It has been a part of the university's Founders' Celebration every November since 2011, when it was created to replace its predecessor, FallFest.

(meta data) TITLE: 3,000 Turn Out for Hullabaloo - UCSD Guardian

This number is based on the number of wristbands distributed since there is no official count, said Associate Vice President of A.S. Concerts and Events Oliver Zhang.

In comparison, over 5,600 students turned out last year for FallFest, UCSD's traditional Fall Quarter event that Hullabaloo has since replaced.

Due to budget cuts, A.S. Council cut the FallFest budget from $135,000 to $62,500.

ASCE then decided to rename and rebrand the event so students would not be disappointed by a financially restricted FallFest.

Unlike FallFest, which centered around music performers, Hullabaloo focused on creating a carnival atmosphere with rides and food trucks.

"Regardless of the budget cut, we would have had to reinvent FallFest anyways," Zhang said.

"Going through this experience and dealing with such a drastic budget cut for what's usually our second largest event of the year … has prepared our staff — especially the festivals team — to create an even better Sun God in the future."Elizabeth, a junior who wished to remain anonymous, said that she found the event more enjoyable than FallFest, but was still disappointed by the rides.

"I kind of arrived there pretty late because I was trying to avoid the crowds," she said.

"When I got there, I got signed in and got my wristband, and I was trying to get on the zipper ride, but the cut-off point was 10:30.

I was really disappointed because the event was supposed to end at midnight."

Musicians and DJs such as Felix Cartal, Jokers of the Scene and DJ Philly performed at the concert at Town Square.

Food trucks such as Corner Cupcakes, Flippin Pizza, Tabe BBQ and Super Q were open throughout the night.

"I felt like I wasn't able to experience the whole experience of Hullabaloo," Elizabeth said.

"I didn't enjoy the music, not that I don't like that kind of music …

I liked it more than FallFest just because it offered the carnival ride experience, but the cut-off was too early."

Eleanor Roosevelt College freshman Krystal Tse, who arrived at Hullabaloo at around 6 p.m., said the festival compared favorably to her experience at Marshallpalooza — an annual event hosted by Thurgood Marshall Student Council which took place the day before, on Nov. 17.

"Compared to [Marshallpalooza], there weren't that many rides, but the music was better than yesterday's," Tse said.

The festival staff did not run into any safety problems, and Zhang said administrators have been supportive of the event.

"That really cements the fact that there's going to be a lot of support for the event next year," Zhang said.

"And I think there's a lot of room to expand out, so I'm really excited that the next year's staff can carry it on and improve upon the festival."

Davis Police Pepper Spray Student ProtestersQuicktakes-Stop Online Piracy Act

Hullabaloo is an annual campus music festival at the University of California San Diego.


The Festival has seen an increase of premieres and commissions in recent years due to the importance the current Music Director Donald Runnicles places on new works.

World premiere of Stephen Paulus concerto Aug. 14-15 at Grand Teton Music Festival - Wyoming Arts Council

## World premiere of Stephen Paulus concerto Aug. 14-15 at Grand Teton Music Festival

From a Grand Teton Music Festival press release:Grand Teton Music Festival steps onto the world's musical stage this week with the unveiling of a brand-new musical work commissioned by — and written for — the Festival by Minnesota-based American composer Stephen Paulus.

This world premiere features longtime Festival friend and cellist Lynn Harrell alongside the Festival Orchestra with Music Director Donald Runnicles conducting in the Festival's acoustic home, Walk Festival Hall in Teton Village.

These Festival Orchestra concerts take place at 8 p.m. Friday, August 14, and Saturday, August 15.

Accessible, engaging, and fresh, Mr. Paulus will be in residence the final week of the Festival for events that explore the connection between the modern-day composer and our society, find out what it means to create new classical music, and introduce us to his music, written especially for the Grand Teton Music Festival.

What can audiences expect from the commission?"Stephen has a gloriously lyrical and colorful style which speaks to orchestra and audience immediately.

After being enormously impressed by his Violin Concerto that we featured at the Festival a couple of seasons ago I was eager to bring Stephen together with Lynn Harrell in order to create a new Cello Concerto," explains Music Director Donald Runnicles.

Mr. Harrell also expressed great enthusiasm for Paulus's new music, exclaiming, "Playing this new concerto is like a revitalization of

world premiere of this new work is not only an exciting way for the Grand Teton Music Festival to close its 2009 summer season, but it also makes a bold statement about the Festival's vision for the future.

Music Director Donald Runnicles eloquently put this achievement into context: "It is important and exciting for the Grand Teton Music Festival to not only bring to life the masterworks of our tradition, but also to play a role in the creation of new music for future audiences."

For tickets and information, call 307-733-1128 or visit http://www.gtmf.org/

According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2014, there were 11,451 jobs devoted to our state's creative sector, which is 30% above the national average and second only to New York.

The Arts contributed $763.6 billion to the U.S. economy in 2015, 4.2 percent of GDP and counted 4.9 million workers, who earned $372 billion in total compensation.


"Boss" is a dance-pop, hip hop and R&B song.

(meta data) TITLE: Fifth Harmony Hit Us Like A 'Sledgehammer' With New Single Announcement - MTV

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2014-10-23 23:54

# Fifth Harmony Hit Us Like A 'Sledgehammer' With New Single Announcement

The second single off Reflection is almost here.

Fifth Harmony have been on their Michelle Obama ish for a minute, and their latest announcement just confirms their boss status.

Via a livestream earlier tonight (October 23), they confirmed that the next single off their debut studio album, Reflection, is called "Sledgehammer"!

"If you take my pulse right now, it would feel just like a sledgehammer," the divas shout throughout the chorus.

"If you could feel my heart beat now it would hit you like a sledgehammer."

"Sledgehammer" takes on a fun pop vibe, vastly different from the girls' hip-hop banger "Bo$$" and last year's "Miss Movin' On."

It's about the kind of love that just can't be contained and forces you to let go.

Though the girls confirmed this will be their next single, an iTunes release date for the track has not been announced.

5H are big contenders at this year's MTV EMAs, and they won their first VMA earlier this year in the Artist To Watch category.

They recently won the vote for Best U.S. Act and are up against Justin Bieber for the Worldwide Act category.

Harmonizers can vote now to help push the group to the top.

Fans can also catch the act performing alongside the likes of Nick Jonas and Jake Miller during the EMA kickoff special, happening live from Miami's Klipsch Amphitheater at 7:00 p.m. ET/PT on November 9.


They toured in 2006, with William DuVall taking over as lead vocalist full-time.

(meta data) TITLE: It's 'Too Early' To Talk About New Music From Alice In Chains, Says William Duvall - Blabbermouth.net

# It's 'Too Early' To Talk About New Music From ALICE IN CHAINS, Says WILLIAM DUVALL

ALICE IN CHAINS singer/guitarist William DuVall says that it's "too early" to talk about the band's new music, despite the fact that it's been more than three years since the release of their last studio album.

"The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" came out in 2013 was the band's second disc with DuVall, who joined in 2006 following the 2002 death of original vocalist Layne Staley.

Asked if ALICE IN CHAINS has been recording any new material, DuVall told Meltdown of the WRIF radio station in Detroit, Michigan on Wednesday (June 22), the day before AIC's show with GUNS N' ROSES in the city: "I don't know.

I know we'll be probably talking about that kind of thing over the next few months.

We've gotta get through this tour first."

William also talked about ALICE IN CHAINS' songwriting process and how it has evolved over the years.

He said: "We make a habit of kind of starting pretty much with a clean slate every time we've gone in.

And that challenges you, so we'll have to see how it manifests this time.

ALICE IN CHAINS recently announced the second leg of their North American headlining tour, adding Austin, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, San Antonio and more to a run that begins with five arena shows with GUNS N' ROSES on June 23.

The tour includes a second New York City date on July 26 following the immediate sell-out of their July 25 show at the Beacon Theatre.

Speaking about the GUNS N' ROSES-ALICE IN CHAINS pairing, DuVall said: "They call the tour 'Not In This Lifetime' for a reason, right? 'Cause they never thought it would happen.

So we were very excited just even hearing that it was gonna happen, let alone getting to join 'em for part of it."

Regarding how ALICE IN CHAINS came to do the GUNS N ROSES shows, William said: "There's a friendship there and a lot of mutual respect over a number of years.

We love Duff [McKagan] and Slash, and we were just glad for them that this happened.

And, of course, Axl [Rose] is sounding better than ever.

We did the first two gigs back at the T-Mobile Arena in Vegas a couple of months ago, so it was a natural fit that we would join them on the stadium leg as well."

Asked if he got a chance to check out the GUNS N' ROSES gigs in Las Vegas when ALICE IN CHAINS played with the Axl Rose-fronted outfit back in April, DuVall said: "It was really cool getting to do our gig and then getting to kind of fanboy out a little bit.

