Answer: 50,000

Question: How many residential buildings did not meet construction standards?


Answer: every 80 years

Context: The most catastrophic earthquakes we know of occurred in 31 BCE, 363, 749, and 1033 CE, that is every ca. 400 years on average. Destructive earthquakes leading to serious loss of life strike about every 80 years. While stringent construction regulations are currently in place and recently built structures are earthquake-safe, as of 2007[update] the majority of the buildings in Israel were older than these regulations and many public buildings as well as 50,000 residential buildings did not meet the new standards and were "expected to collapse" if exposed to a strong quake. Given the fragile political situation of the Middle East region and the presence there of major holy sites, a quake reaching magnitude 7 on the Richter scale could have dire consequences for world peace.

Question: How often do earthquakes that lead to serious loss of life occur?


Answer: Mediterranean

Context: Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate. The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain. The highest temperature in the continent of Asia (54.0 °C or 129.2 °F) was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley.

Question: What kind of climate does Tel Aviv have?


Answer: desert

Question: What kind of climate does Arava have?


Answer: 54.0 °C

Question: What was the highest recorded temperature in Tirat Zvi?


Answer: various water-saving technologies

Context: At the other extreme mountainous regions can be windy, cold, and areas at elevation of 750 meters or more (same elevation as Jerusalem) will usually receive at least one snowfall each year. From May to September, rain in Israel is rare. With scarce water resources, Israel has developed various water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation. Israelis also take advantage of the considerable sunlight available for solar energy, making Israel the leading nation in solar energy use per capita (practically every house uses solar panels for water heating).

Question: Israel developed what?


Answer: sunlight

Question: What does Israelis take advantage of?


Answer: Israel

Question: Who leads the nation in solar energy use?


Answer: 8,476,600

Context: In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000. By June 2012, approximately 60,000 African migrants had entered Israel. About 92% of Israelis live in urban areas.

Question: What was Israel's population in 2016?


Answer: 60,000

Question: How many African migrants entered Israel by June 2012?


Answer: 92%

Question: How many Israelis live in urban areas?


Answer: over 300,000

Context: In 2009[update], over 300,000 Israeli citizens lived in West Bank settlements such as Ma'ale Adumim and Ariel, including settlements that predated the establishment of the State of Israel and which were re-established after the Six-Day War, in cities such as Hebron and Gush Etzion. In 2011, there were 250,000 Jews living in East Jerusalem. 20,000 Israelis live in Golan Heights settlements. The total number of Israeli settlers is over 500,000 (6.5% of the Israeli population). Approximately 7,800 Israelis lived in settlements in the Gaza Strip, until they were evacuated by the government as part of its 2005 disengagement plan.

Question: How many Israeli citizens lived in West Bank settlements?


Answer: 20,000

Question: How many Israelis lived in Golan Heights settlements?


Answer: 2005

Question: When were Israelis evacuated from Gaza Strip?


Answer: Israel

Context: Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as "others", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities.

Question: What's the homeland for Jewish people?


Answer: 75%

Question: Approximately how many Israeli Jews are born in Israel?


Answer: 35%

Question: What percent are Jewish intermarriage rates at?


Answer: Hebrew and Arabic

Context: Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools. English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the creation of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. As a country of immigrants, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia (some 130,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel), Russian and Amharic are widely spoken. More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004. French is spoken by around 700,000 Israelis, mostly originating from France and North Africa (see Maghrebi Jews).

Question: What are the two official languages of Israel?


Answer: 700,000

Question: How many Israelis speak French?


Answer: one million

Question: How many Russian immigrants arrived in Israel?


Answer: 16%

Context: Making up 16% of the population, Muslims constitute Israel's largest religious minority. About 2% of the population is Christian and 1.5% is Druze. The Christian population primarily comprises Arab Christians, but also includes post-Soviet immigrants, the foreign laborers of multinational origins, and followers of Messianic Judaism, considered by most Christians and Jews to be a form of Christianity. Members of many other religious groups, including Buddhists and Hindus, maintain a presence in Israel, albeit in small numbers. Out of more than one million immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Israel, about 300,000 are considered not Jewish by the Orthodox rabbinate.

Question: Muslims make up how much of the Israel's population?


Answer: 1.5%

Question: Druze makes up what percent?


Answer: Christian

Question: 2% of the population in Israel are what?


Answer: Old City

Context: The city of Jerusalem is of special importance to Jews, Muslims and Christians as it is the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Old City that incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Other locations of religious importance in Israel are Nazareth (holy in Christianity as the site of the Annunciation of Mary), Tiberias and Safed (two of the Four Holy Cities in Judaism), the White Mosque in Ramla (holy in Islam as the shrine of the prophet Saleh), and the Church of Saint George in Lod (holy in Christianity and Islam as the tomb of Saint George or Al Khidr). A number of other religious landmarks are located in the West Bank, among them Joseph's Tomb in Nablus, the birthplace of Jesus and Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem, and the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. The administrative center of the Bahá'í Faith and the Shrine of the Báb are located at the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa; the leader of the faith is buried in Acre. Apart from maintenance staff, there is no Bahá'í community in Israel, although it is a destination for pilgrimages. Bahá'í staff in Israel do not teach their faith to Israelis following strict policy. A few miles south of the Bahá'í World Centre is the Middle East centre of the reformist Ahmadiyya movement. Its mixed neighbourhood of Jews and Ahmadi Arabs is the only one of its kind in the country.

Question: What incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount?


Answer: Bethlehem

Question: Where is Rachel's Tomb?


Answer: Bahá'í staff

Question: Who do not teach their faith to Israelis?


Answer: second

Context: Education in Israel is highly valued in the national culture with its historical values dating back to Ancient Israel and was viewed as one fundamental blocks of ancient Israelite life. Israeli culture views higher education as the key to higher mobility and socioeconomic status in Israeli society. The emphasis of education within Israeli society goes to the gulf within the Jewish diaspora from the Renaissance and Enlightenment Movement all the way to the roots of Zionism in the 1880s. Jewish communities in the Levant were the first to introduce compulsory education for which the organized community, not less than the parents, was responsible for the education of the next generation of Jews. With contemporary Jewish culture's strong emphasis, promotion of scholarship and learning and the strong propensity to promote cultivation of intellectual pursuits as well as the nations high university educational attainment rate exemplifies how highly Israeli society values higher education. The Israeli education system has been praised for various reasons, including its high quality and its major role in spurring Israel's economic development and technological boom. Many international business leaders and organizations such as Microsoft founder Bill Gates have praised Israel for its high quality of education in helping spur Israel's economic development. In 2012, the country ranked second among OECD countries (tied with Japan and after Canada) for the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 46 percent compared with the OECD average of 32 percent. In addition, nearly twice as many Israelis aged 55–64 held a higher education degree compared to other OECD countries, with 47 percent holding an academic degree compared with the OECD average of 25%. In 2012, the country ranked third in the world in the number of academic degrees per capita (20 percent of the population).

Question: What was Israel ranked among OECD countries?


Answer: third

Question: What did it rank in the number of academic degrees per capita?


Answer: Bill Gates

Question: Who praised Israel for its high quality education?


Answer: 15.5 years

Context: Israel has a school life expectancy of 15.5 years and a literacy rate of 97.1% according to the United Nations. The State Education Law, passed in 1953, established five types of schools: state secular, state religious, ultra orthodox, communal settlement schools, and Arab schools. The public secular is the largest school group, and is attended by the majority of Jewish and non-Arab pupils in Israel. Most Arabs send their children to schools where Arabic is the language of instruction. Education is compulsory in Israel for children between the ages of three and eighteen. Schooling is divided into three tiers – primary school (grades 1–6), middle school (grades 7–9), and high school (grades 10–12) – culminating with Bagrut matriculation exams. Proficiency in core subjects such as mathematics, the Hebrew language, Hebrew and general literature, the English language, history, Biblical scripture and civics is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate. In Arab, Christian and Druze schools, the exam on Biblical studies is replaced by an exam on Muslim, Christian or Druze heritage. Christian Arabs are one of the most educated groups in Israel. Maariv have describe the Christian Arabs sectors as "the most successful in education system", since Christian Arabs fared the best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in Israel. Israeli children from Russian-speaking families have a higher bagrut pass rate at high-school level. Although amongst immigrant children born in the FSU, the bagrut pass rate is highest amongst those families from Western FSU states of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova (at 62.6%), and lower amongst those from Central Asian and Caucasian FSU states. In 2003, over half of all Israeli twelfth graders earned a matriculation certificate.

Question: What is the school expectancy in Israel?


Answer: 97.1%

Question: What is the literacy rate in Israel?


