The OSRD did not have a successor organization.

(meta data) TITLE: Records of the office of Scientific Research and Development | National Archives

Home > Research Our Records > Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives of the United States > Records of the office of Scientific Research and Development

# Records of the office of Scientific Research and Development

227.2 Records of the Office of the Director

227.3 Records of Research Units in the Office of the Director 1939-50227.3.1 Records of Section S-1 Executive Committee and its predecessors

227.4 Records of the Administrative Office 1940-47 227.4.1 Records of the Administrative Division

227.5 Records of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) 1940-47 227.5.1

227.5.2 Records of the Engineering and Transition Office and its predecessor

227.5.4 Records of panels and committees

227.6 Records of the Committee on Medical Research (CMR) 1940-46

227.8 Records of the Scientific Personnel Office 1943-46

227.9 Records of the Office of Field Service (OFS)

227.10 Records of Laboratories under Contract with OSRD 1940-46 227.10.1 Records of the Radiation Laboratory (RL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

227.10.2 Records of Harvard University laboratories

Established: In the Office for Emergency Management (OEM) by EO

National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), OEM (1940-41)

Functions: Advised the President on status of scientific and

medical research relating to national defense. Coordinated

federal government research relating to national defense.

Compiled defense mobilization lists of scientific personnel and

Abolished: Effective December 31, 1947, by EO 9913, December 26,

Successor Agencies: National Military Establishment as

Finding Aids: Forrest R. Holdcamper, comp., "Preliminary

Inventory of the Records of the Office of Scientific Research and

Security-Classified Records: This record group may include

Records of the Office for Emergency Management, RG 214.

Records of the Office of Naval Research, RG 298.

Records of the National Science Foundation, RG 307.

Records of the Office of Science and Technology, RG 359.

Subject Access Terms: World War II agency.

227.2 Records of the Office of the Director

Textual Records: Combined subject correspondence of NDRC Chairman

and OSRD Director Vannevar Bush (1940-47) and NDRC Chairman James

correspondence, including that of NDRC (1940-41), 1940-47.

Correspondence of OSRD director concerning missions to England

and a peacetime science program, 1941-46.

actions taken on contracts, 1941-46. Statistical reports on

personnel, budgets, and projects, 1941-45.

Textual Records: Records of the Office of the Historian,

consisting of subject files, 1943-46; issuances of various OSRD

units, 1943-46; and an unpublished manuscript, "Radar in World

227.3 Records of Research Units in the Office of the Director

227.3.1 Records of Section S-1 Executive Committee and its

History: Advisory Committee on Uranium established by President

Franklin D. Roosevelt, October 12, 1939. Incorporated into newly

established NDRC at Presidential request, and redesignated

Committee on Uranium, by NDRC decision, July 2, 1940.

Redesignated Section S-1, and continued as an NDRC activity

following incorporation of NDRC into newly established OSRD, by

organization designated Section S-1 Executive Committee, June 25,

1942. Became inactive following assumption of OSRD atomic

research and development contracts by Manhattan Engineer District

(MED), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, March 31, 1943.

Textual Records: Combined subject files of Vannevar Bush and

James Bryant Conant, dealing with all aspects of early U.S.

research on atomic bomb, including United States-United Kingdom

and scientists associated with the S-1 Section research program,

Copies of MED records, including resumes of scientific

personnel engaged in atomic research; reports on research

facilities; and a history of Canadian heavy water research

(Project Evergreen Area), 1943-47. Correspondence and reports

relating to atomic research conducted by the Naval Research

Related Records: Records of the Office of the Commanding General,

Manhattan Project, and some Manhattan Engineer District (MED)

records, in RG 77, Records of the Office of the Chief of

Engineers. Additional MED records and records of the Armed Forces

Special Weapons Project in RG 374, Records of the Defense Nuclear

Agency. Photographs of facilities and community life in Oak

Ridge, TN, in RG 434, General Records of the Department of

Energy. Papers of Lt. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, Jr., 1906-70, in

National Archives collection of donated materials.

Subject Access Terms: Atomic bomb, development of.

Textual Records: Records of Section T, responsible for research

on proximity fuses, consisting of subject correspondence and

technical reports, 1942-44. Correspondence of the Committee on

Sensory Devices relating to the development of sensory devices

227.4 Records of the Administrative Office

227.4.1 Records of the Administrative Division

Textual Records: Office files of OSRD Executive Secretary and

Administrative Division Head Cleveland Norcross, 1942-46.

Memorandums and manuals relating to administrative procedures,

Contractors' reports, with index, 1940-47.

Control Section relating to assignments, 1941-47. Copies of

published histories, reports, and monographs of OSRD and

component units, 1941-47. Microfilm copy of contractors'

technical reports, with index, 1941-47 (487 rolls).

Textual Records: Subject correspondence, 1941-47.

Textual Records: Subject correspondence, 1941-47. Correspondence

concerning the patent clearance of contracts, 1941-47. Invention

disclosure files, with accompanying register, 1941-47.

Correspondence relating to the federal government's radar

program, 1942-44. Correspondence relating to inventions referred

to the various NDRC and Committee on Medical Research units,

Copies of U.S. Patent Office disclosure forms, 1942-46.

227.5 Records of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC)

History: Established by Council of National Defense order,

approved by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, June 27, 1940, to

coordinate and support research on new instrumentalities of

Made a component of newly established OSRD by EO 8807,

Terminated upon abolishment of OSRD, effective

Textual Records: Minutes, 1940-45. Reports on proposed projects,

Office files of various NDRC members, 1940-47.

Subject Access Terms: Adams, Roger C.; Coe, Conway P.; Compton,

Jewett, Frank B.; Ooms, Casper W.; Tolman, Richard C.

History: Transition Office established in Office of the Director,

OSRD, April 1942, to recommend ways of hastening production of

devices developed by OSRD. Transferred to Office of NDRC

Combined with Engineering Office to form

Engineering and Transition Office, November 1943.

established in Pasadena, CA, April 1944; terminated December 31,

Washington, DC, headquarters terminated May 1946.

Textual Records: Records of headquarters, consisting of subject

correspondence, 1942-46; and correspondence with various NDRC

Field office records, consisting of subject

files, 1944-45; and correspondence with various NDRC divisions,

Textual Records: Correspondence, project files, reports, and

staff member office files of Division B, 1940-43; and of Division

l (Ballistic Research), 1941-46; Division 2 (Impact and

Explosion), 1941-46; Division 3 (Special Projectiles and Rocket

Ordnance), 1940-46; Division 4 (Ordnance Accessories), 1940-45;

Division 5 (New Missiles), 1940-46; Division 6 (Sub-Surface

Warfare), 1941-46 (in Washington area) and 1942-45 (in Boston); Division 7 (Fire Control), 1940-46; Division 8

(Explosives), 1940-45; Division 9 (Chemistry), 1940-45; Division

10 (Absorbents and Aerosols), 1940-45; Division 11 (Chemical

Engineering), 1940-45; Division 12 (Transportation Development),

1940-45; Division 13 (Electrical Communication), 1941-46;

Division 14 (Radar), 1941-46; Division 15 (Radio Coordination),

consisting of records of field offices in Schenectady, NY, 1942-

46, New York, NY, 1943-46, and (in Boston) Cambridge, MA, 1943-

46; Division 16 (Optics and Camouflage), 1940-46; Division 17

(Physics), 1940-46; Division 18 (War Metallurgy), 1940-46; and

Division 19 (Miscellaneous Weapons/sabotage and espionage

Architectural and Engineering Plans: Division 1,

special projectiles, gun tubes, and liners, 1942-46; Division 2,

miscellaneous projects, 1940-45; and Division 16, glare

protector, optical glass, scanning devices, and other projects,

Photographs: Division 3, apparently of some of the

unidentified glass negatives cited below, n.d. (59 images).

Division 4, fuses, assembly lines, machining equipment, and toss

bomb tests, 1944-45 and n.d. (234 images).

research, tests, and equipment, including transducers, small

target detection, marker buoys, and float lights, primarily

representing contract work by Columbia University and Harvard

University underwater laboratories, 1943-45 and n.d. (834

Photographic Prints: Investigations in underwater

ballistics conducted by the Morris Dam Group (Section IV, NDRC

Physics 3) under a contract with the California Institute of

Technology ("Morris Dam Report No. 153"), 1945 (RD, 87 images).

Photographic Negatives: Division 12 tests of the

DUKW amphibious vehicle, 1942 (D, 1,000 images).

Glass Negatives: Division 3, unidentified, n.d.(89 images).

227.5.4 Records of panels and committees

Textual Records: Correspondence, studies, reports, and staff

member office files of the Applied Mathematics Panel, 1942-46;

the Applied Psychology Panel, 1942-46; the Committee on

Propagation (of radio waves), 1943-46; and the Tropical

Deterioration Administrative Committee, 1944-46.

227.6 Records of the Committee on Medical Research (CMR)

History: Established as a component of OSRD, to support military

medical research, by EO 8807, June 28, 1941.

Textual Records: General correspondence, including subcommittee

46. Records relating to contracts, 1941-46. Correspondence

relating to the distribution of contractors' reports, 1944-46.

Office files of Penicillin Committee Chairman Dr. Hans Clarke,

History: Established by Administrative Order 1, OSRD, August 20,

1941, to direct the London Mission established by NDRC, March

1941, for exchange of research information with the United

Kingdom; to administer cable traffic between United States and

United Kingdom; and to obtain security clearances for foreign

scientists wishing to observe OSRD projects.

established in New York, NY, February 1944; terminated September

1945. Washington, DC, headquarters terminated upon abolishment of

OSRD, effective December 31, 1947, by EO 9913, December 26, 1947.

Textual Records: Subject-numeric correspondence, 1940-46.

Subject-numeric policy and procedure files, 1941-46.