To still get to be a fan at this stage of the game is one of the most fun things about this whole gig, man.

You can watch guys who are kind of your friends, but you also still really admire them as well, and you get to see them do their thing.

So, yeah, man, we were standing right there, stage front, and watching them get down, and it was awesome."

"The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" came out in 2013 and sold 62,000 copies in its first week of release.

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MAYNARD JAMES KEENAN Weighs In On JUSTIN BIEBER's TOOL Fandom: 'Bummer'

SEVENDUST To Record New Album In October

DISTURBED's DAVID DRAIMAN Says ROGER WATERS Is 'Full Of S**t': 'He's Rewriting His Own History'

PUDDLE OF MUDD To Release 'Welcome To Galvania' Album In September; 'Uh Oh' Single Available

LORDI: 'Devil Is A Loser' Performance Clip From 'Recordead Live - Sextourcism In Z7' DVD

#### VICTIMSThe Horse and Sparrow Theory

#### HOWLING SYCAMORESeven Pathways to Annihilation

Alice in Chains rose to international fame as part of the grunge movement of the early 1990s, along with other Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden. The band was one of the most successful music acts of the 1990s, selling over 30 million records worldwide, and over 14 million records in the US alone, with two No. 1 albums and six Top 10 albums on the "Billboard 200" chart. The band has had 18 Top 10 songs on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, 5 No. 1 hits, and 11 Grammy Award nominations. Their debut album, "Facelift", featuring the hit single "Man in the Box", was released in 1990 and has been certified double-platinum by the RIAA, selling over two million copies. In 1992, the band's second album, "Dirt", was released to critical acclaim and was certified quadruple platinum. Their second acoustic EP, "Jar of Flies", debuted at No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200 chart in 1994, becoming the first ever EP and first Alice in Chains release to top the charts, and it has been certified triple platinum. The band's third album, "Alice in Chains" debuted at No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200 in 1995 and is certified double platinum. Although never officially disbanding, Alice in Chains was plagued by extended inactivity from 1996 onwards due to Staley's substance abuse, which resulted in his death in 2002. The band reunited in 2005 for a live benefit show, performing with a number of guest vocalists.


It aired on March 4, 2019, in Australia and launched worldwide on Netflix on March 6, 2019.

(meta data) TITLE: Secret City Season 2 Coming to Netflix in March 2019 - What's on Netflix

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/whatsonnetflix/

What's on Netflix > Netflix News > Secret City Season 2 Coming to Netflix in March 2019

# Secret City Season 2 Coming to Netflix in March 2019

by Kasey Moore @kasey__moore on February 6, 2019, 4:52 pm EST

The Australia series Secret City is set to return to Netflix in March 2019 with six brand new episodes.

The series will come completely to Netflix while new episodes will air in Australia weekly.

It may seem two minutes ago we got the first season of the Australia political thriller and that's because all six episodes of season 1 dropped on Netflix in June 2018.

That's because Netflix picked up the series two years after its first season actually aired in Australia on Foxtel.

As we said soon after the release, the second season was due to be released in Australia in early 2019 and that time has now come but what we weren't expecting is how quickly it'd drop on Netflix.

Season 2 is currently due out on Netflix around the world (excluding Australia) on March 6th, 2019 as announced via the Netflix page for the show.

Secret city season 2 release date on Netflix.com

#### Are all episodes releasing at once?

Foxtel will be airing episodes weekly in Australia from March 4th but is also taking a Netflix-like approach by releasing all the episodes on its own streaming service on March 4th too.

That's how Netflix is able to then get all six episodes of season 2 a couple of days later.

#### When will Secret City season 2 be on Netflix in Australia?

Don't expect season 2 of Secret City to be on Netflix in Australia until at least the end of 2019.

Foxtel really wants you to get a Foxtel Now subscription so that's the best way to stream all the episodes.

#### What to expect in season 2 of Secret City

The series is now on its own path as it has departed from the original books the show is based on.

The series has been filmed once again at Parliament House.

Returning for season 2 is "Danielle Cormack (Wentworth), Don Hany (East West 101), Rob Collins (Cleverman), Andrew McFarlane (The Sullivans), Marcus Graham (Cleverman), Sacha Horler (The Letdown) and Joel Tobeck (Tangle)."

Are you looking forward to the return of Secret City on Netflix?

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"Secret City" is an Australian political thriller set in a world of secrets, lies, murder and betrayal, based on the best-selling novels "The Marmalade Files","The Mandarin Code" and "The Shadow Game" by Chris Uhlmann and Steve Lewis. It premiered on Foxtel's Showcase in June 5, 2016 and on Netflix, internationally, on June 26, 2018. The series is produced by Matchbox Pictures and Foxtel. A sequel to the series called "Secret City: Under the Eagle" was green-lit in February 2018.


By comparison, a Canadian nickel (which is primarily made of steel) still costs less than its face value to produce as of 2013.

(meta data) TITLE: Royal Canadian Mint sees gold in the penny's demise - The Globe and Mail

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2018-05-11T07:10:07.053Z

# Royal Canadian Mint sees gold in the penny's demise

A handful of pennies in Toronto, March 29, 2012.

Tavia Grant Published February 3, 2013 Updated May 11, 2018 Comments

The end of the penny has given the Royal Canadian Mint 20 per cent more capacity, and it plans to put it to use producing other countries' coins.

The Mint struck its final penny last May after the federal government announced it would kill the coin as a cost-saving measure.

Monday marks beginning of the penny's phase-out as the Mint will stop distributing them to retailers and banks.

So it's circulating a new growth strategy.

The Mint already has about 10-per-cent share in the global coin market "and our goal is to increase that to 15 per cent by 2020," chief operating officer Beverley Lepine said in an interview from Berlin, where she is attending the 2013 World Money Fair.

The 105-year-old Mint has been making coins for other countries for more than three decades.

In 2000, it introduced a new plated steel technology that it says makes coins cheaper to produce, harder to counterfeit and more durable.

Since then, 30 countries including Botswana, Panama, New Zealand, Oman, Ethiopia, Barbados and Fiji have signed contracts to have multi-ply plated steel circulation coins made in Canada.

The Crown corporation – whose stated vision is to be the best mint in the world – is the world's largest commercial mint as measured by revenue, profit and number of employees, Ms. Lepine said.

(Other countries, including the United States, have larger mints but they don't have a commercial mandate.)

Foreign business accounts for about 12 per cent of the Mint's total revenue, with most of its sales generated by its bullion business.

There are about 48 mints in the world, and about a dozen of those, such as the Dutch and Finnish mints, are also vying to win more global business.

The Canadian mint is expanding its Winnipeg coin-plating facility, a move that will boost capacity by 50 per cent as it bids to attract more overseas customers.

And it is set to open a research-and-development centre, and offer training to staff from other mints on coin production and boosting productivity.

It has already trained people from China and the Philippines and has interest from other countries "that can't meet capacity demands and want their mint to be more productive," Ms. Lepine said.

The federal government killed the penny in part because each one-cent coin cost 1.6 cents to make.

But all the other Canadian circulation coins the Mint makes – from the nickel to the $2 coin – cost less than their face value to produce and distribute, said spokesman Alexandre Reeves.

High commodity prices are a key concern.

"Record precious metal prices remain the biggest challenge for the business line," the Mint said in its last annual report.

The Mint's Winnipeg plant makes more than 1 billion coins for circulation a year, with the capacity to make 750 per second.

The end of the one-cent coin in Canada has prompted debate among other countries – including the U.S. and the U.K. – over whether they should follow suit.

And the excess capacity stemming from the penny's demise could also go towards ramping up production of other Canadian denominations if needed, Mr. Reeves said.

Since 1908, the Mint has made 35 billion pennies which, it says, would circle the earth 16 times if placed side by side.

From penny art to penny cufflinks to penny science projects: Readers keeping the coin alive

Retailers, banks and shoppers adjust to life without the penny Four things consumers should know on the penny's last day Many merchants not ready for loss of penny, survey finds With penny on death row, will nickel be next to go?

Demise of one-cent coin to cost taxpayers a pretty penny

Follow Tavia Grant on Twitter @taviagrant

Report an error Editorial code of conduct Comments

Jefferson nickel (1938–present).:Increase in metal values.

In the first decade of the 21st century, commodity prices for copper and nickel, which make up the five-cent coin, rose dramatically, pushing the cost of manufacturing a nickel from 3.46 cents in fiscal year 2003 to 10.09 cents in fiscal year 2012.


The pattern of encephalization started with "Homo habilis" which at approximately 600 cm (37 cu in) had a brain slightly larger than chimpanzees, and continued with "Homo erectus" (800–1,100 cm (49–67 cu in)), and reached a maximum in Neanderthals with an average size of  1,200–1,900 cm (73–116 cu in), larger even than "Homo sapiens" (but less encephalized).