Answer: Biblical scripture and civics

Question: What is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate?


Answer: Israel

Context: Israel has nine public universities that are subsidized by the state and 49 private colleges. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel's second-oldest university after the Technion, houses the National Library of Israel, the world's largest repository of Judaica and Hebraica. The Technion, the Hebrew University, and the Weizmann Institute consistently ranked among world's 100 top universities by the prestigious ARWU academic ranking. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv University are ranked among the world's top 100 universities by Times Higher Education magazine. Other major universities in the country include Bar-Ilan University, the University of Haifa, The Open University, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Ariel University, in the West Bank, is the newest university institution, upgraded from college status, and the first in over thirty years. Israel's seven research universities (excluding the Open University) are consistently ranked among top 500 in the world.

Question: How many public universities does Israel have?


Answer: 49

Question: How many private colleges does Israel have?


Answer: Technion

Question: What is the oldest university in Israel?


Answer: parliamentary

Context: Israel operates under a parliamentary system as a democratic republic with universal suffrage. A member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority becomes the prime minister—usually this is the chair of the largest party. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet. Israel is governed by a 120-member parliament, known as the Knesset. Membership of the Knesset is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 3.25% electoral threshold, which in practice has resulted in coalition governments.

Question: Israel operates under what kind of system?


Answer: 120

Question: How many members are in the Knesset?


Answer: proportional representation of political parties

Question: Knesset member is based on what?


Answer: three-tier

Context: Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.

Question: What kind of court system does Israel have?


Answer: Jerusalem

Question: Where is the Supreme Court located?


Answer: Supreme Court

Question: What is the highest tier?


Answer: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law

Context: Israel's legal system combines three legal traditions: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law. It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court. Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries. Marriage and divorce are under the jurisdiction of the religious courts: Jewish, Muslim, Druze, and Christian. A committee of Knesset members, Supreme Court justices, and Israeli Bar members carries out the election of judges. Administration of Israel's courts (both the "General" courts and the Labor Courts) is carried by the Administration of Courts, situated in Jerusalem. Both General and Labor courts are paperless courts: the storage of court files, as well as court decisions, are conducted electronically. Israel's Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty seeks to defend human rights and liberties in Israel.

Question: What legal traditions does Israel combine?


Answer: stare decisis

Question: What principle is it based on?


Answer: Human Dignity

Question: What is Israel's Basic Law?


Answer: six

Context: The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, known as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) – Center, Haifa, Jerusalem, North, Southern, and Tel Aviv Districts, as well as the Judea and Samaria Area in the West Bank. All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and North districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel. Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions.

Question: The State of Israel is divided into how many administrative districts?


Answer: mehozot

Question: What are these districts known as?


Answer: fifteen

Question: How many sub-districts are there?


Answer: three

Context: For statistical purposes, the country is divided into three metropolitan areas: Tel Aviv metropolitan area (population 3,206,400), Haifa metropolitan area (population 1,021,000), and Beer Sheva metropolitan area (population 559,700). Israel's largest municipality, in population and area, is Jerusalem with 773,800 residents in an area of 126 square kilometres (49 sq mi) (in 2009). Israeli government statistics on Jerusalem include the population and area of East Jerusalem, which is widely recognized as part of the Palestinian territories under Israeli occupation. Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Rishon LeZion rank as Israel's next most populous cities, with populations of 393,900, 265,600, and 227,600 respectively.

Question: How many metropolitan areas are there?


Answer: Tel Aviv

Question: What metropolitan area has the largest population?


Answer: 559,700

Question: What is the population of Beer Sheva?


Answer: UN Security Council

Context: Since Israel's capture of these territories, Israeli settlements and military installations have been built within each of them. Israel has applied civilian law to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem and granted their inhabitants permanent residency status and the ability to apply for citizenship. The West Bank, outside of the Israeli settlements within the territory, has remained under direct military rule, and Palestinians in this area cannot become Israeli citizens. Israel withdrew its military forces and dismantled the Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip as part of its disengagement from Gaza though it continues to maintain control of its airspace and waters. The UN Security Council has declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem to be "null and void" and continues to view the territories as occupied. The International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations, asserted, in its 2004 advisory opinion on the legality of the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, that the lands captured by Israel in the Six-Day War, including East Jerusalem, are occupied territory.

Question: Who declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem?


Answer: Israeli West Bank

Question: What was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War?


Answer: Gaza Strip

Question: Where did Israel withdraw and disband its military forces?


Answer: sovereign territory

Context: The status of East Jerusalem in any future peace settlement has at times been a difficult issue in negotiations between Israeli governments and representatives of the Palestinians, as Israel views it as its sovereign territory, as well as part of its capital. Most negotiations relating to the territories have been on the basis of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, which emphasises "the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war", and calls on Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in return for normalization of relations with Arab states, a principle known as "Land for peace".

Question: Israel views East Jerusalem as what?


Answer: United Nations Security Council Resolution 242

Question: What emphasises the inadmissability of the acquisition of territory by war?


Answer: Land for peace

Question: What is the principle of normalization of relations with Arab states?


Answer: 1950

Context: The West Bank was annexed by Jordan in 1950, following the Arab rejection of the UN decision to create two states in Palestine. Only Britain recognized this annexation and Jordan has since ceded its claim to the territory to the PLO. The West Bank was occupied by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War. The population are mainly Palestinians, including refugees of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. From their occupation in 1967 until 1993, the Palestinians living in these territories were under Israeli military administration. Since the Israel–PLO letters of recognition, most of the Palestinian population and cities have been under the internal jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has on several occasions redeployed its troops and reinstated full military administration during periods of unrest. In response to increasing attacks as part of the Second Intifada, the Israeli government started to construct the Israeli West Bank barrier. When completed, approximately 13% of the Barrier will be constructed on the Green Line or in Israel with 87% inside the West Bank.

Question: When was the West Bank annexed by Jordan?


Answer: Palestinians

Question: What was the majority of the population in the West Bank?


Answer: 13%

Question: What percentage of the barrier will be constructed on the Green Line?


Answer: Egypt

Context: The Gaza Strip was occupied by Egypt from 1948 to 1967 and then by Israel after 1967. In 2005, as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, Israel removed all of its settlers and forces from the territory. Israel does not consider the Gaza Strip to be occupied territory and declared it a "foreign territory". That view has been disputed by numerous international humanitarian organizations and various bodies of the United Nations. Following June 2007, when Hamas assumed power in the Gaza Strip, Israel tightened its control of the Gaza crossings along its border, as well as by sea and air, and prevented persons from entering and exiting the area except for isolated cases it deemed humanitarian. Gaza has a border with Egypt and an agreement between Israel, the European Union and the PA governed how border crossing would take place (it was monitored by European observers). Egypt adhered to this agreement under Mubarak and prevented access to Gaza until April 2011 when it announced it was opening its border with Gaza.

Question: The Gaza Strip was occupied by who from 1948 to 1967?


Answer: Israel

Question: Who occupied the Gaza Strip after 1967?


Answer: June 2007

Question: When did Hamas assume it's power in the Gaza Strip?


Answer: 158

Context: Israel maintains diplomatic relations with 158 countries and has 107 diplomatic missions around the world; countries with whom they have no diplomatic relations include most Muslim countries. Only three members of the Arab League have normalized relations with Israel: Egypt and Jordan signed peace treaties in 1979 and 1994, respectively, and Mauritania opted for full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999. Despite the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, Israel is still widely considered an enemy country among Egyptians. Under Israeli law, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Sudan, and Yemen are enemy countries, and Israeli citizens may not visit them without permission from the Ministry of the Interior. Iran had diplomatic relations with Israel under the Pahlavi dynasty but withdrew its recognition of Israel during the Islamic Revolution. As a result of the 2008–09 Gaza War, Mauritania, Qatar, Bolivia, and Venezuela suspended political and economic ties with Israel.

Question: How many countries does Israel maintain diplomatic relations?


Answer: 107

Question: How many diplomatic missions do they have?


Answer: three

Question: How many Arab League members have relations with Israel?


Answer: United States and the Soviet Union

Context: The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously. The United States regards Israel as its "most reliable partner in the Middle East," based on "common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests". Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process. The United States and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements. The United States has provided $68 billion in military assistance and $32 billion in grants to Israel since 1967, under the Foreign Assistance Act (period beginning 1962), more than any other country for that period until 2003.

Question: Who were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel?


Answer: The United States

Question: Who regards Israel as it's most reliable partner in the Middle East?


Answer: $68 billion

Question: How much did the United States provide in military assistance?


