Answer: George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

Question: What ruler, besides John of Saxony and Philip of Hesse, formed the Schmalkaldic League?


Answer: antithetical

Context: Some scholars have asserted that Luther taught that faith and reason were antithetical in the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason. He wrote, "All the articles of our Christian faith, which God has revealed to us in His Word, are in presence of reason sheerly impossible, absurd, and false." and "[That] Reason in no way contributes to faith. [...] For reason is the greatest enemy that faith has; it never comes to the aid of spiritual things." However, though seemingly contradictorily, he also wrote in the latter work that human reason "strives not against faith, when enlightened, but rather furthers and advances it", bringing claims he was a fideist into dispute. Contemporary Lutheran scholarship, however, has found a different reality in Luther. Luther rather seeks to separate faith and reason in order to honor the separate spheres of knowledge that each applies to. Bernhard Lohse, for example, has demonstrated in his classic work "Fides und Ratio" that Luther ultimately sought to put the two together. More recently, Hans-Peter Grosshans has demonstrated that Luther's work on Biblical Criticism stresses the need for external coherence in the right exegetical method. This means that for Luther it is more important that the Bible is reasonable according to the reality outside of the scriptures than that the Bible makes sense to itself, that it has internal coherence. The right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible for Luther is none other than reason, which for him is the field of science, philosophy, history and empirical observation. Here a different picture is presented of a Luther who deeply valued both faith and reason, and held them in dialectical partnership. Luther's concern thus in separating them is honoring their different epistemological spheres.

Question: What do scholars sometimes assert that Luther believed about what faith and reason were to each other?


Answer: reason

Question: What did Luther think that faith could not be understood by?


Answer: no way contributes

Question: How did Luther say that reason contributes to faith?


Answer: reason

Question: What was faith's greatest enemy according to Luther?


Answer: different epistemological spheres.

Question: By separating faith and reason, what does Luther honor?


Answer: Jesus Christ was born a Jew

Context: In 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews and advocated their conversion by proving that the Old Testament could be shown to speak of Jesus Christ. However, as the Reformation continued, Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity. In his later years, Luther grew more hostile toward the Jews, writing against them with the kind of venom he had already unleashed on the Anabaptists, Zwinglianism, and the papacy. His 1543 treatise Von den Juden und ihren Lügen (On the Jews and Their Lies) took its place among other anti-Jewish literature of the times, although historians acknowledge that this treatise was particularly extreme, even by the standards of sixteenth century Europe. In it, he takes a hardline against Judaism, writing that synagogues and Jewish homes should be destroyed, their money confiscated, and liberty curtailed. These statements and their influence on antisemitism have contributed to his controversial status.

Question: What did Luther state as a means of discouraging mistreatment of Jews?


Answer: Jewish conversion to Christianity

Question: What did Luther gradually see as hopeless in the Reformation?


Answer: Jews

Question: Who did Luther strike out against in later years?


Answer: Anabaptists

Question: Luther treated Jews in a like way as he treated what group?


Answer: 1543

Question: When did Luther write an extreme treatise against the Jews?


Answer: as a scourge

Context: At the time of the Marburg Colloquy, Suleiman the Magnificent was besieging Vienna with a vast Ottoman army. Luther had argued against resisting the Turks in his 1518 Explanation of the Ninety-five Theses, provoking accusations of defeatism. He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God, as agents of the Biblical apocalypse that would destroy the antichrist, whom Luther believed to be the papacy, and the Roman Church. He consistently rejected the idea of a Holy War, "as though our people were an army of Christians against the Turks, who were enemies of Christ. This is absolutely contrary to Christ's doctrine and name". On the other hand, in keeping with his doctrine of the two kingdoms, Luther did support non-religious war against the Turks. In 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war. By 1529, in On War against the Turk, he was actively urging Emperor Charles V and the German people to fight a secular war against the Turks. He made clear, however, that the spiritual war against an alien faith was separate, to be waged through prayer and repentance. Around the time of the Siege of Vienna, Luther wrote a prayer for national deliverance from the Turks, asking God to "give to our emperor perpetual victory over our enemies".

Question: How did Luther view the Ottoman Turks?


Answer: to punish Christians

Question: What was the purpose of the Turks in Luther's mind?


Answer: destroy the antichrist

Question: Since Luther believed that the Turks were sent by God, what was their purpose?


Answer: the papacy

Question: Who did Luther view to be the Antichrist?


Answer: secular war

Question: What kind of war did Luther support against the Turks, even if he did not oppose a religious war?


Answer: Qur'an

Context: In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called "Mohammedanism" or "the Turk". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil, he was indifferent to its practice: "Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the papacy and other false Christians live." He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an, wanting it exposed to scrutiny.

Question: What book did Luther read in 1542?


Answer: critical pamphlets on Islam

Question: What type of writings did the reading of the Qur'an bring out in Luther?


Answer: Islam

Question: What were Mohammedanism and the Turk?


Answer: tool of the devil

Question: How did Luther view Islam?


Answer: exposed to scrutiny.

Question: What purpose would Luther have in not wanting to ban the Qur'an?


Answer: God's wrath to Christians

Context: Early in 1537, Johannes Agricola (1494–1566) – serving at the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisleben – preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law (the Ten Commandments), revealed God's wrath to Christians. Based on this sermon and others by Agricola, Luther suspected that Agricola was behind certain anonymous antinomian theses circulating in Wittenberg. These theses asserted that the law is no longer to be taught to Christians but belonged only to city hall. Luther responded to these theses with six series of theses against Agricola and the antinomians, four of which became the basis for disputations between 1538 and 1540. He also responded to these assertions in other writings, such as his 1539 open letter to C. Güttel Against the Antinomians, and his book On the Councils and the Church from the same year.

Question: What did Johannes Agricola preach that God's gospel revealed?


Answer: Johannes Agricola

Question: Who did Luther think was behind the antinomian theses circulating in Wittenberg?


Answer: city hall

Question: What did Agricola apparently believe about who should be in control law?


Answer: theses against Agricola

Question: How did Luther respond to Agricola?


Answer: On the Councils and the Church

Question: What book did Luther write in response to Agricola and the antinomians?


Answer: second use of the law

Context: In his theses and disputations against the antinomians, Luther reviews and reaffirms, on the one hand, what has been called the "second use of the law," that is, the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart, thus preparing him for Christ's fulfillment of the law offered in the gospel. Luther states that everything that is used to work sorrow over sin is called the law, even if it is Christ's life, Christ's death for sin, or God's goodness experienced in creation. Simply refusing to preach the Ten Commandments among Christians – thereby, as it were, removing the three letters l-a-w from the church – does not eliminate the accusing law. Claiming that the law – in any form – should not be preached to Christians anymore would be tantamount to asserting that Christians are no longer sinners in themselves and that the church consists only of essentially holy people.

Question: What did Luther's answer to the antinomians reaffirms?


Answer: work sorrow over sin

Question: What is the use of the law by the Holy Spirit?


Answer: everything

Question: What is Luther's opinion of what the law covers??


Answer: eliminate the accusing law

Question: What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments not do?


Answer: essentially holy people

Question: What did Luther claim the church would have to comprise if the law were not taught?


Answer: ought to live

Context: On the other hand, Luther also points out that the Ten Commandments – when considered not as God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will, that is, of the natural law – also positively teach how the Christian ought to live. This has traditionally been called the "third use of the law." For Luther, also Christ's life, when understood as an example, is nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments, which a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis.

Question: What do the Ten Commandments teach Christians how to do?


Answer: Ten Commandments

Question: What is God's expression of eternal will, according to Luther?


Answer: third use of the law

Question: Teaching Christians how they should live is what use of the law?


Answer: illustration of the Ten Commandments

Question: What did Luther consider Christ's life?


Answer: Ten Commandments

Question: What should a Christian follow in his life?


Answer: baptism

Context: The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism, are a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven in the midst of this life. Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments, therefore, has clear eschatological overtones, which, characteristically for Luther, do not encourage world-flight but direct the Christian to service to the neighbor in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world.

Question: What sacrament accords Christians renewed life?


Answer: Ten Commandments

Question: Besides baptism, what shows the future of heaven to Christians?


Answer: service to the neighbor

Question: What does the Ten Commandments ask of the Christians?


