Answer: Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake

Context: Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the centre of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (秣陵) to Jianye (建鄴) shortly thereafter.

Question: What lakes are in the middle of Nanjing?


Answer: evergreens and oaks

Question: What type of trees are on Purple Mountain?


Answer: Liu Bei

Question: Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital?


Answer: Nanjing's impeccable geographic position

Question: What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing?


Answer: the Yangtze River and mountains

Question: What is Nanjing surrounded by?


Answer: 2 December 2013

Context: A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.

Question: When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China?


Answer: five straight days

Question: How long was Nanjing ranked as "severely polluted" during this wave?


Answer: From 5 to 6 December

Question: On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution?


Answer: "People's Government of Nanjing City"

Context: At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.

Question: What is the full name for Nanjing's government?


Answer: one-party

Question: How many parties rule Nanjing?


Answer: the CPC

Question: What party rules Nanjing?


Answer: the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary

Question: Who is considered to be the governor of Nanjing?


Answer: the mayor

Question: who is the executive leader of Nanjing, working under the secretary?


Answer: 8.005 million

Context: According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.

Question: What was the population of Nanjing in 2010?


Answer: 8.11 million

Question: What was the estimated population of Nanjing in 2011?


Answer: the Sixth China Census

Question: How was the population figure for 2010 obtained?


Answer: 8.86 percent

Question: What was Nanjing's birth rate?


Answer: 6.47 million

Question: How many people were considered to be living in the urban portion of Nanjing?


Answer: Han nationality

Context: As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population.

Question: What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in Nanjing?


Answer: Hui nationalities

Question: What minority nationality is most common?


Answer: Manchu

Question: What is the second most common minority group in Nanjing?


Answer: 2,311

Question: How many people of Manchu descent live in Nanjing?


Answer: 50

Question: How many minority nationality types does Nanjing contain?


Answer: minting

Context: Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming dynasty, Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and the world. It led in textiles, minting, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in East Asia. Textiles boomed particularly in Qing dynasty, the industry created around 200 thousand jobs and there were about 50 thousand satin machines in the city in 18th and 19th century.

Question: In addition to textiles, what other industry is Nanjing known for, since the Three Kingdoms period?


Answer: its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation

Question: Why is Nanjing so strong in textiles and minting?


Answer: Ming

Question: During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia?


Answer: Qing

Question: In what dynasty were textiles particularly popular?


Answer: around 200 thousand jobs

Question: During the textile boom, how many jobs were created?


Answer: Into the first half of the twentieth century

Context: Into the first half of the twentieth century after the establishment of ROC, Nanjing gradually shifted from being a production hub towards being a heavy consumption city, mainly because of the rapid expansion of its wealthy population after Nanjing once again regained the political spotlight of China. A number of huge department stores such as Zhongyang Shangchang sprouted up, attracting merchants from all over China to sell their products in Nanjing. In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry. One third of the city population worked in the service industry, .

Question: In what time period did Nanjing transform from a producer to more of a consumer city?


Answer: the rapid expansion of its wealthy population

Question: What mostly caused the shift to a consumer city?


Answer: huge department stores

Question: What is Zhongyang Shangchang?


Answer: 1933

Question: In what year did the revenue of food and entertainment eclipse the output of industry?


Answer: One third of the city population

Question: How much of the population worked in a service capacity at that time?


Answer: a series of state-owned heavy industries

Context: In the 1950s after PRC was established by CPC, the government invested heavily in the city to build a series of state-owned heavy industries, as part of the national plan of rapid industrialization, converting it into a heavy industry production centre of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s. From 1960s to 1980s there were Five Pillar Industries, namely, electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power, each with big state-owned firms. After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless.

Question: What did the government build in Nanjing during the 1950's?


Answer: negative economic growth

Question: The mistakes the government made during this period resulted in what type of growth?


Answer: Five

Question: How many Pillar industries were there from the 1960s to the 1980s?


Answer: large numbers of layoff

Question: The inability to compete with multinational firms led to what for workers?


Answer: “world-class”

Question: The government wanted Nanjing to be what kind of industrial city?


Answer: Service industries

Context: The current economy of the city is basically newly developed based on the past. Service industries are dominating, accounting for about 60 percent of the GDP of the city, and financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry are top 3 of them. Industries of information technology, energy saving and environmental protection, new energy, smart power grid and intelligent equipment manufacturing have become pillar industries. Big private firms include Suning, Yurun, Sanpower, Fuzhong, Hiteker, 5stars, Jinpu, Tiandi, CTTQ Pharmaceutical and Simcere Pharmaceutical. Big state-owned firms include Panda Electronics, Yangzi Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, Nanjing Chemical, Nanjing Steel, Jincheng Motors, Jinling Pharmaceutical, Chenguang and NARI. The city has also attracted foreign investment, multinational firms such as Siemens, Ericsson, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. Smith, and Sharp have established their lines, and a number of multinationals such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP established research center there. Many China-based leading firms such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have key R & D institutes in the city. Nanjing is an industrial technology research and development hub, hosting many R & D centers and institutions, especially in areas of electronics technology, information technology, computer software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology and new material technology.

Question: What type of industries are now dominant in Nanjing?


Answer: about 60 percent

Question: How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to?


Answer: many R & D centers and institutions

Question: Companies such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have built what in Nanjing?


Answer: research center

Question: Companies such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP have built what in Nanjing?


Answer: financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry

Question: The top 3 industries in Nanjing are?


Answer: RMB 801 billion

Context: In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 36,200, while the average rural resident's net income was RMB 14,513. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009.

Question: What was Nanjing's GDP in 2013?


Answer: RMB 98,174(US$16041)

Question: What was Nanjing's GDP per person in 2013?


Answer: increase

Question: Was the GDP in 2013 an increase or decrease over 2012's levels?


Answer: lower than the national average

Question: How was Nanjing's unemployment rate, compared to the nation as a whole?


Answer: 12th

Question: What was Nanjing's GDP ranking in all of China for 2013?