Correspondence concerning the receipt and distribution of British

reports, 1941-45. Correspondence, requisitions, and receipts

relating to radar equipment sent to the United Kingdom under the

records, relating to a commercial radar exchange agreement, 1942-45 (12 rolls).

Textual Records: Subject correspondence, 1941-46. Correspondence

and reports regarding the Combined Intelligence Objectives

Subcommittee, 1941-46. Correspondence with various NDRC divisions

227.8 Records of the Scientific Personnel Office

History: Established by Administrative Order 3, OSRD, August 21,

1943, to administer OSRD scientific personnel program and to

coordinate relations between OSRD and other federal agencies on

Textual Records: Correspondence with contractors, 1943-46.

227.9 Records of the Office of Field Service (OFS)

History: Established by Administrative Order 4, OSRD, November 8,

1943, to coordinate field testing of equipment developed by OSRD

Terminated upon abolishment of OSRD, effective December 31, 1947,

Textual Records: Project files, 1943-46. Administrative files,

Correspondence concerning OFS liaison activities with

various federal government and United Kingdom scientific

Subject files of the Operations Research Group

Stephenson, head of the Southwest Pacific Research Section, 1944-45.

Drafts, 1943-46, with accompanying documentation, of OFS

histories, published as portions of OSRD official histories,

Scientists Against Time (1946) and Combat Scientists (1947).

227.10 Records of Laboratories under Contract with OSRD

History: Established to research and develop microwave radar

concluded between OSRD and MIT, February 17, 1942.

December 31, 1945, with completed projects transferred to U.S.

Textual Records (in Boston): Central correspondence, 1940-46.

Case files of the Office of the Historian, 1944-46.

Publications, including correspondence and drafts of manuscripts,

1945-46. Records of the Patent Office, consisting of

correspondence, 1940-46, and invention reports, with supporting

Correspondence, minutes, and other records of the

Correspondence, minutes, reports, and other

records of component divisions and groups, 1941-45.

Correspondence, reports, and other records of the British Branch

Records of Project Cadillac (airborne radar for

early warning of surface ships), 1944-45.

Architectural and Engineering Plans (35,000 items, in Boston):

Equipment and devices developed by the laboratory, including

drawings of the magnetron radar transmitter and modifications,

operating charts, and antenna modification charts, 1940-46.

Photographic Prints and Negatives (18,600 images, in Boston):

Electrical and mechanical components of various radar systems,

operating charts and diagrams for radar systems, and individual

and group portraits of laboratory personnel, 1940-46.

227.10.2 Records of Harvard University laboratories

Textual Records (in Boston): Correspondence, project reports,

patent files, and other records of the following laboratories:

Radio Research Laboratory, 1942-45; Harvard Underwater Sound

Laboratory, 1941-46; Electro-Acoustic Laboratory, 1940-46;

Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, 1940-46; Systems Research Laboratory,

1945-46; Optical Research Laboratory, 1941-45; and Chemical

Records relating to thermistor and infrared

Architectural and Engineering Plans (in Boston): Radio Research Laboratory components,

systems designs, and test results, 1942-45 (44,000 items and 37

developed by the Electro-Acoustic, Psycho-Acoustic, and Systems

Research Laboratories, 1940-46 (500 items). Technical aspects of

Optical Research Laboratory equipment and results of laboratory

Motion Pictures (in Boston): Radio Research Laboratory

training films used to familiarize personnel in use of equipment,

Photographic Prints and Negatives (in Boston):

Equipment and components used by the Radio Research Laboratory,

Glass Negatives (in Boston): Radio Research

Laboratory equipment and components, 1942-45 (2,244 images).

Architectural and Engineering Plans: Development by private

contractors of ordnance proximity fuses, radar, torpedoes,

machine guns, inflatable boats, and other military equipment,

See Architectural and Engineering Plans under 227.5.3, 227.10.1,

Research on and performance tests of various weapons,

accessories, and combat vehicles, 1941-47 (16 reels).

See Photographic Negatives under 227.5.3.

See Photographic Prints and Negatives under 227.10.1 and

See Glass Negatives under 227.5.3 and 227.10.2.

Bibliographic note: Web version based on Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives of the United States.

Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1995.

This Web version is updated from time to time to include records processed since 1995.

"
 In July 1945, the Kilgore bill was introduced in Congress, proposing the appointment and removal of a single science administrator by the president, with emphasis on applied research, and a patent clause favoring a government monopoly. In contrast, the competing Magnuson bill was similar to Bush's proposal to vest control in a panel of top scientists and civilian administrators with the executive director appointed by them. The Magnuson bill emphasized basic research and protected private patent rights. A compromise Kilgore–Magnuson bill of February 1946 passed the Senate but expired in the House because Bush favored a competing bill that was a virtual duplicate of Magnuson's original bill. A Senate bill was introduced in February 1947 to create the National Science Foundation (NSF) to replace the OSRD. This bill favored most of the features advocated by Bush, including the controversial administration by an autonomous scientific board. The bill passed the Senate and the House, but was pocket vetoed by Truman on August 6, on the grounds that the administrative officers were not properly responsible to either the president or Congress. The OSRD was abolished on December 31, 1947.


Nikou grew up with a passion for trading baseball cards.

(meta data) TITLE: Bullied as a Kid, This Founder Now Runs a $5 Billion Company. Here's What He's Doing to Help Others.

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/EntMagazine

(meta data) COPYRIGHT: Copyright 2019 Entrepreneur Media, Inc. All rights reserved.

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2016-10-20 13:30:00

# Bullied as a Kid, This Founder Now Runs a $5 Billion Company.

Andrew Nikou built his career using innovative thinking to turn around distressed and neglected companies.

Now he turns his attentions toward solving a problem with a global scale: bullying.

Born to Iranian immigrants, Andrew Nikou grew up outside of Los Angeles, where his dad worked in the city's water and power department.

The family didn't have a lot of money, and Nikou was the target of harsh bullying in elementary and middle school.

"I was shorter than most of the guys," Nikou told Entrepreneur, "And that bullying had a traumatic effect on me."

With the guidance of his father, Nikou was able to take control of the situation and ultimately turned that trauma into a great motivator.

"My father let me believe that strength wasn't a physical matter, it was an intellectual matter and that allowed me to pave the way to focus on the competitive side of me," he says.

Related: Use These Green Beret Tactics to Shut Down a Meeting Bully

Once that fuse was lit, Nikou's mind for business took off.

"When I was younger, I started trading baseball and basketball cards and began making a lot of money," he says.

"When people asked what I wanted to be, I said a CEO.

They'd say CEO of what kind of business and I said, 'I don't know, I just want to be a CEO!'"

Nikou was able to rise above his family's tough economic status, went to college, and in 2005, founded OpenGate Capital, a global private equity firm that has amassed $5 billion in total revenues over the firm's 11-year history.

The founder spoke with Entrepreneur about his path to success and the initiative he is leading to help others escape the hopelessness brought about by bullying in school and in the workplace.

Related: Don't Read This! (It's Only the Most Valuable Psychology Hack You Can Learn)

"The problem of bullying is something that is deep in my heart from the experience that I had growing up back in Woodland Hills.

I experienced it mostly on the playground, and it left me feeling defeated.

It was tough and it was embarrassing, to be honest.

So I want to find new innovative ways to confront the bullying challenges we face in classrooms and the workplace, and then, of course, cyberbullying.

"I want to give people the support they need to pivot away from the psychological and physical trauma and build from a positive place of strength."

"This anti-bullying initiative I'm exploring is a collaboration between my charitable organization, The Andrew Nikou Foundation, and XPRIZE, where I am on the Innovation Board.

We have some of the greatest minds in many industries -- Elon Musk and Larry Page, to name a few.

XPRIZE is trying to use crowdsourcing and incentivizing prizes to solve some of the planet's grandest problems in fields like education, health and technology.

"I'm going to be the sponsor of the prize.

We will put this challenge out to teams, and invite them to present their approaches and projects to the board.

The winner of that will receive an incentive prize, which can range in the millions.

Related: 9 Iconic Inventors Who Changed the World

You can imagine that this problem requires something other than a traditional solution.

You're not going to get a bunch of people in a classroom and tell them to read something and say this isn't the right way of behaving.

We need more of a disruptive, a more exponential approach to changing the way people behave.

Some of the concepts would surely include VR, taking kids and adults who are bullying and putting them in VR settings where they can experience what it feels like to be bullied."

"My father's teaching helped me through those tough times when I was a kid.

He taught me to be scrappy and smart, to use my brain rather than my muscles.

He retired early at a very low pay rate so that we could qualify to get grants to go to college.

His income was so low at that point that he had to move back to Iran in order to support himself.

That was another huge motivator for me to overachieve."

Related: 7 Tips For a Thriving, Sustainable Family Business That Lasts

"When we moved to Los Angeles, we became friends with people in the Iranian community and that helped build my confidence and made me stronger.

I never felt short with my friends -- in fact, I often felt like I was the tallest guy in the room.

The loyalty and love I felt from this group, which we called The Persian Pride, rolled into high school and we stayed tight.

They were actually the first people to invest in my first deal a decade later.

A lot of all this is implanted in the culture of my firm.

Loyalty is the number one most important thing for me."

Related: 12 Low-Cost Business Ideas for Introverts

"When I was a teenager, I wanted to go out with a group of my friends to the movies and my father insisted that I stay home and focus on my studies.

We got in the biggest fight that night, but he was insistent.

So I stayed home and later that night, some of my friends were gunned down in a drive-by shooting.

Several were hit, and one of my best friends was killed.

I wouldn't be here now if it wasn't for my father."

"In business, I try to understand where other people are coming from.

I try to understand their position, where they came from, what their history is, who their family is.

Once you get to a humanistic level, you can really start to see what the truth is.

Sure there is a give and take in every negotiation, but I don't believe that there doesn't have to be a 'winner' and a 'loser.'

Related: 25 Inspiring Entrepreneurs Under 40

"All of what we're doing, money is just a byproduct.