Answer: wanted to marry

Context: From December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, who wanted to marry one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting. Philip solicited the approval of Luther, Melanchthon, and Bucer, citing as a precedent the polygamy of the patriarchs. The theologians were not prepared to make a general ruling, and they reluctantly advised the landgrave that if he was determined, he should marry secretly and keep quiet about the matter. As a result, on 4 March 1540, Philip married a second wife, Margarethe von der Saale, with Melanchthon and Bucer among the witnesses. However, Philip was unable to keep the marriage secret, and he threatened to make Luther's advice public. Luther told him to "tell a good, strong lie" and deny the marriage completely, which Philip did during the subsequent public controversy. In the view of Luther's biographer Martin Brecht, "giving confessional advice for Philip of Hesse was one of the worst mistakes Luther made, and, next to the landgrave himself, who was directly responsible for it, history chiefly holds Luther accountable". Brecht argues that Luther's mistake was not that he gave private pastoral advice, but that he miscalculated the political implications. The affair caused lasting damage to Luther's reputation.

Question: What did Philip I wish to do around 1539?


Answer: bigamy

Question: What did Luther get implicated in concerning Philip I?


Answer: one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting

Question: Who did Philip I want to marry?


Answer: holds Luther accountable

Question: Who does history view as accountable for the error Philip I made and Luther's advice in the matter?


Answer: lasting damage

Question: What did this affair cause to Luther's reputation?


Answer: expelled Jews

Context: Luther wrote about the Jews throughout his career, though only a few of his works dealt with them directly. Luther rarely encountered Jews during his life, but his attitudes reflected a theological and cultural tradition which saw Jews as a rejected people guilty of the murder of Christ, and he lived within a local community that had expelled Jews some ninety years earlier. He considered the Jews blasphemers and liars because they rejected the divinity of Jesus, whereas Christians believed Jesus was the Messiah. But Luther believed that all human beings who set themselves against God were equally guilty. As early as 1516, he wrote that many people "are proud with marvelous stupidity when they call the Jews dogs, evildoers, or whatever they like, while they too, and equally, do not realize who or what they are in the sight of God". In 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity. When his efforts at conversion failed, he grew increasingly bitter toward them. In his 2010 book Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy, Christian author Eric Metaxas claimed that Luther's attitude towards Jews "unraveled along with his health."

Question: What had Luther's community done to Jews years earlier?


Answer: Jews

Question: Who did Luther write about, but seldom met?


Answer: murder of Christ

Question: What did Luther's area and tradition believe Jews to be guilty of?


Answer: divinity of Jesus

Question: What did Jews refuse to accept that caused Luther to call them blasphemers and liars?


Answer: convert them to Christianity.

Question: What did Luther try to do for the Jews?


Answer: Von den Juden und Ihren Lügen

Context: Luther's other major works on the Jews were his 60,000-word treatise Von den Juden und Ihren Lügen (On the Jews and Their Lies), and Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi (On the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543, three years before his death. Luther argued that the Jews were no longer the chosen people but "the devil's people", and referred to them with violent, vile language. Citing Deuteronomy 13, wherein Moses commands the killing of idolaters and the burning of their cities and property as an offering to God, Luther called for a "scharfe Barmherzigkeit" ("sharp mercy") against the Jews "to see whether we might save at least a few from the glowing flames." Luther advocated setting synagogues on fire, destroying Jewish prayerbooks, forbidding rabbis from preaching, seizing Jews' property and money, and smashing up their homes, so that these "envenomed worms" would be forced into labour or expelled "for all time". In Robert Michael's view, Luther's words "We are at fault in not slaying them" amounted to a sanction for murder. "God's anger with them is so intense," Luther concluded, "that gentle mercy will only tend to make them worse, while sharp mercy will reform them but little. Therefore, in any case, away with them!"

Question: What was Luther's major work of 60,000 words on the Jews?


Answer: 1543

Question: When was the large work published?


Answer: three years before

Question: How near to his death was the work published?


Answer: the devil's people

Question: What did Luther contend the Jews to be?


Answer: sanction for murder

Question: As what did Robert Michael view Luther's violent language towards the Jews?


Answer: the Jews

Context: Luther spoke out against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia. Josel of Rosheim, the Jewish spokesman who tried to help the Jews of Saxony in 1537, later blamed their plight on "that priest whose name was Martin Luther—may his body and soul be bound up in hell!—who wrote and issued many heretical books in which he said that whoever would help the Jews was doomed to perdition." Josel asked the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of Luther's anti-Jewish works: they refused initially, but did so when a Lutheran pastor in Hochfelden used a sermon to urge his parishioners to murder Jews. Luther's influence persisted after his death. Throughout the 1580s, riots led to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states.

Question: What did Luther speak out about in Saxony?


Answer: Martin Luther

Question: Who did Josel of Rosheim blame for the condition of Jews in Saxony?


Answer: doomed to perdition

Question: What did Josel of Rosheim claimed that Luther said of those who might aid the Jews?


Answer: Luther's anti-Jewish works

Question: What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?


Answer: Throughout the 1580s

Question: When did riots cause the expulsion of Jews from several German states?


Answer: Luther

Context: Luther was the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet. According to the prevailing view among historians, his anti-Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany, and in the 1930s and 1940s provided an "ideal underpinning" for the Nazis' attacks on Jews. Reinhold Lewin writes that anybody who "wrote against the Jews for whatever reason believed he had the right to justify himself by triumphantly referring to Luther." According to Michael, just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther. Heinrich Himmler wrote admiringly of his writings and sermons on the Jews in 1940. The city of Nuremberg presented a first edition of On the Jews and their Lies to Julius Streicher, editor of the Nazi newspaper Der Stürmer, on his birthday in 1937; the newspaper described it as the most radically anti-Semitic tract ever published. It was publicly exhibited in a glass case at the Nuremberg rallies and quoted in a 54-page explanation of the Aryan Law by Dr. E.H. Schulz and Dr. R. Frercks.

Question: Who was the most widely read writer of his generation?


Answer: anti-Jewish rhetoric

Question: What action by Luther added to antisemitism in Germany?


Answer: attacks on Jews

Question: What later actions by the Nazis could be traced back to Luther's rhetoric?


Answer: Luther

Question: Whose writings were widely quoted by the Third Reich?


Answer: radically anti-Semitic

Question: How did Der Sturmer describe Luther's On the Jews and their Lies


Answer: 17 December 1941

Context: On 17 December 1941, seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge, "since after his bitter experience Luther had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory." According to Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse, a leading Protestant churchman, published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht, for which Diarmaid MacCulloch, Professor of the History of the Church in the University of Oxford argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint." Sasse applauded the burning of the synagogues and the coincidence of the day, writing in the introduction, "On 10 November 1938, on Luther's birthday, the synagogues are burning in Germany." The German people, he urged, ought to heed these words "of the greatest antisemite of his time, the warner of his people against the Jews."

Question: When did seven Protestant churches agree with the Nazi policy of forcing Jews to wear yellow arm bands?


Answer: Luther

Question: Who did the churches claim had suggested expulsion of Jews from Germany?


Answer: Diarmaid MacCulloch

Question: Who claimed Luther's writings were a blueprint of actions against Jews?


Answer: Bishop Martin Sasse

Question: Who agreed with the burning of synagogues?


Answer: greatest antisemite

Question: What did Sasse proclaim Luther to be?


Answer: opportunistic

Context: At the heart of scholars' debate about Luther's influence is whether it is anachronistic to view his work as a precursor of the racial antisemitism of the Nazis. Some scholars see Luther's influence as limited, and the Nazis' use of his work as opportunistic. Biographer Martin Brecht points out that "There is a world of difference between his belief in salvation and a racial ideology. Nevertheless, his misguided agitation had the evil result that Luther fatefully became one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism and thus provided material for the modern hatred of the Jews, cloaking it with the authority of the Reformer." Johannes Wallmann argues that Luther's writings against the Jews were largely ignored in the 18th and 19th centuries, and that there was no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology. Uwe Siemon-Netto agreed, arguing that it was because the Nazis were already anti-Semites that they revived Luther's work. Hans J. Hillerbrand agreed that to focus on Luther was to adopt an essentially ahistorical perspective of Nazi antisemitism that ignored other contributory factors in German history. Similarly, Roland Bainton, noted church historian and Luther biographer, wrote "One could wish that Luther had died before ever [On the Jews and Their Lies] was written. His position was entirely religious and in no respect racial."