(meta data) TITLE: Homo neanderthalensis - H. neanderthalensis is a widely known but poorly understood hominid ancestor.

The beginning of paleoanthropology as a scientific discipline began on an August day in 1856.

On that day the specimen that was to become known as Neanderthal 1 was discovered in the Feldhofer grotto, in the Neander Valley, Germany.

The material was found in a limestone quarry near the city of Düsseldorf.

The material recovered consisted of a skull cap, two femora, the three right arm bones, two of the left arm bones, part of the left ilium, and fragments of a scapula and ribs.

These fossils were recovered by the quarry workers and set aside to be given to a local teacher and amateur naturalist, Johann Karl Fuhlrott.

Fuhlrott suspected that these bones represented unique pieces of the human past, and left the description of the material to anatomist Hermann Schaaffhausen.

The find was announced jointly in 1857, two years before Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

While this find was the beginning of paleoanthropology, it was also the beginning of a long debate that is just a vigorous today as it was a hundred years ago.

German scientist R. Virchow claimed that it was the skeleton of a diseased Cossack cavalryman, with thick browridges developed from constantly furrowing his brow in pain.

Even when the validity of remains attributed to Neanderthal were no longer in such question, the description of Neanderthals was still full of controversy.

M. Boule and H. Vallois were the most prominent of those who believed that Neanderthals had no place in modern ancestry.

These two supported the idea that Neanderthals were more apelike than human, were of simian intelligence, and walked in an apelike gait.

These perceptions were based on both the misinterpretation of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints specimen as typic of the species (this species was an older individual with chronic arthritis throughout its body), and on the prejudices of these researchers, who refused to accept any evidence that related Neanderthals closely to modern Europeans.

The Feldhofer remains were not the first Neanderthal remains discovered, but the first one recognized as belonging to a separate species.

The Engis child from Belgium was the first Neanderthal discovered, in 1829, and the second discovered was the Forbes Quarry find from Gibralter in 1848.

The species name ofneanderthalensis comes from William King, who first named the species in 1863 at a meeting of the British Association, and put it into print in the Quarterly Journal of Science in 1864.

This species is the focus of more argument among the academia of paleoanthropology than any other.

Today, most researchers follow a multiregional view which has the European Neanderthals interbreeding and being absorbed by invading populations, or to have been marginalized by invading Homo sapiens until they died out, leaving no genetic legacy to modern humans.

There are some (C.L. Brace most prominently) that think that the Neanderthals evolved in place into modern Europeans with little or no genetic influx from African populations, but few accept this argument.

Currently, the pendulum has swung to general support for the Out of Africa II model of people like C.B. Stringer, especially in the public.

However, current research is cutting both ways, with sites such as Vindija and Lagar Velho seemingly giving support to Neanderthal assimilation models.

Also, there is much research into the genetics of Neanderthals versus modern humans, most of which point to a 700 kyr separation of the two species.

However, these genetic studies are seriously flawed, and newer studies that are theoretically sound need to be conducted before the results are taken as true.

The Neanderthals were a very distinct group from earlier, later, and contemporary populations.

They possessed several traits that have been used either as indicators of Neanderthal ancestry, or as autapomorphic Neanderthal traits.

Many of these traits are not autapomorphies, but are positioned differently in Neanderthals relative to other populations, and probably cannot be used to distinguish the European Neanderthals as anything more than a population that may or not belong to earlier or contemporaneous demes.

In 1978 A.P. Santa Luca published an extensive study of Neanderthal traits and came to the conclusion that there were four Neanderthal autapomorphies which could be used to distinguish Neanderthals from contemporary sapiens populations.

A mastoid crest located behind the external auditory meatus.

A juxtamastoid eminence located behind the mastoid crest, and often larger than the mastoid process.

An occipital torus (a horizontal occipital torus with uniform vertical dimensions with little occipital protuberance).

Santa Luca applied these criteria to most of the Neanderthal-like specimens that were known at the time and attributed specimens to Neanderthal or not based on these traits.

His analysis seemed to exclude the Eastern Asian and African specimens (Maba, Ngandong, Jebel Irhoud, Kabwe, etc.) from being attributed to H. neanderthalensis, while including the some of the West Asian and European specimens (Shanidar, Amud, Tabun, Kebara, etc.) as Neanderthal.

In Santa Luca's designation, the controversial Qafzeh and Skhul sites were firmly placed out of the Neanderthal range.

Neanderthals show a very distinctive craniofacial morphology relative to modern human populations.

The Neanderthal face, in particular, is distinctly different from anything that came before or after.

This fact has often been touted as evidence that the Neanderthals were a divergent outgroup that left no genetic heritage to modern human populations.

The Neanderthal face is distinctive for its significant midfacial prognathism.

Features involved in this prognathism include a very anterior midface, retreated zygomatics, anterior position of the dentition, and the anterior position of the nasal aperture.

Evidence that the zygomatics have retreated is seen in that pre-Neanderthals have the M1 at the root of the zygomatic, with Neanderthals having the M3 at the root of the zygomatic, even though there has been some decrease in mandibular robusticity and postcanine tooth size.

Some of the features that can be used to distinguish Neanderthals from modern humans (but not from earlier or conteporary populations) include:

The supraorbital torus projects at midline.

Presence of a retromolar space (also distinguishes them from earlier hominids).

Retreating mandibular symphysis (no mental eminence).

Larger cranial capacity (but due to larger body size, Neanderthals are less encephalized than modern humans).

Another trait that is being looked at currently as a way of distinguishing Neanderthals in the inner ear morphology.

Researchers like Hublin and Spoor are trying to determine if the Neanderthals had a unique inner ear morphology that can be used as a Neanderthal autapomorhpy.

The diagrams below show the difference between modern humans, Neanderthals, and chimpanzees.

When comparing the values of S/I, humans generally have a value close to 1, chimpanzees have values greater than 1, and Neanderthals have values less than 1.

The range of traits in Neanderthals is ver broad, and specimens can be looked at in three groups: early Neanderthals (approximately 250 kyr to 130 kyr), the Neanderthals that existed during the transition to the Upper Paleolithic (approximately 130 kyr to 45 kyr), and the late surviving Neanderthals ( after 45 kyr).

The traits that make up each group will be discussed, along with this will be descriptions of some specific specimens.

As always in the anagenesis of one species into another, there is a "fuzzy" area which prevents the pinning down a a date when "A" became "B".

In the case of heidelbergensis to neanderthalensis, this boundary seems to have the Neanderthals first appearing between 250 kyr to 200 kyr.

The specimens that can be attributed as some of the earlier Neanderthals include material from Pontnewydd Cave, Vértesszöllos, Ehringsdorf, Casal de'Pazzi, Biache, La Chaise, Montmaurin, Prince, Lazaret, Fontéchevade, and possibly the very latest material from Atapuerca.

The material from Pontnewydd Cave, Wales, consists of small bits of a mandible and maxilla that may represent an eight-year-old child and an isolated molar from a near-adult or adult individual.

This material has been dated by U-series dating, thermoluminescence (TL) dating, and by the associated faunal remains to approximately 251 kyr to 195 kyr.

However, these dates are quite likely too old, as the material may have been washed into the cave at a later time.

The features of the fragmentary remains that links them to Neanderthals include the dominant buccal cusp of the P3 and the taurodontism of the postcanine teeth.

The site of Vértesszöllos, Hungary, is also not very securely dated.

The site was originally dated by thorium/uranium dating and association with microfauna to the 400 kyr range, but U-series dating has suggested a much younger date of 225 kyr to 185 kyr.

However, the stratigraphy of the sites makes the dating of any of these methods with accuracy to the date of the skeletal material as unlikely, so the real date may be earlier or later.

The remains of two individuals come from the site, a child approximately seven-years-old that is represented by fragments of a deciduous canine, a molar, and a permanent molar, and an adult that is represented by most of an occipital bone.

The teeth are very similar to the Zhoukoudian material from China, and the cranial fragment has a Neanderthal-like occipital bun, but the bun is attained by cranial thickening, which is unlike the later Neanderthals.

The cranial fragments gives an estimated cranial capacity of 1300 cc.

The material has been attributed to erectus, heidelbergensis, and neanderthalensis by different researchers.

The material from Ehrinsdorf comes from the Fischer and Kämpfe quarries that are near the city.

The material has been dated to 205 kyr by U-series dating and to 200 kyr by ESR dating, giving a fairly secure date for the material.

The hominid remains consists of a neurocranium and partial endocast, an adult and an adolescent mandible, four parietal bones, a femoral shaft, as well as some associated teeth and postcrania.

The Ehringsdorf H vault has been reconstructed at least three times since the material was discovered in 1925, by F. Weidenreich, O. Kleinschmidt, and E. Vlcek.

The most Neanderthal-like reconstruction was done by Kleinschmidt, and the least Neanderthal-like was done by Weidenreich.