Answer: land, water and air

Context: Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens. As of October 2014, Nanjing had five bridges and two tunnels over the Yangtze River, which are tying districts north of the river with the city centre on the south bank.

Question: What are the three types of transport in Nanjing?


Answer: public transportation

Question: What is the most popular method of travel for citizens?


Answer: five

Question: How many bridges does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River?


Answer: two

Question: How many tunnels does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River?


Answer: on the south bank

Question: Where is the city centre located?


Answer: eastern China

Context: Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China. It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing–Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi), and the Nanjing-Xian (Ningxi) which encompasses the Hefei–Nanjing Railway. Nanjing is connected to the national high-speed railway network by Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, with several more high-speed rail lines under construction.

Question: Nanjing's railway is important, and is located in what region of China?


Answer: Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)

Question: What line does Nanjing serve as a railway junction for?


Answer: the old Jinpu and Huning Railways

Question: What lines comprise the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) line?


Answer: Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line

Question: What high-speed railway is Nanjing connected to that contains Shanghai?


Answer: several more high-speed rail lines

Question: What type of railway lines are now under construction?


Answer: 17

Context: Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011.

Question: How many railway stations are there in Nanjing?


Answer: Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station

Question: Which are the two most prominent railway stations?


Answer: 1968

Question: When was the Nanjing Railway Station originally constructed?


Answer: 2005

Question: In what year was the Nanjing Railway Station re-built?


Answer: Nanjing South Railway Station

Question: Which station is one of the 5 hub stations on the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway line?


Answer: Express highways

Context: Express highways such as Hu–Ning, Ning–He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometres per hundred square kilometrs (5.44 mi/100 sq mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112.56 kilometres per hundred square kilometres (181.15 mi/100 sq mi). The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong. The two roads cross in the city centre, Xinjiekou.

Question: What type of highways let commuters get to cities fast?


Answer: 140 mi

Question: How many miles of highways are in Nanjing?


Answer: Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong

Question: What are the names of the artery roads in Nanjing?


Answer: in the city centre, Xinjiekou

Question: Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong cross each other in what area of Nanjing?


Answer: 181.15 mi/100 sq mi

Question: What is the total coverage of the city with roads, in miles?


Answer: bus, taxi and metro systems

Context: The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on September 3, 2005, with 16 stations and a length of 21.72 km. Line 2 and the 24.5 km-long south extension of Line 1 officially opened to passenger service on May 28, 2010. At present, Nanjing has a metro system with a grand total of 223.6 kilometers (138.9 mi) of route and 121 stations. They are Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 10, Line S1 and Line S8. The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and light-rail system by 2030. The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate the intracity transportation and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion.

Question: What are the main types of public transportation?


Answer: three companies

Question: How many companies are involved with the network of buses?


Answer: 121 stations

Question: How many stations are there in total in the Nanjing metro system?


Answer: 2030

Question: When does Nanjing expect to finish it's light rail line?


Answer: more than 370 routes

Question: How many bus routes are there in Nanjing?


Answer: Lukou International Airport

Context: Nanjing's airport, Lukou International Airport, serves both national and international flights. In 2013, Nanjing airport handled 15,011,792 passengers and 255,788.6 tonnes of freight. The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, USA and Germany. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometre (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. A railway Ninggao Intercity Line is being built to link the airport with Nanjing South Railway Station. Lukou Airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport as the main airport serving Nanjing. Dajiaochang Airport is still used as a military air base.

Question: What is Nanjing's airport called?


Answer: 85 routes

Question: How many routes does Nanjing's airport run?


Answer: 15,011,792 passengers

Question: How many passengers did the airport service in 2013?


Answer: 28 June 1997

Question: When did the airport open for business?


Answer: Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport

Question: What airport was the primary airport before Lukou?


Answer: Port of Nanjing

Context: Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012. The port area is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. As of 2010, it operated six public ports and three industrial ports.

Question: What is the largest inland port for China?


Answer: 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length

Question: How long is the Port of Nanjing?


Answer: 64

Question: How many berths does the Port contain?


Answer: March 2004

Question: When did Longtan Containers Port Area open up?


Answer: one million container-capacity

Question: How many containers can Longtan Containers Port Area handle?


Answer: the 1960s

Context: In the 1960s, the first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed, and served as the only bridge crossing over the Lower Yangtze in eastern China at that time. The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise. Begun in 1960 and opened to traffic in 1968, the bridge is a two-tiered road and rail design spanning 4,600 metres on the upper deck, with approximately 1,580 metres spanning the river itself. Since then four more bridges and two tunnels have been built. Going in the downstream direction, the Yangtze crossings in Nanjing are: Dashengguan Bridge, Line 10 Metro Tunnel, Third Bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel, First Bridge, Second Bridge and Fourth Bridge.

Question: When was the very first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge finished?


Answer: symbol of modern China

Question: What was the symbolism of the bridge?


Answer: 1968

Question: When did the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge first open for traffic?


Answer: a two-tiered road and rail design

Question: What type of design is the bridge?


Answer: four

Question: How many more bridges have been built since the first one was completed?


Answer: four

Context: Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived.

Question: How many ancient capitals does China have in its history?


Answer: intellectuals

Question: What type of people does Nanjing draw because of its culture?


Answer: the Tang and Song dynasties

Question: In what dynasties did poets congregate in Nanjing?


Answer: the Ming and Qing dynasties

Question: When did the city serve as the official imperial examination centre?


Answer: Jiangnan Examination Hall

Question: What was the name of the examination centre?


Answer: as a “city of culture”

Context: Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a “city of culture” and one of the more pleasant cities to live in China.

Question: How is Nanjing seen, from a cultural perspective?


Answer: local educational institutions

Question: Who provides strong support to Nanjing?


Answer: Nanjing

Question: What city is considered one of the more pleasant cities to live in, by the Chinese?


Answer: a long cultural tradition

Question: Does Nanjing have a long or short tradition of culture?


Answer: Nanjing

Context: Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute and Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company among others.

Question: Where do some of the country's most prominent art groups call home?


