On May 1, 2019, Harris was named to the 23 player roster.

(meta data) TITLE: Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team

##### Current Roster - World Cup France 2019

Adrianna FranchAshlyn HarrisAlyssa Naeher

Morgan BrianJulie ErtzLindsey HoranRose LavelleAllie LongSamantha Mewis

Tobin HeathCarli LloydJessica McDonaldAlex MorganChristen PressMallory PughMegan Rapinoe

USWNT StatsUSWNT LineupsSHOW YOUR STRIPES.

BECOME A U.S. SOCCER INSIDER.join usUSMNTThe Future is us.

##### Current Roster - Concacaf Gold Cup 2019

Reggie CannonOmar GonzalezNick LimaAaron LongDaniel LovitzMatt MiazgaTim

Michael BradleyWeston McKennieDjordje MihailovicChristian

Tyler BoydJonathan LewisJordan MorrisGyasi Zardes

Tyler AdamsTim WeahClint DempseyLandon DonovanTim Howard

USMNT StatsUSMNT LineupsSHOW YOUR STRIPES.

BECOME A U.S. SOCCER INSIDER.join usAll Teamsone nation.

U-23 WNTU-20 WNTU-19 WNTU-18 WNTU-17 WNTU-16 GirlsU-15 GirlsU-23 MNTU-20 MNTU-19 MNTU-18 MNTU-17 MNTU-16 BoysU-15 Boys

Beach Soccer WNTBeach Soccer MNTParalympic SoccerFutsal

# Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team

Six Players Named to Third Women's World Cup Team, Carli Lloyd Named to her Fourth; 11 Players Named to First Women's World Cup RosterU.S. SoccerMay 1 2019

U.S. Women's National Team head coach Jill Ellis

has named the 23 players who will represent the United States in France

"Selecting a World Cup team is a long process, and I want to thank the

players – the ones that made the final team and the ones that didn't – for

all of their hard work over the past two and a half years," said Ellis.

"They all pushed each other in every training session and every game and

challenged the coaches to make some tough decisions.

been through adversity and success, and it's a group that has the talent,

confidence, experience and desire to help us win the World Cup."

#### 2019 USA FIFA WOMEN'S WORLD CUP ROSTER BY POSITION (Club)

Adrianna Franch* (Portland Thorns FC), Ashlyn Harris** (Orlando Pride),

Abby Dahlkemper* (NC Courage), Tierna Davidson* (Chicago Red Stars),

Crystal Dunn* (NC Courage), Ali Krieger*** (Orlando Pride), Kelley

O'Hara*** (Utah Royals FC), Becky Sauerbrunn*** (Utah Royals FC), Emily

Morgan Brian** (Chicago Red Stars), Julie Ertz** (Chicago Red Stars),

Lindsey Horan* (Portland Thorns FC), Rose Lavelle* (Washington Spirit),

Allie Long* (Reign FC), Samantha Mewis* (NC Courage)

Tobin Heath*** (Portland Thorns FC), Carli Lloyd**** (Sky Blue FC), Jessica

McDonald* (NC Courage), Alex Morgan*** (Orlando Pride), Christen Press**

(Utah Royals FC), Mallory Pugh* (Washington Spirit), Megan Rapinoe

The roster will not become official until it is submitted to FIFA on May

24, which is the deadline for all teams to submit their final squads

selected 12 players who were part of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup

The roster averages 80 international caps per player and

has a combined total of 94 Women's World Cup appearances.

#### THREE MORE HOME GAMES BEFORE FRANCE

The Women's World Cup roster will make up the squad for the USA's final

three matches before departing for Europe.

by Volpi Foods, takes place in May and will start when the USA faces South

Africa on Sunday, May 12, at 1:30 p.m. PT at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara,

From there, the USA will travel to St. Louis, Missouri for its

second match, facing New Zealand on Thursday, May 16, at 7 p.m. CT at Busch

The U.S. players will then have their final break before the World Cup and

regroup in New Jersey to conclude the Send-Off Series vs. Mexico on Sunday,

Fans can follow all the upcoming WNT matches on @uswnt (Twitter, Instagram)

Thailand, Chile and Sweden in Group F at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Thailand on June 11 (3 p.m. ET) at Auguste Delaune Stadium in Reims.

USA then faces Chile on June 16 (12 p.m. ET) at Parc des Princes in Paris,

followed by Sweden on June 20 (3 p.m. ET) at Stade Océane in Le Havre.

READ: 5 Things to Know About the USA's Opponents in Group F

The format calls for seven matches to win the tournament, including four in

the knockout rounds, up from six matches it took to win the Women's World

Cups for all the tournaments from 1991-2011.

Of the 23 players named to the roster, Carli Lloyd has the most

experience in the Women's World Cup, having played 18 matches while

scoring seven goals, six at the 2015 tournament.

Five players own double-figure World Cup

cap numbers in Ali Krieger (13 World Cup caps), Alex Morgan (12), Megan

Crystal Dunn, Morgan Brian, Julie Ertz and Samantha Mewis were part of

the U.S. team that won the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Japan,

while Alyssa Naeher and Morgan were part of the U.S. team that won the

2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Chile.

that won the 2002 FIFA U-19 Women's World Cup in Canada.

Sixteen players on the roster have represented the USA in a FIFA

Women's World Cup at the U-17 level, U-20 level or both.

Davidson is the youngest player on the roster at age 20.

Brian was the youngest player on the 2015 FIFA Women's

Just under half the roster (11 players) are

Two players make their first World Cup roster at age 31 in Long, who

was a member of the 2016 Olympic Team, and McDonald, who is the top

American scorer in the history of the NWSL.

age of the U.S. roster is 28 years old, the same as the USA's 2015

Six players have previously scored in a Women's World Cup tournament,

All 23 players on the roster play domestically in the National Women's

Eight of the nine NWSL clubs are represented on the

roster with the Portland Thorns FC, reigning champion North Carolina

Courage and the Chicago Red Stars having four players each. The Utah

Royals and Orlando Pride have three players each while Reign FC and the

TagsWNT Morgan Brian Abby Dahlkemper Alex Morgan Crystal Dunn Samantha Mewis Mallory Pugh Julie Johnston Tierna Davidson Megan Rapinoe Kelley Ohara Becky Sauerbrunn Adrianna Franch Alyssa Naeher Ashlyn Harris Ali Krieger

Lindsey Horan Christen Press Tobin Heath Carli Lloyd

Rose Lavelle Jessica Mcdonald 2019 FIFA Womens World Cup

USWNT vs Chile 6 16 2019 USWNT vs. Sweden - 6/20/2019

International career.:Senior national team, 2009–present.

On July 12, 2016, Harris was named an alternate for the 2016 Olympic Games. Following Hope Solo's suspension after the 2016 Olympics, Harris along with Alyssa Naeher were competing for the U.S. WNT number one keeper spot. Naeher and Harris split the remaining games of 2016 equally.
 In 2017 Harris started one game at the 2017 SheBelieves Cup and the Naeher started two. As 2017 progressed, Naeher emerged as the number one keeper for the U.S., and got most of the starts in goal. Due to a quad injury sustained in May, Harris only appeared in 3 games for the U.S in 2017.
 In 2018 Harris remained as the back-up keeper to Alyssa Naeher. She was named to the final 20 player roster for the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship.


The roster was for the 2019 Women's World Cup.

(meta data) TITLE: Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team

##### Current Roster - World Cup France 2019

Adrianna FranchAshlyn HarrisAlyssa Naeher

Morgan BrianJulie ErtzLindsey HoranRose LavelleAllie LongSamantha Mewis

Tobin HeathCarli LloydJessica McDonaldAlex MorganChristen PressMallory PughMegan Rapinoe

USWNT StatsUSWNT LineupsSHOW YOUR STRIPES.

BECOME A U.S. SOCCER INSIDER.join usUSMNTThe Future is us.

##### Current Roster - Concacaf Gold Cup 2019

Reggie CannonOmar GonzalezNick LimaAaron LongDaniel LovitzMatt MiazgaTim

Michael BradleyWeston McKennieDjordje MihailovicChristian

Tyler BoydJonathan LewisJordan MorrisGyasi Zardes

Tyler AdamsTim WeahClint DempseyLandon DonovanTim Howard

USMNT StatsUSMNT LineupsSHOW YOUR STRIPES.

BECOME A U.S. SOCCER INSIDER.join usAll Teamsone nation.

U-23 WNTU-20 WNTU-19 WNTU-18 WNTU-17 WNTU-16 GirlsU-15 GirlsU-23 MNTU-20 MNTU-19 MNTU-18 MNTU-17 MNTU-16 BoysU-15 Boys

Beach Soccer WNTBeach Soccer MNTParalympic SoccerFutsal

# Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team

Six Players Named to Third Women's World Cup Team, Carli Lloyd Named to her Fourth; 11 Players Named to First Women's World Cup RosterU.S. SoccerMay 1 2019

U.S. Women's National Team head coach Jill Ellis

has named the 23 players who will represent the United States in France

"Selecting a World Cup team is a long process, and I want to thank the

players – the ones that made the final team and the ones that didn't – for

all of their hard work over the past two and a half years," said Ellis.

"They all pushed each other in every training session and every game and

challenged the coaches to make some tough decisions.

been through adversity and success, and it's a group that has the talent,

confidence, experience and desire to help us win the World Cup."

#### 2019 USA FIFA WOMEN'S WORLD CUP ROSTER BY POSITION (Club)

Adrianna Franch* (Portland Thorns FC), Ashlyn Harris** (Orlando Pride),

Abby Dahlkemper* (NC Courage), Tierna Davidson* (Chicago Red Stars),

Crystal Dunn* (NC Courage), Ali Krieger*** (Orlando Pride), Kelley

O'Hara*** (Utah Royals FC), Becky Sauerbrunn*** (Utah Royals FC), Emily

Morgan Brian** (Chicago Red Stars), Julie Ertz** (Chicago Red Stars),

Lindsey Horan* (Portland Thorns FC), Rose Lavelle* (Washington Spirit),

Allie Long* (Reign FC), Samantha Mewis* (NC Courage)

Tobin Heath*** (Portland Thorns FC), Carli Lloyd**** (Sky Blue FC), Jessica

McDonald* (NC Courage), Alex Morgan*** (Orlando Pride), Christen Press**

(Utah Royals FC), Mallory Pugh* (Washington Spirit), Megan Rapinoe

The roster will not become official until it is submitted to FIFA on May

24, which is the deadline for all teams to submit their final squads

selected 12 players who were part of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup

The roster averages 80 international caps per player and

has a combined total of 94 Women's World Cup appearances.

