of the terms below.

ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information

Stiff person Syndrome. Please can you tell me what are the early symptoms I have severe cramps in my feet which are twisting into an arc,muscle spasms slowly getting worse and my muscles particularly in my legs are cramping like someone has pushed a knitting needle into them. Started off at night but now happening through the day my back and neck and voice box are also effected and my chest area has now seized to the point of restricting my breathing to very shallow at times I find that I am stretching out involuntarily right through my body and this is becoming more frequent


Treatment varies based on:  - Type of tumor  - Whether it is cancer   - Location of the tumor   You may not need treatment if the tumor is:   - Noncancerous (benign)   - In a "safe" area where it will not cause symptoms or problems with the way an organ works    Sometimes benign tumors may be removed for cosmetic reasons. Benign tumors of the brain may be removed because of their location or harmful effect on the surrounding normal brain tissue.  If a tumor is cancer, possible treatments may include:  - Chemotherapy  - Radiation  - Surgery  - Targeted cancer therapy  - Biologic therapy  - Other treatment options

TA specialized team of doctors advises and assists individuals throughout treatment and rehabilitation.  These doctors may include:  A neurologist is a specialist in nervous system disorders.  An oncologist is a specialist in cancer.  A neuro-oncologist is a neurologist or oncologist who specializes in nervous system tumors.  A neuroradiologist is a doctor trained in reading diagnostic imaging results who specializes in the CNS.  A pathologist is a clinical physician who diagnoses diseases of tissues or cells using a variety of laboratory tests.  A neurosurgeon is a brain or spinal cord surgeon.  A radiation oncologist is a doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat individuals with cancer.  This team will recommend a treatment plan based on the tumor's location, type, size and aggressiveness, as well as on the individual’s medical history, age, and general health.  Initial treatment for a CNS tumor may involve a variety of drugs, including anticonvulsants to treat seizures, pain medications, steroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling and improve blood flow, antidepressants to treat anxiety or ease depression that might occur following a tumor diagnosis, and drugs to fight nausea caused by various treatments.  Malignant tumors require some form of treatment, while some small benign tumors may need only periodic monitoring.  The three standard treatment options for malignant CNS tumors are neurosurgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.  Some patients may receive a combination of treatments.

My Brother named [NAME] Has Multiple tumors in brain and spine. after gone through 3 major surgeries he can not walk properly as he has 3 tumors still in brain and spine. and after surgery his right eyesight has been lost and he can not hear. Is there any research done by your sight and found medicines which can remove his remaining tumors. Please give me suggestion regarding this matter. I can provide all the necessary medical reports if you need.


Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the lining of the air passages swells and the muscles surrounding the airways become tight. This reduces the amount of air that can pass through the airway.  In people who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens or triggers.   Common asthma triggers include:  - Animals (pet hair or dander)  - Dust mites  - Certain medicines (aspirin and other NSAIDS)  - Changes in weather (most often cold weather)  - Chemicals in the air or in food  - Exercise  - Mold  - Pollen  - Respiratory infections, such as the common cold  - Strong emotions (stress)  - Tobacco smoke   Substances in some workplaces can also trigger asthma symptoms, leading to occupational asthma. The most common triggers are wood dust, grain dust, animal dander, fungi, or chemicals.  Many people with asthma have a personal or family history of allergies, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies.

The exact cause of asthma isn't known. Researchers think some genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma, most often early in life. These factors include:                  An inherited tendency to develop allergies, called atopy (AT-o-pe)                  Parents who have asthma                  Certain respiratory infections during childhood                  Contact with some airborne allergens or exposure to some viral infections in infancy or in early childhood when the immune system is developing                  If asthma or atopy runs in your family, exposure to irritants (for example, tobacco smoke) may make your airways more reactive to substances in the air.                  Some factors may be more likely to cause asthma in some people than in others. Researchers continue to explore what causes asthma.                  The "Hygiene Hypothesis"                  One theory researchers have for what causes asthma is the "hygiene hypothesis." They believe that our Western lifestyle—with its emphasis on hygiene and sanitation—has resulted in changes in our living conditions and an overall decline in infections in early childhood.                  Many young children no longer have the same types of environmental exposures and infections as children did in the past. This affects the way that young children's immune systems develop during very early childhood, and it may increase their risk for atopy and asthma. This is especially true for children who have close family members with one or both of these conditions.

Asthma

I have been treated for breast cancer and had chemotherapy and readiation.  I am on many drugs but since stopping treatment I have now presented as having asthma.  I take Letrozole. 2.5 to block any estrogen in my body as my tumor was estrogen positive. What type of drugs impact asthma symptoms?   Please advise


Most cases of Turner syndrome are not inherited. Most commonly, Turner syndrome occurs due to a random event during the formation of an egg or sperm cell in a parent (prior to conception). For example, if an egg or sperm cell mistakenly loses a sex chromosome, and joins at conception with an egg or sperm containing an X chromosome, the resulting child will have a single X chromosome in each cell. Mosaic Turner syndrome, occurring when a person has some cells with one X chromosome and some cells with two sex chromosomes, is also not inherited. This also occurs due to a random event, during early fetal development rather than before conception. In rare cases, Turner syndrome may be caused by a missing piece (partial deletion) of the X chromosome. A deletion can be inherited from a parent. Genetic testing of an affected fetus or child can identify the type of Turner syndrome present and may help to estimate the risk of recurrence. People with questions about genetic testing or recurrence risks for Turner syndrome are encouraged to speak with a genetic counselor or other genetics professional.

Most cases of Turner syndrome are not inherited. When this condition results from monosomy X, the chromosomal abnormality occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) in the affected person's parent. An error in cell division called nondisjunction can result in reproductive cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may lose a sex chromosome as a result of nondisjunction. If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have a single X chromosome in each cell and will be missing the other sex chromosome.  Mosaic Turner syndrome is also not inherited. In an affected individual, it occurs as a random event during cell division in early fetal development. As a result, some of an affected person's cells have the usual two sex chromosomes, and other cells have only one copy of the X chromosome. Other sex chromosome abnormalities are also possible in females with X chromosome mosaicism.  Rarely, Turner syndrome caused by a partial deletion of the X chromosome can be passed from one generation to the next.

