premise: 3. This Agreement will impose no obligation upon the Receiving Party with respect to any portion of the received Confidential Information which: (a) is already known to the Receiving Party at the time of receiving such Confidential Information or is independently developed by the Receiving Party without reference to or use of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information; (b) is in the public domain prior to disclosure by the Disclosing Party, or subsequently enters the public domain without breach of this Agreement by the Receiving Party; (c) becomes known to the Receiving Party, without restriction, from a source other than the Disclosing Party or any of its employees or directors, without breach of this Agreement by the Receiving Party;