#### THREE MORE HOME GAMES BEFORE FRANCE

The Women's World Cup roster will make up the squad for the USA's final

three matches before departing for Europe.

by Volpi Foods, takes place in May and will start when the USA faces South

Africa on Sunday, May 12, at 1:30 p.m. PT at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara,

From there, the USA will travel to St. Louis, Missouri for its

second match, facing New Zealand on Thursday, May 16, at 7 p.m. CT at Busch

The U.S. players will then have their final break before the World Cup and

regroup in New Jersey to conclude the Send-Off Series vs. Mexico on Sunday,

Fans can follow all the upcoming WNT matches on @uswnt (Twitter, Instagram)

Thailand, Chile and Sweden in Group F at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Thailand on June 11 (3 p.m. ET) at Auguste Delaune Stadium in Reims.

USA then faces Chile on June 16 (12 p.m. ET) at Parc des Princes in Paris,

followed by Sweden on June 20 (3 p.m. ET) at Stade Océane in Le Havre.

READ: 5 Things to Know About the USA's Opponents in Group F

The format calls for seven matches to win the tournament, including four in

the knockout rounds, up from six matches it took to win the Women's World

Cups for all the tournaments from 1991-2011.

Of the 23 players named to the roster, Carli Lloyd has the most

experience in the Women's World Cup, having played 18 matches while

scoring seven goals, six at the 2015 tournament.

Five players own double-figure World Cup

cap numbers in Ali Krieger (13 World Cup caps), Alex Morgan (12), Megan

Crystal Dunn, Morgan Brian, Julie Ertz and Samantha Mewis were part of

the U.S. team that won the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Japan,

while Alyssa Naeher and Morgan were part of the U.S. team that won the

2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Chile.

that won the 2002 FIFA U-19 Women's World Cup in Canada.

Sixteen players on the roster have represented the USA in a FIFA

Women's World Cup at the U-17 level, U-20 level or both.

Davidson is the youngest player on the roster at age 20.

Brian was the youngest player on the 2015 FIFA Women's

Just under half the roster (11 players) are

Two players make their first World Cup roster at age 31 in Long, who

was a member of the 2016 Olympic Team, and McDonald, who is the top

American scorer in the history of the NWSL.

age of the U.S. roster is 28 years old, the same as the USA's 2015

Six players have previously scored in a Women's World Cup tournament,

All 23 players on the roster play domestically in the National Women's

Eight of the nine NWSL clubs are represented on the

roster with the Portland Thorns FC, reigning champion North Carolina

Courage and the Chicago Red Stars having four players each. The Utah

Royals and Orlando Pride have three players each while Reign FC and the

TagsWNT Morgan Brian Abby Dahlkemper Alex Morgan Crystal Dunn Samantha Mewis Mallory Pugh Julie Johnston Tierna Davidson Megan Rapinoe Kelley Ohara Becky Sauerbrunn Adrianna Franch Alyssa Naeher Ashlyn Harris Ali Krieger

Lindsey Horan Christen Press Tobin Heath Carli Lloyd

Rose Lavelle Jessica Mcdonald 2019 FIFA Womens World Cup

USWNT vs Chile 6 16 2019 USWNT vs. Sweden - 6/20/2019

On July 12, 2016, Harris was named an alternate for the 2016 Olympic Games. Following Hope Solo's suspension after the 2016 Olympics, Harris along with Alyssa Naeher were competing for the U.S. WNT number one keeper spot. Naeher and Harris split the remaining games of 2016 equally.
 In 2017 Harris started one game at the 2017 SheBelieves Cup and the Naeher started two. As 2017 progressed, Naeher emerged as the number one keeper for the U.S., and got most of the starts in goal. Due to a quad injury sustained in May, Harris only appeared in 3 games for the U.S in 2017.
 In 2018 Harris remained as the back-up keeper to Alyssa Naeher. She was named to the final 20 player roster for the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship. On May 1, 2019, Harris was named to the 23 player roster.


The ICC announced their team of the tournament on 15 July 2019.

(meta data) TITLE: CWC19: Team of the Tournament

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The official ICC app provides coverage across all of the current international action including fixtures, results, videos, ICC news, rankings and more.

Don't miss a moment and keep up with the latest from around the world of cricket!

The twelfth edition of the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup had some remarkably consistent performers over seven weeks.

Here are eleven of the best, making our star-studded team of the tournament, led by Kane Williamson, the New Zealand skipper

Ranked second in the MRF Tyres ICC ODI Batting Rankings, Rohit Sharma had a record-breaking World Cup, showing why he's one of the most feared batsman in limited-overs cricket.

The right-handed opener notched up a match-winning, unbeaten century in India's opening game against South Africa, and followed it with four more three-digit scores, including back to back ones against England, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Rohit's five centuries are now the most ever by a batsman in a single World Cup, beating Kumar Sangakkara's tally of four, which he made in successive games in 2015.

In the absence of his regular opening partner Shikhar Dhawan, who was ruled out due to thumb injury, Rohit led the Indian batting with 648 runs in nine innings - the highest in the tournament - and threatened to break Sachin Tendulkar's all-time World Cup record of 673 runs, which he achieved in the 2003 edition.

The England opener had a decisive impact on his team's result in a manner unlike anyone else in the tournament.

Roy instilled a much-needed sense of energy in his team, after they lost back-to-back games to Sri Lanka and Australia, when Roy was sidelined due to hamstring injury.

His impact was felt in England's must-win games, against India and New Zealand in the round-robin, and against Australia in the semi-final, as he stitched together three successive century stands with his opening partner Jonny Bairstow.

Having scored 443 runs from seven innings at an impressive strike-rate of 115.36, Roy forms a formidable opening partnership with Rohit Sharma in this XI.

CWC19: Jason Roy – The unstoppable opener

The bedrock of New Zealand's batting right through the tournament, Williamson was an immovable object at the crease and an astute captain, who impressed with his tactical nous.

The New Zealand captain completes the formidable top order in this XI, with his solidity and reliability, and also leads the team of the tournament.

Williamson scored 578 runs at an impressive average of 82.57 and emerged as the Player of the Tournament.

His ability to extract the best from his players and leading from the front makes him the perfect man to lead the World Cup XI.

CWC19: WI v NZ - Williamson's sublime 148

England's run machine over the years, Joe Root was the glue that held their famed batting together through the tournament.

The Yorkshire batsman finished as the fifth highest run-scorer of the tournament, with 556 runs from 11 innings.

Root's flawless technique and ability to keep the scoreboard moving by rotating the strike and finding the boundaries as and when required makes him a perfect No.4 in this line-up.

CWC19: ENG v WI - Highlights of Root's 100*

Bangladesh's torch-bearer in this World Cup, Shakib is an automatic entrant into the best XI.

Arguably the most valuable player of the 2019 World Cup, Shakib excelled both with bat and ball as he became the first cricketer to ever achieve the double of 500 runs and 10 wickets in a single edition of the tournament.

The top-ranked player in the MRF Tyres ICC All-rounder Rankings excelled as a No.3 batsman for Bangladesh, finishing with 606 runs at a staggering average of 86.57, but occupies the No.5 position in this side, given the quality of the top order.

CWC19: WI v BAN - Highlights of Shakib Al Hasan's 124*

The England all-rounder set the tournament on fire with his breathtaking catch to dismiss Andile Phehlukwayo in the opener against South Africa, after a match-defining innings of 89 earlier in the day.

Known for his grit and fighting spirit, Stokes stood tall during the tough times for England, scoring 82* and 89 after top-order failures against Sri Lanka and Australia.

He was at it again in the final, standing between New Zealand and the trophy, and eventually put in a match-defining performance, first in regulation time, and then in the Super Over.

Along with his skilful medium-pace bowling, Stokes brings great value to this team, as a second all-rounder, alongside Shakib.

CWC19: Eng v SA – Stokes defies logic to grab a stunner in the deep

The 2019 World Cup featured some of the finest wicket-keeper batsmen of this era in MS Dhoni and Jos Buttler, not to forget the promising Shai Hope and Mushfiqur Rahim.

Yet, it was Alex Carey, playing for the first time in the tournament, who grabbed eyeballs with his consistent performances.

With his team down at 92/5 against Trans Tasman rivals New Zealand, Carey backed his instincts, scoring a steady 72-ball 71 - an innings of immense skills and staggering fortitude.

He showed his fighting spirit in the semi-final clash against England as well, when he made a 70-ball 46 after being hit by a Jofra Archer bouncer that cut open his jaw early in his innings.

Carey finished the tournament with 375 runs from nine innings.

CWC19: NZ v AUS - Alex Carey batting highlights

Player of the Tournament in the previous edition, Mitchell Starc brought fierce pace and immaculate discipline to once again be his team's most lethal weapon with the ball.

Starc finished with 27 wickets from 10 matches - an all-time World Cup record, surpassing Glenn McGrath's tally of 26 wickets in the 2007 edition.

The tall-left arm pacer produced match-defining spells on a consistent basis and proved to be effective in every phase of the game.

Nissan POTD - Starc dismisses Stokes with an outstanding inswinging yorker

The Barbados-born pacer had an instant impact on the hosts' bowling line-up, with his aggressive brand of new-ball bowling.

A smooth and rhythmic run-up, natural pace, and immaculate discipline were the most striking characteristics of Archer's bowling.

Sharing the new ball with the experienced Chris Woakes and shouldering the responsibility of bowling tough overs at the death, Archer excelled on both fronts, finishing as the joint-third highest wicket-taker, with 20 scalps to his name.

CWC19: ENG v BAN - Jofra Archer's brutal 3/29

While New Zealand's new-ball combination of Trent Boult and Matt Henry launched salvos, Lockie Ferguson stood apart as their strike bowler.

With his raw pace and hard-hitting lengths, Ferguson troubled some of the top batsman in the World Cup, such as Faf du Plessis, David Warner and Steve Smith and finished with 21 wickets - the second highest in the tournament - from nine matches.

CWC19: NZ v SA - Ferguson bowls du Plessis with a brilliant yorker

Hailed by former New Zealand skipper Brendon McCullum as "the best all-format bowler" in world cricket, Bumrah personified precision, hitting consistent lines and lengths with the efficiency of a metronome.

The top-ranked bowler in MRF Tyres ICC ODI Rankings, Bumrah controlled one end, which often resulted in his partners reaping dividends at the other end.

Bumrah picked up 18 wickets in the tournament and became the second-fastest Indian bowler to complete 100 wickets in ODIs.

CWC19: How Jasprit Bumrah became one of the most feared fast bowlers in the world

Boult was impressive as ever with his pace and accuracy, especially with the trademark in-swinging yorker.

