Soyuz MS-06 launched on September 13, 2017, transporting Alexander Misurkin, Mark T. Vande Hei and Joe Acaba.

(meta data) TITLE: Crew Makes It To Space, Next Stop Station – Space Station

# Crew Makes It To Space, Next Stop Station

The Soyuz MS-06 rocket blasts off with the Expedition 53-54 crew towards the International Space Station.

The Soyuz MS-06 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the International Space Station at 5:17 p.m. EDT Tuesday, Sept. 12 (3:17 a.m. Baikonur time on Sept. 13).

About five minutes prior to launch, the space station flew over the launch site and was flying about 250 miles above southern Russia, just north of the northeast border with Mongolia, at the time of launch.

Expedition 53-54 Flight Engineers Mark Vande Hei and Joe Acaba of NASA and Alexander Misurkin of Roscosmos are now safely in orbit.

The crew will orbit Earth four times en route to the spacecraft's arrival and docking to the space station, at 10:57 p.m.

Tune in at 10:15 p.m. to NASA Television or the agency's website to watch the docking live.

This crew marks the first long-term increase in crew size on the U.S. segment from three to four, allowing NASA to maximize time dedicated to research on the International Space Station.

Highlights of upcoming investigations include demonstrating the benefits of manufacturing fiber optic filaments in a microgravity environment, a new study looking to slow or reverse muscle atrophy in astronauts during spaceflight and exploring the ability of a synthetic bone material capable of adhering bone to metal within minutes to accelerate bone repair.

For live coverage and more information about the mission, visit: www.nasa.gov/station.

Get breaking news, images and features from the station on Instagram at: @iss and on Twitter @Space_Station and @ISS_Research.

Get weekly video highlights at: http://jscfeatures.jsc.nasa.gov/videoupdate/

## 2 thoughts on "Crew Makes It To Space, Next Stop Station"

I couldn't get to the proper site today and Mark is my nephew.

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Previous Previous post: New Crew Launching Today Live on NASA TVNext Next post: New Station Crew Arrives to Home In Space

Station Preps for New Docking Port During Science and Soyuz Checks

Robotics Supporting Exploration; Briefers Talk Friday About Spacewalk

Crew Gets Ready for Next Spacewalk and New Spaceships

Human Research Revealing Space Impacts as Spacewalk Preps Gear Up

Mark Garcia on Station Orbits Higher as Crew Preps for Spacewalk and New SpaceshipTerp on Station Orbits Higher as Crew Preps for Spacewalk and

New Spaceshipsusan bromley on Spacewalk Targeted for Aug. 21, Crew Researching Organ Printing and Alzheimer'sTomas Santos on Crew Gears Up for Spacewalk, Scans Eyes and Practices Medical EmergencyMark Garcia on Spacewalk Targeted for Aug. 21, Crew Researching Organ Printing and Alzheimer's

Mission overview.:Expedition 53/54 launch and docking.


He made his MLS debut on August 4, 2018, starting in a 2-1 loss to Real Salt Lake, making 8 saves and allowing 2 goals.

(meta data) TITLE: Stefan Cleveland | MLSsoccer.com

Colorado RapidsFC DallasHouston DynamoLos Angeles FCLA GalaxyMinnesota United FCPortland TimbersReal Salt LakeSan Jose EarthquakesSeattle Sounders FCSporting Kansas CityVancouver Whitecaps FC

Atlanta United FCChicago FireFC CincinnatiColumbus CrewD.C. UnitedMontreal ImpactNew England RevolutionNew York City FCNew York Red BullsOrlando City SCPhiladelphia UnionToronto FC

8/177:30pmFINAL90'+6'CLBColumbus2TORToronto FC2Regular SeasonTSN4https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-columbus-crew-sc-vs-toronto-fc 8/177:30pmFINAL90'+6'MTLMontreal3DALFC Dallas3Regular SeasonTVAShttps://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-montreal-impact-vs-fc-dallas 8/178:00pmFINAL90'+5'CHIChicago2PHIPhiladelphia0Regular SeasonMLS LIVE on ESPN+https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-chicago-fire-vs-philadelphia-union 8/178:00pmFINAL90'+7'MINMinnesota1ORLOrlando1Regular SeasonMLS LIVE on ESPN+https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-minnesota-united-fc-vs-orlando-city-sc 8/178:30pmFINAL90'+5'SKCSporting KC2SJSan Jose1Regular SeasonMLS LIVE on ESPN+https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-sporting-kansas-city-vs-san-jose-earthquakes 8/179:00pmFINAL90'+7'HOUHouston2COLColorado2Regular SeasonMLS LIVE on ESPN+https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-houston-dynamo-vs-colorado-rapids 8/1710:00pmFINAL90'+4'LALA Galaxy2SEASeattle2Regular SeasonESPN2https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-la-galaxy-vs-seattle-sounders-fc 8/1710:00pmFINAL90'+5'RSLReal Salt Lake0LAFCLAFC2Regular SeasonMLS LIVE on ESPN+https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-real-salt-lake-vs-los-angeles-football-club 8/1710:00pmFINAL90'+8'VANVancouver1DCD.C. United0Regular SeasonTSN 1/4https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-17-vancouver-whitecaps-fc-vs-dc-united 8/1810:00pmFINAL90'+5'PORPortland0ATLAtlanta2Regular SeasonFS1https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-18-portland-timbers-vs-atlanta-united-fc

8/247:30pmPHIPhiladelphiaDCD.C. UnitedRegular SeasonMLS LIVE on ESPN+https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2019-08-24-philadelphia-union-vs-dc-united

8/317:30pmNENew EnglandTORToronto FCRegular SeasonTSN

HOW ACQUIRED: Selected 26th overall in 2017 SuperDraft.

Cleveland did not feature in any matches during his 2017 rookie campaign where he served as Chicago's third-string goalkeeper.

He made five appearances in 2018, making 25 saves in 450 minutes.

At Louisville, Cleveland appeared in 22 games for the Cardinals in 2016 and earned 10 shutouts en route to a .72 goals against average.

A Dayton, Ohio native, Cleveland spent his first three collegiate seasons at Dartmouth, where he appeared in 33 games and earned 16 shutouts, and was named 2015 Ivy League Defensive Player of the Year.

Player StatsGame LogMLSCareer Statistics (Regular Season)

Fire sign SuperDraft picks Johnson, ClevelandJanuary 30, 2017

MLS SuperDraft 2017 - Stefan Cleveland (LouisvillJanuary 1, 2017 (1 min)

Cleveland dives to tip away Rooney's blastOctober 7, 2018

SAVE: Cleveland paws away a Feilhaber blastSeptember 29, 2018 (1 min)

SAVE: Cleveland stones an Diomande shotSeptember 29, 2018

SAVE: Cleveland denies a golden Rossi chanceSeptember 29, 2018

Cleveland denies Villa from a tough angleSeptember 26, 2018 (1 min)

HIGHLIGHTS: Chicago Fire vs. Columbus Crew SCAugust 23, 2018

On January 13, 2017, Cleveland was drafted in the second round as the 26th overall pick in the 2017 MLS SuperDraft by Chicago Fire. He signed with the club on January 30, 2017.
 He made his professional debut on May 27, 2017, whilst on loan with Chicago's United Soccer League affiliate Tulsa Roughnecks during a 3-1 win over Portland Timbers 2.


Ly graduated with distinction in 1991 with a Bachelor of Science in Symbolic Systems and as a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.

(meta data) TITLE:  Web Entrepreneurs with College Degrees | CollegeXpress

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# Web Entrepreneurs with College Degrees

by Claire CarterEditorial Assistant, Carnegie Communications

Do you have a great idea for the next big app, website, or social media network?

Well, here's an idea for you: stay in school!

We can't all be Mark Zuckerberg, i.e., drop out of Harvard, launch Facebook, and become one of the youngest self-made billionaires of all time.

Although many Internet entrepreneurs have found success after quitting college—like all four of Twitter's founders—there are far more who have stayed in school while also (or later) pursuing their ventures.

It's not a bad idea, since you'll always have a degree to fall back on if your invention doesn't reach Facebook-phenom status.

Just take a cue from this list of founders of some of the most popular stuff on the Web; they all boast pretty impressive educational accolades!

Amazon founder Jeff Bezos earned a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and computer science at Princeton University.

Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay, graduated from Tufts University with a B.S. in computer science.

Both of Instagram's founders attended Stanford University as undergraduates.

Kevin Systrom earned a B.S. in management science and engineering, while Mike Krieger graduated with a degree in symbolic systems.

Krieger also attended grad school at Stanford, earning an M.S. in symbolic systems focused on human-computer interaction.

The majority of LinkedIn's founders are Stanford University alumni as well.

Konstantin Guericke earned a B.S. in engineering, Eric Ly received a B.S. in symbolic systems, Allen Blue studied drama and English, and Reid Hoffman was awarded a degree in cognitive science.

Hoffman also holds a Master of Studies in philosophy from Oxford University.

The company's fifth cofounder, Jean-Luc Valliant, earned an M.S. in computer science from the University of Marseille in France, as well as a postgraduate degree in network engineering from Télécom ParisTech.

All three of Pinterest's founders had earned their bachelor's degrees before launching the popular visual discovery tool.

Ben Silbermann graduated from Yale University with a B.A. in political science; Paul Sciarra also attended Yale, earning a B.A. in philosophy; and Evan Sharp was awarded a B.A. in history from the University of Chicago.

Sharp earned his Master of Architecture at Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation while working on Pinterest as a side project.