However, no matter which reconstruction is used, the material shows many traits linking it to later Neanderthals, not least of which is the large brain size (1450 cc for a female).

Ehringsdorf is likely the earliest unquestionable Neanderthal site.

The material from Biache-Saint-Vaast, France, consists of two partial crania, a maxilla and cranial rear of a female individual, and parts of the splanchnocranium and cranial vault of a male.

The site is dated to an estimated 196 kyr to 159 kyr.

A brain size of 1200 cc. has been estimated for the female crania.

While some features such as the small brain size seem to link these specimens to the Swanscombe cranium, it shows many more affinities with later Neanderthals, including:

Very small mastoids which do not project below the cranial base.

A circular cranial contour when seen from the rear.

A lateral maxillary incisor with large marginal ridges, a tubercle, and a well-developed labial crown convexity.

The material from the Bourdeois-Delaunay Cavern at La Chaise has been dated by thorium/uranium dating to approximately 151 kyr.

The material from this site consists of a partial fragmentary cranium and mandible, and some other fragments and teeth.

There are also specimens from the Suard Cave at La Chaise that are uncertainly dated to the same time period.

These remains consist of a large portion of a cranial vault, an occipital bone, a child's mandible, as well as other fragments and associated teeth.

The features that can be distinguished about the material seems to link these specimens most closely to the Biache hominids.

The material from Fontéchevade was once a central piece of evidence to the discredited "pre-sapiens" theory of human evolution.

The material from Fontéchevade consists of several cranial fragments from different individuals.

Fontéchevade 1 was claimed to lack the thick browridges of Neanderthals by Vallois, but this specimen is that of a juvenile, and the brows would likely have thickened much in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Also, Fontéchevade 2 was said to also show no strongly-developed browridge, but this specimen was missing nearly all of the face and browridge region.

The specimen also shows a shallow sulcus and the back of the top of a supraorbital on the right lateral side, meaning it most likely had Neanderthal-like browridges.

Fontéchevade has given as estimate of 1350 cc for brain size.

The next rough grouping of Neanderthal specimens contains those specimens that date to the Late Pleistocene, between approximately 130 kyr to 45 kyr.

These include many of the "classic" Neanderthals, as well as many of the better known specimens.

Sites which are included in this group are: Krapina, Saccopastore, Malarnaud, Altamura, Gánovce, Denisova, Okladnikov, Pech de l'Azé, Tabun, Kebara, Régourdou, Mt. Circeo, La Ferrassie, Combe Grenal, La Chapelle, Amud, Shanidar, Teshik-Tash, and Feldhofer.

The material from Krapina Cave, Croatia, was first discovered in 1899 by K. Gorjanovic-Kramberger.

The material from this site is the largest sample of Neanderthals ever found, and is one of the largest fossil hominid samples ever found.

There are more than 850 human fossils from more than eighty individuals at the site , most of whom died between the ages of sixteen and twenty-four years.

This material has been dated to approximately 130 kyr.

Many of the remains show evidence of butchery, and many of these remains may be the result of cannibalism, as also evidenced by the presence of concoidal scars, and the lack of carnivore tooth marks.

While the crania that have been reconstructed show some differences from the classic Neanderthal anatomy, and from the Near East Neanderthals, several features clearly link the crania as Neanderthal, including:

Broad, shallow temporal fossae with a low anterior articular face.

Prominent continuous supraorbitals with large frontal sinuses restricted to them.

Receding foreheads with frontal bossing.

Columnar outer orbital margins in a lateral orientation.

A broad upper nasal region lacking any depression at the nasal root.

The Saccopastore material from the Saccopastore quarry in Rome, Italy, consist of one fairly complete adult female cranium (Saccopastore 1), and a less complete male cranium (Saccopastore 2).

These specimens were found at different times by different people, and have been dated to approximately 120 kyr, nearly contemporary with the Krapina specimens.

The female specimen had given an estimated brain size of 1245 cc, and the male has been estimated at 1300 cc.

While these specimens are undeniably Neanderthal, they do show some differences from the Neanderthals from more northenly sites such as La Ferrassie and Le Chapelle-aux-Saints in France.

These differences from the classic Neanderthal anatomy include:

A lesser magnitude of middle face projection.

More anterior orientation and greater curvature for the cheeks.

The material from the cave in Teshik-Tash, in the mountains of Uzbekistan, consists of the nearly complete cranium of an eight to nine-year-old child, likely male, as well as many postcranial elements, including one neck vertebra, several ribs, a humerus, the clavicles, a femur, a tibia, and one fibula.

The site is very important in that it is likely one of the earliest instances of purposeful burial, and has been dated to approximately 70 kyr.

The skeleton was surrounded by what seems to be purposefully arranged Siberian ibex (a wild goat) skulls.

Also, these faunal remains may be indicative of purposeful hunting, as there are few carnivore bones, and the many goat bones show little to no signs of carnivore activity.

While this specimen is that of a young juvenile, he had developed several traits that clearly link it to European Neanderthals.

A large cranial capacity of approximately 1500 cc.

The material from Kebara Cave, Israel, was discovered in several phases of excavations.

The first hominid found was the fragmentary remains of an infant (Kebara 1), and in 1983, the better known Kebara 2 specimen was recovered.

This material has been dated by both thermoluminescence and ESR dating to approximately 60 kyr.

The Kebara 2 specimen consists of the upper part of a male postcranial skeleton, as well as a mandible, a hyoid, and a single M3.

The Kebara 2 specimen is one of the few complete pelves known between the australopithecines and modern humans, however, as with just about every complete fossil pelvis that is currently known, it is from a male individual.

The Kebara 2 individual is estimated to have stood about 173 cm tall, and to have weight approximately 76 kg, significantly smaller than estimates for European Neanderthal specimens of similar height, such as La Ferrassie.

The recovery of the hyoid bone was a very important find, as it disproved earlier theories that Neanderthals and other pre-sapiens hominids were incapable of speech due to the lack of a hyoid.

Neanderthals did possess a hyoid, and this scenario of speechlessness based on this bone was discredited.

The individual was between the ages of 25 and 35 when he died, and he can be securely attributed to Neanderthals based on the several features, including the presence of a retromolar space, an the lack of a mental eminence.

The material from Amud Cave, Israel, consist of the fragmentary remains of a male, along with 15 other specimens, two-thirds of which are children or infants.

This material has been dated by thermoluminescence to approximately 45 kyr to 47 kyr.

Amud 1 is the most complete specimen, consisting of just about the entire cranium, with most of the postcrania present.

This individual was a male, died in his mid 20s, was approximately 174 cm tall, and has the largest cranial capacity of any Levant hominid at 1740 cc.

While these remains are clearly Neanderthal, these specimens show more affinity to the Shanidar Neanderthals rather than the "classic" European Neanderthals.

For example, when compared to the European Neanderthals and the Skhul H. sapiens, the Amud material actually shows greater affinity to the sapiens of Skhul than to the European Neanderthals.

The Shanidar Cave, in the Zagros Mountains of Iraq, is also the site of a well-preserved Neanderthal sample.

The sample consists of two groups from two different time periods, the earlier group has been dated to approximately 60 kyr, and a later group that has been estimated to date to approximately 46 kyr.

The two samples consist of the remains of nine individuals, two children and seven adults.

The Shanidar specimens are the focus of some debate over the possibility that flowers were laid over the grave.

Many researchers hold doubts to the validity of this claim, saying that the researchers that led the excavation might have carried pollen in accidentally with them.

However, D. Frayer has pointed out that the pollen was from late spring/early summer flowers, and the excavation was conducted in August, so the debate is likely to rage on.

The early group consists of Shanidar 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and the later group consists of Shanidar 1, 3, and 5.

An early Neanderthal find whose description led to several unfortunate outcomes is that of La Chapelle-aux-Saints.

This specimen was discovered by monks during construction of an abbey in 1908, and the remains were sent to M. Boule, who proceeded to describe the specimen as the "typical" Neanderthal, thus leading to the description of "classic" Neanderthal features.

However, Neanderthals are a highly variable species, and La Chapelle-aux-Saints shows many of the most extreme degree of the Neanderthal features.

Also, Boule used the state of the fossil to construct an image of Neanderthals as ape-like primitive creatures, which could not possibly be related to humans.

Beyond Boule's prejudices regarding the pattern of human evolution, the fact that the specimen was that of an arthritic "old man" (aged at between 40 and 50 years of age), which further skewed the description of Neanderthals as a species.

This specimen has all the traits of the "classic" Neanderthal, for example, the large brain size (1625 cc), the heavy supraorbital torus, etc.

This specimen is dated to approximately 50 kyr.

Another early discovery of Neanderthal remains came in 1909, when the remains from La Ferrassie were first uncovered.

This site is dated to approximately 50 kyr, and has yielded the remains of seven individuals.