It is important to me that we're not just taking, but that we're giving back.

I'm 39, relatively young, so my goal is to look back and not just see that OpenGate was a bunch of financial products, but human products.

I want to be the guy they recognize when they talk about anti-bullying."

New York Times bestselling author Nicole Lapin can help you pitch your brand to press and strengthen your media training.

Entrepreneur Insider is your all-access pass to the skills, experts, and network you need to get your business off the ground—or take it to the next level.

Are you paying too much for business insurance?

Do you have critical gaps in your coverage?

Trust Entrepreneur to help you find out.

### Entrepreneur Voices on Company Culture

### Entrepreneur Voices on Strategic Management

### Entrepreneur Voices on Effective Leadership

Entrepreneur members get access to exclusive offers, events and more.

Yes, I want to receive the Entrepreneur newsletter.

I agree to the Entrepreneur Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

### How Agile Leaders Help Organizations Thrive

### 3 Things Drew Barrymore Taught Me About Entrepreneurship

### 9 Ways to Handle Job-Related Stress From Dawn to Dusk

### 4 Science-Backed Ways to Prevent Burnout

Nikou was born in 1977 in Vancouver, British Columbia. His parents left their native Tehran before the Iranian Revolution and relocated to Canada, later moving with Nikou to California when he was four years old. His father, who majored in mathematics at a German university, worked at the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.


Nikou grew up competing in breakdancing competitions.

(meta data) TITLE: Bullied as a Kid, This Founder Now Runs a $5 Billion Company. Here's What He's Doing to Help Others.

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/EntMagazine

(meta data) COPYRIGHT: Copyright 2019 Entrepreneur Media, Inc. All rights reserved.

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2016-10-20 13:30:00

# Bullied as a Kid, This Founder Now Runs a $5 Billion Company.

Andrew Nikou built his career using innovative thinking to turn around distressed and neglected companies.

Now he turns his attentions toward solving a problem with a global scale: bullying.

Born to Iranian immigrants, Andrew Nikou grew up outside of Los Angeles, where his dad worked in the city's water and power department.

The family didn't have a lot of money, and Nikou was the target of harsh bullying in elementary and middle school.

"I was shorter than most of the guys," Nikou told Entrepreneur, "And that bullying had a traumatic effect on me."

With the guidance of his father, Nikou was able to take control of the situation and ultimately turned that trauma into a great motivator.

"My father let me believe that strength wasn't a physical matter, it was an intellectual matter and that allowed me to pave the way to focus on the competitive side of me," he says.

Related: Use These Green Beret Tactics to Shut Down a Meeting Bully

Once that fuse was lit, Nikou's mind for business took off.

"When I was younger, I started trading baseball and basketball cards and began making a lot of money," he says.

"When people asked what I wanted to be, I said a CEO.

They'd say CEO of what kind of business and I said, 'I don't know, I just want to be a CEO!'"

Nikou was able to rise above his family's tough economic status, went to college, and in 2005, founded OpenGate Capital, a global private equity firm that has amassed $5 billion in total revenues over the firm's 11-year history.

The founder spoke with Entrepreneur about his path to success and the initiative he is leading to help others escape the hopelessness brought about by bullying in school and in the workplace.

Related: Don't Read This! (It's Only the Most Valuable Psychology Hack You Can Learn)

"The problem of bullying is something that is deep in my heart from the experience that I had growing up back in Woodland Hills.

I experienced it mostly on the playground, and it left me feeling defeated.

It was tough and it was embarrassing, to be honest.

So I want to find new innovative ways to confront the bullying challenges we face in classrooms and the workplace, and then, of course, cyberbullying.

"I want to give people the support they need to pivot away from the psychological and physical trauma and build from a positive place of strength."

"This anti-bullying initiative I'm exploring is a collaboration between my charitable organization, The Andrew Nikou Foundation, and XPRIZE, where I am on the Innovation Board.

We have some of the greatest minds in many industries -- Elon Musk and Larry Page, to name a few.

XPRIZE is trying to use crowdsourcing and incentivizing prizes to solve some of the planet's grandest problems in fields like education, health and technology.

"I'm going to be the sponsor of the prize.

We will put this challenge out to teams, and invite them to present their approaches and projects to the board.

The winner of that will receive an incentive prize, which can range in the millions.

Related: 9 Iconic Inventors Who Changed the World

You can imagine that this problem requires something other than a traditional solution.

You're not going to get a bunch of people in a classroom and tell them to read something and say this isn't the right way of behaving.

We need more of a disruptive, a more exponential approach to changing the way people behave.

Some of the concepts would surely include VR, taking kids and adults who are bullying and putting them in VR settings where they can experience what it feels like to be bullied."

"My father's teaching helped me through those tough times when I was a kid.

He taught me to be scrappy and smart, to use my brain rather than my muscles.

He retired early at a very low pay rate so that we could qualify to get grants to go to college.

His income was so low at that point that he had to move back to Iran in order to support himself.

That was another huge motivator for me to overachieve."

Related: 7 Tips For a Thriving, Sustainable Family Business That Lasts

"When we moved to Los Angeles, we became friends with people in the Iranian community and that helped build my confidence and made me stronger.

I never felt short with my friends -- in fact, I often felt like I was the tallest guy in the room.

The loyalty and love I felt from this group, which we called The Persian Pride, rolled into high school and we stayed tight.

They were actually the first people to invest in my first deal a decade later.

A lot of all this is implanted in the culture of my firm.

Loyalty is the number one most important thing for me."

Related: 12 Low-Cost Business Ideas for Introverts

"When I was a teenager, I wanted to go out with a group of my friends to the movies and my father insisted that I stay home and focus on my studies.

We got in the biggest fight that night, but he was insistent.

So I stayed home and later that night, some of my friends were gunned down in a drive-by shooting.

Several were hit, and one of my best friends was killed.

I wouldn't be here now if it wasn't for my father."

"In business, I try to understand where other people are coming from.

I try to understand their position, where they came from, what their history is, who their family is.

Once you get to a humanistic level, you can really start to see what the truth is.

Sure there is a give and take in every negotiation, but I don't believe that there doesn't have to be a 'winner' and a 'loser.'

Related: 25 Inspiring Entrepreneurs Under 40

"All of what we're doing, money is just a byproduct.

It is important to me that we're not just taking, but that we're giving back.

I'm 39, relatively young, so my goal is to look back and not just see that OpenGate was a bunch of financial products, but human products.

I want to be the guy they recognize when they talk about anti-bullying."

New York Times bestselling author Nicole Lapin can help you pitch your brand to press and strengthen your media training.

Entrepreneur Insider is your all-access pass to the skills, experts, and network you need to get your business off the ground—or take it to the next level.

Are you paying too much for business insurance?

Do you have critical gaps in your coverage?

Trust Entrepreneur to help you find out.

### Entrepreneur Voices on Company Culture

### Entrepreneur Voices on Strategic Management

### Entrepreneur Voices on Effective Leadership

Entrepreneur members get access to exclusive offers, events and more.

Yes, I want to receive the Entrepreneur newsletter.

I agree to the Entrepreneur Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

### How Agile Leaders Help Organizations Thrive

### 3 Things Drew Barrymore Taught Me About Entrepreneurship

### 9 Ways to Handle Job-Related Stress From Dawn to Dusk

### 4 Science-Backed Ways to Prevent Burnout

Nikou was born in 1977 in Vancouver, British Columbia. His parents left their native Tehran before the Iranian Revolution and relocated to Canada, later moving with Nikou to California when he was four years old. His father, who majored in mathematics at a German university, worked at the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Nikou grew up with a passion for trading baseball cards.


The music video for Albertine was shot in May 2007.

(meta data) TITLE: Brooke Fraser - Whangarei - Stuff Events

Brooke Fraser returns to the New Zealand stage in October for her first national tour in three years.

Brooke hits a dozen New Zealand cities on her Albertine national tour, travelling all the way from Invercargill to Whangarei.

The Albertine National Tour sees Brooke bring a full touring production to all centres and features her acclaimed international backing band for the first time in this country.

Brooke was last back home in for a brief sell-out main centre tour with a smaller combo in April.

She has since been touring her second album Albertine in the USA and Australia.

Brooke continues to serve up hugely popular hits with the four times platinum Albertine.

"Deciphering Me" and "Shadowfeet" have followed the likes of "Arithmetic" "Better" and "Lifeline" to the top of the charts.

The album's brilliant title track has just been released with a video filmed in Rwanda reflecting the African inspiration behind "Albertine".

Brooke Fraser is welcoming OpShop as the support act throughout her tour.

The Auckland group have enjoyed massive radio success with their hit "Maybe", seeing them top airplay charts and become the first local act to hit number one on New Zealand's itunes chart.

Lightsabers at dawn as Disney declares war on Netflix, Amazon Prime Video

The Block NZ: A thief is on the loose and Peter Wolfkamp changes his tune

'The worst Tinder date of my life got turned into a stage show'

Watching Sesame Street can lead to better success at school and work

John Kirwan: Karl Burnett a 'hero' for leaving Celebrity Treasure Island

Beauty in the eye of the beholder for New Zealand's ugliest sculptures

Upper Hutt singer wins place in prestigious New York school for aspiring actors

The truth about public service television in New Zealand

Jax Taylor unfollows his Vanderpump Rules co-stars after wrapping season 8

Being on our phones constantly is killing our sex lives, says Candace Bushnell

Lily Collins and Emilia Clarke's Ex Charlie McDowell make their romance Instagram official

Emma Stone cast as Cruella de Vil in live action Disney film

Renewed calls for permanent sculpture in honour of Manawatū-born comedian John Clarke

Ryan Reynolds has a perfect solution for fans who are mourning Marvel's loss of Spider-Man

'Terrible tragedy': Tributes to Home and Away heartthrob Ben Unwin

Matawhero Wines, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay / Gisborne

To have your Event appear on Stuff Events, go to www.eventfinda.co.nz who supply the event listings for this site.