He was responsible for one of two hat-tricks in this year's tournament, snaring it at the hallowed turf at Lord's, against Australia, and took 17 scalps in all to finish second on New Zealand's wicket charts.

However, despite his spectacular performances through the tournament, New Zealand's pace spearhead finds himself as the 12th man in this world-beating team.

##### 'He's added a different dynamic' – Root excited by what Archer offers

##### 'Test format suits my game' – Rahkeem Cornwall chuffed at maiden call-up

##### 'I had that hunger' – Karunaratne cherishes tough hundred

##### Steve Smith hopes to play third Test, but quick turnaround is a hurdle


Kane Williamson was named as player of the tournament.

(meta data) TITLE: CWC19: Team of the Tournament

Sorry, but your contact preferences will take up to 24hrs to update

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At least one upper and lower case letter

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The official ICC app provides coverage across all of the current international action including fixtures, results, videos, ICC news, rankings and more.

Don't miss a moment and keep up with the latest from around the world of cricket!

The twelfth edition of the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup had some remarkably consistent performers over seven weeks.

Here are eleven of the best, making our star-studded team of the tournament, led by Kane Williamson, the New Zealand skipper

Ranked second in the MRF Tyres ICC ODI Batting Rankings, Rohit Sharma had a record-breaking World Cup, showing why he's one of the most feared batsman in limited-overs cricket.

The right-handed opener notched up a match-winning, unbeaten century in India's opening game against South Africa, and followed it with four more three-digit scores, including back to back ones against England, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Rohit's five centuries are now the most ever by a batsman in a single World Cup, beating Kumar Sangakkara's tally of four, which he made in successive games in 2015.

In the absence of his regular opening partner Shikhar Dhawan, who was ruled out due to thumb injury, Rohit led the Indian batting with 648 runs in nine innings - the highest in the tournament - and threatened to break Sachin Tendulkar's all-time World Cup record of 673 runs, which he achieved in the 2003 edition.

The England opener had a decisive impact on his team's result in a manner unlike anyone else in the tournament.

Roy instilled a much-needed sense of energy in his team, after they lost back-to-back games to Sri Lanka and Australia, when Roy was sidelined due to hamstring injury.

His impact was felt in England's must-win games, against India and New Zealand in the round-robin, and against Australia in the semi-final, as he stitched together three successive century stands with his opening partner Jonny Bairstow.

Having scored 443 runs from seven innings at an impressive strike-rate of 115.36, Roy forms a formidable opening partnership with Rohit Sharma in this XI.

CWC19: Jason Roy – The unstoppable opener

The bedrock of New Zealand's batting right through the tournament, Williamson was an immovable object at the crease and an astute captain, who impressed with his tactical nous.

The New Zealand captain completes the formidable top order in this XI, with his solidity and reliability, and also leads the team of the tournament.

Williamson scored 578 runs at an impressive average of 82.57 and emerged as the Player of the Tournament.

His ability to extract the best from his players and leading from the front makes him the perfect man to lead the World Cup XI.

CWC19: WI v NZ - Williamson's sublime 148

England's run machine over the years, Joe Root was the glue that held their famed batting together through the tournament.

The Yorkshire batsman finished as the fifth highest run-scorer of the tournament, with 556 runs from 11 innings.

Root's flawless technique and ability to keep the scoreboard moving by rotating the strike and finding the boundaries as and when required makes him a perfect No.4 in this line-up.

CWC19: ENG v WI - Highlights of Root's 100*

Bangladesh's torch-bearer in this World Cup, Shakib is an automatic entrant into the best XI.

Arguably the most valuable player of the 2019 World Cup, Shakib excelled both with bat and ball as he became the first cricketer to ever achieve the double of 500 runs and 10 wickets in a single edition of the tournament.

The top-ranked player in the MRF Tyres ICC All-rounder Rankings excelled as a No.3 batsman for Bangladesh, finishing with 606 runs at a staggering average of 86.57, but occupies the No.5 position in this side, given the quality of the top order.

CWC19: WI v BAN - Highlights of Shakib Al Hasan's 124*

The England all-rounder set the tournament on fire with his breathtaking catch to dismiss Andile Phehlukwayo in the opener against South Africa, after a match-defining innings of 89 earlier in the day.

Known for his grit and fighting spirit, Stokes stood tall during the tough times for England, scoring 82* and 89 after top-order failures against Sri Lanka and Australia.

He was at it again in the final, standing between New Zealand and the trophy, and eventually put in a match-defining performance, first in regulation time, and then in the Super Over.

Along with his skilful medium-pace bowling, Stokes brings great value to this team, as a second all-rounder, alongside Shakib.

CWC19: Eng v SA – Stokes defies logic to grab a stunner in the deep

The 2019 World Cup featured some of the finest wicket-keeper batsmen of this era in MS Dhoni and Jos Buttler, not to forget the promising Shai Hope and Mushfiqur Rahim.

Yet, it was Alex Carey, playing for the first time in the tournament, who grabbed eyeballs with his consistent performances.

With his team down at 92/5 against Trans Tasman rivals New Zealand, Carey backed his instincts, scoring a steady 72-ball 71 - an innings of immense skills and staggering fortitude.

He showed his fighting spirit in the semi-final clash against England as well, when he made a 70-ball 46 after being hit by a Jofra Archer bouncer that cut open his jaw early in his innings.

Carey finished the tournament with 375 runs from nine innings.

CWC19: NZ v AUS - Alex Carey batting highlights

Player of the Tournament in the previous edition, Mitchell Starc brought fierce pace and immaculate discipline to once again be his team's most lethal weapon with the ball.

Starc finished with 27 wickets from 10 matches - an all-time World Cup record, surpassing Glenn McGrath's tally of 26 wickets in the 2007 edition.

The tall-left arm pacer produced match-defining spells on a consistent basis and proved to be effective in every phase of the game.

Nissan POTD - Starc dismisses Stokes with an outstanding inswinging yorker

The Barbados-born pacer had an instant impact on the hosts' bowling line-up, with his aggressive brand of new-ball bowling.

A smooth and rhythmic run-up, natural pace, and immaculate discipline were the most striking characteristics of Archer's bowling.

Sharing the new ball with the experienced Chris Woakes and shouldering the responsibility of bowling tough overs at the death, Archer excelled on both fronts, finishing as the joint-third highest wicket-taker, with 20 scalps to his name.

CWC19: ENG v BAN - Jofra Archer's brutal 3/29

While New Zealand's new-ball combination of Trent Boult and Matt Henry launched salvos, Lockie Ferguson stood apart as their strike bowler.

With his raw pace and hard-hitting lengths, Ferguson troubled some of the top batsman in the World Cup, such as Faf du Plessis, David Warner and Steve Smith and finished with 21 wickets - the second highest in the tournament - from nine matches.

CWC19: NZ v SA - Ferguson bowls du Plessis with a brilliant yorker

Hailed by former New Zealand skipper Brendon McCullum as "the best all-format bowler" in world cricket, Bumrah personified precision, hitting consistent lines and lengths with the efficiency of a metronome.

The top-ranked bowler in MRF Tyres ICC ODI Rankings, Bumrah controlled one end, which often resulted in his partners reaping dividends at the other end.

Bumrah picked up 18 wickets in the tournament and became the second-fastest Indian bowler to complete 100 wickets in ODIs.

CWC19: How Jasprit Bumrah became one of the most feared fast bowlers in the world

Boult was impressive as ever with his pace and accuracy, especially with the trademark in-swinging yorker.

He was responsible for one of two hat-tricks in this year's tournament, snaring it at the hallowed turf at Lord's, against Australia, and took 17 scalps in all to finish second on New Zealand's wicket charts.

However, despite his spectacular performances through the tournament, New Zealand's pace spearhead finds himself as the 12th man in this world-beating team.

##### 'He's added a different dynamic' – Root excited by what Archer offers

##### 'Test format suits my game' – Rahkeem Cornwall chuffed at maiden call-up

##### 'I had that hunger' – Karunaratne cherishes tough hundred

##### Steve Smith hopes to play third Test, but quick turnaround is a hurdle

The ICC announced their team of the tournament on 15 July 2019.


Kane Williamson was named captain of the team.

(meta data) TITLE: CWC19: Team of the Tournament

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The twelfth edition of the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup had some remarkably consistent performers over seven weeks.

Here are eleven of the best, making our star-studded team of the tournament, led by Kane Williamson, the New Zealand skipper

Ranked second in the MRF Tyres ICC ODI Batting Rankings, Rohit Sharma had a record-breaking World Cup, showing why he's one of the most feared batsman in limited-overs cricket.

The right-handed opener notched up a match-winning, unbeaten century in India's opening game against South Africa, and followed it with four more three-digit scores, including back to back ones against England, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Rohit's five centuries are now the most ever by a batsman in a single World Cup, beating Kumar Sangakkara's tally of four, which he made in successive games in 2015.

In the absence of his regular opening partner Shikhar Dhawan, who was ruled out due to thumb injury, Rohit led the Indian batting with 648 runs in nine innings - the highest in the tournament - and threatened to break Sachin Tendulkar's all-time World Cup record of 673 runs, which he achieved in the 2003 edition.

The England opener had a decisive impact on his team's result in a manner unlike anyone else in the tournament.

Roy instilled a much-needed sense of energy in his team, after they lost back-to-back games to Sri Lanka and Australia, when Roy was sidelined due to hamstring injury.

His impact was felt in England's must-win games, against India and New Zealand in the round-robin, and against Australia in the semi-final, as he stitched together three successive century stands with his opening partner Jonny Bairstow.

Having scored 443 runs from seven innings at an impressive strike-rate of 115.36, Roy forms a formidable opening partnership with Rohit Sharma in this XI.

CWC19: Jason Roy – The unstoppable opener

The bedrock of New Zealand's batting right through the tournament, Williamson was an immovable object at the crease and an astute captain, who impressed with his tactical nous.

The New Zealand captain completes the formidable top order in this XI, with his solidity and reliability, and also leads the team of the tournament.

Williamson scored 578 runs at an impressive average of 82.57 and emerged as the Player of the Tournament.

His ability to extract the best from his players and leading from the front makes him the perfect man to lead the World Cup XI.

CWC19: WI v NZ - Williamson's sublime 148

England's run machine over the years, Joe Root was the glue that held their famed batting together through the tournament.

The Yorkshire batsman finished as the fifth highest run-scorer of the tournament, with 556 runs from 11 innings.

Root's flawless technique and ability to keep the scoreboard moving by rotating the strike and finding the boundaries as and when required makes him a perfect No.4 in this line-up.