The best known is La Ferrassie 1, the nearly complete skeleton of a middle-aged male Neanderthal, also discovered was a fairly complete adult female specimen, and five juvenile specimens ranging from prenatal to ten years of age.

The remains seem to have been purposely buried.

The La Ferrassie 1 specimen (along with La Chapelle-aux-Saints) founded the description of the "classic" Neanderthal anatomy, with such features as:

The base of the skull is wider than the top of the skull.

The late surviving Neanderthal sites have started to become better known in recent years, and new discoveries and new dating have clouded the supposedly clear picture of replacement of Neanderthals by incoming H. sapiens populations.

This is an exciting field of research at the moment, and only time will tell which evolutionary model os better born out by the evidence.

Sites of late surviving Neanderthals are those that date to after 45 kyr, and especially those dating to after 35 kyr.

Sites that are on that list include: La Quina, Zafarraya, Hortus, Vindija, Kulna, Šipka, Saint Césaire, Arcy-Sur-Cure, Bacho Kiro, El Castillo, Bñnolas, Devil's Tower, and Le Moustier.

The cave site at l'Horus in southern France has yielded about 50 hominid fragments which date to the latest part of Würm II.

Most of the remains are pieces of jawas and teeth, but there are some cranial fragments and postcranial remains mixed in as well.

These remains have been claimed as evidence that the late Neanderthals were not evolving towards the modern human condition, but have also been used to claim that they were evolving in the modern human condition.

What can be said is the remains show several Neanderthal features (e.g., a poorly developed mental eminence), but also show soe reduction in the anterior dentition relative to earlier Neanderthals.

The material has been interpreted as the remains left in a hyena den.

The site of Vindija is becoming a very important site in the debate over assimilation versus replacement of the Neanderthals.

There are several layers to the site, and the material in them dates from 42 kyr to as late as 32 kyr in the upper layers.

The Vindija hominids have been put forth as a population that derives from both Neanderthal and incoming sapiens populations, or an influx of gene flow into the Neanderthal populations of Europe.

The remains from the earlier level (G3) date to approximately 42 kyr, and are contemporary with the l'Horus remains.

In support of the assimilation theory is evidence that these Neanderthals were evolving in a way that was leading them to the modern human condition.

A reduced midface prognathism and a less projecting upper face.

Thinner and less projecting supraorbitals.

A narrower nasal aperture, more prominent nasal spine, and a smaller facial height below it.

A reduced breadth for the anterior teeth.

Definite presence of a mental eminence (though not prominent).

Some early criticisms attributed these modern affinites to the specimens being subadults or smaller than "normal" Neanderthals, but the remains have been well-reviewed, and seem to be full adults whose size compares favorably to earlier Neanderthal populations.

The most recent stratigraphic level from Vindija (G1) dates to approximately 32 kyr, and has been claimed to be late surviving Neanderthals with modern human affinities, as well as the remains of modern human beings, with no affiliation to the European Neanderthals.

This question is directly involved with the split bone points that have been found in this level, since these have been identified as Aurignacian, which have generally been considered a H. sapiens industry.

If the points are associated with the human remains at the site, it means that either the Aurignacian industry was transmitted to the Neanderthals from incoming humans, or the industry developed independently in both populations.

The human remains from this level seem to definitely be of Neanderthal affinity, as seen when they are compared to the earlier remains from the G3 level.

The remains of the Saint-Césaire skeleton was discovered at a limestone cave at Pierrot's Rock, near Charente-Maritime, France, in 1979.

The remains consist of the right half of a skull, some ribs, a shoulder blade, two arm bones, and fragments of a kneecap and the tibias which have been dated to approximately 36 kyr.

At one time, it was considered the last surviving Neanderthal.

The specimen shows many definitive Neanderthal traits, such as:

Some consider the Saint Césaire skeleton as showing evidence of a transition of the Neanderthals to a more modern human-like form.

Others claim that the differences between the sapiens populations in Europe and the late surviving Neanderthals is so great to preclude the possibility of an ancestor/descendent relationship since the timeframe is so short.

Some of the features that have been claimed to show affinities to modern Europeans include:

Central and lateral supraorbital thinning.

A reduction in the thickness of the supraorbital torus.

A flattened rear surface of the mastoid process.

The material from the Chatelperronian levels of the Grotte du Renne at Arcy-sur-Cure, France, has been dated to approximately 34 kyr.

This material consists of isolated teeth with definite Neanderthal like affinities, and a child's temporal fragment whose inner ear morphology links it to Neanderthals rather than modern humans.

The importance of Arcy-sur-Cure is in the association of these remains with personal adornment articles that were similar to those from Aurignacian sites nearby.

This is yet another link between the Neanderthals and the Aurignacian industry that discredits the idea that the Neanderthals were not associated with that particular industry.

What may be the latest surviving Neanderthals currently known comes from the Zafarraya Cave, near Andalucia, Spain.

The upper levels of this site have been thorium/uranium and C14 to approximately 27 kyr, and the sequence may extend as late as 25 kyr.

Material from the site include a nearly complete mandible, a mandible that has been burnt, a partial Os coxa, a femur, and an upper incisor.

The femur shows affinities with both Neanderthals (thick cortical bone, circular midshaft cross-section), but also shows affinities to later Europeans (development of a pilaster, thin femoral neck dimensions, shaft expanded anteriorly-posteriorly).

The complete mandible more closely links this material to Neanderthals, with features such as:

Small teeth with a very robust mandibular corpus.

A vertical symphysis with a mental trigone.

A mental foramen positioned under the P4.

A gap between the front of the ascending ramus and the back of the third molar.

The eventual fate of the Neanderthals in the modern human phylogeny is still a much questioned issue, and a vigorously debated one.

However, one thing is certain, the issue is not as cut and dry as many supporters of the Out of Africa II theory oftentimes claim.

It seems highly unlikely that the Neanderthals contributed absolutely nothing to the modern genome, but whether they left a large heritage in modern humans or an insignificant one is a question that might not be answered satisfactorily for a long time.

An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy.

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"The Excavations in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel."

In Current Anthropology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 497–550.

Boule, M. 1908. "L'Homme fossile de La Chapelle-aux-Saints (Covèze).

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"The Mousterian site of Zafarraya (Andalucia, Spain): Dating and implications on the Paleolithic peopling process of Western Europe."

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History.:Evolution and range.:Anatomical adaptations.

Other significant morphological changes included the evolution of a power and precision grip, a change first occurring in "H. erectus".
 Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the hominin line, and it is considered the main cause behind a suite of skeletal changes shared by all bipedal hominins. The earliest bipedal hominin is considered to be either "Sahelanthropus" or "Orrorin", with "Ardipithecus", a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The knuckle walkers, the gorilla and chimpanzee, diverged around the same time, and either "Sahelanthropus" or "Orrorin" may be humans' last shared ancestor with those animals. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus "Homo". There are several theories of the adaptational value of bipedalism. It is possible that bipedalism was favored because it freed up the hands for reaching and carrying food, because it saved energy during locomotion, because it enabled long distance running and hunting, or as a strategy for avoiding hyperthermia by reducing the surface exposed to direct sun.
 The human species developed a much larger brain than that of other primates— typically  1,330 cm (81 cu in) in modern humans, over twice the size of that of a chimpanzee or gorilla.


The end of the tour concluded his relationship with Pepsi-Cola which sponsored the tour.

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# Jackson Ends World Tour, Cites Painkiller Addiction

Entertainer Michael Jackson abruptly canceled the remaining dates of his world tour Friday, announcing that "horrifying" allegations of child molestation have caused him to become addicted to painkillers and have left him "physically and emotionally exhausted."

Jackson, who was scheduled to perform in Puerto Rico on Sunday, instead flew to Switzerland with his longtime friend Elizabeth Taylor and her husband, Larry Fortensky, sources close to Jackson said.

In an audiotape released late Friday by his publicist, Jackson said he began using painkillers seven months ago after he underwent reconstructive surgery for a scalp burn suffered during the filming of a Pepsi commercial in 1984.

"The medications were used sparingly at first," Jackson said, but increased after the child molestation allegations were leveled against him in August.

"As I left on this tour, I had been the target of an extortion attempt, and shortly thereafter was accused of horrifying and outrageous conduct," Jackson said.

"I was humiliated, embarrassed, hurt and suffering great pain in my heart.

The pressure resulting from these false allegations coupled with the incredible energy necessary for me to perform caused so much distress that it left me physically and emotionally exhausted.

I became increasingly more dependent on the painkillers to get me through the days of the tour."

The tape-recorded comments marked the first time that Jackson has directly addressed the allegations that he sexually molested a 13-old-boy over a period of months earlier this year.

Those allegations surfaced after the boy told his therapist that Jackson had first befriended him and had then become increasingly intimate--sharing his bed, fondling him and masturbating him, among other things.

The therapist reported those allegations to authorities Aug. 17, and the Los Angeles Police Department launched a criminal investigation the next day.

