She plays Liz in the 2019 film "Ray & Liz", directed by Richard Billingham.

(meta data) TITLE: Mr and Mrs Billingham and Frosty Jack's | Tim Adams | Art and design | The Guardian

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# Richard Billingham: 'I just hated growing up in that tower block'

The photographer was a pioneer of 'squalid realism' with his images of his parents' dreary, drunken existence in the Black Country, which won him a Turner prize nomination.

Now, with the help of 'White Dee', he's turning their life into a feature film

Last modified on Thu 27 Jun 2019 07.16 EDT

Richard Billingham and Deirdre 'White Dee' Kelly stand outside the Cradley Heath tower block where the photographer was raised.

Richard Billingham didn't take a photograph until he was 19.

That was 25 years ago, when he was living with his alcoholic father, Ray, in a flat on the seventh floor of a council block in Cradley Heath in the Black Country, west of Birmingham.

He'd just begun an art foundation course at Bournville College and was working every night to pay his way stacking shelves at the local Kwik Save supermarket.

The first pictures he took, with a camera bought on credit after he persuaded the shop assistant he was a librarian, were of geese and ducks in the park, "just to see if they would come out".

"I had never had a camera before that," he says.

"My parents maybe had, like, a 110 pocket camera once, but it was always too expensive to develop the films.

Those pictures I took of my dad were quite rare too.

I took time over each one, probably only took 10 rolls that year."

"I don't think he took any notice," Billingham says.

"Or if he did it was probably that he was pleased I was in the room with him.

"Liz [Billingham's mother] had moved out a year earlier.

Ray never left his bedroom, except to go to the toilet.

He would spend all day looking out of the window or listening to the radio.

Originally, Billingham thought that he would use his pictures as studies for art school paintings, but he never finished any.

The photos themselves always seemed more real.

A year or two later, Liz [he rarely calls his parents Mum and Dad] moved back into the flat along with her many cats and dogs.

Billingham had gone up to Sunderland University to take a degree by this time, but he continued to take pictures at home and they began to take on a vivid life of their own.

Eventually, the photographs were shown in galleries, after being "discovered" by Billingham's Sunderland tutor in plastic bags in his student room.

Ray and Liz, the overexposed detail of their lives – Ray, toothless, shirtless and swigging from his pop bottles of homebrew, vast Liz in her raucous patterned frocks poring over her 1,000-piece jigsaws, surrounded by knick-knacks and wild-looking animals, fag in hand, the pair of them on a raddled sofa with their lurid TV dinners – became as individual and indicative of their time and place as Thomas Gainsborough's Mr and Mrs Andrews or David Hockney's Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy.

Billingham's book of the photos Ray's a Laugh was taken to have invented a squalid realism.

His pictures, surreal, claustrophobic, gave meaning to the idea of "too close to home".

When Charles Saatchi bought some and they were included alongside the more manufactured shocks in the YBA Sensation show of 1997, they were easily the most truthful and affecting things on display.

In 1998, there was a BBC2 documentary, Fishtank, commissioned by Adam Curtis, which saw Billingham revisit his parents' chaotic life with a handheld camera.

In 2001, he was shortlisted for the Turner prize.

Ray and Liz, in photo and video, subsequently toured the world without ever leaving Cradley Heath.

Billingham recalled some of this history for me last week in a favourite little cafe, just down the road from that council block where he lived as a teenager.

He's based in Swansea these days, where he lives with his partner – it's her home town — and their three children, aged one, seven and nine, but he comes up here any chance he can.

"It's like a holiday," he says, with a smile.

Ray and Liz both died nearly a decade ago, but they have never really gone away for him.

He has been thinking a lot in particular about those first pictures of Ray, because they form the basis of a feature film he is trying to get made – there's an ongoing Kickstarter campaign – which he hopes might yet be his last word on the subject.

Also with us in the cafe are Jacqui Davies, the film's producer, here to scout locations, and Dee Kelly, "White Dee" from the voyeuristic Channel 4 series Benefits Street (and a subsequent couple of seasons in Celebrity Big Brother).

Billingham is tucking into a £2.95 roast dinner and trying to explain what it's all going to be about.

He's a likably diffident presence, finding the laugh in things and policing any hint of pretension.

My own mother grew up in a council house only a mile or so from this cafe and I recognise from childhood exactly the rooted quickness of that sensibility.

Black Country people are bluntly amused by the inauthentic airs of Brummies, let alone adoptive Londoners.

It's odd, given this, that Billingham has found a home for himself in the art world; it is a disjunction he has made sense of by keeping on nagging at those insular beginnings.

I ask him, inevitably, why he wanted to return to his first God-given subject for this film – he has been working for the past decade or so mostly on landscapes or taking photos of his own young family.

He has a go at talking about the motivation in conventional terms but his heart isn't quite in it.

"I guess just because I was carrying it around, still," he says.

There's a more down to earth reason too.

"I always assumed at school I couldn't write.

But I got these two professorships recently" – he teaches art at Gloucester and Middlesex universities — "and they gave me a laptop.

It was a bit like the first time he had a camera.

"I just started to write this script," he says.

The first part, a 30-minute film, Ray, is already done – there was a screening at the BFI in February (a trailer is available on Vimeo).

In tone, it is pitched somewhere between Samuel Beckett and Alan Bleasdale.

The camera dwells, unflinching, on Ray (played by hollow-cheeked Patrick Romer), just as Billingham used to, forcing himself to look.

"I wanted to portray the sort of time experienced by a zoo animal or a prisoner," he says.

"Ray could go to sleep or wake up at any time – seven in the morning, seven at night – or whatever."

The days are punctuated only by the delivery of more homebrew from a neighbour and a visit from Liz (Dee, foul mouthed and in a curly wig).

It is, as with the photographs, hard to look away.

Billingham later sends me the scripts for the other two parts of the film.

One examines a long-lost family story from about 1980.

Billingham's baby brother, Jason, is left by Ray and Liz in the care of his feckless Uncle Lol for an afternoon; Lol gets blind drunk.

In the other, five or ten years later, Jason is growing up, left to his own devices, tipping chilli powder in Ray's mouth while he sleeps, scavenging for food.

He goes missing for three days and when the school asks where he is Ray and Liz haven't a clue.

The police get involved and he is found sleeping in someone's shed.

What happened to Ray and Liz after his last pictures of them?

"In 2003, Ray got moved into an old people's home up the road," he says.

"At first, Liz would go and see him once a day, then it was once a week, then once a month, then months went by.

I wonder how important it is to Billingham that the past is presented precisely accurately in the film.

"We rented a flat in the same block of flats, on the same floor," he says.

"We used the photographs to reconstruct the wallpaper and the furniture.

I wanted to go back to that, where every detail in the room is telling the story.

It was important that the actors looked and behaved like Ray and Liz."

They decided on inviting Dee to play the part when Jacqui Davies saw a picture of her going into the Big Brother house dressed up in a ballgown as "the Duchess of Solihull", to fool the resident American housemates into thinking she was posh.

Davies immediately texted that picture to Richard, saying "Liz!", but they had to wait four weeks before Dee was evicted from the house before they could ask if she was interested.

They met up in a drive-through McDonald's in Birmingham's Bristol Road and immediately hit it off.

I wonder what Dee thought when she looked at Richard's pictures of his mother.

"Well, to be honest, I thought she was opposite to me really, the big curly hair and the bright lipstick," she says.

You could no doubt write a sociology thesis about the progression from Ray's a Laugh to Benefits Street, a study of the depiction of poverty in British culture and the ethics of intrusion.

At least, it's hard to imagine some of the extremes of reality TV without first having had the more complex intimacies of Billingham's art.

"When I saw Dee on the telly, she came over as honest," he says.

Usually when you watch people on telly you see their outer life.

Dee is throatily ambivalent about the series, which boiled down 18 months of fly on the wall filming into 10 episodes; it has certainly changed her life, not always for the better.

She fields calls from the Birmingham Mail while we talk; there's a story running about her having Botox in order to get a part in Benidorm.

"The thing is, we are honest people," she says of her friends and neighbours.

Even the lad who was doing the shoplifting.

He was very honest that he was shoplifting."

Does she still live in James Turner – Benefits – Street?