Customer Service Request.  My daughter has Turner syndrome but she's beaten all odds. She developed on our own, got her period on her own, she is now pregnant on her own with identical twins. My question is can she have normal children or do they have more of a chance of having Turner syndrome.  My daughter has been tested many times to confirm her diagnosis of Turner syndrome and she is a full XO not mosaic but still does not display many of the characteristics. Again, I am just questioning the safety of the pregnancy and the health of the babies. Thank you for your help


These resources address the diagnosis or management of vitelliform macular dystrophy:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy  - Genetic Testing Registry: Macular dystrophy, vitelliform, adult-onset  - Genetic Testing Registry: Vitelliform dystrophy  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Macula (image)   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care

Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy

Would like to obtain more info on possible treatments.


Treatment for Dry Mouth  Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a medicine that helps the glands work better. Your dentist or physician might also suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. Do's and Don'ts Do's - Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating.  - Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow.  - Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Don’ts - Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth.  - Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Gene Therapy Research for Salivary Gland Dysfunction Scientists at NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) are exploring the potential use of gene therapy to treat salivary gland dysfunction. The idea is to transfer additional or replacement genes into the salivary glands of people with Sjögren's syndrome and cancer patients whose salivary glands were damaged during radiation treatment. The hope is that these genes will increase the production of saliva and eliminate the chronic parched sensation that bothers people with dry mouth conditions. NIDCR recently completed a clinical study, a research study in humans, on gene therapy for radiation-damaged salivary glands. The study showed that gene therapy can be safely performed in salivary glands and that it has the potential to help head and neck cancer survivors with dry mouth. Read NIDCR’s news release  to learn more about the study’s findings. Based on the promising results of this trial, similar clinical trials are planned in the near future. Research on Sjögren’s Syndrome and Other Diseases Affecting Salivary Glands NIDCR is also conducting clinical trials to study new approaches for improving salivary flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Such studies include testing the effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody as well as a corticosteroid to see whether either of these treatments helps improve salivary flow. Other studies are focused on learning how diseases such as diabetes, auto inflammatory diseases, and granulomatous diseases cause salivary gland dysfunction. Such studies could one day lead to better ways of preventing and treating salivary gland conditions. To stay abreast of any new studies on gene therapy and salivary gland function, visit ClinicalTrials.gov.  ClinicalTrials.gov lists all federally and many privately funded clinical trials in the U.S. and around the world; the web site is updated frequently.

Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right, but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a special medicine that helps the glands work better. He or she might suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. (Watch the video to learn how dry mouth is treated. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.)

Treatment for Dry Mouth  Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a medicine that helps the glands work better. Your dentist or physician might also suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. Do's and Don'ts Do's - Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating.  - Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow.  - Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Don’ts - Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth.  - Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Gene Therapy Research for Salivary Gland Dysfunction Scientists at NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) are exploring the potential use of gene therapy to treat salivary gland dysfunction. The idea is to transfer additional or replacement genes into the salivary glands of people with Sjögren's syndrome and cancer patients whose salivary glands were damaged during radiation treatment. The hope is that these genes will increase the production of saliva and eliminate the chronic parched sensation that bothers people with dry mouth conditions. NIDCR recently completed a clinical study, a research study in humans, on gene therapy for radiation-damaged salivary glands. The study showed that gene therapy can be safely performed in salivary glands and that it has the potential to help head and neck cancer survivors with dry mouth. Read NIDCR’s news release  to learn more about the study’s findings. Based on the promising results of this trial, similar clinical trials are planned in the near future. Research on Sjögren’s Syndrome and Other Diseases Affecting Salivary Glands NIDCR is also conducting clinical trials to study new approaches for improving salivary flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Such studies include testing the effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody as well as a corticosteroid to see whether either of these treatments helps improve salivary flow. Other studies are focused on learning how diseases such as diabetes, auto inflammatory diseases, and granulomatous diseases cause salivary gland dysfunction. Such studies could one day lead to better ways of preventing and treating salivary gland conditions. To stay abreast of any new studies on gene therapy and salivary gland function, visit ClinicalTrials.gov.  ClinicalTrials.gov lists all federally and many privately funded clinical trials in the U.S. and around the world; the web site is updated frequently.

treatment for dry mouth caused by necessary medicine

My provider can't help (I asked.) I am intolerant of all the "sugar alcohols" such as maltilol, sorbitol, xylitol, etc. and need something for dry mouth caused by med which I have to take.  Biotene products help for only about two minutes.


The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed.    Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some patients can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.

Hello dear sir/madam  I just want to knw if any cancer person had all treatment done then cancer gonna be again or not.how long person can live after cancer treatment.please reply me as Soon as possible. Thank you  Sent from my iPhone


People with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) benefit from receiving treatment at specialized centers. The Pulmonary Hypertension Association offers a Find a Doctor tool which may aid you in locating your nearest center. Treatment of serious or life threatening PAH may involve continuous IV epoprostenol. Other treatment options, include treprostinil, iloprost, bosentan, ambrisentan, sildenafil, and tadalafil. Many of these treatments can be administered in various forms, such as by shot, IV, or inhalation. A small number of people with PAH respond well to long term oral calcium channel blockers. Blood thinners, diuretics, and supplemental oxygen may be prescribed as needed. Many drugs can be harmful to people with PAH. The following should be avoided: appetite suppressants, cocaine, amphetamines (and related compounds), low oxygen environments (such as high altitudes), and possibly estrogen compounds (oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy).

These resources address the diagnosis or management of pulmonary arterial hypertension:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension  - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension  - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension 2  - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension 3  - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension 4  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pulmonary hypertension   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care

My mother has Pulmonary ARTERIAL hypertension in the left side of her heart.  Is there anything that can be done to improve her health.


