Answer: Eastern and Western Christianity

Question: Life of Antony played an important role in the spreading of ascetic ideals in what religion?


Answer: Athanasius

Context: His biography of Anthony the Great entitled Life of Antony(Βίος καὶ Πολιτεία Πατρὸς Ἀντωνίου, Vita Antonii) became his most widely-read work. Translated into several languages, it played an important role in the spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity. Depicting Anthony as an illiterate and holy man who through his existence in a primordial landscape has an absolute connection to the divine truth, the biography also resembles the life of his biographer Athanasius. It later served as an inspiration to Christian monastics in both the East and the West. The so-called Athanasian Creed dates from well after Athanasius's death and draws upon the phraseology of Augustine's De trinitate.

Question: The biography, Life of Antony, also resembles of the life of who?


Answer: Augustine's De trinitate

Question: The so-called Athanasian Creed draws upon the phraseology of what?


Answer: Anthony the Great

Question: About whom did he write his most widely-read work?


Answer: spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity

Question: Why was this work considered to be important?


Answer: illiterate and holy

Question: How did he depict Anthony?


Answer: Augustine's De trinitate

Question: What does the Athanasian Creed draw upon?


Answer: Athanasius

Question: Whose life did Anthony's resemble?


Answer: 27

Context: Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius's career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father. Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria. In addition to the conflict with the Arians (including powerful and influential Arian churchmen led by Eusebius of Nicomedia), he struggled against the Emperors Constantine, Constantius II, Julian the Apostate and Valens. He was known as "Athanasius Contra Mundum" (Latin for Athanasius Against the World).

Question: Athanasius began his leading role at what age?


Answer: 325

Question: In what year was the First Council of Nicaea?


Answer: Athanasius Contra Mundum

Question: Athanasius was also known as what?


Answer: Three years

Question: How many years after the First Council of Nicaea did Athanasius become archbishop?


Answer: Constantine

Question: Who is one emporer Athanasius struggled against?


Answer: Conflict with Arius and Arianism

Question: What conflict shaped his career?


Answer: Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father

Question: Why was the First Council of Nicaea convened?


Answer: Athanasius Against the World

Question: Because of his conflicts with the emperors, how was he known?


Answer: the Arian position

Question: Whose position was it that Jesus was the Son of God?


Answer: the baptisms were genuine

Context: Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism. He sent for the children and discovered that one of the boys (Athanasius) had acted as bishop. After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that the baptisms were genuine, as both the form and matter of the sacrament had been performed through the recitation of the correct words and the administration of water, and that he must not continue to do this as those baptized had not been properly catechized. He invited Athanasius and his playfellows to prepare for clerical careers.

Question: Were the pretend baptisms real?


Answer: ritual of Christian baptism

Question: As a child, Athanasius imitated what ritual?


Answer: clerical careers

Question: What work did the Bishop suggest for Athanasius?


Answer: not been properly catechized

Question: Why was Athanasius instructed to stop pretend baptising?


Answer: in the East

Context: Athanasius recounts being a student, as well as being educated by the Martyrs of the Great (tenth) and last persecution of Christianity by pagan Rome.[citation needed] This persecution was most severe in the East, particularly in Egypt and Palestine. Peter of Alexandria, the 17th archbishop of Alexandria, was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution, and may have been one of those teachers. His successor as bishop of Alexandria, Alexander of Alexandria (312–328) was an Origenist as well as a documented mentor of Athanasius. According to Sozomen, Bishop Alexander "invited Athanasius to be his commensal and secretary. He had been well educated, and was versed in grammar and rhetoric, and had already, while still a young man, and before reaching the episcopate, given proof to those who dwelt with him of his wisdom and acumen". Athanasius's earliest work, Against the Heathen – On the Incarnation (written before 319), bears traces of Origenist Alexandrian thought (such as repeatedly quoting Plato and used a definition from Aristotle's Organon) but in an orthodox way. Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools, and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism. Ultimately, Athanasius would modify the philosophical thought of the School of Alexandria away from the Origenist principles such as the "entirely allegorical interpretation of the text". Still, in later works, Athanasius quotes Homer more than once (Hist. Ar. 68, Orat. iv. 29). In his letter to Emperor Constantius, he presents a defense of himself bearing unmistakable traces of a study of Demosthenes de Corona.

Question: Where was persecution of Christianity the worst?


Answer: Homer

Question: What famous Greek author did Athanasius quote?


Answer: in 311

Question: In what year was Peter of Alexandria martyred?


Answer: Peter of Alexandria

Question: Who could have been one of Athanasius's teachers?


Answer: quoting Plato

Question: What suggests that Athanasius was familiar with ancient Greek philosophers?


Answer: Son (Logos) of God, made, not begotten

Context: In about 319, when Athanasius was a deacon, a presbyter named Arius came into a direct conflict with Alexander of Alexandria. It appears that Arius reproached Alexander for what he felt were misguided or heretical teachings being taught by the bishop. Arius's theological views appear to have been firmly rooted in Alexandrian Christianity, and his Christological views were certainly not radical at all. He embraced a subordinationist Christology which taught that Christ was the divine Son (Logos) of God, made, not begotten, heavily influenced by Alexandrian thinkers like Origen, and which was a common Christological view in Alexandria at the time. Support for Arius from powerful bishops like Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius of Nicomedia, further illustrate how Arius's subordinationist Christology was shared by other Christians in the Empire. Arius was subsequently excommunicated by Alexander, and he would begin to elicit the support of many bishops who agreed with his position.

Question: What made Arius's belief about Jesus different from Alexander's?


Answer: common Christological view

Question: Was this differing view common among Christians of the day?


Answer: powerful bishops

Question: What other leaders believed this?


Answer: excommunicated by Alexander

Question: What eventually happened to Arius?


Answer: Alexander

Context: Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which Athanasius fled Alexandria to escape people seeking to take his life. This gave rise to the expression "Athanasius contra mundum" or "Athanasius against the world". However, during his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. He established contacts with the hermits and monks of the desert, including Pachomius, which proved very valuable to him over the years. Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the theological disputes against Arians within the Byzantine Empire that would occupy much of his life.

Question: Who did Athanasius succeed?


Answer: five exiles

Question: How many exiles did he endure?


Answer: Egypt and Libya

Question: The churches of what countries were in his territory?


Answer: disputes against Arians

Question: Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs?


Answer: Belgium / Holland and surrounding areas

Context: Early in the year 343 we find Athanasius had travelled, via Rome, from Alexandria, North Africa, to Gaul; nowadays Belgium / Holland and surrounding areas, where Hosius of Cordoba was Bishop, the great champion of orthodoxy in the West. The two, together, set out for Sardica. A full Council of the Church was convened / summoned there in deference to the Roman pontiff's wishes. The travel was a mammoth task in itself. At this great gathering of prelates, leaders of the Church, the case of Athanasius was taken up once more, that is, Athanasius was formally questioned over misdemeanours and even murder, (a man called Arsenius and using his body for magic, – an absurd charge.). [The Council was convoked for the purpose of inquiring into the charges against Athanasius and other bishops, on account of which they were deposed from their sees by the Semi-Arian Synod of Antioch (341), and went into exile. It was called according to Socrates, (E. H. ii. 20) by the two Emperors, Constans and Constantius; but, according to Baronius by Pope Julius (337–352), (Ad an. 343). One hundred and seventy six attended. Eusebian bishops objected to the admission of Athanasius and other deposed bishops to the Council, except as accused persons to answer the charges brought against them. Their objections were overridden by the orthodox bishops, about a hundred were orthodox, who were the majority. The Eusebians, seeing they had no chance of having their views carried, retired to Philoppopolis in Thrace, Philippopolis (Thracia), where they held an opposition council, under the presidency of the Patriarch of Antioch, and confirmed the decrees of the Synod of Antioch. ]. Once more, at the Council of Sardica, was his innocence reaffirmed. Two conciliar letters were prepared, one to the clergy and faithful of Alexandria, the other to the bishops of Egypt and Libya, in which the will of the Council was made known. Meanwhile, the Eusebian party had gone to Philippopolis, where they issued an anathema against Athanasius and his supporters. The persecution against the orthodox party broke out with renewed vigour, and Constantius was induced to prepare drastic measures against Athanasius and the priests who were devoted to him. Orders were given that if the Saint attempt to re-enter his see, he should be put to death. Athanasius, accordingly, withdrew from Sardica to Naissus in Mysia, where he celebrated the Easter festival of the year 344. It was Hosius who presided over the Council of Sardica, as he did for the First Council of Nicaea, which like the 341 synod, found Athanasius innocent. &. He celebrated his last Easter in exile in Aquileia in April 345, received by bishop Fortunatianus.

Question: Where is Gaul currently located?


Answer: his innocence reaffirmed

Question: What was the verdict at the Council of Sardica?


Answer: Hosius of Cordoba

Question: With whom did Athanasius travel to Sardica?


