Answer: minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income

Context: Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

Question: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?


Answer: taxes all imports

Question: What does it do in place of an income tax system?


Answer: United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal

Question: What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?


Answer: import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes

Question: What three things does the tax system depend on?


Answer: funds government and infrastructure expenditures

Question: What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?


Answer: listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds

Context: There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority.

Question: What does the Exchange specialize in?


Answer: the World Federation of Exchanges

Question: What is the BSX a member of?


Answer: an OECD member nation

Question: Where is the BSX located?


Answer: Australia

Question: Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status?


Answer: British Public schools and universities in the 19th century

Context: Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.

Question: Who created and popularized many of the sports that we love today?


Answer: sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team

Question: Why were sports important in these schools?


Answer: Former public schoolboys

Question: Who founded organizations like the FA?


Answer: association of football with the working classes

Question: What changed in 1885 due to the FA changing rules?


Answer: professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys

Context: The professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys. Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, Rugby football, and even tennis and rowing (rowing did not adapt well from British rivers to the stormy Atlantic. The officers soon switched to sail racing, founding the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club). Once these sports reached Bermuda, they were eagerly adopted by Bermudians.

Question: What happened to the Public schoolboys in these sports?


Answer: Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere,

Question: How were sports introduced in Bermuda?


Answer: rowing

Question: Which sport did not transfer well to Bermuda?


Answer: sail racing

Question: Which sport was quickly adopted?


Answer: national cricket team

Context: Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well-known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).

Question: What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?


Answer: Dwayne Leverock

Question: Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?


Answer: India

Question: Who defeated Bermuda?


Answer: annual "Cup Match"

Question: What began in 1872 when the game of cricket was introduced to Bermuda?


Answer: rivalry resulted from the locations

Question: Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?


Answer: sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events

Context: At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013.

Question: What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics?


Answer: made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games.

Question: What did Katura Horton-Perinchief do?


Answer: bronze medal in boxing.

Question: What is the only medal Bermuda has ever won?


Answer: march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts

Question: What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season?


Answer: The Bermuda Rugby Union team

Context: Bermuda has developed a proud Rugby Union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby 7's is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda 7's team competed in the 2011 Las Vegas 7's, defeating the Mexican team. There are four clubs on the island: (1) Police (2) Mariners (3) Teachers (4) Renegades. There is a men's and women's competition–current league champions are Police (Men) (winning the title for the first time since the 1990s) and Renegades (women's). Games are currently played at Warwick Academy. Bermuda u/19 team won the 2010 Caribbean Championships.

Question: Who won the 2011 Caribbean championships?


Answer: There are four clubs on the island

Question: How many clubs are on the island?


Answer: Police (Men)

Question: Who are the reigning league champions?


Answer: Warwick Academy.

Question: Where are the Women's games played?


Answer: 2010 Caribbean Championships

Question: What did the Bermuda u/19 team win?


Answer: 1914

Context: Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.

Question: When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?


Answer: British

Question: Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?


Answer: 1960

Question: When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?


Answer: 1967

Question: When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?


Answer: 2011

Question: When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?


Answer: Nigeria

Context: Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.

Question: Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?


Answer: 182 million

Question: How many people live in Nigeria?


Answer: seventh

Question: How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?


Answer: over 500

Question: How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?


Answer: English

Question: What is Nigeria's official language?


Answer: $500 billion

Context: As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.

Question: What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?


Answer: $1 trillion

Question: What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity?


Answer: 2014

Question: When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's?


Answer: Nigeria

Question: What is the largest economy in Africa?


Answer: 11 percent

Question: What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio?


Answer: 2002

Context: Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.

Question: When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?


Answer: Goodluck Jonathan

Question: Who is the President of Nigeria?


Answer: at least 12,000

Question: How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?


Answer: 276

Question: How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?


Answer: the Niger River

Context: The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.

Question: What is Nigeria named after?


Answer: Flora Shaw

Question: Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?


Answer: Central Sudan

Question: What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?


Answer: Tuareg

Question: What language does the name of the Niger River come from?


Answer: Niger

Question: Which river reaches Timbuktu?


Answer: Igbo

Context: The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.

Question: Which tribe ran the city of Nri?


Answer: 1911

Question: When was Nri taken over by the British?


Answer: lost-wax

Question: Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process?


Answer: the Eze Nri

Question: Who ruled Nri?


Answer: Umeuri

Question: Which clan is Nri in the territory of?


Answer: North Africa

Context: For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north.

Question: What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries?


Answer: Spanish and Portuguese

Question: Which countries' explorers were the first Europeans to trade with Nigeria?


Answer: Biafra

Question: Calabar is on which historical Bight?


Answer: Bight of Bonny

Question: What is the current name of the Bight of Biafra?


Answer: Oyo Empire

Question: Who were the major slave traders through Nigeria from the southwest?


Answer: 1807

Context: The slave trade was engaged in by European state and non-state actors such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal and private companies, as well as various African states and non-state actors. With rising anti-slavery sentiment at home and changing economic realities, Great Britain outlawed the international slave trade in 1807. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain established the West Africa Squadron in an attempt to halt the international traffic in slaves. It stopped ships of other nations that were leaving the African coast with slaves; the seized slaves were taken to Freetown, a colony in West Africa originally established for the resettlement of freed slaves from Britain. Britain intervened in the Lagos Kingship power struggle by bombarding Lagos in 1851, deposing the slave trade friendly Oba Kosoko, helping to install the amenable Oba Akitoye, and signing the Treaty between Great Britain and Lagos on 1 January 1852. Britain annexed Lagos as a Crown Colony in August 1861 with the Lagos Treaty of Cession. British missionaries expanded their operations and travelled further inland. In 1864, Samuel Ajayi Crowther became the first African bishop of the Anglican Church.

Question: When did Britain outlaw slave trade?


Answer: Napoleonic Wars

Question: After which war did Britain establish its West Africa Squadron?


Answer: Oba Kosoko

Question: Which Lagos king had supported the slave trade?