Answer: 25 billion euros

Context: Germany's strong ties with Israel include cooperation on scientific and educational endeavors and the two states remain strong economic and military partners. Under the reparations agreement, by 2007[update] Germany had paid 25 billion euros in reparations to the Israeli state and individual Israeli Holocaust survivors. The UK has kept full diplomatic relations with Israel since its formation having had two visits from heads of state in 2007. The UK is seen as having a "natural" relationship with Israel on account of the British Mandate for Palestine. Relations between the two countries were also made stronger by former prime minister Tony Blair's efforts for a two state resolution. Israel is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer.

Question: How much did Germany pay in reparations to the Israeli state?


Answer: Tony Blair

Question: What prime minister helped relations?


Answer: European Neighbourhood Policy

Question: What aims at bringing EU and its neighbours closer?


Answer: 1991

Context: Although Turkey and Israel did not establish full diplomatic relations until 1991, Turkey has cooperated with the State since its recognition of Israel in 1949. Turkey's ties to the other Muslim-majority nations in the region have at times resulted in pressure from Arab and Muslim states to temper its relationship with Israel. Relations between Turkey and Israel took a downturn after the 2008–09 Gaza War and Israel's raid of the Gaza flotilla. IHH, which organized the flotilla, is a Turkish charity that has been challenged on ties to Hamas and Al-Qaeda. Relations between Israel and Greece have improved since 1995 due to the decline of Israeli-Turkish relations. The two countries have a defense cooperation agreement and in 2010, the Israeli Air Force hosted Greece’s Hellenic Air Force in a joint exercise at the Uvda base. Israel is the second largest importer of Greek products in the Middle East. The joint Cyprus-Israel oil and gas explorations centered on the Leviathan gas field are an important factor for Greece, given its strong links with Cyprus. Cooperation in the world's longest sub-sea electric power cable, the EuroAsia Interconnector, has strengthened relations between Cyprus and Israel.

Question: When did Turkey and Israel establish full diplomatic relations?


Answer: IHH

Question: Who organized the flotilla?


Answer: after the 2008–09 Gaza War

Question: When did Israel and Turkey's relations take a downturn?


Answer: 1992

Context: India established full diplomatic ties with Israel in 1992 and has fostered a strong military, technological and cultural partnership with the country since then. According to an international opinion survey conducted in 2009 on behalf of the Israeli Foreign Ministry, India is the most pro-Israel country in the world. India is the largest customer of Israeli military equipment and Israel is the second-largest military partner of India after the Russian Federation. India is also the third-largest Asian economic partner of Israel and the two countries have military as well as extensive space technology ties. India became the top source market for Israel from Asia in 2010 with 41,000 tourist arrivals in that year. Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel. Azerbaijan supplies Israel with a substantial amount of its oil needs, and Israel has helped modernize the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan. In Africa, Ethiopia is Israel's main and closest ally in the continent due to common political, religious and security interests. Israel provides expertise to Ethiopia on irrigation projects and thousands of Ethiopian Jews (Beta Israel) live in Israel.

Question: When did India establish full diplomatic ties with Israel?


Answer: India

Question: Who's the most pro-Israel country in the world?


Answer: Russian Federation

Question: Israel is the second-largest military trading partner of India after who?


Answer: less than 0.1%

Context: Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing emergency aid and humanitarian response teams to disasters across the world. Israel's humanitarian efforts officially began in 1958, with the establishment of MASHAV, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Agency for International Development Cooperation.

Question: How much does Israel spend on foreign aid?


Answer: 1958

Question: When was MASHAV established?


Answer: emergency aid

Question: Israel has a history of providing what?


Answer: 24

Context: Between 1985 and 2015, Israel sent 24 delegations of IDF search and rescue unit to 22 countries. In Haiti, immediately following the 2010 earthquake, Israel was the first country to set up a field hospital capable of performing surgical operations. Israel sent over 200 medical doctors and personnel to start treating injured Haitians at the scene. At the conclusion of its humanitarian mission 11 days later, the Israeli delegation had treated more than 1,110 patients, conducted 319 successful surgeries, delivered 16 births and rescued or assisted in the rescue of four individuals. Despite radiation concerns, Israel was one of the first countries to send a medical delegation to Japan following the earthquake and tsunami disaster. Israel dispatched a medical team to the tsunami-stricken city of Kurihara in 2011. A medical clinic run by an IDF team of some 50 members featured pediatric, surgical, maternity and gynecological, and otolaryngology wards, together with an optometry department, a laboratory, a pharmacy and an intensive care unit. After treating 200 patients in two weeks, the departing emergency team donated its equipment to the Japanese.

Question: How many delegations of IDF search and rescue units between 1985 and 2015?


Answer: over 200

Question: How many doctors did Israel send to Haiti?


Answer: 200

Question: How many patients did Israeli doctors treat in Japan?


Answer: Israel Defense Forces

Context: The Israel Defense Forces is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Ramatkal, subordinate to the Cabinet. The IDF consist of the army, air force and navy. It was founded during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War by consolidating paramilitary organizations—chiefly the Haganah—that preceded the establishment of the state. The IDF also draws upon the resources of the Military Intelligence Directorate (Aman), which works with Mossad and Shabak. The Israel Defense Forces have been involved in several major wars and border conflicts in its short history, making it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world.

Question: What is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces?


Answer: Ramatkal

Question: Who is the head of the IDF?


Answer: 1948

Question: When was the IDF founded?


Answer: 18

Context: Most Israelis are drafted into the military at the age of 18. Men serve two years and eight months and women two years. Following mandatory service, Israeli men join the reserve forces and usually do up to several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. Most women are exempt from reserve duty. Arab citizens of Israel (except the Druze) and those engaged in full-time religious studies are exempt from military service, although the exemption of yeshiva students has been a source of contention in Israeli society for many years. An alternative for those who receive exemptions on various grounds is Sherut Leumi, or national service, which involves a program of service in hospitals, schools and other social welfare frameworks. As a result of its conscription program, the IDF maintains approximately 176,500 active troops and an additional 445,000 reservists.

Question: What age are most Israelis drafted into the military?


Answer: two years

Question: How long do women serve in the military?


Answer: Arab citizens

Question: What citizens are exempt from military service?


Answer: high-tech weapons systems

Context: The nation's military relies heavily on high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured in Israel as well as some foreign imports. The Arrow missile is one of the world's few operational anti-ballistic missile systems. The Python air-to-air missile series is often considered one of the most crucial weapons in its military history. Israel's Spike missile is one of the most widely exported ATGMs in the world. Israel's Iron Dome anti-missile air defense system gained worldwide acclaim after intercepting hundreds of Qassam, 122 mm Grad and Fajr-5 artillery rockets fire by Palestinian militants from the Gaza Strip. Since the Yom Kippur War, Israel has developed a network of reconnaissance satellites. The success of the Ofeq program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching such satellites.

Question: The military relies on what?


Answer: Python air-to-air missile series

Question: What is one of the most crucial weapons in Israel's military history?


Answer: Ofeq

Question: The success of what program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching satellites?


Answer: nuclear weapons

Context: Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons as well as chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. Israel has not signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity toward its nuclear capabilities. The Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines are believed to be armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles, offering nuclear second strike capability. Since the Gulf War in 1991, when Israel was attacked by Iraqi Scud missiles, all homes in Israel are required to have a reinforced security room, Merkhav Mugan, impermeable to chemical and biological substances.

Question: Israel is widely believed to possess what?


Answer: Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines

Question: What is armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles?


Answer: Merkhav Mugan

Question: All homes in Israel are required to have a room called what?


Answer: Oman and Saudi Arabia

Context: Israel has one of the highest ratios of defense spending to GDP of all developed countries, only topped by Oman and Saudi Arabia. In 1984, for example, the country spent 24% of its GDP on defense. By 2006, that figure had dropped to 7.3%. Israel is one of the world's largest arms exporters, and was ranked fourth in the world for weapons exports in 2007. The majority of Israel's arms exports are unreported for security reasons. Since 1967, the United States has been a particularly notable foreign contributor of military aid to Israel: the US is expected to provide the country with $3.15 billion per year from 2013 to 2018. Israel is consistently rated low in the Global Peace Index, ranking 148th out of 162 nations for peacefulness in 2015.

Question: What two countries have a higher defense spending to GDP ratio than Israel?


Answer: 24%

Question: What percentage of it's GDP was spent on defense in 1984?


Answer: 148th

Question: What was Israel's Global Peace Index rank in 2015?


Answer: Israel

Context: Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. In 2010, it joined the OECD. The country is ranked 3rd in the region and 38th worldwide on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America.

Question: Who is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia?


Answer: 2010

Question: When did Israel join the OECD?