Answer: misdemeanours and even murder

Question: About what did the Council of the Church question Athanasius?


Answer: objections were overridden by the orthodox bishops

Question: Was Athanasius permitted admission to the Council?


Answer: 352

Context: Pope Julius had died in April, 352, and was succeeded by Liberius. For two years Liberius had been favourable to the cause of Athanasius; but driven at last into exile, he was induced to sign an ambiguous formula, from which the great Nicene text, the "homoousion", had been studiously omitted. In 355 a council was held at Milan, where in spite of the vigorous opposition of a handful of loyal prelates among the Western bishops, a fourth condemnation of Athanasius was announced to the world. With his friends scattered, the saintly Hosius in exile, and Pope Liberius denounced as acquiescing in Arian formularies, Athanasius could hardly hope to escape. On the night of 8 February, 356, while engaged in services in the Church of St. Thomas, a band of armed men burst in to secure his arrest. It was the beginning of his third exile.

Question: In what year did Pope Julius die?


Answer: Liberius had been favourable

Question: Did Liberius sympathize with Athanasius?


Answer: armed men

Question: Where the men armed who arrested him?


Answer: a fourth condemnation of Athanasius

Question: What was the outcome of the Council of Milan?


Answer: engaged in services

Question: What was Athanasius doing when he was arrested?


Answer: the Arians

Context: Constantius, renewing his previous policies favoring the Arians, banished Athanasius from Alexandria once again. This was followed, in 356, by an attempt to arrest Athanasius during a vigil service. Athanasius fled to Upper Egypt, where he stayed in several monasteries and other houses. During this period, Athanasius completed his work Four Orations against the Arians and defended his own recent conduct in the Apology to Constantius and Apology for His Flight. Constantius's persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the new Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist.

Question: Who had a policy of condemning Athanasius?


Answer: a vigil service

Question: What was Athanasius doing the next time an arrest was attempted?


Answer: Upper Egypt

Question: Where did Athanasius flee to after this attempt?


Answer: History of the Arians

Question: In which work did he refer to Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist?


Answer: Four Orations against the Arians

Question: What did he write during this time?


Answer: Rimini in Italy

Context: T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: The Arians sought the approval of an Ecumenical Council. They sought to hold two councils. Constantius, summoned the bishops of the East to meet at Seleucia in Isauria, and those of the West to Rimini in Italy. A preliminary conference was held by the Arians at Sirmium, to agree a formula of faith. A "Homoeon" creed was adopted, declaring The Son to be "like the Father". The two met in autumn of 359. At Seleucia, one hundred and fifty bishops, of which one hundred and five were semi-Arian. The semi-Arians refused to accept anything less than the "Homoiousion", (see: Homoiousian), formulary of faith. The Imperial Prefect was obliged to disband, without agreeing on any creed. Acacius, the leader of the "Homoean" party went to Constantinople, where the Sirmian formulary of faith was approved by the "Home Synod", (consisted of those bishops who happened to be present at the Court for the time), and a decree of deposition issued against the leaders of the semi-Arians. At Rimini were over four hundred of which eighty were Arian, the rest were orthodox. The orthodox fathers refused to accept any creed but the Nicene, while the others were equally in favour of the Sirmian. Each party sent a deputation to the Emperor to say there was no probability to agreement, and asked for the bishops to return to their dioceses. For the purpose of wearing-down the orthodox bishops; (Sulpitius Severius says), Constantius delayed his answer for several months, and finally prevailed on them to accept the Sirmian creed. It was after this Council that Jerome said: " ...the whole world groaned in astonishment to find itself Arian."

Question: Where did bishops of the West meet?


Answer: Arian

Question: What belief was accepted by Constantius?


Answer: The Son to be "like the Father"

Question: What was the belief that was approved at this council?


Answer: the Nicene

Question: What did the orthodox leaders believe?


Answer: a formula of faith

Question: What did the Arians agree upon at Sirmium?


Answer: Prefect of Egypt

Context: With characteristic energy he set to work to re-establish the somewhat shattered fortunes of the orthodox party and to purge the theological atmosphere of uncertainty. To clear up the misunderstandings that had arisen in the course of the previous years, an attempt was made to determine still further the significance of the Nicene formularies. In the meanwhile, Julian, who seems to have become suddenly jealous of the influence that Athanasius was exercising at Alexandria, addressed an order to Ecdicius, the Prefect of Egypt, peremptorily commanding the expulsion of the restored primate, on the ground that he had never been included in the imperial act of clemency. The edict was communicated to the bishop by Pythicodorus Trico, who, though described in the "Chronicon Athanasianum" (XXXV) as a "philosopher", seems to have behaved with brutal insolence. On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor's decree; but Athanasius urged them to submit, consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration.

Question: What position did Ecdicius hold?


Answer: short duration

Question: Did he think he would be gone a long time?


Answer: Julian

Question: Who was jealous of Athanasius's influence?


Answer: expulsion

Question: What did Julian try to do to Athanasius?


Answer: urged them to submit

Question: Did Athanasius tell the people to protest?


Answer: before the Arian controversy

Context: Athanasius also wrote a two-part Against the Heathen and The Incarnation of the Word of God. Completed probably early in his life, before the Arian controversy, they constitute the first classic work of developed Orthodox theology. In the first part, Athanasius attacks several pagan practices and beliefs. The second part presents teachings on the redemption. Also in these books, Athanasius put forward the belief that the Son of God, the eternal Word through whom God created the world, entered that world in human form to lead men back into the harmony from which they had earlier fallen away.

Question: When did he write his first works on Orthodox Christianity?


Answer: Against the Heathen

Question: Which of the two first works addresses pagan practices?


Answer: in human form

Question: How did he believe Jesus came into the world?


Answer: Incarnation of the Word of God

Question: Which of his works addresses redemption and the Son of God?


Answer: fled

Context: In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops of the Church assembled to elect their new Patriarch, the whole Catholic population surrounded the church, holding up their hands to Heaven and crying; "Give us Athanasius!" The Bishops had nothing better. Athanasius was thus elected, as Gregory tells us..." (Pope Gregory I, would have full access to the Vatican Archives).

Question: What did he do when he thought he might be made Bishop?


Answer: "Give us Athanasius!"

Question: Who did the Catholics of Alexandria want as their Bishop?


Answer: on his death-bed

Question: When did Alexander ask to see Athanasius?


Answer: The Bishops had nothing better

Question: Was there someone else that was preferred as Bishop?


Answer: many detractors

Context: Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors. Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent. Athanasius used "Arian" to describe both followers of Arius, and as a derogatory polemical term for Christians who disagreed with his formulation of the Trinity. Athanasius called many of his opponents "Arian", except for Miletus.

Question: Was Athanasius well liked by everyone?


Answer: defiling an altar

Question: What was he accused of doing to a church?


Answer: his own personal gain

Question: He was accused of selling grain for what reason?


Answer: Christians who disagreed with his formulation

Question: What did the term Arian mean to him?


Answer: Arian

Question: What did he call his detractors?


Answer: Pillar of the Church

Context: Nonetheless, within a few years of his death, Gregory of Nazianzus called him the "Pillar of the Church". His writings were well regarded by all Church fathers who followed, in both the West and the East, who noted their rich devotion to the Word-become-man, great pastoral concern, and profound interest in monasticism. Athanasius is counted as one of the four great Eastern Doctors of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, he is labeled the "Father of Orthodoxy". Some Protestants label him "Father of the Canon". Athanasius is venerated as a Christian saint, whose feast day is 2 May in Western Christianity, 15 May in the Coptic Orthodox Church, and 18 January in the other Eastern Orthodox Churches. He is venerated by the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutherans, and the Anglican Communion.

Question: What was he known as soon after he died?


Answer: 18 January

Question: What day is he celebrated in the Eastern Orthodox Church?


Answer: Father of Orthodoxy

Question: How does the Eastern Orthodox Church refer to him?


Answer: Father of the Canon

Question: What do the Protestants call him?


Answer: 2 May

Question: What is his feast day in Western Christianity?


Answer: important trade center

Context: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its famous passion for orthodoxy since the days of Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Dionysius and Theognostus, had begun to take on an almost secular character in the comprehensiveness of its interests, and had counted influential pagans among its serious auditors.

Question: What was Alexandria known for?


Answer: secular character

Question: Was the famous school in Alexandria religious only?


Answer: influential pagans

Question: Did only Christians attend the school?


Answer: ethnically diverse

Question: Was Alexandria welcoming to other cultures?


Answer: Maximian persecution

Context: However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.

Question: What famous event happened in 303?


Answer: the Festal Epistles

Question: What writing mentions the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?


Answer: canonical age (30)

Question: At what age was a man eligible to be ordained at Patriarch of Alexandria?