Answer: Lagos

Question: Where did Britain intervene in a power struggle?


Answer: Freetown

Question: Where did Britain take slaves it seized from traders?


Answer: the Berlin Conference

Context: In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference. The following year, it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie. In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate, and part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the independent kingdoms of what would become Nigeria fought a number of conflicts against the British Empire's efforts to expand its territory. By war, the British conquered Benin in 1897, and, in the Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902), defeated other opponents. The restraint or conquest of these states opened up the Niger area to British rule.

Question: Where was Britain's claim to West Africa recognized in 1885?


Answer: Royal Niger Company

Question: What company was led by Sir George Taubman Goldie?


Answer: 1900

Question: When did the British government take over the Royal Niger Company's territory?


Answer: 1 January 1901

Question: When did Nigeria become a British protectorate?


Answer: Benin

Question: Which country did Britain conquer in 1897?


Answer: Christian

Context: Christian missions established Western educational institutions in the Protectorates. Under Britain's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition, the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern, Islamic part of the country. Some children of the southern elite went to Great Britain to pursue higher education. By independence in 1960, regional differences in modern educational access were marked. The legacy, though less pronounced, continues to the present-day. Imbalances between North and South were expressed in Nigeria's political life as well. For instance, northern Nigeria did not outlaw slavery until 1936 whilst in other parts of Nigeria slavery was abolished soon after colonialism.

Question: What religion built Western schools in Nigeria?


Answer: northern

Question: Britain discouraged building Christian missions in which part of Nigeria?


Answer: Islamic

Question: What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria?


Answer: 1960

Question: When did Nigeria receive independence?


Answer: 1936

Question: When did northern Nigeria ban slavery?


Answer: a Commonwealth Realm

Context: Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth Realm on 1 October 1960. Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian-dominated National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) led by Nnamdi Azikiwe. Azikiwe became Nigeria's maiden Governor-General in 1960. The opposition comprised the comparatively liberal Action Group (AG), which was largely dominated by the Yoruba and led by Obafemi Awolowo. The cultural and political differences between Nigeria's dominant ethnic groups – the Hausa ('Northerners'), Igbo ('Easterners') and Yoruba ('Westerners') – were sharp.

Question: What was Nigeria's status after independence from the UK?


Answer: Nigerian People's Congress

Question: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Islamic?


Answer: National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons

Question: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Christian?


Answer: Nnamdi Azikiwe

Question: Who led the NCNC party?


Answer: Obafemi Awolowo

Question: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Yoruba?


Answer: 1966

Context: The disquilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led, in 1966, to back-to-back military coups. The first coup was in January 1966 and was led by Igbo soldiers under Majors Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. The coup plotters succeeded in murdering Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region. But, the coup plotters struggled to form a central government. President Nwafor Orizu handed over government control to the Army, then under the command of another Igbo officer, General JTU Aguiyi-Ironsi.

Question: In what year were there two military coups in Nigeria?


Answer: Igbo soldiers

Question: Which group led the first 1966 coup?


Answer: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Question: Which Prime Minister was murdered in the Igbo coup?


Answer: Ahmadu Bello

Question: Which Northern Premier was murdered in the Igbo coup?


Answer: Ladoke Akintola

Question: Which Western Premier was murdered in the Igbo coup?


Answer: Republic of Biafra

Context: In May 1967, the Eastern Region declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu. The Nigerian Civil War began as the official Nigerian government side (predominated by soldiers from the North and West) attacked Biafra (Southeastern) on 6 July 1967 at Garkem. The 30 month war, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and supplies, ended in January 1970. Estimates of the number of dead in the former Eastern Region are between 1 and 3 million people, from warfare, disease, and starvation, during the 30-month civil war.

Question: What did Eastern Nigeria want to call itself as an independent nation?


Answer: May 1967

Question: When did Eastern Nigeria declare its independence?


Answer: Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu

Question: Who led Eastern Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War?


Answer: 30

Question: How many months did the Nigerian Civil War last?


Answer: between 1 and 3 million

Question: How many people died during the Nigerian Civil War?


Answer: OPEC

Context: During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC and the huge revenue generated made the economy richer. Despite huge revenues from oil production and sale, the military administration did little to improve the standard of living of the population, help small and medium businesses, or invest in infrastructure. As oil revenues fuelled the rise of federal subventions to states, the federal government became the centre of political struggle and the threshold of power in the country. As oil production and revenue rose, the Nigerian government became increasingly dependent on oil revenues and the international commodity markets for budgetary and economic concerns. It did not develop other sources of the economy for economic stability. That spelled doom to federalism in Nigeria.

Question: Which oil group did Nigeria join?


Answer: the military administration

Question: Who failed to use the oil revenues to invest in infrastructure?


Answer: federalism

Question: Overdependence on oil income led to the fall of what form of government in Nigeria?


Answer: Olusegun Obasanjo

Context: Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari. The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society. The military coup of Muhammadu Buhari shortly after the regime's fraudulent re-election in 1984 was generally viewed as a positive development. Buhari promised major reforms, but his government fared little better than its predecessor. His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985.

Question: Which Nigerian leader transferred power in 1979?


Answer: Shehu Shagari

Question: Which Nigerian leader received power in 1979?


Answer: corrupt and incompetent

Question: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?


Answer: Muhammadu Buhari

Question: Who led a military coup against Shagari?


Answer: 1985

Question: When did another military coup overthrow Buhari?


Answer: Ibrahim Babangida

Context: The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country.

Question: Which Nigerian leader decided Nigeria would return to democracy in 1990?


Answer: International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program

Question: What did Babangida set up to help pay Nigeria's national debt?


Answer: debt

Question: What was most of Nigeria's federal income being spent on?


Answer: Organisation of the Islamic Conference

Question: What controversial religious group did Nigeria join?


Answer: 1992

Context: After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Babangida annulled the elections, leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively shut down the country for weeks. Babangida finally kept his promise to relinquish office to a civilian-run government, but not before appointing Ernest Shonekan as head of the interim government. Babangida's regime has been considered the most corrupt, and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria.