Most men ejaculate within a few minutes of starting to thrust during intercourse. Men with delayed ejaculation may be unable to ejaculate or may only be able to ejaculate with great effort after having intercourse for a long time (for example, 30 to 45 minutes).  Delayed ejaculation can have psychological or physical causes.  Common psychological causes include:  - Religious background that makes the person view sex as sinful  - Lack of attraction for a partner  - Conditioning caused by a habit of excessive masturbation  - Traumatic events (such as being discovered masturbating or having illicit sex, or learning one's partner is having an affair)    Some factors, such as anger toward the partner, may be involved.  Physical causes may include:  - Blockage of the ducts that semen passes through  - Use of certain drugs (such as prozac, mellaril, and guanethidine)  - Nervous system diseases, such as stroke or nerve damage to the spinal cord or back  - Testosterone deficiency  - Nerve damage during surgery in the pelvis

delayed ejaculation

i 25 year old i have problem of delayed ejaculation.even after taking  several minutes im not able to ejaculate.but im getting regular night falls.what is the cause,which doctor should i consult.


Adrenoleukodystrophy describes several closely related inherited disorders that disrupt the breakdown (metabolism) of certain fats (very long chain fatty acids).

X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is one of a group of genetic disorders called the leukodystrophies that cause damage to the myelin sheath, an insulating membrane that surrounds nerve cells in the brain. Women have two X chromosomes and are the carriers of the disease, but since men only have one X chromosome and lack the protective effect of the extra X chromosome, they are more severely affected.  People with X-ALD accumulate high levels of saturated, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the brain and adrenal cortex. The loss of myelin and the progressive dysfunction of the adrenal gland are the primary characteristics of X-ALD. While nearly all patients with X-ALD suffer from adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, the neurological symptoms can begin either in childhood or in adulthood. The childhood cerebral form is the most severe, with onset between ages 4 and 10. The most common symptoms are usually behavioral changes such as abnormal withdrawal or aggression, poor memory, and poor school performance. Other symptoms include visual loss, learning disabilities, seizures, poorly articulated speech, difficulty swallowing, deafness, disturbances of gait and coordination, fatigue, intermittent vomiting, increased skin pigmentation, and progressive dementia. The milder adult-onset form is also known as adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), which typically begins between ages 21 and 35.  Symptoms may include progressive stiffness, weakness or paralysis of the lower limbs, and ataxia. Although adult-onset ALD progresses more slowly than the classic childhood form, it can also result in deterioration of brain function. Almost half the women who are carriers of X-ALS will develop a milder form of AMN but almost never will develop symptoms seen in boys the X-ALD.  X-ALD should not be confused with neonatal adrenoleukodsystrophy, which is a disease of newborns and young infants and belongs to the group of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders.

The NINDS supports research on genetic disorders such as ALD. The aim of this research is to find ways to prevent, treat, and cure these disorders. Studies are currently underway to identify new biomarkers of disease progression and to determine which patients will develop the childhood cerebral form of X-ALD.  A recent case study in Europe demonstrated that the combination of gene therapy with bone marrow transplantation, using the patient's own bone marrow cells, may arrest disease progression in childhood cerebral X-ALD.  A therapeutic trail in the United States is currently being discussed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

adrenoleukodystrophy

A child I have been asked to work with has been diagnosed with this condition.I am so far unable to find info pertaining to this illness. Can you help??


HIV/AIDS is treated with medicines that stop the virus from multiplying. This treatment is called antiretroviral therapy (ART).  In the past, people with HIV infection would start antiretroviral treatment after their CD4 count dropped or they developed HIV complications. Today, HIV treatment is recommended for all people with HIV infection, even if their CD4 count is still normal.  Regular blood tests are needed to make sure the virus level in the blood (viral load) is kept low, or suppressed. The goal of treatment is to lower the HIV virus in the blood to a level that is so low that the test can't detect it. This is called an undetectable viral load.  If the CD4 count already dropped before treatment was started, it will usually slowly go up. HIV complications often disappear as the immune system recovers.

hi my name is [NAME] I'm currently working with [LOCATION] and I was wondering  I came across some of you healthy tip fliers for HIV/Aids treatment .at the moment we have a study  going on that helps HIV positive transgender women into HIV quality care .so it would be great to have some more information on HIV/Aids treatment


The Leptospira bacteria can be found in fresh water that has been contaminated by animal urine. The infection occurs in warmer climates.  Leptospirosis is not spread from person to person, except in vary rare cases. It occasionally spreads through sexual intercourse, breast milk, or from a mother to her unborn child.  Risk factors include:  - Occupational exposure -- farmers, ranchers, slaughterhouse workers, trappers, veterinarians, loggers, sewer workers, rice field workers, and military personnel  - Recreational activities -- fresh water swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and trail biking in warm areas  - Household exposure -- pet dogs, domesticated livestock, rainwater catchment systems, and infected rodents    Leptospirosis is rare in the continental United States. Hawaii has the highest number of cases in the United States.

Leptospirosis

what causes leptospirosis to spread in the human body


Type 2 diabetes may be reversed with lifestyle changes, especially losing weight with exercise and by eating healthier foods. Some cases of type 2 diabetes can also be improved with weight-loss surgery.  There is no cure for type 1 diabetes.   Treating either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar level.  Everyone with diabetes should receive proper education and support about the best ways to manage their diabetes. Ask your provider about seeing a diabetes nurse educator.   Getting better control over your blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels helps reduce the risk of kidney disease, eye disease, nervous system disease, heart attack, and stroke.  To prevent diabetes complications, visit your provider at least 2 to 4 times a year. Talk about any problems you are having. Follow your provider's instructions on managing your diabetes.