Answer: failed to abide

Context: Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. There, Eusebius of Nicomedia and other supporters of Arius deposed Athanasius. On 6 November, both sides of the dispute met with Emperor Constantine I in Constantinople. At that meeting, the Arians claimed Athanasius would try to cut off essential Egyptian grain supplies to Constantinople. He was found guilty, and sent into exile to Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Trier in Germany).

Question: Did the followers of Meletius obey the guidelines of Nicaea?


Answer: cut off essential Egyptian grain

Question: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians?


Answer: was found guilty

Question: What was the verdict of the accusation?


Answer: anathematized

Question: What was his punishment?


Answer: Arians and Meletians

Question: Who was he accused of harming?


Answer: knew Greek

Context: Athanasius knew Greek and admitted not knowing Hebrew [see, e.g., the 39th Festal Letter of St. Athan.]. The Old Testament passages he quotes frequently come from the Septuagint Greek translation. Only rarely did he use other Greek versions (to Aquila once in the Ecthesis, to other versions once or twice on the Psalms), and his knowledge of the Old Testament was limited to the Septuagint. Nonetheless, during his later exile, with no access to a copy of the Scriptures, Athanasius could quote from memory every verse in the Old Testament with a supposed reference to the Trinity without missing any.[citation needed] The combination of Scriptural study and of Greek learning was characteristic of the famous Alexandrian School.

Question: Did Athanasius speak Greek?


Answer: not knowing Hebrew

Question: Did he understand Hebrew?


Answer: limited to the Septuagint

Question: Did he know all of the Old Testament?


Answer: Scriptural study and of Greek

Question: What did students learn in the school in Alexandria?


Answer: Septuagint Greek

Question: What translation of the Old Testament did he study?


Answer: Constans

Context: After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a "golden decade" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relating to his exiles and returns from exile in the Apology Against the Arians. However, upon Constans's death in 350, another civil war broke out, which left pro-Arian Constantius as sole emperor. An Alexandria local council in 350 replaced (or reaffirmed) Athanasius in his see.

Question: Who did he have to thank for his ability to come back to Alexandria in 345?


Answer: enthusiastic demonstrations

Question: Were the people glad to have him home?


Answer: Apology Against the Arians

Question: In what writing did he recount his time in exiles?


Answer: civil war

Question: What happened when Constans died?


Answer: pro-Arian

Question: Did the new emperor agree or disagree with the Arians?


Answer: fled

Context: Frances A. M. Forbes writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops of the Church assembled to elect their new Patriarch, the whole Catholic population surrounded the church, holding up their hands to Heaven and crying; "Give us Athanasius!" The Bishops had nothing better. Athanasius was thus elected, as Gregory tells us..." (Pope Gregory I, would have full access to the Vatican Archives).

Question: What did Athanasius do to avoid speaking to Alexander on his deathbed?


Answer: Give us Athanasius

Question: Who did the Alexandrian people want to be their Bishop?


Answer: Bishops had nothing better

Question: Did the Bishops have someone else in mind?


Answer: called Athanasius

Question: Who did Alexander ask for when he was dieing?


Answer: Constantius

Context: Constantius, ordered Liberius into exile in 356 giving him, then, three days to comply. He was ordered into banishment to Beroea, in Thrace; Beroea (Thrace). He sent expensive presents, too, if he were to accept the Arian position but were refused. He sent him, indeed, five hundred pieces of gold "to bear his charges" but Liberius refused them, saying, he might bestow them on his flatters; as he did also a like present from the empress, bidding the messenger learn to believe in Christ, and not to persecute the Church of God. Attempts were made to leave the presents in The Church, but Liberius threw them out. Constantius hereupon sent for him under a strict guard to Milan, where, in a conference recorded by Theodoret, he boldly told Constantius that Athanasius had been acquitted at Sardica, and his enemies proved calumniators (see: "calumny") and impostors, and that it was unjust to condemn a person who could not be legally convicted of any crime. The emperor was reduced to silence on every article, but being the more out of patience, ordered him into banishment. Liberius went into exile. Constantius, after two years went to Rome to celebrate the twentieth year of his reign. The ladies joined in a petition to him that he would restore Liberius. He assented, upon condition that he should comply with the bishops, then, at court. He subscribed the condemnation of Athanasius, and a confession or creed which had been framed by the Arians at Sirmium. And he no sooner had recovered his see that he declared himself for the Creed of Niceae, as Theodoret testifies. (Theodoret, Hist. lib. ii. c. 17.). The Emperor knew what he wanted people to believe. So did the bishops at his court. Athanasius stuck by the orthodox creed. Constantius was an avowed Arian, became sole ruler in 350, at the death of his brother, Constans.

Question: Who tried to bribe Liberius?


Answer: three days

Question: How much warning was Liberius given before his exile?


Answer: Beroea

Question: Where did Liberius go?


Answer: were refused

Question: Did bribery work in convincing Liberius to believe the Arians?


Answer: comply with the bishops

Question: What did Liberius have to promise to do in order to return?


Answer: When Emperor Constantine I died

Context: When Emperor Constantine I died, Athanasius was allowed to return to his See of Alexandria. Shortly thereafter, however, Constantine's son, the new Roman Emperor Constantius II, renewed the order for Athanasius's banishment in 338. Athanasius went to Rome, where he was under the protection of Constans, the Emperor of the West. During this time, Gregory of Cappadocia was installed as the Patriarch of Alexandria, usurping the absent Athanasius. Athanasius did, however, remain in contact with his people through his annual Festal Letters, in which he also announced on which date Easter would be celebrated that year.

Question: At what point could Athanasius return to Alexandria?


Answer: Constans

Question: Who provided for his protection while he was in Rome?


Answer: Gregory of Cappadocia

Question: Who became Patriarch in Alexandria while Athanasius was away?


Answer: Festal Letters

Question: How did the people of Alexandria know when to celebrate Easter?


Answer: Constantius II

Question: Who declared Athanasius to be exiled again?


Answer: threats of the Emperor

Context: T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: By Constantius's order, the sole ruler of The Roman Empire at the death of his brother Constans, the Council of Arles in 353, was held, which was presided over by Vincent, Bishop of Capua, in the name of Pope Liberius. The fathers terrified of the threats of the Emperor, an avowed Arian, they consented to the condemnation of Athanasius. The Pope refused to accept their decision, and requested the Emperor to hold another Council, in which the charges against Athanasius could be freely investigated. To this Constantius consented, for he felt able to control it, at Milan. Milan was named as the place, here three hundred bishops assembled, most from the West, only a few from the East, in 355. They met in the Church of Milan. Shortly, the Emperor ordered them to a hall in the Imperial Palace, thus ending any free debate. He presented an Arian formula of faith for their acceptance. He threatened any who refused with exile and death. All, with the exception of Dionysius (bishop of Milan), and the two Papal Legates, viz., Eusebius of Vercelli and Lucifer of Cagliari, consented to the Arian Creed and the condemnation of Athanasius. Those who refused were sent into exile. The decrees were forwarded to the Pope for approval, but were rejected, because of the violence to which the bishops were subjected.

Question: Why did the Bishops condemn Athanasius?


Answer: sent into exile

Question: What happened to the Bishops who did not take the oath?


Answer: Pope refused to accept

Question: Did the Pope agree with this order?


Answer: Constantius consented

Question: Did the Emperor agree to a new trial for Athanasius?


Answer: Arian formula of faith

Question: What oath did the Bishops have to take at the trial?


Answer: murder

Context: In 361, after the death of Emperor Constantius, shortly followed by the murder of the very unpopular Bishop George, Athanasius returned to his patriarchate. The following year he convened a council at Alexandria, and presided over it with Eusebius of Vercelli. Athanasius appealed for unity among all those who had faith in Christianity, even if they differed on matters of terminology. This prepared the groundwork for his definition of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity. However, the council also was directed against those who denied the divinity of the Holy Spirit, the human soul of Christ, and Christ's divinity. Mild measures were agreed on for those heretic bishops who repented, but severe penance was decreed for the chief leaders of the major heresies.

Question: What happened to Bishop George?


Answer: severe penance

Question: What happened to Bishop leaders who did not agree with the doctrine?


Answer: after the death of Emperor Constantius

Question: When did Athanasius return to his position as Patriarch?


Answer: Eusebius of Vercelli

Question: Who joined him when he formed a council to encourage unity among Christians?


Answer: Arian

Context: Two years later, the Emperor Valens, who favored the Arian position, in his turn exiled Athanasius. This time however, Athanasius simply left for the outskirts of Alexandria, where he stayed for only a few months before the local authorities convinced Valens to retract his order of exile. Some early reports state that Athanasius spent this period of exile at his family's ancestral tomb in a Christian cemetery. It was during this period, the final exile, that he is said to have spent four months in hiding in his father's tomb. (Soz., "Hist. Eccl.", VI, xii; Soc., "Hist. Eccl.", IV, xii).

Question: What Christian beliefs did Emperor Valens adhere to?