YouTube cofounder Chad Hurley holds a B.A. in fine art from Indiana University of Pennsylvania, while his partners both graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Steve Chen earned a B.S. in computer science, while Jawed Karim studied computer science and engineering.

Karim later earned a Master of Computer Science at Stanford University.

Snapchat cofounder Bobby Murphy had graduated from Stanford University with a B.S. in mathematical and computational science before he started working on the photo-messaging app.

However, his friend and business partner Evan Spiegel dropped out of the school a few weeks before graduation (though he claims to have a B.S. in product design on his bio page).

The story of Dropbox is similar to that of Snapchat.

Cofounder Drew Houston received a B.S. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before he helped create the online file-saving service.

His partner Arash Ferdowsi also studied computer science at MIT but dropped out during his last year to work with Houston.

The founders of Google each hold multiple degrees.

Larry Page received his B.S. in computer engineering from the University of Michigan, while Sergey Brin graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park with a B.S. in computer science and mathematics.

They met at Stanford University, where they both earned an M.S. in computer science.

AirBnB cofounder Nathan Blecharczyk earned a degree in computer science from Harvard University.

His partner, Brian Chesky, was awarded a Bachelor of Fine Arts in industrial design from the Rhode Island School of Design.

Tim Westergren, one of the three founders of Pandora Internet radio, graduated from Stanford University with a B.A. in political science.

Cofounder Jon Kraft also attended Stanford and holds a B.A. in human biology.

Their partner Will Glaser went above and beyond, earning a triple major in computer science, mathematics, and physics from Cornell University.

Foursquare founder Dennis Crowley graduated from Syracuse University with a B.A. in public communications.

He was also awarded a Master of Professional Studies in the Interactive Telecommunications Program at New York University.

Cofounder Naveen Selvadurai earned both his bachelor's and master's degrees in computer science at Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

And last but not least, the founders of Buzzfeed are also well educated.

Jonah Peretti (who also cofounded The Huffington Post) graduated from the University of California, Santa Cruz with a degree in environmental studies.

In addition, he holds an M.S. from the MIT Media Lab.

Cofounder John Johnson earned a B.A. in philosophy and mathematics from St. John's College in Maryland.

He later attended Columbia University for his master's in research methodology and quantitative methods.

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Studying Business at a Public SchoolBy Greg Smith, Ph.D.

The Power of a Business MinorBy Catherine Seraphin

How to Find Internships for Business MajorsBy Karan Goel

Business and Management Majors and CareersBy CollegeXpress; Terry Ward

Ly was born in Saigon, Vietnam, and emigrated to the United States in 1975 as a result of the Vietnam War. He lived in San Francisco, California, for some years, and when his parents found jobs in Silicon Valley, his family moved to Sunnyvale, California.
 Ly attended Homestead High School, where he applied his interest in computers to journalism and the on-campus newspaper, "The Epitaph". Through a sponsorship from Apple Inc., he transformed production methods for the publication, making Homestead one of the first schools in the country to use desktop publishing technology to publish its newspaper on the newly introduced Macintosh computers.
 Ly attended Stanford University and volunteered as a science writer for the "Stanford Daily" in addition to his studies. Ly was inspired by professor Terry Winograd's perspective that computers ultimately serve as communications tools for people.


As of October 2014 there is renewed interest from TFGM, particularly as the route could link with HS2 Manchester Interchange.

(meta data) TITLE: Wythenshawe 'western loop' Metrolink tram line to be proposed - BBC News

(meta data) AUTHOR: https://www.facebook.com/bbcnews

# Wythenshawe 'western loop' Metrolink tram line to be proposed

A new Greater Manchester tram line linking Manchester Airport with Wythenshawe Hospital is to be proposed.

BBC Radio Manchester has learned local politicians will start lobbying the government for a Wythenshawe "loop-line" after the general election.

The new line would link up with a proposed new railway station for HS2.

Andrew Fender, chairman of Transport for Greater Manchester, said it featured "very much in their plans to build the western loop".

A proposed Metrolink route to Wythenshawe Hospital was axed in 2005 due to funding problems.

Mr Fender said: "We've always planned on building the western loop as it's known, but the fairly recent announcement of the alignment for the proposed HS2 link from Birmingham to Manchester will go very close to the [M56] motorway and it would cross the point where the western loop would be going to."

He added it would "provide that extra connectivity and justification for having the HS2 station in that location".

Mike Kane, Labour MP for Wythenshawe and Sale East, said it would be a "fantastic facility".

He said: "It is very feasible that we could build a line from Manchester Airport over Thorley Lane Bridge, over the M56, link the potential HS2 station at Davenport Green and bring it back round to the hospital on Moor Lane."

HS2 to enter Manchester via tunnel under city 28 January 2013 Metrolink 'to axe hospital route' 22 June 2005

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Cardinal Pell loses appeal against sex abuse convictions

Pell, the most senior Catholic cleric to be convicted of sex abuse, will serve the rest of his six-year sentence.

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Proposed developments of Manchester Metrolink

Proposed or suggested developments.:Wythenshawe Loop.

Although axed in 2005 to control costs, the Wythenshawe Loop on the Airport Line remains an aspiration of TfGM.


The commercials were produced by Vinton Studios using their claymation technique, with character designs by Michael Brunsfeld.

(meta data) TITLE: 'Bad 25 Movie Review': Spike Lee Brings Michael Jackson Back to Thrilling Life | TIME.com

(meta data) PUBLISHER: http://www.facebook.com/TIME

# Bad 25: Spike Lee Brings Michael Jackson Back to Thrilling Life

On the album's silver anniversary, Lee documents the blood, sweat and art that went into this platinum touchstone from the King of Pop

Michael Jackson stands in a graffiti-filled subway car during the filming of the long-form music video for his song 'Bad,' directed by Martin Scorsese, New York, New York, November 1986.

Actors: Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones, Justin Bieber

"He's got the perfect balance of soul and science," producer Quincy Jones said of Michael Jackson, at the conclusion of their work on the album Bad.

Spike Lee's Bad 25 — which had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival, Aug. 31, on the 25th anniversary of the album's release, and which will play in American movie houses before a Thanksgiving airing on ABC TV — shows the blend of inspiration and acuity that drove these two perfectionists in creating a worthy successor to their epochal 1982 album Thriller.

Jackson said he meant bad "in all good will," and in that sense the movie isn't bad.

On mirrors wherever he went after Thriller, Jackson scrawled "100,000,000″ — the estimated worldwide sales of Thriller; still the best-selling album of all time and the winner of a record eight Grammy awards.

Bad topped out at about 40 million, but it was the first album to birth five No. 1 singles (a record broken, we're embarrassed to note, by the six No. 1's from Katy Perry's Teenage Dreams CD).

The Bad videos — or, as MJ insisted on calling them, "short films" — cemented Jackson's stature as a movie star who never appeared in a hit movie; thematically adventurous and expertly choreographed, they provided the crucial link between golden-age Hollywood musicals and YouTube.

To extend the album's multimedia reach, Jackson toured for 16 months in 15 countries: 123 shows that displayed his preternatural performance gifts and supernatural footwork.

(READ: TIME's oral history, The Making of Bad)

Covering it all in a galloping 2hr.10min, Bad 25 is also a love letter from the often acerbic director, who at his Venice press conference underlined the influence Jackson had on the aspirations of a black kid in Brooklyn.

"I was born in 1957, he was born in '58,"Lee said.

"And when I saw the Jackson Five on The Ed Sullivan Show, I wanted to be Michael Jackson.

But the singing and dancing — that's where it stopped."

(READ: Corliss's review of the Michael Jackson doc This Is It)

No matter: Lee, who directed Jackson in the 1996 video for "They Don't Care About Us," is a master of slick, sleek propulsion, as both interviewer and assembler of the all-time great making-of documentary.

Like This Is It, the 2009 film of Jackson's preparation for the concert tour aborted by his death at the age of 50, this is a demonstration of the backstage agony and artistry.

(LIST: See TIME's Top 10 Michael Jackson Everything)

For Bad, Jackson wrote or cowrote most of the songs.

Jones's maxim as a producer — "You can't polish doodoo" — led to an epic wrangle over which songs to include among the final 10 cuts.

Engineer Bruce Swedien, the avuncular Wilford Brimley of microphone magic, would arrange the placement of musicians and backup singers, while Jones chose the supporting cast.

The ballad "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" was intended as a duet with Whitney Houston or Barbra Streisand; instead it went to the little-known Siedah Garrett, a Jones protégé, with the young Sheryl Crow duetting with MJ on the tour.

At the end of the six-month recording process, Garrett got another call: to write a ballad for the album's last track.

She and Glen Ballard created the soaring "Man in the Mirror," with choral work by The Winans and Andrae Crouch.

After the session wrapped, Crouch suggested one last hymnal "Change!"

The departing singers were called back from the parking lot to provide the song's spiritual capper.

(SEE: a TIME video on Michael Jackson's movie career)

Jackson's videos for Thriller had employed John Landis (for the title tune), Bob Giraldi ("Beat It") and Steve Barron ("Billie Jean"), setting the standard for the MTV minimovie.

The "Bad" track would be helmed by Martin Scorsese, who had just directed The Color of Money from a Richard Price script.

Price offered Jackson an inner-city faceoff scenario; as he says in Bad 25, "Here's this asthmatic Italian and an asthmatic Jew" helping the sheltered, showbiz black kid "to show the brothers that he's down with them."