Question: To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy?


Answer: 12 June 1993

Question: When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election?


Answer: Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola

Question: Who won the 1993 Nigerian election?


Answer: weeks

Question: Babangida's reaction to the election results caused violent protests for how long?


Answer: Ernest Shonekan

Question: Who did Babangida appoint as head of an interim government when he finally stepped down?


Answer: 1999

Context: Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development.

Question: When did Nigeria regain democracy?


Answer: Olusegun Obasanjo

Question: Who won the 1999 Nigerian election?


Answer: almost 33 years

Question: Nigeria was under military rule for how long?


Answer: unfree and unfair

Question: How was the 1999 election regarded?


Answer: unfree and unfair

Question: How was the 2003 election regarded?


Answer: Goodluck Jonathan

Context: Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast. The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud, in contrast to previous elections.

Question: Who won the 2011 election?


Answer: Muhammadu Buhari

Question: Who was the CPC's 2011 candidate?


Answer: 22,495,187

Question: How many votes did Goodluck get in 2011?


Answer: 12,214,853

Question: How many votes did Buhari get?


Answer: Congress for Progressive Change

Question: What was the main opposition political party in 2011?


Answer: Federal Republic

Context: Nigeria is a Federal Republic modelled after the United States, with executive power exercised by the president. It is influenced by the Westminster System model[citation needed] in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature. The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms. In the March 28, 2015 presidential election, General Muhammadu Buhari emerged victorious to become the Federal President of Nigeria, defeating then incumbent Goodluck Jonathan.

Question: What is Nigeria's form of government?


Answer: upper and lower

Question: What houses does the Nigerian legislature have?


Answer: two 4-year terms

Question: How many times can a Nigerian president be elected?


Answer: General Muhammadu Buhari

Question: Who won the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?


Answer: Goodluck Jonathan

Question: Who lost the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?


Answer: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba

Context: Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.

Question: What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups?


Answer: 1960

Question: When did Nigeria get independence?


Answer: MASSOB

Question: What major secession movement has Nigeria had?


Answer: Oodua Peoples Congress

Question: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?


Answer: 223

Context: Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now All Progressives Congress has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (26.6% and 24.7%). About twenty minor opposition parties are registered.

Question: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the House?


Answer: 76

Question: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the Senate?


Answer: 96

Question: How many seats does the All Progressives Congress have in the House?


Answer: 27

Question: How many seats does the All Progressives Congress have in the Senate?


Answer: About twenty

Question: How many minor opposition parties does Nigeria have?


Answer: African National Congress

Context: Nigeria's foreign policy was tested in the 1970s after the country emerged united from its own civil war. It supported movements against white minority governments in the Southern Africa sub-region. Nigeria backed the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the South African government and their military actions in southern Africa. Nigeria was also a founding member of the Organisation for African Unity (now the African Union), and has tremendous influence in West Africa and Africa on the whole. Nigeria has additionally founded regional cooperative efforts in West Africa, functioning as standard-bearer for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and ECOMOG, economic and military organisations, respectively.

Question: What group did Nigeria support against white governments in Southern Africa?


Answer: Organisation for African Unity

Question: What group was Nigeria a founding member of?


Answer: the African Union

Question: What is the Organisation for African Unity now known as?


Answer: the Economic Community of West African States

Question: Nigeria is a 'standard-bearer' in what international group?


Answer: 60 to 80 inches

Context: Nigeria has a varied landscape. The far south is defined by its tropical rainforest climate, where annual rainfall is 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year. In the southeast stands the Obudu Plateau. Coastal plains are found in both the southwest and the southeast. This forest zone's most southerly portion is defined as "salt water swamp," also known as a mangrove swamp because of the large amount of mangroves in the area. North of this is fresh water swamp, containing different vegetation from the salt water swamp, and north of that is rain forest.

Question: How many inches of rain does southern Nigeria get each year?


Answer: tropical rainforest

Question: What type of climate is southern Nigeria?


Answer: southeast

Question: What part of Nigeria is the Obudu Plateau in?


Answer: rain forest

Question: What is Nigeria's northernmost climate?


Answer: butterflies

Context: The area near the border with Cameroon close to the coast is rich rainforest and part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion, an important centre for biodiversity. It is habitat for the drill monkey, which is found in the wild only in this area and across the border in Cameroon. The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies. The area of southern Nigeria between the Niger and the Cross Rivers has lost most of its forest because of development and harvesting by increased population, with it being replaced by grassland (see Cross-Niger transition forests).

Question: What does the Cross River State area of Nigeria have the world's largest variety of?


Answer: grassland

Question: Southern Nigeria is turning from a forest to what type of environment?


Answer: the drill monkey

Question: What type of monkey is only found in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon?


Answer: Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests

Question: What ecoregion is in Nigeria near the Cameroon border?


Answer: development and harvesting by increased population

Question: Why is southern Nigeria losing its forests?


Answer: savannah

Context: Everything in between the far south and the far north is savannah (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees). Rainfall is more limited, to between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in) per year. The savannah zone's three categories are Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, and Sahel savannah. Guinean forest-savanna mosaic is plains of tall grass interrupted by trees. Sudan savannah is similar but with shorter grasses and shorter trees. Sahel savannah consists of patches of grass and sand, found in the northeast. In the Sahel region, rain is less than 500 millimetres (20 in) per year and the Sahara Desert is encroaching. In the dry north-east corner of the country lies Lake Chad, which Nigeria shares with Niger, Chad and Cameroon.

Question: What type of vegetation is in central Nigeria?


Answer: between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in)

Question: How many inches of rain does central Nigeria get each year?


Answer: three

Question: How many subregions are there of Nigeria's savannah zone?


Answer: less than 500 millimetres (20 in)

Question: How much rain does the Sahel savannah area get per year?


Answer: Sahara

Question: Which desert is encroaching into northeastern Nigeria?