Answer: Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute

Question: Which opera company is based in Nanjing?


Answer: Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company

Question: What art company is based in Nanjing?


Answer: the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company

Question: Name two dance groups that are based in Nanjing:


Answer: Kunqu

Context: Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre.

Question: What is the name of China's oldest stage art?


Answer: Jiangsu Province Kun Opera

Question: What is one of the best theatres for Kunqu?


Answer: a conservative and traditional troupe

Question: What type of troupe is Jiangsu Province Kun Opera considered to be?


Answer: Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing

Question: What other types of operas are performed in Nanjing?


Answer: Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre

Question: What other types of theater performance are seen in Nanjing?


Answer: Jiangsu Art Gallery

Context: Jiangsu Art Gallery is the largest gallery in Jiangsu Province, presenting some of the best traditional and contemporary art pieces of China; many other smaller-scale galleries, such as Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery, also have their own special exhibitions.

Question: What is the name of the largest art gallery in Jiangsu Province?


Answer: traditional and contemporary art pieces of China

Question: What type of art does Jiangsu Art Gallery contain?


Answer: Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery

Question: What are two smaller galleries in Nanjing?


Answer: their own special exhibitions

Question: What type of exhibitions do Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery show?


Answer: January 16

Context: Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar). Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese.

Question: When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?


Answer: bathing in Qing Xi

Question: On March 3, what festival was celebrated in ancient times?


Answer: hill hiking

Question: What did citizens used to do on September 9?


Answer: Chinese lunar calendar

Question: Where can one find the dates of more old festivals?


Answer: Almost none of them

Question: How many of these old festivals are still celebrated by residents of Nanjing?


Answer: Nanjing

Context: Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival.

Question: What city is considered to be a place that is popular with tourists?


Answer: a series of government-organised events

Question: Rather than host the old festivals, what type of events does Nanjing host each year?


Answer: Plum Blossom Hill

Question: What area holds the largest collection of plum blossoms in all of China?


Answer: domestically and internationally

Question: Where do the tourists for the Plum Blossom Festival come from?


Answer: Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival

Question: What festival involves kites and fruit trees?


Answer: 1907

Context: Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.

Question: When was the Nanjing Library completed?


Answer: the third largest library in China

Question: What is the Nanjing Library's ranking in China?


Answer: more than 10 million volumes

Question: How many volumes does the Nanjing Library have?


Answer: Nanjing University Library

Question: What is the name of the fifth largest library in China?


Answer: Peking University Library

Question: Which university library is larger than Nanjing University Library?


Answer: Nanjing

Context: Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection,. The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Other museums include the City Museum of Nanjing in the Chaotian Palace, the Oriental Metropolitan Museum, the China Modern History Museum in the Presidential Palace, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, the Taiping Kingdom History Museum, Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum, Nanjing Yunjin Museum, Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum, Nanjing Customs Museum in Ganxi House, Nanjing Astronomical History Museum, Nanjing Paleontological Museum, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Riverstones Museum, and other museums and memorials such Zheng He Memorial, Jinling Four Modern Calligraphers Memorial.

Question: What city contains some of the finest and oldest museums in all of China?


Answer: National Central Museum

Question: What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum?


Answer: Nanjing Museum

Question: Which museum was the first modern one in China?


Answer: Ming and Qing imperial porcelain

Question: What collections are the Nanjing Museum famous for?


Answer: 400,000 items

Question: How many items does the Nanjing Museum contain?


Answer: convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres

Context: Most of Nanjing's major theatres are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres on different occasions. The major theatres include the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center. The Capital Theatre well known in the past is now a museum in theatre/film.

Question: What can most of Nanjing's multi-purpose theatres be used for?


Answer: the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center

Question: What are the two most prominent theatres in Nanjing?


Answer: a museum in theatre/film

Question: What is the current purpose of The Capital Theatre?


Answer: well known

Question: What was the popularity of The Capital Theater, in the past?


Answer: around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River

Context: Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts.

Question: Where have Nanjing's after-hours activities typically been located?


Answer: night markets, restaurants and pubs

Question: What three things were popular in the Nanjing Fuzimiao area?


Answer: Boating at night in the river

Question: What was a major night attraction for Nanjing?


Answer: courtesans

Question: What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators?


Answer: Confucius Temple

Question: What is another name for Nanjing Fuzimiao?


Answer: In the past 20 years

Context: In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road. The well-established "Nanjing 1912" district hosts a wide variety of recreational facilities ranging from traditional restaurants and western pubs to dance clubs. There are two major areas where bars are densely located; one is in 1912 block; the other is along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood. Both are popular with international residents of the city.

Question: When did more commercial streets become built in Nanjing?


Answer: the nightlife has become more diverse

Question: What has happened as the result of more commercial streets in Nanjing?


Answer: "Nanjing 1912"

Question: What area has lots of types of recreational outlets?


Answer: along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood

Question: Other than at "Nanjing 1912", where else are there a lot of bars?


Answer: international residents of the city

Question: The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom?


Answer: radish

Context: The radish is also a typical food representing people of Nanjing, which has been spread through word of mouth as an interesting fact for many years in China. According to Nanjing.GOV.cn, "There is a long history of growing radish in Nanjing especially the southern suburb. In the spring, the radish tastes very juicy and sweet. It is well-known that people in Nanjing like eating radish. And the people are even addressed as 'Nanjing big radish', which means they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative. From health perspective, eating radish can help to offset the stodgy food that people take during the Spring Festival".

Question: What is considered to be a typical food for a Nanjing resident?


Answer: the southern suburb

Question: Which area has the longest history of growing radish?


Answer: very juicy and sweet

Question: What does the radish taste like in the spring?


Answer: 'Nanjing big radish'

Question: What are Nanjing people called by others?


Answer: they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative

Question: What does calling someone 'Nanjing big radish' mean they are like?


Answer: many professional sports teams

Context: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.

Question: Generally, what types of teams call Nanjing home?


Answer: Jiangsu Sainty

Question: What is the name of the football club in Nanjing?