CWC19: ENG v WI - Highlights of Root's 100*

Bangladesh's torch-bearer in this World Cup, Shakib is an automatic entrant into the best XI.

Arguably the most valuable player of the 2019 World Cup, Shakib excelled both with bat and ball as he became the first cricketer to ever achieve the double of 500 runs and 10 wickets in a single edition of the tournament.

The top-ranked player in the MRF Tyres ICC All-rounder Rankings excelled as a No.3 batsman for Bangladesh, finishing with 606 runs at a staggering average of 86.57, but occupies the No.5 position in this side, given the quality of the top order.

CWC19: WI v BAN - Highlights of Shakib Al Hasan's 124*

The England all-rounder set the tournament on fire with his breathtaking catch to dismiss Andile Phehlukwayo in the opener against South Africa, after a match-defining innings of 89 earlier in the day.

Known for his grit and fighting spirit, Stokes stood tall during the tough times for England, scoring 82* and 89 after top-order failures against Sri Lanka and Australia.

He was at it again in the final, standing between New Zealand and the trophy, and eventually put in a match-defining performance, first in regulation time, and then in the Super Over.

Along with his skilful medium-pace bowling, Stokes brings great value to this team, as a second all-rounder, alongside Shakib.

CWC19: Eng v SA – Stokes defies logic to grab a stunner in the deep

The 2019 World Cup featured some of the finest wicket-keeper batsmen of this era in MS Dhoni and Jos Buttler, not to forget the promising Shai Hope and Mushfiqur Rahim.

Yet, it was Alex Carey, playing for the first time in the tournament, who grabbed eyeballs with his consistent performances.

With his team down at 92/5 against Trans Tasman rivals New Zealand, Carey backed his instincts, scoring a steady 72-ball 71 - an innings of immense skills and staggering fortitude.

He showed his fighting spirit in the semi-final clash against England as well, when he made a 70-ball 46 after being hit by a Jofra Archer bouncer that cut open his jaw early in his innings.

Carey finished the tournament with 375 runs from nine innings.

CWC19: NZ v AUS - Alex Carey batting highlights

Player of the Tournament in the previous edition, Mitchell Starc brought fierce pace and immaculate discipline to once again be his team's most lethal weapon with the ball.

Starc finished with 27 wickets from 10 matches - an all-time World Cup record, surpassing Glenn McGrath's tally of 26 wickets in the 2007 edition.

The tall-left arm pacer produced match-defining spells on a consistent basis and proved to be effective in every phase of the game.

Nissan POTD - Starc dismisses Stokes with an outstanding inswinging yorker

The Barbados-born pacer had an instant impact on the hosts' bowling line-up, with his aggressive brand of new-ball bowling.

A smooth and rhythmic run-up, natural pace, and immaculate discipline were the most striking characteristics of Archer's bowling.

Sharing the new ball with the experienced Chris Woakes and shouldering the responsibility of bowling tough overs at the death, Archer excelled on both fronts, finishing as the joint-third highest wicket-taker, with 20 scalps to his name.

CWC19: ENG v BAN - Jofra Archer's brutal 3/29

While New Zealand's new-ball combination of Trent Boult and Matt Henry launched salvos, Lockie Ferguson stood apart as their strike bowler.

With his raw pace and hard-hitting lengths, Ferguson troubled some of the top batsman in the World Cup, such as Faf du Plessis, David Warner and Steve Smith and finished with 21 wickets - the second highest in the tournament - from nine matches.

CWC19: NZ v SA - Ferguson bowls du Plessis with a brilliant yorker

Hailed by former New Zealand skipper Brendon McCullum as "the best all-format bowler" in world cricket, Bumrah personified precision, hitting consistent lines and lengths with the efficiency of a metronome.

The top-ranked bowler in MRF Tyres ICC ODI Rankings, Bumrah controlled one end, which often resulted in his partners reaping dividends at the other end.

Bumrah picked up 18 wickets in the tournament and became the second-fastest Indian bowler to complete 100 wickets in ODIs.

CWC19: How Jasprit Bumrah became one of the most feared fast bowlers in the world

Boult was impressive as ever with his pace and accuracy, especially with the trademark in-swinging yorker.

He was responsible for one of two hat-tricks in this year's tournament, snaring it at the hallowed turf at Lord's, against Australia, and took 17 scalps in all to finish second on New Zealand's wicket charts.

However, despite his spectacular performances through the tournament, New Zealand's pace spearhead finds himself as the 12th man in this world-beating team.

##### 'He's added a different dynamic' – Root excited by what Archer offers

##### 'Test format suits my game' – Rahkeem Cornwall chuffed at maiden call-up

##### 'I had that hunger' – Karunaratne cherishes tough hundred

##### Steve Smith hopes to play third Test, but quick turnaround is a hurdle

The ICC announced their team of the tournament on 15 July 2019. Kane Williamson was named as player of the tournament.


One of the main focuses of the project was to improve the underground storm drain system.

(meta data) TITLE: Dale Hodges Park — O2 Planning + Design

Client The City of Calgary Location Calgary | Alberta | Canada

The riparian, floodplain and upland ecosystems of the Bow River Valley are among the most important natural features in Calgary.

The City of Calgary's acquisition of the former Klippert gravel pit, located along the northern bank of the Bow River and now within Bowmont Park (renamed Dale Hodges Park), presented an outstanding opportunity restore native riparian habitats and bring people back to the river through recreation and park amenities.

An additional primary focus was the treatment of stormwater prior to entering into the river.

A team comprised of O2, Source 2 Source Inc., Sans Facon for Watershed+ and AECOM worked collaboratively to transform the site.

Structured around a series of designed aquatic and upland habitats, the flow of water within the park begins in the upstream residential communities where runoff travels through pipes before daylighting in the park.

The aquatic journey within the park expresses the integration of water engineering, public art, landscape architecture and ecological design.

The forms of the water structures and landforms are inspired by natural river morphology as well as hydrologic and sedimentation processes.

O2 and S2S sculpted polishing marshes and wet meadows, their forms inspired by anabranches or river scrolls.

The scrolling forms in the landscape enhance filtration, create diverse habitats, and provide more depth to store water when necessary.

The network of pathways and boardwalks mimic and contrast these forms: visitors can read the river's story over time.

The final outflow stream discharges to an important trout habitat area, designed to serve as refuge during river flood conditions.

The project has received numerous local and national awards for its innovative approaches to integrating stormwater management, public art, and public spaces along the banks of a dynamic river.

Photographs courtesy of Wilco Southwest.

A City of Calgary press release described the Park as a "one-of-a-kind", "beautiful stormwater treatment facility" that filters and treats stormwater through a combination of natural and man-made processes.


The underground storm drain system was of stormwater collected from eight northwest communities.

A City of Calgary press release described the Park as a "one-of-a-kind", "beautiful stormwater treatment facility" that filters and treats stormwater through a combination of natural and man-made processes. One of the main focuses of the project was to improve the underground storm drain system.


The stormwater was collected from Silver Springs and Varsity.

A City of Calgary press release described the Park as a "one-of-a-kind", "beautiful stormwater treatment facility" that filters and treats stormwater through a combination of natural and man-made processes. One of the main focuses of the project was to improve the underground storm drain system. The underground storm drain system was of stormwater collected from eight northwest communities.


According to the CDC, rapid diagnostic tests have a sensitivity of 50–75% when compared with viral culture.

(meta data) TITLE: Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza: Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

| Health Professionals | Seasonal Influenza (Flu)

Starting in 1996, Alexa Internet has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive.

Flowing in every day, these data are added to the Wayback Machine after an embargo period.

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20160116154455/http://www.cdc.gov:80/flu/professionals/diagnosis/rapidlab.htm

# Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza: Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Influenza Table 1: Influenza Virus Testing Methods Table 2: Characteristics of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests

The availability and use of influenza rapid diagnostic tests by laboratories and clinics have substantially increased in recent years.

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are screening tests for influenza virus infection.

They can provide results within 30 minutes.

More than 10 RIDTs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (see Influenza Diagnostic Table).

Some rapid influenza diagnostic tests utilize an analyzer reader device to standardize result interpretation.

One RIDT that uses an analyzer device is an immunoassay

One rapid immunofluorescence assay uses an analyzer device

RIDTs differ in some important respects:

Some can identify influenza A and B viruses and distinguish between them in respiratory specimens.

Some can identify influenza A and B viruses but cannot distinguish between them in respiratory specimens.

Some tests are waived from requirements under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA).

Most tests can be used with a variety of respiratory specimen types (see Influenza Diagnostic Table), but the accuracy of the tests can vary based on the type of specimen collected (for example throat swab versus nasal swab).

FDA approval is based upon specific specimen types.

RIDTs vary in terms of sensitivity and specificity when compared with viral culture or RT-PCR.

Product insert information and research publications indicate that:

Specimens to be used with RIDTs generally should be collected as close as is possible to the start of symptoms (e.g., less than 4 days after illness onset).

In very young children, influenza viruses can be shed for longer periods; therefore, in some instances, testing for a few days after this period may still detect influenza viruses.

Immunosuppressed persons may have detectable influenza viruses in respiratory specimens for prolonged periods (weeks to months).

##### Predictive Value Depends Upon Prevalence

The positive and negative predictive values vary considerably depending upon the prevalence of influenza (level of influenza activity) in the patient population being tested.

False-positive (and true-negative) influenza test results are more likely to occur when disease prevalence is low, which is generally at the beginning and end of the influenza season.

False-negative (and true-positive) influenza test results are more likely to occur when disease prevalence is high, which is typically at the height of the influenza season.

##### Clinical Considerations of Testing When Influenza Prevalence is Low

When influenza prevalence is relatively low, the positive predictive value (PPV) is low and false-positive test results are more likely.

By contrast, when influenza prevalence is low, the negative predictive value (NPV) is high, and negative results are more likely to be true.

The false pos. rate is the number of false positives/number of total positives, or 1-PPV.

The interpretation of positive results should take into account the clinical characteristics of the case and the prevalence of influenza in the patient population being tested (e.g., level of influenza activity in the community).

If an important clinical decision is affected by the test result, the rapid test result should be confirmed by another test, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

##### Clinical Considerations of Testing When Influenza Prevalence Is High

When influenza prevalence is relatively high, the NPV is low and false-negative test results are more likely.

When influenza prevalence is high, the PPV is high and positive results are more likely to be true.

The false neg. rate is the number of false negatives/number of total positives, or 1-NPV.

The interpretation of negative results should take into account the clinical characteristics of the patient and the prevalence of influenza in the patient population being tested (e.g., level of influenza activity in the community).