Answer: Lagos

Context: Waste management including sewage treatment, the linked processes of deforestation and soil degradation, and climate change or global warming are the major environmental problems in Nigeria. Waste management presents problems in a mega city like Lagos and other major Nigerian cities which are linked with economic development, population growth and the inability of municipal councils to manage the resulting rise in industrial and domestic waste. This huge waste management problem is also attributable to unsustainable environmental management lifestyles of Kubwa Community in the Federal Capital Territory, where there are habits of indiscriminate disposal of waste, dumping of waste along or into the canals, sewerage systems that are channels for water flows, etc.

Question: What is the largest Nigerian city?


Answer: municipal councils

Question: What type of groups have been failing to keep up with waste management in Nigeria?


Answer: Kubwa Community

Question: What Nigerian community has the worst unsustainable waste management?


Answer: Federal Capital Territory

Question: What territory is Kubwa Community in?


Answer: thirty-six

Context: Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West.

Question: How many states does Nigeria have?


Answer: Federal Capital Territory

Question: What non-state area does Nigeria have?


Answer: 774

Question: How many smaller areas are the Nigerian states divided into?


Answer: Local Government Areas

Question: What are the Nigerian states' sub-divisions called?


Answer: six

Question: How many geopolitical zones do people consider the Nigerian states to be in?


Answer: 30th in the world

Context: Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.

Question: Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?


Answer: Nigeria

Question: Which sub-Saharan African nation does the most trade with the US?


Answer: a fifth

Question: How much of the US's oil comes from Nigeria?


Answer: 11%

Question: How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria?


Answer: 8.3%

Question: How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009?


Answer: 1973

Context: The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2–4 km. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. While many international oil companies have operated there for decades, by 2014 most were making moves to divest their interests, citing a range of issues including oil theft. In August 2014, Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.

Question: When was the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field found?


Answer: 2–4 km

Question: What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?


Answer: middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap

Question: What type of geology is the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?


Answer: decades

Question: How long have international oil companies been in Nigeria?


Answer: USD 2.3 billion

Context: According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.

Question: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2004?


Answer: 17.9 billion

Question: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2007?


Answer: United States

Question: Which country has Nigerians sending the most money home?


Answer: United Kingdom

Question: Which country has Nigerians sending the second-most money home?


Answer: China

Question: Which Asian country has Nigerians sending the most money home?


Answer: Innoson Motors

Context: Nigeria in recent years has been embracing industrialisation. It currently has an indigenous vehicle manufacturing company, Innoson Motors, which manufactures Rapid Transit Buses, Trucks and SUVs with an upcoming introduction of Cars. Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers. In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country. In this regard, some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like Nissan have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria. Ogun is considered to be the current Nigeria's industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos.

Question: What is Nigeria's local vehicle manufacturer?


Answer: Zinox

Question: What is Nigeria's branded electronics manufacturer?


Answer: 2013

Question: When did Nigeria change its import policies to encourage local manufacturers?


Answer: Ogun

Question: What city is Nigeria's main industrial area?


Answer: Lagos

Question: What city is Nigeria's secondary industrial area?


Answer: 27 September 2003

Context: The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System. The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in demographic planning; to establish the relationship between malaria vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of meningitis using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders.

Question: When did Nigeria launch its first satellite?


Answer: Nigeriasat-1

Question: What was Nigeria's first satellite called?


Answer: Russia

Question: Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite?


Answer: four

Question: How many satellites has the Nigerian government commissioned?


Answer: NigeriaSat-2

Context: NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in Abuja. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China.

Question: What was Nigeria's second satellite called?


Answer: Surrey Space Technology Limited

Question: Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite?


Answer: United Kingdom

Question: Where was Nigeria's second satellite manufactured?


Answer: Abuja

Question: Where is Nigeria's second satellite's ground receiving station?


Answer: China

Question: Where was Nigeria's second satellite launched?


Answer: NigComSat-1

Context: NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency, NASRDA. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus, and carries a variety of transponders: 4 C-band; 14 Ku-band; 8 Ka-band; and 2 L-band. It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa, and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy.

Question: What was Nigeria's third satellite called?


Answer: 2004

Question: When was Nigeria's third satellite built?


Answer: 13 May 2007

Question: When was Nigeria's third satellite launched?


Answer: 11 November 2008

Question: When did Nigeria's third satellite run out of power?


Answer: China

Question: where was Nigeria's third satellite launched?


Answer: December 19, 2011

Context: On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite. NigComSat-1R was also a DFH-4 satellite, and the replacement for the failed NigComSat-1 was successfully launched into orbit by China in Xichang on December 19, 2011. The satellite according to then-Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan which was paid for by the insurance policy on NigComSat-1 which de-orbited in 2009, would have a positive impact on national development in various sectors such as communications, internet services, health, agriculture, environmental protection and national security.

Question: When was Nigeria's fourth satellite launched?


Answer: China

Question: Where was Nigeria's fourth satellite launched?


Answer: the insurance policy on NigComSat-1

Question: What paid for Nigeria's fourth satellite?


Answer: NigComSat-1R

Question: What was Nigeria's fourth satellite called?


Answer: NigComSat-1

Question: What satellite did Nigeria's fourth satellite replace?


Answer: 154,729,000

Context: The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December 2006 and gave a population of 140,003,542. The only breakdown available was by gender: males numbered 71,709,859, females numbered 68,293,08. On June 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan said that Nigerians should limit their number of children.

Question: What was Nigeria's population in 2009?


Answer: 51.7%

Question: How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was rural?


Answer: 48.3%

Question: How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was urban?


Answer: 167.5 people per square kilometre

Question: What was Nigeria's population density in 2009?


Answer: June 2012

Question: When did President Goodluck Jonathan advocate limiting childbirth?


Answer: English

Context: Even though most ethnic groups prefer to communicate in their own languages, English as the official language is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. English as a first language is used only by a small minority of the country's urban elite, and it is not spoken at all in some rural areas. Hausa is the most widely spoken of the 3 main languages spoken in Nigeria itself (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba) but unlike the Yorubas and Igbos, the Hausas tend not to travel far outside Nigeria itself.[citation needed]

Question: What is the official language of Nigeria?