The video, which costars a young Wesley Snipes (soon to be the star of Lee's Mo' Better Blues and Jungle Fever), was shot on the streets of Harlem.

As Scorsese recalls, Michael "looked around and said, 'Do people really live here?'"

(READ: Jay Cocks on the Michael Jackson video era)

Bad 25 documents the conception and shooting of most of the album's videos, with testimony from their directors: Joe Pytka ("The Way You Make Me Feel" and "Dirty Diana"), Colin Chilvers ("Smooth Criminal") and California Raisins stop-motion auteur Will Vinton ("Speed Demon").

Tatiana Thombtzen, the slim model who could have been Michael Jackson as a female, recalls that Pytka advised her not to kiss Michael at the climax of "The Way You Make Me Feel."

A kiss would have been redundant: the two were such visual twins that romance approached narcissism.

"A lot of people misunderstand me," the singer said.

"That's 'cause they don't know me at all."

The image a lot of people had of the star in the two decades after Bad was of a weird, sad soul who dated a chimp, disfigured his face, dangled his young son from a hotel window and pursued unusual liaisons with boys.

Another Jackson is revealed here: the obsessed professional who worked for months in Jones's recording studio and at home with a "B team" of top musicians laying down demo tracks.

He practiced his gliding, lurching dance steps with Soul Train alumnus Jeffrey Daniel and A Chorus Line cast member Gregg Burge.

He pored over the dance films of Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly and Bob Fosse, writing in a note to himself, "Study the greats and become greater."

A record- and rule-breaker, Jackson also built on and improved on a century of American song and dance.

(READ: Corliss on The Death of Peter Pan)

"I feel rejuvenated," Michael Jackson said of his Bad album, "a jubilation."

Bad 25 is an intimate view of a performer at his peak in the intense splendor of creativity.

The movie ends with a magnificent rendition of "The Man in the Mirror" at Wembley Stadium in June 1988.

Exhausted and exhausting, he gives his fans his unique all as singer, dancer, charismatic showman.

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The concept was originally created for a 1986 Sun-Maid commercial on behalf of the California Raisin Advisory Board when one of the writers, Seth Werner (at the time with the advertising firm Foote, Cone & Belding SF, and now with big) came up with an idea for the new raisin commercial, saying, "We have tried everything but dancing raisins singing 'I Heard It Through the Grapevine'" (the 1968 song popularized by Marvin Gaye). To their surprise, the commercial became wildly popular, paving the way for several future commercials and opportunities through other media.


It then became 2nd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) and retained that identity until that regiment disbanded in 1937.

(meta data) TITLE: London Regiment – The Long, Long Trail

## Researching soldiers of the British Army in the Great War of 1914-1919

Not only were all of its battalions of the Territorial Force (although the first four were affiliated to the other City of London regiment, the all-regular Royal Fusiliers) but each battalion was regarded as a corps in its own right.

1/1st (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

August 1914 : at Handel Street in Bloomsbury.

Part of 1st London Brigade, 1st London Division.

Moved on mobilisation to guarding the London-Newhaven railway.

4 September 1914 : sailed with Brigade from Southampton to Malta, arriving Valetta 14 September.

11 February 1915 : left Malta, arrived at Avonmouth on 21 February.

11 March 1915 : landed at Le Havre and joined the 25th Brigade in 8th Division.

8 February 1916 : transferred to 167th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

6 February 1918 : absorbed the disbanded 2/1st Bn and renamed 1st Bn.

1/2nd (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

August 1914 : at Tufton Street in Westminster.

Moved on mobilisation to guarding the Amesbury-Southampton docks railway.

2 January 1915 : left Malta, arrived at Marseilles on 6 January.

21 February 1915 : joined the 17th Brigade in 6th Division.

14 October 1915 : transferred with the Brigade to 24th Division.

9 February 1916 : transferred to 169th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

1/3rd (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

August 1914 : at 21 Edward Street in Hampstead Road.

Moved on mobilisation to guarding the Basingstoke-Eastleigh railway.

10 February 1915 : joined the Gharwal Brigade in 7th (Meerut) Division.

17 February 1915 : transferred to Dehra Dun Brigade in same Division.

4 November 1915 : transferred to 139th Brigade in 46th (North Midland) Division.

16 November 1915 : transferred to 142nd Brigade in 47th (2nd London) Division.

9 February 1916 : transferred to 167th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

3 January 1918 : transferred to 173rd Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division, absorbed the disbanded 2/3rd Bn and renamed 3rd Bn.

1/4th (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

August 1914 : at Shaftesbury Street in City Road.

Part of 1st London Brigade, 1st London Division.

Moved on mobilisation to guarding the Basingstoke-Waterloo railway.

2 January 1915 : left Malta, arrived at Marseilles on 6 January.

10 February 1915 : joined the Ferozepore Brigade in 3rd (Lahore) Division.

11 November 1915 : transferred to 137th Brigade in 46th (North Midland) Division.

15 November 1915 : transferred to 140th Brigade in 47th (2nd London) Division.

9 February 1916 : transferred to 168th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

1/5th (City of London) Battalion (London Rifle Brigade)

Part of 2nd London Brigade, 1st London Division.

Moved on mobilisation to Bisley, going on in September to Crowborough.

5 November 1914 : left the Division and landed at Le Havre.

17 November 1914 : came under command of 11th Brigade in 4th Division.

19 May 1915 : transferred to GHQ Troops and formed a composite unit with 1/12th and 1/13th Bns.

25 October 1915 : transferred to 8th Brigade in 3rd Division.

10 February 1916 : transferred to 169th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

1/6th (City of London) Battalion (Rifles)

5 November 1914 : moved to Watford and transferred to 4th London Brigade in 2nd London Division.

11 May 1915 : formation renamed 140th Brigade in 47th (2nd London) Division.

31 January 1918 : transferred to 174th Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division, absorbed the disbanded 2/6th Bn and renamed 6th Bn.

2 February 1918 : transferred to 174th Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division, absorbed the disbanded 2/7th Bn and renamed 7th Bn.

1/8th (City of London) Battalion (Post Office Rifles)

2 February 1918 : transferred to 174th Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division, absorbed the disbanded 2/8th Bn and renamed 8th Bn.

A recruiting poster for the 8th Battalion, the Post Office Rifles Image courtesy of the Royal Mail Group, with my thanks.

1/9th (County of London) Battalion (Queen Victoria's Rifles)

Part of 3rd London Brigade, 1st London Division.

Moved on mobilisation to Bullswater, going on in September to Crowborough.

5 November 1914 : left Division and landed at Le Havre.

27 November 1914 : came under command of 13th Brigade in 5th Division.

1 February 1918 : transferred to 175th Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division, absorbed the disbanded 2/9th Bn and renamed 9th Bn.

1/10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney)

April 1915 : moved to Norwich and transferred to the East Midland Brigade in East Anglian Division.

7 May 1915 : formation renamed 162nd Brigade in 54th (East Anglian) Division.

Late July 1915 : sailed from Plymouth for Gallipoli, going via Mudros.

December 1915 : evacuated from Gallipoli and moved to Egypt.

1/11th (County of London) Battalion (Finsbury Rifles)

August 1914 : at 17 Penton Street in Pentonville.

Record same as 1/10th Bn except that the battalion sailed from Liverpool on 29 July 1915.

1/12th (County of London) Battalion (The Rangers)

In October, guarded the Waterloo-North Camp (Aldershot) railway and in December went to Roehampton.

25 December 1914 : left the Division and landed at Le Havre.

8 February 1915 : came under command of 84th Brigade in 28th Division.

20 May 1915 : transferred to GHQ Troops and formed a composite unit with 1/5th and 1/13th Bns.

12 February 1916 : transferred to 168th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

Article: into action: trench raid on the Magpie's Nest, 8 November 1917

31 January 1918 : transferred to 175th Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division, absorbed the disbanded 2/12th Bn and renamed 12th Bn.

1/13th (County of London) Battalion (Kensington)

Under command of 4th London Brigade, 2nd London Division.

Army Order 408 of 1914 defined the title of this unit as the 13th (County of London) Princess Louise's Kensington Battalion of the London Regiment.

Moved on mobilisation to Abbotts Langley.

4 November 1914 : left the Division and landed at Le Havre.

13 November 1914 : came under command of 25th Brigade in 8th Division.

20 May 1915 : transferred to GHQ Troops and formed a composite unit with 1/5th and 1/12th Bns.

11 February 1916 : transferred to 168th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

1/14th (County of London) Battalion (London Scottish)

Part of 4th London Brigade, 2nd London Division.

16 September 1914 : left the Division and landed at Le Havre.

Was engaged at Messines on 31 October 1914 under command of Cavalry Corps.

7 November 1914 : came under command of 1st Brigade in 1st Division.

8 February 1916 : transferred to 168th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

1/15th (County of London) Battalion (Prince of Wales's Own Civil Service Rifles)

Moved on mobilisation to Bedmond, and then in November to billets at Watford.

11 May 1915 : formation became 140th Brigade in 47th (2nd London) Division.

1/16th (County of London) Battalion (Queen's Westminster Rifles)

August 1914 : at Queen's Hall, 58 Buckingham Gate.

Moved on mobilisation to Hemel Hempstead area.

3 November 1914 : left the Division and landed at Le Havre.

12 November 1914 : came under command of 18th Brigade in 6th Division.

10 February 1916 : transferred to 169th Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

1/17th (County of London) Battalion (Poplar and Stepney Rifles)

Part of 5th London Brigade, 2nd London Division.