"No, it became a bit crazy after the series came out," she says.

"I had people climbing in through my front windows.

But you don't really want strangers climbing in through your window to say 'hello' because you are sick of opening the door."

I mean I like a lot of people on telly, but I would never actually climb in to their front room."

I tried to make the photographs as truthful as I could… I think there was a warmth to them

"We had no idea it was going to be called that.

I won't watch anything with 'benefits' or 'immigration' in the title because I think that immediately belittles the people in them.

As soon as I heard the title, I thought, 'We are well and truly screwed here'."

We talk about the line between exploitation and documentary; did Billingham worry about crossing it when he photographed his family?

That's why you put them in a gallery," he says.

"You frame them in a certain way to allow a particular reading of them.

But now you have the internet, the pictures are all there out of context…"

"With the photographs I tried to make them as truthful as I could and hopefully that element overcomes any exploitative element," he says.

Talking to Billingham you can't help but wonder how he saw a way of making the riotous mundanity of his family into art.

It's one thing, as in Benefits Street, to have a film crew from outside looking in; it's another to be able to frame your own life.

He talks a bit about "objectifying my situation" and catharsis, but the best answer he gives is really when he describes how they came to be in the flat itself.

He could see that life for what it was, because it had a before and after.

While they are contrasting childhoods, Dee talks about how supportive her parents were, how much she loved her growing up.

Billingham interrupts to say: "But I did, too! Until the point where Ray lost his job as a machinist and we moved into the flats in about 1980.

We were in this little terraced house before that.

The factories were all closing and he got made redundant.

They spent it at the pub or they would buy something and someone would come in and steal it.

But before then only in the pub, like everyone else.

I know it sounds strange but really it was because my dad did not know how to fill in a form, he could write, but he had never had to fill in forms.

After six months, we had no food in the fridge.

He met someone, a conman, and he said, 'I'll give you two grand for the house.'

Ray and Liz took it because we were literally starving.

We had an outside toilet and that, but we kids would play in the street, we had a little garden out the back.

But when we moved to the tower block you didn't play out much.

You'd get beaten up or have a brick thrown at you.

In the lifts and in the corridors it was covered in graffiti, mostly racist.

The photographs were an attempt to release that tension or to capture it.

Does it make him angry, looking back, now that he is a father himself, that Ray and Liz were so hopeless?

"If anything it makes me less angry," he says.

I don't really blame them, I blame the con-man.

But then if he hadn't have done it someone else would."

But there was a weakness there in Ray and Liz that he must have hated, when his brother was taken into care and so on?

I just hated growing up in that tower block.

I didn't like being unable to walk out of the door.

You had to get in the lift and people would piss and shit in the lift and spit on the walls.

You had to be careful never to lean on anything."

When we have finished in the cafe, we drive up to the old block of flats where Richard grew up and where he and Dee have been filming.

There is still a sort of unplanned brutality to them, but they have been tarted up.

We squash together in the lift, so he can go up and have his photograph taken on the seventh floor.

Billingham points out that you no longer have to avoid leaning on the walls, there is no graffiti, the smell has gone.

He can laugh about it all, but you have the sense that he still sees a good deal more in the repainted corridors and hallways than the rest of us.

Later, he gives me a lift back to Cradley Heath station.

We stop on the way outside the little terraced house his parents sold for next to nothing in order to eat (and drink).

I'm reminded of that old line about bankruptcy: "It happened two ways: gradually, then suddenly" and think the same could be said of Billingham becoming an artist.

He comes over a bit nostalgic, describing a world that ended abruptly in about 1979, or different kinds of photographs altogether: "We'd play cricket in the road.

My school was at the end there and the library where I spent half my life.

It's like these terraces evolved from the landscape."

The few intact streets now give on to the biggest Tesco I've ever seen.

Billingham registers its impact: "I went round the old market where Ray and Liz used to go this morning; there are probably six or seven stalls left and the people aren't even on those.

The high street is just pound shops, takeaways, charity shops, bookies.

People go to these off-licences and get three litres of Frosty Jack's [cider] for £1.99."

He still loves it here, though, he says, partly because he has a memory of what home was, partly because he wants to look hard still at what it became.

"I was in this little caff the other week eating a pork sandwich, and the usual people are walking past, the same people you always see, old people with sticks and that.

And all of a sudden this young girl with an SLR camera appeared out of nowhere and started photographing the shopfront I'm sitting in.

I thought: someone is still alert to the life of this area.

It was nice to see someone else trying to document it, not just passing by."

For more details about Richard Billingham's film Ray and Liz and how to get involved see kickstarter.com/projects/68852125/ray-and-liz

Deirdre "Dee" Kelly (born 1971), also known as White Dee, is a British TV personality and actor. In 2014 and 2015 she appeared in the TV documentary series "Benefits Street," and in 2014 she took part in Celebrity Big Brother.


The Earth's homosphere starts at the Earth's surface and extends to the turbopause at about 100 km.

(meta data) TITLE: Atmosphere | gaseous envelope | Britannica.com

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Atmosphere, the gas and aerosol envelope that extends from the ocean, land, and ice-covered surface of a planet outward into space.

The density of the atmosphere decreases outward, because the gravitational attraction of the planet, which pulls the gases and aerosols (microscopic suspended particles of dust, soot, smoke, or chemicals) inward, is greatest close to the surface.

Atmospheres of some planetary bodies, such as Mercury, are almost nonexistent, as the primordial atmosphere has escaped the relatively low gravitational attraction of the planet and has been released into space.

Other planets, such as Venus, Earth, Mars, and the giant outer planets of the solar system, have retained an atmosphere.

In addition, Earth's atmosphere has been able to contain water in each of its three phases (solid, liquid, and gas), which has been essential for the development of life on the planet.

The evolution of Earth's current atmosphere is not completely understood.

It is thought that the current atmosphere resulted from a gradual release of gases both from the planet's interior and from the metabolic activities of life-forms—as opposed to the primordial atmosphere, which developed by outgassing (venting) during the original formation of the planet.

Current volcanic gaseous emissions include water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), and diatomic nitrogen (N2; consisting of two atoms in a single molecule), as well as traces of other substances.

Approximately 85 percent of volcanic emissions are in the form of water vapour.

In contrast, carbon dioxide is about 10 percent of the effluent.

During the early evolution of the atmosphere on Earth, water must have been able to exist as a liquid, since the oceans have been present for at least three billion years.

Given that solar output four billion years ago was only about 60 percent of what it is today, enhanced levels of carbon dioxide and perhaps ammonia (NH3) must have been present in order to retard the loss of infrared radiation into space.

The initial life-forms that evolved in this environment must have been anaerobic (i.e., surviving in the absence of oxygen).

In addition, they must have been able to resist the biologically destructive ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, which was not absorbed by a layer of ozone as it is now.

Once organisms developed the capability for photosynthesis, oxygen was produced in large quantities.

The buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere also permitted the development of the ozone layer as O2 molecules were dissociated into monatomic oxygen (O; consisting of single oxygen atoms) and recombined with other O2 molecules to form triatomic ozone molecules (O3).

The capability for photosynthesis arose in primitive forms of plants between two and three billion years ago.

Previous to the evolution of photosynthetic organisms, oxygen was produced in limited quantities as a by-product of the decomposition of water vapour by ultraviolet radiation.

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The current molecular composition of Earth's atmosphere is diatomic nitrogen (N2), 78.08 percent; diatomic oxygen (O2), 20.95 percent; argon (A), 0.93 percent; water (H20), about 0 to 4 percent; and carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.04 percent.

Inert gases such as neon (Ne), helium (He), and krypton (Kr) and other constituents such as nitrogen oxides, compounds of sulfur, and compounds of ozone are found in lesser amounts.

Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, and several other minor components.

This article provides an overview of the physical forces that drive Earth's atmospheric processes, the structure of the Earth's atmosphere, and the instrumentation used to measure the Earth's atmosphere.

For a full description of the processes that created the current atmosphere on Earth, see evolution of the atmosphere.

For information on the long-term conditions of the atmosphere as they are experienced at the surface of Earth, see climate.

For a description of the highest regions of the atmosphere, where conditions are set largely by the presence of charged particles, see ionosphere and magnetosphere.