Answer: a small minority of the country's urban elite

Question: How much of Nigeria uses English as a first language?


Answer: Hausa

Question: What is the most popular language in Nigeria?


Answer: Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba

Question: What are the top 3 languages in Nigeria?


Answer: 'Pidgin' or 'Broken'

Context: With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City.

Question: What is Nigerian Pidgin English often called?


Answer: Niger Delta Regions

Question: What regions is Nigerian English commonly spoken in?


Answer: rural

Question: What type of region does a majority of Nigerians live in?


Answer: indigenous

Question: What type of languages are the most popular in Nigeria?


Answer: Islam and Christianity

Context: Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres to Islam (mainly Sunni, other branches are also present). Christianity is practised by 58% of the population (among them 74% are Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 1% other Christian). Adherents of Animism and other religions collectively represent 1.4% of the population.

Question: What are the most popular religions in Nigeria?


Answer: a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions

Question: What religions does Nigeria have besides the top two?


Answer: over 40%

Question: How much of Nigeria's population is Muslim?


Answer: 58%

Question: How much of Nigeria's population is Christian?


Answer: 1.4%

Question: How much of Nigeria's population is Animist and other religions?


Answer: Sunni

Context: The vast majority of Muslims in Nigeria are Sunni belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence; however, a sizeable minority also belongs to Shafi madhhab. A large number of Sunni Muslims are members of Sufi brotherhoods. Most Sufis follow the Qadiriyya, Tijaniyyah and/or the Mouride movements. A significant Shia minority exists (see Shia in Nigeria). Some northern states have incorporated Sharia law into their previously secular legal systems, which has brought about some controversy. Kano State has sought to incorporate Sharia law into its constitution. The majority of Quranists follow the Kalo Kato or Quraniyyun movement. There are also Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya minorities.

Question: What type of Islam is most common in Nigeria?


Answer: Maliki school of jurisprudence

Question: What school of Sunni Islam is most common in Nigeria?


Answer: Sharia

Question: What Islamic law is being used in some Nigerian states?


Answer: Kano

Question: What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution?


Answer: about 50%

Context: According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.

Question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?


Answer: 40%

Question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?


Answer: 10%

Question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population followed local religions?


Answer: 48.8 percent

Question: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?


Answer: 49.3 percent

Question: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?


Answer: 74%

Context: Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community. In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Christian, the Yoruba tribe (predominant in the west) was 55% Muslim, 35% Christian and 10% adherents of other religions, while the Igbos (predominant in the east) and the Ijaw (south) were 98% Christian, with 2% practising traditional religions. The middle belt of Nigeria contains the largest number of minority ethnic groups in Nigeria, who were found to be mostly Christians and members of traditional religions, with a small proportion of Muslims.

Question: How many Nigerian Christians are Protestant?


Answer: 25%

Question: How many Nigerian Christians are Catholic?


Answer: 1%

Question: How many Nigerian Christians are Orthodox and other sects?


Answer: Hausa

Question: Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim?


Answer: Igbos

Question: Which Eastern Nigerian tribe is 98% Christian?


Answer: Since the 1990s

Context: Leading Protestant churches in the country include the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion, the Assemblies of God Church, the Nigerian Baptist Convention and The Synagogue, Church Of All Nations Since the 1990s, there has been significant growth in many other churches, particularly the evangelical Protestant ones. These include the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Winners' Chapel, Christ Apostolic Church (the first Aladura Movement in Nigeria), Deeper Christian Life Ministry, Evangelical Church of West Africa, Mountain of Fire and Miracles, Christ Embassy and The Synagogue Church Of All Nations. In addition, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Aladura Church, the Seventh-day Adventist and various indigenous churches have also experienced growth.

Question: When did many newer churches start growing in Nigeria?


Answer: the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion

Question: What is the largest Anglican church in Nigeria?


Answer: the Nigerian Baptist Convention

Question: What is the largest Baptist church in Nigeria?


Answer: 1987

Context: Health care delivery in Nigeria is a concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of government in the country, and the private sector. Nigeria has been reorganising its health system since the Bamako Initiative of 1987, which formally promoted community-based methods of increasing accessibility of drugs and health care services to the population, in part by implementing user fees. The new strategy dramatically increased accessibility through community-based healthcare reform, resulting in more efficient and equitable provision of services. A comprehensive approach strategy was extended to all areas of health care, with subsequent improvement in the health care indicators and improvement in health care efficiency and cost.

Question: When did the Bamako Initiative begin?


Answer: user fees

Question: Nigeria is adding what kind of costs to its healthcare system?


Answer: 1987

Question: When did Nigeria start reorganizing its healthcare system?


Answer: 3.1 percent

Context: HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits. As of 2012[update], the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was just 3.1 percent. As of 2014[update], Life expectancy in Nigeria is 52.62 years on average according to CIA, and just over half the population have access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; As of 2010[update], the Infant mortality is 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births.

Question: How much of Nigeria has HIV as of 2012?


Answer: 52.62 years

Question: What is Nigeria's life expectancy?


Answer: just over half

Question: How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water?


Answer: 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births

Question: What was Nigeria's infant mortality rate as of 2010?


Answer: Nigeria

Context: Nigeria was the only country in Africa to have never eradicated polio, which it periodically exported to other African countries; Polio was cut 98% between 2009 and 2010. However, a major breakthrough came in December 2014, when it was reported that Nigeria hadn't recorded a polio case in 6 months, and on its way to be declared Polio free. In 2012, a new bone marrow donor program was launched by the University of Nigeria to help people with leukaemia, lymphoma, or sickle cell disease to find a compatible donor for a life-saving bone marrow transplant, which cures them of their conditions. Nigeria became the second African country to have successfully carried out this surgery. In the 2014 ebola outbreak, Nigeria was the first country to effectively contain and eliminate the Ebola threat that was ravaging three other countries in the West African region, the Nigerian unique method of contact tracing employed by Nigeria became an effective method later used by countries, such as the united States, when ebola threats were discovered.