Answer: outskirts of Alexandria

Question: Where did Athanasius during his latest exile?


Answer: few months

Question: For how long was he exiled this time?


Answer: his father's tomb

Question: Where did he hide during this time?


Answer: local authorities

Question: Who convinced Valens to let him return to Alexandria?


Answer: Athanasius

Context: Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah and places the Book of Esther among the "7 books not in the canon but to be read" along with the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Judith, Tobit, the Didache, and the Shepherd of Hermas.

Question: Who standardized the books of the New Testament?


Answer: various

Question: What books were used before his decision to standardize?


Answer: 7 books

Question: How many books are listed that should be included but were not?


Answer: 27 books

Question: How many books are in the New Testament?


Answer: in use today

Question: Have those books changed over time?


Answer: not optional but necessary

Context: Perhaps, his most notable letter was his Festal Letter, written to his Church in Alexandria when he was in exile, as he could not be in their presence. This letter shows clearly his stand that accepting Jesus is the Divine Son of God is not optional but necessary; "I know moreover that not only this thing saddens you, but also the fact that while others have obtained the churches by violence, you are meanwhile cast out from your places. For they hold the places, but you the Apostolic Faith. They are, it is true, in the places, but outside of the true Faith; while you are outside the places indeed, but the Faith, within you. Let us consider whether is the greater, the place or the Faith. Clearly the true Faith. Who then has lost more, or who possesses more? He who holds the place, or he who holds the Faith?

Question: Did Athanasius feel that it was important to believe that Jesus was the Son of God?


Answer: the true Faith

Question: Did his place more value on his Faith or where he was living?


Answer: outside of the true Faith

Question: Did he think that the people that had exiled him were true believers?


Answer: within you

Question: Where did Athanasius think Faith resides?


Answer: his Church in Alexandria

Question: Who was the Festal Letter written for?


Answer: thrice repeating his name

Context: Alban Butler, writes on the subject: "Five months after this great Council, Nicae, St Alexander lying on his death-bed, recommended to his clergy and people the choice of Athanasius for his successor, thrice repeating his name. In consequence of his recommendation, the bishops of all Egypt assembled at Alexandria, and finding the people and clergy unanimous in their choice of Athanasius for patriarch, they confirmed the election about the middle of year 326. He seems, then, to have been about thirty years of age. "

Question: How did the people know that Alexander had chosen Athanasius as his successor?


Answer: thirty years

Question: How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Patriarch?


Answer: bishops of all Egypt

Question: Who came to Alexandria to confirm the choice?


Answer: unanimous in their choice

Question: Did all the people want him as Patriarch?


Answer: Five months

Question: How long after the Council of Nicae did Alexander die?


Answer: Gospel of John

Context: The Gospel of John and particularly the first chapter demonstrates the Divinity of Jesus. This Gospel in itself is the greatest support of Athanasius's stand. The Gospel of John's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass, we believe as a result of Athanasius, and his life's stand, but quietly. The Last Gospel of The Mass, The Eucharist, St John[1:1–14], together with the prayer; "Placeat tibi", the Blessing, are all private devotions that have been gradually absorbed by the liturgical service. The beginning of John's Gospel was much used as an object of special devotion throughout the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, the practice of saying it at the altar grew; eventually Pius V made this practice universal for the Roman Rite in his edition of the Missal (1570). It became a firm custom with exceptions in using an other Gospel in use from 1920. So the Missals showed different last Gospel for certain Feast days. A Prayer Card for the St John's Gospel. Also:

Question: Which of the Gospels most agrees with Athanasius?


Answer: the Divinity of Jesus

Question: What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also believed?


Answer: a result of Athanasius

Question: Why is the Gospel of John said at the end of Catholic Mass?


Answer: at the altar

Question: Where was this Gospel said?


Answer: certain Feast days

Question: When are different Gospels said?


Answer: different theological views

Context: Scholars now believe that the Arian Party was not monolithic, but held drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum. They supported the tenets of Origenist thought and theology, but had little else in common. Moreover, many labelled "Arian" did not consider themselves followers of Arius. In addition, non-Homoousian bishops disagreed with being labeled as followers of Arius, since Arius was merely a presbyter, while they were fully ordained bishops. However, others point to the Council of Nicaea as proof in and of itself that Arianism was a real theological ideology.[citation needed]

Question: Did all Arians believe the same things?


Answer: supported the tenets

Question: Were Arians also Origenists?


Answer: bishops disagreed

Question: Did the bishops consider themselves Arians?


Answer: a real theological ideology

Question: What did the Council of Nicaea decide about Arianism?


Answer: not monolithic

Question: Did Arians have one set of beliefs?


Answer: Klondike Gold Rush

Context: Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Growth returned during and after World War II, due partially to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994 the Internet retail giant Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000.

Question: To what golden event was Seattle the portal?


Answer: Microsoft

Question: Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle?


Answer: Alaska

Question: In what area was the Klondike Gold Rush located?


Answer: Logging

Question: What was Seattle's first primary money maker?


Answer: Boeing

Question: What was the airplane company that helped Seattle return to economic stability?


Answer: King County

Context: Seattle (i/siˈætəl/) is a West Coast seaport city and the seat of King County. With an estimated 662,400 residents as of 2015[update], Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013 it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States, and remained in the top five in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The Seattle metropolitan area of around 3.6 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canada–United States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the third largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015.

Question: Of which Washington county is Seattle the center?


Answer: 662,400

Question: By 2015 what was Seattle's population?


Answer: third largest

Question: What is Seattle's ranking in North America in terms of container processing?


Answer: July 2013

Question: By what time was Seattle the most rapidly growing city in the US?


Answer: 100 miles

Question: How far away is the Canadian border from Seattle?


Answer: Denny Party

Context: After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square. Charles Terry and John Low remained at the original landing location and reestablished their old land claim and called it "New York", but renamed "New York Alki" in April 1853, from a Chinook word meaning, roughly, "by and by" or "someday". For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, but in time Alki was abandoned and its residents moved across the bay to join the rest of the settlers.

Question: What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square?


Answer: April 1853

Question: When was New York Alki established?


Answer: New York

Question: by what name did Charles Terry and John Low first name their settlement?


Answer: New York Alki

Question: What was the Chinook enhanced name of Terry and Low's settlement?


Answer: New York Alki

Question: What site was eventually abandoned when the settlers moved back in with Denny?


Answer: May 23, 1853

Context: The name "Seattle" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The town of Seattle was disincorporated January 18, 1867 and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869 with a Mayor-council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date "1869" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile.

Question: At what date did the name Seattle first appear on official papers?


Answer: Chief Sealth

Question: What famous Indian appears on the seal of Seattle?


Answer: May 23, 1853

Question: When were the first land allocations made in Seattle?


Answer: January 14, 1865

Question: At what date was Seattle incorporated as a town?


Answer: Mayor-council

Question: What type of governing body did Seattle have in 1869?


Answer: lumber

Context: The first such boom, covering the early years of the city, rode on the lumber industry. (During this period the road now known as Yesler Way won the nickname "Skid Road", supposedly after the timber skidding down the hill to Henry Yesler's sawmill. The later dereliction of the area may be a possible origin for the term which later entered the wider American lexicon as Skid Row.) Like much of the American West, Seattle saw numerous conflicts between labor and management, as well as ethnic tensions that culminated in the anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886. This violence originated with unemployed whites who were determined to drive the Chinese from Seattle (anti-Chinese riots also occurred in Tacoma). In 1900, Asians were 4.2% of the population. Authorities declared martial law and federal troops arrived to put down the disorder.

Question: What was the industry source that produced Seattle's first financial vigor?


Answer: Skid Road

Question: What name was given to the street Yesler Way?


Answer: Skid Row

Question: After Yesler Way fell into ill refute, what was the term generally used for this type of decline?


Answer: 4.2%

Question: What percentage of the Seattle population was Asian in 1900?


Answer: anti-Chinese riots

Question: What events occurred in 1885-1886 due to racial disputes?


Answer: Klondike Gold Rush

Context: The second and most dramatic boom and bust resulted from the Klondike Gold Rush, which ended the depression that had begun with the Panic of 1893; in a short time, Seattle became a major transportation center. On July 14, 1897, the S.S. Portland docked with its famed "ton of gold", and Seattle became the main transport and supply point for the miners in Alaska and the Yukon. Few of those working men found lasting wealth, however; it was Seattle's business of clothing the miners and feeding them salmon that panned out in the long run. Along with Seattle, other cities like Everett, Tacoma, Port Townsend, Bremerton, and Olympia, all in the Puget Sound region, became competitors for exchange, rather than mother lodes for extraction, of precious metals. The boom lasted well into the early part of the 20th century and funded many new Seattle companies and products. In 1907, 19-year-old James E. Casey borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later UPS). Other Seattle companies founded during this period include Nordstrom and Eddie Bauer. Seattle brought in the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm to design a system of parks and boulevards.