Question: How do some scholars view the Nazi use of Luther's work?


Answer: misguided agitation

Question: What did Martin Brecht call Luther's stand on the Jews?


Answer: modern hatred of the Jews

Question: What did this agitation provide later generations material for?


Answer: 18th and 19th centuries

Question: When was Luther's writings about the Jews ignored, according to Johannes Wallmann?


Answer: religious and in no respect racial

Question: What did Roland Bainton say about Luther's position on Jews?


Answer: violence

Context: Other scholars argue that, even if his views were merely anti-Judaic—that is, opposed to Judaism and its adherence rather than the Jews as an ethnic group—their violence lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism. Ronald Berger writes that Luther is credited with "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism and establishing anti-Semitism as a key element of German culture and national identity." Paul Rose argues that he caused a "hysterical and demonizing mentality" about Jews to enter German thought and discourse, a mentality that might otherwise have been absent. Christopher J. Probst in his book Demonizing the Jews: Luther and the Protestant Church in Nazi Germany (2012), shows that a large number of German Lutheran clergy and theologians during the Nazi Third Reich used Luther's hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion to justify at least in part the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists.

Question: Other scholars contend that Luther's words lent what element to Christian suspicion of Jews?


Answer: Ronald Berger

Question: Who thinks that Luther added antisemitism as a cultural element to Germany?


Answer: hysterical and demonizing mentality

Question: What did Paul Rose say Luther added to German thought?


Answer: Lutheran clergy and theologians

Question: Who aide the Reich in Germany in antisemitism?


Answer: Luther's hostile publications

Question: What did these Lutheran clerics use as fuel to bolster the Policies of the Nazis?


Answer: declining state of mind

Context: Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards in his book Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531–46 (1983), suggest that since Luther's increasingly antisemitic views developed during the years his health deteriorated, it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind. Edwards also comments that Luther often deliberately used "vulgarity and violence" for effect, both in his writings condemning the Jews and in diatribes against "Turks" (Muslims) and Catholics.

Question: What does Mark U. Edwards claim as a possible cause of Luther's antisemitism?


Answer: his health

Question: What about Luther declined as his antisemitism increased?


Answer: vulgarity and violence

Question: What kind of affect did Luther often use in his discourses?


Answer: Muslims) and Catholics

Question: Who else did Luther use violent rhetoric towards?


Answer: Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531–46

Question: What is the title of Edwards book about Luther?


Answer: Since the 1980s

Context: Since the 1980s, Lutheran Church denominations have repudiated Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans. Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15–65 found that, compared to the other minority groups under consideration, Lutherans were the least prejudiced toward Jews. Nevertheless, Professor Richard (Dick) Geary, former Professor of Modern History at the University of Nottingham, England, and the author of Hitler and Nazism (Routledge 1993), wrote in the journal History Today an article on who voted for the Nazis in elections held from 1928-1933, where he claimed that from his research he found that the Nazis gained disproportionately more votes from Protestant than Catholic areas of Germany.

Question: When have Lutheran Churches repudiated Luther's statements about the Jews?


Answer: least prejudiced

Question: What did a survey of North American Lutherans find that Lutherans felt about Jews compared to other minority groups?


Answer: Richard (Dick) Geary

Question: Who found that Protestants voted for Nazis more than Catholics?


Answer: 1928-1933

Question: When were the elections that produced a higher vote by Protestant Nazi sympathizers than by Catholics?


Answer: his health deteriorated

Context: Luther had been suffering from ill health for years, including Ménière's disease, vertigo, fainting, tinnitus, and a cataract in one eye. From 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome, the antagonisms with and among his fellow reformers, and the scandal which ensued from the bigamy of the Philip of Hesse incident, in which Luther had played a leading role, all may have contributed. In 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis, and an ear infection ruptured an ear drum. In December 1544, he began to feel the effects of angina.

Question: How was Luther's health for the years of 1531 to 1546?


Answer: bigamy of the Philip of Hesse

Question: Besides the arguments with Rome and his own fellow reformers, what scandal contributed to Luther's failing health?


Answer: kidney and bladder stones

Question: What did Luther begin to experience in 1536?


Answer: arthritis, and an ear infection

Question: What other health issues did Luther have?


Answer: angina

Question: By 1544 what did Luther have to deal with in his health?


Answer: poor physical health

Context: His poor physical health made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments. His wife Katharina was overheard saying, "Dear husband, you are too rude," and he responded, "They are teaching me to be rude." In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church in Halle, staying with his friend Justus Jonas during Christmas.

Question: What made Luther even more short tempered than usual?


Answer: writings and comments

Question: What other aspect of Luther's life was affected by his health?


Answer: harsher

Question: How did Luther's writings sound as he became less healthy?


Answer: His wife Katharina

Question: Who scolded Luther about his rudeness?


Answer: three times

Question: How many times did Luther preach in Halle in 1545 and 1546?


Answer: Eisleben

Context: His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546, three days before his death. It was "entirely devoted to the obdurate Jews, whom it was a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory," according to Léon Poliakov. James Mackinnon writes that it concluded with a "fiery summons to drive the Jews bag and baggage from their midst, unless they desisted from their calumny and their usury and became Christians." Luther said, "we want to practice Christian love toward them and pray that they convert," but also that they are "our public enemies ... and if they could kill us all, they would gladly do so. And so often they do."

Question: Where was Luther's last sermon preached?


Answer: 15 February 1546

Question: When was Luther's last sermon?


Answer: Jews

Question: What was the focus of Luther's last sermon?


Answer: all German territory

Question: From whence did Luther want to expel the Jews?


Answer: that they convert

Question: What did Luther say would allow the Jews to stay?


Answer: Mansfeld

Context: Luther's final journey, to Mansfeld, was taken because of his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade. Their livelihood was threatened by Count Albrecht of Mansfeld bringing the industry under his own control. The controversy that ensued involved all four Mansfeld counts: Albrecht, Philip, John George, and Gerhard. Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice in late 1545 to participate in the negotiations for a settlement, and a third visit was needed in early 1546 for their completion.

Question: To where was Luther's final journey?


Answer: negotiations

Question: What was Luther involved in dealing with the minds in Mansfeld?


Answer: late 1545

Question: When did Luther travel to Mansfeld twice?


Answer: early 1546

Question: When was a third visit to Mnafeld scheduled?


Answer: his siblings' families

Question: For whom was Luther concerned about in Mansfeld?


Answer: 17 February 1546

Context: The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains. When he went to his bed, he prayed, "Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God" (Ps. 31:5), the common prayer of the dying. At 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels. He thanked God for revealing his Son to him in whom he had believed. His companions, Justus Jonas and Michael Coelius, shouted loudly, "Reverend father, are you ready to die trusting in your Lord Jesus Christ and to confess the doctrine which you have taught in his name?" A distinct "Yes" was Luther's reply.

Question: When were the negotiations finished in Mansfeld?


Answer: chest pains

Question: After the negotiations were done what did Luther experience?


Answer: Ps. 31:5

Question: Luther went to bed quoting what scripture?


Answer: prayer of the dying

Question: What is Psalm 31:5?


Answer: 1 a.m

Question: When did Luther waken with more chest pains?


Answer: apoplectic stroke

Context: An apoplectic stroke deprived him of his speech, and he died shortly afterwards at 2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546, aged 62, in Eisleben, the city of his birth. He was buried in the Castle Church in Wittenberg, beneath the pulpit. The funeral was held by his friends Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon. A year later, troops of Luther's adversary Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor entered the town, but were ordered by Charles not to disturb the grave.

Question: What event took away his ability of speech?


Answer: 2:45 a.m

Question: At what time did Martin Luther die?


Answer: 18 February 1546

Question: On what date did Luther die?


Answer: in the Castle Church

Question: Where was Luther buried?


Answer: Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon

Question: Who performed the funeral for Martin Luther?


Answer: his last statement

Context: A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement. The statement was in Latin, apart from "We are beggars," which was in German.

Question: What was later discovered written by Luther?


Answer: Latin

Question: In what language was most of the statement written?


Answer: "We are beggars,"

Question: What portion of Luther's last statement was in German?


Answer: monumental

Context: In the 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism. In contrast to images of frail Catholic saints, Luther was presented as a stout man with a "double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck." He was shown to be physically imposing, an equal in stature to the secular German princes with whom he would join forces to spread Lutheranism. His large body also let the viewer know that he did not shun earthly pleasures like drinking—behavior that was a stark contrast to the ascetic life of the medieval religious orders. Famous images from this period include the woodcuts by Hans Brosamer (1530) and Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger (1546).

Question: What kind of images of Luther were used to advertise Protestantism?


Answer: frail Catholic saints

Question: In contrast how were Catholic saints portrayed?


Answer: physically imposing

Question: How was Luther presented as an image to spread Protestantism?


Answer: religious orders

Question: What was the image of Luther a contrast to the life of?


Answer: 1530s and 1540s

Question: When were images being used to promote the spread of Lutheranism?


Answer: 18 February

Context: Luther is honoured on 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints. In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.

Question: When is Luther commemorated in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints ?


Answer: Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints.

Question: On what other calendar is Luther commemorated?


Answer: 31 October

Question: When is Luther commemorated by the Church of England?


Answer: Church of England's Calendar of Saints

Question: On what English calendar is Luther commemorated?


Answer: Luther is honoured

Question: How is Luther commemorated on the Lutheran, Episcopal, and Church of England calendars?


Answer: SoCal

Context: Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties. The region is traditionally described as "eight counties", based on demographics and economic ties: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura. The more extensive 10-county definition, including Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is also used based on historical political divisions. Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the United States.

Question: What is Southern California often abbreviated as?


Answer: 10 counties

Question: Despite being traditionall described as "eight counties", how many counties does this region actually have?


Answer: economic center

Question: What is a major importance of Southern California in relation to California and the United States?


Answer: demographics and economic ties

Question: What are the ties that best described what the "eight counties" are based on?


Answer: historical political divisions

Question: The reasons for the las two counties to be added are based on what?


Answer: Southern California Megaregion

Context: The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.

Question: What is the name of the region that is not defined by the eight or 10 county definitions?


Answer: 11

Question: How many megaregions are there in the United States?


Answer: Nevada

Question: What is the name of the state that the megaregion expands to in the east?


Answer: Mexican

Question: Which border does the megaregion extend over?


Answer: Tijuana

Question: What is the name of the area past the border that the megaregion extends into?


Answer: Pacific

Context: Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population.

Question: Which coastline does Southern California touch?


Answer: seven

Question: How many metropolitan areas does Southern California's population encompass?


Answer: 12 million

Question: How many inhabitants does the Los Angeles area contain?


Answer: San Diego

Question: Which of the three heavily populated areas has the least number of inhabitants?


Answer: 17.5 million

Question: How many people does the Greater Los Angeles Area have?


Answer: Colorado River

Context: To the east is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada. To the south is the Mexico–United States border.

Question: What is the name of the water body that is found to the east?


Answer: Colorado Desert

Question: What is the name of the desert on the border of Arizona?


Answer: Mojave Desert

Question: What is the name of the desert near the border of Nevada?


Answer: Mexico–United States border

Question: What is the name of the border to the south?


Answer: California

Context: Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation.

Question: The cities of Los Angeles and San Diego are a part of which state?


Answer: 3,792,621

Question: What is the population of Los Angeles?


Answer: Los Angeles

Question: Which city is the most populous in California?


Answer: San Diego

Question: What is the eighth most populous city in the nation?


Answer: south

Question: In which cardinal direction from Los Angeles is San Diego?


Answer: Los Angeles

Context: Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state and all are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States.

Question: Orange, San Diego, Riverside and San Bernardino make up four of the five counties. What is the name of the last county?


Answer: United States

Question: What country are all the counties in?


Answer: counties

Question: What are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino and Riverside?


Answer: 15

Question: What is the lowest ranking one of the counties could have in terms of most populous counties in the United States?


Answer: counties

Question: What is the smallest geographical region discussed?


Answer: Hollywood

Context: The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry. Headquartered in southern California are The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies as well.

Question: What is the name given to the district that is associated with the motion picture industry?


Answer: Los Angeles

Question: Which city does the Hollywood district belong to?


Answer: The Walt Disney Company

Question: Which company owns ABC?


Answer: music

Question: Other than the motion picture and television industry, what other major industry is centered in Los Angeles?


Answer: Sony

Question: Other than Universal and Warner Brothers, what other company runs a major record company?


Answer: skateboard

Context: Southern California is also home to a large home grown surf and skateboard culture. Companies such as Volcom, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, and Body Glove are all headquartered here. Professional skateboarder Tony Hawk, professional surfers Rob Machado, Tim Curran, Bobby Martinez, Pat O'Connell, Dane Reynolds, and Chris Ward, and professional snowboarder Shaun White live in southern California. Some of the world's legendary surf spots are in southern California as well, including Trestles, Rincon, The Wedge, Huntington Beach, and Malibu, and it is second only to the island of Oahu in terms of famous surf breaks. Some of the world's biggest extreme sports events, including the X Games, Boost Mobile Pro, and the U.S. Open of Surfing are all in southern California. Southern California is also important to the world of yachting. The annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, is one of yachting's premier events. The San Diego Yacht Club held the America's Cup, the most prestigious prize in yachting, from 1988 to 1995 and hosted three America's Cup races during that time.

Question: Other than surf, what other culture is southern California home to?


Answer: Tony Hawk

Question: What is the name of the professional skateboarder that lives in southern California?


Answer: Shaun White

Question: What famous snowbaorder lives in southern California?


Answer: Oahu

Question: Southern California is second to which island in terms of famous serf breaks?


Answer: Transpac

Question: What is the shortened name of the annual yacht race that takes place?


Answer: Palm Springs

Context: Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces.

Question: What is the name of the desert city?


Answer: beaches

Question: Other than the desert city why do many locals and tourists frequent southern California?


Answer: southern

Question: Which region of California is Palm Springs located in?


Answer: open spaces

Question: Other than for its resort feel, what is Palm Springs popular for?


Answer: 37° 9' 58.23"

Context: "Southern California" is not a formal geographic designation, and definitions of what constitutes southern California vary. Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37° 9' 58.23" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose; however, this does not coincide with popular use of the term. When the state is divided into two areas (northern and southern California), the term "southern California" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state. This definition coincides neatly with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, which form the northern borders of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.

Question: Geographically speaking, where is California's north - south midway point in terms of latitude?


Answer: 11

Question: How many miles south of San Jose is the north - south midway point located?


Answer: ten

Question: The term "southern" California usually refers to how many of the southern-most counties of the state?


Answer: Tehachapi Mountains

Question: Other than Point Conception, what landmark is used in the other definition of southern California?


Answer: northern

Question: Point Conception is an example of a landmark among what boundary of southern California?


Answer: Mexico

Context: Though there is no official definition for the northern boundary of southern California, such a division has existed from the time when Mexico ruled California, and political disputes raged between the Californios of Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California. Following the acquisition of California by the United States, the division continued as part of the attempt by several pro-slavery politicians to arrange the division of Alta California at 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the line of the Missouri Compromise. Instead, the passing of the Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state.

Question: Which country used to rule California?


Answer: Alta California

Question: Los Angeles is in the lower part of what?


Answer: Monterey

Question: Which Californio is located in the upper part?


Answer: the Missouri Compromise

Question: What was the name of the legislation passed in 1850?


Answer: free

Question: The legislation allowed California to be admitted to the Union as what kind of state?


Answer: inequitable taxes

Context: Subsequently, Californios (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated "Cow Counties" of southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California. The last attempt, the Pico Act of 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller. It was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 75% of voters in the proposed Territory of Colorado. This territory was to include all the counties up to the then much larger Tulare County (that included what is now Kings, most of Kern, and part of Inyo counties) and San Luis Obispo County. The proposal was sent to Washington, D.C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham. However, the secession crisis following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the proposal never coming to a vote.

Question: Other than land laws, what else were the Californios dissatisfied with?


Answer: Cow Counties

Question: What was the name given to the regions in which the pro - slavery southerners lived?


Answer: three

Question: How many times did southern California attempt to achieve a separate statehood?


Answer: 75

Question: What was the percentage of people that voted in favor of the Pico Act of 1859?


Answer: Milton Latham

Question: Which Senator was a strong advocate for the Pico Act?


Answer: Los Angeles Times

Context: In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California as including "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara." In 1999, the Times added a newer county—Imperial—to that list.

Question: Which newspaper defined southern California?


Answer: 1900

Question: In which year did the newspaper define southern California?


Answer: 1999

Question: In which year did the newspaper change its previous definition?


Answer: Imperial

Question: What was the newer county added to the list?


Answer: seven

Question: How many counties initially made up the definition of southern California?


Answer: regional tourism groups

Context: The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California, choose to simplify matters by dividing the state along the lines where their jurisdictions for membership apply, as either northern or southern California, in contrast to the three-region point of view. Another influence is the geographical phrase South of the Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range, but in that definition, the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region due to their remoteness from the central valley and interior desert landscape.

Question: Which organizations most commonly divide and promote the state?


Answer: California State Automobile Association

Question: Other than the Automobile Club of Southern California, what other AAA Auto Club chose to simplify the divide?


Answer: three-region

Question: The two AAA clubs divided the state into a northern and southern California as opposed to what point of view?


Answer: Tehachapis

Question: Which mountain range influenced the split of the regions?


Answer: southern

Question: In the definition based off the mountain range, which region would the desert portions of north Los Angeles County be included in?


Answer: third

Context: Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.

Question: Where does southern California's megalopolis standard in terms of population nationwide?


Answer: vast areas

Question: Although southern california consts of a heavily developed urban environment, how much of it has been left undeveloped?


Answer: suburban

Question: Southern Californian communities are well known to be large, spread - out, and what other characteristic?


Answer: highways

Question: Outside of its use of automobiles, what else is southern California famous for using?


Answer: international metropolitan

Question: What kind of region can be found inside the urban area of southern California?


Answer: Camp Pendleton

Context: Traveling south on Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton. The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire. To the east, the United States Census Bureau considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas, Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County. While many commute to L.A. and Orange Counties, there are some differences in development, as most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties (the non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. Newly developed exurbs formed in the Antelope Valley north of Los Angeles, the Victor Valley and the Coachella Valley with the Imperial Valley. Also, population growth was high in the Bakersfield-Kern County, Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas.

Question: What is the main gap to continued urbanization?


Answer: Inland Empire

Question: Other than the San Diego metropolitan area, what other area are the communities along Interstates 15 and 215 connected with?


Answer: United States Census Bureau

Question: Who considers Los Angeles County to be a separate metropolitan area?


Answer: Orange

Question: Other than L.A. which other county do many people commute to?


Answer: 1990s

Question: Other than the 1980s, in which decade did most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties develop?


Answer: Mediterranean

Context: Southern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.

Question: What kind of climate does southern California maintain?


Answer: infrequent rain

Question: Other than many sunny days, what characteristic is typical for the climate in souther California?


Answer: 60's

Question: What is the low end of the temperature range in summer?


Answer: very rare

Question: How frequent is snow in the Southwest of the state?


Answer: 70

Question: What is the high end of the temperature range in winter?


Answer: Pacific Ocean

Context: Southern California consists of one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes in a diversity outnumbering other major regions in the state and country. The region spans from Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains, through the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks, into the large and small interior valleys, to the vast deserts of California.

Question: The region spans starting at islands found in which body of water?


Answer: varied

Question: What term best describes southern California's collection of landscapes?


Answer: topographic

Question: What type of landscapes other than geologic and natural ecosystem landscapes can be found in southern California?


Answer: Peninsular

Question: The region spans which mountains other than the Transverse ranges?


Answer: valleys

Question: The mountain ranges tail off into what kind of geographical formation?


Answer: 10,000

Context: Each year, the southern California area has about 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred are greater than magnitude 3.0, and only about 15–20 are greater than magnitude 4.0. The magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake was particularly destructive, causing a substantial number of deaths, injuries, and structural collapses. It caused the most property damage of any earthquake in U.S. history, estimated at over $20 billion.

Question: How many earthquakes does southern California experience in a year?


Answer: small

Question: Generally speaking, what size are the earthquakes that hit southern California?


Answer: 6.7

Question: What magnitude was the 1994 Northridge earthquake?


Answer: property damage

Question: What kind of destruction did the 1994 earthquake cause the most of in US history?


Answer: $20 billion

Question: How much was the 1994 earthquake estimated to have cost?


Answer: San Andreas

Context: Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence in California.

Question: Which fault can produce a magnitude earthquake of 8.0?


Answer: 6.7

Question: What magnitude of earthquake can many faults produce?


Answer: Puente Hills

Question: Other than the San Jacinto Fault, and the Elsinore Fault, name one other fault.


Answer: USGS

Question: Which organization released a California Earthquake forecast?


Answer: occurrence

Question: The earthquake forecast models what features of earthquakes in California?


Answer: economically

Context: Southern California is divided culturally, politically, and economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere, anchored usually by a city with both national and sometimes global recognition, which are often the hub of economic activity for its respective region and being home to many tourist destinations. Each region is further divided into many culturally distinct areas but as a whole combine to create the southern California atmosphere.

Question: Southern California's distinctive regions are divided culturally, politically and what other trait?


Answer: global

Question: Outside of national recognition, what other kind of recognition do some of the cities get?


Answer: economic

Question: Cities that anchor the regions are often the hub for what kind of activity?


Answer: 2010

Context: As of the 2010 United States Census, southern California has a population of 22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.0% in the 2000s as California's growth became concentrated in the northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area and an emerging Greater Sacramento region.

Question: Southern California had a population of 22,680,010 according to the census from which year?


Answer: high growth rates

Question: What does southern California have a reputation for?


Answer: 10.0%

Question: What is the state average growth rate?


Answer: tech-oriented

Question: What kind of economy did northern California start to grow in the 2000s?


Answer: Greater Sacramento

Question: Which region began to grow and assert itself in the 2000s?


Answer: Metropolitan Statistical Areas

Context: Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area, eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population. These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,786,419, and San Diego–Tijuana at 5,105,768. Of these metropolitan areas, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan area, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area, and Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area form Greater Los Angeles; while the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border Region. North of Greater Los Angeles are the Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and Bakersfield metropolitan areas.

Question: What is the name associated with the eight areas that make up a part of southern California?


Answer: two

Question: How many extended metropolitan areas are there?


Answer: five million

Question: Each of the extended metropolitan areas has a population that exceeds what number?


Answer: Southern Border Region

Question: What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carslbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?


Answer: 17,786,419

Question: What is the population of the Greater Los Angeles Area?


Answer: Los Angeles

Context: Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego (at 1.3 million people), both in southern California, are the two largest cities in all of California (and two of the eight largest cities in the United States). In southern California there are also twelve cities with more than 200,000 residents and 34 cities over 100,000 in population. Many of southern California's most developed cities lie along or in close proximity to the coast, with the exception of San Bernardino and Riverside.

Question: What is the largest city in all of California?


Answer: 1.3 million

Question: What is the population of the second largest city in California?


Answer: twelve

Question: How many cities in southern California have over 200,000 residents?


Answer: 100,000

Question: There are 34 cities in southern California that have a population exceeding what number?


Answer: Riverside

Question: Other than San Bernardino, which other developed southern Californian city is not in close proximity to the coast?


Answer: petroleum

Context: Southern California's economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum, as opposed to other regions where automobiles not nearly as dominant, the vast majority of transport runs on this fuel. Southern California is famous for tourism and Hollywood (film, television, and music). Other industries include software, automotive, ports, finance, tourism, biomedical, and regional logistics. The region was a leader in the housing bubble 2001–2007, and has been heavily impacted by the housing crash.

Question: What resource is the economy of southern California depedent on?


Answer: Hollywood

Question: Southern California is most famous for tourism and what notably named district?


Answer: the housing bubble

Question: The region was a leader in what event between 2001 - 2007?


Answer: diverse

Question: Southern California's economy can be described as one of the largest in the United States and what other characteristic?


Answer: heavily impacted

Question: What was the effect of the housing crash on the region?


Answer: 1920s

Context: Since the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace continues to be a major factor.

Question: Motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries since which decade?


Answer: richest

Question: What characteristic best describes the agricultural regions that could be found?


Answer: citrus

Question: Outside of livestock, what else was considered a major industry in the agriculture regions?


Answer: cattle

Question: Which type of livestock was the argricultural region known for?


Answer: aerospace

Question: What industry has managed to survive major military spending cutbacks?


Answer: business

Context: Southern California is home to many major business districts. Central business districts (CBD) include Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside.

Question: What type of district is southern California home to many of?


Answer: Central business districts

Question: What does CBD stand for?


Answer: South Coast Metro

Question: What is the only district in the CBD to not have "downtown" in it's name?


Answer: business

Context: Within the Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself has many business districts including the Downtown Los Angeles central business district as well as those lining the Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile including Century City, Westwood and Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley.

Question: Downtown Burbank is an example of what kind of district?


Answer: Los Angeles Area

Question: Downtown Santa Monica and Downtown Glendale are a part of which area?


Answer: San Fernando Valley

Question: Warner Center is located in which area?


Answer: Los Angeles

Question: Century City is an example of a district that belongs to which city?


Answer: business

Context: The San Bernardino-Riverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside.

Question: The Sand Bernardino - Riverside area maintains what kind of district?


Answer: Riverside

Question: Other than San Bernardino, what is the name of the other city that maintains the districts including University Town?


Answer: Hospitality Business/Financial Centre

Question: Other than Downtown San Bernardino, and University Town, what is the name of another business district in the San Bernardino-Riverside area?


Answer: Orange

Context: Orange County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts; as well as the Irvine business centers of The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine, and international corporations headquartered at the University of California, Irvine. West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center and Jamboree Business Parks.

Question: Which county is developing its business center?


Answer: University of California, Irvine

Question: Where are international corporations headquartered?


Answer: West Irvine

Question: Jamboree Business Parks belongs to which business center?


Answer: South Coast Metro

Question: What other business district does Orange County envelop outside of Downtown Santa Ana and Newport Center?


Answer: rapidly

Question: At what rate is Orange County developing its business centers?


Answer: Downtown San Diego

Context: Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City. Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County regions.

Question: What is the central business district of San Diego?


Answer: Northern San Diego

Question: Other than its main central business district, where are the majority of San Diego's business districts located?


Answer: North County

Question: Outside of Northern San Diego, which other region contains business districts?


Answer: San Diego

Question: University City is an example of a business district located in which city?


Answer: Los Angeles International Airport

Context: Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world; Van Nuys Airport, the world's busiest general aviation airport; major commercial airports at Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank and Long Beach; and numerous smaller commercial and general aviation airports.

Question: What is the second busiest airport in the United States?


Answer: passenger volume

Question: What is the metric they use to determine how busy airports are?


Answer: third

Question: What ranking in terms of busiest airports from international passenger volume is the Los Angeles International Airport?


Answer: San Diego International Airport

Question: Which airport is home to the busiest single runway in the world?


Answer: Van Nuys Airport

Question: What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?


Answer: Metrolink

Context: Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties with the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties directly.

Question: What is the name of the commuter rail system?


Answer: seven

Question: How many lines does the commuter rail system have?


Answer: Six

Question: How many lines run out of Downtown Los Angeles?


Answer: Orange

Question: A single line connects San Bernardino, Riverside and what other county?


Answer: Port of Los Angeles

Context: Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles, the United States' busiest commercial port; the adjacent Port of Long Beach, the United States' second busiest container port; and the Port of San Diego.

Question: What is the United States busiest commercial port?


Answer: Port of San Diego

Question: What is the second busiest container port in the United States?


Answer: Southern

Question: The Port of Long Beach belongs to which region of California?


Answer: The Tech Coast

Context: The Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base as well as its multitude of prestigious and world-renowned research universities and other public and private institutions. Amongst these include 5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12 California State University campuses (Bakersfield, Channel Islands, Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Northridge, Pomona, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Marcos, and San Luis Obispo); and private institutions such as the California Institute of Technology, Chapman University, the Claremont Colleges (Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, Pitzer College, Pomona College, and Scripps College), Loma Linda University, Loyola Marymount University, Occidental College, Pepperdine University, University of Redlands, University of San Diego, and the University of Southern California.

Question: What is the moniker that is being used to describe the region's diversified technology?


Answer: research

Question: What kind of universities is the region famous for?


Answer: private

Question: What kind of university is the California Institute of Technology?


Answer: 5

Question: How many campuses does the University of California have?


Answer: 12

Question: How many campuses does the California State University have?


Answer: NFL

Context: Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).

Question: The Los Angeles Rams are an example of what kind of sports team?


Answer: NBA

Question: The Los Angeles Clippers are a team belonging to which sport?


Answer: MLB

Question: The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are from which sport?


Answer: Los Angeles Kings

Question: What is the other NHL team aside from the Anaheim Ducks to reside in Southern California?


Answer: LA Galaxy

Question: What is the lone MLS team that belongs to southern California?


Answer: Chivas USA

Context: From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles — the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA — that both played at the StubHub Center and were local rivals. However, Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018.

Question: Which team was suspended from the MLS?


Answer: two

Question: How many teams did Los Angeles used to have?


Answer: 2014

Question: Which year resulted in the suspension of one of the two soccer teams?


Answer: StubHub Center

Question: What was the name of the stadium that the teams played in?


Answer: 2018

Question: When is the suspended team scheduled to return?


Answer: College

Context: College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference, and there is a longtime rivalry between the schools.

Question: What other kind of sport is popular in southern California?


Answer: UCLA

Question: The Bruins belong to which college?


Answer: Trojans

Question: What is the name of the team from USC?


Answer: Pac-12

Question: Which conference do the teams in southern California play in?


Answer: Division I

Question: The two listed teams play for which NCAA group?


Answer: Rugby

Context: Rugby is also a growing sport in southern California, particularly at the high school level, with increasing numbers of schools adding rugby as an official school sport.

Question: What is a growing sport in southern California?


Answer: high school

Question: At which level of education is this sport becoming more popular?


Answer: an official school sport

Question: What is rugby rapidly becoming with high schools?


Answer: BSkyB

Context: Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company. Following BSkyB's 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014, its holding company British Sky Broadcasting Group plc changed its name to Sky plc. The United Kingdom operations also changed the company name from British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited, still trading as Sky.

Question: What company was formed by the merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting?


Answer: BSkyB

Question: Who is the UK's largest digital subscription television company?


Answer: 2014

Question: What year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?


Answer: Sky plc

Question: What is the name of the holding company for BSkyB?


Answer: Sky UK Limited

Question: What is the name of the United Kingdom operation for BSkyB?


Answer: 2006

Context: Following a lengthy legal battle with the European Commission, which deemed the exclusivity of the rights to be against the interests of competition and the consumer, BSkyB's monopoly came to an end from the 2007–08 season. In May 2006, the Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports was awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters. Sky picked up the remaining four for £1.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid £4.2bn for a package of 120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016. This represented an increase of 70% on the previous contract and was said to be £1bn more than the company had expected to pay. The move has been followed by staff cuts, increased subscription prices (including 9% in Sky's family package) and the dropping of the 3D channel.

Question: What year was Setanta Sports awarded Primeier Leage rights to broadcast?


Answer: two

Question: How many of the six total packages available to broadcasters was Setanta awarded?


Answer: Sky

Question: Who purhcased the remaining 4 pacakages available to broadcasters?


Answer: £1.3bn

Question: How much did Sky bid to win the 4 broadcast pacakges they bought?


Answer: ONdigital

Context: While BSkyB had been excluded from being a part of the ONdigital consortium, thereby making them a competitor by default, BSkyB was able to join ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview, in which it holds an equal stake with the BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and National Grid Wireless. Prior to October 2005, three BSkyB channels were available on this platform: Sky News, Sky Three, and Sky Sports News. Initially BSkyB provided Sky Travel to the service. However, this was replaced by Sky Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV' in 2011.

Question: What consortium was BSkyB excluded from?


Answer: Freeview

Question: Who did BSkyB team up with because it was not part of the consortium?


Answer: three

Question: How many BSkyB channels were available to customers prior to October 2005?


Answer: Sky Three

Question: What channel replaced Sky Travel?


Answer: Pick TV

Question: What was Sky Travel later rebranded as?


Answer: Sky+ PVR

Context: BSkyB initially charged additional subscription fees for using a Sky+ PVR with their service; waiving the charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels. This changed as from 1 July 2007, and now customers that have Sky+ and subscribe to any BSkyB subscription package get Sky+ included at no extra charge. Customers that do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels can still pay a monthly fee to enable Sky+ functions. In January 2010 BSkyB discontinued the Sky+ Box, limited the standard Sky Box to Multiroom upgrade only and started to issue the Sky+HD Box as standard, thus giving all new subscribers the functions of Sky+. In February 2011 BSkyB discontinued the non-HD variant of its Multiroom box, offering a smaller version of the SkyHD box without Sky+ functionality. In September 2007, Sky launched a new TV advertising campaign targeting Sky+ at women. As of 31 March 2008, Sky had 3,393,000 Sky+ users.

Question: What service did BSkyB chare additional subscription fees for?


Answer: September 2007

Question: When did Sky launch a TV advertising campaign target towards women?


Answer: monthly fee

Question: WHat allows customers to get Sky+ functions if they do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels?


Answer: January 2010

Question: When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?


Answer: Sky+HD Box

Question: What replaced the Sky+Box?


Answer: VideoGuard

Context: BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders; they are not available as stand-alone DVB CAMs (conditional-access modules). BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service. The receivers, though designed and built by different manufacturers, must conform to the same user interface look-and-feel as all the others. This extends to the Personal video recorder (PVR) offering (branded Sky+).

Question: What is the name of the TV scrambling system BSkyB uses?


Answer: NDS

Question: Who is VideoGuard owned by?


Answer: Cisco Systems

Question: Who is the parent company of NDS?


Answer: BSkyB

Question: Who has design authority over all of the digital satellite receivers that are capable of using their service?


Answer: Sky+

Question: What is the name brand of the personal video recorder that BSkyB offers?


Answer: basic channels

Context: In 2007, BSkyB and Virgin Media became involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV. The failure to renew the existing carriage agreements negotiated with NTL and Telewest resulted in Virgin Media removing the basic channels from the network on 1 March 2007. Virgin Media claimed that BSkyB had substantially increased the asking price for the channels, a claim which BSkyB denied, on the basis that their new deal offered "substantially more value" by including HD channels and Video On Demand content which was not previously carried by cable.

Question: What channels were removed from the network in March of 2007?


Answer: 2007

Question: What year did BSkyB and Virgin Media have a dispute over the carriage of Sky Channels on cable TV?


Answer: substantially increased the asking price

Question: What did Virgin Media claim BSkyB did that resulted Virgin not carrying the channels anymore?


Answer: Video On Demand

Question: What additional srevice did BSkyB offer besides HD channels that they claimed offered "substantially more value"?


Answer: HD channels

Question: What additional srevice did BSkyB offer besides Video on Demand that they claimed offered "substantially more value"?


Answer: July 2013

Context: In July 2013, the English High Court of Justice found that Microsoft’s use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky’s right to the "Sky" trademark. On 31 July 2013, BSkyB and Microsoft announced their settlement, in which Microsoft will not appeal the ruling, and will rename its SkyDrive cloud storage service after an unspecified "reasonable period of time to allow for an orderly transition to a new brand," plus "financial and other terms, the details of which are confidential". On 27 January 2014, Microsoft announced "that SkyDrive will soon become OneDrive" and "SkyDrive Pro" becomes "OneDrive for Business".

Question: when did the English High court find Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right?


Answer: 2013

Question: What year did BSkyB and Microsoft announce their settlement?


Answer: OneDrive

Question: What did Microsoft announce that it would rename Sky Drive to?


Answer: OneDrive for Business

Question: What did Microsoft announce that it would rename Sky Drive Pro to?


Answer: cloud storage

Question: What kind of service is the SkyDrive Service?


Answer: Sam Chisholm

Context: The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch, of converting the company business strategy to an entirely fee-based concept. The new package included four channels formerly available free-to-air, broadcasting on Astra's satellites, as well as introducing new channels. The service continued until the closure of BSkyB's analogue service on 27 September 2001, due to the launch and expansion of the Sky Digital platform. Some of the channels did broadcast either in the clear or soft encrypted (whereby a Videocrypt decoder was required to decode, without a subscription card) prior to their addition to the Sky Multichannels package. Within two months of the launch, BSkyB gained 400,000 new subscribers, with the majority taking at least one premium channel as well, which helped BSkyB reach 3.5 million households by mid-1994. Michael Grade criticized the operations in front of the Select Committee on National Heritage, mainly for the lack of original programming on many of the new channels.

Question: Who was the chief executive officer when the service began?


Answer: Astra

Question: Who's satellites would the new free-to-air channels be broadcast from?


Answer: 27 September 2001

Question: When did BSkyB end their analogue service?


Answer: Sky Digital

Question: What platform caused BSkyB to end their analogue service?


Answer: 3.5 million

Question: How many households had BSkyB service in 1994?


Answer: BSkyB

Context: Sky UK Limited (formerly British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB) is a British telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband internet services and fixed line telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom. It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015. It was the UK's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007. Its corporate headquarters are based in Isleworth.

Question: Sky UK Limited is formerly known by what name?


Answer: telecommunications

Question: What kind of company is Sky UK Limited?


Answer: 11 million

Question: How many customers does Sky UK Limited have as a pay-TV broadcaster as of 2015?


Answer: Freeview

Question: what other digital TV service took Sky UK Limited's most popular spot?


Answer: Sky Q Hub

Context: On 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016. The Sky Q range consists of three set top boxes (Sky Q, Sky Q Silver and Sky Q Mini), a broadband router (Sky Q Hub) and mobile applications. The Sky Q set top boxes introduce a new user interface, Wi-Fi hotspot functionality, Power-line and Bluetooth connectivity and a new touch-sensitive remote control. The Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to the Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection rather than receive their own satellite feeds. This allows all set top boxes in a household to share recordings and other media. The Sky Q Silver set top box is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts, which Sky will introduce later in 2016.

Question: What is the name of Sky Q's broadband router?


Answer: Sky Q Silver set top boxes

Question: What are the Sky Q mini set top boxes able to connect to?


Answer: share recordings

Question: What does connecting different Sky Q boxes enable them to do?


Answer: 2016

Question: When is Sky going to introduce UHD broadcasts?


Answer: 2016

Question: When are the new Sky Q products going to be available?


Answer: DVB-compliant MPEG-2

Context: BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box. Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 standard. Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News, amongst other channels, provides a pseudo-video on demand interactive service by broadcasting looping video streams.

Question: What are BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts compliant with?


Answer: Dolby Digital

Question: Sky Movies and Sky Box office also include what optional soundtracks?


Answer: MPEG-4

Question: What is Sky+ HD material broadcast using?


Answer: OpenTV

Question: What is the proprietary system that Sky+HD uses?


Answer: DVB-S2

Question: What does most of the HD material use as a standard?


Answer: 1998

Context: When Sky Digital was launched in 1998 the new service used the Astra 2A satellite which was located at the 28.5°E orbital position, unlike the analogue service which was broadcast from 19.2°E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1 (now Eutelsat 33C) at 28.5°E), enabled the company to launch a new all-digital service, Sky, with the potential to carry hundreds of television and radio channels. The old position was shared with broadcasters from several European countries, while the new position at 28.5°E came to be used almost exclusively for channels that broadcast to the United Kingdom.

Question: When was Sky Digital launched?


Answer: Astra 2A

Question: What satellite was used when Sky digital was launched?


Answer: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

Question: What satellite enabled Sky Digital to launch an all new digital service?


Answer: hundreds

Question: How many television and radio channels could the new digital service carry?


Answer: 28.5°E

Question: What is the position of the satellite that allowed sky to broadcast channels almost elclusively for the United Kingdom?