11 May 1915 : formation became 141st Brigade in 47th (2nd London) Division.

1 February 1918 : transferred to 140th Brigade in same Division.

1/18th (County of London) Battalion (London Irish Rifles)

August 1914 : at Duke of York's Headquarters, Chelsea.

Moved on mobilisation to St Albans area.

The 18th Battalion, London Regiment (London Irish Rifles) marching from Buckingham Palace to the Tower, 5th July 1919.

1/19th (County of London) Battalion (St Pancras)

August 1914 : at 76 High Street, Camden Town.

1/20th (County of London) Battalion (Blackheath and Woolwich)

August 1914 : at Holly Hedge House, Blackheath.

1/21st (County of London) Battalion (First Surrey Rifles)

August 1914 : at 4 Flodden Road, Camberwell.

Part of 6th London Brigade, 2nd London Division.

11 May 1915 : formation became 142nd Brigade in 47th (2nd London) Division.

1/22nd (County of London) Battalion (The Queen's)

August 1914 : at 2 Jamaica Road, Bermondsey.

August 1914 : at 27 St Johns Hill, Clapham Junction.

Each battalion of the Londons had its own badge.

This is the badge of the 23rd Battalion as depicted on a CWGC grave headstone.

Image courtesy of the excellent Epsom and Ewell history website, with my thanks.

1/24th (County of London) Battalion (The Queen's)

August 1914 : at 71 New Street, Kennington Park Road.

1/25th (County of London) Cyclist Battalion

August 1914 : at Fulham House, Putney Bridge.

Moved on mobilisation to Kent and Sussex coast, going later in the month to the Suffolk coast.

2 December 1915 : moved to Chisledon, joined with three other Cyclist Bns and reorganised as infantry.

This 'Brigade' was originally intended for East Africa.

3 February 1916 : sailed from Devonport for India, arriving Bombay 25 February.

In October 1918, moved to Vladivostock and on into Siberia, where it stayed until November 1919 thence returning to England.

These numbers were allocated to the Honourable Artillery Company and the Inns of Court when the TF was formed in 1908.

However these regiments complained that in the light of their very long history and tradition they should have been allocated lower numbers.

They were allowed to retain their traditional titles (and appear as such on the Long, Long Trail).

1/28th (County of London) Battalion (Artist's Rifles)

August 1914 : at Dukes Road, Euston Road.

Army Troops attached to 2nd London Division.

Moved on mobilisation to St Albans area.

28 October 1914 : left Division and moved to France.

Established as an Officers Training Corps based at Bailleul, going in April 1915 to St Omer.

28 June 1917 : transferred to 190th Brigade in 63rd (Royal Naval) Division.

2/1st (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

By December 1914, had moved to Kent and placed under orders of 2/1st London Brigade in 2/1st London Division.

February 1915 : left the Division and relieved the 1/1st Bn in Malta.

27 August 1915 : moved to Egypt, before landing on 25 September 1915 at Suvla Bay, Gallipoli, joining the 88th Brigade in 29th Division.

January 1916 : evacuated from Gallipoli and moved to Egypt, joining the 53rd (Welsh) Division.

April 1916 : moved independently to France.

June 1916 : disbanded at Rouen, after which 3/1st Bn was renamed 2/1st Bn.

2/2nd (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

By December 1914, had moved to Epsom Downs and Tonbridge and placed under orders of 2/1st London Brigade in 2/1st London Division.

31 December 1914 : left the Division and relieved the 1/2nd Bn in Malta.

27 August 1915 : moved to Egypt, before landing on 13 October 1915 at Cape Helles, Gallipoli, joining the 2nd Brigade in the Royal Naval Division.

June 1916 : disbanded at Rouen, after which 3/2nd Bn was renamed 2/2nd Bn.

2/3rd (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

Formed at 21 Edward Street, London in September 1914.

31 December 1914 : left the Division and relieved the 1/3rd Bn in Malta.

13 April 1915 : moved to Egypt,landing at Port Said before going on to garrison Khartoum in Sudan.

Left on 15 September and returned to Port Said.

18 September 1915 : arrived at Mudros before landing on 23 September at Suvla Bay, Gallipoli, joining the 86th Brigade in 29th Division, in the "Dublin Castle" sector.

June 1916 : disbanded at Rouen, after which 3/3rd Bn was renamed as a new 2/3rd Bn.

2/4th (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers)

Formed in London in September 1914 and soon moved to Folly Farm, New Barnet.

On 14 December 1914 moved to Maidstone and came under orders of 2/1st London Brigade in 2/1st London Division.

31 December 1914 : left the Division and relieved the 1/4th Bn in Malta.

25 August 1915 : moved to Egypt, before landing on 15 October 1915 at Cape Helles, Gallipoli, joining the 1st Brigade in the Royal Naval Division.

January 1916 : evacuated from Gallipoli and moved to Egypt, joining the 53rd (Welsh) Division.

April 1916 : moved independently to France.

June 1916 : disbanded at Rouen, after which 3/4th Bn was renamed 2/4th Bn.

2/5th (City of London) Battalion (London Rifle Brigade)

By December 1914, had moved to Haywards Heath and placed under orders of 2/1st London Brigade in 2/1st London Division.

Moved to Norwich in May 1915 and formation retitled as 174th Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division.

Moved on to Ipswich next month and then to Sutton Veny in July 1916.

2/6th (City of London) Battalion (Rifles)

Moved in October to Walton-on-Thames, then Burgess Hill in November where placed under orders of 2/1st London Brigade in 2/1st London Division.

Moved on to Ipswich next month, then Stowmarket and Sudbury and then to Sutton Veny in July 1916.

6 February 1918 : absorbed by 1/7th Bn at Domart.

2/8th (City of London) Battalion (Post Office Rifles)

2/9th (County of London) Battalion (Queen Victoria's Rifles)

Moved in November to Crowborough where placed under orders of 2/2nd London Brigade in 2/1st London Division.

Moved to Ipswich in June 1915 and formation retitled as 175th Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division.

Moved on to Bromeswell Heath in May 1916 and then to Longbridge Deverell in July.

2/10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney)

Record same as 2/9th Bn but was not disbanded.

2/11th (County of London) Battalion (Finsbury Rifles)

2/12th (County of London) Battalion (The Rangers)

6 February 1918 : absorbed by 1/12th Bn.

2/13th (County of London) Battalion (Kensington)

By November 1914, in 2/4th London Brigade in 2/2nd London Division at White City.

This formation was later retitled as 179th Brigade in 60th (2/2nd London) Division.

October 1914 : battalion name changed to 2/13th (County of London) Princess Louise's Kensington Battalion.

Went on to Watford (April 1915), Saffron Walden (June 1915), Sutton Veny (January 1916).

28 April 1916 ; landed at Cork for security duties following Irish rebellion.

14 May 1916 : sailed from Rosslare to Fishguard and returned to Sutton Veny.

2 July 1917 : moved to Egypt, arriving Alexandria 5 July.

2/14th (County of London) Battalion (London Scottish)

30 May 1918 : left Division and moved to France, arriving at Audruicq by 22 June.

2 July 1918 : transferred to 90th Brigade in 30th Division.

2/15th (County of London) Battalion (Prince of Wales's Own Civil Service Rifles)

Formed at Somerset House in September 1914.

2/16th (County of London) Battalion (Queen's Westminster Rifles)

Formed at Queen's Hall, 58 Buckingham Gate in September 1914.

2/17th (County of London) Battalion (Poplar and Stepney Rifles)

By January 1915, in 2/5th London Brigade in 2/2nd London Division at Reigate.

This formation was later retitled as 180th Brigade in 60th (2/2nd London) Division.

Went on to Bishops Stortford (May 1915) and Sutton Veny (January 1916).

27 May 1918 : left Division and moved to France, arriving at Audruicq by 30 June and transferred to 89th Brigade in 30th Division.

2/18th (County of London) Battalion (London Irish Rifles)

Record same as 2/17th Bn except remained in Division after May 1918.

7 July 1918 : disbanded in Palestine, troops going to 1st Royal Irish Regiment, 2nd Royal Irish Fusiliers and 1st Leinster Regiment in 10th (Irish) Division.

2/19th (County of London) Battalion (St Pancras)

Went on to Coggeshall (May 1915), Hatfield Broad Oak (July), Saffron Walden (October), Hertford (December) and Sutton Veny (January 1916).

10 June 1917 : moved to Egypt, arriving Alexandria 12 June.

2/20th (County of London) Battalion (Blackheath and Woolwich)

Record same as 2/19th Bn until May 1918.

May 1918 : left Division and moved to France, going via Taranto (30 June) and transferred on 17 July 1918 to 198th Brigade in 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division.

9 August 1918 : transferred to 185th Brigade in 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division.

2/21st (County of London) Battalion (First Surrey Rifles)

By January 1915, in 2/6th London Brigade in 2/2nd London Division at Redhill.

This formation was later retitled as 181st Brigade in 60th (2/2nd London) Division.

Went on to Braintree (May 1915) and Sutton Veny (January 1916).

3 June 1918 : disbanded in Palestine, troops going to 2/13th, 2/19th and 2/22nd Bns.

2/22nd (County of London) Battalion (The Queen's)

Record same as 2/21st Bn until May 1918 but was not disbanded.

Formed at Clapham Junction in August 1914.

Record similar to 2/21st Bn until May 1918.

26 May 1918 : left Division and moved to France, arriving at Arques by 8 July and transferred to 21st Brigade in 30th Division.