Question: What was the last African country to still have significant Polio problems?


Answer: December 2014

Question: When had Nigeria not had a reported polio case in 6 months for the first time?


Answer: 2012

Question: When did Nigeria launch a bone marrow donation program?


Answer: the University of Nigeria

Question: Which entity runs Nigeria's bone marrow donation program?


Answer: bone marrow transplant

Question: Nigeria was the second African country to perform which medical procedure?


Answer: the Ministry of Education

Context: Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for state-controlled public education and state schools at a regional level. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so that it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. 68% of the Nigerian population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%).

Question: What department runs Nigeria's schools?


Answer: After the 1970s oil boom

Question: When did Nigeria improve its tertiary education?


Answer: 68%

Question: How much of Nigeria's population can read?


Answer: 75.7%

Question: How much of Nigeria's male population can read?


Answer: 60.6%

Question: How much of Nigeria's female population can read?


Answer: drug trafficking

Context: Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking. Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. . The various Nigerian Confraternities or "campus cults" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria. As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities. The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members. On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.

Question: What is Nigeria's most popular organized-crime activity?


Answer: heroin

Question: What drug does Nigeria ship from Asia to Europe and America?


Answer: cocaine

Question: What drug does Nigeria ship from South America to Europe and South Africa?


Answer: 273

Question: How many civilians were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?


Answer: 84

Question: How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?


Answer: Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code

Context: Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed 419, a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the "Nigerian scam", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates. These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut. In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted. In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.

Question: What law is the Nigerian 419 scam nicknamed after?


Answer: the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission

Question: What organization was created to combat the 419 scams?


Answer: 2003

Question: When was the Nigerian EFCC created?


Answer: advance fee fraud

Question: What type of scam is the 419 scam?


Answer: bank

Question: What type of entity is complicit in the 419 scams?


Answer: 143 out of 182 countries

Context: Nigeria has also been pervaded by political corruption. It was ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index; however, it improved to 136th position in 2014. More than $400 billion were stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999. In late 2013, Nigeria's then central bank governor Lamido Sanusi informed President Goodluck Jonathan that the state oil company, NNPC had failed to remit US$20 billion of oil revenues, which it owed the state. Jonathan however dismissed the claim and replaced Sanusi for his mismanagement of the central bank's budget. A Senate committee also found Sanusi’s account to be lacking substance. After the conclusion of the NNPC's account Audit, it was announced in January 2015 that NNPC's non-remitted revenue is actually US$1.48billion, which it needs to refund back to the Government.

Question: In 2011 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking?


Answer: 136th position

Question: In 2014 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking?


Answer: More than $400 billion

Question: How much was embezzled from the Nigerian government in 1960-1999?


Answer: US$20 billion

Question: The state oil company NNPC was initially thought to owe how much to the government?


Answer: US$1.48billion

Question: In a corrected audit, the state oil company NNPC was found to only owe how much to the government?


Answer: the 1960s

Context: The Nigerian film industry is known as Nollywood (a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood) and is now the 2nd-largest producer of movies in the world. Nigerian film studios are based in Lagos, Kano and Enugu, forming a major portion of the local economy of these cities. Nigerian cinema is Africa's largest movie industry in terms of both value and the number of movies produced per year. Although Nigerian films have been produced since the 1960s, the country's film industry has been aided by the rise of affordable digital filming and editing technologies.

Question: When did the Nigerian film industry begin?


Answer: Nigerian

Question: Which African country has the continent's largest movie industry?


Answer: Lagos, Kano and Enugu

Question: Which cities are Nigeria's movie studios located in?


Answer: Nollywood

Question: What is the nickname for Nigeria's movie industry?


Answer: 2nd-largest

Question: Where does Nigeria's movie industry rank worldwide?


Answer: 1980, 1994, and 2013

Context: Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the "Super Eagles", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.

Question: Which years did Nigeria win the African Cup of Nations?


Answer: 1996

Question: When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal?


Answer: football

Question: What did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal for?


Answer: Argentina

Question: What country did Nigeria beat to win a Summer Olympics gold medal?


Answer: Super Eagles

Question: What is Nigeria's national football team called?


Answer: African Footballer of the year

Context: The nation's cadet team from Japan '93 produced some international players notably Nwankwo Kanu, a two-time African Footballer of the year who won the European Champions League with Ajax Amsterdam and later played with Inter Milan, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Portsmouth. Other players that graduated from the junior teams are Nduka Ugbade, Jonathan Akpoborie, Victor Ikpeba, Celestine Babayaro, Wilson Oruma and Taye Taiwo. Some other famous Nigerian footballers include John Obi Mikel, Obafemi Martins, Vincent Enyeama, Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Rashidi Yekini, Peter Odemwingie and Jay-Jay Okocha.

Question: Nwankwo Kanu won what honor twice?


Answer: European Champions League

Question: Nwankwo Kanu won in what championship league?


Answer: Inter Milan, Arsenal

Question: What team did Nwankwo Kanu go on to play on?


Answer: rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment

Context: Nigeria's human rights record remains poor; According to the US Department of State, the most significant human rights problems are: use of excessive force by security forces; impunity for abuses by security forces; arbitrary arrests; prolonged pretrial detention; judicial corruption and executive influence on the judiciary; rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of prisoners, detainees and suspects; harsh and life‑threatening prison and detention centre conditions; human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution and forced labour; societal violence and vigilante killings; child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation; female genital mutilation (FGM); domestic violence; discrimination based on sex, ethnicity, region and religion.

Question: How are Nigerian prisoners mistreated?


Answer: harsh and life‑threatening

Question: What are the conditions like in Nigerian prisons?


Answer: child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation

Question: How are children mistreated in Nigeria?


Answer: sex, ethnicity, region and religion

Question: What types of discrimination are common in Nigeria?