If an important clinical decision is affected by the test result and influenza is still suspected, then the rapid test result should be confirmed by another test, such as RT-PCR.

Many factors should be considered when selecting a test, including the following:

Tests with high sensitivity and specificity will provide higher positive and negative predictive values.

Types of specimens that provide the most accurate results.

Information about these characteristics can be found in product inserts and scientific articles, and by contacting the manufacturers.

##### Changes in Recommended Procedures Can Affect Test Results

Modification by the user can affect test performances and increase false-positive and/or false-negative rates.

Using specimens for which the test is not optimized

Using swabs that did not come with the rapid test kits [unless recommended (see package insert for specific instructions)].

##### When Is Use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Beneficial?

Testing during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease can determine if influenza is the cause.

During influenza season, testing of selected patients presenting with acute respiratory illnesses compatible with influenza can help establish whether influenza is present in a specific patient population and help health-care providers determine how to use their clinical judgment for diagnosing and treating respiratory illness.

(Testing need not be done for all patients.)

Otherwise, RIDTs do not address the public health need for influenza virus isolates that can only be obtained through the collection of specimens for viral culture.

Influenza virus isolates are essential for determining the match between circulating influenza virus strains and those virus strains contained in the vaccine and for aiding in the selection of new vaccine strains.

##### Table 1: Influenza Virus Testing Methods

Viral tissue cell culture (conventional; yields live virus)

NP4 swab, throat swab, NP2 or bronchial wash, nasal or endotracheal aspirate, sputum

Rapid cell culture (shell vials; cell mixtures; yields live virus)

Immunofluorescence, Direct (DFA) or Indirect (IFA) Florescent Antibody Staining [antigen detection]

NP4 swab or wash, bronchial wash, nasal or endotracheal aspirate

RT-PCR5 (singleplex and multiplex; real-time and other RNA-based) and other molecular assays [influenza viral RNA or nucleic acid detection]

Rapid Molecular Assay [influenza viral RNA or nucleic acid detection]

Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests6 (antigen detection)

NP4 swab, (throat swab), nasal wash, nasal aspirate

Serologic (antibody detection) testing is not recommended for routine patient diagnosis.

Ref: Leland, et al. 2007, Clin Micro Rev 20: 49-78.

Approved respiratory specimens vary among FDA cleared influenza assays.

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, including FDA-approved test systems, reference laboratory testing using ASR or lab-developed reagents

Chromatographic- and/or fluorescence-based lateral flow and membrane-based immunoassays

Rapid molecular assays can provide results in less than 30 minutes.

Alere i Influenza A&B was FDA cleared for use with both nasal swabs (direct) and NP or nasal swabs in VTM.

It was CLIA-waived for use with nasal swabs (direct) only.

Roche Cobas Influenza A/B was cleared and CLIA-waived by FDA for use with nasopharyngeal swabs only.

##### Table 2: Characteristics of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (Antigen Detection Only)1

BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of Flu A+B4 (CLIA-waived),

BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of Flu A+B4 (Moderately Complex), (Becton Dickinson & Co.)

LifeSign LLC Status Flu A&B (Princeton BioMedtech Corp.)

ClearView Exact II Influenza A&B Test or

Print-friendly Version PDF [214 KB, 3 pages]

List may not include all test kits approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Approved respiratory specimens according to manufacturer's package insert.

Note that test performance may vary if other respiratory specimens are used.

Distinguishes between influenza A and B virus infections.

Does not distinguish between influenza A and B virus infections when used alone.

Disclaimer: Use of trade names or commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health and Human Services.

How do I view different file formats (PDF, DOC, PPT, MPEG) on this site?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Signs and symptoms.:Symptoms of influenza.

It can be difficult to distinguish between the common cold and influenza in the early stages of these infections. Influenza symptoms are a mixture of symptoms of common cold and pneumonia, body ache, headache, and fatigue. Diarrhea is not usually a symptom of influenza in adults, although it has been seen in some human cases of the H5N1 "bird flu" and can be a symptom in children. The symptoms most reliably seen in influenza are shown in the adjacent table.
 The specific combination of fever and cough has been found to be the best predictor; diagnostic accuracy increases with a body temperature above 38°C (100.4°F). Two decision analysis studies suggest that "during local outbreaks" of influenza, the prevalence will be over 70%. Even in the absence of a local outbreak, diagnosis may be justified in the elderly during the influenza season as long as the prevalence is over 15%.
 The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains an up-to-date summary of available laboratory tests.


According to the CDC, rapid diagnostic tests have a specificity of 90–95% when compared with viral culture.

(meta data) TITLE: Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza: Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

| Health Professionals | Seasonal Influenza (Flu)

Starting in 1996, Alexa Internet has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive.

Flowing in every day, these data are added to the Wayback Machine after an embargo period.

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20160116154455/http://www.cdc.gov:80/flu/professionals/diagnosis/rapidlab.htm

# Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza: Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Influenza Table 1: Influenza Virus Testing Methods Table 2: Characteristics of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests

The availability and use of influenza rapid diagnostic tests by laboratories and clinics have substantially increased in recent years.

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are screening tests for influenza virus infection.

They can provide results within 30 minutes.

More than 10 RIDTs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (see Influenza Diagnostic Table).

Some rapid influenza diagnostic tests utilize an analyzer reader device to standardize result interpretation.

One RIDT that uses an analyzer device is an immunoassay

One rapid immunofluorescence assay uses an analyzer device

RIDTs differ in some important respects:

Some can identify influenza A and B viruses and distinguish between them in respiratory specimens.

Some can identify influenza A and B viruses but cannot distinguish between them in respiratory specimens.

Some tests are waived from requirements under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA).

Most tests can be used with a variety of respiratory specimen types (see Influenza Diagnostic Table), but the accuracy of the tests can vary based on the type of specimen collected (for example throat swab versus nasal swab).

FDA approval is based upon specific specimen types.

RIDTs vary in terms of sensitivity and specificity when compared with viral culture or RT-PCR.

Product insert information and research publications indicate that:

Specimens to be used with RIDTs generally should be collected as close as is possible to the start of symptoms (e.g., less than 4 days after illness onset).

In very young children, influenza viruses can be shed for longer periods; therefore, in some instances, testing for a few days after this period may still detect influenza viruses.

Immunosuppressed persons may have detectable influenza viruses in respiratory specimens for prolonged periods (weeks to months).

##### Predictive Value Depends Upon Prevalence

The positive and negative predictive values vary considerably depending upon the prevalence of influenza (level of influenza activity) in the patient population being tested.

False-positive (and true-negative) influenza test results are more likely to occur when disease prevalence is low, which is generally at the beginning and end of the influenza season.

False-negative (and true-positive) influenza test results are more likely to occur when disease prevalence is high, which is typically at the height of the influenza season.

##### Clinical Considerations of Testing When Influenza Prevalence is Low

When influenza prevalence is relatively low, the positive predictive value (PPV) is low and false-positive test results are more likely.

By contrast, when influenza prevalence is low, the negative predictive value (NPV) is high, and negative results are more likely to be true.

The false pos. rate is the number of false positives/number of total positives, or 1-PPV.

The interpretation of positive results should take into account the clinical characteristics of the case and the prevalence of influenza in the patient population being tested (e.g., level of influenza activity in the community).

If an important clinical decision is affected by the test result, the rapid test result should be confirmed by another test, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

##### Clinical Considerations of Testing When Influenza Prevalence Is High

When influenza prevalence is relatively high, the NPV is low and false-negative test results are more likely.

When influenza prevalence is high, the PPV is high and positive results are more likely to be true.

The false neg. rate is the number of false negatives/number of total positives, or 1-NPV.

The interpretation of negative results should take into account the clinical characteristics of the patient and the prevalence of influenza in the patient population being tested (e.g., level of influenza activity in the community).

If an important clinical decision is affected by the test result and influenza is still suspected, then the rapid test result should be confirmed by another test, such as RT-PCR.

Many factors should be considered when selecting a test, including the following:

Tests with high sensitivity and specificity will provide higher positive and negative predictive values.

Types of specimens that provide the most accurate results.

Information about these characteristics can be found in product inserts and scientific articles, and by contacting the manufacturers.

##### Changes in Recommended Procedures Can Affect Test Results

Modification by the user can affect test performances and increase false-positive and/or false-negative rates.

Using specimens for which the test is not optimized

Using swabs that did not come with the rapid test kits [unless recommended (see package insert for specific instructions)].

##### When Is Use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Beneficial?

Testing during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease can determine if influenza is the cause.

During influenza season, testing of selected patients presenting with acute respiratory illnesses compatible with influenza can help establish whether influenza is present in a specific patient population and help health-care providers determine how to use their clinical judgment for diagnosing and treating respiratory illness.

(Testing need not be done for all patients.)

Otherwise, RIDTs do not address the public health need for influenza virus isolates that can only be obtained through the collection of specimens for viral culture.

Influenza virus isolates are essential for determining the match between circulating influenza virus strains and those virus strains contained in the vaccine and for aiding in the selection of new vaccine strains.

##### Table 1: Influenza Virus Testing Methods

Viral tissue cell culture (conventional; yields live virus)

NP4 swab, throat swab, NP2 or bronchial wash, nasal or endotracheal aspirate, sputum

Rapid cell culture (shell vials; cell mixtures; yields live virus)

Immunofluorescence, Direct (DFA) or Indirect (IFA) Florescent Antibody Staining [antigen detection]

NP4 swab or wash, bronchial wash, nasal or endotracheal aspirate

RT-PCR5 (singleplex and multiplex; real-time and other RNA-based) and other molecular assays [influenza viral RNA or nucleic acid detection]

Rapid Molecular Assay [influenza viral RNA or nucleic acid detection]

Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests6 (antigen detection)

NP4 swab, (throat swab), nasal wash, nasal aspirate

Serologic (antibody detection) testing is not recommended for routine patient diagnosis.

Ref: Leland, et al. 2007, Clin Micro Rev 20: 49-78.

Approved respiratory specimens vary among FDA cleared influenza assays.

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, including FDA-approved test systems, reference laboratory testing using ASR or lab-developed reagents

Chromatographic- and/or fluorescence-based lateral flow and membrane-based immunoassays

Rapid molecular assays can provide results in less than 30 minutes.

Alere i Influenza A&B was FDA cleared for use with both nasal swabs (direct) and NP or nasal swabs in VTM.

It was CLIA-waived for use with nasal swabs (direct) only.

Roche Cobas Influenza A/B was cleared and CLIA-waived by FDA for use with nasopharyngeal swabs only.

##### Table 2: Characteristics of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (Antigen Detection Only)1

BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of Flu A+B4 (CLIA-waived),

BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of Flu A+B4 (Moderately Complex), (Becton Dickinson & Co.)