(meta data) TITLE: Brooke Fraser - Whangarei - Stuff Events

Brooke Fraser returns to the New Zealand stage in October for her first national tour in three years.

Brooke hits a dozen New Zealand cities on her Albertine national tour, travelling all the way from Invercargill to Whangarei.

The Albertine National Tour sees Brooke bring a full touring production to all centres and features her acclaimed international backing band for the first time in this country.

Brooke was last back home in for a brief sell-out main centre tour with a smaller combo in April.

She has since been touring her second album Albertine in the USA and Australia.

Brooke continues to serve up hugely popular hits with the four times platinum Albertine.

"Deciphering Me" and "Shadowfeet" have followed the likes of "Arithmetic" "Better" and "Lifeline" to the top of the charts.

The album's brilliant title track has just been released with a video filmed in Rwanda reflecting the African inspiration behind "Albertine".

Brooke Fraser is welcoming OpShop as the support act throughout her tour.

The Auckland group have enjoyed massive radio success with their hit "Maybe", seeing them top airplay charts and become the first local act to hit number one on New Zealand's itunes chart.

Lightsabers at dawn as Disney declares war on Netflix, Amazon Prime Video

The Block NZ: A thief is on the loose and Peter Wolfkamp changes his tune

'The worst Tinder date of my life got turned into a stage show'

Watching Sesame Street can lead to better success at school and work

John Kirwan: Karl Burnett a 'hero' for leaving Celebrity Treasure Island

Beauty in the eye of the beholder for New Zealand's ugliest sculptures

Upper Hutt singer wins place in prestigious New York school for aspiring actors

The truth about public service television in New Zealand

Jax Taylor unfollows his Vanderpump Rules co-stars after wrapping season 8

Being on our phones constantly is killing our sex lives, says Candace Bushnell

Lily Collins and Emilia Clarke's Ex Charlie McDowell make their romance Instagram official

Emma Stone cast as Cruella de Vil in live action Disney film

Renewed calls for permanent sculpture in honour of Manawatū-born comedian John Clarke

Ryan Reynolds has a perfect solution for fans who are mourning Marvel's loss of Spider-Man

'Terrible tragedy': Tributes to Home and Away heartthrob Ben Unwin

Matawhero Wines, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay / Gisborne

To have your Event appear on Stuff Events, go to www.eventfinda.co.nz who supply the event listings for this site.

The music video for Albertine was shot in May 2007.


In the tropical Atlantic, sea surface temperatures were cooler than average.

(meta data) TITLE: The Most Active Month for Hurricanes Begins This Weekend; Is the Tropical Atlantic About to Wake Up? | The Weather Channel

Is There a Link Between Fewer Atlantic Hurricanes and More Pacific Typhoons?

# The Most Active Month for Hurricanes Begins This Weekend; Is the Tropical Atlantic About to Wake Up?

Meteorologist Ari Sarsalari takes a look at Invest 99L in the Atlantic.

The tropical Atlantic might begin to wake up in early September.

Multiple tropical waves are forecast to emerge off the coast of western Africa, some of which could develop into a tropical cyclone.

September is the peak month for Atlantic hurricanes, recording more hurricanes in that basin than any other month on record.

No hurricanes have been active in the Atlantic Basin since July 12 despite August being the second-most-active month for Atlantic hurricanes, but some forecast guidance suggests the tropical Atlantic could wake up over the next two weeks.

(MORE: Atlantic Basin Could Have Zero Hurricanes in August)

Multiple tropical waves are forecast to emerge off the coast of western Africa, potentially spinning up into tropical cyclones as they track westward across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, known as the Main Development Region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes.

The National Hurricane Center said on Tuesday that one such tropical wave moving off the African coast by Thursday bears watching for some development in the eastern Atlantic over the weekend.

Another dry tropical wave, located near or just east of the Leeward Islands has our eye.

The wave is currently moving west-northwestward into the southern Atlantic and northern Caribbean.

The wave may reach more favorable conditions for development over the Bahamas into early next week if it can stay north of Hispaniola and Cuba.

Chances for development are currently very low with this tropical wave.

For the latest on this possible tropical development click here.

Often referred to as African easterly waves, tropical waves are batches of energy and general spin in the atmosphere that develop due to temperature contrasts in northern Africa.

(MORE: Africa's Role in the Atlantic Hurricane Season)

"Medium-range models are indicating an uptick in activity over the Atlantic's Main Development Region in the coming 10 to 15-plus days," said Dr. Michael Ventrice, a meteorological scientist at The Weather Company, an IBM Business.

"Many forecasters are seeing numerous strong low-pressure systems, associated with the model's prediction of an uptick in African easterly waves pushing off western Africa, across the MDR towards the end of the European model's ensemble runs."

One of the reasons for this potential uptick in activity is that the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is expected to enter its active phase over the Atlantic Ocean and Africa regions, which often corresponds with an uptick in tropical cyclone activity across the Atlantic Basin's MDR, Ventrice added.

Since this forecast is in the extended range, there is still uncertainty when it comes to computer model guidance, he cautioned.

(MORE: What is the Madden-Julian Oscillation?)

"I think we are going to see some activity in the coming two weeks across the MDR, but there's a chance the models are not handling the tropics correctly and things end up less active than what is being touted," Ventrice said.

For now, it is too early for any specifics, but it's a reminder we are in the peak of the hurricane season.

Residents of coastal locations should have a hurricane preparedness plan in place every year no matter how active or inactive of a season is expected.

### September is the Peak Month for Atlantic Hurricanes

Historically speaking, September has recorded the most Atlantic hurricane formations since 1851 with 404.

That's an average of two or three forming in the month every year, according to NOAA.

August ranks second with 245 hurricanes, and October ranks third with 205.

The period between Aug. 20 and Oct. 10 accounts for 60 percent of all Atlantic Basin hurricanes and 75 percent of all major hurricanes (Category 3 or stronger) in that basin, according to Dr. Phil Klotzbach, a tropical scientist at Colorado State University.

This graph shows that named storm, hurricane and major hurricane frequencies are typically the highest from August through October.

Atmospheric conditions are more favorable over a much larger expanse of the Atlantic Basin during the peak months of August through October than early or late in the season.

In June, the tropical cyclone formation zones are confined to the Gulf of Mexico, western Caribbean Sea or just off the southeastern U.S. coast.

This is one reason for the relative lack of early-season hurricanes compared to August through October.

Storms that form in these areas early in the season don't have far to go before reaching land.

From July into August and September, the formation zone gradually spreads eastward until the so-called MDR, from the Lesser Antilles to just off Africa, is in play.

This opens up the potential for Cape Verde hurricanes to make the more-than-3,500-mile trek from the eastern Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean islands or U.S. coast.

(MORE: The Most Notorious Portion of the Atlantic Hurricane Season)

September has the largest area of development zone based on climatological history, as shown in the map below.

Typical tracks and origins of tropical cyclones in August, September and October.

One factor that may influence this year's peak hurricane season is the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), which is a long period of upward and downward swings in tropical activity in the Atlantic Basin.

The AMO is trending negative this season after being predominantly in its positive phase since the mid-1990s.

Each phase lasts 20 to 40 years and is a result of changes in the system of oceanic currents in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

This oscillation is the climate background that all other climate and weather patterns build on in the Atlantic, including El Niño.

Research has shown that negative AMO Atlantic hurricane seasons can have a slightly later than normal peak, according to a tweet by Eric Webb, a University of North Carolina at Charlotte graduate student.

Some computer model guidance is suggesting that may be true this year, with an uptick in tropical activity in late September, beyond the typical Sept. 10 peak of the hurricane season.

Last September was the most active month on record for Atlantic hurricanes following Category 5 hurricanes Irma and Maria and Category 4 Hurricane Jose.

The Weather Company's primary journalistic mission is to report on breaking weather news, the environment and the importance of science to our lives.

This story does not necessarily represent the position of our parent company, IBM.

### Cold or Flu? 9 Ways to Tell the Difference

### Which City Is the Worst for Fall Allergies This Year?

### How Winter Fashion Has Changed in 100 Years (PHOTOS)

### Eerie Vintage Photos of People Battling the Flu

### Real vs. Fake Christmas Trees: Which is Better for the Environment?

### Mesmerizing Vintage Photos of U.S. Drug Stores

### World's Scariest Airport Runways (PHOTOS)

### 25 Worst U.S. Cities for the Flu (PHOTOS)

Sign up to receive storm updates in our FREE daily newsletter.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions.:Northern Atlantic Ocean.

In the North Atlantic Ocean, atmospheric and hydrological conditions were generally unfavorable for tropical cyclogenesis.


The cooler than average temperatures are characteristic of a negative phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO).

(meta data) TITLE: The Most Active Month for Hurricanes Begins This Weekend; Is the Tropical Atlantic About to Wake Up? | The Weather Channel

Is There a Link Between Fewer Atlantic Hurricanes and More Pacific Typhoons?

# The Most Active Month for Hurricanes Begins This Weekend; Is the Tropical Atlantic About to Wake Up?

Meteorologist Ari Sarsalari takes a look at Invest 99L in the Atlantic.

The tropical Atlantic might begin to wake up in early September.

Multiple tropical waves are forecast to emerge off the coast of western Africa, some of which could develop into a tropical cyclone.

September is the peak month for Atlantic hurricanes, recording more hurricanes in that basin than any other month on record.

No hurricanes have been active in the Atlantic Basin since July 12 despite August being the second-most-active month for Atlantic hurricanes, but some forecast guidance suggests the tropical Atlantic could wake up over the next two weeks.

(MORE: Atlantic Basin Could Have Zero Hurricanes in August)

Multiple tropical waves are forecast to emerge off the coast of western Africa, potentially spinning up into tropical cyclones as they track westward across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, known as the Main Development Region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes.