2/24th (County of London) Battalion (The Queen's)

May 1918 : left Division and moved to France, going via Alexandria (sailed 5 July) and Taranto (8 July).

The battalion transferred on 15 July 1918 to 198th Brigade in 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division.

11 September 1918 : transferred to 173rd Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division.

2/25th (County of London) Cyclist Battalion

Formed at Fulham on 31 August 1914 and moved in November to the Sussex coast.

Moved in April 1915 to Norfolk, April 1916 to Bungay, October to Halesworth, summer 1917 to Saxmundham.

Then to Peasenhall for winter, returned to Saxmundham in March 1918, then to Wickham Market in August 1918 and finally by November at Rendlesham.

2/28th (County of London) Battalion (Artist's Rifles)

Moved to Richmond Park and went on in July 1915 to Epping Forest.

Absorbed into 1/28th Bn in November 1915.

By April 1915, in 3/1st London Brigade at Tadworth.

May 1915 : moved to Bury St Edmunds and transferred to 173rd Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division.

June 1916 : became 2/1st Bn, when original was disbanded.

6 February 1918 : disbanded in France, troops going to 1/4th, 2/2nd, 2/3rd and 2/4th Bns.

June 1916 : became 2/2nd Bn, when original was disbanded.

Moved to Ipswich in June and Sutton Veny in July.

12 September 1918 : disbanded in France, troops going to 2/2nd Bn.

Formed at Bunhill Row on 26 November 1914.

Moved in October to billets at Sutton, then to Fovant in January 1916.

Moved to Exeter in November 1916, then Dawlish in December.

Moved to Blackdown in April 1917, where it then remained.

Moved in October to billets at Surbiton / Orpington / Blackheath respectively, then to Fovant in January 1916.

8 April 1916 : became 6th, 7th and 8th Reserve Bns.

Moved to Newton Abbott / Dartmouth / Paignton in autumn 1916, then Dawlish in December.

Moved to Blackdown in April 1917, where they then remained.

Moved in October to billets at Richmond / Sutton / East Sheen respectively, then to Fovant in January 1916.

8 April 1916 : became 9th, 11th and 12th Reserve Bns.

1 September 1916 : 9th Bn absorbed 11th and 12th Bns.

Moved to Exeter in autumn 1916, then to Deepcut in April 1917, where it then remained.

Formed in April 1915 and moved to Tadworth.

1 September 1916 : absorbed 25th Reserve Cyclist Bn.

Moved to Teignmouth in autumn 1916, then Dawlish in December.

Moved to Frith Hill in April 1917, where they then remained.

Formed in December 1914 and moved to Richmond Park.

Went in autumn 1915 to Reigate, January 1916 to Winchester.

Moved to Richmond Park again in July 1917, and was at Wimbledon and Orpington in 1918.

Formed in November 1914 and moved to Richmond Park.

Went in 1915 to East Sheen, January 1916 to Winchester.

8 April 1916 : became 13th Reserve Bn. Moved to Chisledon, Flixton and Wisbech in 1918.

Formed in early 1915 and moved to Richmond Park.

8 April 1916 : became 15th, 16th and 17th Reserve Bn.

Moved to Wimbledon in December 1917 and 17th went on to Orpington in 1918.

Formed in May 1915 and moved to Richmond Park.

8 April 1916 : became 18th Reserve Bn. Moved to Chisledon in November 1917, Flixton and Heacham in 1918.

Formed in March 1915 and moved to Richmond Park.

8 April 1916 : became 19th and 20th Reserve Bns.

Moved to Chisledon in November 1917; 19th went to Blackdown and 20th to Flixton and March in 1918.

Formed in March 1915 and moved to Tadworth.

8 April 1916 : renamed as 21st and 23rd Reserve Bns.

Moved to Chisledon in November 1917 and to Benacre Park and Hunstanton in 1918.

8 April 1916 : renamed as 22nd and 24th Reserve Bns.

Moved to Chisledon in November 1917 and to Saxmundham and Wells in 1918.

Formed at Fulham in March 1915 and moved in August to Butts Farm and Tudor House at Hanworth Park, going on in November 1915 to billets in Feltham and Bedfont.

8 April 1916 : renamed as 25th Reserve Cyclist Bn. Moved to Richmond Park in May 1916 and absorbed into 10th Reserve Bn on 1 September 1916.

Formed in September 1914 and moved to Richmond Park.

Moved to Hare Hall (Romford) in March 1916 and became No 15 Officer Cadet Battalion, not affiliated to a regiment.

Formed in May 1915 and joined 173rd Brigade in 58th (2/1st London) Division in East Anglia.

Moved to Tadworth, then on to Hurdcott in January 1916.

On 1 September 1916, 1st absorbed 3rd and 2nd absorbed 4th.

Moved to Torquay in November 1916 and to Blackdown in April 1917 where it then remained.

29th and 30th (City of London) Battalions

On 1 January 1917, the 100th and 101st Provisional Bns at Guildford became the 29th and 30th Londons.

They had been formed in June 1915 from home service personnel.

Both came under orders of 212th Brigade in 71st Division.

Moved in March 1917 to Colchester then on 5 February 1918 to Walton-on-the-Naze.

Transferred on 5 February 1918 to 226 Mixed Brigade.

31st and 32nd (County of London) Battalions

On 1 January 1917, the 107th and 108th Provisional Bns at Frinton became the 31st and 32nd Londons.

31st moved in May 1917 to St Osyth and was disbanded in September 1917; 32nd went to Walton-on-the-Naze in May 1917 and was disbanded in April 1918.

Formed in Clacton-on-Sea in early June 1918.

On 18 June, the Bn moved to Pirbright, absorbed the cadre of the 7th Bn, the Rifle Brigade and joined the 41st Brigade in 14th (Light) Division.

On 27 June, the Bn moved to Aldershot, absorbed the cadre of the 7th Bn, the King's Royal Rifle Corps and joined the 49th Brigade in 16th (Irish) Division.

For details of other Divisions mentioned above please see Order of Battle of Divisions

Click through to fourteeneighteen|research

Review of "The German failure in Belgium, August 1914"

7th Infantry Brigade's raid on Factory Farm 17 February 1917

Review of two Somme histories: Riley and Whitehead

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2nd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers)

It was raised at Westminster in 1860 as the 46th Middlesex Rifle Volunteer Corps, renumbered 23rd Middlesex Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1880. On the formation of the Volunteer Force in the early 1880s it became 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), an identity it retained until the Territorial Force was set up in 1908.


Francis Church was a BAPC choir member and a cellist, and he led the successful drive for purchase of the original pipe organ at the Huguenot Road location of the church.

(meta data) TITLE: Music Critics Association of North America

# Music Critics Association of North America

## To strengthen the profession of classical music journalism

Editor's note: The following remembrance of critics Francis L. Church and Andrew Patner was written and delivered by Lawrence B. Johnson, editor of ChicagoOntheAisle.com, on June 13 at the Music Critics Association of North America convention in San Francisco.

Francis L. Church,the longtime music critic for the Richmond News Leader, died last August at age 87.

I loved this obit lead from the Richmond Times-Dispatch, or anyway this is my reading of it: As a boy, Francis Church took piano lessons long enough to lose interest.

But then the writer explains that one day Francis picked up a cello, and never put it down.

He loved the adventure of contemporary music and, tellingly, spent a stretch of time as second-chair cello with the modernist-oriented Louisville Symphony.

He arrived at The Richmond News Leader in 1976 as classical music critic and multi-tasking editor, roles he continued to play until his retirement in 1991.

But even after retirement he basically just kept on keeping on, working as a freelance writer until very near the end of his life.

He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard – in government.

A former editor at the News Leader described Francis' body of critical work as highly respected throughout the greater Richmond area for its thoughtfulness and craft.

"He strived to increase interest in and appreciation of Richmond's vibrant and varied classical music offerings while still recognizing the occasional off notes among the many high notes," the editor said.

Colleagues recalled Francis's encyclopedic knowledge of classical music, the humor he typically delivered with a deadpan expression, and his heart-on-sleeve caring nature.

I barely knew Francis, except to see him at these conventions and to accept his ever-radiant greeting.

Andrew Patnerwas my colleague in Chicago.

He died quite suddenly on Feb. 3 of this year at age 55.

To put it too succinctly, Andrew was critic at large for WFMT radio and contributing music critic for the Chicago Sun-Times.

It is more expressive of the achievement and import of this native Chicagoan that his passing was mourned by the city's entire classical music community.

Riccardo Muti and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra dedicated performances of the Mozart Requiem to his memory.

The Lyric Opera of Chicago hosted a memorial celebration of Andrew's life.

Andrew was known for his intellectual range and curiosity.

His critical realm extended well beyond classical music to theater and dance, art and architecture, cabaret, books and film.

With his love of the arts came very strong opinions, and great enthusiasm for engaging his many followers in discourse about anything and everything.

As John von Rhein wrote in the Chicago Tribune:

"Patner regarded his radio, print and Internet following rather as an extended family of friends (and even foes) with whom he could trade opinions and stir up discussion of just about any hot-button issue in the arts world.

He relished the role of cultural arbiter, the voice of taste and experience at the center of the fray.

But it took a Brit to capture Andrew with precise brevity: Anthony Freud, the Lyric Opera's general director, said: "He was a profoundly intelligent man of great wisdom."

(A moment of silence followed this reading.)