Question: After lumbering, what was Seattle's second big economic boom?


Answer: depression

Question: What event ended the Gold Rush?


Answer: Panic of 1893

Question: What was the start of the depression that stopped the Gold Rush?


Answer: miners

Question: For whom was Seattle the main port of supply ?


Answer: American Messenger Company

Question: What company did James E. Casey found in 1907 with a borrowed $100?


Answer: Boeing aircraft

Context: War work again brought local prosperity during World War II, this time centered on Boeing aircraft. The war dispersed the city's numerous Japanese-American businessmen due to the Japanese American internment. After the war, the local economy dipped. It rose again with Boeing's growing dominance in the commercial airliner market. Seattle celebrated its restored prosperity and made a bid for world recognition with the Century 21 Exposition, the 1962 World's Fair. Another major local economic downturn was in the late 1960s and early 1970s, at a time when Boeing was heavily affected by the oil crises, loss of Government contracts, and costs and delays associated with the Boeing 747. Many people left the area to look for work elsewhere, and two local real estate agents put up a billboard reading "Will the last person leaving Seattle – Turn out the lights."

Question: During WWII what company added substantially to Seattle's economy?


Answer: Japanese American internment

Question: What national event during WWII left Seattle without Japanese businessmen?


Answer: commercial airliner market

Question: In what facet of the economy did Boeing excel?


Answer: 1962 World's Fair

Question: How did Seattle celebrate its economic rise in 1962?


Answer: Boeing

Question: What company's downturn drastically effected Seattle's economy?


Answer: vaudeville

Context: Seattle was also the home base of impresario Alexander Pantages who, starting in 1902, opened a number of theaters in the city exhibiting vaudeville acts and silent movies. His activities soon expanded, and the thrifty Greek went on and became one of America's greatest theater and movie tycoons. Between Pantages and his rival John Considine, Seattle was for a while the western United States' vaudeville mecca. B. Marcus Priteca, the Scottish-born and Seattle-based architect, built several theaters for Pantages, including some in Seattle. The theaters he built for Pantages in Seattle have been either demolished or converted to other uses, but many other theaters survive in other cities of the U.S., often retaining the Pantages name; Seattle's surviving Paramount Theatre, on which he collaborated, was not a Pantages theater.

Question: What type of theater did Alexander Pantages start in Seattle?


Answer: 1902

Question: When did Pantages open his movie houses?


Answer: John Considine

Question: Who was Pantages competitor in the theater business?


Answer: B. Marcus Priteca

Question: Who was the architect who built a number of theaters in the Seattle area?


Answer: Paramount Theatre

Question: Which of Seattle's famous, and still extant, theaters did Priteca disign?


Answer: 2001

Context: Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago. The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington.

Question: When did Boeing move its headquarters to Chicago?


Answer: Seattle

Question: Before 2001, where was Boeing headquartered?


Answer: production facilities

Question: What did Boeing separate from its headquarters facilities?


Answer: Everett

Question: Besides the Renton plant, where else are airplanes made for Boeing?


Answer: all residents

Question: To whom is the Boeing credit union open?


Answer: World War I

Context: A shipbuilding boom in the early part of the 20th century became massive during World War I, making Seattle somewhat of a company town; the subsequent retrenchment led to the Seattle General Strike of 1919, the first general strike in the country. A 1912 city development plan by Virgil Bogue went largely unused. Seattle was mildly prosperous in the 1920s but was particularly hard hit in the Great Depression, experiencing some of the country's harshest labor strife in that era. Violence during the Maritime Strike of 1934 cost Seattle much of its maritime traffic, which was rerouted to the Port of Los Angeles.

Question: When was ship building the economic master in Seattle?


Answer: Port of Los Angeles.

Question: What city profited by Seattle's Maritime Strike?


Answer: Seattle General Strike

Question: What was the first general labor strike in the 20th century?


Answer: 1919

Question: When did the General Strike happen in Seattle?


Answer: Maritime Strike

Question: What major strike in 1934 damaged Seattle's maritime economy?


Answer: Wah Mee massacre

Context: As prosperity began to return in the 1980s, the city was stunned by the Wah Mee massacre in 1983, when 13 people were killed in an illegal gambling club in the International District, Seattle's Chinatown. Beginning with Microsoft's 1979 move from Albuquerque, New Mexico to nearby Bellevue, Washington, Seattle and its suburbs became home to a number of technology companies including Amazon.com, RealNetworks, Nintendo of America, McCaw Cellular (now part of AT&T Mobility), VoiceStream (now T-Mobile), and biomedical corporations such as HeartStream (later purchased by Philips), Heart Technologies (later purchased by Boston Scientific), Physio-Control (later purchased by Medtronic), ZymoGenetics, ICOS (later purchased by Eli Lilly and Company) and Immunex (later purchased by Amgen). This success brought an influx of new residents with a population increase within city limits of almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000, and saw Seattle's real estate become some of the most expensive in the country. In 1993, the movie Sleepless in Seattle brought the city further national attention. Many of the Seattle area's tech companies remained relatively strong, but the frenzied dot-com boom years ended in early 2001.

Question: What violent act happened in Seattle's Chinatown in 1983?


Answer: gambling club

Question: What type of establishment was Wan Mee?


Answer: Microsoft

Question: Which huge tech corporation moved its headquarters the Seattle area?


Answer: real estate

Question: What item for sale in 2000 Seattle was some of the most costly in the US?


Answer: early 2001

Question: About what time did the big tech boom in Seattle fizzle?


Answer: Goodwill Games

Context: Seattle in this period attracted widespread attention as home to these many companies, but also by hosting the 1990 Goodwill Games and the APEC leaders conference in 1993, as well as through the worldwide popularity of grunge, a sound that had developed in Seattle's independent music scene. Another bid for worldwide attention—hosting the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999—garnered visibility, but not in the way its sponsors desired, as related protest activity and police reactions to those protests overshadowed the conference itself. The city was further shaken by the Mardi Gras Riots in 2001, and then literally shaken the following day by the Nisqually earthquake.

Question: What sporting event did Seattle sponsor in 1990?


Answer: Nisqually earthquake

Question: What was the geologic event that followed the Mardi Gras Riots in2001?


Answer: grunge

Question: What is Seattle's musical genre developed in the 1990s?


Answer: 1999

Question: When did Seattle offer the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference?


Answer: police reactions

Question: What caused bad press during the conference protests in Seattle?


Answer: Puget Sound

Context: Seattle is located between the saltwater Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) to the west and Lake Washington to the east. The city's chief harbor, Elliott Bay, is part of Puget Sound, which makes the city an oceanic port. To the west, beyond Puget Sound, are the Kitsap Peninsula and Olympic Mountains on the Olympic Peninsula; to the east, beyond Lake Washington and the eastside suburbs, are Lake Sammamish and the Cascade Range. Lake Washington's waters flow to Puget Sound through the Lake Washington Ship Canal (consisting of two man-made canals, Lake Union, and the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks at Salmon Bay, ending in Shilshole Bay on Puget Sound).

Question: What water mass is located west of Seattle?


Answer: Olympic Peninsula

Question: What land area is west of Puget Sound?


Answer: Lake Washington

Question: What lake is to the east of Seattle?


Answer: Elliott Bay

Question: Where is Seattle's prime harbor?


Answer: oceanic port

Question: Because Elliott Bay is salt water, what kind of port is Seattle?


Answer: Amazon.com

Context: Yet another boom began as the city emerged from the Great Recession. Amazon.com moved its headquarters from North Beacon Hill to South Lake Union and began a rapid expansion. For the five years beginning in 2010, Seattle gained an average of 14,511 residents per year, with the growth strongly skewed toward the center of the city, as unemployment dropped from roughly 9 percent to 3.6 percent. The city has found itself "bursting at the seams," with over 45,000 households spending more than half their income on housing and at least 2,800 people homeless, and with the country's sixth-worst rush hour traffic.

Question: What large company moved its headquarters to South Lake Union in Seattle?


Answer: 2010

Question: When did Amazon begin its latest expansion?


Answer: more than half

Question: How much of their income do half of Seattle's population have to spend on housing?


Answer: 14,511

Question: How many new people move to Seattle each year?


Answer: sixth-worst

Question: Where does Seattle rank in rush hour traffic?


Answer: Pacific Ring of Fire

Context: Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused only one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly, and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill.

Question: What hazardous geologic area does Seattle inhabit?


Answer: reclaimed land

Question: What type of land area is at most risk of earthquake damage?


Answer: 6.8

Question: What was the magnitude of the Nisqually quake?


Answer: February 28, 2001

Question: On what date did the Nisqually earthquake occur that damaged the Pioneer Square area?


Answer: 9.0 or greater

Question: What is the amount of magnitude possible on the Cascadia subduction zone?


