premise: This Agreement imposes no obligation upon the Parties with respect to any Confidential Information  (a) that was possessed by the receiving party before receipt;  (b) is, or becomes a matter of, public knowledge through no fault of the receiving party;  (c) is rightfully received from a third party not owing a duty of confidentiality to the disclosing party;  (d) is disclosed without a duty of confidentiality to a third party by, or with the authorization of, the disclosing party; or  (e) is independently developed.