MCANA 2015 Annual Meeting - San Francisco - June 11 - June 13

The MCANA Annual Meeting Schedule is available by clicking on the PDF link below:

Attendee local transporation - San Francisco Style

San Francisco has been selected as the site of MCANA's 2015 Annual Meeting.

The meeting dates are June 11 - June 13.

The San Francisco Symphony and San Francisco Opera are our hosts.

Some of the highlights of the meeting are scheduled to include a semi-staged version of Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, led by Michael Tilson Thomas; the world premiere of Two Women, by Marco Tutino, which stars soprano Anna Caterina Antonacci, and is directed by Francesca Zambello; and Les Troyens, which stars Antonacci and Susan Graham, in a new production by David McVicar.

John Rockwell will moderate a panel about the world premiere performance of "Two Women," with members of its cast and creative staff.

Joshua Kosman will do the "MCANA interview" with Michael Tilson Thomas over lunch.

He's also set up a visit for us to the San Francisco Conservatory, now located in a new facility near Davies Hall, where we will hear what David Stull (formerly of Oberlin, became president of SFC in 2013) is doing to transform this institution.

Nancy Malitz will moderate a panel with Anne Midgette, Paul Hyde and others about how to best promote your reviews and articles on social media.

Mini-tour of SoundBox, the new, club-like, state-of-the-art performance/rehearsal space in Davies Hall, and possible demo of its Meyer Constellation sound system, plus filmed excerpts from the inaugural concerts there.

The Sacrament of Holy Communion is offered on the first Sunday of each month and on other feast days and special occasions.   All baptized persons are welcome at the Lord’s Table.
The music minister of BAPC is Steve Henley. Henley sometimes is a guest organist at Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg. The hymnal used for congregational singing from the pews is the Presbyterian hymnal "Glory to God: The Presbyterian Hymnal (2013)" .
Handbells BAPC's Second Sunday South of the James Concert Series in 2009 presented "The Commonwealth Brass Ensemble, Organ & Timpani".
Both the Cornel Zimmer pipe organ with digital augmentation installed in April 2013 replacing the original 1981 Schantz pipe organ and the piano in the sanctuary at Bon Air Presbyterian Church are prized by members and professional guest musicians who play them. Francis L. Church was a Richmond News Leader editor and classical music critic from 1976 until his retirement in 1991.


In addition to the widespread term "wicked," the word "pisser," often phonetically spelled "pissa(h)," is another Northeastern New England intensifier (plus sometimes an uncountable noun) for something that is very highly regarded by the speaker.

(meta data) TITLE: 10 Boston Phrases You Should Know

, there are also a number of words used solely by Bostonites.

This guide to Boston slang means you'll be in the know when watching Black Mass - the true story of Boston Irish Mob organised crime boss, Whitey Bulger, played by Johnny Depp.

Here are our top 10 best Boston phrases you should know:

Not to be used on its own, but in place of 'very' to describe something: "She's wicked cool!"

It sounds like an insult, but it's quite the opposite.

The term is thought to derive from the old English "pisser," meaning something very unpleasant or painful.

The Massachusetts accent caused the "r" to be dropped and slang usage caused the meaning to be reversed in an ironic way, thereby creating the word "pissa".

(NB. If something is "Wicked Pissa", it's really good!)

(Pronounced "So doan I"): Actually meaning "So do I" or "Me too", this is just one example of the Massachusetts negative positive.

Moxie describes someone with courage, pluck or spirit.

It derives from Moxie - a cream soda soft drink.

This scene in Black Mass serves as a perfect example.

When a brawl ensues outside Bulger's favourite bar, a young man fights like a lion, though the odds are against him.

When Whitey comes out and sees that the kid won't give up, he makes him a soldier in the gang.

Now, there's a chap who has 'moxie!' in spades.

Thus, "Bang a U-ie up heah" means to perform a U-turn.

A district of Boston, one of the oldest in the United States.

What makes you so sure that he's gonna be a reliable source…?

Jimmy, his brother Billy, and me, and that's a bond that doesn't get broken.

If he gives me his word, he will keep it.

An exclamation from the game of "Hide-and-Seek" to indicate those in hiding can reveal themselves without losing the game.

You can imagine a Boston gangster shouting this to someone running from them, but it wouldn't be a happy ending.

Oliver Wendell Holmes coined the phrase in 1858: "[The] Boston State-House is the hub of the solar system," a sentiment shared by Whitey Bulger.

Now that you've read this you might be thinking in a Boston accent for a while.

Which phrases have got stuck in your head or are there any we've missed?

### What to expect from The Sun Is Also A Star

### David Heyman's co-founded film school seeks out new students

The terms "frappe" to mean "thick milkshake"; "bubbler" (also found in Wisconsin) to mean "water fountain"; and "tonic" to mean "sweet carbonated soft drink" (called "soda" elsewhere in New England), are largely unique to northeastern (and, to a lesser extent, southeastern) New England English vocabulary. Using "jimmies" to mean "(chocolate) sprinkles" is primarily a phenomenon of the Boston area, though also stably reported in Maine, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.


The government and the nuclear power industry agreed to phase out all nuclear power plants by 2021.

(meta data) TITLE: BBC NEWS | Europe | Germany split over green energy

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Flowing in every day, these data are added to the Wayback Machine after an embargo period.

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20110319122219/http://news.bbc.co.uk:80/2/hi/europe/4295389.stm

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Last Updated: Friday, 25 February, 2005, 10:12 GMT

The German government is backing wind power

Germany's ambitious plan to phase out nuclear power by 2020 while also reducing its reliance on fossil fuels has made it a leader in efforts to fulfil the Kyoto protocol.

But critics are now predicting an energy crisis.

Germany's government is hoping that abandoning its reliance on coal - which currently accounts for around half of the country's power needs - will cut carbon dioxide emissions by 40% compared with 1990 levels, well below what is required in Kyoto.

But the country is also, crucially, abandoning its nuclear programme - planning to phase reactors out completely by 2020.

Some in the industry - including advocates of renewable energy - have called this a "contradiction".

"It is a fact that nuclear plants work without CO2 emissions," Petra Ullman, of energy company Eon - which runs a number of nuclear power stations - told BBC World Service's One Planet programme.

"In a year, in Germany we save 170 million tonnes of CO2 by using nuclear power plants.

If we shut down the nuclear power plants, the only alternative is coal."

The architect of Germany's radical energy strategy is the government's Environment Minister, Green Party leader Juergen Trittin.

He has already outlined the proposals to the EU.

"We are on a strategy to phase out nuclear, to raise the share of renewables, and to increase the efficiency of fossil power plants," he said.

Germany currently uses a large mix of energy sources

"We understand that this makes it possible that in the year 2020, when we have phased out nuclear, we will have been able to reduce greenhouse emissions by 40% compared with 1990."

Under the current legislation, each of Germany's 19 reactors will be phased out on its 32nd birthday - at which point it is closed.

The first one - the Stade nuclear reactor near Hamburg - has already shut and is awaiting decommissioning.

To replace the energy demands, the government is proposing to boost its already considerable investment in wind power.

Germany already produces 40% of all the world's wind power, and the hope is that by 2010, wind will meet 12.5% of German energy needs.

The country has 16,000 wind turbines, mostly concentrated in the north of the country, near the border with Denmark - including the biggest in the world, owned by the Repower company.

It is called the 5M - short for 5 megawatts - has a 126m diameter, and the one turbine has the ability to power 4,500 households.

Repower hopes it is a prototype for offshore farms.

However, Dr Fritz Vahrenholt, Repower's chairman, has called for a postponement of the nuclear closure programme.

"It is not very prudent to close the actual nuclear power plants we have," he told One Planet.

Ten years ago people told us that there would never be enough capacity to have relevant share produced by wind - now the same people tell me we have too much wind

"Thirty-three percent of the electricity produced is nuclear.

"My proposal is to postpone the phasing out of nuclear power plants for five or eight years - which gives us the opportunity to develop really competitive renewable energy."

He also said there was "majority" support for this proposal amongst ordinary Germans, arguing that "I think there is an awareness that we cannot afford such a stark decrease in nuclear power."

And he believes every government will have to face the problem of rising electricity costs.

"If you stick to this plan of shutting a nuclear plant every year, the only result is more imports," he said.

Professor Wolfgang Pfaffenberger of the Bremen Energy Institute is sceptical about the potential for wind power.

"The specific problem is that you cannot always have the wind when you need the energy," he argued.

"That's why at the moment more than 15% of our capacity is wind power - but it produces only 3% of our energy.

"So we have to build up an enormous over-capacity - which adds to our cost."

The Stade nuclear plant was shut in November 2003

Dr Pfaffenberger points out that an average kilowatt from wind costs 10 cents, whereas the average cost of electricity on the market is only about one-third of this.

He conceded there is potential to expand use of natural gas - but this is risky as Russia would be the main supplier, and could dictate the price.

However Mr Trittin dismissed these concerns.

"Ten years ago people told us that there would never be enough capacity to have a relevant share produced by wind - now the same people tell me we have too much wind, and have to export electricity because we have such a huge share of wind energy," he stated.

"So I can't take these arguments seriously."

He stressed he was "convinced" Germany would reach its target.

And he dismissed Dr Pfaffenberger's concerns about cost out of hand.

"To hear such arguments from people who haven't learned anything in the last half century - I am very calm on that."

Dealing with the human impact on the natural world

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites

In 2008, Germany was the world's sixth-largest consumer of energy, and 60% of its primary energy was imported. In 2014, energy sources were: oil (35.0%); coal, including lignite (24.6%); natural gas (20.5%); nuclear (8.1%); hydro-electric and renewable sources (11.1%).