Answer: inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE)

Context: Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.

Question: How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back


Answer: Claudius decided the empire should not expand north.

Question: What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide


Answer: To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine

Question: What was built along the Rhine


Answer: These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers

Question: How many soldiers did the fortress hold


Answer: Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children

Question: Who settled near the fort


Answer: Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories.

Context: From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks, during Dagobert I's reign in the 7th century, a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress. In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

Question: Who raided German territories regularly


Answer: Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned

Question: When did the Romans leave Utrecht


Answer: Little is known about the next period 270–650.

Question: What happens between 275 and 650


Answer: a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress

Question: What was built in the 7th century


Answer: In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

Question: How was the the church destroyed


Answer: English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians

Context: By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops. From then on Utrecht became one of the most influential seats of power for the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The archbishops of Utrecht were based at the uneasy northern border of the Carolingian Empire. In addition, the city of Utrecht had competition from the nearby trading centre Dorestad. After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands. The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II).

Question: Who tried to convert Frisians


Answer: The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians

Question: Who did the pope appoint Bishop


Answer: Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops

Question: What did Charles Martel do


Answer: After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands

Question: What year did Utrecht gain in power


Answer: Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522

Question: What showed the importance of Utrecht


Answer: the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops

Context: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders. The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht.

Question: What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism


Answer: not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast

Question: What was part of the territory of bishopric


Answer: The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht

Question: What conflict affected Utrecht


Answer: the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders

Question: Who was in conflict with the prince bishopric


Answer: The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders

Question: What region was seized


Answer: The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress

Context: Several churches and monasteries were built inside, or close to, the city of Utrecht. The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress. The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire. The choir and transept were finished from 1320 and were followed then by the ambitious Dom tower. The last part to be constructed was the central nave, from 1420. By that time, however, the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished, the construction of the central nave being suspended before the planned flying buttresses could be finished. Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht: St. Salvator's Church (demolished in the 16th century), on the Dom square, dating back to the early 8th century. Saint John (Janskerk), originating in 1040; Saint Peter, building started in 1039 and Saint Mary's church building started around 1090 (demolished in the early 19th century, cloister survives). Besides these churches the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.

Question: What was the Most dominant Cathedral in Utrecht


Answer: The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire

Question: What began in 1254


Answer: the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished

Question: Was the cathedral finished


Answer: Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht

Question: How many collegiate churches existed in Utecht besides the cathedral


Answer: the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.

Question: What else was housed in the city


Answer: allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands.

Context: The location on the banks of the river Rhine allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. The growing town Utrecht was granted city rights by Henry V in 1122. When the main flow of the Rhine moved south, the old bed, which still flowed through the heart of the town became evermore canalized; and the wharf system was built as an inner city harbour system. On the wharfs storage facilities (werfkelders) were built, on top of which the main street, including houses was constructed. The wharfs and the cellars are accessible from a platform at water level with stairs descending from the street level to form a unique structure.[nb 2] The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy. The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding. This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the Hollandse IJssel at IJsselstein.

Question: What did Utrecht's location allow


Answer: Henry V in 1122

Question: Who granted Utrecht city rights


Answer: the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy

Question: What was the relationship with the bishop like for citizens of Utrecht


Answer: The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding

Question: What Industry did the bishop hurt


Answer: In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Context: In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V combined the Seventeen Provinces (the current Benelux and the northern parts of France) as a personal union. This ended the prince-bishopric Utrecht, as the secular rule was now the lordship of Utrecht, with the religious power remaining with the bishop, although Charles V had gained the right to appoint new bishops. In 1559 the bishopric of Utrecht was raised to archbishopric to make it the religious center of the Northern ecclesiastical province in the Seventeen provinces.

Question: What year did the bishop lose power


Answer: Charles V combined the Seventeen Provinces (the current Benelux and the northern parts of France) as a personal union

Question: What did Charles V combine


Answer: the prince-bishopric Utrecht, as the secular rule was now the lordship of Utrecht, with the religious power remaining with the bishop

Question: What did the loss of power end


Answer: In 1559 the bishopric of Utrecht was raised to archbishopric to make it the religious center of the Northern ecclesiastical province in the Seventeen provinces

Question: What was the bishop of Utrecht raised to


Answer: Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops

Context: The transition from independence to a relatively minor part of a larger union was not easily accepted. To quell uprisings Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops and were not willing to cede this to their new lord. The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city. The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt.

Question: Why was the transition to a new union difficult


Answer: The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city

Question: What was the purpose of the castle


Answer: The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt

Question: How long did the castle last


Answer: the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule

Context: In 1579 the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic. In 1580 the new and predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the archbishopric of Utrecht. The stadtholders disapproved of the independent course of the Utrecht bourgeoisie and brought the city under much more direct control of the republic; which shifted the power towards its dominant province Holland. This was the start of a long period of stagnation of trade and development in Utrecht. Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups, who included many rural nobility and gentry with town houses there.

Question: What was signed in 1579


Answer: The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic

Question: What is this union seen as


Answer: towards its dominant province Holland

Question: What became the dominant province


Answer: Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups

Question: What was the state of Utrecht


Answer: temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht

Context: The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht at the Old Hollandic Waterline. In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado. The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral of St Martin church which collapsed; creating the current Dom square between the tower and choir. In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Since 1723 Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world.