Earth's atmosphere is bounded at the bottom by water and land—that is, by the surface of Earth.

Heating of this surface is accomplished by three physical processes—radiation, conduction, and convection—and the temperature at the interface of the atmosphere and surface is a result of this heating.

Earth's environmental spheresEarth's environment includes the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the biosphere.

The relative contributions of each process depend on the wind, temperature, and moisture structure in the atmosphere immediately above the surface, the intensity of solar insolation, and the physical characteristics of the surface.

The temperature occurring at this interface is of critical importance in determining how suitable a location is for different forms of life.

key peopleGeorge Dollond Joseph Priestley Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac John Dalton John Tyndall Gerard Peter Kuiper David Rittenhouse Lloyd Viel Berkner Friedrich Adolf Paneth George Johnstone Stoney related topicsClimate Gas Climate change Biosphere Earth Ionosphere and magnetosphere Planet Weather Ozone layer Keeling Curve

Public Broadcasting Service - NOVA - The Atmosphere

Rice University - What is the Atmosphere?

Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.

atmosphere - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)

atmosphere - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

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"Merry Company on a Terrace" (1616) is in the collection of the Mauritshuis, the Hague.

(meta data) TITLE: Acquisitions of the Month: November 2018 | Apollo Magazine

# Acquisitions of the Month: November 2018

View across Lake Seeberg to the Muntigalm (1778), Caspar Wolf. University of Texas at Dallas

A round-up of the best works of art to enter public collections recently

This remarkable gift to the University of Texas at Dallas, comprising more than 400 works collected by Richard Barrett and his late wife Nona, has been described by Richard Brettell, the director of the university's Edith O'Donnell Institute of Art History, as 'the most important collection of Swiss art ever formed outside of Switzerland'.

It includes works ranging from the late 14th to mid 20th century – by artists including Ferdinand Hodler, Caspar Wolf, Angelica Kauffman and Jean-Étienne Liotard.

The gift will be housed in a new museum, named after the Barretts, which is set to open in the next few years.

Ulysses on the Island of Circe (1793), Angelica Kauffman. University of Texas at Dallas

J. Paul Getty Museum, Los AngelesChrist as the Man of Sorrows (1520–30), Quentin Metsys

A pioneer of the Antwerp School at the start of 16th century, Quentin Metsys played a key role in reviving the precise realism and attention to the effects of light that had characterised Flemish painting of the previous century – yet his work also shows the influence of Italian quattrocento painters like Leonardo.

This graphic depiction of Christ evinces the artist's talent for devotional portraiture.

Before its recent acquisition by the museum, the work had remained in private hands, unknown to art historians, for centuries.

The Getty Research Institute, meanwhile, also made an important acquisition last month – a collection of rare books, prints, and manuscripts related to the culinary arts,

Christ as the Man of Sorrows (1520–30), Quentin Metsys.

Mauritshuis, The HagueMerry Company on a Terrace (c. 1616–17), Willem Buytewech

Though Willem Buytewech was well known in Haarlem in the early 17th century, only six oil paintings by the artist have survived; this acquisition by the Mauritshuis is one of his finest.

Alongside Frans Hals, Buytewech was a key figure in the early development of Dutch genre painting – one only has to glance at this group of fashionable, flirtatious youths, cavorting in their finery on the terrace, to understand why his peers affectionately christened him 'Witty Willem'.

Merry Company on a Terrace (c. 1616–17), Willem Buytewech. Mauritshuis, The Hague

Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe Portrait, probably of the Marquis of Marigny (1753), Jean Marc Nattier

One of the most celebrated French portraitists of his day, Jean Marc Nattier only produced a small number of pastels in his career – over a period of around a decade from 1744, after he had already secured his fame as the painter to Queen Marie Leczinska.

However, his works in the medium were widely praised; one was even described by a critic as 'surpassing all [the works] he has made in oil'.

This painting, which probably depicts the Marquis of Marigny, is one of only nine surviving pastel portraits of men by Nattier.

Portrait, probably of the Marquis of Maurigny (1753), Jean Marc Nattier.

Nationalmuseum, StockholmView of Algiers behind the ramparts (c. 1840), Niels Simonsen

Celebrated as a battle painter in his early career, the Danish artist Niels Simonsen reinvented himself as a landscape artist after extensive excursions throughout Europe and further afield in the late 1830s and early '40s.

This picturesque landscape records a moment during Simonsen's travels in Algeria.

View of Algiers (c. 1840), Niels Simonsen.

Morgan Library & Museum, New YorkBathers (1884–85), Pierre-Auguste Renoir

At nearly a metre and a half in length, this large-scale study offers a key insight into the compositional development of the artist's major painting, The Large Bathers (1884–87).

The drawing has not been exhibited in public before now.

Earlier this month, the Morgan also acquired 11 drawings by five major African-American artists from the southern USA.

Bathers (1884–85), Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Morgan Library & Museum, New York.

Lunch service (c. 1863), Sèvres manufactory

This lunch service follows a model designed for the Sèvres porcelain factory by Hyacinthe Régnier, who was inspired by Chinese examples.

Purchased by the Indianapolis Museum of Art from Christie's Paris in late November, it bolsters the museum's collection of European decorative arts, while also providing a point of comparison with its strong holdings of Chinese porcelain.

Lunch service (1863), Sèvres manufactory.

Indianapolis Museum of Art; © Christie's Images Ltd, 2018.

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### Acquisitions of the month: October 2018

Major Native American and contemporary Austrian art collections are among this month's top museum acquisitions

### Acquisitions of the month: August/September 2018

A Cubist collage and a portrait of Dylan Thomas are among the top works acquired by public collections recently

### Acquisitions of the month: July 2018

A 16-metre-long Chinese scroll and some Surrealist masterpieces are among this month's top acquisitions

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### Unearthing the secrets of the Anglo-Saxon world

Paganism and Christianity are intertwined in the hoard of rare artefacts found in a princely burial site in Essex

### The razing of mosques is the next step in China's crackdown on Uyghur culture

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### The Apollo 40 under 40 podcast: Simon Denny

The Berlin-based artist talks to Gabrielle Schwarz about his latest project exploring data and resource mining

As Pompeii yields up ever more discoveries about the Roman world, we should not forget that the site still holds clues to the behaviour of volcanoes

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The newly restored painting at Apsley House was probably executed by an artist on the margins of the master's workshop

### Deciphering the EU's new rules on the import of cultural goods

Regardless of Brexit, new regulations aimed at curbing illicit trafficking are going to make buying and selling art more complicated

Buytewech was born and died in Rotterdam.   He was the son of Pieter Jacobsz, a cobbler and candlemaker. He learned his trade in Haarlem, where he became a member of the artists' guild (Haarlem Guild of St. Luke) in 1612, together with Hercules Segers and Esaias van de Velde. Frans Hals, who was a member of this guild since 1610, had much influence on Buytenwech's work, as shown by the many drawings that the latter made after Hals's paintings. After his marriage on November 10, 1613, with Aeltje van Amerongen, of a patrician family, he returned to Rotterdam. There Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh was one of his pupils.
 Buytewech was primarily a graphic artist, mostly of landscapes and genre pieces, but occasionally also of biblical and allegorical themes. Of his paintings only eight have survived to this date, all genre pieces, most depicting merry companies.


Fitzpatrick graduated from Kent State University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism and sociology.

(meta data) TITLE: Albert E. Fitzpatrick - National Press Foundation | NPF

Albert E. Fitzpatrick, a retired Knight Ridder news executive and journalist, is the former executive editor of the Akron Beacon Journal where he worked for 29 years.

He was the first black managing editor and executive editor of major metropolitan newspaper in the U.S.

He created the Minority Affairs Department at Knight Ridder, Inc in Miami, FL (parent company of the Beacon Journal) and retired as assistant vice president in 1994.

Fitzpatrick is founding chair of the National Association of Minority Media Executives; past president of the National Association of Black Journalists; past chairman of the Minorities Committee for Southern Newspapers Association, retired board member of the American Society of Newspaper Editors and member of the Professional Advisory Board of the Kent State University School of Communications.

He is the dean of the Albert E. Fitzpatrick Leadership Development Institute sponsored by the National Association of Minority Executives.