The team advanced to the playoffs, only to lost in the first round to the Fort Wayne Daisies.

(meta data) TITLE: AAGPBL League History

# All-American Girls Professional Baseball League ®

## All-American Girls Professional Baseball League ®

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League

By the fall of 1942, many minor league teams disbanded due to the war.

Young men, 18 years of age and over, were being drafted into the armed services.

The fear that this pattern would continue and that Major League Baseball Parks across the country were in danger of collapse is what prompted Philip K. Wrigley, the chewing-gum mogul who had inherited the Chicago Cubs' Major League Baseball franchise from his father, to search for a possible solution to this dilemma.

Wrigley asked Ken Sells, assistant to the Chicago Cubs' General Manager to head a committee to come up with ideas.

The committee recommended a girls' softball league be established to be prepared to go into Major League parks should attendance fall due to franchises losing too many quality players to attract crowds.

With the dedication of a group of Midwestern businessmen and the financial support of Mr.Wrigley, the All-American Girls Softball League emerged in the spring of 1943.

The League was formed as a non-profit organization.

A board of trustees was formed which included Philip K. Wrigley; Branch Rickey, Brooklyn Dodgers President and General Manager; Paul V. Harper, Chicago attorney and trustee for the University of Chicago and Chicago Cubs attorney; and Ken Sells, who was named President of the League.

Midway in the first season of play, the board of trustees changed the League's name to All-American Girls Baseball League (AAGBBL) to make it distinctive from the existing softball leagues and because the rules of play were those of Major League Baseball.

However, the retention of shorter infield distances and underhand pitching caused some controversy in the media about "Baseball" in the League name.

Thus, at the end of the 1943 season, the official League name was again changed to the more descriptive All-American Girls Professional Ball League (AAGPBL).

This title was retained until the end of the 1945 season when All-American Girls Baseball League (AAGBBL) was again adopted and retained through 1950.

It was during this time period that overhand pitching and smaller ball sizes were adopted.

When independent team owners purchased the League at the end of the 1950 season, the official League name was changed to the American Girls Baseball League (AGBL), but popularly it continued to be identified as the All-American League or the All-American Girls Baseball League (AAGBBL).

Through the organization of the Players' Association in1986, and through their efforts to gain recognition by the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988, the league has now come to be recognized as what it was in actuality: the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL).

The first major issue facing the trustees was to establish what game of ball was going to be played by the women and to define the rules for this new brand of ball.

Chicago Cubs' scout, Jack Sheehan, former player and part-time scout for the Cubs, and Vern Hernlund, supervisor of recreation for the Chicago Parks Department, worked with Ken Sells to write the new set of rules for the League.

Since the only organized ball for women in the country was softball, they created a game which included both softball and baseball.

There were semi-pro women's softball teams of quality women players in Chicago and many other urban centers throughout the U.S. and Canada.

The skill of these teams provided a logical basis for the use of a 12-inch softball and underhand pitching.

They wanted, however, to liven up the game.

In an effort to increase hitting and spotlight base running and fielding, they extended the length of softball's base paths and pitching distance.

They also incorporated men's base running rules by allowing runners to lead off and steal bases.

Softball at the time included 10 players.

This new game would parallel men's baseball in number of players (9) and types of equipment.

The second major issue facing the trustees was to find the talented women playing softball or baseball across the country.

Jim Hamilton, 30-year veteran player, manager, owner and Chicago Cubs' scout, was hired as the Head of Procurement to locate and sign women from all over the United States and Canada.

In Canada the driving force was Johnny Gottselig, former defenseman for the Chicago Blackhawks National Hockey Team in the 1920's and 1930's.

Gottselig, a native of Regina, Sask., was managing the Blackhawks' Kansas City farm team in 1942.

He had many contacts among sporting figures in the provinces, one of whom was a Regina-based hockey scout named Hub Bishop.

Bishop was responsible for signing Mary "Bonnie" Baker, All-Star catcher for the South Bend Blue Sox, and other highly skilled players from the many popular softball leagues which existed in Canada.

Johnny Gottselig became the first manager of the Racine Belles in 1943, and managed his team to the first recognized World Championship of the newly organized AAGPBL.

Wrigley already had an established recruitment network in place from his ownership of the Cubs and had sports connections throughout North America.

Jim Hamilton, with several assistants, was responsible for procuring players from California to New York.

Many players were screened from the Chicago Softball League and other existing softball leagues throughout the country.

Bill Allington, former minor league player and then a coach in the California leagues, was also an active scout for the All-American League.

Allington became the manager for the Rockford Peaches in the summer of 1944 and remained as a manager in the league throughout the league's existence.

By sending out scouts and setting up try-outs in dozens of major cities, Wrigley attracted hundreds of women from all over America and Canada who were eager to play in this new professional league.

Of these, only 280 were invited to the final try-outs in Chicago where 60 were chosen to become the first women to ever play professional baseball.

Wrigley originally envisioned that Major League baseball parks could profit from having the women play on the dates the men's teams were scheduled to be on the road.

He calculated this would maximize the use of the parks which were now only utilized 50% of the time.

He approached other Major League owners, but the idea was not well received.

Four non-Major League cities were selected that were in close proximity to the League headquarters in Chicago and close to each other.

The cities chosen were Racine and Kenosha Wisconsin, Rockford, Illinois, and South Bend, Indiana.

Arthur Meyerhoff, Wrigley's advertising director, was given the responsibility of coordinating operations with city officials and civic leaders in the communities.

Wrigley agreed to fund half the cost of operating each team and all over-budget expenses.

The host city directors agreed to pay the other half of projected operating costs.

Teams consisted of fifteen players, a manager (coach), a business manager, and a woman chaperone.

It was believed that by acquiring notable men sports figures as managers for the girls' teams, there would be greater curiosity and interest by the public.

The first managers selected were Johnny Gottselig; Bert Niehoff, former Major League player and minor league manager; Josh Billings, former Major League player; and Eddie Stumpf, former Milwaukee Brewers catcher.

Standing, L-R: Clara Schillace, Ann Harnett and Edie Perlick.

(From Northern Indiana Center for History Collection.)

Spring training was set for May 17, 1943, at Wrigley Field in Chicago.

All the players stayed at the Belmont Hotel close to Wrigley Field.

The final selection process began on the first day.

League officials systematically scrutinized each player.

They were tested on playing their field position, throwing, catching, running, sliding and hitting.

At the end of the day, no one wanted to answer the phone for fear of being told they would have to pack and go home.

Those who survived the cut were signed to professional league contracts which stated they were not to have any other employment during the baseball season.

Salaries were high for many of these young players, some as young as 15.

In many cases they were making more than their parents who had skilled occupations.

Salaries ranged from $45 to $85 a week plus.

Those who were signed not only had to be highly skilled players, they also had to comply with high moral standards and rules of conduct imposed by the League.

In addition, femininity was a high priority.

Wrigley contracted with Helena Rubenstein's Beauty Salon to meet with the players at spring training.

After their daily practices, the women were required to attend Rubenstein's evening charm school classes.

The proper etiquette for every situation was taught, and every aspect of personal hygiene, mannerisms and dress code was presented to all the players.

In an effort to make each player as physically attractive as possible, each player received a beauty kit and instructions on how to use it.

(See Charm School and Rules of Conduct for details).

Mrs. Wrigley, Wrigley's Art Designer, Otis Shepard, and Ann Harnett collaborated to design special uniforms for the League.

Ann Harnett, Chicago softball star and the first girl to sign a contract with the league, became a model for the new uniforms.

The one-piece short-skirted flared tunic was fashioned after the figure skating, field hockey, and tennis costumes of the period.

Satin shorts, knee-high baseball socks and baseball hat completed the uniform.

Each city had a different colored uniform and its own symbolic patch decorated the front of the uniform.

The League Office assigned managers, players and chaperones to teams.

It was their intent to balance the talent on each city's team to make league play highly competitive.

Players were often traded in mid-season to maintain that balance.

League play officially began on May 30, 1943 with South Bend playing in Rockford and Kenosha playing in Racine.

A total of 108 games were played in the regular season, which ran from mid-May to the first of September.

The team to win the most games during the regular season was declared the pennant winner.

The top teams then competed in a series of play-off games to determine the League Champion.

At the end of the 1943 season, the Kenosha Comets played a 5-game series against the Racine Belles for the Championship.

Racine won and became the first World Champions of the All-American Girls Baseball League.

Players Lined up in Their Wartime, Pre-Game "V" for Victory Formation.

(Northern Indiana Center for History Collection)

Assessment of the first year of play was encouraging.

The teams were well received by fans in the four sponsoring cities.

Attendance was tracked at 176,612 fans for the 1943 season.

National League officials, the press and baseball fans across the country were amazed at how well the women played ball and by the enthusiasm and support the teams received in their host cities.

Several factors contributed to this success.

Most of the nation was involved in one way or another in the war effort.

Women, who were formerly homemakers, left their homes to support the war by taking jobs in factories that were converted into making munitions and other military machinery.

This change in the traditional occupation of women made the environment much friendlier for accepting women as professional ball players.

Another factor was the limits the war placed on the American people.

Some foods, luxury items, tires and gasoline were rationed.

People were forced to spend their leisure time close to home.

Going to the ballpark was a popular form of entertainment.

Wrigley also managed to capitalize on the patriotic mood of the country.

America's young men were off fighting for our country, dreaming of t he girls they left behind.