The 13-year-old subsequently filed a lawsuit against the pop superstar.

In his statement, Jackson did not indicate whether he had plans to return to this country.

The lawyer for the alleged victim said he hoped that Jackson would come back so that the boy's lawsuit could be heard in court.

"If Michael Jackson is canceling his tour, it would be my hope that he would return to Los Angeles and allow us to try this case in court in an expeditious manner rather than running away from this matter," attorney Larry R. Feldman said Friday prior to Jackson's announcement.

"I think my client has a right to move forward with this."

On the tape, Jackson thanked Taylor, who herself has struggled with drug dependency, for her "unconditional love."

He credited the actress with giving him important support, encouragement and counsel.

"My friends and doctors advised me to seek professional guidance immediately in order to eliminate what has become an addiction," Jackson said.

"It is time for me to acknowledge my need for treatment in order to regain my health.

I realize that completing the tour is no longer possible and I must cancel the remaining dates.

I know I can overcome the problem and will be stronger from the experience."

The sudden cancellation of Jackson's heralded "Dangerous World Tour" appeared to catch many of his associates by surprise, stirring intense confusion in his far-flung entourage throughout the day Friday.

As late as Friday afternoon, a spokesman for Pepsi-Cola, which is sponsoring the tour, said he had no information indicating that any dates were being canceled.

In Mexico, members of Jackson's contingent said they were awaiting word on the status of the tour, while in Puerto Rico, the promoter said he expected those shows to go on.

Then, without explanation, the same promoter announced early Friday evening that they had been canceled.

Sources said members of the Jackson camp expect to hold a news conference in Los Angeles on Monday to make an announcement regarding the entertainer.

In the meantime, neither Jackson's criminal attorney, Howard Weitzman, nor his civil lawyer, Bertram Fields, was available to answer questions.

Jackson's private investigator, Anthony J. Pellicano, refused to comment.

Jackson was booked to perform at least eight more shows before the end of the year in Jakarta, Indonesia; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dubai; New Delhi; Singapore, and Puerto Rico.

Other shows, including one next week in Monterrey, Mexico, also were being added to the schedule.

Citing illness and scheduling complications, Jackson had already canceled almost a third of the 30 stops on the tour, which opened Aug. 24 in Bangkok.

Jackson also is scheduled to appear at a "Jackson Family Honors" event Dec. 11 in Atlantic City.

Sources close to Jackson said that now appears unlikely.

The criminal investigation of the internationally renowned singer and composer has not concluded.

This week, police served their fourth search warrant, this time at the Encino home of Jackson's parents.

Investigators left with boxes of material, including photographs, but authorities would not comment on what was seized.

A source familiar with the investigation said that among other things, they were searching for information to corroborate interviews that police have conducted with former Jackson employees.

Previous searches have taken investigators to two of Jackson's homes and to a hotel suite that he often uses in Las Vegas.

Los Angeles County Dist. Atty. Gil Garcetti said this week that police had not concluded their investigation.

A well-placed law enforcement source said it will not be wrapped up until early next year.

Meanwhile, Feldman, the lawyer for the 13-year-old boy who filed suit against Jackson, is pushing for speedy progress on the case.

Feldman has asked Jackson to submit a sworn deposition, but Jackson's lawyers have not agreed to make him available.

Instead, they have asked that the civil case be put on hold for as long as six years or until the criminal case is concluded--a request that a Superior Court judge is scheduled to consider Nov. 23.

If granted, the delay would effectively prevent any information obtained during the preparation of the lawsuit from being used in any criminal probe.

Despite the international uproar created when the allegations of child molestation became public in August, Jackson had pressed on with his world tour, performing across Asia and Europe in recent months despite setbacks and distractions.

At the tour's outset, as the allegations surfaced, Jackson canceled two Bangkok shows, citing dehydration.

He shelved a date in Singapore after collapsing backstage.

Other shows were canceled in South Africa, Australia, Chile and Peru.

The end of the tour Friday could mean the end of Jackson's decade-long relationship with Pepsi-Cola.

The company's sponsorship of Jackson extends only through the current tour.

Over the 10 years Pepsi has featured Jackson in its advertising, the company has gained two market share points on rival Coke.

Each point is worth an estimated $500 million in annual sales.

But it is difficult to isolate Jackson's appeal from that of scores of other celebrities and promotions that have also been linked with Pepsi during that time.

While Pepsi has enriched Jackson with an estimated $20 million in endorsement fees, marketing and corporate image experts generally say that if Pepsi's relationship with Jackson ends, it will likely have no effect on Pepsi sales.

And Pepsi's corporate image will probably be tarnished for only a very brief time.

"Pepsi has an extremely loyal consumer following," said Kristine Kelley, managing editor of Beverage Industry, a Northbrook, Ill.-based trade magazine.

"They are not really swayed by who endorses the product."

Contributing to this story were Times staff writer Bruce Horovitz in Los Angeles and researcher Susan Drummet in Mexico City.

###### Live updates: Do those rumored tapes of Trump in a Moscow hotel exist? What the Mueller report says

###### A quake every 3 minutes: California shaken by 10 times more temblors than previously known

Life and career.:1993–1995: First child sexual abuse accusations and marriage to Lisa Marie Presley.

The books were legal to own, and Jackson was not indicted. Jordan Chandler gave police a description of Jackson's genitals. A strip search was made, and the jurors felt the description was not a match. In January 1994, Jackson settled with the Chandlers out of court for $25 million. The police never pressed criminal charges. Citing a lack of evidence without Jordan's testimony, the state closed its investigation on September 22, 1994.
 Jackson had been taking painkillers for his reconstructive scalp surgeries, administered due to the Pepsi commercial accident in 1984; he became dependent on them to cope with the stress of the sexual abuse allegations. On November 12, 1993, Jackson canceled the remainder of the Dangerous Tour due to health problems, stress from the allegations and painkiller addiction. He thanked closed friend Elizabeth Taylor for support, encouragement and counsel.


About three months prior to the start of filming, the animals started their training for the film.

(meta data) TITLE: Lady and the Tramp Remake Using Real Dogs | Collider

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# Exclusive: Disney's Live-Action 'Lady and the Tramp' Will Use Real Dogs

There's been a bit of debate over Disney's "live-action" remakes recently concerning whether they actually are, in truth, live-action.

The first few undoubtedly were—Cinderella, Pete's Dragon, and of course Maleficent.

But then Jon Favreau's visually stunning The Jungle Book blurred the lines, with the young actor playing Mowgli serving as the film's only true live-action element.

And with The Lion King on the horizon, which features absolutely no humans and a ton of photoreal visual effects, it's hard to say it actually is a live-action film.

So you'd be forgiven for assuming that Disney's upcoming Lady and the Tramp remake might be treading similar territory.

As it turns out, not only are there human actors in the film, but the titular pooches are being portrayed by real-life dogs.

Collider's own Christina Radish recently spoke with actor Thomas Mann about his new film Maine, and during the course of their conversation, Mann offered some tantalizing teases about Lady and the Tramp.

In addition to confirming a period setting, Mann said they're using real live dogs in the movie.

Now, it's unclear if these dogs will be partially replaced in post-production or if visual effects will simply be applied to their mouths so they can speak, but it is heartening to know the film appears to be leaning towards a heavy live-action element during production.

Lady and the Tramp is poised to debut exclusively on Disney's streaming service Disney+ and is currently in production with director Charlie Bean (The LEGO Ninjago Movie).

Tessa Thompson and Justin Theroux provide the voices of the titular leads.

Check out what Mann had to say about Disney's live-action Lady and the Tramp remake during his conversation with Collider below, and look for our full interview with the actor on Collider soon.

Collider: You went from doing something so sparse like Maine, to doing something like Lady and the Tramp.

What's it like to be on a set when you are one of the only human characters?

Thank you for asking about that because it is very strange.

Obviously, Lady and the Tramp is a little more comedic, for my character, at least.

I get to be little more broad because of its period.

That was actually something that was very, very different for me, whereas Maine is a character that's the closest to myself that I've ever played.

There is such an interesting trend with these Disney classics, like Beauty and the Beast, Dumbo, The Lion King and now Lady and the Tramp, where we're getting to see them in a different way.

What most excites you about the way that you're telling the story of Lady and the Tramp?

I really think it's an enhanced version of the world that you saw before.

Obviously, the human characters are a little more flushed out.

They're not these passing faces that you barely get a glimpse of.

You get to know them a little bit better.

Who doesn't want to see two real dogs kiss over a plate of spaghetti?

You get the charisma of real dogs in there.

I understand people who are like, "Don't mess with the original," but they aren't re-

Did you actually get to act with dogs, or were they not there?

They were on set and they weren't even trained.

They found these dogs and started training them about three months before.

They just wanted to find the perfect dogs.

The main dog's name was Rose, who played Lady.

