premise: The protection to be accorded to the Confidential Information to be disclosed hereunder does not and shall not extend to any information which: (1) at the Effective Date is public knowledge or which subsequently becomes public knowledge other than by any breach of the terms of this Agreement; (2) is proven by Vendor by written evidence to have been already known to the Vendor at the Effective Date and not acquired directly or indirectly from ISCA, and such information has been obtained without restrictions on disclosure to others; or (3) is required to be disclosed by applicable law or order of a court of competent jurisdiction or recognised stock exchange or government department or agency with valid authority, provided that prior to such disclosure the Vendor consults with ISCA as to the proposed form, scope, nature, and purpose of the disclosure, co-operates with ISCA to limit the extent of the disclosure, and permits ISCA time to obtain legal remedies to maintain such Confidential Information in confidence.