He was the first African American to win the distinguished Ida B. Wells Award.

Fitzpatrick, the seventh of 12 children, started his journalism career as a part-time sports reporter for his hometown paper, the Elyria Chronicle Telegram.

After spending six years in the Infantry and Air Force, Fitzpatrick enrolled at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and later transferred to Kent State where he majored in journalism and sociology.

He joined the Beacon Journal staff in that same year as a reporter on the state desk.

He was the first black to join the company of 600 employees in any capacity.

After serving two years as a reporter, he became farm editor and assistant state editor.

He then became a copy editor on the news desk, Assistant News Editor and News Editor.

He was later named Assistant Managing Editor and became Managing Editor in July 1973.

He was appointed Executive Editor in 1977.

Fitzpatrick directed the Pulitzer Prize-winning coverage of the Kent State disturbance in 1970.

The Beacon Journal assigned 21 reporters and editors to cover the incident which cost four students their lives.

After the initial breaking story the Beacon Journal had 27 stories of the Kent State incident the following day.

Fitzpatrick served on the Pulitzer Jury in 1975, 1976 and 1983.

He has conducted seminars and workshops in nine African Countries including a UNESCO Conference in Yaounde, Cameroon.

Other African visits included The Senegal, Liberia, The Sudan, Kenya (twice) Tanzania, Uganda and Botswana.

Allbritton Communications and Riggs National Bank

Hinrich Foundation Award for Distinguished Reporting on TradeInnovative Storytelling AwardThe Feddie Reporting AwardEverett McKinley Dirksen Award for Distinguished Reporting of CongressClifford K. & James T. Berryman Award for Editorial CartoonsBenjamin C. Bradlee Editor of the Year AwardSol Taishoff Award for Excellence in Broadcast JournalismW.M. Kiplinger Distinguished Contributions to Journalism AwardChairman's CitationCarolyn C. Mattingly Award for Mental Health ReportingThomas L. Stokes Award for Best Energy and Environment WritingWharton Seminars for Business JournalistsEvert Clark / Seth Payne Award for Young Science

JournalistsLaurence Stern Fellowship at the Washington PostExcellence in Online Journalism AwardThe One-Time Only "Shutdown Feddie" Award

Fitzpatrick was born the seventh of twelve children December 30, 1928, to Ben and Mary Fitzpatrick and raised in Elyria, Ohio. He had a passion for writing during his high school years.


It was released on October 27, 2014, by Stereotypes Music and Mass Appeal, in association with BMG Rights Management.

(meta data) TITLE: Danity Kane Announce Post Break-Up Album, Fans Can't Stop Crying - MTV

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2014-09-25 14:53

David Acosta/Celebrity Monitor/Splash News

# Danity Kane Announce Post Break-Up Album, Fans Can't Stop Crying

No, they are not getting back together (sad face), but they are releasing that brand-new album we waited desperately for ever since they announced their comeback.

That's right, Aubrey O'Day and Shannon Bex announced that their new album, DK3, will be hitting stores October 28.

I just want to let you know that I love you and miss you so much, and because you guys never gave up on us, Shannon and I haven't given up on you," Aubrey says in an Instagram video before Shannon adds the album release date.

The album goes up for pre-sale Friday at midnight.

DK fans clearly noticed that Dawn Richard was missing from the video.

Dawn and Aubrey reportedly got into a physical altercation after she supposedly found out that Aubrey and Shannon had recorded songs behind her back.

Aubrey filed a battery report against Dawn, and several days later announced the bands demise claiming that an "ethical and moral line has been crossed."

Dawn has yet to comment on the album, but that doesn't mean the fans haven't been full on freaking out and shedding a lot of tears over the news.

The DK3 album has been in the works for quite some time.

After reuniting at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards, the group released their lead single, "Lemonade," and embarked on the No Filter tour back in May.

Before they hit the road, member Aundrea Fimbres left the group to focus on starting a family.

"DK3" is the third studio album by American girl-group Danity Kane.


She still bowls for the Whitchurch Bowling Club in North Cardiff and in 1988 became the clubs first member to be capped by Wales.

(meta data) TITLE: History – Whitchurch Bowls Club

It was in April 1924, that a number of Whitchurch residents, who were interested in bowls, formed an association with the local Y.M.C.A. who were located at the rear of Penlline Road and had laid a Bowling Green for the benefit of their Members.

As there were not sufficient members in the Y.M.C.A. to make the section a financial success they welcomed the introduction of local players.

Hence, Whitchurch Bowling Club was formed, with the Y.M.C.A. undertaking the responsibility for the maintenance of the green and the Bowling Club paying them an annual sum, based on their membership.

The first records indicate that the total membership was 19 and applications were made to become an affiliated member of the Welsh Bowling Association, Glamorgan County Bowling Association and the Private Greens League.

In due course all applications were accepted to commence in 1925 and in that year it was agreed to extend the green, with the approval of the W.B.A.

The Y.M.C.A. paid two/thirds of the cost and the Bowling Club paid the difference.

At a later date the Bowling Club took over the responsibility for the maintenance and upkeep of the green and paid the Y.M.C.A. a revised annual rental for the use of the green only.

By 1933 our membership had increased to 42 and the social life of the Club was developed.

It was in October 1933 that the first dinner was held at a cost of 3 shillings (3s) per head.

In July 1946 the Y.M.C.A. notified the Club that they could no longer bear the expense of the green and the clubhouse.

The Bowling Club took over on a lease basis as from the end of that year, the cost of the lease to be £20 annually.

In early 1948 the club house was destroyed by fire.

An appeal was made to members for financial support for the erection of a new building at an estimated cost of £250.

1978 was a memorable year when electricity was connected to the club for the first time, until this date the club had been lit by gas lights!

The freehold of the club was also bought for the princely sum of £4000 and Lady Bowlers were admitted as members for the first time.

The ladies section went from strength to strength and leads the way in achieving international honours.

Nina Shipperlee became the first Club member to represent her country when she was selected for Wales in 1988.

Nina was selected for Wales, every season, with one exception, until 2006.

The height of her achievements was winning a Commonwealth Games Bronze medal in 2002.

Nina was followed into the Welsh team by Freda Humphreys in 1991 and Anne Smith 1999 – 2003.

Junior international caps were awarded to Rosemarie Price 1988 – 1995; Anne Humphreys 1988; Katie Lewis 2004 – 2013; Daniel Salmon 2008 – 2010 and Jon Williams 2013.

By 1984 the Club had outgrown the old clubhouse and the current clubhouse was designed and built.

Further modifications have taken place over the last 30 years with the club now able to boast some of the best facilities in South Wales and prides itself in its welcome for all opponents, be they local or visiting touring sides.

If you would like to become a member please refer to our membership page for details.

Retweet on TwitterWhitchurch Bowls Club RetweetedMerthyr West End Bowls Club@WestBowls·22 Aug

55th MWE Worthington Men's Open starts this Friday 2pm

Who will win the largest prize in Welsh Bowls ?

Full Bar Service / Food available all week

4Reply on Twitter 1164523405942693888Retweet on Twitter 11645234059426938883Like on Twitter 11645234059426938886Twitter 1164523405942693888Whitchurch Bowls Club@BowlsWhitchurch·18h

Penarth Windsor 51 (1) Whitchurch 103 (13)

Whitchurch visit Penarth Windsor this evening for our 13th PG1 fixture.

Can we maintain our 100% record and clinch the Div. 2 title tonight?

PG1 Leagues – EWPGBA https://t.co/GDCo3v9pyI

Reply on Twitter 1164519151219761154Retweet on Twitter 11645191512197611541Like on Twitter 11645191512197611541Twitter 1164519151219761154Retweet on TwitterWhitchurch Bowls Club RetweetedSt Fagans BC@StFagansBC·21 Aug

@PentyrchBowls @PenylanClub @RhiwbinaBowls @LlanbradachBC @bobjohn66 @OssieRVC @wingnut1927 @WestBowls @Houndsbig67 @YBCbowls

St Fagans are looking for a Triple on Sunday for their Tournament following a late withdrawal last night!