Answer: Nanjing Olympic Sports Center

Question: What building is home to Jiangsu Sainty?


Answer: Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club

Question: What is the name of the major basketball team in Nanjing?


Answer: CBA

Question: What is the name of China's highest level basketball league?


Answer: Wutaishan Sports Center

Context: There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.

Question: Which sports center started in 1952?


Answer: two

Question: How many major sports centers are located in Nanjing?


Answer: comprehensive sports centers

Question: What type of sports centers are Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center considered to be?


Answer: it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.

Question: What is special about Wutaishan Sports Center, from a historical perspective?


Answer: tennis court

Question: Both Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center contain a stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, and what other facility?


Answer: 2005

Context: In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000.

Question: When was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center built?


Answer: in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China

Question: Why was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center built?


Answer: 60,000

Question: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's stadium hold?


Answer: 13,000

Question: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's gymnasium hold?


Answer: 3,000

Question: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's natatorium hold?


Answer: 10 February 2010

Context: On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games. The slogan of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games was “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”. The Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games featured all 28 sports on the Olympic programme and were held from 16 to 28 August. The Nanjing Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (NYOGOC) worked together with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to attract the best young athletes from around the world to compete at the highest level. Off the competition fields, an integrated culture and education programme focused on discussions about education, Olympic values, social challenges, and cultural diversity. The YOG aims to spread the Olympic spirit and encourage sports participation.

Question: When was Nanjing announced as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games?


Answer: “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”

Question: What was the theme for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?


Answer: 28

Question: How many types of sports were performed in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?


Answer: the Olympic spirit

Question: What type of spirit does the Youth Olympic Games hope to spread?


Answer: from 16 to 28 August

Question: When was the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?


Answer: mainland China

Context: Nanjing is one of the most beautiful cities of mainland China with lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains, historical buildings and monuments, relics and much more, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.

Question: Nanjing is considered one of the most pretty cities in what region?


Answer: thousands

Question: How many tourists does Nanjing receive each year?


Answer: historical buildings

Question: What type of buildings attract tourists to Nanjing?


Answer: lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains

Question: List three natural attractions of Nanjing.


Answer: the national capital

Context: Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.

Question: What was the designation of Nanjing?


Answer: many structures were built

Question: What happened around the time that Nanjing was designated as the capital?


Answer: some of them still remain

Question: Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?


Answer: tourists

Question: The structures that still remain are open to whom?


Answer: more than 1700 years

Context: Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years. There are 75 institutions of higher learning till 2013. The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the nation. It boasts some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, some of which are listed as follows:

Question: How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China?


Answer: 75

Question: How many places of higher learning are in Nanjing?


Answer: third

Question: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key laboratories?


Answer: third

Question: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key disciplines?


Answer: some of the most prominent

Question: What type of educational institutions are in the area, that Nanjing can brag about?


Answer: Berne

Context: The city of Bern or Berne (German: Bern, pronounced [bɛrn] ( listen); French: Berne [bɛʁn]; Italian: Berna [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: Berna [ˈbɛrnɐ] (help·info); Bernese German: Bärn [b̥æːrn]) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or "federal city".[note 1] With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.

Question: What city is the de facto capital of Switserland?


Answer: Canton of Bern

Question: What is the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons?


Answer: Canton of Bern

Question: Which canton is Berne the capital?


Answer: 36 municipalities

Question: How many municipalities are in the Berne agglomeration?


Answer: 140,634

Question: What is the population of Berne?


Answer: Switzerland

Question: Where is Bern located?


Answer: 36

Question: How many municiplaities are in Bern?


Answer: Canton of Bern

Question: Bern is the capitol of which canton?


Answer: second

Question: Where does Bern rank in population in Switzerland?


Answer: German

Context: The official language of Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German.

Question: What is the official language of Bern?


Answer: Bernese German

Question: What is the main language spoken in Bern?


Answer: Alemannic Swiss

Question: What dialect is Bernese German?


Answer: German

Question: What is the official language of Bern?


Answer: 1983

Context: In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010).

Question: In what year did the historic old town in the center of Bern become a UNESCO World Heritage Site?


Answer: the world’s top ten

Question: What is Bern's ranking for the best quality of life?


Answer: the centre of Bern

Question: Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site located?


Answer: 2010

Question: In what year was Bern ranked as one of the 10 best cities for their quality of life?


Answer: centre of Bern

Question: Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site?


Answer: top ten

Question: Where does Bern rank for top cities for the best quality of life?


Answer: 1983

Question: When did the centre of Bern become the UNESCO World Heritage Site?


Answer: Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen

Context: The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German. As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft". The bear was the heraldic animal of the seal and coat of arms of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.

Question: Who was the founder of the city of Bern?


Answer: a bear

Question: What animal does legend say Bern is named after?


Answer: the 1440s

Question: What is the earliest reference to keeping live bears in the Bärengraben?


Answer: a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft"

Question: What is the common assumption of what Bern was named after?


Answer: the Bern zinc tablet

Question: Finding what in the 1980s changed the assumption as to what the city was named after?


Answer: bear

Question: What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern?


Answer: bears

Question: What live animals did they keep in the Bärengraben?


Answer: 1440s.

Question: What is the earliest that they kept live bears in the Bärengraben?


Answer: 12th century

Context: No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today′s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La Tène period), thought to be one of the twelve oppida of the Helvetii mentioned by Caesar. During the Roman era, there was a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site. The Bern zinc tablet has the name Brenodor ("dwelling of Breno"). In the Early Middle Ages, there was a settlement in Bümpliz, now a city district of Bern, some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval city.

Question: When was the earliest evidnce of settlement in the city centre?


Answer: Roman era

Question: What era was there a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site?


Answer: Brenodor

Question: What is the name of the Bern zinc tablet?


Answer: Early Middle Ages

Question: When was the settlement in Bumpliz close to the medieval city?


Answer: Zähringer

Context: The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.

Question: The medieval city is a foundation of what family?


Answer: 12th century

Question: When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?


Answer: Upper Burgundy

Question: Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?


Answer: 1191

Question: What year was Bern founded?