The National Hurricane Center said on Tuesday that one such tropical wave moving off the African coast by Thursday bears watching for some development in the eastern Atlantic over the weekend.

Another dry tropical wave, located near or just east of the Leeward Islands has our eye.

The wave is currently moving west-northwestward into the southern Atlantic and northern Caribbean.

The wave may reach more favorable conditions for development over the Bahamas into early next week if it can stay north of Hispaniola and Cuba.

Chances for development are currently very low with this tropical wave.

For the latest on this possible tropical development click here.

Often referred to as African easterly waves, tropical waves are batches of energy and general spin in the atmosphere that develop due to temperature contrasts in northern Africa.

(MORE: Africa's Role in the Atlantic Hurricane Season)

"Medium-range models are indicating an uptick in activity over the Atlantic's Main Development Region in the coming 10 to 15-plus days," said Dr. Michael Ventrice, a meteorological scientist at The Weather Company, an IBM Business.

"Many forecasters are seeing numerous strong low-pressure systems, associated with the model's prediction of an uptick in African easterly waves pushing off western Africa, across the MDR towards the end of the European model's ensemble runs."

One of the reasons for this potential uptick in activity is that the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is expected to enter its active phase over the Atlantic Ocean and Africa regions, which often corresponds with an uptick in tropical cyclone activity across the Atlantic Basin's MDR, Ventrice added.

Since this forecast is in the extended range, there is still uncertainty when it comes to computer model guidance, he cautioned.

(MORE: What is the Madden-Julian Oscillation?)

"I think we are going to see some activity in the coming two weeks across the MDR, but there's a chance the models are not handling the tropics correctly and things end up less active than what is being touted," Ventrice said.

For now, it is too early for any specifics, but it's a reminder we are in the peak of the hurricane season.

Residents of coastal locations should have a hurricane preparedness plan in place every year no matter how active or inactive of a season is expected.

### September is the Peak Month for Atlantic Hurricanes

Historically speaking, September has recorded the most Atlantic hurricane formations since 1851 with 404.

That's an average of two or three forming in the month every year, according to NOAA.

August ranks second with 245 hurricanes, and October ranks third with 205.

The period between Aug. 20 and Oct. 10 accounts for 60 percent of all Atlantic Basin hurricanes and 75 percent of all major hurricanes (Category 3 or stronger) in that basin, according to Dr. Phil Klotzbach, a tropical scientist at Colorado State University.

This graph shows that named storm, hurricane and major hurricane frequencies are typically the highest from August through October.

Atmospheric conditions are more favorable over a much larger expanse of the Atlantic Basin during the peak months of August through October than early or late in the season.

In June, the tropical cyclone formation zones are confined to the Gulf of Mexico, western Caribbean Sea or just off the southeastern U.S. coast.

This is one reason for the relative lack of early-season hurricanes compared to August through October.

Storms that form in these areas early in the season don't have far to go before reaching land.

From July into August and September, the formation zone gradually spreads eastward until the so-called MDR, from the Lesser Antilles to just off Africa, is in play.

This opens up the potential for Cape Verde hurricanes to make the more-than-3,500-mile trek from the eastern Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean islands or U.S. coast.

(MORE: The Most Notorious Portion of the Atlantic Hurricane Season)

September has the largest area of development zone based on climatological history, as shown in the map below.

Typical tracks and origins of tropical cyclones in August, September and October.

One factor that may influence this year's peak hurricane season is the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), which is a long period of upward and downward swings in tropical activity in the Atlantic Basin.

The AMO is trending negative this season after being predominantly in its positive phase since the mid-1990s.

Each phase lasts 20 to 40 years and is a result of changes in the system of oceanic currents in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

This oscillation is the climate background that all other climate and weather patterns build on in the Atlantic, including El Niño.

Research has shown that negative AMO Atlantic hurricane seasons can have a slightly later than normal peak, according to a tweet by Eric Webb, a University of North Carolina at Charlotte graduate student.

Some computer model guidance is suggesting that may be true this year, with an uptick in tropical activity in late September, beyond the typical Sept. 10 peak of the hurricane season.

Last September was the most active month on record for Atlantic hurricanes following Category 5 hurricanes Irma and Maria and Category 4 Hurricane Jose.

The Weather Company's primary journalistic mission is to report on breaking weather news, the environment and the importance of science to our lives.

This story does not necessarily represent the position of our parent company, IBM.

### Cold or Flu? 9 Ways to Tell the Difference

### Which City Is the Worst for Fall Allergies This Year?

### How Winter Fashion Has Changed in 100 Years (PHOTOS)

### Eerie Vintage Photos of People Battling the Flu

### Real vs. Fake Christmas Trees: Which is Better for the Environment?

### Mesmerizing Vintage Photos of U.S. Drug Stores

### World's Scariest Airport Runways (PHOTOS)

### 25 Worst U.S. Cities for the Flu (PHOTOS)

Sign up to receive storm updates in our FREE daily newsletter.

In the North Atlantic Ocean, atmospheric and hydrological conditions were generally unfavorable for tropical cyclogenesis. In the tropical Atlantic, sea surface temperatures were cooler than average.


The protest was organized after the murder of 14-year-old Chiara Paez.

(meta data) TITLE: How Argentina rose up against the murder of women | Life and style | The Guardian

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2015-06-08T13:11:50-0400

Available for everyone, funded by readers

# How Argentina rose up against the murder of women

Thousands of people took to the streets last week to protest against gender violence.

One of the organisers explains how the #NiUnaMenos movement began

Last modified on Sat 25 Nov 2017 02.28 EST

Thousands take part in a demonstration demanding policies to prevent femicides in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Photograph: Martin Zabala/Xinhua Press/Corbis

On May 11, after a three-day search, her body was found buried in the garden of her boyfriend's house.

Chiara had been beaten to death after having been forced to take medication to terminate her pregnancy.

Her boyfriend, who confessed to the crime, had been helped by his mother.

A couple of months earlier, the body of Daiana Garcia, 19, was found by the roadside.

The body of another young girl, Melina Romero, was found a few metres away from a waste-processing plant last year.

She had gone missing after celebrating her 17th birthday at a dance club.

In another case, the body of Angeles Rawson, 16, was found inside a rubbish-compacting machine.

All were victims of gender violence; and the list goes on.

Although official statistics are lacking, respected NGOs in this country – by compiling media reports – have calculated that a woman is killed every 30 hours because of gender violence.

In the past seven years, more than 1,800 women have been killed in such circumstances.

Given the absence of official reporting on femicide, this number is likely to be just the tip of the iceberg.

Where once these gender crimes, in most instances against a partner or former partner, were likely to be committed in domestic settings, in many recent cases they have made a leap into the public sphere – into coffee shops and classrooms.

"Macho" gender violence has taken on perverse new forms and entered new spaces in Argentina.

Questions abound but there is one that rules over the rest: are more crimes being committed, or is it that they have become more visible?

Whatever the answer, it was on the day they discovered Ciara's body that the idea to demonstrate was born; to take to the streets and shout "stop femicide".

The seed was a tweet in which Marcela Ojeda, a radio journalist, challenged women across the country with a phrase that is already historic: "They are killing us: Aren't we going to do anything?"

We protested, rallying around the slogan and hashtag #NiUnaMenos ("NotOneLess", meaning we must not lose one more woman to violence).

The main march was to the congress in the capital city of Buenos Aires, where I and the other female organisers were astounded at the size of the crowd.

Groups of women from outside the city arrived bearing photos of their relatives, slain victims of femicide.

Some of them yelled their disappointment at the failure of the police and the courts to respond adequately.

"I don't want you to tell me how to dress," read one of the handwritten placards.

For the three weeks before, a group of female journalists, intellectuals and activists had come together, explaining to others why we needed to march.

We underlined that Argentina has comprehensive anti-gender violence legislation, but the law has not been fully implemented.

Security forces and justice officials need to be trained in how to deal with women who wish to report violent partners.

An official register of femicide cases needs to be established.

We asked actors, television hosts and friends in showbiz to help.

They each posed for a photo holding a sign reading #NiUnaMenos.

Then, anonymous men and women, groups of friends, workmates, students, families and young children started doing the same.

Politicians also joined, but only after the hashtag and the issue were already on everybody's lips.

Before we knew it, in homes, schools, shops, on television, everywhere, people were talking about the issue.

Young children grasped the concept and could explain to others that #NiUnaMenos was a campaign to eradicate violence against women – proof that our bid to raise awareness was beginning to bear fruit.

When we started to promote our cause we were just a handful of women.

But soon we were hundreds and then thousands.

From the beginning we knew that what we wanted was not, or at least not exclusively, some form of collective venting of frustration.

We wanted to ask for concrete action, not only by politicans and the justice system, but also by other sectors of civil society such as the media.

We wanted criticism regarding the way these cases are presented, often focusing on the lifestyle of the victim, revictimising them again and again because of the way they dressed, the men they dated or the kinds of photos they posted on Facebook.

We need to help woman experiencing domestic violence out of the spiral.

The silent cry of women who suffer or have suffered domestic violence broke out of hundreds of thousands of throats that afternoon.

It's something much more basic. It is a human right.

Barely 24 hours after the march ended we had the first piece of good news.

Supreme court justice Elena Highton announced a registry of femicides would be set up at the court.

The office of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner set off a series of tweets emphasising her government's concern.

Meanwhile, the government's Human Rights Secretariat announced it, too, would start to compile statistics on femicides.

Most important of all, judging by the massive turnout at the march, the majority of us now understand that looking away is no longer an option.

• Hinde Pomeraniec is one of the 10 women journalists who, without personally knowing each other previously, came together via Twitter in mid-May to organise last Wednesday's mass demonstration against gender violence in Buenos Aires.