Playing on the Theme of "All-American Girl," he promoted the image that the players were symbols of "the girl next door" in spikes.

At the beginning of each game, the two teams formed a "V" for Victory from home plate down the first and third baselines followed by the playing of the Star Spangled Banner.

The players played an even greater part in displaying patriotism by playing exhibition games to support the Red Cross and the armed forces, as well as visiting wounded veterans at Army Hospitals.

Talent for the league was abundant, and it was soon evident that the women's high caliber of play was going to be the main drawing card for the fans.

May 14 to May 25, 1944, was the time set for the second spring training camp for the AAGPBL.

It was held in Peru, Illinois, and one hundred twenty girls, six managers and all league personnel were housed either at the Peru Hotel or at the St. Francis Hotel in Peru's twin city, LaSalle.

There was access to three diamonds for the camp, swimming pools and a gym.

Ruth Tiffany School was contracted to run the nightly charm school.

The emphasis was to make "bright stars" of each player by integrating a healthy mind and a healthy body.

The arts of walking, sitting, speaking, selecting clothes, applying make-up, and social skills were again part of the program.

The importance of being feminine and projecting the image of "The All-American Girl Next Door," along with outstanding athletic ability, continued to be on the top of Wrigley's list of priorities.

As a result of the success of the League in its first year, civic groups in each of the four cities agreed to finance their own franchises.

This gave Wrigley the opportunity to try his dream of placing the girls' teams in Major League parks.

He, Paul Harper, and Branch Rickey agreed to finance two additional teams to play in American Association ball parks in Minneapolis and Milwaukee.

League scheduling for the 1944 season was structured to play in the minor league stadiums of these two cities during the time periods the men were on road trips.

Former Major League Hall of Famer, Max Carey, became the manager for the newly formed Milwaukee Chicks, and Bubber Jonnard, was chosen to manage the Minneapolis Millerettes.

The two new teams were excited to be playing in American Association League parks.

However, when compared to teams playing in smaller parks in the medium-sized cities of Racine, Kenosha, Rockford, and South Bend, the differences were obvious.

The smaller cities received extensive media support.

Like the men's teams, all the games were reported with articles and box scores and sometimes the papers even ran photographs.

In the large cities, the games were often not even mentioned or received negative publicity.

The fans sat very close to the field and the dugouts and became friendly with the players as individuals in the smaller cities.

In the large stadiums, the distances between the fans and the player did not give the women this advantage.

Even the size of the field itself was a handicap to the women who could not hit the ball over the fences for homeruns.

This sharp contrast between the men playing faster regulation baseball on certain nights, and the women basically playing a modified softball fast pitch on others, did not favor the women.

Even though the larger cities offered a greater population base, there was also a much greater diversity of entertainment opportunities from which people could choose to spend their leisure time.

Attempts to add pre-game entertainment of all kinds, including novel symphony performances, failed to increase attendance.

Another factor in the failure of the Minneapolis and Milwaukee teams may have been Wrigley's decision to "go it alone" in these cities or his inability to recruit local guarantors to subsidize teams there.

In any case, he didn't have the nucleus of leading businessmen in Minneapolis and Milwaukee to support and promote their AAGPBL teams as had been accomplished in the smaller cities.

Early in the 1944 season, it became evident that the war would not force major league baseball to disband, and Wrigley lost interest in the girls' league.

Despite poor attendance in the two American Association parks, overall AAGPBL attendance increased.

After the season, Wrigley sold the League to his Chicago advertising executive, Arthur Meyerhoff.

It was under Meyerhoff that expansion and publicity of the League reached its peak.

On Nov. 15, 1944, Meyerhoff met with representatives from the four original cities and re-organized the League so that each franchise would be governed through a League Board of Directors with representatives from each franchise.

Each club now had a voice in the adoption of rules and regulations and the direction of the sport.

All assets were turned over to the new directors and Wrigley was no longer involved with the league.

Ken Sells resigned as league president and Max Carey was named the new president.

Meyerhoff undertook a rigorous advertising campaign to promote the League in 1945.

Everything was going well with the war and for the League.

Patriotic fans were ensuring the League had a future.

Families were turning out in large numbers at all the ballparks.

The Milwaukee Chicks were picked up by Grand Rapids, Michigan, and the Minneapolis Millerettes went to Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Meyerhoff continued to project the image he and Wrigley had envisioned for these women.

They were now involved deeply in displaying their abilities on the playing field.

The emphasis changed and Charm School was discontinued.

Meyerhoff arranged for the girls to play exhibition games at 13 army camps and veteran hospitals during the last five days of spring training.

The players went into the hospitals and spoke to the wounded soldiers before and after the games.

Players in the League eagerly supported the War effort.

Several of the players had husbands and brothers overseas and many had relatives in the service.

This war effort brought a lot of positive publicity national press to the League.

The All-Americans celebrated the end of World War II on August 14, 1945, at the ballpark.

The war ended but the All-American Girls Professional Ball League was in full swing.

By the end of the season, attendance reached 450,313.

The All-American host cities organized Junior Leagues for young girls 14 years and older.

The teams traveled to exotic locations for spring training: Pascagoula, Mississippi in 1946; Havana, Cuba in 1947; and Opalocka, Florida in 1949.

The rules were modified each year to lengthen infield distances and approve first side-arm pitching (1946) and overhand pitching (1948).

The League acquired franchises for two more teams in Peoria, Illinois and Muskegon, Michigan, and a four-team minor league was established in Chicago as the Chicago Girls Baseball League (CGBL).

Ambitious post-season tours to Cuba and South America were organized as part of a plan to create an International League of Girls Baseball.

The Springfield (Illinois) Sallies and Chicago Colleens were added to the League's roster in 1948 but lost their franchises by the end of that season.

For the next two years the Colleens and Sallies became rookie training teams that played exhibition games and recruited new talent as they toured through the South and East.

Highlights of these tours included contests in Washington, D.C.'s Griffith Park and New York's Yankee Stadium.

In the first three years after World War II, teams often attracted between two and three thousand fans to a single game.

One League highlight occurred when an estimated 10,000 people saw a 1946 Fourth of July double-header in South Bend, Indiana.

The AAGPBL peaked in attendance during the 1948 season, when ten teams attracted 910,000 paid fans.

However, attendance declined in the following years.

One of the reasons for decreasing attendance and a resulting decrease in revenues was the decentralization of the League.

At the end of the 1950 season, team directors voted to purchase the AAGBBL from Arthur Meyerhoff and operate their teams independently.

Max Carey resigned as League President and was replaced by his assistant, Fred Leo.

With no centralized control of publicity, promotion, player procurement, and equalization of player talent, the League began to break down.

Individual team owners' financial circumstances declined and hindered their ability to operate on deficit spending resulting from declining attendance.

The shrinking of the local fan base resulted in part from the rise of other forms of recreation and entertainment and the advent of televised major league games in the early 1950s.

In addition, by this time the All-American game was purely baseball and talented women baseball players were not easy to find.

Talented softball players needed training and experience for success in the All-American baseball game with its longer infield distances, smaller ball, and overhand pitching.

As revenues fell, individual teams were no longer able to support rookie training teams like the Colleens and Sallies, and funds were limited to advertise nationally as a way of recruiting scattered baseball talent.

By 1952, only six teams remained in the league after Kenosha and Peoria were disbanded.

In 1953, the Battle Creek team was relocated to Muskegon, and by the end of the season, it too, folded.

The 1954 season ended with only five teams remaining: Fort Wayne, South Bend, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, and Rockford.

The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League gave over 600 women athletes the opportunity to play professional baseball and to play it at a level never before attained.

The League operated from 1943 to 1954 and represents one of the most unique aspects of our nation's baseball history.

Copyright © 2018 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Players Association, Inc.

(meta data) TITLE: 1952 Rockford Peaches

# All-American Girls Professional Baseball League ®

## All-American Girls Professional Baseball League ®

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League

Back, L-R: Jacquelyn "Jackie" Kelley, Rose Gacioch, Eleanor "Squirt" Callow, Bill Allington (Manager), Marie "Boston" Mansfield, Irene Applegren, Carol Habben, Jean "Buckets" Buckley.

Front, L-R: Dorothy "Snookie" Harrell Doyle, Dorothy "Dottie" Key, Dolores "Pickles" Lee, Joan Berger, Dorothy Green (Chaperone), Alice Pollitt Deschaine, Ruth "Richie" Richard, Helen "Nordie" Nordquist, Migdalia "Mickey" Perez Jinright

Absent from photo: Beverly Steuart and Charlene Hawes (Bat Girl) .

# 1952 Rockford PeachesPlayers, Managers, Coaches & Chaperones

## Margaret Alice Pollitt Deschaine (Al)

While the Korean War raged thousands of miles away, Armstrong and her teammates packed minor league ballparks and lifted war-weary spirits through the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Armstrong found that out firsthand when she and some of her high school teammates organized their own team. The manager of one of the teams they played offered her a spot on the Garfield Flashettes of New Jersey. She accepted and soon learned that he was a scout for the AAGPBL. After that Armstrong attended a try out, which was a success, and was a signed a contract. For her labor, she earned $200 a week with room and board taken care of by the team, because the girls stayed with families during the regular season. Armstrong entered the league in 1952 with the Rockford Peaches, pitching for them in that season while she was still in high school. She posted a 4-1 record in six starts and three relief appearances. Managed by Bill Allington, the Peaches featured top-notch players as Eleanor Callow, Rose Gacioch, Carol Habben, Alice Pollitt and Ruth Richard.