Answer: Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen

Question: Who founded Bern?


Answer: 1353

Context: In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming one of the eight cantons of the formative period of 1353 to 1481. Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud.

Question: what year did Bern join the Swiss Confederacy?


Answer: 8

Question: How many cantons were there between 1353 to 1481?


Answer: 1415

Question: What year did Bern invade Aargau?


Answer: Bern

Question: What is the largest city-state north of the Alps?


Answer: River Aare

Context: The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the River Aare. The Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the Käfigturm took over this role until 1345. It was, in turn, succeeded by the Christoffelturm (formerly located close to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the time of the Thirty Years' War, two new fortifications – the so-called big and small Schanze (entrenchment) – were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula.

Question: What river was the city near?


Answer: Zytglogge

Question: What was the name of the tower that was the western boundary?


Answer: Käfigturm

Question: What tower took over after Zytglogge?


Answer: the whole area of the peninsula

Question: What did the big and small Schanze protect?


Answer: 1405

Context: After a major blaze in 1405, the city's original wooden buildings were gradually replaced by half-timbered houses and subsequently the sandstone buildings which came to be characteristic for the Old Town. Despite the waves of pestilence that hit Europe in the 14th century, the city continued to grow: mainly due to immigration from the surrounding countryside.

Question: What year was there a huge fire?


Answer: the city's original wooden buildings

Question: What was destroyed in the fire?


Answer: 1798

Context: Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

Question: What year was Bern occupied by French troops?


Answer: French Revolutionary Wars

Question: Why were French troops in Bern?


Answer: 1802

Question: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?


Answer: Bernese Jura.

Question: What new territory was aquired in 1814?


Answer: 1979

Question: When did the canton of Jura seceed?


Answer: First and Second Internationals

Context: A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.

Question: What congresses were held in Bern?


Answer: Switzerland was neutral

Question: In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?


Answer: 30%

Context: The city's population rose from about 5,000 in the 15th century to about 12,000 by 1800 and to above 60,000 by 1900, passing the 100,000 mark during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000, and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of October 2015, the resident population stood at 140,634, of which 100,634 were Swiss citizens and 40,000 (30%) resident foreigners. A further estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate urban agglomeration.

Question: What percent of the populatin of Bern resident foreigners?


Answer: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern

Context: Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E / 46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E / 46.9524056; 7.4395833.

Question: Where is Bern located?


Answer: glaciers

Question: What helped form the Bern countryside?


Answer: Bantiger

Question: What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?


Answer: Aare

Context: The city was originally built on a hilly peninsula surrounded by the River Aare, but outgrew natural boundaries by the 19th century. A number of bridges have been built to allow the city to expand beyond the Aare.

Question: What peninsula is Bern located on?


Answer: bridges

Question: What was built to help Bern grow bigger than the peninula?


Answer: 19th century

Question: What century did Bern outgrow the peninsula?


Answer: uneven ground.

Context: Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

Question: What type of ground was Bern built on?


Answer: several metres

Question: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?


Answer: Länggasse

Question: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?


Answer: forested

Context: Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Question: What is 33.6% of the land in Bern?


Answer: 2009

Question: When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?


Answer: as a collegiate authority.

Context: The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period 2013–2016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alexander Tschäppät. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht Stürler after 1747.

Question: How does the government of Bern operate?


Answer: five

Question: How many councilors are there?


Answer: Alexander Tschäppät

Question: Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident?


Answer: every four years.

Question: How after are the elections?


Answer: in the Erlacherhof

Question: Where is the executive body held?


Answer: left parties

Context: As of 2015, Bern's City Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (Social Democratic Party, of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Party), GB (Green Alliance of Berne), and FDP (FDP.The Liberals), giving the left parties a majority of three out of five seats. The last election was held on 25 November 2012.

Question: Who has the majority of the seats in Bern's City Council?


Answer: Social Democratic Party

Question: What party also had the mayor as of 2015?


Answer: CVP

Question: What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as?


Answer: The City Parliament

Context: The City Parliament (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.

Question: Who holds the legislative power?


Answer: 80

Question: How many members are part of the City Parliament?


Answer: every four years.

Question: How often are elections held for the City Parliament?


Answer: public

Context: The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall).

Question: Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public?


Answer: left parties

Context: The last regular election of the City Parliament was held on 25 November 2012 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur, French: la législature) from 2013 to 2016. Currently the City Parliament consist of 23 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), 11 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 Green Alliance of Berne (GB), 8 Grüne Freie Liste (GFL) (Green Free List), 7 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 7 Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD), 7 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), 2 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 2 Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV), 1 Junge Alternative (JA!) (or Young Alternatives), 1 Grüne Partei Bern - Demokratische Alternative (GPB-DA) (or Green Party Bern - Democratic Alternative), 1 Swiss Party of Labour (PdA), 1 Alternative Linke Bern (AL) and finally one independent. The following parties combine their parliamentary power in parliamentary groups (German: Fraktion(en)): Independent and AL and GPB-DA and PdA (4), SP (23), GB and JA! (9), GFL and EVP (10), GLP (7), BDP and CVP (9), FDP (7), and SVP (11). This gives the left parties an absolute majority of 46 seats.

Question: Which party has the absolute majority of the seats?


Answer: 46

Question: How many seats are there?


Answer: Social Democratic Party

Question: Which specific party has the most members in the City Parliament?


Answer: 140,634

Context: Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.

Question: What is the population of Bern?


Answer: 34%

Question: What percent of the population are resident foreign nationals?


Answer: .6%

Question: What was the population change from 2000 and 2010?


Answer: births and deaths

Question: What counted for more of the population change?


Answer: German

Context: Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (104,465 or 81.2%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (5,062 or 3.9%) and French is the third (4,671 or 3.6%). There are 171 people who speak Romansh.

Question: What is the main lanuage of Bern?


Answer: Italian

Question: What is the second most common language?


Answer: 81.2%

Question: What percent of the population speaks German?


Answer: having twinned cities

Context: The city council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg

Question: What did the city decide again?