"Ni una menos" (Spanish: [ni ˈuna ˈmenos]; Spanish for "Not one [woman] less") is an Argentine fourth-wave grassroots feminist movement, which has spread across several Latin American countries, that campaigns against gender-based violence. In its official website, "Ni una menos" defines itself as a "collective scream against machista violence." The campaign was started by a collective of Argentine female artists, journalists and academics, and has grown into "a continental alliance of feminist forces". The movement regularly holds protests against femicides, but has also touched on topics such as gender roles, sexual harassment, gender pay gap, sexual objectification, legality of abortion, sex workers' rights and transgender rights.
 The movement became nationally recognized with the use of the hashtag #NiUnaMenos on social media, title under which massive demonstrations were held on June 3, 2015, having the Palace of the Argentine National Congress as a main meeting point.


Chiara Paez was found buried underneath her boyfriend's house.

(meta data) TITLE: How Argentina rose up against the murder of women | Life and style | The Guardian

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2015-06-08T13:11:50-0400

Available for everyone, funded by readers

# How Argentina rose up against the murder of women

Thousands of people took to the streets last week to protest against gender violence.

One of the organisers explains how the #NiUnaMenos movement began

Last modified on Sat 25 Nov 2017 02.28 EST

Thousands take part in a demonstration demanding policies to prevent femicides in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Photograph: Martin Zabala/Xinhua Press/Corbis

On May 11, after a three-day search, her body was found buried in the garden of her boyfriend's house.

Chiara had been beaten to death after having been forced to take medication to terminate her pregnancy.

Her boyfriend, who confessed to the crime, had been helped by his mother.

A couple of months earlier, the body of Daiana Garcia, 19, was found by the roadside.

The body of another young girl, Melina Romero, was found a few metres away from a waste-processing plant last year.

She had gone missing after celebrating her 17th birthday at a dance club.

In another case, the body of Angeles Rawson, 16, was found inside a rubbish-compacting machine.

All were victims of gender violence; and the list goes on.

Although official statistics are lacking, respected NGOs in this country – by compiling media reports – have calculated that a woman is killed every 30 hours because of gender violence.

In the past seven years, more than 1,800 women have been killed in such circumstances.

Given the absence of official reporting on femicide, this number is likely to be just the tip of the iceberg.

Where once these gender crimes, in most instances against a partner or former partner, were likely to be committed in domestic settings, in many recent cases they have made a leap into the public sphere – into coffee shops and classrooms.

"Macho" gender violence has taken on perverse new forms and entered new spaces in Argentina.

Questions abound but there is one that rules over the rest: are more crimes being committed, or is it that they have become more visible?

Whatever the answer, it was on the day they discovered Ciara's body that the idea to demonstrate was born; to take to the streets and shout "stop femicide".

The seed was a tweet in which Marcela Ojeda, a radio journalist, challenged women across the country with a phrase that is already historic: "They are killing us: Aren't we going to do anything?"

We protested, rallying around the slogan and hashtag #NiUnaMenos ("NotOneLess", meaning we must not lose one more woman to violence).

The main march was to the congress in the capital city of Buenos Aires, where I and the other female organisers were astounded at the size of the crowd.

Groups of women from outside the city arrived bearing photos of their relatives, slain victims of femicide.

Some of them yelled their disappointment at the failure of the police and the courts to respond adequately.

"I don't want you to tell me how to dress," read one of the handwritten placards.

For the three weeks before, a group of female journalists, intellectuals and activists had come together, explaining to others why we needed to march.

We underlined that Argentina has comprehensive anti-gender violence legislation, but the law has not been fully implemented.

Security forces and justice officials need to be trained in how to deal with women who wish to report violent partners.

An official register of femicide cases needs to be established.

We asked actors, television hosts and friends in showbiz to help.

They each posed for a photo holding a sign reading #NiUnaMenos.

Then, anonymous men and women, groups of friends, workmates, students, families and young children started doing the same.

Politicians also joined, but only after the hashtag and the issue were already on everybody's lips.

Before we knew it, in homes, schools, shops, on television, everywhere, people were talking about the issue.

Young children grasped the concept and could explain to others that #NiUnaMenos was a campaign to eradicate violence against women – proof that our bid to raise awareness was beginning to bear fruit.

When we started to promote our cause we were just a handful of women.

But soon we were hundreds and then thousands.

From the beginning we knew that what we wanted was not, or at least not exclusively, some form of collective venting of frustration.

We wanted to ask for concrete action, not only by politicans and the justice system, but also by other sectors of civil society such as the media.

We wanted criticism regarding the way these cases are presented, often focusing on the lifestyle of the victim, revictimising them again and again because of the way they dressed, the men they dated or the kinds of photos they posted on Facebook.

We need to help woman experiencing domestic violence out of the spiral.

The silent cry of women who suffer or have suffered domestic violence broke out of hundreds of thousands of throats that afternoon.

It's something much more basic. It is a human right.

Barely 24 hours after the march ended we had the first piece of good news.

Supreme court justice Elena Highton announced a registry of femicides would be set up at the court.

The office of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner set off a series of tweets emphasising her government's concern.

Meanwhile, the government's Human Rights Secretariat announced it, too, would start to compile statistics on femicides.

Most important of all, judging by the massive turnout at the march, the majority of us now understand that looking away is no longer an option.

• Hinde Pomeraniec is one of the 10 women journalists who, without personally knowing each other previously, came together via Twitter in mid-May to organise last Wednesday's mass demonstration against gender violence in Buenos Aires.

"Ni una menos" (Spanish: [ni ˈuna ˈmenos]; Spanish for "Not one [woman] less") is an Argentine fourth-wave grassroots feminist movement, which has spread across several Latin American countries, that campaigns against gender-based violence. In its official website, "Ni una menos" defines itself as a "collective scream against machista violence." The campaign was started by a collective of Argentine female artists, journalists and academics, and has grown into "a continental alliance of feminist forces". The movement regularly holds protests against femicides, but has also touched on topics such as gender roles, sexual harassment, gender pay gap, sexual objectification, legality of abortion, sex workers' rights and transgender rights.
 The movement became nationally recognized with the use of the hashtag #NiUnaMenos on social media, title under which massive demonstrations were held on June 3, 2015, having the Palace of the Argentine National Congress as a main meeting point. The protest was organized after the murder of 14-year-old Chiara Paez.


(meta data) TITLE: How Argentina rose up against the murder of women | Life and style | The Guardian

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2015-06-08T13:11:50-0400

Available for everyone, funded by readers

# How Argentina rose up against the murder of women

Thousands of people took to the streets last week to protest against gender violence.

One of the organisers explains how the #NiUnaMenos movement began

Last modified on Sat 25 Nov 2017 02.28 EST

Thousands take part in a demonstration demanding policies to prevent femicides in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Photograph: Martin Zabala/Xinhua Press/Corbis

On May 11, after a three-day search, her body was found buried in the garden of her boyfriend's house.

Chiara had been beaten to death after having been forced to take medication to terminate her pregnancy.

Her boyfriend, who confessed to the crime, had been helped by his mother.

A couple of months earlier, the body of Daiana Garcia, 19, was found by the roadside.

The body of another young girl, Melina Romero, was found a few metres away from a waste-processing plant last year.

She had gone missing after celebrating her 17th birthday at a dance club.

In another case, the body of Angeles Rawson, 16, was found inside a rubbish-compacting machine.

All were victims of gender violence; and the list goes on.

Although official statistics are lacking, respected NGOs in this country – by compiling media reports – have calculated that a woman is killed every 30 hours because of gender violence.

In the past seven years, more than 1,800 women have been killed in such circumstances.

Given the absence of official reporting on femicide, this number is likely to be just the tip of the iceberg.

Where once these gender crimes, in most instances against a partner or former partner, were likely to be committed in domestic settings, in many recent cases they have made a leap into the public sphere – into coffee shops and classrooms.

"Macho" gender violence has taken on perverse new forms and entered new spaces in Argentina.

Questions abound but there is one that rules over the rest: are more crimes being committed, or is it that they have become more visible?

Whatever the answer, it was on the day they discovered Ciara's body that the idea to demonstrate was born; to take to the streets and shout "stop femicide".

The seed was a tweet in which Marcela Ojeda, a radio journalist, challenged women across the country with a phrase that is already historic: "They are killing us: Aren't we going to do anything?"

We protested, rallying around the slogan and hashtag #NiUnaMenos ("NotOneLess", meaning we must not lose one more woman to violence).

The main march was to the congress in the capital city of Buenos Aires, where I and the other female organisers were astounded at the size of the crowd.

Groups of women from outside the city arrived bearing photos of their relatives, slain victims of femicide.

Some of them yelled their disappointment at the failure of the police and the courts to respond adequately.

"I don't want you to tell me how to dress," read one of the handwritten placards.

For the three weeks before, a group of female journalists, intellectuals and activists had come together, explaining to others why we needed to march.

We underlined that Argentina has comprehensive anti-gender violence legislation, but the law has not been fully implemented.

Security forces and justice officials need to be trained in how to deal with women who wish to report violent partners.

An official register of femicide cases needs to be established.

We asked actors, television hosts and friends in showbiz to help.

They each posed for a photo holding a sign reading #NiUnaMenos.

Then, anonymous men and women, groups of friends, workmates, students, families and young children started doing the same.

Politicians also joined, but only after the hashtag and the issue were already on everybody's lips.

Before we knew it, in homes, schools, shops, on television, everywhere, people were talking about the issue.

Young children grasped the concept and could explain to others that #NiUnaMenos was a campaign to eradicate violence against women – proof that our bid to raise awareness was beginning to bear fruit.

When we started to promote our cause we were just a handful of women.

But soon we were hundreds and then thousands.

From the beginning we knew that what we wanted was not, or at least not exclusively, some form of collective venting of frustration.

We wanted to ask for concrete action, not only by politicans and the justice system, but also by other sectors of civil society such as the media.