It was crazy because they didn't know they were working, so they would run off in the middle of a take, and then come back over.

You have to be extra patient because you have to be good every time for when they are good once.

It was so cute, every day, to just have a bunch of dogs to play with.

I'm excited about it because I love that story, but I also think it will be really interesting to see what's done with it because it does feel like there are so many possibilities.

I wouldn't say that it's a full-on drama or anything, but it's a little more grown up, in its own way, and a little more sophisticated.

It looks beautiful, in the few things that I've seen, from the way it was shot.

The production design, alone, is pretty immaculate.

I cried with the Dumbo trailer, so I'm excited to see what Lady and the Tramp looks like, as well.

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• Disney • Lady and the Tramp • Thomas Mann

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In July 2018, it was announced that Ashley Jensen, Justin Theroux, and Sam Elliott had been cast in the voice roles of Jackie, Tramp, and Trusty, respectively. Additionally, it was reported that Kiersey Clemons was in talks for the live-action role of Darling, Lady's human owner. In August 2018, it was reported that Tessa Thompson and Benedict Wong had been cast in the voice roles of Lady and Bull, respectively, and that Thomas Mann had been cast in the live-action role of Jim Dear. In September 2018, it was announced that Yvette Nicole Brown and Adrian Martinez had been cast in the live-action roles of Aunt Sarah and the dog-catcher Elliot, respectively. In October 2018, it was announced Arturo Castro had been cast in the live-action role of Marco and that Janelle Monáe had been cast in the voice role of Peg. The production utilized real dogs to portray the film's titular characters with a dog named Rose portraying Lady in the film.


The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on February 25, 2015 courtesy of Sundance Selects.

(meta data) TITLE: Wild Canaries' - The L Magazine Interview

## "A Poisoned Valentine to New York": Talking to Wild Canaries Writer-Director Lawrence Michael Levine

Wild Canaries is the third collaboration between husband-and-wife team Lawrence Michael Levine and Sophia Takal, following Gabi on the Roof in July (written and directed by Levine), in which they played a brother and sister, and Green (written and directed by Takal), in which she plays the potential other woman in his relationship.

Here, they play Noah and Barri, an engaged couple, who find themselves fighting over money, work, real estate, and their relationship when Barri (but not Noah) begins investigating the possible murder of their elderly neighbor.

Perched on the edge of reality and fantasy, Wild Canaries brings out intimate anxieties via low-budget screwball pastiche: a polished, effervescent riff on Manhattan Murder Mystery, transposed to Young Brooklyn, where the couple lives—for now.

Wild Canaries opens February 25; Levine answered a few questions over email.

Gabi on the Roof in July, your previous film, was the product of extensive, Mike Leigh-style improvisation and character-building exercises with individual performers, from which the story was ultimately developed.

Wild Canaries, as a mystery plot, must have started from its premise–were there elements of Gabi's preproduction methods, or elements of the way you worked with actors, or even just things you learned from it, that made it into Wild Canaries?

Gabi on the Roof in July may have been a once in a lifetime opportunity.

When I look at the actors Sophia and I were able to get to commit to an extensive six-month script development and rehearsal process, I can't really get over our luck—people like Aimee Seimetz (who was in The Killing and is now co-creator of The Girlfriend Experience), Brooke Bloom (Louie, Alpha House), Kate Sheil (House of Cards), Louis Cancelmi (Boardwalk Empire) and Lena Dunham?!

We could never get those people to give that much of their time for no money now.

So the timing was right and we got very lucky with the cast.

Sophia and I saved up for a long time to make Gabi.

Since we did it all with our own money, we had complete creative control over the process and really made the movie entirely for ourselves and the people we were working with.

We just weren't getting the kind of oppotunities we wanted, not from a career perspective, not from a creative one either, so we created an opportunity for ourselves.

We didn't think about our audience, we didn't think we had one.

We just wanted to have fun and be creative.

After Gabi and Green, we were out of dough.

I knew I was going to have use other people's money for the film, which meant I needed to have a script for potential investors to read and I was going to have to attach a cast that had commercial appeal, so I needed a script for that too.

I can't really ask Kevin Corrigan or Jason Ritter to take six months off to help me develop a character and a script for free.

Maybe someone like David Fincher could, but I'm not Fincher obviously.

So yeah, Wild Canaries was entirely scripted.

That being said, I learned a ton about working with actors on Gabi, making them feel comfortable, appreciating them, listening to them, using them as resources for how to tell if my scenes are working or not.

Barri and Noah go to see a Hitchcock film at the Nitehawk, and the film's style is distinguished by retro touches like iris effects and Teddy Blanks's Bass/Bond-esque title sequence.

These references, which are echoed by the film's Hitchcockian dual structure (solve the crime and solidify the relationship, like in Rear Window), are among the more playful, pleasurable elements of the film: the sense of a knowing, maybe aspirational reenactment.

But were you conscious of the influence of classical Hollywood technique when dealing with the thriller elements, making them work on their own terms?

In matters of camera positioning, shot sequencing, pacing, were there films you looked at to figure out, How should I handle this?

Since I was making the film with other people's money, I embraced the fact that I was making a film for a larger audience.

I love Carl Dreyer as much as the next cinephile, but I grew up loving Hitchock, Blake Edwards, Spielberg, Woody Allen, Bob Hope, Laurel and Hardy, George Cukor, Paul Verhoeven—very "entertaining" commerically viable filmmakers.

So those are the kinds of directors that inspired me here—comedians, genre people, but smart and good at what they did.

Yes, the film has an apparent post-modern referential quality to it, but mostly during the suspense, action and physical comedy set pieces.

The "normal" scenes of relationship could have been pulled straight from Gabi, but even those could be viewed as refering back to Cassavetes or Altman.

It's hard to do something now that doesn't have an evident antecedent.

I was just trying to mix up these influences in an interesting way.

It isn't like I said, "I'm going to shoot this scene exactly like Truffaut," but I did show my design people Stolen Kisses because I thought the colors he used would work very well for the tone of our film.

My DP (Mark Shwartzbard) and I watched a lot of 70s suspense films (The French Connection, The Thomas Crown Affair) just to get a sense of vibe.

We didn't copy them, but we did absorb them.

You're shooting in your own neighborhood, Cobble Hill, as you shot Gabi in Greenpoint when you were living there.

What are the advantages, aside from not spending money on a location shoot, of shooting where you live?

What inspires you about the place where you live, and how would you say we see that on screen?

Yeah, we had to do the film the way we did.

We needed to shoot in our own apartment because we couldn't afford to rent someone else's.

It was challenging to shoot so much where we lived.

Sets are very chaotic and it's nice to have a home you can retreat to when you aren't shooting.

I guess the advantage would be that somehow our familiarity with our surroundings informed our performances and made them more grounded, but Alia Shawkat, who plays our roommate in the film, seems totally comfortable and grounded and she never spent a night in our place, so… I'd say the advantages are nil.

Looks like we're probably leaving New York indefinitely in a few months, so your question is interesting in light of that fact.

I'd intended for Wild Canaries to be love letter to Brooklyn, but all the stresses of the city are what actually dominate the film.

New York has become a very difficult place for middle-class people to stay afloat and that kind of financial anxiety is what motivates much of the film's action, so I guess you could say Wild Canaries is a kind of poisoned valentine to New York.

At what point in your writing process do you share your work with colleagues and solicit feedback—how far along are you?

As you can maybe guess, I'm asking this partly because your producer and co-star here, playing your fiancée, is also your real-life wife.

I remember seeing you and Sophia play meta versions of yourselves in Joe Swanberg's Zone, a film with some second-half psychological meltdowns inspired by the premise that to make art is to reveal deep, true, potentially hurtful parts of yourself that you can't take back.

In general, is that a premise you'd dispute, or something you embrace?

I would not dispute that premise at all.

Art is a an endeavor that calls for artists to share their deepest truths and that can be complicated when you are working with loved ones.

In everyday life, we often dissemble or equivocate to make our day go smoother, but if you do that in art, you make boring work.

When I work closely with Sophia, we often argue because the things we're revealing through our work make the other person uncomfortable, but we endure it, either because we love making art or because we'd rather argue and live in our truth than not argue and live in a lie, or maybe both.

Sophia was really the only person that I could have the kind of relationship I had on Gabi with, because we live together and talk about our projects constantly.

She had a lot of input on the script and her character from the very beginning.

She was always reading what I was writing and giving me feedback and encouragement.

I'm always open to input from actors and crew members, but in the case of this film, with the exception of Sophia, that all happened on set.

We didn't have the money for rehearsal time, so any discussions about the material occurred during the shoot.

They happened, but it wasn't like Gabi where these kinds of conversations went on for months.

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"Wild Canaries" is an American comedy film directed, produced and written by Lawrence Michael Levine and starring Levine, Sophia Takal, Alia Shawkat, Jason Ritter and Annie Parisse. The film had its world premiere premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival on  March 8, 2014.