Reply on Twitter 1164286784144105472Retweet on Twitter 11642867841441054729Like on Twitter 11642867841441054721Twitter 1164286784144105472Whitchurch Bowls Club@BowlsWhitchurch·17 Aug

Reply on Twitter 1162805990829543424Retweet on Twitter 1162805990829543424Like on Twitter

Reply on Twitter 1161226300377509888Retweet on Twitter 1161226300377509888Like on Twitter 11612263003775098883Twitter 1161226300377509888Whitchurch Bowls Club@BowlsWhitchurch·10 Aug

Reply on Twitter 1160235492396490752Retweet on Twitter 1160235492396490752Like on Twitter 11602354923964907522Twitter 1160235492396490752Retweet on TwitterWhitchurch Bowls Club RetweetedBarry Athletic FC@BarryAthleticFC·6 Aug

A quiet oasis hidden away in the centre of @_BARRYISLAND_

Barry Athletic Club has provided residents of Barry and the Vale for over a century!

It's a volunteer led community that has something for all ages and abilities.

Reply on Twitter 1158758375355822083Retweet on Twitter 115875837535582208313Like on Twitter 115875837535582208319Twitter 1158758375355822083Whitchurch Bowls Club@BowlsWhitchurch·4 Aug

Nina Shipperlee is a former Welsh international lawn bowler.
 She was born in 1936 and won the bronze medal in the fours with Gill Miles, Ann Sutherland and Pam John at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.


In 2019 she became the first person with a disability to brief the United Nations Security Council on her experiences during the war in Syria and policy regarding disabled persons.

(meta data) TITLE: A Historic Journey in a Wheelchair from Syria to the UN | Human Rights Watch

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/HumanRightsWatch

Help us continue to fight human rights abuses.

# A Historic Journey in a Wheelchair from Syria to the UN

Nujeen Mustafa is First Person with a Disability to Brief Security Council

### Nujeen Mustafa: First Woman with a Disability to Brief the UN Security Council

That's how 20-year-old Nujeen Mustafa described the experience Wednesday of being the first person with a disability to brief the United Nations Security Council in New York.

In her address, Nujeen described what it was like in Syria when the bombs fell, her mother bringing her into the bathroom to hide and knowing their only escape was carrying her down five flights of stairs.

"Every day, I feared that I could be the reason that my family was one or two seconds too late."

During the briefing, I could see Nujeen's hands shaking as she spoke, but she delivered her message with poise and conviction: "This should not be just another meeting where we make grand statements and then move on

…you can and should do more to ensure that people with disabilities are included in all aspects of your work – we cannot wait any longer."

Nujeen Mustafa speaks at the United Nations Security Council briefing on April 24, 2019.

"Not a single person around that horseshoe table was checking their phone while Nujeen was speaking," one ambassador told me just after the briefing.

Security Council members thanked Nujeen for her courage and pledged that people with disabilities would no longer be invisible in the work of the council.

Nujeen vowed to hold them to that promise.

It was a quite an effort to bring Nujeen to the United States: the US government twice rejected her visa application but accepted it on the third attempt thanks to the efforts of officials from the UK, France, Germany, and the US.

But it was worth it to help a person with a disability from a country in conflict share her experience with the world's key decision-makers on peace and security, and make them take notice of the needs of people with disabilities.

After the briefing, as Nujeen and I took it all in outside the UN headquarters, I asked her how she felt.

"Hopefully, I left an impression on members of the Security Council.

It's about the one billion people with disabilities who I tried to represent today.

I hope the session will encourage the Security Council to take action to ensure that we live in a world where people with disabilities are no longer at a disadvantage just because we are different."

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Mustafa gained attention during her journey to Europe as a so-called "refugee celebrity", as she was interviewed by journalists while en route.
 In 2018, Mustafa was listed as one of the BBC's "100 Women".


On December 20, 2018, Tom Perez, the chairman for the Democratic National Committee, announced the preliminary schedule for a series of official debates, set to begin in June 2019.

(meta data) TITLE: DNC Announces Plan for 12 Presidential Debates, Starting in June – Variety

Read Next: 'Pose' Star Billy Porter Shares His Brand of Activism: 'My Equinox Membership is Canceled'

# DNC Announces Plan for 12 Presidential Primary Debates; First Slated for June

WASHINGTON — The Democratic National Committee announced a plan for 12 primary debates in the 2020 presidential cycle, with the first planned for June.

The DNC also said it was possible that a debate could be held over consecutive nights to deal with a potentially large field of contenders.

"My goal in this framework is to give the grassroots a bigger voice than ever before; to showcase our candidates on an array of media platforms; to present opportunity for vigorous discussion about issues, ideas, and solutions; and to reach as many potential voters as possible," Tom Perez, the chairman of the DNC, said in a statement.

Given the possibility of 20-plus contenders, the debates may take on even more importance, as so many campaigns will be reliant on the national exposure to stand out.

Sponsors and other details of the debates will be announced next year, as well as one of the more controversial aspects of the events: the criteria to get up on stage.

The DNC said the criteria, to be announced in January, will include "both polling and other objective measures that reflect a candidate's support, such as grassroots fundraising."

In 2016, candidates like Bernie Sanders and Martin O'Malley criticized the DNC for the way that the debates were handled, including the scheduling of some of the early matchups on Saturday evenings, when television viewership is traditionally low.

The DNC said for the 2020 cycle it will "seek to maximize the viewership of each debate."

The second debate will be held in July, and after a break in August, there will be one debate per month starting in September.

That schedule will continue through the end of the year.

Then, the remainder of the debates will be held through April, 2020.

The DNC also said that they will not attempt to segment candidates by how well they are doing in the polls.

If there is a need to hold a debate over multiple nights, there will be a public random selection process to determine which candidates will face off against each other each night.

That is different from the way that some of the early Republican presidential debates were handled in the last cycle, as lower-polling candidates were selected for an earlier-in-the-day "undercard" event and major contenders made it to primetime.

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### Sean Spicer Hopes 'Dancing With the Stars' Gig Will 'Move the Country Forward'

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Spicer told CNN on Thursday that his "DWTS" posting was about entertainment, not politics.

### Bolsonaro LGBTQI Outburst, Subsidy Freeze, Stirs Outrage

Ramping up the drive into censorship in Brazil, its Minister of Citizenship, Omar Terra, has suspended a call for applications for governmental TV funding – until new criteria are established for its application.

The country's secretary for culture, Henrique Pires, who reports to Terra, has resigned in protest of the incentive freeze.

### Cardi B Talks Police Brutality, Student Debt With Bernie Sanders in Nail Salon

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Cardi and the 2020 presidential candidate discussed everything from reinstating and expanding the DACA program to fixing student debt by placing a "modest" speculation tax [

### Jeffrey Epstein Autopsy Reportedly Finds Broken Bones in Neck

Jeffrey Epstein's autopsy results suggest that the the disgraced multimillionaire sustained multiple breaks in his neck bones, according to The Washington Post.

The report says one of the bones broken was the hyoid bone, which is near the Adam's apple in men.

Although hyoid breaks have been known to occur during a hanging, experts told [...]

### A$AP Rocky: A Swedish Take on the Case That Riveted the Country

With everyone from President Donald Trump to the Rev. Al Sharpton weighing in on rapper A$AP Rocky's detention in Stockholm after his involvement in a street brawl there, this peculiar saga seemed tailor-made for summer's silly season.

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### Jeffrey Epstein Autopsy Results 'Pending Further Information' Following Examination

Jeffrey Epstein's autopsy results are "pending further information," according to a statement from the New York City Medical Examiner's office.

"Today, a medical examiner performed the autopsy of Jeffrey Epstein.

The ME's determination is pending further information at this time," chief medical examiner Dr. Barbara Sampson said in the statement.

Sampson also confirmed the presence [...]

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He is a contributor to "Forbes" Magazine where publishes on all things digital.

(meta data) TITLE: Steve Andriole - Steve Andriole

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StrategySmall BusinessUnder 30Workday BrandVoiceMoneyAll MoneyBanking & InsuranceCrypto & BlockchainETFs &

BusinessU.S. BankWorkdayListsAll ListsAdvisorAll AdvisorThe Best Credit Cards Of 2019Best Travel Credit CardsBest Business Credit CardsBest Credit Card Sign Up BonusesFeatured30 Under 30

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# Steve AndrioleContributor|Enterprise & Cloud

ABOUTI am the Thomas G. Labrecque Professor of Business Technology in the Villanova School of Business at Villanova University where I teach strategic technology, innovation and entrepreneurialism.