The goal of treatment at first is to lower your high blood glucose levels. Long-term goals are to prevent problems from diabetes.  The most important way to treat and manage type 2 diabetes is with activity and healthy eating.  Everyone with diabetes should receive proper education and support about the best ways to manage their diabetes. Ask your healthcare provider about seeing a diabetes educator.   LEARN THESE SKILLS  Learning diabetes management skills will help you live well with diabetes. These skills help prevent health problems and the need for medical care. Skills include:  - How to test and record your blood glucose  - What and when to eat  - How to safely increase your activity and control your weight  - How to take medications, if needed  - How to recognize and treat low and high blood sugar  - How to handle sick days  - Where to buy diabetes supplies and how to store them    It may take several months to learn these skills. Keep learning about diabetes, its complications, and how to control and live well with the disease. Stay up-to-date on new research and treatments.  MANAGING YOUR BLOOD SUGAR  Checking your blood sugar levels yourself and writing down the results tells you how well you are managing your diabetes. Talk to your doctor and diabetes educator about how often to check.  To check your blood sugar level, you use a device called a glucose meter. Usually, you prick your finger with a small needle called a lancet. This gives you a tiny drop of blood. You place the blood on a test strip and put the strip into the meter. The meter gives you a reading that tells you the level of your blood sugar.  Your doctor or diabetes educator will help set up a testing schedule for you. Your doctor will help you set a target range for your blood sugar numbers. Keep these factors in mind:  - Most people with type 2 diabetes only need to check their blood sugar once or twice a day.  - If your blood sugar level is under control, you may only need to check it a few times a week.  - You may test yourself when you wake up, before meals, and at bedtime.  - You may need to test more often when you are sick or under stress.    Keep a record of your blood sugar for yourself and your doctor. Based on your numbers, you may need to make changes to your meals, activity, or medicines to keep your blood sugar level in the right range.   HEALTHY EATING AND WEIGHT CONTROL  Work closely with your doctor, nurse, and dietitian to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. Your meal plans should fit your lifestyle and habits and should include foods that you like.  Managing your weight and having a well-balanced diet are important. Some people with type 2 diabetes can stop taking medicines after losing weight. This does not mean that their diabetes is cured. They still have diabetes.  Very obese patients whose diabetes is not well managed with diet and medicine may consider weight loss (bariatric) surgery.  REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY  Regular activity is important for everyone. It is even more important when you have diabetes. Exercise is good for your health because it:  - Lowers your blood sugar level without medicine  - Burns extra calories and fat to help manage your weight  - Improves blood flow and blood pressure  - Increases your energy level  - Improves your ability to handle stress    Talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program. People with type 2 diabetes may need to take special steps before, during, and after physical activity or exercise.   MEDICATIONS TO TREAT DIABETES  If diet and exercise do not help keep your blood sugar at normal or near-normal levels, your doctor may prescribe medication. Since these drugs help lower your blood sugar levels in different ways, your doctor may have you take more than one drug.  Some of the most common types of medication are listed below. They are taken by mouth or injection.  - Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors  - Biguanides  - DPP IV inhibitors  - Injectable medicines (GLP-1 analogs)  - Meglitinides  - SGL T2 inhibitors  - Sulfonylureas  - Thiazolidinediones    You may need to take insulin if your blood sugar cannot be controlled with any of the above medicines. Insulin must be injected under the skin using a syringe, insulin pen, or pump. It cannot be taken by mouth because the acid in the stomach destroys insulin.  PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS  Your doctor may prescribe medicines or other treatments to reduce your chance of developing some of the more common complications of diabetes, including:   - Eye disease  - Kidney disease  - Heart disease and stroke   FOOT CARE  People with diabetes are more likely than those without diabetes to have foot problems. Diabetes damages the nerves. This can make you less able to feel pressure on the foot. You many not notice a foot injury until you get a severe infection.  Diabetes can also damage blood vessels. Small sores or breaks in the skin may become deeper skin sores (ulcers). The affected limb may need to be amputated if these skin ulcers do not heal or become larger, deeper, or infected.  To prevent problems with your feet:  - Stop smoking if you smoke.  - Improve control of your blood sugar.  - Get a foot exam by your doctor at least twice a year and learn if you have nerve damage.  - Check and care for your feet every day. This is very important when you already have nerve or blood vessel damage or foot problems.  - Treat minor infections, such as athlete's foot, right away.  - Use moisturizing lotion on dry skin.  - Make sure you wear the right kind of shoes. Ask your doctor what type of shoe is right for you.

Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be managed. Managing blood glucose (blood sugar) as well as blood pressure and cholesterol is the best defense against the serious complications of diabetes. Know What To Do Every Day To manage your diabetes, here are things to do every day.  -  Take your medicines.   -  Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar).   -  Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises.   -  Check your feet.   -  Brush your teeth and floss.   -  Stop smoking.   -  Eat well.   -  Be active.  Take your medicines. Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar). Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises. Check your feet. Brush your teeth and floss. Stop smoking. Eat well. Be active. (Watch the video to learn more about what one woman does to manage her diabetes every day. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) Take Your Diabetes Medicines People with type 1 diabetes control their blood sugar with insulin -- delivered either by injection or with a pump. Many people with type 2 diabetes can control blood glucose levels with diet and exercise alone. Others require oral medications or insulin, and some may need both, as well as lifestyle modification. Ask your doctor if you need to take aspirin every day to prevent a heart attack or stroke. Keep Track of Your Blood Glucose One of the best ways to find out how well you are taking care of your diabetes is to check your blood to see how much glucose is in it. If your blood has too much or too little glucose, you may need a change in your meal plan, exercise plan, or medication. Ask your doctor how often you should check your blood glucose. Some people check their blood glucose once a day. Others do it three a day or even more. You may be told to check before eating, before bed, and sometimes in the middle of the night. Your doctor or diabetes educator will show you how to check your blood using a blood glucose meter. Your health insurance or Medicare may pay for some of the supplies and equipment you need to check your glucose levels.  See what diabetes supplies and services Medicare covers.  Check Your Blood Pressure Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises and keep a record of it. You can check your pressure at home with a home blood pressure measurement device or monitor. Blood pressure monitors can be bought at discount chain stores and drug stores. When you are taking your blood pressure at home, sit with your back supported and your feet flat on the floor. Rest your arm on a table at the level of your heart. Check with your health care provider to make sure you are using the monitor correctly. Check Your Feet Foot care is very important for people with diabetes. High blood glucose levels and a reduced blood supply to the limbs cause nerve damage that reduces feeling in the feet. Someone with nerve damage may not feel a pebble inside his or her sock that is causing a sore. Or a blister caused by poorly fitting shoes may go unnoticed. Foot injuries such as these can cause ulcers, which may, if not cared for, ultimately lead to the need for amputation. If you have diabetes, - check your feet every day and watch for any cuts, sores, red spots, swelling, and infected toenails.   - report sores, blisters, breaks in the skin, infections, or buildup of calluses to a podiatrist or a family doctor.   - never walk barefoot.   - have your feet checked at every doctor visit.   - take your shoes and socks off when you go into the examining room. This will remind the doctor to check your feet.  check your feet every day and watch for any cuts, sores, red spots, swelling, and infected toenails. report sores, blisters, breaks in the skin, infections, or buildup of calluses to a podiatrist or a family doctor. never walk barefoot. have your feet checked at every doctor visit. take your shoes and socks off when you go into the examining room. This will remind the doctor to check your feet. Learn more about taking care of your feet. Brush Your Teeth and Floss People with diabetes can have tooth and gum problems more often if their blood glucose stays high. High blood glucose also can make tooth and gum problems worse. You can even lose your teeth. Here are ways to protect your teeth and gums. -  Keep your blood glucose as close to normal as possible.   - Use dental floss at least once a day. Flossing helps prevent the buildup of plaque on your teeth. Plaque can harden and grow under your gums and cause problems. Using a sawing motion, gently bring the floss between the teeth, scraping from bottom to top several times.   - Brush your teeth after each meal and snack. Use a soft toothbrush. Turn the bristles against the gum line and brush gently. Use small, circular motions. Brush the front, back, and top of each tooth.  - If you wear false teeth, keep them clean.  - Call your dentist right away if you have problems with your teeth and gums. Keep your blood glucose as close to normal as possible. Use dental floss at least once a day. Flossing helps prevent the buildup of plaque on your teeth. Plaque can harden and grow under your gums and cause problems. Using a sawing motion, gently bring the floss between the teeth, scraping from bottom to top several times. Brush your teeth after each meal and snack. Use a soft toothbrush. Turn the bristles against the gum line and brush gently. Use small, circular motions. Brush the front, back, and top of each tooth. If you wear false teeth, keep them clean. Call your dentist right away if you have problems with your teeth and gums.  Learn more about how diabetes can affect your mouth and teeth. Stop Smoking If you smoke, stop. Smoking raises your risk for many diabetes problems, including heart attack and stroke. Ask for help to quit. Call 1-800 QUITNOW (1-800-784-8669). For more information on smoking and older adults, see  Quitting Smoking for Older Adults.  Eat Well People with diabetes don't need to buy or prepare special foods. The foods that are best for someone with diabetes are excellent choices for everyone: foods that are low in fat, salt, and sugar, and high in fiber, such as beans, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. These foods help you reach and stay at a weight that's good for your body, keep your blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol in a desirable range, and prevent or delay heart and blood vessel disease. For more on healthy eating, see Small Steps for Eating Healthy Foods. Be Active Try to exercise almost every day for a total of about 30 to 60 minutes. If you haven't exercised lately, begin slowly. Start with 5 to 10 minutes, and then add more time. Or exercise for 10 minutes, three times a day. (Tip: you don’t need to get your exercise in all at one time.) For more information on exercise and older adults, see Exercise: How to Get Started or visit  Go4Life®, the exercise and physical activity campaign for older adults from the National Institute on Aging. Be sure to check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Other Areas To Manage Here are other areas to manage if you have diabetes. - Take care of your eyes.   - Protect your kidneys.  -  Protect your skin.  - Learn how to cope with stress.  Take care of your eyes. Protect your kidneys. Protect your skin. Learn how to cope with stress. Take Care of Your Eyes High blood glucose and high blood pressure from diabetes can hurt your eyes. It can even cause blindness, or other painful eye problems. Here are ways to prevent diabetes eye problems. - Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to normal as you can.   - Have an eye care professional examine your eyes once a year. Have this exam even if your vision is okay.  Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to normal as you can. Have an eye care professional examine your eyes once a year. Have this exam even if your vision is okay.  Learn more about eye disease and diabetes. Protect Your Kidneys High blood glucose and high blood pressure may damage the kidneys. Damaged kidneys do not do a good job of filtering out wastes and extra fluid. Here are ways to prevent diabetes kidney problems. - Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to your target goal as you can.  - Get tested at least once a year for kidney disease. Ask your doctor if you should be tested.   - Follow the healthy eating plan you work out with your doctor or dietitian. If you already have kidney problems, your dietitian may suggest you cut back on protein.  Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to your target goal as you can. Get tested at least once a year for kidney disease. Ask your doctor if you should be tested. Follow the healthy eating plan you work out with your doctor or dietitian. If you already have kidney problems, your dietitian may suggest you cut back on protein. Learn more about keeping your kidneys healthy. Protect Your Skin Skin care is very important, too. Because people with diabetes may have more injuries and infections, they should protect their skin by keeping it clean and taking care of minor cuts and bruises. Learn How To Cope With Stress Stress can raise your blood glucose (blood sugar). While it is hard to remove stress from your life, you can learn to handle it. Try deep breathing, gardening, taking a walk, meditating, working on your hobby, or listening to your favorite music.

People with type 1 diabetes control their blood sugar with insulin -- either with shots or an insulin pen. Many people with type 2 diabetes can control blood glucose levels with diet and exercise alone. Others require oral medications or insulin, and some people may need to take both, along with lifestyle modification. (Watch the video to learn how one woman manages her type 2 diabetes. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) To manage your diabetes, here are things to do every day. -  Take your medicines for diabetes and for any other health problems, even when you feel good.  Take your medicines for diabetes and for any other health problems, even when you feel good. -  Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar). You may want to check it one or more times a day. Be sure to talk about it with your health care team.  Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar). You may want to check it one or more times a day. Be sure to talk about it with your health care team. -  Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises and keep a record of it. Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises and keep a record of it. -  Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots and swelling. Call your health care team right away about any sores that do not go away.  Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots and swelling. Call your health care team right away about any sores that do not go away. -  Brush your teeth and floss every day to keep your mouth, teeth and gums healthy.  Brush your teeth and floss every day to keep your mouth, teeth and gums healthy. -  Stop smoking.  Ask for help to quit. Call 1-800 QUIT NOW ( 1-800-784-8669)  Stop smoking.  Ask for help to quit. Call 1-800 QUIT NOW ( 1-800-784-8669) -  Eat well.  Ask your doctor to give you the name of someone trained to help you create a healthy eating plan, such as a dietitian.  See small steps for eating healthy foods.  Eat well.  Ask your doctor to give you the name of someone trained to help you create a healthy eating plan, such as a dietitian.  See small steps for eating healthy foods.  -  Be active.  Try to exercise almost every day for a total of about 30 minutes. If you haven't exercised lately, begin slowly. To learn more, see  Exercise: How To Get Started, or visit Go4Life®,  the exercise and physical activity campaign for older adults from the National Institute on Aging.  Be active.  Try to exercise almost every day for a total of about 30 minutes. If you haven't exercised lately, begin slowly. To learn more, see  Exercise: How To Get Started, or visit Go4Life®,  the exercise and physical activity campaign for older adults from the National Institute on Aging.