Answer: during the UEFA Euro 2008

Question: When did they have a temporary twinned city?


Answer: Salzburg

Question: What was the twinning city with Bern in 2008?


Answer: Austrian

Question: What country is Salzburg in?


Answer: 35.4%

Context: As of 2008[update], the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 27,573 or 21.4% who were born in the same canton, while 25,818 or 20.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27,812 or 21.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

Question: How many Swiss men live in Bern?


Answer: 20.1%

Question: What percent of the population is born somewhere else in Switzerland?


Answer: 21.6%

Question: What percent were born outside of Switzerland?


Answer: 15.1%

Context: As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%.

Question: What percent of the population are 19 years old and under?


Answer: 65%

Question: What percent of the population are between 20-64?


Answer: 19.9%

Question: What percent of the population are over 64 years old?


Answer: adults

Question: What age group has most of the population included?


Answer: 59,948

Context: As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced.

Question: How many people were single in Bern in 2000?


Answer: 49,873

Question: How many people were married in Bern in 2000?


Answer: 9,468

Question: How many people were widows or widowers in Bern in 2000?


Answer: single

Question: Where there more married or single people in Bern in 2000?


Answer: 1.8 persons

Context: As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents.

Question: What is the average of people per household in Bern?


Answer: 1,592

Question: How many households have 5 or more people living in them?


Answer: 90.6%

Question: What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000?


Answer: 7.4%

Question: What percent of apartments are seasonal apartments?


Answer: 1108.92 Swiss francs

Context: As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern was 1108.92 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$1680, £940, €1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.45%.

Question: What was the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern?


Answer: .45%

Question: What was the vacancy rate for Bern in 2010?


Answer: 24.5%

Context: From the 2000 census[update], 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another church. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question. On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated.

Question: What percent of the population were Roman Catholic?


Answer: .25%

Question: How much of the population is Jewish in Bern?


Answer: 4,907

Question: How many muslims were there in Bern in 2000?


Answer: 12.72%

Question: How much of the population had no religion?


Answer: medieval

Context: The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, the Münster, and a 15th-century town hall. Thanks to 6 kilometres (4 miles) of arcades, the old town boasts one of the longest covered shopping promenades in Europe.

Question: The structure of Bern's city centre is mainly what type of buildings?


Answer: a Cultural World Heritage Site

Question: What does UNESCO recognised Bern's city center to be?


Answer: Zytglogge

Question: What is Berns most famous site?


Answer: Münster

Question: What is the name of the 15th century cathedral?


Answer: Gothic

Question: What type of cathedral is Muster?


Answer: a bear pit

Context: Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the Bärengraben, at the far end of the Nydeggbrücke to house its heraldic animals. The currently four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in Dählhölzli zoo.

Question: What is the Barengraben?


Answer: the far end of the Nydeggbrücke

Question: Where is the Barengraben located?


Answer: heraldic animals

Question: What are held at the Barengraben?


Answer: the Russian president

Question: Who gave Bern their bears?


Answer: Dählhölzli zoo

Question: What zoo are the bears of Bern kept?


Answer: The Federal Palace

Context: The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus), built from 1857 to 1902, which houses the national parliament, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited.

Question: Where is the national parliment housed?


Answer: Bundeshaus

Question: What is the Federal Palace called?


Answer: the Kramgasse 49

Context: Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis Papers were published.

Question: Where is Albert Einstein live?


Answer: Annus Mirabilis Papers

Question: What was published the same years?


Answer: Einsteinhaus

Question: What is the flat that Einstein called?


Answer: Rosengarten

Context: The Rose Garden (Rosengarten), from which a scenic panoramic view of the medieval town centre can be enjoyed, is a well-kept Rosarium on a hill, converted into a park from a former cemetery in 1913.

Question: What is the Rose Garden also known as?


Answer: view of the medieval town centre

Question: What can you see from the Rose Garden?


Answer: a park

Question: What was the Rosarium converted into?


Answer: 1913

Question: What year was the Rosarium converted?


Answer: public fountains

Context: There are eleven Renaissance allegorical statues on public fountains in the Old Town. Nearly all the 16th century fountains, except the Zähringer fountain which was created by Hans Hiltbrand, are the work of the Fribourg master Hans Gieng. One of the more interesting fountains is the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese German: Child Eater Fountain but often translated Ogre Fountain) which is claimed to represent a Jew, the Greek god Chronos or a Fastnacht figure that scares disobedient children.

Question: Where are the statues at in the Old Town?


Answer: disobedient children.

Question: Who does the Kindlifresserbrunnen scare?


Answer: Hans Hiltbrand

Question: Who created all the statues except the Zahringer fountain?


Answer: a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Context: It includes the entire Old Town, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers, which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town, and the Holy Ghost Church, which is one of the largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland. Within the Old Town, there are eleven 16th century fountains, most attributed to Hans Gieng, that are on the list.

Question: What does the UNESCO consider the entre Old Town?


Answer: 1421

Question: When was the biggest cathedral in Switzerland built?


Answer: Holy Ghost Church

Question: What is the largest Swiss Reformed church in Switzerland?


Answer: Hans Gieng

Question: Who is attributed to the 11 fountains in Old Town?


Answer: German and French subtitles

Context: Bern has several dozen cinemas. As is customary in Switzerland, films are generally shown in their original language (e.g., English) with German and French subtitles. Only a small number of screenings are dubbed in German.

Question: What subtitles are included in the movies?


Answer: 1954

Context: Bern was the site of the 1954 Football (Soccer) World Cup Final, a huge upset for the Hungarian Golden Team, who were beaten 3–2 by West Germany. The football team BSC Young Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, which also was one of the venues for the European football championship 2008 in which it hosted 3 matches.

Question: What year was the Football World Cup Final in Bern?


Answer: West Germany

Question: Who won the game?


Answer: BSC Young Boys

Question: What football team is based in Bern?


Answer: SC Bern

Context: SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade. The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament.

Question: What is the major hockey league team of Bern?


Answer: PostFinance Arena

Question: Where do they play?