I conduct research on technology management best practices, social media, analytics, cloud...

Read MoreLATESTARCHIVE289 views | 6 hours ago

## Data Into Propaganda - Watch "The Great Hack" & Worry Way Beyond Cambridge Analytica

Netflix's "The Great Hack" describes how online data can be used to profile and categorize people into actionable baskets.

Note that our digital life informs providers of products and services about who we are, what we like and what we fear.

This data is used influence and manipulate us.1,170 views | Aug 15, 2019

## Time To Take Action With Amazon, Capital One, Microsoft, AI, Surveillance, Broadband & BreakUps

Over the past year I've written about broadband access, loving/hating Amazon, the Capital One data breach, civilian surveillance, Microsoft, AI and the technology oligarchy, and over the past month or so all seven hit the headlines somewhere.

Time to react to major trends that define our lives.19,661

## Mueller Was Right: Read The New Senate Report On Russian Technology Meddling In U.S. Elections

The Mueller Report noted the many instances of Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election.

The US Senate just released a report that confirms the Mueller Report's observations.

The facts are disturbing: the Russians used a variety of technologies to interfere in the US election.2,853

## The Capital One Data Breach is No Exception & Why We Can Expect Many, Many More

Data breaches are increasing in number and severity.

Things will get worse as more and more data and applications move to the cloud and as the sophistication of hackers continues to rise.

The recent Capital One breach is just another in a very long list of breaches, which have become commonplace.578

## Do You Love or Hate Amazon, Facebook, CBS, Twitter, Eli Lilly & The Fresh Market?

Amazon's an online retail company, a cloud computing company, and a grocery store, among other things.

How should we feel about its workplace practices?

And what about Facebook, CBS, Twitter and Eli Lilly?

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Andriole was a monthly columnist for Datamation Magazine on business technology convergence for nearly a decade. Andriole was featured in Business Insider and Region's Business IT's All About the People was named the #4 Best Book in IT-Business for 2011 by CIO Insight Magazine.


In 2014, "Variety" magazine reported that, in addition to her voice role, Rihanna created a concept album for the film which was released on March 23, 2015.

(meta data) TITLE: Rihanna to Produce Concept Album for DreamWorks Animation's 'Home' – Variety

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# Rihanna to Make Concept Album for Upcoming Animated Movie

Rihanna will create a concept album based on DreamWorks Animation's toon "Home," out in theaters in November.

She will also perform new songs in the film.

DWA chief Jeffrey Katzenberg announced the news during the company's fourth quarter and full 2013 year earnings results on Tuesday.

"Home," formerly known as "Happy Smekday!," is based on Adam Rex's book "The True Meaning of Smekday" and features the voices of Rihanna, Jim Parsons, Jennifer Lopez and Steve Martin.

The film is directed by Tim Johnson, who helmed DreamWorks' "Antz," "Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas" and "Over the Hedge."

DreamWorks Animation will release "Home" on Nov. 26 through 20th Century Fox.

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### Album Review: Midland's 'Let It Roll'

At the end of 2019, if you tally up all the steel guitar playing that appeared on a mainstream country album released by a major label this year, chances are that at least 80 percent of it will have occurred solely on Midland's new album.

That's not the only reason to buy "Let It Roll," [...]

### Taylor Swift: Scott Borchetta 'Has 300 Million Reasons to Forget' Scooter Braun Warnings

In an interview with "CBS Sunday Morning," Taylor Swift charged that the president of her former label, Big Machine's Scott Borchetta, has a selective memory when it came to recalling just how she's long felt about Scooter Braun, who acquired her catalog when his Ithaca Holdings purchased the record company.

### Taylor Swift Downplays Association With Harvey Weinstein

Taylor Swift's association with disgraced movie mogul Harvey Weinstein was among the topics the singer addressed in a revealing new interview with The Guardian.

Weinstein held producer credits for the movies "One Chance" and "The Giver," both of which featured Swift — in the former, a song, and in the latter, a supporting role.

### Concert Review: Rolling Stones Gather No Sentiment or Flab at Fierce Rose Bowl Show

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### Album Review: Tanya Tucker's 'While I'm Livin''

Before there was a name and a place for it, an "outlaw" was what Tanya Tucker was in the years following her gentle country smash with the gospel lilt, "Delta Dawn," in 1972.

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In June 2012, it was revealed that Rihanna would star as the lead role in the film "Happy Smekday!", alongside American actor Jim Parsons. In September 2012, 20th Century Fox and DreamWorks Animation announced that the movie will be released for November 26, 2014. In June 2013, the film was retitled from "Happy Smekday!" to "Home".


She earned a Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance nomination for her performance as a fighter pilot in the play "Grounded" (2015).

(meta data) TITLE: Drama League Awards Nominations 2016 (FULL LIST) | Variety

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# Drama League Awards Nominations: Jessica Lange, Lupita Nyong'o, Jesse Tyler Ferguson and Lots More

"Hamilton," "School of Rock," "American Psycho" and "Waitress" are among the Broadway nominees vying for the new musical trophy at the 2016 Drama League Awards, with plays "The Humans," "Eclipsed" and "King Charles III" among those in the running for the new play award.

The Drama League nominations can look like something of a free-for-all, with four production categories that encompass an unlimited number of titles drawn from both Broadway and Off Broadway.

The nominees list for the League's single acting award stretches to some 50 names, this year including Anne Hathaway ("Grounded"), Jessica Lange ("Long Day's Journey Into Night"), Lin-Manuel Miranda ("Hamilton"), Lupita Nyong'o ("Eclipsed"), Michelle Williams ("Blackbird") and Jesse Tyler Ferguson.

'American Psycho,' 'She Loves Me' Lead Outer Critics Circle Nominations

With such an unusually crowded field of contenders, the Drama Leagues can't serve as much of a barometer for the theater world's overall awards season.

But they can at least confirm which of the titles might have some traction in the upcoming Tony noms.

"Tuck Everlasting," "Bright Star," "On Your Feet!" and "School of Rock" also made the list of show competing for the new musical award, as did buzzy Off Broadway outing "Dear Evan Hansen."

Sheldon Harnick, recently announced as the recipient of this year's lifetime achievement Tony Award, will be recognized at the Drama League Awards for distinguished achievement in musical theater.

Ivo van Hove, the director of well-received Broadway revivals of "A View from the Bridge" and "The Crucible," wins a trophy for excellence in directing.

The Drama League Awards — administrated by the titular nonprofit dedicated to theater development, support and education — will be handed out at the organization's annual luncheon May 20.

Zachary Levi and Megan Hilty will host the ceremony.

The full list of 2016 Drama League Awards nominations follows:

OUTSTANDING PRODUCTION OF A BROADWAY OR OFF-BROADWAY PLAY10 Out Of 12, Eclipsed, The Father, Gloria, Hir, The Humans, King Charles III, Marjorie Prime, The Royale, Skeleton Crew

OUTSTANDING REVIVAL OF A BROADWAY OR OFF-BROADWAY PLAYAwake and Sing!, Blackbird, Cloud Nine, The Crucible, The Gin Game, Long Day's Journey into Night, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Noises Off, Sense and Sensibility, A View from the Bridge

OUTSTANDING PRODUCTION OF A BROADWAY OR OFF-BROADWAY MUSICALAmerican Psycho, Bright Star, Dear Evan Hansen, Futurity, Hamilton, iOW@, On Your Feet!, School of Rock, Tuck Everlasting, Waitress

OUTSTANDING REVIVAL OF A BROADWAY OR OFF-BROADWAY MUSICALThe Color Purple, Dames at Sea, Fiddler on the Roof, She Loves Me, Spring Awakening

NOMINEES FOR THE DISTINGUISHED PERFORMANCE AWARDOne winner is selected from this category.

The recipient can only receive this award once during his or her career.