See your health care team at least twice a year to find and treat any problems early. Ask what steps you can take to reach your goals. If you have diabetes, take these steps.  At each visit,  be sure you have a - blood pressure check  -  foot check  -  weight check  -  review of your self-care plan. blood pressure check foot check weight check review of your self-care plan.  Two times each year, get - an A1C test. It may be checked more often if it is over 7. an A1C test. It may be checked more often if it is over 7. Once each year,  be sure you have a - cholesterol test  - triglyceride (try-GLISS-er-ide) test - a type of blood fat  - complete foot exam  - dental exam to check teeth and gums. Tell your dentist you have diabetes.  - dilated eye exam to check for eye problems  - flu shot  - urine and a blood test to check for kidney problems. cholesterol test triglyceride (try-GLISS-er-ide) test - a type of blood fat complete foot exam dental exam to check teeth and gums. Tell your dentist you have diabetes. dilated eye exam to check for eye problems flu shot urine and a blood test to check for kidney problems.  At least once, get a - pneumonia (nu-MOH-nya) shot.  pneumonia (nu-MOH-nya) shot.  If you have Medicare,  ask your health care team if Medicare will cover some of the costs for -  learning about healthy eating and diabetes self-care  - special shoes, if you need them  - medical supplies  - diabetes medicines. learning about healthy eating and diabetes self-care special shoes, if you need them medical supplies diabetes medicines. (Watch the video for important things to remember when visiting your health care team. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.)

Good day doctor.... My name is [NAME] from Nigeria in West Africa. Please I'll appreciate so much if you will reach me urgently with any advice that can be valuable to a total cure of the diabetes that I came down with since the year 2008... at "[CONTACT]" . I'll be eagerly waiting for your response soonest, please.... Thanks for your anticipated corporation. [NAME]


Neuropathy is very common. There are many types and causes. Often, no cause can be found. Some nerve diseases run in families.  Diabetes is the most common cause of this type of nerve problem. High blood sugar levels over a long time can damage your nerves.  Other health conditions that may cause neuropathy are:  - Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus  - Chronic kidney disease  - HIV  - Liver infections  - Low levels of vitamin B12 or other vitamins  - Metabolic disease  - Poisoning due to heavy metals, such as lead  - Poor blood flow to the legs  - Underactive thyroid gland    Other things that can lead to nerve damage are:  - Broken bone that affects a nerve  - Long-term, heavy alcohol use  - Glue, lead, mercury, and solvent poisoning  - Drugs that treat infections, cancer, seizures, and high blood pressure  - Pressure on a nerve, such as from carpal tunnel syndrome  - Being exposed to cold temperatures for a long period of time  - Pressure from bad-fitting casts, splints, a brace, or crutches

Causes of Peripheral Neuropathy

What information does the National Library of Medicine have that states causes of peripheral neuropathy?


Before taking any supplement, talk to a doctor or dietitian. If you take supplements, don't exceed the recommended doses. Some supplements in high amounts can be dangerous, particularly fat-soluble vitamins, such as A, D, E, and K. Here are some special concerns: Vitamin E supplements do not have benefits, though it used to be believed that Vitamin E prevented heart disease. High doses (greater than 400 IU/day) can have be dangerous.

hepatitis C

My doctor advised me to take vitamin E and biletan forte since my protombin time is 70, he told me it's too low. I've been reading about the effects of Vitamin E and one possibility is bleeding. What would you suggest me to do?


Summary       If you have lupus, your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This can damage your joints, skin, blood vessels and organs. There are many kinds of lupus. The most common type, systemic lupus erythematosus, affects many parts of the body. Discoid lupus causes a rash that doesn't go away. Subacute cutaneous lupus causes sores after being out in the sun. Another type can be caused by medication. Neonatal lupus, which is rare, affects newborns.     Anyone can get lupus, but women are most at risk. Lupus is also more common in African American, Hispanic, Asian and Native American women. The cause of lupus is not known.     Lupus has many symptoms. Some common ones are        - Joint pain or swelling     - Muscle pain     - Fever with no known cause     - Fatigue    - Red rashes, often on the face (also called the "butterfly rash")       There is no one test to diagnose lupus, and it may take months or years to make the diagnosis. There is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it.    NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

Summary       If you have lupus, your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This can damage your joints, skin, blood vessels and organs. There are many kinds of lupus. The most common type, systemic lupus erythematosus, affects many parts of the body. Discoid lupus causes a rash that doesn't go away. Subacute cutaneous lupus causes sores after being out in the sun. Another type can be caused by medication. Neonatal lupus, which is rare, affects newborns.     Anyone can get lupus, but women are most at risk. Lupus is also more common in African American, Hispanic, Asian and Native American women. The cause of lupus is not known.     Lupus has many symptoms. Some common ones are        - Joint pain or swelling     - Muscle pain     - Fever with no known cause     - Fatigue    - Red rashes, often on the face (also called the "butterfly rash")       There is no one test to diagnose lupus, and it may take months or years to make the diagnosis. There is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it.    NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

lupus an info on the diseise

Need all up date on lupus an send by mail informations on this subject..please i need more information to see if what i am exprienceing is in fact related to lupus ...thank you.