Answer: second

Question: Where does Israel rank in number of startup companies in the world?


Answer: $77.59 billion

Context: Despite limited natural resources, intensive development of the agricultural and industrial sectors over the past decades has made Israel largely self-sufficient in food production, apart from grains and beef. Imports to Israel, totaling $77.59 billion in 2012, include raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods. Leading exports include electronics, software, computerized systems, communications technology, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, fruits, chemicals, military technology, and cut diamonds; in 2012, Israeli exports reached $64.74 billion.

Question: Imports to Israel totaled what in 2012?


Answer: $64.74 billion

Question: Israeli exports reached what in 2012?


Answer: electronics, software, computerized systems

Question: What are the leading exports in Israel?


Answer: solar energy

Context: Israel is a leading country in the development of solar energy. Israel is a global leader in water conservation and geothermal energy, and its development of cutting-edge technologies in software, communications and the life sciences have evoked comparisons with Silicon Valley. According to the OECD, Israel is also ranked 1st in the world in expenditure on Research and Development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP. Intel and Microsoft built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel, and other high-tech multi-national corporations, such as IBM, Google, Apple, HP, Cisco Systems, and Motorola, have opened R&D facilities in the country.

Question: Israel is a leading country of what development?


Answer: expenditure on Research and Development

Question: Israel is ranked 1st in the world in what?


Answer: Intel and Microsoft

Question: What companies built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel?


Answer: Warren Buffett

Context: In July 2007, American business magnate and investor Warren Buffett's holding company Berkshire Hathaway bought an Israeli company, Iscar, its first non-U.S. acquisition, for $4 billion. Since the 1970s, Israel has received military aid from the United States, as well as economic assistance in the form of loan guarantees, which now account for roughly half of Israel's external debt. Israel has one of the lowest external debts in the developed world, and is a net lender in terms of net external debt (the total value of assets vs. liabilities in debt instruments owed abroad), which in December 2015[update] stood at a surplus of US$118 billion.

Question: What investor bought Iscar?


Answer: 1970s

Question: When did United States begin to provide foreign aid to Israel?


Answer: US$118 billion

Question: What was Israel's debt surplus in December 2015?


Answer: Sunday through Thursday

Context: Days of working time in Israel are Sunday through Thursday (for a five-day workweek), or Friday (for a six-day workweek). In observance of Shabbat, in places where Friday is a work day and the majority of population is Jewish, Friday is a "short day", usually lasting till 14:00 in the winter, or 16:00 in the summer. Several proposals have been raised to adjust the work week with the majority of the world, and make Sunday a non-working day, while extending working time of other days or replacing Friday with Sunday as a work day.

Question: What are the days of working in Israel?


Answer: short day

Question: Friday is considered what?


Answer: make Sunday a non-working day

Question: Several proposals have been raised to do what?


Answer: 100

Context: Israeli universities are among 100 top world universities in mathematics (Hebrew University, TAU and Technion), physics (TAU, Hebrew University and Weizmann Institute of Science), chemistry (Technion and Weizmann Institute of Science), computer science (Weizmann Institute of Science, Technion, Hebrew University, TAU and BIU) and economics (Hebrew University and TAU). Israel has produced six Nobel Prize-winning scientists since 2002 and has been frequently ranked as one of the countries with the highest ratios of scientific papers per capita in the world. Israel has led the world in stem-cell research papers per capita since 2000.

Question: Israeli universities rank where in mathematics?


Answer: six

Question: How many Nobel Prize-winning scientists has Israel produced?


Answer: stem-cell research

Question: Israel leads the world in what research papers per capita?


Answer: $2 billion a year

Context: Israel is one of the world's technological leaders in water technology. In 2011, its water technology industry was worth around $2 billion a year with annual exports of products and services in the tens of millions of dollars. The ongoing shortage of water in the country has spurred innovation in water conservation techniques, and a substantial agricultural modernization, drip irrigation, was invented in Israel. Israel is also at the technological forefront of desalination and water recycling. The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant, the largest in the world, was voted 'Desalination Plant of the Year' in the Global Water Awards in 2006. Israel hosts an annual Water Technology Exhibition and Conference (WaTec) that attracts thousands of people from across the world. By 2014, Israel's desalination programs provided roughly 35% of Israel's drinking water and it is expected to supply 40% by 2015 and 70% by 2050. As of May 29, 2015 more than 50 percent of the water for Israeli households, agriculture and industry is artificially produced. As a result of innovations in reverse osmosis technology, Israel is set to become a net exporter of water in the coming years.

Question: How much is Israel's water technology industry worth?


Answer: The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis

Question: What's the largest desalination plant in the world?


Answer: 35%

Question: How much drinking water is produced by Israel's desalination programs?


Answer: Over 90%

Context: Israel has embraced solar energy; its engineers are on the cutting edge of solar energy technology and its solar companies work on projects around the world. Over 90% of Israeli homes use solar energy for hot water, the highest per capita in the world. According to government figures, the country saves 8% of its electricity consumption per year because of its solar energy use in heating. The high annual incident solar irradiance at its geographic latitude creates ideal conditions for what is an internationally renowned solar research and development industry in the Negev Desert. Israel had a modern electric car infrastructure involving a countrywide network of recharging stations to facilitate the charging and exchange of car batteries. It was thought that this would have lowered Israel's oil dependency and lowered the fuel costs of hundreds of Israel's motorists that use cars powered only by electric batteries. The Israeli model was being studied by several countries and being implemented in Denmark and Australia. However, Israel's trailblazing electric car company Better Place shut down in 2013.

Question: How many homes in Israel use solar energy for hot water?


Answer: 8%

Question: How much electricity does the country save per year?


Answer: 2013

Question: When did Better Place shut down?


Answer: Israeli Space Agency

Context: The Israeli Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. In 2012 Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. Israel is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The Shavit is a space launch vehicle produced by Israel to launch small satellites into low earth orbit. It was first launched in 1988, making Israel the eighth nation to have a space launch capability. Shavit rockets are launched from the spaceport at the Palmachim Airbase by the Israeli Space Agency. Since 1988 Israel Aerospace Industries have indigenously designed and built at least 13 commercial, research and spy satellites. Some of Israel's satellites are ranked among the world's most advanced space systems. In 2003, Ilan Ramon became Israel's first astronaut, serving as payload specialist of STS-107, the fatal mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia.

Question: What coordinates with all Israeli space research programs?


Answer: ninth in the world

Question: Futron's Space Competitiveness Index ranked Israel what in 2012?


Answer: 1988

Question: When did Israel launch it's first satellite?


Answer: 18,096

Context: Israel has 18,096 kilometers (11,244 mi) of paved roads, and 2.4 million motor vehicles. The number of motor vehicles per 1,000 persons was 324, relatively low with respect to developed countries. Israel has 5,715 buses on scheduled routes, operated by several carriers, the largest of which is Egged, serving most of the country. Railways stretch across 949 kilometers (590 mi) and are operated solely by government-owned Israel Railways (All figures are for 2008). Following major investments beginning in the early to mid-1990s, the number of train passengers per year has grown from 2.5 million in 1990, to 35 million in 2008; railways are also used to transport 6.8 million tons of cargo, per year.

Question: How many kilometers of paved roads does Israel have?


Answer: 5,715

Question: How many buses have scheduled routes in Israel?


Answer: 6.8 million tons

Question: How much cargo do railways transport per year?


Answer: Ben Gurion International Airport

Context: Israel is served by two international airports, Ben Gurion International Airport, the country's main hub for international air travel near Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ovda Airport in the south, as well as several small domestic airports. Ben Gurion, Israel's largest airport, handled over 12.1 million passengers in 2010. On the Mediterranean coast, Haifa Port is the country's oldest and largest port, while Ashdod Port is one of the few deep water ports in the world built on the open sea. In addition to these, the smaller Port of Eilat is situated on the Red Sea, and is used mainly for trading with Far East countries.

Question: What is the country's main hub for international air travel?


Answer: Haifa Port

Question: What is the country's oldest and largest port?


Answer: two

Question: How many international airports are in Israel?


Answer: Tourism

Context: Tourism, especially religious tourism, is an important industry in Israel, with the country's temperate climate, beaches, archaeological, other historical and biblical sites, and unique geography also drawing tourists. Israel's security problems have taken their toll on the industry, but the number of incoming tourists is on the rebound. In 2013, a record of 3.54 million tourists visited Israel with the most popular site of attraction being the Western Wall with 68% of tourists visiting there. Israel has the highest number of museums per capita in the world.

Question: What is an important industry in Israel?


Answer: 3.54 million

Question: How many tourists visited Israel in 2013?