Alex Brightman, School of Rock, The Musical

Jessica Lange, Long Day's Journey into Night

Michael Shannon, Long Day's Journey into Night

The Drama League also wishes to acknowledge the previous recipients of the Distinguished Performance Award who appeared in New York productions this season:

Distinguished Achievement in Musical Theatre

Founders Award for Excellence in Directing

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In 2010, she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for providing her voice for an episode on "The Simpsons". The same year, she played the White Queen in Tim Burton's $1 billion grossing fantasy adventure "Alice in Wonderland". For her role as a free-spirited artist in "Love & Other Drugs" (2010), she earned a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. During this period, Hathaway also starred in a number of other box-office hits such as "Get Smart" (2008), "Bride Wars" (2009) and "Valentine's Day" (2010). She then went on to voice a Spix's macaw named Jewel in the animated comedy adventure film "Rio" (2011) and its sequel "Rio 2" (2014).
 Hathaway's another big commercial success came in 2012 with Christopher Nolan's superhero film "The Dark Knight Rises", which grossed over $1 billion worldwide. Her portrayal of the DC anti-heroine Selina Kyle in the film received considerable praise and won her the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, her performance as Fantine in Tom Hooper's epic musical "Les Misérables" garnered her widespread acclaim and won her the Golden Globe Award, SAG Award, BAFTA Award and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2014, she starred as a NASA scientist in Nolan's "Interstellar", which garnered her a Saturn Award for Best Actress nomination.


In Hebrew, "Rahab" (רהב), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms, was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term "Neptun" (נפטון) is commonly used.

(meta data) TITLE: Uranus and Neptune get Hebrew names at last - Haaretz - Israel News | Haaretz.com

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(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 18.08.2019 17:05

Trump - Iran - UAEShaked - NetanyahuIsrael - UAEGaza - IsraelTlaib - OmarTurkey - SyriaProfile

# Uranus and Neptune Get Hebrew Names at Last

Hebrew Language Academy unveiled the new names 'Oron' for Uranus and 'Rahab' for Neptune.

#### Send me email alerts for new articles by Yair Ettinger

In the end, Oron defeated Shahak and Rahab prevailed over Tarshish as the Hebrew Language Academy on Wednesday unveiled the new names of two planets referred to until now by non-Hebrew names.

Henceforth, Uranus will be known as "Oron" and Neptune as "Rahab."

Astronomy and language experts selected the four proposed names, but the general public was allowed to make the final decision.

The initiative to find Hebrew names for planets was first launched by Harel Ben-Ami and Lev Tal-Or, two instructors at the Unit for Science-Oriented Youth, which is part of Tel Aviv University's School of Education.

The project was part of UNESCO's International Year of Astronomy.

The vote, which was conducted via the web, was jointly managed by the university unit and the Hebrew Language Academy under the title "A Hebrew Star is Born" - a play on the title "A Star is Born," Israel's version of the popular television show "American Idol."

First, thousands of web surfers responded to an appeal to suggest names for both planets - which, unlike the other planets in the solar system, had never been given Hebrew names.

Then, the experts picked the four finalists and the final vote began.

"Oron" received 2,808 votes a replacement for "Uranus," far ahead of "Shahak."

Nearly 3,000 voters preferred "Rahab" for Neptune, more than double those who wished to see it named Tarshish.

Both Hebrew names were inspired by their Greek and Latin equivalents.

Rahab, like Neptune, comes from the nautical world: It is the name of a sea monster in the Bible and Talmud.

A source at the Academy said Oron was chosen partly because of its phonetic similarity to the word Uranus and partly because "Oron means small light - hinting at the pale light the planet emits when seen from Earth because of its great distance from the sun."

The initiators of the name change hope the planets' new names will catch on better than some other Hebrew neologisms, such as mirshetet for Internet, which has been largely forgotten.

"The reason I'm excited is not so much the Hebrew names but the very fact of exposing the Israeli public, including teenagers and youths, to the story of our solar system," said Prof. Avishai Dekel, an astrophysicist who chaired the judging panel.

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(meta data) TITLE: אוראנוס הוא מהיום אורון ונפטון מעתה רהב - הידען

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# אוראנוס הוא מהיום אורון ונפטון מעתה רהב

אבי בליזובסקי

כך הכריזו מרכז נוער שוחר מדע והמזכירות המדעית של האקדמיה ללשון העברית בטקס מיוחד לסיום שנת האסטרונומיה הבינלאומית

כוכב הלכת אורון.

צילום: וויאג'ר 2לציון

שנת 2009 כשנת האסטרונומיה הבין-לאומית, הכריזו מרכז נוער שוחר מדע באוניברסיטה העברית והמזכירות המדעית של האקדמיה ללשון העברית על מיזם יחיד מסוגו: בחירת שמות עבריים לכוכבי הלכת אוראנוס ונפטון. בראש ועדת השיפוט עמד פרופ' אבישי דקל מהאוניברסיטה העברית.

חמשת כוכבי הלכת הקרובים יותר אל השמש (לא כולל ארץ) מוכרים עוד משחר האנושות: ניתנו להם שמות של אלים מן המיתולוגיה היוונית-רומית: מרקורי, ונוס, מרס, יופיטר, סטורן. גם העברים הקדמונים נתנו להם שמות, ואלו הם לפי הסדר: כוכב (או כוכב חמה), נוגה, מאדים, צדק, שבתאי. כוכבי הלכת אוראנוס ונפטון נצפו בפעם הראשונה רק לאחר המצאת הטלסקופ, ולא זכו עד כה לשמות עבריים.

במיזם "כוכב עברי נולד" נקרא ציבור דוברי העברית לעשות היסטוריה אסטרונומית-לשונית: לתת שמות עבריים לשני כוכבי הלכת. הציבור נענה לקריאה והתקבלו מאות הצעות לשמות עבריים. הצעות אלו הועברו לחֶבֶר שיפוט בהשתתפות אסטרופיזיקאים בכירים ונציגי האקדמיה ללשון העברית. ארבעה שמות עלו

לבסוף אל שלב הגמר והועמדו להצבעה:

אלפי אנשים השתתפו בהצבעה האלקטרונית ובחרו בין החלופות.

אוֹרוֹן: 2,808

שַׁחַק: 1,539

תַּרְשִׁישׁ: 1,266

הסברים לשמות שנבחרו:

אוֹרוֹן – משמעות השם 'אור קטן' והוא מרמז על האור החיוור של כוכב הלכת כפי שהוא נראה מכדור הארץ בשל מרחקו הרב מן השמש; השם אוֹרוֹן קרוב בצלילו לשם הלועזי ומסייע בזכירתו.

רַהַב – ההצעה באה בעקבות משמעות השם נֶפְּטון – שמו של אל הים. השם המקביל לו במסורת היהודית הוא רַהַב – שמו של שר הים, "שָׂרוֹ של ים". כך למשל מתפרש בתלמוד הבבלי הפסוק "בְּכֹחוֹ רָגַע הַיָּם וּבִתְבוּנָתוֹ מָחַץ רָהַב" (איוב כו, יב) כמתאר את הניצחון על שר הים. השם רַהַב טעון קונוטציות מיתולוגיות כמו השם הלטיני.

: וויאג'ר 2רונית גדיש, המזכירה המדעית של האקדמיה ללשון העברית, אמרה במעמד ההכרזה: "יזמה ברוכה, רוח טובה וְהַטָּיית שֶׁכֶם של הרבה אנשים טובים – הצטרפו כאן יחד למימוש הָרעיון הייחודי, חסר התקדים, אולי ההיסטורי: נתינת שמות עבריים לְכוֹכבי לֶכת במהלך דמוקרטי באמצעות המרשתת.

לפני כשנה פנינו לציבור לשלוח הצעות לְשֵׁמות לִשני כוכבי הלכת שאיתרע מזלם ולא זכו לְהֵיראות לקדמונים, ולכן לא ניתנו להם עד היום שֵמות עבריים. והנה דָּרַך כּוֹכָבָם של כוכבי לכת אלו. ההיענות לַפְּנייה הייתה מרשימה. מאות הצעות – מקוריות, מלומדות, מפתיעות, יצירתיות, לעתים מוזרות, לעתים משעשעות הִגִּיעו לָאתר שנפתח בְּמִסגרת שנת האסטרונומיה הבין-לאומית.