Treatment depends on the type of stone and the severity of your symptoms.  Kidney stones that are small most often pass through your system on their own.   - Your urine should be strained so the stone can be saved and tested.  - Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water per day to produce a large amount of urine. This will help the stone pass.  - Pain can be very bad. Over-the-counter pain medicines (for example, ibuprofen and naproxen), either alone or along with narcotics, can be very effective.    Some people with severe pain from kidney stones need to stay in the hospital. You may need to get fluids through a vein.  For some types of stones, your provider may prescribe medicine to prevent stones from forming or help break down and remove the material that is causing the stone. These medicines can include:  - Allopurinol (for uric acid stones)  - Antibiotics (for struvite stones)  - Diuretics  - Phosphate solutions  - Sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate  - Water pills (thiazide diuretics)  - Tamsulosin to relax the ureter and help the stone pass    Surgery is often needed if:  - The stone is too large to pass on its own  - The stone is growing  - The stone is blocking urine flow and causing an infection or kidney damage  - The pain cannot be controlled     Today, most treatments are much less invasive than in the past.  - Lithotripsy is used to remove stones slightly smaller than a half an inch that are located in the kidney or ureter. It uses sound or shock waves to break up stones. Then, the stone fragments leave the body in the urine. It is also called extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy or ESWL.  - Procedures performed by passing a special instrument through a small surgical cut in your skin and into your kidney or ureters are used for large stones, or when the kidneys or surrounding areas are incorrectly formed. The stone is removed with a tube (endoscope).  - Ureteroscopy may be used for stones in the lower urinary tract.  - Rarely, open surgery (nephrolithotomy) may be needed if other methods do not work or are not possible.    Talk to your provider about what treatment options may work for you.

Kidney Stone

Hello Dr.,In a case of patient with Kidney Stone size of 1.2mm x 2.3mm. What can i do? Pls i need your advice.


The risk of sepsis can be reduced by getting all recommended vaccines.   In the hospital, careful hand washing can help prevent infections that lead to sepsis. Prompt removal of urinary catheters and IV lines when they are no longer needed can also help prevent infections that lead to sepsis.

sepsis.  Can sepsis be prevented. Can someone get this from a hospital?


LIFESTYLE CHANGES  The condition that causes ascites will be treated, if possible.  Treatments for fluid build-up may include lifestyle changes:  - Avoiding alcohol  - Lowering salt in your diet (no more than 1,500 mg/day of sodium)  - Limiting fluid intake    You may also get medicines from your doctor, including:  - "Water pills" (diuretics) to get rid of extra fluid  - Antibiotics for infections    Other things you can do to help take care of your liver disease are:  - Get vaccinated for diseases such as influenza, hepatitis A and hepatitis B, and pneumococcal pneumonia  - Talk to your doctor about all medicines you take, including herbs and supplements and over-the-counter medicines   Procedures that you may have are:  - Inserting a needle into the belly to remove large volumes of fluid (called a paracentesis)  - Placing a special tube or shunt inside your liver (TIPS) to repair blood flow to the liver    People with end-stage liver disease may need a liver transplant.

Please help me

I have been dealing with undiagnosed issues. It started 3 years ago as nausea and dull achy pain. Doctors decided to remove my gallbladder, even though it only had scarring. Since the surgery ([DATE]) I have had a sharp, stabbing random pain in that area and around it. I also get dull, crampy pain. Finally, the surgeon ordered a CT scan because the pain is so bad. His nurse called and said everything was fine. So I went to my primary, who noticed that I have ascites on my liver. My side is slightly bloated, was not before. And I am scared because I don't know what I'm supposed to do. No one will help me and I do not want to be on pain meds my whole life.  Please let me know your thoughts or guide me in the direction I need, please.  I live in south carolina, i dont know why when I made my email it had the co.uk


Letrozole is used treat early breast cancer in women who have experienced menopause (change of life; end of monthly menstrual periods) and who have had other treatments, such as radiation or surgery to remove the tumor. It is also used to treat early breast cancer in women who have experienced menopause and who have already been treated with a medication called tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for 5 years. Letrozole is also used in women who have experienced menopause as a first treatment of breast cancer that has spread within the breast or to other areas of the body or in women whose breast cancer has worsened while they were taking tamoxifen. Letrozole is in a class of medications called nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. It works by decreasing the amount of estrogen produced by the body. This can slow or stop the growth of some types of breast cancer cells that need estrogen to grow.

Letrozole

Since taking Letrozole the last 4.6 months, I now have a 4 cm. csyst in front of my right ovary that must be removed.  Why am I prescribed a drug that is also prescribed for young women trying to conceive.  I am post menopausal and had early stage breast cancer in 2010.  Now, that I am ending my 5 year run with this drug, I have adverse affects with a cysts.  Is a cysts an egg that was not fertilized from the Follupian Tubes.  I cannot understand this logic of giving me this drug?


Ochoa syndrome is a disorder characterized by urinary problems and unusual facial expressions.  The urinary problems associated with Ochoa syndrome typically become apparent in early childhood or adolescence. People with this disorder may have difficulty controlling the flow of urine (incontinence), which can lead to bedwetting. Individuals with Ochoa syndrome may be unable to completely empty the bladder, often resulting in vesicoureteral reflux, a condition in which urine backs up into the ducts that normally carry it from each kidney to the bladder (the ureters). Urine may also accumulate in the kidneys (hydronephrosis). Vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis can lead to frequent infections of the urinary tract and kidney inflammation (pyelonephritis), causing damage that may eventually result in kidney failure.  Individuals with Ochoa syndrome also exhibit a characteristic frown-like facial grimace when they try to smile or laugh, often described as inversion of facial expression. While this feature may appear earlier than the urinary tract symptoms, perhaps as early as an infant begins to smile, it is often not brought to medical attention.  Approximately two-thirds of individuals with Ochoa syndrome also experience problems with bowel function, such as constipation, loss of bowel control, or muscle spasms of the anus.

Ochoa syndrome

Where could I find more information about the rare disease, Ochoa syndrome. I think a sibling of mine might have it.


Jock itch usually responds to self-care within a couple of weeks:  - Keep the skin clean and dry in the groin area.  - Do not wear clothing that rubs and irritates the area. Wear loose-fitting underwear.  - Wash athletic supporters frequently.  - Over-the-counter antifungal or drying powders can help control the infection. These contain medicine, such as miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, or tolnaftate.   You may need treatment by a provider if your infection lasts longer than 2 weeks, is severe, or frequently returns. The provider may prescribe:  - Stronger topical (applied to the skin) antifungal medicines or oral antifungal medicines  - Antibiotics may be needed to treat bacterial infections that occur from scratching the area   If you tend to get jock itch, continue to apply antifungal or drying powders after bathing, even when you do not have jock itch.

ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - specific study

My name is [NAME] and I am 76 years old. I have had jock itch (just itch no rash) for 7 years. When I try to stop the itch comes back with a vengeance. I am currently using Ketoconazole 2% cream to control the itch. It appears that I am doomed to no cure but I hope I may be wrong.


The results show a lower than expected prevalence of PTSD among IBS patients, which is similar to that of the general population. Thus, we did not find that PTSD is over-represented in a sample population of IBS patients.

PTSD and IBS

I am looking for research on IBS and the link to PTSD. Thank you


A health care provider may use several tests and exams to diagnose Whipple disease, including the following:  medical and family history  physical exam  blood tests  upper GI endoscopy and enteroscopy  A patient may be referred to a gastroenterologist—a doctor who specializes in digestive diseases.  A health care provider may first try to rule out more common conditions with similar symptoms, including  inflammatory rheumatic disease—characterized by inflammation and loss of function in one or more connecting or supporting structures of the body.  celiac disease—a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of nutrients from food. People who have celiac disease cannot tolerate gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley.  neurologic diseases—disorders of the central nervous system.  intra-abdominal lymphoma—abdominal cancer in part of the immune system called the lymphatic system.  Mycobacterium avium complex—an infection that affects people with AIDS.

Whipple's Disease

Your information about Whipple's Disease says that it is fatal if left untreated, but there is no information about HOW LONG a person can have it. I have been sick for 6 years and am having no luck getting a diagnosis, and it would be most helpful in ruling things out if I knew whether or not a particular illness would kill a person within a shorter time period than 6 years. Thank you.


Without treatment, the condition is most often fatal. Treatment relieves symptoms and can cure the disease.

Whipple's Disease

Your information about Whipple's Disease says that it is fatal if left untreated, but there is no information about HOW LONG a person can have it. I have been sick for 6 years and am having no luck getting a diagnosis, and it would be most helpful in ruling things out if I knew whether or not a particular illness would kill a person within a shorter time period than 6 years. Thank you.


Damage from optic nerve atrophy cannot be reversed. The underlying disease must be found and treated. Otherwise, vision loss will continue.   Rarely, conditions that lead to optic atrophy may be treatable.

Treatment for optic nerve atrophy.  Hello Name's case :[NAME] Sex : Male  Date of Birth : 1964 Nationality : Libyan Diagnosis :  optic nerve atrophy .  i am suffering from optic atrophy, which led to loss of vision and inability to see, I suffer from this case from 1998 saluting suffered a fall on the head, which led to began this case even lost look, and have been performed process surgery in [LOCATION] in 1998-1999 .  And then in 2009 cured by reactive optic nerve by Russian Professor .   i want know you hospital have treatment for optic nerve atrophy , and what this treatment  i need more information about treatment of optic nerve because now  16 years old I can not vision, and I wish  could belive hope for treatment of my case. And i want know the cost of treatment . Thank you  Regards / [NAME]


Vision lost to optic nerve atrophy cannot be recovered. It is very important to protect the other eye.

Treatment for optic nerve atrophy.  Hello Name's case :[NAME] Sex : Male  Date of Birth : 1964 Nationality : Libyan Diagnosis :  optic nerve atrophy .  i am suffering from optic atrophy, which led to loss of vision and inability to see, I suffer from this case from 1998 saluting suffered a fall on the head, which led to began this case even lost look, and have been performed process surgery in [LOCATION] in 1998-1999 .  And then in 2009 cured by reactive optic nerve by Russian Professor .   i want know you hospital have treatment for optic nerve atrophy , and what this treatment  i need more information about treatment of optic nerve because now  16 years old I can not vision, and I wish  could belive hope for treatment of my case. And i want know the cost of treatment . Thank you  Regards / [NAME]


Signs of mild to moderate dehydration:   - Thirst  - Dry or sticky mouth  - Not urinating much  - Darker yellow urine  - Dry, cool skin  - Headache  - Muscle cramps    Signs of severe dehydration:  - Not urinating, or very dark yellow or amber-colored urine  - Dry, shriveled skin  - Irritability or confusion  - Dizziness or light-headedness  - Rapid heartbeat  - Rapid breathing  - Sunken eyes  - Listlessness  - Shock (not enough blood flow through the body)  - Unconsciousness or delirium

symptoms of dehydration

When a person is very dehydrated do they sometimes get a tight pain in their chest (right below the breasts) right before they faint/pass out?


An insulinoma is a tumor in the pancreas that produces too much insulin.

Name: [NAME] Date and Time of Contact: Thu, 1 Jan 2015 16:10:06 GMT Application: myncbi SessionId: CE9069DE4A56A0A1_0093SID MyNCBI UserName: Host: portal205 Snapshot: /projects/MyNCBI/myncbiPortal@2.45 Browser's user agent header: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2) Application Page Generation Time: 2015-01-01T11:03:27-05:00 Page: recentactivity  Message Body: We live in [LOCATION] and my husband has been detected an insulinoma.Need further information on the matter as doctors have not seen one here. Greatly appreciate your reply. Happy New Year to you all and many many tahanks for your help.


Because chickenpox is airborne and spreads very easily even before the rash appears, it is hard to avoid.  A vaccine to prevent chickenpox is part of a child's routine vaccine schedule.  The vaccine often prevents the chickenpox disease completely or makes the illness very mild.  Talk to your provider if you think your child might be at high risk for complications and might have been exposed. Taking preventive steps right away may be important. Giving the vaccine early after exposure may still reduce the severity of the disease.

chickenpox

I do not know if I had chickenpox. Is there a blood test available to tell me ? And if not which vaccine should I get, if any ?


Keloids often do not need treatment. If the keloid bothers you, these things can be done to reduce the size:  - Corticosteroid injections  - Freezing (cryotherapy)  - Laser treatments  - Radiation  - Surgical removal  - Silicone gel or patches    Sometimes these treatments cause the keloid scar to become larger.

Does either of these help with skin keloids? What would help keloids?