Answer: 2009

Question: What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern?


Answer: 2010

Context: Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada.

Question: What year did Bern want to host the Winter Olympics?


Answer: 2002

Question: What year did they withdraw their bid?


Answer: Vancouver, Canada

Question: Where were the 2010 Winter Olympics held?


Answer: 3.3%

Context: As of 2010[update], Bern had an unemployment rate of 3.3%. As of 2008[update], there were 259 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector. 16,413 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 950 businesses in this sector. 135,973 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 7,654 businesses in this sector.

Question: What was Berns unemployment rate in 2010?


Answer: 59

Question: How many businesses are there in the primary sector?


Answer: 950

Question: How many businesses are there in the secondary sector?


Answer: 7,654

Question: How many businesses are there in the tertiary sector?


Answer: 125,037.

Context: In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) were in mining and 6,389 (41.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358. In the tertiary sector; 11,396 or 10.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 10,293 or 9.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5,090 or 4.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7,302 or 6.7% were in the information industry, 8,437 or 7.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 10,660 or 9.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,338 or 4.9% were in education and 17,903 or 16.4% were in health care.

Question: How many full time jobs were there in 2008?


Answer: 184

Question: How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture?


Answer: 19

Question: How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production?


Answer: 15,476

Question: How many jobs are in the secondary sector?


Answer: 109,358

Question: How many jobs are in the tertiary secotr?


Answer: 94,367

Context: In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used a private car.

Question: How many workers commute into the municipality?


Answer: 16,424

Question: How many workers had to commute away from the municipality?


Answer: 50.6%

Question: How much of the working population uses public transportation?


Answer: 20.6%

Question: How many of the working population use private cars?


Answer: Länggasse quarter

Context: The University of Bern, whose buildings are mainly located in the Länggasse quarter, is located in Bern, as well as the University of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschule) and several vocations schools.

Question: Where are the majority of the buildings for the University of Bern?


Answer: 39.2%

Context: In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women.

Question: What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education?


Answer: 18.9%

Question: What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education?


Answer: Swiss men

Question: The majority of the population to finish tertiary schooling in bern are what people?


Answer: non

Context: The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory kindergarten, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school where the pupils are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary pupils may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

Question: Do you have to go to the one year of kindergarten?


Answer: ability and aptitude

Question: What seperates the children in secondary school?


Answer: 10,979

Context: During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 40.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 266 primary classes and 5,040 pupils. Of the primary pupils, 30.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 151 lower secondary classes with a total of 2,581 pupils. There were 28.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 32.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

Question: How many students were attending school during the 2009-2010 school year?


Answer: 89

Question: How many kindergarten classes were there?


Answer: 266

Question: How many primary classes were there?


Answer: 151

Question: How many lower secondary classes were there?


Answer: 8

Context: Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the Universitätsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out.

Question: How many libraries are in Bern?


Answer: 9,045

Context: As of 2000[update], there were 9,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Question: How many pupils lived in another municipality?


Answer: 1,185

Question: How many pupils attended school outside of the city?


Answer: A funicular railway

Context: A funicular railway leads from the Marzili district to the Bundeshaus. The Marzilibahn funicular is, with a length of 106 m (348 ft), the second shortest public railway in Europe after the Zagreb funicular.

Question: What connects Marzili to Bundeshaus?


Answer: 106 m

Question: How long is the Marzilibah funicular?


Answer: Marzilibahn

Question: What is the second shortest public railway in Europe?


Answer: Zagreb funicular

Question: What is the shortest public railway in Europe?


Answer: Bern Airport

Context: Bern is also served by Bern Airport, located outside the city near the town of Belp. The regional airport, colloquially called Bern-Belp or Belpmoos, is connected to several European cities. Additionally Zürich Airport, Geneva Airport and EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg also serve as international gateways, all reachable within two hours by car or train from Bern.

Question: What is the name of Bern's airport?


Answer: Bern-Belp or Belpmoos

Question: What is the name of the regional airport?


Answer: summer time

Context: Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.

Question: What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?


Answer: one hour

Question: What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?


Answer: daylight

Question: What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward?


Answer: autumn

Question: In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour?


Answer: sunrise

Question: By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted?


Answer: George Hudson

Context: New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.

Question: Who first suggested daylight saving?


Answer: New Zealand

Question: From what country did George Hudson hail?


Answer: 1895

Question: In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?


Answer: Germany

Question: Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?


Answer: incandescent lighting

Context: The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.

Question: What used to be the main draw on electricity?


Answer: retailing

Question: What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST?


Answer: farming

Question: In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST?


Answer: energy

Question: Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what?


Answer: travel

Context: DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.

Question: What can be affected by DST that might disrupt plans for a vacation?


Answer: Computer software

Question: When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change?


Answer: policy

Question: What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?


Answer: sleep patterns

Question: What important part of daily life might be disturbed because of DST changing what time you go to bed?


Answer: Industrialized

Context: Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.

Question: What kind of societies usually follow a regular daily schedule year-round?


Answer: agrarian

Question: What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?


Answer: North and south of the tropics

Question: In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?


Answer: axial tilt

Question: What is the tilt of the Earth that causes solar time to change called?


Answer: one hour

Context: By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.

Question: How much earlier do people's routines happen because of daylight savings?


Answer: winter

Question: In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?


Answer: after

Question: Does setting the clocks ahead add an hour of daylight before or after the normal workday?


Answer: Standard Time

Question: What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?


Answer: lighting and heating

Context: While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.

Question: What two sources of energy use do DST proponents say are reduced by the time change?


Answer: equal

Question: What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons?


Answer: after

Question: Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday?


Answer: Supporters

Question: Is it the supporters or opponents of Daylight Saving Time who say it significantly reduces energy use?


Answer: higher latitudes

Context: The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.

Question: What latitudes see more extreme changes in the length of their days and nights throughout the year?


Answer: near the equator

Question: What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?


Answer: little

Question: How much impact does the times of daylight and night have on areas like Iceland or Alaska?


Answer: small

Question: Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes?