LifeSign LLC Status Flu A&B (Princeton BioMedtech Corp.)

ClearView Exact II Influenza A&B Test or

Print-friendly Version PDF [214 KB, 3 pages]

List may not include all test kits approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Approved respiratory specimens according to manufacturer's package insert.

Note that test performance may vary if other respiratory specimens are used.

Distinguishes between influenza A and B virus infections.

Does not distinguish between influenza A and B virus infections when used alone.

Disclaimer: Use of trade names or commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health and Human Services.

How do I view different file formats (PDF, DOC, PPT, MPEG) on this site?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

It can be difficult to distinguish between the common cold and influenza in the early stages of these infections. Influenza symptoms are a mixture of symptoms of common cold and pneumonia, body ache, headache, and fatigue. Diarrhea is not usually a symptom of influenza in adults, although it has been seen in some human cases of the H5N1 "bird flu" and can be a symptom in children. The symptoms most reliably seen in influenza are shown in the adjacent table.
 The specific combination of fever and cough has been found to be the best predictor; diagnostic accuracy increases with a body temperature above 38°C (100.4°F). Two decision analysis studies suggest that "during local outbreaks" of influenza, the prevalence will be over 70%. Even in the absence of a local outbreak, diagnosis may be justified in the elderly during the influenza season as long as the prevalence is over 15%.
 The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains an up-to-date summary of available laboratory tests. According to the CDC, rapid diagnostic tests have a sensitivity of 50–75% when compared with viral culture.


The school's original Anglo Saxon motto is "Nyle ye drede".

(meta data) TITLE: Girls' Schools Association | Sydenham High School GDST - Girls' Schools Association

Find out about upcoming open day events here

Sydenham High School, GDST, is an independent day school for girls aged 4-18 years.

Founded in 1887, by the Girls' Public Day School Trust, we pride ourselves on enriching young minds in a way that will endure a lifetime.

The Senior School at Sydenham High School is particularly distinctive and the girls and the staff are immensely proud of their school.

Everyone remarks on the warm, friendly, and ambitious feel to the Senior School and the genuine sense of community and belonging.

The school's original Anglo Saxon motto, 'Nyle ye Drede', means 'Fear nothing' and underpins all that we do.

Sydenham High is selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging talents and backgrounds into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that no girl is overlooked.

As a high achieving school, we strive to ensure that every girl reaches, or exceeds, her potential by offering exceptional learning opportunities which harness individual strengths.

Girls at Sydenham High are not just academically successful; they are ambitious, open-minded and possess the necessary self-belief to outstrip all expectations.

They are also well rounded, happy, down to earth, and much more besides.

Above all, our school is simply bursting with warmth, creativity, talent and, excellence in all that we do.

Our declared aim is for every student to reach her fullest potential.

We are selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging backgrounds and abilities into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that every student is valued.

We develop girls' intellects, fire their imaginations and challenge their talents.

In particular, Our Aspire (Year 7 & 8) and Stretch (Year 12) programmes aim to provide experiences for students to stretch and challenge themselves and develop skills beyond the classroom.

The structure of the GDST also provides opportunities for girls to meet, learn and compete with their peers across the Trust's 25 schools and academies.

We have an excellent reputation for helping bright girls with mild specific learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, to thrive in an academically selective school.

There is a dedicated unit staffed by specialists who provide support to both girls and their parents throughout their school career.

Every girl is assessed and has a personalised learning approach that she, her parents and her teachers understand.

Our approach is always to teach girls the coping strategies that will enable them to overcome their specific barriers to learning.

Girls learn in the same lessons as other students but may drop Latin in Year 8 to take communications skills lessons.

Scholarships awarded at age 11: academic plus one each for music, drama, art and sports.

Means-tested bursaries for talented pupils at year 7 and 12 who would not otherwise be able to attend the school.

School TypePre-Prep, Prep, Junior, Senior, Sixth Form

Exams 16+A Levels, Extended Project Qualification (EPQ)

Prep School: £4,387 per term or £13,161 annually

Senior School: £5,579 per term or £16,737 annually

Sydenham High School15 & 19 Westwood HillSydenhamLondonSE26 6BL

Sydenham High School is an independent school for 4- to 18-year-old girls located in London, England. Sydenham High School was founded by the Girls’ Public Day School Trust in 1887.   Since then, the original school of 20 pupils has been transformed into a school of 600 girls. The school is separated into the senior and junior schools, each with a separate site located close to one another on Westwood Hill, Sydenham.
 In April 1934, the school moved to Horner Grange, a former house built for diamond magnate William Knight in 1884, where he lived until his death in 1900. The premises subsequently became a hotel before the school bought the freehold. It was damaged by fire in 1997, but the building was restored.


The school's motto means "fear nothing".

(meta data) TITLE: Girls' Schools Association | Sydenham High School GDST - Girls' Schools Association

Find out about upcoming open day events here

Sydenham High School, GDST, is an independent day school for girls aged 4-18 years.

Founded in 1887, by the Girls' Public Day School Trust, we pride ourselves on enriching young minds in a way that will endure a lifetime.

The Senior School at Sydenham High School is particularly distinctive and the girls and the staff are immensely proud of their school.

Everyone remarks on the warm, friendly, and ambitious feel to the Senior School and the genuine sense of community and belonging.

The school's original Anglo Saxon motto, 'Nyle ye Drede', means 'Fear nothing' and underpins all that we do.

Sydenham High is selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging talents and backgrounds into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that no girl is overlooked.

As a high achieving school, we strive to ensure that every girl reaches, or exceeds, her potential by offering exceptional learning opportunities which harness individual strengths.

Girls at Sydenham High are not just academically successful; they are ambitious, open-minded and possess the necessary self-belief to outstrip all expectations.

They are also well rounded, happy, down to earth, and much more besides.

Above all, our school is simply bursting with warmth, creativity, talent and, excellence in all that we do.

Our declared aim is for every student to reach her fullest potential.

We are selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging backgrounds and abilities into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that every student is valued.

We develop girls' intellects, fire their imaginations and challenge their talents.

In particular, Our Aspire (Year 7 & 8) and Stretch (Year 12) programmes aim to provide experiences for students to stretch and challenge themselves and develop skills beyond the classroom.

The structure of the GDST also provides opportunities for girls to meet, learn and compete with their peers across the Trust's 25 schools and academies.

We have an excellent reputation for helping bright girls with mild specific learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, to thrive in an academically selective school.

There is a dedicated unit staffed by specialists who provide support to both girls and their parents throughout their school career.

Every girl is assessed and has a personalised learning approach that she, her parents and her teachers understand.

Our approach is always to teach girls the coping strategies that will enable them to overcome their specific barriers to learning.

Girls learn in the same lessons as other students but may drop Latin in Year 8 to take communications skills lessons.

Scholarships awarded at age 11: academic plus one each for music, drama, art and sports.

Means-tested bursaries for talented pupils at year 7 and 12 who would not otherwise be able to attend the school.

School TypePre-Prep, Prep, Junior, Senior, Sixth Form

Exams 16+A Levels, Extended Project Qualification (EPQ)

Prep School: £4,387 per term or £13,161 annually

Senior School: £5,579 per term or £16,737 annually

Sydenham High School15 & 19 Westwood HillSydenhamLondonSE26 6BL

Sydenham High School is an independent school for 4- to 18-year-old girls located in London, England. Sydenham High School was founded by the Girls’ Public Day School Trust in 1887.   Since then, the original school of 20 pupils has been transformed into a school of 600 girls. The school is separated into the senior and junior schools, each with a separate site located close to one another on Westwood Hill, Sydenham.
 In April 1934, the school moved to Horner Grange, a former house built for diamond magnate William Knight in 1884, where he lived until his death in 1900. The premises subsequently became a hotel before the school bought the freehold. It was damaged by fire in 1997, but the building was restored.
 The school's original Anglo Saxon motto is "Nyle ye drede".


The school has adopted the motto as a whole.

(meta data) TITLE: Girls' Schools Association | Sydenham High School GDST - Girls' Schools Association

Find out about upcoming open day events here

Sydenham High School, GDST, is an independent day school for girls aged 4-18 years.

Founded in 1887, by the Girls' Public Day School Trust, we pride ourselves on enriching young minds in a way that will endure a lifetime.

The Senior School at Sydenham High School is particularly distinctive and the girls and the staff are immensely proud of their school.

Everyone remarks on the warm, friendly, and ambitious feel to the Senior School and the genuine sense of community and belonging.

The school's original Anglo Saxon motto, 'Nyle ye Drede', means 'Fear nothing' and underpins all that we do.

Sydenham High is selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging talents and backgrounds into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that no girl is overlooked.

As a high achieving school, we strive to ensure that every girl reaches, or exceeds, her potential by offering exceptional learning opportunities which harness individual strengths.

Girls at Sydenham High are not just academically successful; they are ambitious, open-minded and possess the necessary self-belief to outstrip all expectations.

They are also well rounded, happy, down to earth, and much more besides.

Above all, our school is simply bursting with warmth, creativity, talent and, excellence in all that we do.

Our declared aim is for every student to reach her fullest potential.

We are selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging backgrounds and abilities into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that every student is valued.

We develop girls' intellects, fire their imaginations and challenge their talents.

In particular, Our Aspire (Year 7 & 8) and Stretch (Year 12) programmes aim to provide experiences for students to stretch and challenge themselves and develop skills beyond the classroom.

The structure of the GDST also provides opportunities for girls to meet, learn and compete with their peers across the Trust's 25 schools and academies.

We have an excellent reputation for helping bright girls with mild specific learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, to thrive in an academically selective school.

There is a dedicated unit staffed by specialists who provide support to both girls and their parents throughout their school career.

Every girl is assessed and has a personalised learning approach that she, her parents and her teachers understand.

Our approach is always to teach girls the coping strategies that will enable them to overcome their specific barriers to learning.

Girls learn in the same lessons as other students but may drop Latin in Year 8 to take communications skills lessons.

Scholarships awarded at age 11: academic plus one each for music, drama, art and sports.

Means-tested bursaries for talented pupils at year 7 and 12 who would not otherwise be able to attend the school.