Answer: Rome

Context: The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary, but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford, Mount Baker, and Crown Hill neighborhoods are technically located on hills as well. Many of the hilliest areas are near the city center, with Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constituting something of a ridge along an isthmus between Elliott Bay and Lake Washington. The break in the ridge between First Hill and Beacon Hill is man-made, the result of two of the many regrading projects that reshaped the topography of the city center. The topography of the city center was also changed by the construction of a seawall and the artificial Harbor Island (completed 1909) at the mouth of the city's industrial Duwamish Waterway, the terminus of the Green River. The highest point within city limits is at High Point in West Seattle, which is roughly located near 35th Ave SW and SW Myrtle St. Other notable hills include Crown Hill, View Ridge/Wedgwood/Bryant, Maple Leaf, Phinney Ridge, Mt. Baker Ridge and Highlands/Carkeek/Bitterlake.

Question: What other famous city, besides Seattle, lies on seven hills?


Answer: ridge

Question: What type of land area does Capital hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill constitute?


Answer: Harbor Island

Question: What artificial geological feature was added to Seattle in 1909?


Answer: High Point

Question: Where is the highest place in Seattle?


Answer: Duwamish Waterway

Question: Where was Harbor Island built?


Answer: 37.49 inches

Context: From 1981 to 2010, the average annual precipitation measured at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport was 37.49 inches (952 mm). Annual precipitation has ranged from 23.78 in (604 mm) in 1952 to 55.14 in (1,401 mm) in 1950; for water year (October 1 – September 30) precipitation, the range is 23.16 in (588 mm) in 1976–77 to 51.82 in (1,316 mm) in 1996–97. Due to local variations in microclimate, Seattle also receives significantly lower precipitation than some other locations west of the Cascades. Around 80 mi (129 km) to the west, the Hoh Rain Forest in Olympic National Park on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average precipitation of 142 in (3.61 m). Sixty miles to the south of Seattle, the state capital Olympia, which is out of the Olympic Mountains' rain shadow, receives an annual average precipitation of 50 in (1,270 mm). The city of Bremerton, about 15 mi (24 km) west of downtown Seattle, receives 56.4 in (1,430 mm) of precipitation annually.

Question: What is the average rainfall in Seattle?


Answer: Hoh Rain Forest

Question: Where on the Olympic Peninsula does the rainfall average 142 inches a year?


Answer: Olympic Mountains

Question: What mountain range is the cause of the variance in rainfall?


Answer: variations in microclimate

Question: What weather factor produces a great variance in local climates in the Seattle area?


Answer: Olympia

Question: What is the capital of the state of Washington?


Answer: November

Context: In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation. Conversely, the city receives some of the lowest precipitation amounts of any large city from June to September. Seattle is one of the five rainiest major U.S. cities as measured by the number of days with precipitation, and it receives some of the lowest amounts of annual sunshine among major cities in the lower 48 states, along with some cities in the Northeast, Ohio and Michigan. Thunderstorms are rare, as the city reports thunder on just seven days per year. By comparison, Fort Myers, Florida reports thunder on 93 days per year, Kansas City on 52, and New York City on 25.

Question: During which month does Seattle get more precipitation than other US cities?


Answer: June to September

Question: When does Seattle get it lowest levels of precipitation?


Answer: Seattle

Question: In the lower 48 states, which city receives some of the least sunny days that any other?


Answer: Thunderstorms

Question: What weather feature is highly unusual in Seattle?


Answer: seven

Question: About how many days a year is thunder a reported weather event in Seattle?


Answer: Temperature extremes

Context: Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. The region is largely shielded from Pacific storms by the Olympic Mountains and from Arctic air by the Cascade Range. Despite being on the margin of the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputation for frequent rain. This reputation stems from the frequency of light precipitation in the fall, winter, and spring. In an average year, at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of precipitation falls on 150 days, more than nearly all U.S. cities east of the Rocky Mountains. It is cloudy 201 days out of the year and partly cloudy 93 days. Official weather and climatic data is collected at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, located about 19 km (12 mi) south of downtown in the city of SeaTac, which is at a higher elevation, and records more cloudy days and fewer partly cloudy days per year.

Question: What does the local water ways regulate in the Seattle area?


Answer: Seattle–Tacoma International Airport

Question: At what location is most weather data collected for the Seattle area?


Answer: Olympic Mountains

Question: What land mass protects Seattle from Pacific caused weather?


Answer: Cascade Range

Question: What geologic feature protects Seattle from the Arctic cold winds?


Answer: light precipitation

Question: What type of rain fall does Seattle most often experience?


Answer: Puget Sound Convergence Zone

Context: The Puget Sound Convergence Zone is an important feature of Seattle's weather. In the convergence zone, air arriving from the north meets air flowing in from the south. Both streams of air originate over the Pacific Ocean; airflow is split by the Olympic Mountains to Seattle's west, then reunited to the east. When the air currents meet, they are forced upward, resulting in convection. Thunderstorms caused by this activity are usually weak and can occur north and south of town, but Seattle itself rarely receives more than occasional thunder and small hail showers. The Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm in December 2006 is an exception that brought heavy rain and winds gusting up to 69 mph (111 km/h), an event that was not caused by the Puget Sound Convergence Zone and was widespread across the Pacific Northwest.

Question: What is a very significant part of Seattle's weather system?


Answer: streams of air

Question: Of what is the Convergence Zone comprised?


Answer: Pacific Ocean

Question: From where do the two streams of air come?


Answer: Olympic Mountains

Question: What mountain Range splits the wind stream in the west of Seattle?


Answer: Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm

Question: What bad wind and rain event was not caused by the Convergence Zone?


Answer: heavy snow

Context: Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea-Tac Airport, is 6.8 inches (17.3 cm). Single calendar-day snowfall of six inches or greater has occurred on only 15 days since 1948, and only once since February 17, 1990, when 6.8 in (17.3 cm) of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012. This moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985. Much of the city of Seattle proper received somewhat lesser snowfall accumulations. Locations to the south of Seattle received more, with Olympia and Chehalis receiving 14 to 18 in (36 to 46 cm). Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below 32 °F (0 °C), causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow. The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to 6 feet (1.8 m) in places at the end of the snow event. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in (74 cm) of snow on the ground by the time the event was over. With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is 20.0 in (51 cm) on January 13, 1950. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from zero in 1991–92 to 67.5 in (171 cm) in 1968–69, with trace amounts having occurred as recently as 2009–10. The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing 57.2 in (145 cm) of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.

Question: What type of snowfall is not often seen in Seattle?


Answer: 6.8 inches

Question: What is the usual average snowfall in Seattle?


Answer: once

Question: How many times has snowfall been reported at more than 6 inches since 1990?


Answer: December 12–25, 2008

Question: When was there a moderate snowfall of over one foot that lasted on the ground two weeks?


Answer: January 5–9, 1880

Question: On what dates did Seattle experience a snow event of 6 feet?


Answer: 40.6 °F

Context: Autumn, winter, and early spring are frequently characterized by rain. Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging 40.6 °F (4.8 °C), with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to 20 °F (−7 °C). Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, averaging 66.1 °F (18.9 °C), and with temperatures reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on 3.1 days per year, although 2011 is the most recent year to not reach 90 °F. The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 thru March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.

Question: What is Seattle's average December temperature?


Answer: 28 annual days

Question: How many winter days reach freezing in Seattle?


Answer: August

Question: What month is the warmest in Seattle?


Answer: 66.1 °F

Question: What is August's usual temperature?


Answer: 250 days

Question: How long is the growing season in the Seattle area?


Answer: half

Context: Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during the months of November, December and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period. In late fall and early winter, atmospheric rivers (also known as "Pineapple Express" systems), strong frontal systems, and Pacific low pressure systems are common. Light rain & drizzle are the predominant forms of precipitation during the remainder of the year; for instance, on average, less than 1.6 in (41 mm) of rain falls in July and August combined when rain is rare. On occasion, Seattle experiences somewhat more significant weather events. One such event occurred on December 2–4, 2007, when sustained hurricane-force winds and widespread heavy rainfall associated with a strong Pineapple Express event occurred in the greater Puget Sound area and the western parts of Washington and Oregon. Precipitation totals exceeded 13.8 in (350 mm) in some areas with winds topping out at 209 km/h (130 mph) along coastal Oregon. It became the second wettest event in Seattle history when a little over 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain fell on Seattle in a 24-hour period. Lack of adaptation to the heavy rain contributed to five deaths and widespread flooding and damage.

Question: What quantity of yearly rainfall does Seattle have during the winter?


Answer: heaviest rainfall

Question: What type of weather does Seattle have in the winter months?


Answer: Pineapple Express

Question: What are atmospheric rivers called in the Seattle area?


Answer: December 2–4, 2007

Question: When did Seattle have hurricane type winds and heavy rains?


Answer: five deaths

Question: How many deaths occurred during the 2007 heavy rains?