He died after complications from a surgery at a hospital in Calgary, Alberta on May 7, 2018.

(meta data) TITLE: Charlie Russell, Who Befriended Bears, Dies at 76 - The New York Times

(meta data) AUTHOR: http://www.nytimes.com/by/neil-genzlinger

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2016-01-12

Skip to contentSkip to site indexObituariesLog InToday's PaperObituaries|Charlie Russell, Who Befriended Bears, Dies at 76

# Charlie Russell, Who Befriended Bears, Dies at 76

ImageCharlie Russell in an undated photograph with a young grizzly bear at a lake on the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia.

Charlie Russell, a Canadian naturalist who researched grizzly bears by living among them and argued for a view of the animals based on coexistence rather than fear, died on May 7 in Calgary, Alberta.

The cause was complications after surgery, his brother Gordon said.

Mr. Russell was outspoken in his belief that the view most people — including many of his fellow naturalists — held of the bear was wrong.

"I believe that it's an intelligent, social animal that is completely misunderstood," he said in a PBS "Nature" documentary about his work.

To prove the point, he and his partner at the time, Maureen Enns, a photographer and artist, spent months each year for a decade living among bears in a remote part of eastern Russia.

They wrote several books based on those experiences and were the subject of documentaries and countless articles.

Mr. Russell's ideas, though, were not embraced by everyone.

Some fellow naturalists worried that they might lead people to be unwisely casual around wild animals.

And in Russia, Mr. Russell ran afoul of criminal elements and corrupt politicians tied to bear poaching.

His and Ms. Enns's experiment on the Kamchatka Peninsula ended heartbreakingly.

When they returned there for the 2003 season, they found that almost all the bears they had become acquainted with were gone, presumably slaughtered.

A bear gallbladder — the prize for poachers, valued in some countries as an aphrodisiac and general health remedy — had been nailed to their cabin wall, like some kind of warning.

"The bears were killed so we would go home," Mr. Russell told The Globe and Mail in July 2003.

"It is a brutal ending to our research."

But he continued to promote his views, and they have influenced policy and practice in areas where bears and people encounter one another.

"His work with bears was groundbreaking," Kevin Van Tighem, an author and former superintendent of Banff National Park in the Canadian Rockies, said by email, "and he has changed the landscape of possibilities in which bears, and humans, will have to find their common future."

He was outspoken in his belief that the view most people held of bears was wrong.

Andrew Charles Russell was born on Aug. 19, 1941, in Pincher Creek, Alberta.

His parents, Andy and Kay (Riggall) Russell, ran an outfitting business; his father led guided horseback adventures into the mountains near the family ranch, trips that might last three weeks.

Andy Russell was also a noted naturalist and writer, and when he decided to make a documentary about the white subspecies of black bears on Princess Royal Island in British Columbia, he took Charlie and his brother Richard along as assistants.

The experience, Charlie said later, helped him begin to think differently about bears.

The three found that they were mostly capturing footage of bears' backsides as the animals ran from them — until they left their rifles behind when they went out to film.

"The three of us eventually came to the conclusion that bears could sense that we were not a threat," Mr. Russell told The Edmonton Journal in 2002, "that somehow they realized that without a gun, we would do them no harm."

Mr. Russell became a rancher on the family land in Alberta, and he began to wonder if the traditional rancher view of bears as an enemy was fair.

Mr. Van Tighem said that Mr. Russell, who had no college education, was not interested in studying bears in the usual way.

"Anybody can become a bear 'expert' by reading about them and sitting through lectures at a university," Mr. Van Tighem said.

He didn't see bears in the way that other bear researchers might — as objects of study.

But to really get at the innate nature of bears, he needed to find ones that had no history of negative encounters with people.

That is what sent him and Ms. Enns to Kamchatka, which had been off limits to civilians for military reasons during the Cold War and thus was full of bears that had had no contact with humans.

In 1996, Russian officials granted them permission to build a cabin near a remote lake.

They flew in every year, using a small plane Mr. Russell had built from a kit, and stay for four or five months.

The bears grew to know them, Mr. Russell said, and became comfortable enough with them that sometimes a few would come to the cabin and linger to see if he and Ms. Enns wanted to go for a walk with them.

The couple also won permission to bring in three orphaned cubs from a Russian zoo to try to reintroduce them to the wild, and they succeeded despite the skepticism of some naturalists.

They eventually worked with a total of 10 orphaned cubs.

While elsewhere in the world naturalists were studying bears by tranquilizing them and putting trackers on them, or doing chemical analysis of their blood and bodily wastes, Mr. Russell wanted no part of that.

ImageMr. Russell said of the bear, "I believe that it's an intelligent, social animal that is completely misunderstood.

"I don't care how many miles a bear walks in a day or how many mouthfuls of grass it eats," he told Backpacker magazine.

He cared, he said, about only two things: what annoyed bears and what didn't.

His conclusion that bears were not naturally hostile to people earned him enemies among hunters.

"A lot of it is because the hunting culture needs to promote an animal as fearful so that people can feel brave about killing it," he told the Australian newspaper The Age in 2009.

His live-with-the-bears approach also drew criticism from some wildlife officials.

"He's teaching people how to get mauled," one said.

Sometimes people were indeed mauled — most memorably in 2003, when another bear advocate, Timothy Treadwell, and his girlfriend, Amie Huguenard, were killed and partly eaten by a bear in Alaska.

Mr. Russell, though, had always advocated taking precautions, like carrying pepper spray or using electric fencing, and had criticized Mr. Treadwell for not doing so.

"I have always understood that for the bears' sake it was very important that I did not add to their problems by making a mistake myself that caused me to be hurt or killed," he wrote on his website in response to those deaths.

That episode, he said, played into the hands of hunting interests, which were starting to lose the public-relations war as bear-viewing tourism grew.

"Hunters desperately needed Timothy's blunder to put the danger back into bear encounters," he wrote.

Books by Mr. Russell and Ms. Enns include "Grizzly Heart: Living Without Fear Among the Brown Bears of Kamchatka" (2002) and "Grizzly Seasons: Life With the Brown Bears of Kamchatka" (2003).

Their relationship ended in the aftermath of the slaughter of the Kamchatka bears in 2003, which left Mr. Russell with the fear that, by teaching the bears to trust humans, he had inadvertently conditioned them not to run from the hunters.

"I can see how easily they were killed," he said.

Mr. Russell's marriage to Margaret Hynde ended in divorce in the early 1970s.

In addition to his brothers, he is survived by a sister, Anne Raabe, and a granddaughter.

Mr. Van Tighem said Mr. Russell's influence went beyond changing views of bears.

He said that Mr. Russell also built bridges in Canada between ranchers and conservationists, and between ranchers and park officials, resulting in land preservation initiatives and "a whole new era of collaborative approaches to landscape conservation in the west."

Daniel E. Slotnik contributed reporting.

A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 22 of the New York edition with the headline: Charlie Russell, a Naturalist Who Mingled With Grizzly Bears, Is Dead at 76.

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## Man Cuddles 1,500-Pound Bear (and Lives to Share the Video)

Russell grew up in Alberta in the Canadian Rockies as the son of hunter, guide, film maker, and naturalist Andy Russell. Charlie and his three brothers learned about the wilderness from their father, assisting him as adventure guides and cameramen. His brothers went to college and became biologists, while Charlie became a rancher. But he was fascinated by grizzly bears, trying to overcome their image as savage killers by making his cattle ranch open to grizzlies and leading ecotourists on bear-viewing trips (as opposed to hunting which had previously been the objective of grizzly tours). He has tried, mostly unsuccessfully, to convince wildlife officials to treat bears with respect and trust, arguing that it is people's fear of bears and aggressive actions toward them that makes them dangerous.
 Russell is best known for his ten years of field work in Kamchatka, where he taught local guides how to lead bear-viewing tours. He began to buy orphaned grizzly cubs from zoos, taking them into remote areas of Kamchatka and teaching them to be wild. He has been the subject of two television documentaries: "Walking with Giants: The Grizzlies of Siberia" (PBS, 1999) and "Bear Man of Kamchatka" (BBC, 2006).


Since the 1983 edition, the event has been a Formula Three race after organiser Barry Bland updated the regulations.

(meta data) TITLE: Young men go east | Motor Sport Magazine Archive

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The Macau Grand Prix was started in 1954 by local car enthusiasts Fernando de Macedo Pinto, Carlos da Silva and Paulo Antas as a treasure hunt around the enclave's streets. Shortly after, it was suggested the hunt's track could host a professional race for local motoring enthusiasts. The race was first entered in the FIA's international motor racing calendar in 1960 and the regulations were amended to allow sports and grand touring cars to compete. The Grand Prix attracted further exposure amongst professional racing teams following Mauro Bianchi's victory in the 1966 edition. Formula Pacific regulations were introduced in 1974.