School TypePre-Prep, Prep, Junior, Senior, Sixth Form

Exams 16+A Levels, Extended Project Qualification (EPQ)

Prep School: £4,387 per term or £13,161 annually

Senior School: £5,579 per term or £16,737 annually

Sydenham High School15 & 19 Westwood HillSydenhamLondonSE26 6BL

Sydenham High School is an independent school for 4- to 18-year-old girls located in London, England. Sydenham High School was founded by the Girls’ Public Day School Trust in 1887.   Since then, the original school of 20 pupils has been transformed into a school of 600 girls. The school is separated into the senior and junior schools, each with a separate site located close to one another on Westwood Hill, Sydenham.
 In April 1934, the school moved to Horner Grange, a former house built for diamond magnate William Knight in 1884, where he lived until his death in 1900. The premises subsequently became a hotel before the school bought the freehold. It was damaged by fire in 1997, but the building was restored.
 The school's original Anglo Saxon motto is "Nyle ye drede". The school's motto means "fear nothing".


In 1943, Sir John gave the house and grounds to the National Trust.

(meta data) TITLE: Introducing the Dashwood Baronets | National Trust

Portrait of Sir Francis Dashwood on display at West Wycombe Park

A baronet is the holder of a hereditary baronetcy awarded by the British Crown.

A baronetcy is the only hereditary honour which is not a peerage.

A baronet is styled "Sir" like a knight, but ranks above all knighthoods except for the Order of the Garter (and the Order of the Thistle in Scotland).

Baron and baronet are both titles of nobility, but they are different.

The rank of baron is the lowest in the peerage.

The term baronet has medieval origins and Edward III is known to have created eight English baronets in 1328.

However, as a result of the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, all future baronetcies were styled as baronets of Great Britain.

The first of these baronets was Sir Francis Dashwood, a merchant and an Alderman of London.

He was the son of Francis Dashwood, an alderman of the City of London, and Alice Sleigh.

Francis was a successful London merchant importing silk and other luxury goods through the East India Company.

He was knighted in 1702 and became the sole owner of the West Wycombe Estate in 1706 when he bought out his brother's half share in the estate.

Sir Francis was MP for Winchelsea between 1708 and 1712.

He died on 4 November 1724 at Hanover Square in London.

Sir Francis was born in December 1708 at Westminster.

He was the son of Sir Francis, 1st Bt. and his second wife, Lady Mary Fane.

Only 16 when he inherited his father's estate, Sir Francis was sent on a Grand Tour of Europe which aroused in him a passion for classical Italian art and architecture (as well as an appetite for high living and extreme devotional practices of the Roman church).

Sir Francis co-founded the Dilettanti Society with the aim of promoting knowledge and understanding of classical art and taste in England.

Sir Francis championed many of the society's activities which led to shaping the vision of his famous development of West Wycombe Park in the neo-classical style.

He married Sarah Ellys, a wealthy widow, and Sarah's money funded many of Sir Francis' developments at the park.

Sir Francis was MP for New Romney and Weymouth and he was named Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Bute ministry of 1762.

In that year he entered the House of Lords as Lord Le Despencer and subsequently proved himself an excellent joint-Postmaster General – a post he held from 1766 until his death.

At that time, Benjamin Franklin held a similar position in the Colonies.

He became a close friend of Sir Francis and was a frequent visitor to West Wycombe.

Maybe as an escape from his political duties, Sir Francis found an outlet with the formation of the Hell-Fire Club (more properly known as the 'Monks of Medmenham').

The society took the form of a mock religious order, the activities of which have been very much exaggerated but elaborate mock religious ceremonial, drinking and free love may well have played some part in their meetings.

Sir Francis died on 11 December 1781, with no legitimate heir.

## Sir John Dashwood-King, Third Baronet

He was the son of Sir Francis, 1st Bt. and his third wife, Lady Mary King.

Sir John was baptised with the name of John Dashwood but in 1742 his name was legally changed to John Dashwood-King by Act of Parliament.

He graduated in 1753 with a Bachelor of Civil Law and was MP for Bishop's Castle between 1753 and 1756.

In 1761 he married Sarah Moore a descendant of John Milton – the source of several Milton relics at West Wycombe Park – and they had three children.

Sir John succeeded to the title of 3rd Baronet on 11 December 1781 but was over 60 when he inherited and he actually spent very little time at West Wycombe.

Sir John was born in 1765 the son of Sir John, 3rd Bt. and Sarah Moore.

He married Mary Anne Broadhead on 29 August 1789 and they had five sons and two daughters.

He succeeded to the title of 4th Baronet on 6 December 1793 and was MP for Wycombe between 1796 and 1831.

Sir John, 4th Bt. is chiefly remembered as a keen huntsman and on his inheritance he established a pack of hounds at West Wycombe Park.

Rumours of his wife's affair with the Prince of Wales led to an unhappy marriage and he died alone in 1849 in lodgings in Baker Street, London.

## Sir George Henry Dashwood, Fifth Baronet

He was the son of Sir John, 4th Bt. and Mary Anne Broadhead.

Unlike his father, Sir George loved West Wycombe into which he moved after his marriage to his cousin Elizabeth Broadhead in 1823.

Sir George held the office of MP for Buckinghamshire between 1832 and 1835 and MP for Wycombe from 1837 to 1862.

He succeeded to the title of 5th Baronet on 22 October 1849 and shortly after embarked on a campaign of refurbishment of West Wycombe which had scarcely been touched since the death of Sir Francis, 2nd Bt.

Sir George died in 1862 without issue, leaving his widow with a life tenancy on the house.

She was to live at West Wycombe for a further 27 years.

## Sir John Richard Dashwood, Sixth Baronet

Sir John was born in 1792 and was the younger brother of Sir George, 5th Bt. but he never actually lived at West Wycombe and he died in 1863, the year after he inherited the title of 6th Baronet.

## Sir Edwin Hare Dashwood, Seventh Baronet

Sir Edwin was born in 1825 and was the nephew of Sir George, 5th Bt.

He emigrated to New Zealand in 1848 and in 1852 married Roberta Henrietta Abercomby.

He inherited as 7th Baronet in 1863 but was unable to move into West Wycombe house as it was still occupied by the Dowager Lady Elizabeth.

## Sir Edwin Abercromby Dashwood, Eighth Baronet

He was the son of Sir Edwin, 7th Bt. and Roberta Abercomby.

He succeeded to the title of the 8th Baronet on 8 May 1882.

He married Florence Norton on 24 August 1889 and they had one child, Florence Emily Dashwood.

Sir Edwin lived in New Zealand until the death of the Dowager LadyDashwood in 1889.

On moving to West Wycombe he found the estate in a very parlous state and to pay Lady Dashwood's executors Sir Edwin mortgaged the estate but he died suddenly, shortly afterward, in 1893.

## Sir Robert John Dashwood, Ninth Baronet

He married Clara Adelaide Ida Conyers Lindsay on 25 July 1893 and succeeded to the title of 9th Baronet on 7 April 1893.

He held the offices of Member of the Buckinghamshire County Council and Justice of the Peace for Buckinghamshire.

Sir Robert was the younger brother of Sir Edwin, 8th Bt.

He continually struggled with the mortgage, debts and court cases emanating from the Dowage Lady Dashwood's legacy and died suddenly, like his brother, in 1908 aged 49.

## Sir John Lindsay Dashwood, Tenth Baronet

He was the son of Sir Robert, 9th Bt. and Clara Lindsay.

He was educate at Wellington College and Magdalen College, Oxford.

Sir John succeeded to the title of 10th Baronet when he was just 13.

He fought in the First World War and gained the rank of Acting Major in the Tank Corps and Flight Lieutenant in the No. 902 (Middlesex) Balloon Squadron, Auxiliary Air Force.

Sir John Lindsay Dashwood, Tenth Baronet

In 1919 Sir John returned from the war to a very much neglected West Wycombe which continued to be crippled by the 8th Baronet's mortgage and debts.

He decided to sell the estate but the sale was cancelled though much of the contents of the house were sold.

Sir John married Helen Moira Eaton on 20 December 1922 and it was largely due to her determination that the house was kept and made habitable.

In 1929, Sir John sold the entire village of West Wycombe to the Royal Society of Arts which handed it over to the National Trust in 1934.

In 1925, he gave West Wycombe hill (excluding the mausoleum) to the National Trust and in September 1943 West Wycombe Park was accepted by the National Trust on the condition that the family could remain living in the house.

## Sir Francis John Vernon Hereward Dashwood, Eleventh Baronet

He was the son of Sir John, 10th Bt. and Helen Eaton.

Sir Francis was educated at Eton College and graduated from Christ Church College, Oxford in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts and in 1953 with a Master of Arts.

He graduated from Harvard Business School and was a successful business man, fluent in Russian.

He held the offices of Member of the Buckinghamshire County Council between 1951 and 1952 and High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1976.

Sir Francis John Vernon Hereward Dashwood, Eleventh Baronet

Sir Francis succeeded to the title of 11th Baronet on 9 July 1966, but prior to the death of his father he had already restored the Hell-Fire Caves as a tourist attraction and been instrumental is introducing an number of improvements to West Wycombe House.

In 1957, he married Victoria de Rutzen and the couple dedicated themselves to restoring the house and park according to the designs and vision of Sir Francis, 2nd Bt..

Victoria died in 1976 and the following year Sir Francis married Marcella Scarafia an Italian film actress, and the work of restoring the estate continued.

In 1987, Sir Francis published a family history and autobiography "The Dashwoods of West Wycombe".

## Sir Edward John Francis Dashwood, Twelfth Baronet

Sir Edward John Francis Dashwood, Twelfth Baronet

Sir Edward was born on 25 September 1964.

He is the son of Sir Francis, 11th Bt. and Victoria de Rutzen.

He married Lucinda Nell Miesegaes and they have three children.

Sir Edward was educated at Eton College and graduated from Reading University with a Bachelor of Science degree.

He is registered as a Professional Associate of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

He succeeded to the title of 12th Baronet on 9 March 2000.

## Discover more atWest Wycombe Park, Village and Hill

Visit West Wycombe Park, Village and Hill

He received only one offer, of £10,000 (£581,000 in 2022), so the house was withdrawn from sale. Forced to live in a house he disliked, the village of West Wycombe was sold in its entirety to pay for renovations. Not all these renovations were beneficial: painted 18th century ceilings were overpainted white, and the dining room was divided into service rooms, allowing the large service wing to be abandoned to rot.
 A form of salvation for West Wycombe was Sir John's wife: Lady Dashwood, the former Helen Eaton, a Canadian and sister of American novelist Evelyn Eaton, was a socialite who loved entertaining, and did so in some style at West Wycombe throughout the 1930s. Living a semi-estranged life from her husband, occupying opposite ends of the mansion, she frequently gave "large and stylish" house parties.
 During World War II, the house saw service as a depository for the evacuated Wallace Collection and a convalescent home. A troop of gunners occupied the decaying service wing, and the park was used for the inflation of barrage balloons. During this turmoil, the Dashwoods retreated to the upper floor and took in lodgers to pay the bills, albeit very superior lodgers, who included Nancy Mitford and James Lees-Milne, who was secretary of the Country House Committee of the National Trust and instrumental in the Trust's acquisition of many such houses.