Answer: Western Wall

Question: What is the most popular tourist attraction in Israel?


Answer: diversity of its population

Context: Israel's diverse culture stems from the diversity of its population: Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought their cultural and religious traditions back with them, creating a melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs. Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the Hebrew calendar. Work and school holidays are determined by the Jewish holidays, and the official day of rest is Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. Israel's substantial Arab minority has also left its imprint on Israeli culture in such spheres as architecture, music, and cuisine.

Question: Where does Israel's diverse culture stem from?


Answer: Hebrew calendar

Question: Life revolves around what in Israel?


Answer: Jewish holidays

Question: Work and school holidays are determined by what?


Answer: Hebrew

Context: Israeli literature is primarily poetry and prose written in Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language since the mid-19th century, although a small body of literature is published in other languages, such as English. By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited in the National Library of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2001, the law was amended to include audio and video recordings, and other non-print media. In 2013, 91 percent of the 7,863 books transferred to the library were in Hebrew. The Hebrew Book Week is held each June and features book fairs, public readings, and appearances by Israeli authors around the country. During the week, Israel's top literary award, the Sapir Prize, is presented.[citation needed]

Question: Israeli literature is primarily written in what?


Answer: June

Question: When is the Hebrew Book Week held?


Answer: the Sapir Prize

Question: What is Israel's top literary reward?


Answer: Nelly Sachs

Context: In 1966, Shmuel Yosef Agnon shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with German Jewish author Nelly Sachs. Leading Israeli poets have been Yehuda Amichai, Nathan Alterman and Rachel Bluwstein. Internationally famous contemporary Israeli novelists include Amos Oz, Etgar Keret and David Grossman. The Israeli-Arab satirist Sayed Kashua (who writes in Hebrew) is also internationally known.[citation needed] Israel has also been the home of two leading Palestinian poets and writers: Emile Habibi, whose novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist, and other writings, won him the Israel prize for Arabic literature; and Mahmoud Darwish, considered by many to be "the Palestinian national poet." Darwish was born and raised in northern Israel, but lived his adult life abroad after joining the Palestine Liberation Organization.[citation needed]

Question: Shmuel Yosef Agnon shared the Nobel Prize with who in 1966?


Answer: Sayed Kashua

Question: What Israel-Arab satirist is internationally known?


Answer: Emile Habibi

Question: Who wrote the novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist?


Answer: Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

Context: Israeli music contains musical influences from all over the world; Sephardic music, Hasidic melodies, Belly dancing music, Greek music, jazz, and pop rock are all part of the music scene. Among Israel's world-renowned orchestras is the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, which has been in operation for over seventy years and today performs more than two hundred concerts each year. Israel has also produced many musicians of note, some achieving international stardom. Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman and Ofra Haza are among the internationally acclaimed musicians born in Israel.[citation needed] Israel has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest nearly every year since 1973, winning the competition three times and hosting it twice. Eilat has hosted its own international music festival, the Red Sea Jazz Festival, every summer since 1987.

Question: What Israeli orchestra has been in operation for more than seventy years?


Answer: Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman and Ofra Haza

Question: What three internationally acclaimed musicians were born in Israel?


Answer: Eilat

Question: Who hosts its own international music festival every summer?


Answer: Songs of the Land of Israel

Context: The nation's canonical folk songs, known as "Songs of the Land of Israel," deal with the experiences of the pioneers in building the Jewish homeland. The Hora circle dance introduced by early Jewish settlers was originally popular in the Kibbutzim and outlying communities. It became a symbol of the Zionist reconstruction and of the ability to experience joy amidst austerity. It now plays a significant role in modern Israeli folk dancing and is regularly performed at weddings and other celebrations, and in group dances throughout Israel.[citation needed] Modern dance in Israel is a flourishing field, and several Israeli choreographers such as Ohad Naharin, Rami Beer, Barak Marshall and many others, are considered[by whom?] to be among the most versatile and original international creators working today. Famous Israeli companies include the Batsheva Dance Company and the Kibbutz Contemporary Dance Company.[citation needed]

Question: What the nation's canonical folk songs known as?


Answer: Hora circle dance

Question: What became a symbol of the Zionist reconstruction?


Answer: Modern dance

Question: What's a flourishing field in Israel?


Answer: Taiseer Elias

Context: Israel is home to many Palestinian musicians, including internationally acclaimed oud and violin virtuoso Taiseer Elias, singer Amal Murkus, and brothers Samir and Wissam Joubran. Israeli Arab musicians have achieved fame beyond Israel's borders: Elias and Murkus frequently play to audiences in Europe and America, and oud player Darwish Darwish (Prof. Elias's student) was awarded first prize in the all-Arab oud contest in Egypt in 2003. The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance has an advanced degree program, headed by Taiseer Elias, in Arabic music.[citation needed]

Question: What internationally acclaimed violin virtuoso is from Israel?


Answer: Darwish Darwish

Question: Who was awarded first prize in the all-Arab oud contest in Egypt in 2003?


Answer: Taiseer Elias

Question: Who is the head of the advanced degree program in Arabic music?


Answer: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem

Context: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls, along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art. Israel's national Holocaust museum, Yad Vashem, is the world central archive of Holocaust-related information. Beth Hatefutsoth (the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of Tel Aviv University, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world. Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and kibbutzim. Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country.

Question: What is one of Israel's most important culturural institutions?


Answer: Beth Hatefutsoth

Question: What is an interactive museum on the campus of Tel Aviv University?


Answer: Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad

Question: What is the largest art museum in the north of the country?


Answer: 1948

Context: Israeli cuisine includes local dishes as well as dishes brought to the country by Jewish immigrants from the diaspora. Since the establishment of the State in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli fusion cuisine has developed. Roughly half of the Israeli-Jewish population attests to keeping kosher at home. Kosher restaurants, though rare in the 1960s, make up around 25% of the total as of 2015[update], perhaps reflecting the largely secular values of those who dine out. Hotel restaurants are much more likely to serve kosher food. The non-kosher retail market was traditionally sparse, but grew rapidly and considerably following the influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe and Russia during the 1990s. Together with non-kosher fish, rabbits and ostriches, pork—often called "white meat" in Israel—is produced and consumed, though it is forbidden by both Judaism and Islam.

Question: When was Israeli fusion cuisine first developed?


Answer: 25%

Question: Kosher restaurants make up what percent of total restaurants?


Answer: white meat

Question: What is pork often called in Israel?


Answer: Mizrahi, Sephardic, and Ashkenazi

Context: Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic, and Ashkenazi styles of cooking, along with Moroccan Jewish, Iraqi Jewish, Ethiopian Jewish, Indian Jewish, Iranian Jewish and Yemeni Jewish influences. It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in the Arab, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, such as falafel, hummus, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar, which have become common ingredients in Israeli cuisine. Schnitzel, pizza, hamburgers, French fries, rice and salad are also very common in Israel.[citation needed]

Question: What styles of cooking has Israeli cuisine adopted?


Answer: falafel, hummus, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar

Question: What common ingredients are in Israeli cuisine?


Answer: Israel

Question: Schnitzel, pizza, hamburgers, French fries, rice and salad are also very common where?


Answer: association football and basketball

Context: The most popular spectator sports in Israel are association football and basketball. The Israeli Premier League is the country's premier football league, and the Israeli Basketball Super League is the premier basketball league. Maccabi Haifa, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Beitar Jerusalem are the largest sports clubs. Maccabi Tel Aviv, Maccabi Haifa and Hapoel Tel Aviv have competed in the UEFA Champions League and Hapoel Tel Aviv reached the UEFA Cup quarter-finals. Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C. has won the European championship in basketball six times.

Question: What are the most popular spectator sports in Israel?


Answer: Israeli Premier League

Question: What is the country's premier football league?


Answer: Israeli Basketball Super League

Question: What is the premier basketball league?


Answer: 1964

Context: In 1964 Israel hosted and won the Asian Nations Cup; in 1970 the Israel national football team managed to qualify to the FIFA World Cup, which is still considered[by whom?] the biggest achievement of Israeli football.[citation needed] The 1974 Asian Games held in Tehran, were the last Asian Games in which Israel participated, and was plagued by the Arab countries which refused to compete with Israel, and Israel since ceased competing in Asian competitions. Israel was excluded from the 1978 Asian Games due to security and expense involved if they were to participate. In 1994, UEFA agreed to admit Israel and all Israeli sporting organizations now compete in Europe.[citation needed]

Question: When did Israel host and win the Asian Nations Cup?


Answer: 1970

Question: When did the Israel national football team qualify to the FIFA World Cup?