Answer: extreme

Question: As compared to areas with lower latitudes, what kind of change do areas with high latitudes see in the length of day through the seasons?


Answer: water clocks

Context: Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.

Question: What kind of clocks did the Romans use?


Answer: hora tertia

Question: What did the Romans call the third hour before sunrise?


Answer: 75

Question: During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?


Answer: Jewish

Question: What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?


Answer: Benjamin Franklin

Context: During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.

Question: Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be "healthy, wealthy, and wise"?


Answer: Parisians

Question: Which group of people did Franklin say would save candles by waking up earlier?


Answer: 1784

Question: In what year did Ben Franklin write a satire suggesting firing cannons at sunrise to wake people up?


Answer: rail

Question: What kind of transportation network helped encourage keeping more exact schedules?


Answer: ringing church bells

Question: In addition to cannon fire, what did Franklin suggest to act as Parisians' alarm clock?


Answer: entomologist

Context: Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.

Question: What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?


Answer: insects

Question: What did George Hudson spend time collecting when he wasn't working?


Answer: 1895

Question: What year did Hudson first present his two-hour daylight saving theory to the Wellington Philosophical Society?


Answer: William Willett

Question: Some people believe it wasn't Hudson who created DST, but an Englishman by what name?


Answer: Robert Pearce

Question: Who was the member of Parliament who brought a bill about Daylight Saving Time to the House of Commons in 1908?


Answer: 1916

Context: Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.

Question: What year did Germany decide to try DST?


Answer: Sommerzeit

Question: What is the German word for Daylight Saving Time?


Answer: coal

Question: What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?


Answer: 1918

Question: What year did the United States get on board with DST?


Answer: energy crisis

Context: Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.

Question: What event in the 1970s led more regions of North America to use DST?


Answer: Ireland

Question: What country joined Canada, the UK, and Ireland in continuing to observe Daylight Saving Time after the war?


Answer: Second World War

Question: Daylight Saving Time was used commonly during what war?


Answer: Europe

Question: Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?


Answer: many

Context: Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.

Question: Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?


Answer: repeals

Question: Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?


Answer: 02:00

Context: In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0.

Question: At what local time does the United States change the time?


Answer: 23

Question: Technically, how many hours does the day the time change happens have in the spring?


Answer: 25

Question: In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long?


Answer: 03:00:00.0

Question: At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9?


Answer: spring

Question: Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season?


Answer: weekend

Context: Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary, but Australia's Lord Howe Island uses a half-hour shift. Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past.

Question: During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled?


Answer: weekday schedules

Question: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?


Answer: Eastern European Time

Context: Coordination strategies differ when adjacent time zones shift clocks. The European Union shifts all at once, at 01:00 UTC or 02:00 CET or 03:00 EET; for example, Eastern European Time is always one hour ahead of Central European Time. Most of North America shifts at 02:00 local time, so its zones do not shift at the same time; for example, Mountain Time is temporarily (for one hour) zero hours ahead of Pacific Time, instead of one hour ahead, in the autumn and two hours, instead of one, ahead of Pacific Time in the spring. In the past, Australian districts went even further and did not always agree on start and end dates; for example, in 2008 most DST-observing areas shifted clocks forward on October 5 but Western Australia shifted on October 26. In some cases only part of a country shifts; for example, in the US, Hawaii and most of Arizona do not observe DST.

Question: Which time zone in Europe always has a one-hour lead on Central European Time?


Answer: two hours

Question: For one hour each spring, how far ahead of Pacific Time is Mountain Time in the United States?


Answer: October 26

Question: In 2008, what month and day did Western Australia change their clocks?


Answer: one hour

Question: At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States?


Answer: Hawaii

Question: In addition to much of the state of Arizona, what U.S. state does not ever change their clocks for DST?


Answer: 1996

Context: Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. The 2007 US change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy-consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change in order to allow extra daylight for the evening of October 31.

Question: What year did the European Union standardize their Summer Time?


Answer: October

Question: European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month?


Answer: the Energy Policy Act of 2005

Question: What act in the U.S. brought about the 2007 change in DST policy?


Answer: Congress

Question: What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006?


Answer: Halloween

Question: Supporters of the November end to DST name what U.S. holiday as the justification for keeping the change through the end of October?


Answer: Beginning and ending dates

Context: Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.

Question: In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere?


Answer: 24:00

Question: At what local time does Chile change their clocks for DST?


Answer: Saturday

Question: What day of the week does DST begin and end in Chile?


Answer: five hours

Question: In the Northern hemisphere's summer, what is the time difference between the UK and Chile?


Answer: summer

Question: During what season in the Southern hemisphere is there a three-hour time difference between mainland Chile and the United Kingdom?


Answer: southern Brazil

Context: DST is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise times do not vary enough to justify it. Some countries observe it only in some regions; for example, southern Brazil observes it while equatorial Brazil does not. Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it.

Question: Which part of Brazil observes Daylight Saving Time?


Answer: equatorial Brazil

Question: What part of Brazil does not observe DST?


Answer: Asia and Africa

Question: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST?


Answer: sunrise

Question: The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST?


Answer: Winston Churchill

Context: Daylight saving has caused controversy since it began. Winston Churchill argued that it enlarges "the opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness among the millions of people who live in this country" and pundits have dubbed it "Daylight Slaving Time". Historically, retailing, sports, and tourism interests have favored daylight saving, while agricultural and evening entertainment interests have opposed it, and its initial adoption had been prompted by energy crisis and war.

Question: What leader said daylight saving gives people more "opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness"?


Answer: Daylight Slaving Time

Question: What nickname have people in opposition to DST given it?


Answer: agricultural

Question: In addition to the evening entertainment industry, people from what industry often oppose daylight saving?


Answer: sports

Question: Traditionally, retailing, tourism, and what other industry have been in favor of DST?


Answer: war

Question: Along with energy crisis, what other significant historical event led to countries adopting DST?


Answer: Edward VII

Context: The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved. The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank. However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners. After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909. Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail. The US was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the US House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee.

Question: Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham?