Answer: progressive

Question: The West saw themselves as what compared to the east?


Answer: nineteenth-century maps

Context: To better illustrate this idea, Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps during the "scramble for Africa". He states that maps "contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa". During his analysis of nineteenth-century cartographic techniques, he highlights the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory. This provided incentives for imperial and colonial powers to obtain "information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps".

Question: bassett focuses on what to illustrate his idea?


Answer: blank spaces on contemporary maps

Question: What provided an incentive to western empires to colonize Africa?


Answer: unexplored territory

Question: What were blank spaces used for on nineteenth-century maps?


Answer: nineteenth-century cartographic techniques

Question: What did Basset analyze before coming to his conclusions?


Answer: French

Question: Who besides the british colonized Africa?


Answer: the pre-Columbian era

Context: Imperialism has played an important role in the histories of Japan, Korea, the Assyrian Empire, the Chinese Empire, the Roman Empire, Greece, the Byzantine Empire, the Persian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Ancient Egypt, the British Empire, India, and many other empires. Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire, and of other war-lords. Historically recognized Muslim empires number in the dozens. Sub-Saharan Africa has also featured dozens of empires that predate the European colonial era, for example the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire. The Americas during the pre-Columbian era also had large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire.

Question: During which era did the Aztec and Incan empires thrive?


Answer: Genghis Khan

Question: Who used imperialism during their rule of the Mongol Empire?


Answer: dozens

Question: How many Muslim empires have used imperialism?


Answer: Ethiopian Empire

Question: Which is older the British Empire or the Ethiopian Empire?


Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa

Question: The Asante and Lunda Empires were in which region?


Answer: Cultural imperialism

Context: Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just "foreign" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants.

Question: When imperialism impacts social norms of a state, what is it called?


Answer: soft power

Question: What is Cultural Imperialism often referred to as?


Answer: Dallas

Question: Which American show changed the views of Romanians during the cold war?


Answer: Roman

Question: Which historic empire used cultural imperialism to sway local elites?


Answer: bans

Question: How do regimes fight against cultural imperialism?


Answer: around 1700

Context: The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700, saw (generally European) industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power.[citation needed] Although imperialist practices have existed for thousands of years, the term "Age of Imperialism" generally refers to the activities of European powers from the early 18th century through to the middle of the 20th century, for example, the "The Great Game" in Persian lands, the "Scramble for Africa" and the "Open Door Policy" in China.

Question: When did the age of Imperialism begin?


Answer: colonizing

Question: What were European countries doing during the 1700's?


Answer: thousands

Question: How many years have imperialistic practices existed?


Answer: middle of the 20th century

Question: When did the age of imperialism end?


Answer: Open Door Policy

Question: What was the name of the imperialistic policy in China?


Answer: 1919

Context: During the 20th century, historians John Gallagher (1919–1980) and Ronald Robinson (1920–1999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism. They claim that European imperialism was influential, and Europeans rejected the notion that "imperialism" required formal, legal control by one government over another country. "In their view, historians have been mesmerized by formal empire and maps of the world with regions colored red. The bulk of British emigration, trade, and capital went to areas outside the formal British Empire. Key to their thinking is the idea of empire 'informally if possible and formally if necessary.'"[attribution needed] Because of the resources made available by imperialism, the world's economy grew significantly and became much more interconnected in the decades before World War I, making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous.

Question: When was John Gallagher born?


Answer: 1999

Question: When did Ronald Robinson die?


Answer: historians

Question: What profession were Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher?


Answer: the world's economy

Question: What grew on a global scale as a result of imperialism?


Answer: many imperial powers

Question: Who was made rich and prosperous prior to World War 1


Answer: economic growth

Context: Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited the political weakness of the Mughal state, and, while military activity was important at various times, the economic and administrative incorporation of local elites was also of crucial significance" for the establishment of control over the subcontinent's resources, markets, and manpower. Although a substantial number of colonies had been designed to provide economic profit and to ship resources to home ports in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Fieldhouse suggests that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in places such as Africa and Asia, this idea is not necessarily valid:

Question: European imperialism was focused on what?


Answer: mid-18th century

Question: When did the colonization of India occur?