Answer: 200,000

Context: In recent years, the city has experienced steady population growth, and has been faced with the issue of accommodating more residents. In 2006, after growing by 4,000 citizens per year for the previous 16 years, regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000 people by 2040. However, former mayor Greg Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by 60%, or 350,000 people, by 2040 and worked on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle's single-family housing zoning laws. The Seattle City Council later voted to relax height limits on buildings in the greater part of Downtown, partly with the aim to increase residential density in the city centre. As a sign of increasing inner-city growth, the downtown population crested to over 60,000 in 2009, up 77% since 1990.

Question: How many more people does Seattle expect to have by 2040?


Answer: height limits

Question: What change in building heights did Seattle make to increase population density in its downtown ?


Answer: Greg Nickels

Question: Who wanted to grow Seattle by 60% by 2040?


Answer: 77%

Question: How much increase in population has the inner Seattle city had since 1990?


Answer: 60,000

Question: What was the downtown Seattle population in 2009?


Answer: 40%

Context: Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States.

Question: How much did Seattle's foreign born population expand between 1990-2000?


Answer: self-identified mixed-race

Question: What other group of people does Seattle have the largest percentage of in the US?


Answer: Guangdong province

Question: From where in China did most of the first immigrants come?


Answer: 55,000

Question: How many Vietnamese residents are there in Seattle?


Answer: 19,000

Question: What is the population of Cambodian immigrants in Seattle?


Answer: 91.6%

Context: Seattle's population historically has been predominantly white. The 2010 census showed that Seattle was one of the whitest big cities in the country, although its proportion of white residents has been gradually declining. In 1960, whites comprised 91.6% of the city's population, while in 2010 they comprised 69.5%. According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, approximately 78.9% of residents over the age of five spoke only English at home. Those who spoke Asian languages other than Indo-European languages made up 10.2% of the population, Spanish was spoken by 4.5% of the population, speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9%, and speakers of other languages made up 2.5%.

Question: In 1960, what was the percentage of whites in the Seattle area?


Answer: white

Question: What is the basic race of most people in Seattle?


Answer: 69.5%

Question: According to the 2010 census, what was the white population in Seattle?


Answer: 78.9%

Question: In 2006-2008, how many people in Seattle spoke English at home?


Answer: 10.2%

Question: What is the percentage of Asian speakers in Seattle?


Answer: Four

Context: Still, very large companies dominate the business landscape. Four companies on the 2013 Fortune 500 list of the United States' largest companies, based on total revenue, are headquartered in Seattle: Internet retailer Amazon.com (#49), coffee chain Starbucks (#208), department store Nordstrom (#227), and freight forwarder Expeditors International of Washington (#428). Other Fortune 500 companies popularly associated with Seattle are based in nearby Puget Sound cities. Warehouse club chain Costco (#22), the largest retail company in Washington, is based in Issaquah. Microsoft (#35) is located in Redmond. Weyerhaeuser, the forest products company (#363), is based in Federal Way. Finally, Bellevue is home to truck manufacturer Paccar (#168). Other major companies in the area include Nintendo of America in Redmond, T-Mobile US in Bellevue, Expedia Inc. in Bellevue and Providence Health & Services — the state's largest health care system and fifth largest employer — in Renton. The city has a reputation for heavy coffee consumption; coffee companies founded or based in Seattle include Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee, and Tully's. There are also many successful independent artisanal espresso roasters and cafés.

Question: How many of the Fortune 500 companies are based in Seattle?


Answer: coffee

Question: What drink do the people of Seattle excel in drinking?


Answer: Starbucks

Question: What famous coffee chain is home in Seattle?


Answer: Amazon.com

Question: Which huge internet seller is headquartered in Seattle?


Answer: Redmond

Question: In what city near Seattle is Microsoft based?


Answer: Boeing

Context: Prior to moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#30) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway, in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (now part of Amgen), Trubion, and ZymoGenetics. Vulcan Inc., the holding company of billionaire Paul Allen, is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense. Also in 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Seattle among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation for climates favorable to business expansion. In 2005, Forbes ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels. In 2013, however, the magazine ranked Seattle No. 9 on its list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.

Question: Before they moved to Chicago, what was the biggest company headquartered in Seattle?


Answer: buying a house

Question: For what did Forbes rank Seattle the most expensive?


Answer: Everett and Renton

Question: Where in the Seattle area does Boeing have manufacturing plants?


Answer: Mayor Greg Nickels

Question: Which past mayor of Seattle has been criticized for favoring the rich of industry at the expense of the people?


Answer: biotech companies

Question: What type of businesses did Nickles want to attract to Seattle?


Answer: $231 billion

Context: Seattle's economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies, and "new economy" Internet and technology companies, service, design and clean technology companies. The city's gross metropolitan product was $231 billion in 2010, making it the 11th largest metropolitan economy in the United States. The Port of Seattle, which also operates Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, is a major gateway for trade with Asia and cruises to Alaska, and is the 8th largest port in the United States in terms of container capacity. Though it was affected by the Great Recession, Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy, and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses, especially in green building and clean technologies: it was ranked as America's No. 1 "smarter city" based on its government policies and green economy. In February 2010, the city government committed Seattle to becoming North America's first "climate neutral" city, with a goal of reaching zero net per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.

Question: What was Seattle's gross product in 2010?


Answer: 11th largest

Question: Where does Seattle rank in size of economy in 2010?


Answer: 8th largest port

Question: How does the Port of Seattle container capability rank as compared to others in the US?


Answer: 2030

Question: When does Seattle want to be rated as a climate neutral city?


Answer: start-up businesses

Question: What type of industry thrives in Settle?


Answer: 12.9%

Context: Seattle also has large lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. According to a 2006 study by UCLA, 12.9% of city residents polled identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. metropolitan areas, with 6.5% of the population identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. According to 2012 estimates from the United States Census Bureau, Seattle has the highest percentage of same-sex households in the United States, at 2.6 per cent, surpassing San Francisco.

Question: By a UCLA study,how many Seattle residents identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual?


Answer: second-highest

Question: How does the numbers in the gay community rank compared to other US cities?


Answer: San Francisco

Question: What city ranked higher in population in the gay community?


Answer: 2.6

Question: What is Seattle's percentage of same sex households?


Answer: highest percentage

Question: What is Seattle's ranking for same sex households as compared with the rest of the US?


Answer: around 100

Context: The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals.

Question: How many theater companies does Seattle have in residence?


Answer: 28

Question: How many equity theaters does Seattle have?


Answer: 5th Avenue Theatre

Question: What Seattle theater was built in 1926?


Answer: fringe theatre

Question: To what type of theater are the two dozen live venues in Seattle associated?


Answer: equity theaters

Question: To what type of theater is Seattle second to New York?


Answer: century

Context: Seattle has been a regional center for the performing arts for many years. The century-old Seattle Symphony Orchestra is among the world's most recorded and performs primarily at Benaroya Hall. The Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet, which perform at McCaw Hall (opened 2003 on the site of the former Seattle Opera House at Seattle Center), are comparably distinguished, with the Opera being particularly known for its performances of the works of Richard Wagner and the PNB School (founded in 1974) ranking as one of the top three ballet training institutions in the United States. The Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestras (SYSO) is the largest symphonic youth organization in the United States. The city also boasts lauded summer and winter chamber music festivals organized by the Seattle Chamber Music Society.

Question: How old is Seattle's Symphony Orchestra?


Answer: PNB School

Question: What Seattle organization is one of the top ballet schools in the US?


Answer: Benaroya Hall

Question: In what venue does the Seattle symphony perform?


Answer: McCaw Hall

Question: Where do the Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet perform?


Answer: Seattle Opera House

Question: What structure was originally at site of the McCaw Hall?


Answer: Emerald City

Context: From 1869 until 1982, Seattle was known as the "Queen City". Seattle's current official nickname is the "Emerald City", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area. Seattle is also referred to informally as the "Gateway to Alaska" for being the nearest major city in the contiguous US to Alaska, "Rain City" for its frequent cloudy and rainy weather, and "Jet City" from the local influence of Boeing. The city has two official slogans or mottos: "The City of Flowers", meant to encourage the planting of flowers to beautify the city, and "The City of Goodwill", adopted prior to the 1990 Goodwill Games. Seattle residents are known as Seattleites.

Question: What is Seattle's present nickname?


Answer: The City of Goodwill

Question: What did Seattle call itself at the time of the Goodwill Games?


Answer: evergreen forests

Question: To what distinct feature of the area does Emerald City refer?


Answer: Gateway to Alaska

Question: Since Seattle is near Alaska, what is the city called?


Answer: Boeing

Question: From what company does Seattle get its nickname Jet City?