Answer: 1974 Asian Games

Question: What were the last Asian Games that Israel participated in?


Answer: Chess

Context: Chess is a leading sport in Israel and is enjoyed by people of all ages. There are many Israeli grandmasters and Israeli chess players have won a number of youth world championships. Israel stages an annual international championship and hosted the World Team Chess Championship in 2005. The Ministry of Education and the World Chess Federation agreed upon a project of teaching chess within Israeli schools, and it has been introduced into the curriculum of some schools. The city of Beersheba has become a national chess center, with the game being taught in the city's kindergartens. Owing partly to Soviet immigration, it is home to the largest number of chess grandmasters of any city in the world. The Israeli chess team won the silver medal at the 2008 Chess Olympiad and the bronze, coming in third among 148 teams, at the 2010 Olympiad. Israeli grandmaster Boris Gelfand won the Chess World Cup in 2009 and the 2011 Candidates Tournament for the right to challenge the world champion. He only lost the World Chess Championship 2012 to reigning world champion Anand after a speed-chess tie breaker.[citation needed]

Question: What's a leading sport in Israel?


Answer: Beersheba

Question: What city has become a national chess center?


Answer: Boris Gelfand

Question: Who won the Chess Cup in 2009?


Answer: Greek Science

Context: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.

Question: What mathematician advance Greek Science?


Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What period saw the rise of New Comedy?


Answer: 31 BC

Question: When was the Battle of Actium?


Answer: 323 BC

Question: When did Alexander the Great die?


Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What period saw the rise of the Septuagint?


Answer: yptian Se

Question: dd


Answer: Buddh

Question: dd


Answer: m and E

Question: dd


Answer: Buddhism

Question: dd


Answer: the Gre

Question: d


Answer: Alexander the Great

Question: What ruler's death in 323 BC marks the beginning of the Hellenistic period?


Answer: 31 BC

Question: In what year did the Battle of Actium take place?


Answer: Ptolemaic Egypt

Question: What kingdom did the Romans take over the year after the Battle of Actium?


Answer: Alexandrian poetry

Question: What type of poetry debuted in the Hellenistic period?


Answer: Buddhism

Question: What ancient religion did Greece embrace during the Hellenistic period?


Answer: Battle of Actium

Question: What signified the emergence of the Roman Empire?


Answer: death of Alexander the Great

Question: What event is the recognized beginning of the Hellenistic Period?


Answer: the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes

Question: Who advanced Greek Science?


Answer: Koine Greek

Context: After Alexander the Great's ventures in the Persian Empire, Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms through Greco-Macedonian colonization, spanning as far as modern-day Pakistan. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of the Near East, Middle East, and Southwest Asia, and a departure from earlier Greek attitudes towards "barbarian" cultures. The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization (as distinguished from that occurring in the 8th–6th centuries BC) which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Those new cities were composed of Greek colonists who came from different parts of the Greek world, and not, as before, from a specific "mother city". The main cultural centers expanded from mainland Greece to Pergamon, Rhodes, and new Greek colonies such as Seleucia, Antioch, Alexandria and Ai-Khanoum. This mixture of Greek-speakers gave birth to a common Attic-based dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world.

Question: What is a common Attic-based dialect?


Answer: north-east Africa

Question: Where is the Ptolemaic Kingdom?


Answer: South Asia

Question: Where is the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom?


Answer: South Asia

Question: Where is the Indo-Greek Kingdom?


Answer: south-west Asia

Question: Where is the Kingdom of Pergamon?


Answer: north-east Africa

Question: Where was the Ptolemaic Kingdom located?


Answer: Persian Empire

Question: Alexander the Great was the emperor of what?


Answer: Asia and Africa

Question: The Hellenistic Period expanded the Greek Empire into what 2 continents?


Answer: Koine Greek

Question: What was the new, Attic-based dialect called?


Answer: 31 BC

Context: Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.

Question: When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?


Answer: Constantine the Great

Question: Who was the Roman emporer?


Answer: Constantinople

Question: Where did the Roman Empire move to in 330 AD?


Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What term defines the influence of Greek culture?


Answer: 330 AD

Question: When did the capital of the Roman Empire move to Constantinople?


Answer: Hellenic

Question: Which era refers primarily to just Greece?


Answer: Constantine

Question: Who moved the Roman Empire capital in 330 AD?


Answer: Achean War

Question: Rome's final conquest of Greek lands followed which war?


Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What is the period called that comprises all Greek influence?


Answer: J. G. Droysen

Context: "Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.

Question: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?


Answer: History of Hellenism

Question: What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?


Answer: Matthew Arnold

Question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?


Answer: 19th

Question: What century did Hellenistic become a concept?


Answer: Hellenism

Question: In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?


Answer: 19th-century

Question: The word "Hellenistic" was derived in what time period?


Answer: J. G. Droysen

Question: Who coined the term "Hellenistic?"


Answer: Geschichte des Hellenismus

Question: What was Droysen's work called that explained the era?


Answer: Matthew Arnold

Question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?


Answer: Hebraism

Question: Hellenism contrasts with what other similar concept of era?


Answer: Some

Context: The major issue with the term Hellenistic lies in its convenience, as the spread of Greek culture was not the generalized phenomenon that the term implies. Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others. The term Hellenistic also implies that the Greek populations were of majority in the areas in which they settled, while in many cases, the Greek settlers were actually the minority among the native populations. The Greek population and the native population did not always mix; the Greeks moved and brought their own culture, but interaction did not always occur.

Question: How much of the conquered world was affected by Greek influences?


Answer: not always

Question: How often did Greek population and natives mix?


Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What term implies that Greek populations were a majority in the regions they settled?


Answer: moved

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit.


Answer: Polybius

Context: While a few fragments exist, there is no surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of Samos and Phylarchus which were used by surviving sources are all lost. The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200-118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BCE when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage. His Histories eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BCE.

Question: What is the earliest, most credible source of the Hellenistic period?


Answer: Megalopolis

Question: Where was Polybius from?


Answer: Rome

Question: Where was Polybius forced to go as hostage?


Answer: 220 to 167 BCE

Question: What years do Polybius books cover?


Answer: Achaean

Question: What League was Polybius a statesman?


Answer: 60 and 30 BCE

Context: The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.

Question: When did Diodorus Siculus write Bibliotheca historica?


Answer: battle of Ipsus

Question: What battle marks the end of Diodorus Siculus' work?


Answer: Plutarch

Question: Who wrote Parallel Lives?


Answer: Alexandria

Question: Where was Apprian from?


Answer: Plutarch

Question: Which writer outlined the history of important Hellenistic figures?


Answer: 431–404 BC

Context: Ancient Greece had traditionally been a fractious collection of fiercely independent city-states. After the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Greece had fallen under a Spartan hegemony, in which Sparta was pre-eminent but not all-powerful. Spartan hegemony was succeeded by a Theban one after the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), but after the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), all of Greece was so weakened that no one state could claim pre-eminence. It was against this backdrop, that the ascendancy of Macedon began, under king Philip II. Macedon was located at the periphery of the Greek world, and although its royal family claimed Greek descent, the Macedonians themselves were looked down upon as semi-barbaric by the rest of the Greeks. However, Macedon had a relatively strong and centralised government, and compared to most Greek states, directly controlled a large area.

Question: When was the Peloponnesian War?


Answer: Theban

Question: What hegemoney replaced Sparta after the Battle of Leuctra?


Answer: 371 BC

Question: When was the Battle of Leuctra?


Answer: 362 BC

Question: When was the Battle of Mantinea?


Answer: Philip II

Question: Which king lend the rise of Macedon?


Answer: 352 BC

Context: Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the League of Corinth, effectively bringing the majority of Greece under his direct sway. He was elected Hegemon of the league, and a campaign against the Achaemenid Empire of Persia was planned. However, while this campaign was in its early stages, he was assassinated.

Question: When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia?


Answer: Philip II

Question: Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia?


Answer: 338 BC

Question: When was the Battle of Chaeronea?


Answer: Philip

Question: Who formed the League of Corinth?


Answer: Achaemenid Empire of Persia

Question: Who was Philip II planning a campaign against when he was assasinated?


Answer: Alexander

Context: Meleager and the infantry supported the candidacy of Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus, while Perdiccas, the leading cavalry commander, supported waiting until the birth of Alexander's unborn child by Roxana. After the infantry stormed the palace of Babylon, a compromise was arranged – Arrhidaeus (as Philip III) should become king, and should rule jointly with Roxana's child, assuming that it was a boy (as it was, becoming Alexander IV). Perdiccas himself would become regent (epimeletes) of the empire, and Meleager his lieutenant. Soon, however, Perdiccas had Meleager and the other infantry leaders murdered, and assumed full control. The generals who had supported Perdiccas were rewarded in the partition of Babylon by becoming satraps of the various parts of the empire, but Perdiccas' position was shaky, because, as Arrian writes, "everyone was suspicious of him, and he of them".