Question: Who did the fortified city fall to in 1672


Answer: the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado

Question: In 1674 what hit Utrecht


Answer: The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral

Question: What collapsed during the tornado


Answer: In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession

Question: What did Utrecht host in 1713


Answer: Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world

Question: Since 1723 what has Utrecht become


Answer: the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete

Context: In the early 19th century, the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete. The fortifications of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie were moved east of Utrecht. The town walls could now be demolished to allow for expansion. The moats remained intact and formed an important feature of the Zocher plantsoen, an English style landscape park that remains largely intact today. Growth of the city increased when, in 1843, a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened. After that, Utrecht gradually became the main hub of the Dutch railway network. With the industrial revolution finally gathering speed in the Netherlands and the ramparts taken down, Utrecht began to grow far beyond the medieval centre. In 1853, the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism once more. From the 1880s onward neighbourhoods such as Oudwijk, Wittevrouwen, Vogelenbuurt to the East, and Lombok to the West were developed. New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built in the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, several Jugendstil houses and office buildings were built, followed by Rietveld who built the Rietveld Schröder House (1924), and Dudok's construction of the city theater (1941).

Question: What hapend in the early 19th century


Answer: a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened

Question: In 1843 what brought growth to Utrecht


Answer: the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism

Question: What was reinstated in 1853


Answer: New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built

Question: what was built in the 1920's and 1930's


Answer: were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style

Context: The area surrounding Utrecht Centraal railway station and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style. This led to the construction of the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne (nl), music centre Vredenburg (Hertzberger, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal structure into a highway (Catherijnebaan). Protest against further modernisation of the city centre followed even before the last buildings were finalised. In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped. The music redeveloped music centre opened in 2014 where the original Vredenburg concert and rock and jazz halls are brought together in a single building.

Question: What was railway area developed into


Answer: the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne

Question: What mall was constructed


Answer: In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped

Question: What happened in the early 21 st century


Answer: About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare

Context: About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry. Approximately 10% of the population consists of immigrants from Western countries, while 21% of the population is of non-Western origin (9% Moroccan, 5% Turkish, 3% Surinamese and Dutch Caribbean and 5% of other countries). Some of the city's boroughs have a relatively high percentage of originally non-Dutch inhabitants – i.e. Kanaleneiland 83% and Overvecht 57%. Like Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague and other large Dutch cities, Utrecht faces some socio-economic problems. About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare (17% of all households). Boroughs such as Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate.

Question: What Socio economic problems does Utrecht face


Answer: About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry

Question: percentage of population that's dutch


Answer: Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate

Question: What boroughs are known for high crime


Answer: which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary.

Context: Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen. It is sometimes argued that the close by municipalities De Bilt, Zeist, Houten, Vianen, Driebergen-Rijsenburg (Utrechtse Heuvelrug), and Bunnik should also be counted towards the Utrecht agglomeration, bringing the total to 640,000 inhabitants. The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants.

Question: What does the dense population make difficult


Answer: smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen

Question: Least populates areas of Utrecht


Answer: The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants

Question: More populated areas include


Answer: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin

Context: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being constructed that will become part of the skyline of Utrecht. The second tallest building of the city, the Rabobank-tower, was completed in 2010 and stands 105 m (344.49 ft) tall. Two antennas will increase that height to 120 m (393.70 ft). Two other buildings were constructed around the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007). These buildings, the 'Kantoortoren Galghenwert' and 'Apollo Residence', stand 85.5 and 64.5 metres high respectively.

Question: what dominates the cityscape


Answer: An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m)

Question: What is being debated in Utrecht


Answer: the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007)

Question: What is the name of the stadium


Answer: the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city

Context: Another landmark is the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city. The Oudegracht is a curved canal, partly following the ancient main branch of the Rhine. It is lined with the unique wharf-basement structures that create a two-level street along the canals. The inner city has largely retained its Medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact. Because of the role of Utrecht as a fortified city, construction outside the medieval centre and its city walls was restricted until the 19th century. Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late 19th- and early 20th-century neighbourhoods, with newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out. The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open. The Dutch Water Line, moved east of the city in the early 19th century required open lines of fire, thus prohibiting all permanent constructions until the middle of the 20th century on the east side of the city.

Question: What is a landmark in the city


Answer: The inner city has largely retained its Medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact

Question: What does the inner city look like


Answer: Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late 19th- and early 20th-century neighbourhoods, with newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out

Question: What surrounds the mid-evil inner city


Answer: The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open

Question: What part of the city remains open


Answer: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht

Context: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht. There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities; direct services to Schiphol Airport. Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service to (among others) Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal. Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations: Utrecht Lunetten, Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn, Utrecht Overvecht, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht Terwijde, Utrecht Zuilen and Vleuten. A former station Utrecht Maliebaan closed in 1939 and has since been converted into the Dutch Railway Museum.

Question: What is the main railway station


Answer: Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service

Question: Does the rail station provide 24 hour service


Answer: International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal

Question: Are there rail services to Germany


Answer: local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations

Question: where to regular local trains provide service


Answer: The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances

Context: The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances. Due to large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently. As a general rule, westbound buses depart from the bus station on the west entrance, other buses from the east side station. Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district. The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport. Regional buses from the city are operated by Arriva and Connexxion.

Question: Where is the bus station located


Answer: large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently

Question: renovations are causing what changes


Answer: Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district

Question: what is qbuzz


Answer: The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport

Question: What is one of Europes cleanest


Answer: Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle

Context: Like most Dutch cities, Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle, more than any other mode of transport. (Cars, for example, account for 30% of trips). Bicycles are used by young and old people, and by individuals and families. They are mostly traditional, upright, steel-framed bicycles, with few or no gears. There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children. As thousands of bicycles are parked haphazardly in town, creating an eyesore but also impeding pedestrians, the City Council decided in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station. This 3-floor construction will cost an estimated 48 million Euro and will hold 12,500 bicycles. Completion is foreseen in 2018.

Question: What does Utrecht provide for cyclist


Answer: There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children

Question: What is a barrow bikes use


Answer: in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station

Question: utrecht built the worlds largest what ?


Answer: well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht:

Context: Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany. Other major motorways in the area are the Almere–Breda A27 and the Utrecht–Groningen A28. Due to the increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants. This has led to a passionate debate in the city about the best way to improve the city's air quality.

Question: Is Utrecht connected to the Dutch road system


Answer: A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany

Question: What countries do the A12 and A2 connect


Answer: increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants

Question: What does traffic elevate