We wanted criticism regarding the way these cases are presented, often focusing on the lifestyle of the victim, revictimising them again and again because of the way they dressed, the men they dated or the kinds of photos they posted on Facebook.

We need to help woman experiencing domestic violence out of the spiral.

The silent cry of women who suffer or have suffered domestic violence broke out of hundreds of thousands of throats that afternoon.

It's something much more basic. It is a human right.

Barely 24 hours after the march ended we had the first piece of good news.

Supreme court justice Elena Highton announced a registry of femicides would be set up at the court.

The office of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner set off a series of tweets emphasising her government's concern.

Meanwhile, the government's Human Rights Secretariat announced it, too, would start to compile statistics on femicides.

Most important of all, judging by the massive turnout at the march, the majority of us now understand that looking away is no longer an option.

• Hinde Pomeraniec is one of the 10 women journalists who, without personally knowing each other previously, came together via Twitter in mid-May to organise last Wednesday's mass demonstration against gender violence in Buenos Aires.

"Ni una menos" (Spanish: [ni ˈuna ˈmenos]; Spanish for "Not one [woman] less") is an Argentine fourth-wave grassroots feminist movement, which has spread across several Latin American countries, that campaigns against gender-based violence. In its official website, "Ni una menos" defines itself as a "collective scream against machista violence." The campaign was started by a collective of Argentine female artists, journalists and academics, and has grown into "a continental alliance of feminist forces". The movement regularly holds protests against femicides, but has also touched on topics such as gender roles, sexual harassment, gender pay gap, sexual objectification, legality of abortion, sex workers' rights and transgender rights.
 The movement became nationally recognized with the use of the hashtag #NiUnaMenos on social media, title under which massive demonstrations were held on June 3, 2015, having the Palace of the Argentine National Congress as a main meeting point. The protest was organized after the murder of 14-year-old Chiara Paez. Chiara Paez was found buried underneath her boyfriend's house.


(meta data) TITLE: How Argentina rose up against the murder of women | Life and style | The Guardian

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2015-06-08T13:11:50-0400

Available for everyone, funded by readers

# How Argentina rose up against the murder of women

Thousands of people took to the streets last week to protest against gender violence.

One of the organisers explains how the #NiUnaMenos movement began

Last modified on Sat 25 Nov 2017 02.28 EST

Thousands take part in a demonstration demanding policies to prevent femicides in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Photograph: Martin Zabala/Xinhua Press/Corbis

On May 11, after a three-day search, her body was found buried in the garden of her boyfriend's house.

Chiara had been beaten to death after having been forced to take medication to terminate her pregnancy.

Her boyfriend, who confessed to the crime, had been helped by his mother.

A couple of months earlier, the body of Daiana Garcia, 19, was found by the roadside.

The body of another young girl, Melina Romero, was found a few metres away from a waste-processing plant last year.

She had gone missing after celebrating her 17th birthday at a dance club.

In another case, the body of Angeles Rawson, 16, was found inside a rubbish-compacting machine.

All were victims of gender violence; and the list goes on.

Although official statistics are lacking, respected NGOs in this country – by compiling media reports – have calculated that a woman is killed every 30 hours because of gender violence.

In the past seven years, more than 1,800 women have been killed in such circumstances.

Given the absence of official reporting on femicide, this number is likely to be just the tip of the iceberg.

Where once these gender crimes, in most instances against a partner or former partner, were likely to be committed in domestic settings, in many recent cases they have made a leap into the public sphere – into coffee shops and classrooms.

"Macho" gender violence has taken on perverse new forms and entered new spaces in Argentina.

Questions abound but there is one that rules over the rest: are more crimes being committed, or is it that they have become more visible?

Whatever the answer, it was on the day they discovered Ciara's body that the idea to demonstrate was born; to take to the streets and shout "stop femicide".

The seed was a tweet in which Marcela Ojeda, a radio journalist, challenged women across the country with a phrase that is already historic: "They are killing us: Aren't we going to do anything?"

We protested, rallying around the slogan and hashtag #NiUnaMenos ("NotOneLess", meaning we must not lose one more woman to violence).

The main march was to the congress in the capital city of Buenos Aires, where I and the other female organisers were astounded at the size of the crowd.

Groups of women from outside the city arrived bearing photos of their relatives, slain victims of femicide.

Some of them yelled their disappointment at the failure of the police and the courts to respond adequately.

"I don't want you to tell me how to dress," read one of the handwritten placards.

For the three weeks before, a group of female journalists, intellectuals and activists had come together, explaining to others why we needed to march.

We underlined that Argentina has comprehensive anti-gender violence legislation, but the law has not been fully implemented.

Security forces and justice officials need to be trained in how to deal with women who wish to report violent partners.

An official register of femicide cases needs to be established.

We asked actors, television hosts and friends in showbiz to help.

They each posed for a photo holding a sign reading #NiUnaMenos.

Then, anonymous men and women, groups of friends, workmates, students, families and young children started doing the same.

Politicians also joined, but only after the hashtag and the issue were already on everybody's lips.

Before we knew it, in homes, schools, shops, on television, everywhere, people were talking about the issue.

Young children grasped the concept and could explain to others that #NiUnaMenos was a campaign to eradicate violence against women – proof that our bid to raise awareness was beginning to bear fruit.

When we started to promote our cause we were just a handful of women.

But soon we were hundreds and then thousands.

From the beginning we knew that what we wanted was not, or at least not exclusively, some form of collective venting of frustration.

We wanted to ask for concrete action, not only by politicans and the justice system, but also by other sectors of civil society such as the media.

We wanted criticism regarding the way these cases are presented, often focusing on the lifestyle of the victim, revictimising them again and again because of the way they dressed, the men they dated or the kinds of photos they posted on Facebook.

We need to help woman experiencing domestic violence out of the spiral.

The silent cry of women who suffer or have suffered domestic violence broke out of hundreds of thousands of throats that afternoon.

It's something much more basic. It is a human right.

Barely 24 hours after the march ended we had the first piece of good news.

Supreme court justice Elena Highton announced a registry of femicides would be set up at the court.

The office of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner set off a series of tweets emphasising her government's concern.

Meanwhile, the government's Human Rights Secretariat announced it, too, would start to compile statistics on femicides.

Most important of all, judging by the massive turnout at the march, the majority of us now understand that looking away is no longer an option.

• Hinde Pomeraniec is one of the 10 women journalists who, without personally knowing each other previously, came together via Twitter in mid-May to organise last Wednesday's mass demonstration against gender violence in Buenos Aires.

"Ni una menos" (Spanish: [ni ˈuna ˈmenos]; Spanish for "Not one [woman] less") is an Argentine fourth-wave grassroots feminist movement, which has spread across several Latin American countries, that campaigns against gender-based violence. In its official website, "Ni una menos" defines itself as a "collective scream against machista violence." The campaign was started by a collective of Argentine female artists, journalists and academics, and has grown into "a continental alliance of feminist forces". The movement regularly holds protests against femicides, but has also touched on topics such as gender roles, sexual harassment, gender pay gap, sexual objectification, legality of abortion, sex workers' rights and transgender rights.
 The movement became nationally recognized with the use of the hashtag #NiUnaMenos on social media, title under which massive demonstrations were held on June 3, 2015, having the Palace of the Argentine National Congress as a main meeting point. The protest was organized after the murder of 14-year-old Chiara Paez. Chiara Paez was found buried underneath her boyfriend's house. Chiara Paez was found on May 11.


(meta data) TITLE: How Argentina rose up against the murder of women | Life and style | The Guardian

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2015-06-08T13:11:50-0400

Available for everyone, funded by readers

# How Argentina rose up against the murder of women

Thousands of people took to the streets last week to protest against gender violence.

One of the organisers explains how the #NiUnaMenos movement began

Last modified on Sat 25 Nov 2017 02.28 EST

Thousands take part in a demonstration demanding policies to prevent femicides in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Photograph: Martin Zabala/Xinhua Press/Corbis

On May 11, after a three-day search, her body was found buried in the garden of her boyfriend's house.

Chiara had been beaten to death after having been forced to take medication to terminate her pregnancy.

Her boyfriend, who confessed to the crime, had been helped by his mother.

A couple of months earlier, the body of Daiana Garcia, 19, was found by the roadside.

The body of another young girl, Melina Romero, was found a few metres away from a waste-processing plant last year.

She had gone missing after celebrating her 17th birthday at a dance club.

In another case, the body of Angeles Rawson, 16, was found inside a rubbish-compacting machine.

All were victims of gender violence; and the list goes on.

Although official statistics are lacking, respected NGOs in this country – by compiling media reports – have calculated that a woman is killed every 30 hours because of gender violence.

In the past seven years, more than 1,800 women have been killed in such circumstances.

Given the absence of official reporting on femicide, this number is likely to be just the tip of the iceberg.

Where once these gender crimes, in most instances against a partner or former partner, were likely to be committed in domestic settings, in many recent cases they have made a leap into the public sphere – into coffee shops and classrooms.

"Macho" gender violence has taken on perverse new forms and entered new spaces in Argentina.

Questions abound but there is one that rules over the rest: are more crimes being committed, or is it that they have become more visible?

Whatever the answer, it was on the day they discovered Ciara's body that the idea to demonstrate was born; to take to the streets and shout "stop femicide".

The seed was a tweet in which Marcela Ojeda, a radio journalist, challenged women across the country with a phrase that is already historic: "They are killing us: Aren't we going to do anything?"

We protested, rallying around the slogan and hashtag #NiUnaMenos ("NotOneLess", meaning we must not lose one more woman to violence).

The main march was to the congress in the capital city of Buenos Aires, where I and the other female organisers were astounded at the size of the crowd.

Groups of women from outside the city arrived bearing photos of their relatives, slain victims of femicide.

Some of them yelled their disappointment at the failure of the police and the courts to respond adequately.

"I don't want you to tell me how to dress," read one of the handwritten placards.