Question: Who was Philip Arrhidaues' half brother?


Answer: Perdiccas

Question: Who was the leading calvary commander?


Answer: Perdiccas

Question: Who order the death of Meleager?


Answer: Babylon

Question: What city was partitioned to the generals who supported Perdiccas?


Answer: Arrian

Question: Who documented that Perdiccas' was under suspicion?


Answer: Cleopatra

Context: The first of the Diadochi wars broke out when Perdiccas planned to marry Alexander's sister Cleopatra and began to question Antigonus I Monophthalmus' leadership in Asia Minor. Antigonus fled for Greece, and then, together with Antipater and Craterus (the satrap of Cilicia who had been in Greece fighting the Lamian war) invaded Anatolia. The rebels were supported by Lysimachus, the satrap of Thrace and Ptolemy, the satrap of Egypt. Although Eumenes, satrap of Cappadocia, defeated the rebels in Asia Minor, Perdiccas himself was murdered by his own generals Peithon, Seleucus, and Antigenes (possibly with Ptolemy's aid) during his invasion of Egypt (c. 21 May to 19 June, 320). Ptolemy came to terms with Perdiccas's murderers, making Peithon and Arrhidaeus regents in his place, but soon these came to a new agreement with Antipater at the Treaty of Triparadisus. Antipater was made regent of the Empire, and the two kings were moved to Macedon. Antigonus remained in charge of Asia minor, Ptolemy retained Egypt, Lysimachus retained Thrace and Seleucus I controlled Babylon.

Question: Who did Diadochi plan to marry?


Answer: Cleopatra

Question: Who was Alexander's sister?


Answer: Antigonus I Monophthalmus

Question: Who was the leader in Asia Minor?


Answer: Anatolia

Question: Along with Antipater and Craterus, Antigonus I Monophthalmus invaded which region?


Answer: Perdiccas

Question: Peithon, Seleucus, and Antigenes murdered whom?


Answer: 319 BC

Context: The second Diadochi war began following the death of Antipater in 319 BC. Passing over his own son, Cassander, Antipater had declared Polyperchon his successor as Regent. Cassander rose in revolt against Polyperchon (who was joined by Eumenes) and was supported by Antigonus, Lysimachus and Ptolemy. In 317, Cassander invaded Macedonia, attaining control of Macedon, sentencing Olympias to death and capturing the boy king Alexander IV, and his mother. In Asia, Eumenes was betrayed by his own men after years of campaign and was given up to Antigonus who had him executed.

Question: When did Antipater die?


Answer: Polyperchon

Question: Who did Antipater declar as his successor?


Answer: 317

Question: When did Cassander invade Macedonia?


Answer: Antigonus

Question: Who ordered Eumenes' execution?


Answer: Cassander

Question: Who sentenced Olympias to death?


Answer: 25,000

Context: The third war of the Diadochi broke out because of the growing power and ambition of Antigonus. He began removing and appointing satraps as if he were king and also raided the royal treasuries in Ectabana, Persepolis and Susa, making off with 25,000 talents. Seleucus was forced to flee to Egypt and Antigonus was soon at war with Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Cassander. He then invaded Phoenicia, laid siege to Tyre, stormed Gaza and began building a fleet. Ptolemy invaded Syria and defeated Antigonus' son, Demetrius Poliorcetes, in the Battle of Gaza of 312 BC which allowed Seleucus to secure control of Babylonia, and the eastern satrapies. In 310, Cassander had young King Alexander IV and his mother Roxane murdered, ending the Argead Dynasty which had ruled Macedon for several centuries.

Question: How many talents did Diadochi steal from Ectabana, Persepolis and Susa?


Answer: Ptolemy

Question: Who defeated Demetrius Poliorcetes?


Answer: 312 BC

Question: When was the Battle of Gaza?


Answer: Cassander

Question: Who ordered the death of King Alexander IV?


Answer: 310

Question: What year did the Argead Dynasty end?


Answer: Demetrius

Context: Antigonus then sent his son Demetrius to regain control of Greece. In 307 he took Athens, expelling Demetrius of Phaleron, Cassander's governor, and proclaiming the city free again. Demetrius now turned his attention to Ptolemy, defeating his fleet at the Battle of Salamis and taking control of Cyprus. In the aftermath of this victory, Antigonus took the title of king (basileus) and bestowed it on his son Demetrius Poliorcetes, the rest of the Diadochi soon followed suit. Demetrius continued his campaigns by laying siege to Rhodes and conquering most of Greece in 302, creating a league against Cassander's Macedon.

Question: Which son did Antigonus send to regain control of Greece?


Answer: 307

Question: When did Demetrius take control of Athens?


Answer: Antigonus

Question: Who bestowed the title of king to Demetrius Poliorcetes?


Answer: Battle of Salamis

Question: What battle did Demetrius Poliorcetes defeat the fleet of Ptolemy?


Answer: Cyprus

Question: What region was fought over in the Battle of Salamis?


Answer: Seleucus

Context: The decisive engagement of the war came when Lysimachus invaded and overran much of western Anatolia, but was soon isolated by Antigonus and Demetrius near Ipsus in Phrygia. Seleucus arrived in time to save Lysimachus and utterly crushed Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE. Seleucus' war elephants proved decisive, Antigonus was killed, and Demetrius fled back to Greece to attempt to preserve the remnants of his rule there by recapturing a rebellious Athens. Meanwhile, Lysimachus took over Ionia, Seleucus took Cilicia, and Ptolemy captured Cyprus.

Question: Who saved Lysimachus in Phrygia?


Answer: Antigonus

Question: Who lost in the Battle of Ipsus?


Answer: 301 BCE

Question: When was the Battle of Ipsus?


Answer: Cilicia

Question: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?


Answer: Cyprus

Question: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Ptolemy take over?


Answer: 298 BCE

Context: After Cassander's death in 298 BCE, however, Demetrius, who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet, invaded Macedon, seized the Macedonian throne (294) and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece (293-291). He was defeated in 288 BC when Lysimachus of Thrace and Pyrrhus of Epirus invaded Macedon on two fronts, and quickly carved up the kingdom for themselves. Demetrius fled to central Greece with his mercenaries and began to build support there and in the northern Peloponnese. He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him, but then struck a treaty with the Athenians and Ptolemy, which allowed him to cross over to Asia minor and wage war on Lysimachus' holdings in Ionia, leaving his son Antigonus Gonatas in Greece. After initial successes, he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity. Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis. Seleucus then attempted to conquer Lysimachus' European territories in Thrace and Macedon, but he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus ("the thunderbolt"), who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon. Ptolemy was killed when Macedon was invaded by Gauls in 279, his head stuck on a spear and the country fell into anarchy. Antigonus II Gonatas invaded Thrace in the summer of 277 and defeated a large force of 18,000 Gauls. He was quickly hailed as king of Macedon and went on to rule for 35 years.

Question: When did Cassander die?


Answer: 294

Question: When did Demetrius seize the Macedonian throne?


Answer: Seleucus

Question: Who captured Demetrius?


Answer: 281 BCE

Question: What year was Seleucus killed?


Answer: Battle of Corupedium

Question: At what battle was Seleucus killed ?


Answer: Alexandria

Context: During the Hellenistic period the importance of Greece proper within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively. The conquests of Alexander greatly widened the horizons of the Greek world, making the endless conflicts between the cities which had marked the 5th and 4th centuries BC seem petty and unimportant. It led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as modern Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Question: What was the capital of the Ptolemaic Egypt?


Answer: Antioch

Question: What was the capital of Seleucid Syria?


Answer: Hellenistic

Question: Alexander and Antioch were centers of what culture?


Answer: Alexander

Question: What leaders conquests widened the horizons of the Greek world?


Answer: young and ambitious

Question: What particular demographic emigrated to the new Greek empires?


Answer: 323-322

Context: Independent city states were unable to compete with Hellenistic kingdoms and were usually forced to ally themselves to one of them for defense, giving honors to Hellenistic rulers in return for protection. One example is Athens, which had been decisively defeated by Antipater in the Lamian war (323-322) and had its port in the Piraeus garrisoned by Macedonian troops who supported a conservative oligarchy. After Demetrius Poliorcetes captured Athens in 307 and restored the democracy, the Athenians honored him and his father Antigonus by placing gold statues of them on the agora and granting them the title of king. Athens later allied itself to Ptolemaic Egypt to throw off Macedonian rule, eventually setting up a religious cult for the Ptolemaic kings and naming one of the city phyles in honor of Ptolemy for his aid against Macedon. In spite of the Ptolemaic monies and fleets backing their endeavors, Athens and Sparta were defeated by Antigonus II during the Chremonidean War (267-61). Athens was then occupied by Macedonian troops, and run by Macedonian officials.