רבות מן ההצעות לֻוּוֹ בְּנימוקים. הנה כמה מן הנימוקים שכתבו המציעים לַשמות שעלו לגמר:

יפה, פשוט וקליט, דומה למקור הלועזי"; "אורון הוא 'אור קטן' ואוראנוס הוא אור קטן באפלה של מערכת

שחק: "אוראנוס הוא אל השמים וחשבתי על שם משמות הרקיעים שצלילו נעים לאוזן.

"משמעו של שחק הוא גם נפולת ואבק ועל כן הוא מתאר גם את הצברו של הכוכב המורכב בעיקר ממימן והליום ובמרכזו ליבה מותכת של ברזל

רהב: "רַהַב היא מפלצת מיתולוגית, אולי אל הים, שמוזכר בתנ"ך (תהלים פט יא; איוב כו יב) וגם במדרש 'אַתְּ מוצא ששר של ים רהב שמו' (תנחומא במדבר, פרשת חקת סימן א)".

תרשיש: "תרשיש,

מאבני החושן, היא אבן הים, ומתקשרת לנפטון, אל

"יונה הנביא ברח הרחק לתרשיש – כדי שלא תשרה עליו הנבואה, ונפטון הוא כוכב הלכת המרוחק

לדברי גדיש הוצעו שמות רבים ומעניינים. בין היתר כמעט כל אבני החושן – בָּרֶקֶת, סַפִּיר, פִּטְדָה, לֶשֶׁם, שְׁבוֹ, שֹׁהַם ועוד – הוצעו כשמות לכוכבים.

"לאוראנוס הוצעו נגזרות מן המילה אור – אוֹרָן, אוֹרִיָּה, נָאוֹר, אוֹרָם, אוֹרִית, יָאִיר ועוד, וכמובן צירופים כגון "אוֹרנָס", "אורָז", "אורְזִיו". לנפטון, אל הים, הוצעו נגזרות וצירופים מן המילים ים ומים: מֵימַאי, יַמִּיָּה, מֵיאֵל, יַם-אֵל, ועוד, וּשאר שמות הקשורים לים, כמו נַחְשׁוֹל ומְצוּלָה. אלה שביקשו לשמור על צליל השם הלועזי, הציעו נַפְתָּלִי, נֶפְתּוֹחַ, נֹפֶת ונֹפֶךְ. רבות ההצעות שבהן הופיעו נגזרות מן הצבעים 'כחול' ו'ירוק'. היו שהציעו צמדים, למשל "אורים ותומים" – האחד לאוראנוס והשני לנפטון."

"לחבר השיפוט שהתכנס לפני כחצי שנה הייתה אפוא עבודה לא קלה של בירור השמות שיעלו לגמר. העיקרון שהִנְחה את הַחֶבֶר היה לִבְחור בְּשמות שיש עליהם הסכמה רְחבה – הן של האסטרונומים הן של הלשונאים. ארבעת השמות שעלו לַגְּמָר אכן זכו בַּהסכמה הזאת, משום שחָבְרו בהם צליל נָעִים ותוכן מתאים, ולא פחות משום היותם שֵמוֹת ותיקים בעברית, מוּכָּרים בְּמידה אבל לא בְּשימוש יום-יומי.

השָלב הבא, השָלב שֶלִפני האחרון, היה הצבעת הציבור. גם כאן הייתה היענות יָפָה של אלפי אנשים, בסיוע התקשורת שפרסמה את

לסיכום הודתה גדיש ליאיר גרינברג וצוות עמותת ראשית מדע שהקימו ותפעלו בהתנדבות את האתרים להגשת ההצעות ולהצבעה, ולחברי צוות השיפוט מקרב האסטרונומים ומקרב חברי האקדמיה ללשון: ד"ר דבורה לנג מנהלת המרכז לנוער שוחר מדע וטלי בן-יהודה מנכ"לית האקדמיה – שליוו את המיזם, היוזם לב טל-אור, שני המארגנים הראל בן-עמי מנוער שוחר מדע ורעות ברזילי מן האקדמיה וכן לדן כנר שהנחה את האירוע בהתנדבות.

אורנוס, הגדרות גופים במערכת השמש, נפטון

אבישי דקל, אורנוס, האקדמיה לשון העברית, נפטון

את מי מעניין בכלל עם יקראו לכוכב בשם כזה או אחר

פשוט נוראי "תמיד חיביים להבהיר את השפה.".

צריך שזה ישאר ככה

מרקורי-ונוס-כדור הארץ-מרס-יופיטר-סטורן-אורנוס-נפטון-פולטו

לא צריך את השטויות של שינוי שם בגלל שהוא לא עיברי לדעתי השמות(מעל) ישארו ככה תמיד

מסכן פלוטו הקטנציק המקופח,אפשר היה להלבין לו שם באותה הזדמנות של עיברות:)"תוהו"?

אני גם הצעתי שמות.מה אתם אומרים על השם לב ברזל לאוראנוס?(בחרתי שם זה כי ליבתו של אוראנוס עשויה ממתכת ששמה

היהודים תמיד חייבים להיות שונים מכולם. מעניין מה יהיה הצעד הבא – שם עברי לניו יורק? למוסקבה? לטורונטו?

בשורה התחתונה – הזוי, שלא לומר מטופש.

יש לא מעט ספרים בעברית המתייחסים לאוראנוס בשם אוּרָן. אורון זה די דומה, יש סיכוי שיתפוס.

אסטרונומיה –> "האם אלוהים הוא מתמטיקאי?" פרופ' מריו ליביו:

איזו תגלית חשובה למדע! מה היינו עושים בלעדי האנשים באקדמיה ללשון?

יש לי רעיון…למה שהמילה הרשמית בעברית לא תהייה "אוראנוס"? מי מפסיד

מזה השמות האלה? מילה אורון,עם זה אפשר להתמודד,אבל רהב?

אפשר לדעת מי העלה את השמות האלה ולמה? לא יכולתם להיות יותר יצירתייים?

מילה שלי,לא יתפוס,רק המדענים ישתמשו בשמות האלה

מצטער, לא בבית ספרנו. אצלי אורנוס יישאר אורנוס ונפטון יישאר נפטון.

אבי בליזובסקי:

הכתבות מפוהקות משעממות מה קרה.

חסר מקוריות יצירתיות.

ל4 – מה הטעם לתת לכוכב שלא קיים שם?

כן, יש לניביו ופלנט X שם עברי – כוכב (או כוכבי) לכת הלקוחים מתוך המדע הבדיוני והמיתולוגיה

יפה, סוף סוף העברית השיגה את הטלסקופ.

כל כוכבי הלכת שרואים בעין בלתי מזוינת כבר היה להם שם עברי (חמה – שבתאי).

אלה שרק הטלסקופ גילה – שם לועזי.

והנה תוקן המעוות.

לא נותר אלא להצטער שפלוטו הודח ממעמדו ככוכב לכת. הייתי מציע לקרוא לו 'אהוד' (ע"ש אולמרט). גם התגלה באיחור, גם ריחף בשולי המערכת, גם תפס מקום לא לו, וגם הודח בבושת פנים.

אני שמח מאד ששתי הבחירות שלי זכו! פרויקט מבורך בכל אופן, והייתי אף נותן לו סיכוי לא רע.

אז מה אתם אומרים, תתחילו להשתמש בשמות החדשים? אני בעד.

## כתיבת תגובה

האימייל לא יוצג באתר.

שמור בדפדפן זה את השם, האימייל והאתר שלי לפעם הבאה שאגיב.

חלל ואסטרונומיה

סביבה ואנרגיה

מחשוב וטכנולוגיה

ביולוגיה ורפואה

חברה והיסטוריה

Struve came out in favour of the name "Neptune" on 29 December 1846, to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Soon, "Neptune" became the internationally accepted name. In Roman mythology, Neptune was the god of the sea, identified with the Greek Poseidon. The demand for a mythological name seemed to be in keeping with the nomenclature of the other planets, all of which, except for Earth, were named for deities in Greek and Roman mythology.
 Most languages today use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet; indeed in Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星). In Mongolian, Neptune is called "Dalain Van" (Далайн ван), reflecting its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea. In modern Greek the planet is called "Poseidon" (Ποσειδώνας, "Poseidonas"), the Greek counterpart of Neptune.