Answer: 22 May 2006

Context: BSkyB launched its HDTV service, Sky+ HD, on 22 May 2006. Prior to its launch, BSkyB claimed that 40,000 people had registered to receive the HD service. In the week before the launch, rumours started to surface that BSkyB was having supply issues with its set top box (STB) from manufacturer Thomson. On Thursday 18 May 2006, and continuing through the weekend before launch, people were reporting that BSkyB had either cancelled or rescheduled its installation. Finally, the BBC reported that 17,000 customers had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries. On 31 March 2012, Sky announced the total number of homes with Sky+HD was 4,222,000.

Question: When did BSkyB launch it's HDTV service?


Answer: 40,000

Question: How many people were registered to receive the HD service prior to launch?


Answer: Thomson

Question: What was the name of the set top box manufacturer that BSkyB was having issues with?


Answer: 17,000

Question: What was the number of customers that the BBC reported had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries?


Answer: 4,222,000

Question: What was the total number of homes Sky announced that had Sky+HD in March of 2012?


Answer: 8 February 2007

Context: On 8 February 2007, BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels. It was proposed that these channels would offer a range of content from the BSkyB portfolio including sport (including English Premier League Football), films, entertainment and news. The announcement came a day after Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform, and on the same day that NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media. However, industry sources believe BSkyB will be forced to shelve plans to withdraw its channels from Freeview and replace them with subscription channels, due to possible lost advertising revenue.

Question: When did BSkyB announce it's intention to replace it's free-to-air digital channels?


Answer: March

Question: When did Setanta Sports say it would launch as a subscription service?


Answer: digital terrestrial

Question: What platform was Sentanta Sports planning on launching on?


Answer: Virgin Media

Question: What were NTL's services rebranded as?


Answer: English Premier League Football

Question: What does BSkyB's sport portfolio include?


Answer: free-to-view

Context: Provided is a universal Ku band LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation; most digital receivers will receive the free to air channels. Some broadcasts are free-to-air and unencrypted, some are encrypted but do not require a monthly subscription (known as free-to-view), some are encrypted and require a monthly subscription, and some are pay-per-view services. To view the encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver (all of which are dedicated to the Sky service, and cannot be used to decrypt other services) needs to be used. Unofficial CAMs are now available to view the service, although use of them breaks the user's contract with Sky and invalidates the user's rights to use the card.

Question: What are free-to-air encrypted broadcasts known as?


Answer: monthly subscription

Question: What do some encrypted broadcasts require to view?


Answer: VideoGuard UK

Question: What does a receiver have to be equipped with to view encrypted content?


Answer: Ku band

Question: What is the universal band that digital recievers will receive free to air channels on?


Answer: Sky

Question: What service is a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to decrypt?


Answer: 1991

Context: In the autumn of 1991, talks were held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five-year period, from the 1992 season. ITV were the current rights holders, and fought hard to retain the new rights. ITV had increased its offer from £18m to £34m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid. The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches, while BSkyB paying £304m for the Premier League rights, would give them a monopoly of all live matches, up to 60 per year from the 1992 season. Murdoch described sport as a "battering ram" for pay-television, providing a strong customer base. A few weeks after the deal, ITV went to the High Court to get an injunction as it believed their bid details had been leaked before the decision was taken. ITV also asked the Office of Fair Trading to investigate since it believed Rupert Murdoch's media empire via its newspapers had influenced the deal. A few days later neither action took effect, ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £262m bid, and Premier League advised BSkyB to increase its counter bid.

Question: When were the talks held for braodcast right to the Primier league for a five year period from the 1992 season?


Answer: ITV

Question: Who were the current rights holders for the Primer League?


Answer: £34m

Question: What did ITV increase their yearly offer for control of the rights to broadcast the Primer League to?


Answer: BBC

Question: Who was given the highlights of most of the matches?


Answer: £304m

Question: How much was BSkyB going to pay for the Primier League rights?


Answer: Ofcom

Context: BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG, with open access being an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom. Any channel which can get carriage on a suitable beam of a satellite at 28° East is entitled to access to BSkyB's EPG for a fee, ranging from £15–100,000. Third-party channels which opt for encryption receive discounts ranging from reduced price to free EPG entries, free carriage on a BSkyB leased transponder, or actual payment for being carried. However, even in this case, BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality.

Question: Who does BSkyB have an operating license from?


Answer: £15–100,000

Question: what is the fee range for accessing BSkyB's EPG?


Answer: no

Question: Can BSkyB veto the presence of channels on their EPG?


Answer: not

Question: Does BSkyB carry any control over a channels content?


Answer: not

Question: Does BSkyB carry any control over the picture quality of a channel?


Answer: 1 October 1998

Context: BSkyB's digital service was officially launched on 1 October 1998 under the name Sky Digital, although small-scale tests were carried out before then. At this time the use of the Sky Digital brand made an important distinction between the new service and Sky's analogue services. Key selling points were the improvement in picture and sound quality, increased number of channels and an interactive service branded Open.... now called Sky Active, BSkyB competed with the ONdigital (later ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services. Within 30 days, over 100,000 digiboxes had been sold, which help bolstered BSkyB's decision to give away free digiboxes and minidishes from May 1999.

Question: When was BSkyB's digital service launched?


Answer: Sky Digital

Question: What was the name of BSkyB's digital service launched under?


Answer: Sky Active

Question: What did BSkyB name their interactive service?


Answer: ONdigital

Question: Who did BSkyB compete with initially?


Answer: 100,000

Question: Within the 30 days how many digiboxes had been sold?


Answer: 2007

Context: Virgin Media (re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest) started to offer a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box, although from 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD channel, BBC HD, after the conclusion of the ITV HD trial. Virgin Media has claimed that other HD channels were "locked up" or otherwise withheld from their platform, although Virgin Media did in fact have an option to carry Channel 4 HD in the future. Nonetheless, the linear channels were not offered, Virgin Media instead concentrating on its Video On Demand service to carry a modest selection of HD content. Virgin Media has nevertheless made a number of statements over the years, suggesting that more linear HD channels are on the way.

Question: When was virgin media rebranded from NTL Telewest?


Answer: Virgin Media

Question: what was NTL Telewest re-branded to in 2007?


Answer: Video On Demand

Question: What did Virgin Media concentrate on instead of offering linear channels?


Answer: BBC HD

Question: What was the one linear HD channel Virgin Media carried from November 2006 to July 2009?


Answer: Channel 4 HD

Question: what was the name of the other HD channel Virgin media could carry in the future?


Answer: 10 million

Context: BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service became available in 10 million homes in 2010, Europe's first pay-TV platform in to achieve that milestone. Confirming it had reached its target, the broadcaster said its reach into 36% of households in the UK represented an audience of more than 25m people. The target was first announced in August 2004, since then an additional 2.4m customers had subscribed to BSkyB's direct-to-home service. Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe flattened.

Question: How many homes had BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service available to them in 2010?


Answer: 25m

Question: How large was the audience BSkyB said they could reach?


Answer: August 2004

Question: When did BSkyB first announce their target goal?


Answer: 36%

Question: What was the target percentage of households BSkyB wanted to reach?


Answer: flattened

Question: What was happening to subscriber numbers in other areas of europe?


Answer: Welfare Cash Card

Context: The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' "Sky TV bills to establish if a woman in receipt of benefits as a single mother is wrongly claiming to be living alone" – as, it claimed, subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the household. In December, the UK’s parliament heard a claim that a subscription to BSkyB was ‘often damaging’, along with alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on a "Welfare Cash Card", in the style of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, that could be used to buy only "essentials".

Question: What did Alec Shelbrooke propose payments of benefits to be made on?


Answer: essentials

Question: What could the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program purchase?


Answer: often damaging

Question: what did the UK parliment hear that a subscription to BSkyB was?


Answer: Sky TV bills

Question: What was the UK governments benefits agenchy checking in 2012?


Answer: a man's presence

Question: What did the benefits agency think sports channels on a TV bill meant?


Answer: £30m

Context: The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of £30m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments if their channels meet certain performance-related targets. Currently there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content which had previously been offered by BSkyB. As part of the agreements, both BSkyB and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels.

Question: What were the annual carriage fees for the channels?


Answer: no

Question: Does the new deal include Video on demand and High Definition?


Answer: Virgin Media

Question: What company agreed to terminate high court proceedings with BSkyB?


Answer: BSkyB

Question: What company agreed to terminate high court proceedings with Virgin Media?


Answer: basic channels

Question: What were high court proceedings being held about?