The National Trust agreed that he and his descendants could continue living in the house.

(meta data) TITLE: Introducing the Dashwood Baronets | National Trust

Portrait of Sir Francis Dashwood on display at West Wycombe Park

A baronet is the holder of a hereditary baronetcy awarded by the British Crown.

A baronetcy is the only hereditary honour which is not a peerage.

A baronet is styled "Sir" like a knight, but ranks above all knighthoods except for the Order of the Garter (and the Order of the Thistle in Scotland).

Baron and baronet are both titles of nobility, but they are different.

The rank of baron is the lowest in the peerage.

The term baronet has medieval origins and Edward III is known to have created eight English baronets in 1328.

However, as a result of the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, all future baronetcies were styled as baronets of Great Britain.

The first of these baronets was Sir Francis Dashwood, a merchant and an Alderman of London.

He was the son of Francis Dashwood, an alderman of the City of London, and Alice Sleigh.

Francis was a successful London merchant importing silk and other luxury goods through the East India Company.

He was knighted in 1702 and became the sole owner of the West Wycombe Estate in 1706 when he bought out his brother's half share in the estate.

Sir Francis was MP for Winchelsea between 1708 and 1712.

He died on 4 November 1724 at Hanover Square in London.

Sir Francis was born in December 1708 at Westminster.

He was the son of Sir Francis, 1st Bt. and his second wife, Lady Mary Fane.

Only 16 when he inherited his father's estate, Sir Francis was sent on a Grand Tour of Europe which aroused in him a passion for classical Italian art and architecture (as well as an appetite for high living and extreme devotional practices of the Roman church).

Sir Francis co-founded the Dilettanti Society with the aim of promoting knowledge and understanding of classical art and taste in England.

Sir Francis championed many of the society's activities which led to shaping the vision of his famous development of West Wycombe Park in the neo-classical style.

He married Sarah Ellys, a wealthy widow, and Sarah's money funded many of Sir Francis' developments at the park.

Sir Francis was MP for New Romney and Weymouth and he was named Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Bute ministry of 1762.

In that year he entered the House of Lords as Lord Le Despencer and subsequently proved himself an excellent joint-Postmaster General – a post he held from 1766 until his death.

At that time, Benjamin Franklin held a similar position in the Colonies.

He became a close friend of Sir Francis and was a frequent visitor to West Wycombe.

Maybe as an escape from his political duties, Sir Francis found an outlet with the formation of the Hell-Fire Club (more properly known as the 'Monks of Medmenham').

The society took the form of a mock religious order, the activities of which have been very much exaggerated but elaborate mock religious ceremonial, drinking and free love may well have played some part in their meetings.

Sir Francis died on 11 December 1781, with no legitimate heir.

## Sir John Dashwood-King, Third Baronet

He was the son of Sir Francis, 1st Bt. and his third wife, Lady Mary King.

Sir John was baptised with the name of John Dashwood but in 1742 his name was legally changed to John Dashwood-King by Act of Parliament.

He graduated in 1753 with a Bachelor of Civil Law and was MP for Bishop's Castle between 1753 and 1756.

In 1761 he married Sarah Moore a descendant of John Milton – the source of several Milton relics at West Wycombe Park – and they had three children.

Sir John succeeded to the title of 3rd Baronet on 11 December 1781 but was over 60 when he inherited and he actually spent very little time at West Wycombe.

Sir John was born in 1765 the son of Sir John, 3rd Bt. and Sarah Moore.

He married Mary Anne Broadhead on 29 August 1789 and they had five sons and two daughters.

He succeeded to the title of 4th Baronet on 6 December 1793 and was MP for Wycombe between 1796 and 1831.

Sir John, 4th Bt. is chiefly remembered as a keen huntsman and on his inheritance he established a pack of hounds at West Wycombe Park.

Rumours of his wife's affair with the Prince of Wales led to an unhappy marriage and he died alone in 1849 in lodgings in Baker Street, London.

## Sir George Henry Dashwood, Fifth Baronet

He was the son of Sir John, 4th Bt. and Mary Anne Broadhead.

Unlike his father, Sir George loved West Wycombe into which he moved after his marriage to his cousin Elizabeth Broadhead in 1823.

Sir George held the office of MP for Buckinghamshire between 1832 and 1835 and MP for Wycombe from 1837 to 1862.

He succeeded to the title of 5th Baronet on 22 October 1849 and shortly after embarked on a campaign of refurbishment of West Wycombe which had scarcely been touched since the death of Sir Francis, 2nd Bt.

Sir George died in 1862 without issue, leaving his widow with a life tenancy on the house.

She was to live at West Wycombe for a further 27 years.

## Sir John Richard Dashwood, Sixth Baronet

Sir John was born in 1792 and was the younger brother of Sir George, 5th Bt. but he never actually lived at West Wycombe and he died in 1863, the year after he inherited the title of 6th Baronet.

## Sir Edwin Hare Dashwood, Seventh Baronet

Sir Edwin was born in 1825 and was the nephew of Sir George, 5th Bt.

He emigrated to New Zealand in 1848 and in 1852 married Roberta Henrietta Abercomby.

He inherited as 7th Baronet in 1863 but was unable to move into West Wycombe house as it was still occupied by the Dowager Lady Elizabeth.

## Sir Edwin Abercromby Dashwood, Eighth Baronet

He was the son of Sir Edwin, 7th Bt. and Roberta Abercomby.

He succeeded to the title of the 8th Baronet on 8 May 1882.

He married Florence Norton on 24 August 1889 and they had one child, Florence Emily Dashwood.

Sir Edwin lived in New Zealand until the death of the Dowager LadyDashwood in 1889.

On moving to West Wycombe he found the estate in a very parlous state and to pay Lady Dashwood's executors Sir Edwin mortgaged the estate but he died suddenly, shortly afterward, in 1893.

## Sir Robert John Dashwood, Ninth Baronet

He married Clara Adelaide Ida Conyers Lindsay on 25 July 1893 and succeeded to the title of 9th Baronet on 7 April 1893.

He held the offices of Member of the Buckinghamshire County Council and Justice of the Peace for Buckinghamshire.

Sir Robert was the younger brother of Sir Edwin, 8th Bt.

He continually struggled with the mortgage, debts and court cases emanating from the Dowage Lady Dashwood's legacy and died suddenly, like his brother, in 1908 aged 49.

## Sir John Lindsay Dashwood, Tenth Baronet

He was the son of Sir Robert, 9th Bt. and Clara Lindsay.

He was educate at Wellington College and Magdalen College, Oxford.

Sir John succeeded to the title of 10th Baronet when he was just 13.

He fought in the First World War and gained the rank of Acting Major in the Tank Corps and Flight Lieutenant in the No. 902 (Middlesex) Balloon Squadron, Auxiliary Air Force.

Sir John Lindsay Dashwood, Tenth Baronet

In 1919 Sir John returned from the war to a very much neglected West Wycombe which continued to be crippled by the 8th Baronet's mortgage and debts.

He decided to sell the estate but the sale was cancelled though much of the contents of the house were sold.

Sir John married Helen Moira Eaton on 20 December 1922 and it was largely due to her determination that the house was kept and made habitable.

In 1929, Sir John sold the entire village of West Wycombe to the Royal Society of Arts which handed it over to the National Trust in 1934.

In 1925, he gave West Wycombe hill (excluding the mausoleum) to the National Trust and in September 1943 West Wycombe Park was accepted by the National Trust on the condition that the family could remain living in the house.

## Sir Francis John Vernon Hereward Dashwood, Eleventh Baronet

He was the son of Sir John, 10th Bt. and Helen Eaton.

Sir Francis was educated at Eton College and graduated from Christ Church College, Oxford in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts and in 1953 with a Master of Arts.

He graduated from Harvard Business School and was a successful business man, fluent in Russian.

He held the offices of Member of the Buckinghamshire County Council between 1951 and 1952 and High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1976.

Sir Francis John Vernon Hereward Dashwood, Eleventh Baronet

Sir Francis succeeded to the title of 11th Baronet on 9 July 1966, but prior to the death of his father he had already restored the Hell-Fire Caves as a tourist attraction and been instrumental is introducing an number of improvements to West Wycombe House.

In 1957, he married Victoria de Rutzen and the couple dedicated themselves to restoring the house and park according to the designs and vision of Sir Francis, 2nd Bt..

Victoria died in 1976 and the following year Sir Francis married Marcella Scarafia an Italian film actress, and the work of restoring the estate continued.

In 1987, Sir Francis published a family history and autobiography "The Dashwoods of West Wycombe".

## Sir Edward John Francis Dashwood, Twelfth Baronet

Sir Edward John Francis Dashwood, Twelfth Baronet

Sir Edward was born on 25 September 1964.

He is the son of Sir Francis, 11th Bt. and Victoria de Rutzen.

He married Lucinda Nell Miesegaes and they have three children.

Sir Edward was educated at Eton College and graduated from Reading University with a Bachelor of Science degree.

He is registered as a Professional Associate of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

He succeeded to the title of 12th Baronet on 9 March 2000.

## Discover more atWest Wycombe Park, Village and Hill

Visit West Wycombe Park, Village and Hill

He received only one offer, of £10,000 (£581,000 in 2022), so the house was withdrawn from sale. Forced to live in a house he disliked, the village of West Wycombe was sold in its entirety to pay for renovations. Not all these renovations were beneficial: painted 18th century ceilings were overpainted white, and the dining room was divided into service rooms, allowing the large service wing to be abandoned to rot.
 A form of salvation for West Wycombe was Sir John's wife: Lady Dashwood, the former Helen Eaton, a Canadian and sister of American novelist Evelyn Eaton, was a socialite who loved entertaining, and did so in some style at West Wycombe throughout the 1930s. Living a semi-estranged life from her husband, occupying opposite ends of the mansion, she frequently gave "large and stylish" house parties.
 During World War II, the house saw service as a depository for the evacuated Wallace Collection and a convalescent home. A troop of gunners occupied the decaying service wing, and the park was used for the inflation of barrage balloons. During this turmoil, the Dashwoods retreated to the upper floor and took in lodgers to pay the bills, albeit very superior lodgers, who included Nancy Mitford and James Lees-Milne, who was secretary of the Country House Committee of the National Trust and instrumental in the Trust's acquisition of many such houses. In 1943, Sir John gave the house and grounds to the National Trust.