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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
They both conclude that the hard problem of consciousness
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
is BS.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
On one hand, you have some people like Daniel Dennett
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
who say that consciousness is just BS
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
because consciousness is the same thing as intelligence.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
There's no difference.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
So anything which acts conscious is conscious,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
just like we are.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And then there are also a lot of people,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
including many top AI researchers I know,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
who say, oh, consciousness is just bullshit
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
because, of course, machines can never be conscious.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
They're always going to be zombies.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
You never have to feel guilty about how you treat them.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And then there's a third group of people,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
including Giulio Tononi, for example,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
and Krzysztof Koch and a number of others.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
I would put myself also in this middle camp
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
who say that actually some information processing
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
is conscious and some is not.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
So let's find the equation which can be used
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
to determine which it is.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And I think we've just been a little bit lazy,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
kind of running away from this problem for a long time.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
It's been almost taboo to even mention the C word
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
in a lot of circles because,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
but we should stop making excuses.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
This is a science question and there are ways
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
we can even test any theory that makes predictions for this.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And coming back to this helper robot,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
I mean, so you said you'd want your helper robot
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
to certainly act conscious and treat you,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
like have conversations with you and stuff.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
I think so.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
But wouldn't you, would you feel,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
would you feel a little bit creeped out
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
if you realized that it was just a glossed up tape recorder,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
you know, that was just zombie and was a faking emotion?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Would you prefer that it actually had an experience
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
or would you prefer that it's actually
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
not experiencing anything so you feel,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
you don't have to feel guilty about what you do to it?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
It's such a difficult question because, you know,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
it's like when you're in a relationship and you say,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
well, I love you.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And the other person said, I love you back.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
It's like asking, well, do they really love you back
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
or are they just saying they love you back?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Don't you really want them to actually love you?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
It's hard to, it's hard to really know the difference
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
between everything seeming like there's consciousness
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
present, there's intelligence present,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
there's affection, passion, love,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
and it actually being there.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
I'm not sure, do you have?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
But like, can I ask you a question about this?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Like to make it a bit more pointed.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
So Mass General Hospital is right across the river, right?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Yes.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Suppose you're going in for a medical procedure
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
and they're like, you know, for anesthesia,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
what we're going to do is we're going to give you
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
muscle relaxants so you won't be able to move
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
and you're going to feel excruciating pain
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
during the whole surgery,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
but you won't be able to do anything about it.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
But then we're going to give you this drug
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
that erases your memory of it.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Would you be cool about that?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
What's the difference that you're conscious about it
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
or not if there's no behavioral change, right?
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Right, that's a really, that's a really clear way to put it.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
That's, yeah, it feels like in that sense,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
experiencing it is a valuable quality.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
So actually being able to have subjective experiences,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
at least in that case, is valuable.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And I think we humans have a little bit
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
of a bad track record also of making
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
these self serving arguments
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
that other entities aren't conscious.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
You know, people often say,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
oh, these animals can't feel pain.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
It's okay to boil lobsters because we ask them
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
if it hurt and they didn't say anything.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And now there was just a paper out saying,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
lobsters do feel pain when you boil them
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
and they're banning it in Switzerland.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
And we did this with slaves too often and said,
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
oh, they don't mind.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
They don't maybe aren't conscious
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
or women don't have souls or whatever.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
So I'm a little bit nervous when I hear people
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
just take as an axiom that machines
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
can't have experience ever.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
I think this is just a really fascinating science question
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
is what it is.
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
Let's research it and try to figure out
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
what it is that makes the difference
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
between unconscious intelligent behavior
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Max Tegmark: Life 3.0 | Lex Fridman Podcast #1
and conscious intelligent behavior.
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