premise: 3. Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Agreement, each party acknowledges that Confidential Information shall not include any information which: a. was known to the Receiving Party prior to the disclosure hereunder; b. was received from a third party not under an obligation of confidence to Receiving Party; c. is in the public domain at the time of disclosure hereunder or subsequently entered in the public domain without the fault of the Receiving Party; d. has been independently developed by an employee of the Receiving Party that has not had access directly or indirectly to Confidential Information, and Receiving Party can substantiate any claim of independent development by written evidence; or e. is required to be disclosed by law, provided however that the Receiving Party shall give immediate notice of any such request for disclosure and cooperate with the Disclosing Party in its efforts to obtain a protective order or other protection from the requirement or consequences of disclosure.