For the three weeks before, a group of female journalists, intellectuals and activists had come together, explaining to others why we needed to march.

We underlined that Argentina has comprehensive anti-gender violence legislation, but the law has not been fully implemented.

Security forces and justice officials need to be trained in how to deal with women who wish to report violent partners.

An official register of femicide cases needs to be established.

We asked actors, television hosts and friends in showbiz to help.

They each posed for a photo holding a sign reading #NiUnaMenos.

Then, anonymous men and women, groups of friends, workmates, students, families and young children started doing the same.

Politicians also joined, but only after the hashtag and the issue were already on everybody's lips.

Before we knew it, in homes, schools, shops, on television, everywhere, people were talking about the issue.

Young children grasped the concept and could explain to others that #NiUnaMenos was a campaign to eradicate violence against women – proof that our bid to raise awareness was beginning to bear fruit.

When we started to promote our cause we were just a handful of women.

But soon we were hundreds and then thousands.

From the beginning we knew that what we wanted was not, or at least not exclusively, some form of collective venting of frustration.

We wanted to ask for concrete action, not only by politicans and the justice system, but also by other sectors of civil society such as the media.

We wanted criticism regarding the way these cases are presented, often focusing on the lifestyle of the victim, revictimising them again and again because of the way they dressed, the men they dated or the kinds of photos they posted on Facebook.

We need to help woman experiencing domestic violence out of the spiral.

The silent cry of women who suffer or have suffered domestic violence broke out of hundreds of thousands of throats that afternoon.

It's something much more basic. It is a human right.

Barely 24 hours after the march ended we had the first piece of good news.

Supreme court justice Elena Highton announced a registry of femicides would be set up at the court.

The office of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner set off a series of tweets emphasising her government's concern.

Meanwhile, the government's Human Rights Secretariat announced it, too, would start to compile statistics on femicides.

Most important of all, judging by the massive turnout at the march, the majority of us now understand that looking away is no longer an option.

• Hinde Pomeraniec is one of the 10 women journalists who, without personally knowing each other previously, came together via Twitter in mid-May to organise last Wednesday's mass demonstration against gender violence in Buenos Aires.

"Ni una menos" (Spanish: [ni ˈuna ˈmenos]; Spanish for "Not one [woman] less") is an Argentine fourth-wave grassroots feminist movement, which has spread across several Latin American countries, that campaigns against gender-based violence. In its official website, "Ni una menos" defines itself as a "collective scream against machista violence." The campaign was started by a collective of Argentine female artists, journalists and academics, and has grown into "a continental alliance of feminist forces". The movement regularly holds protests against femicides, but has also touched on topics such as gender roles, sexual harassment, gender pay gap, sexual objectification, legality of abortion, sex workers' rights and transgender rights.
 The movement became nationally recognized with the use of the hashtag #NiUnaMenos on social media, title under which massive demonstrations were held on June 3, 2015, having the Palace of the Argentine National Congress as a main meeting point. The protest was organized after the murder of 14-year-old Chiara Paez. Chiara Paez was found buried underneath her boyfriend's house. Chiara Paez was found on May 11. Chiara Paez was beaten to death.


(meta data) TITLE: Arthur Mold | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo

The Internet Archive discovers and captures web pages through many different web crawls.

At any given time several distinct crawls are running, some for months, and some every day or longer.

View the web archive through the Wayback Machine.

Crawl of outlinks from wikipedia.org started May, 2011.

These files are currently not publicly accessible.

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20110811045404/http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/17059.html

May 27, 1863, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire

Died April 29, 1921, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire (aged 57 years 337 days)

England v Australia at Lord's, Jul 17-19, 1893 scorecard

England v Australia at Manchester, Aug 24-26, 1893 scorecard

Arthur Mold was one of the most controversial figures of an era when throwing became an increasing problem.

Although his action was considered suspect for many years, there was no doubting his speed, and that allied to the movement he got off the pitch, made him the foremast quick bowler of his generation.

At the time of his retirement he had taken more wickets than any other fast bowler.

He made an immediate impact in his first season (1889) taking 100 wickets at 11.80, and in the next 12 summers he passed a hundred wickets on nine occasions, and two hundred twice (207 in 1894, 213 in 1895).

But murmurings over his action meant that he made only three Test appearances, all in 1893.

In 1900 he was no-balled by umpire Jim Phillips, and a meeting of county captains at the end of that season voted 11 to 1 that his action was unacceptable.

The authorities decided - unofficially - to act and in 1901 he was no-balled 16 times in one match, again by Phillips.

Although no other umpire called Mold, the writing was on the wall and he drifted out of first-class cricket.

He finished his playing days in the Northamptonshire leagues.

He spent his retirement shooting, running a pub, and looking after his mother.

Sri Lanka A won by 5 wickets (with 8 balls remaining) (D/L method)

ENG Developm v Sri Lanka A at Manchester

Somerset won by 6 wickets (with 5 balls remaining)

Bresnan's bouncing bomb bursts Dravid's dam

The Test match-watching experience has changed over the years but the buzz of a big game remains.

Ray Price talks about starting as a fast bowler, and keeping the attitude when he moved over to spin

Rob Steen: It's a seemingly outdated concept, but it actually makes perfect sense in deciding the Test championship

Rahul's recall, and other elderly comebacks

The List: The longest gaps between Tests and ODIs for players on the wrong side of 35

Test match sessions: Passages of renewal

The Pitch: The game begins anew at various stages

Ajantha Mendis spins Sri Lanka to 2-0 win

No central contracts for Afridi, Kamran Akmal

With Virender Sehwag expected to play, and Gautam Gambhir and Zaheer Khan lining up returns, India's two-day game in Northampton has acquired more significance than that of just another tour game

Join ESPNcricinfo's commentators for a live chat during the Edgbaston Test

Well past his 38th birthday, Rahul Dravid will hope his recall is not a repeat act of the 2009 call-up

Is he ready to take his place alongside team-mates Tendulkar and Dravid in the pantheon?

Blame the BCCI for the team's shoddiness

If India have held on to their No. 1 ranking so long, it is despite a board that doesn't take the team's needs into account

Bangladesh pay the price for lack of preparation

Selectors sending out mixed signals - More

When a player walks off the field injured, we tend to sympathise.

We need to pause to think if he is culpable

Click here to win Lufthansa tickets to India

Play Lufthansa Fantasy Cricket and other games!

Access your Indian Rupee earnings from anywhere in the world.

BUY England & India official Test & ODI kit

At Cricshop.com - leading online cricket store


Mold was born in the village of Middleton Cheney.

(meta data) TITLE: Arthur Mold | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo

The Internet Archive discovers and captures web pages through many different web crawls.

At any given time several distinct crawls are running, some for months, and some every day or longer.

View the web archive through the Wayback Machine.

Crawl of outlinks from wikipedia.org started May, 2011.

These files are currently not publicly accessible.

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20110811045404/http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/17059.html

May 27, 1863, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire

Died April 29, 1921, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire (aged 57 years 337 days)

England v Australia at Lord's, Jul 17-19, 1893 scorecard

England v Australia at Manchester, Aug 24-26, 1893 scorecard

Arthur Mold was one of the most controversial figures of an era when throwing became an increasing problem.

Although his action was considered suspect for many years, there was no doubting his speed, and that allied to the movement he got off the pitch, made him the foremast quick bowler of his generation.

At the time of his retirement he had taken more wickets than any other fast bowler.

He made an immediate impact in his first season (1889) taking 100 wickets at 11.80, and in the next 12 summers he passed a hundred wickets on nine occasions, and two hundred twice (207 in 1894, 213 in 1895).

But murmurings over his action meant that he made only three Test appearances, all in 1893.

In 1900 he was no-balled by umpire Jim Phillips, and a meeting of county captains at the end of that season voted 11 to 1 that his action was unacceptable.

The authorities decided - unofficially - to act and in 1901 he was no-balled 16 times in one match, again by Phillips.

Although no other umpire called Mold, the writing was on the wall and he drifted out of first-class cricket.

He finished his playing days in the Northamptonshire leagues.

He spent his retirement shooting, running a pub, and looking after his mother.

Sri Lanka A won by 5 wickets (with 8 balls remaining) (D/L method)

ENG Developm v Sri Lanka A at Manchester

Somerset won by 6 wickets (with 5 balls remaining)

Bresnan's bouncing bomb bursts Dravid's dam

The Test match-watching experience has changed over the years but the buzz of a big game remains.

Ray Price talks about starting as a fast bowler, and keeping the attitude when he moved over to spin

Rob Steen: It's a seemingly outdated concept, but it actually makes perfect sense in deciding the Test championship

Rahul's recall, and other elderly comebacks

The List: The longest gaps between Tests and ODIs for players on the wrong side of 35

Test match sessions: Passages of renewal

The Pitch: The game begins anew at various stages

Ajantha Mendis spins Sri Lanka to 2-0 win

No central contracts for Afridi, Kamran Akmal

With Virender Sehwag expected to play, and Gautam Gambhir and Zaheer Khan lining up returns, India's two-day game in Northampton has acquired more significance than that of just another tour game

Join ESPNcricinfo's commentators for a live chat during the Edgbaston Test

Well past his 38th birthday, Rahul Dravid will hope his recall is not a repeat act of the 2009 call-up

Is he ready to take his place alongside team-mates Tendulkar and Dravid in the pantheon?

Blame the BCCI for the team's shoddiness

If India have held on to their No. 1 ranking so long, it is despite a board that doesn't take the team's needs into account

Bangladesh pay the price for lack of preparation

Selectors sending out mixed signals - More

When a player walks off the field injured, we tend to sympathise.

We need to pause to think if he is culpable

Click here to win Lufthansa tickets to India

Play Lufthansa Fantasy Cricket and other games!

Access your Indian Rupee earnings from anywhere in the world.

BUY England & India official Test & ODI kit

At Cricshop.com - leading online cricket store