Question: When was the Lamian war?


Answer: 307

Question: When did Demetrius Poliorcetes capture Athens?


Answer: Antigonus

Question: Who was Demetrius Poliorcetes' father?


Answer: Ptolemaic Egypt

Question: Athens allied with what region to eliminate Macedonian rule?


Answer: 267-61

Question: When was the Chremonidean War?


Answer: 235–222 BCE

Context: Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to provide military service and restore Spartan power. Sparta's bid for supremacy was crushed at the Battle of Sellasia (222) by the Achaean league and Macedon, who restored the power of the ephors.

Question: What years did Cleomenes III rule?


Answer: Battle of Sellasia

Question: In 222 BCE, Sparta lost what Battle?


Answer: Sparta

Question: Who was defeated at the Battle of Sellasia?


Answer: independent

Question: What was Sparta's afilliation in the Peloponnese?


Answer: refor

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit.


Answer: 370 BCE

Context: Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League (est. 370 BCE), the Achaean League (est. 280 BCE), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades. These federations involved a central government which controlled foreign policy and military affairs, while leaving most of the local governing to the city states, a system termed sympoliteia. In states such as the Achaean league, this also involved the admission of other ethnic groups into the federation with equal rights, in this case, non-Achaeans. The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.

Question: When was the Aetolian League formed?


Answer: 280 BCE

Question: When was the Achaean League formed?


Answer: Northern League

Question: Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium formed what league?


Answer: sympoliteia

Question: What system delegates military and foreign affairs to the central government and local affairs to the city states?


Answer: Achean

Question: What league freed Corinth?


Answer: Colossus of Rhodes

Context: One of the few city states who managed to maintain full independence from the control of any Hellenistic kingdom was Rhodes. With a skilled navy to protect its trade fleets from pirates and an ideal strategic position covering the routes from the east into the Aegean, Rhodes prospered during the Hellenistic period. It became a center of culture and commerce, its coins were widely circulated and its philosophical schools became one of the best in the mediterranean. After holding out for one year under siege by Demetrius Poliorcetes (304-305 BCE), the Rhodians built the Colossus of Rhodes to commemorate their victory. They retained their independence by the maintenance of a powerful navy, by maintaining a carefully neutral posture and acting to preserve the balance of power between the major Hellenistic kingdoms.

Question: What did Rhodians build to commemorate their victory over Demetrius Poliorcetes?


Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What period did Rhodes prosper?


Answer: navy

Question: What military force helped Rhodes maintain their independence?


Answer: 304-305 BCE

Question: What years were Rhodes under attack by Demetrius Poliorcetes?


Answer: tes (3

Question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit.


Answer: Chremonidean War

Context: Antigonus II, a student of Zeno of Citium, spent most of his rule defending Macedon against Epirus and cementing Macedonian power in Greece, first against the Athenians in the Chremonidean War, and then against the Achaean League of Aratus of Sicyon. Under the Antigonids, Macedonia was often short on funds, the Pangaeum mines were no longer as productive as under Philip II, the wealth from Alexander's campaigns had been used up and the countryside pillaged by the Gallic invasion. A large number of the Macedonian population had also been resettled abroad by Alexander or had chosen to emigrate to the new eastern Greek cities. Up to two thirds of the population emigrated, and the Macedonian army could only count on a levy of 25,000 men, a significantly smaller force than under Philip II.

Question: What war did Antigonus II fight Athenians?


Answer: Pangaeum

Question: What mines decreased in production under the Antigonids?


Answer: 25,000 men

Question: How large was the Macedonian army under the Antigonids?


Answer: Zeno of Citium

Question: Who taught Antigonus II?


Answer: Epirus

Question: Who did Antigonus II defend against?


Answer: 221 BC

Context: Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the "cloud rising in the west": the ever-increasing power of Rome. He was known as "the darling of Hellas". Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought the latest war between Macedon and the Greek leagues (the social war 220-217) to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum.

Question: When did Doson die?


Answer: Philip V

Question: Who took control when Doson died?


Answer: Philip V

Question: Which ruler had the last, best chance of uniting Greece?


Answer: the darling of Hellas

Question: What was Philip V known as?


Answer: 217 BC

Question: When was the Peace of Naupactus?


Answer: 215 BC

Context: In 215 BC Philip, with his eye on Illyria, formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Hannibal of Carthage, which led to Roman alliances with the Achaean League, Rhodes and Pergamum. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC. Philip continued to wage war against Pergamon and Rhodes for control of the Aegean (204-200 BCE) and ignored Roman demands for non-intervention in Greece by invading Attica. In 198 BC, during the Second Macedonian War Philip was decisively defeated at Cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus and Macedon lost all its territories in Greece proper. Greece was now thoroughly brought into the Roman sphere of influence, though it retained nominal autonomy. The end of Antigonid Macedon came when Philip V's son, Perseus, was defeated and captured by the Romans in the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BCE).

Question: When did Philip form and alliance with Hannibal of Carthage?


Answer: 212 BC

Question: When did the First Macedonian War begin?


Answer: 205 BC

Question: When did the First Macedonian War end?


Answer: inconclusively

Question: How did the First Macedonian War end?


Answer: Titus Quinctius Flamininus

Question: Who defeated Philip?


Answer: 231 BC to 227 BCE

Context: The west Balkan coast was inhabited by various Illyrian tribes and kingdoms such as the kingdom of the Dalmatae and of the Ardiaei, who often engaged in piracy under Queen Teuta (reigned 231 BC to 227 BCE). Further inland was the Illyrian Paeonian Kingdom and the tribe of the Agrianes which covers most of the modern republic of Macedonia. Illyrians on the coast of the Adriatic were under the effects and influence of Hellenisation and some tribes adopted Greek, becoming bilingual due to their proximity to the Greek colonies in Illyria. Illyrians imported weapons and armor from the Ancient Greeks (such as the Illyrian type helmet, originally a Greek type) and also adopted the ornamentation of Ancient Macedon on their shields and their war belts (a single one has been found, dated 3rd century BC at modern Selce e Poshtme part of Macedon at the time under Philip V of Macedon).

Question: What years did Queen Teutra reign?


Answer: Ancient Greeks

Question: From where did Illyrians import there weapons and armor?


Answer: Ancient Macedon

Question: What type or ornamentation was featured on the Illyrians shilds and war belts?


Answer: Illyrian

Question: What tribes inhabited the Balkan Coast?


Answer: Agrianes

Question: What tribe covered most of the republic of Macedonia?


Answer: Thrace

Context: The Odrysian Kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes under the kings of the powerful Odrysian tribe centered around the region of Thrace. Various parts of Thrace were under Macedonian rule under Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, Lysimachus, Ptolemy II, and Philip V but were also often ruled by their own kings. The Thracians and Agrianes were widely used by Alexander as peltasts and light cavalry, forming about one fifth of his army. The Diadochi also used Thracian mercenaries in their armies and they were also used as colonists. The Odrysians used Greek as the language of administration and of the nobility. The nobility also adopted Greek fashions in dress, ornament and military equipment, spreading it to the other tribes. Thracian kings were among the first to be Hellenized.

Question: What region was the center of the Odrysian Kingdom?


Answer: Alexander

Question: Who used Thracians and Agrianes as light cavalry?


Answer: one fifth

Question: What fraction of Alexander's army was made up of Thracians and Agrianes?


Answer: Greek

Question: What language was spoken by the Odrysians?


Answer: Thracian

Question: Which kings wre among the first to be Hellenized?


Answer: Magna Graecia

Context: Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) and south-eastern Sicily had been colonized by the Greeks during the 8th century. In 4th century Sicily the leading Greek city and hegemon was Syracuse. During the Hellenistic period the leading figure in Sicily was Agathocles of Syracuse (361 – 289 BCE) who seized the city with an army of mercenaries in 317 BCE. Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there. This was the first time a European force had invaded the region. After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king, in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east. Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.

Question: What was Southern Italy refered to as?


Answer: 8th

Question: Southern Italy and south-eastern Sicily were colonized by the Greeks in what century?


Answer: Carthaginian

Question: In 310 Agathocles invaded Tunisia and defeated what army?


Answer: Agathocles of Syracuse

Question: Who was the leading figure in Sicily during the Hellenistic period?


Answer: 300 BCE

Question: In defense of Tarentum, when did Agathocles attack Italy?