Answer: Seattle International Film Festival

Context: Among Seattle's prominent annual fairs and festivals are the 24-day Seattle International Film Festival, Northwest Folklife over the Memorial Day weekend, numerous Seafair events throughout July and August (ranging from a Bon Odori celebration to the Seafair Cup hydroplane races), the Bite of Seattle, one of the largest Gay Pride festivals in the United States, and the art and music festival Bumbershoot, which programs music as well as other art and entertainment over the Labor Day weekend. All are typically attended by 100,000 people annually, as are the Seattle Hempfest and two separate Independence Day celebrations.

Question: What Seattle fair lasts 24 days?


Answer: Bite of Seattle

Question: What is Seattle's gay pride parade called?


Answer: two

Question: How many Independence Day celebrations does Seattle have yearly?


Answer: July and August

Question: When are Seafair events held in Seattle?


Answer: art and music

Question: What is the focus of the Bumbershoot festival?


Answer: 2001

Context: Seattle annually sends a team of spoken word slammers to the National Poetry Slam and considers itself home to such performance poets as Buddy Wakefield, two-time Individual World Poetry Slam Champ; Anis Mojgani, two-time National Poetry Slam Champ; and Danny Sherrard, 2007 National Poetry Slam Champ and 2008 Individual World Poetry Slam Champ. Seattle also hosted the 2001 national Poetry Slam Tournament. The Seattle Poetry Festival is a biennial poetry festival that (launched first as the Poetry Circus in 1997) has featured local, regional, national, and international names in poetry.

Question: When did Seattle host the national Poetry Slam Tournament?


Answer: Poetry Circus

Question: What poetry festival was first held in 1997?


Answer: biennial

Question: How often is the Seattle Poetry festival held?


Answer: annually

Question: How often does Seattle send to the National Poetry Slam?


Answer: performance poets

Question: To what style of poet does Seattle consider itself home?


Answer: grunge

Context: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.

Question: What genre of music are Nirvana and Soundgarden?


Answer: Seattle

Question: Where did artists such as Hendrix and Sixx spend their early years?


Answer: avant-garde jazz

Question: What type of musician is Bill Frisell?


Answer: hip hop

Question: What style of music does Sir Mix-a-Lot and Macklemore represent in Seattle?


Answer: alternative rock

Question: What type of music do Foo Fighters and Harvey Danger perform?


Answer: 1927

Context: The Henry Art Gallery opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington. The Seattle Art Museum (SAM) opened in 1933; SAM opened a museum downtown in 1991 (expanded and reopened 2007); since 1991, the 1933 building has been SAM's Seattle Asian Art Museum (SAAM). SAM also operates the Olympic Sculpture Park (opened 2007) on the waterfront north of the downtown piers. The Frye Art Museum is a free museum on First Hill. Regional history collections are at the Loghouse Museum in Alki, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, the Museum of History and Industry and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. Industry collections are at the Center for Wooden Boats and the adjacent Northwest Seaport, the Seattle Metropolitan Police Museum, and the Museum of Flight. Regional ethnic collections include the Nordic Heritage Museum, the Wing Luke Asian Museum and the Northwest African American Museum. Seattle has artist-run galleries, including 10-year veteran Soil Art Gallery, and the newer Crawl Space Gallery.

Question: When did the first art gallery open in Washington state?


Answer: Henry Art Gallery

Question: What was the name of the first art museum in Washington?


Answer: 1933

Question: When did The Seattle Art Museum open its doors?


Answer: Olympic Sculpture Park

Question: Besides the museums, what other art offering does SAM operate?


Answer: artist-run

Question: Aside from publically operated museums, what other type of person galleries does Seattle offer?


Answer: Sakura-Con

Context: There are other annual events, ranging from the Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show; an anime convention, Sakura-Con; Penny Arcade Expo, a gaming convention; a two-day, 9,000-rider Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic, and specialized film festivals, such as the Maelstrom International Fantastic Film Festival, the Seattle Asian American Film Festival (formerly known as the Northwest Asian American Film Festival), Children's Film Festival Seattle, Translation: the Seattle Transgender Film Festival, the Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, and the Seattle Polish Film Festival.

Question: What anime convention is held in Seattle?


Answer: gaming

Question: What is focus of the Penny Arcade Expo?


Answer: 9,000

Question: How many bicyclists attend the Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic?


Answer: Seattle Transgender Film Festival

Question: What festival does Seattle have for the transgender community?


Answer: Seattle Polish Film Festival

Question: What is Seattle's festival for the Polish community?


Answer: PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans

Context: Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans, which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the Stanley Cup. Seattle was also home to a previous Major League Baseball franchise in 1969: the Seattle Pilots. The Pilots relocated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and became the Milwaukee Brewers for the 1970 season. From 1967 to 2008 Seattle was also home to an National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise: the Seattle SuperSonics, who were the 1978–79 NBA champions. The SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and became the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season.

Question: What was the first American hockey team to win a Stanley Cup?


Answer: 1978–79

Question: When did the Seattle Super Sonics win an NBA championship?


Answer: 1917

Question: In what year did the Seattle Metropolitans win the Stanley Cup?


Answer: Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Question: To where did Seattle's Baseball team relocate in 1969?


Answer: Milwaukee Brewers

Question: What was the new name of the Seattle team?


Answer: three

Context: The Seahawks' CenturyLink Field has hosted NFL playoff games in 2006, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2015. The Seahawks have advanced to the Super Bowl three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. They defeated the Denver Broncos 43-8 to win their first Super Bowl championship in Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 24-28 against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX. Seattle Sounders FC has played in Major League Soccer since 2009, sharing CenturyLink Field with the Seahawks, as a continuation of earlier teams in the lower divisions of American soccer. The Sounders have not won the MLS Cup but have, however, won the MLS Supporters' Shield in 2014 and the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup on four occasions: 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2014.

Question: How many times have the Seattle Seahawks played in the World Series?


Answer: Denver Broncos

Question: Who did the Seahawks beat to win the Super Bowl?


Answer: New England Patriots

Question: What team defeated the Seattle Seahawks to win Super Bowl XLIX?


Answer: Seattle Sounders FC

Question: What is the Seattle soccer club named?


Answer: Seahawks

Question: With what team do the Sounders share Century Link Field?


Answer: liberal

Context: Seattle is widely considered one of the most liberal cities in the United States, even surpassing its neighbor, Portland, Oregon. Support for issues such as same-sex marriage and reproductive rights are largely taken for granted in local politics. In the 2012 U.S. general election, an overwhelming majority of Seattleites voted to approve Referendum 74 and legalize gay marriage in Washington state. In the same election, an overwhelming majority of Seattleites also voted to approve the legalization of the recreational use of cannabis in the state. Like much of the Pacific Northwest (which has the lowest rate of church attendance in the United States and consistently reports the highest percentage of atheism), church attendance, religious belief, and political influence of religious leaders are much lower than in other parts of America.

Question: What is Seattle thought to be politically?


Answer: gay marriage

Question: What did the people of Seattle vote to legalize in 2012?


Answer: use of cannabis

Question: What other political hot issue did voters in Seattle vote to legalize in 2012?


Answer: atheism

Question: What do residents of Seattle believe in matters of religion?


Answer: much lower

Question: How does Seattle compare in church attendance to the rest oF the US?


Answer: over 80%

Context: Seattle's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States, with over 80% of the population voting for the Democratic Party. All precincts in Seattle voted for Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election. In partisan elections for the Washington State Legislature and United States Congress, nearly all elections are won by Democrats. Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor, Bertha Knight Landes. It has also elected an openly gay mayor, Ed Murray, and a socialist councillor, Kshama Sawant. For the first time in United States history, an openly gay black woman was elected to public office when Sherry Harris was elected as a Seattle city councillor in 1991. The majority of the current city council is female, while white men comprise a minority.

Question: How many people in Seattle vote Democratic?


Answer: Barack Obama

Question: For whom did the residents of Seattle vote in the 2012 presidential election?


Answer: Democrats

Question: What party members win most state and national legislative elections?


Answer: Bertha Knight Landes

Question: Who was Seattle's , and the nation's, first female mayor?


Answer: female

Question: What is the sex of the majority of Seattle's city council?


Answer: 7th congressional district

Context: Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.

Question: Of what Congressional district is Seattle a part?


Answer: Like most

Question: To which states' election laws are Seattle's law and ballots similar?


Answer: Jim McDermott

Question: Who is the representative for Seattle's district?


Answer: 1988

Question: When was McDermott elected to office?


Answer: Ed Murray

Question: Who is the present mayor of Seattle?


Answer: 53.8%

Context: Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent. A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates of any major U.S. city. The city was listed as the most literate of the country's 69 largest cities in 2005 and 2006, the second most literate in 2007 and the most literate in 2008 in studies conducted by Central Connecticut State University.

Question: What percentage of the Seattle population has a bachelor's degree?


Answer: most literate

Question: How was Seattle ranked on literacy in 2005-2006?


Answer: 27.4%

Question: What is the national average of obtaining a bachelor's degree?