Answer: colonies

Question: What did European empires rely on to supply them with resources?


Answer: the Mughal state

Question: Who did Britain exploit in India?


Answer: communication

Context: Along with advancements in communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology. European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms. By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon. This technology gave European armies an advantage over their opponents, as armies in less-developed countries were still fighting with arrows, swords, and leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879).

Question: What advancements besides military technology did Europe achieve?


Answer: deadly explosives

Question: What did European chemists make that could be used in warfare?


Answer: the machine gun

Question: what was invented in 1880 that revolutionized warfare?


Answer: arrows, swords, and leather shields

Question: What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879?


Answer: European

Question: Which region invented the machine gun?


Answer: British

Context: In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on the British experience. The term "Imperialism" was originally introduced into English in its present sense in the late 1870s by opponents of the allegedly aggressive and ostentatious imperial policies of British prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. It was shortly appropriated by supporters of "imperialism" such as Joseph Chamberlain. For some, imperialism designated a policy of idealism and philanthropy; others alleged that it was characterized by political self-interest, and a growing number associated it with capitalist greed. Liberal John A. Hobson and Marxist Vladimir Lenin added a more theoretical macroeconomic connotation to the term. Lenin in particular exerted substantial influence over later Marxist conceptions of imperialism with his work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. In his writings Lenin portrayed Imperialism as a natural extension of capitalism that arose from need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower in such a way that necessitated colonial expansion. This conception of imperialism as a structural feature of capitalism is echoed by later Marxist theoreticians. Many theoreticians on the left have followed in emphasizing the structural or systemic character of "imperialism". Such writers have expanded the time period associated with the term so that it now designates neither a policy, nor a short space of decades in the late 19th century, but a world system extending over a period of centuries, often going back to Christopher Columbus and, in some accounts, to the Crusades. As the application of the term has expanded, its meaning has shifted along five distinct but often parallel axes: the moral, the economic, the systemic, the cultural, and the temporal. Those changes reflect - among other shifts in sensibility - a growing unease, even squeamishness, with the fact of power, specifically, Western power.

Question: Theories on imperialism use which country as a model?


Answer: in the late 1870s

Question: When did the term imperialism first come to be used by its current definition?


Answer: philanthropy

Question: What was the idealized value of imperialism?


Answer: to constantly expand investment

Question: According to Lenin why must capitalistic countries have an imperialistic policy?


Answer: aristocracy

Context: The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I, they remained active in the interwar years. Their combined work informed the study of imperialism and it's impact on Europe, as well as contributed to reflections on the rise of the military-political complex in the United States from the 1950s. Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation. Hobson theorized that state intervention through taxation could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order.

Question: some debate that there is a correlation between capitalism, imperialism, and what?


Answer: the 1950s

Question: When was the military-political complex reflected upon within the scope of understanding imperialism?


Answer: before World War I

Question: When were Joseph Schumpeter and Norman Angell at their most prolific writing period?


Answer: disease

Question: Hobson argued that imperialism was an international what?


Answer: taxation

Question: How did Hobson argue to rid the world of imperialism?


Answer: environmental determinism

Context: The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples. It was believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments were seen as "less civilized" therefore justifying colonial control as a civilizing mission. Across the three waves of European colonialism (first in the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa), environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy. This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality.

Question: What served as a justification for imposing imperialistic policies on certain peoples or regions?


Answer: the environment in which they lived

Question: What was thought to decide a person's behavior?


Answer: less civilized

Question: Humans in tropical environments were considered what?


Answer: Africa

Question: Europe first colonized the Americas, then Asia, but what continent was third?


Answer: orientalism and tropicality

Question: What were the two forms of environmental determinism?


Answer: geographic scholars

Context: According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires, the world could be split into climatic zones. These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy. The people of these climates were believed to be in need of guidance and intervention from the European empire to aid in the governing of a more evolved social structure; they were seen as incapable of such a feat. Similarly, orientalism is a view of a people based on their geographical location.

Question: Who thought the world could be split into climatic zones?


Answer: Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic

Question: Which regions have temperate climates?


Answer: guidance

Question: What did the the Europeans think the peoples in the tropics were in need of?


Answer: orientalism

Question: What was a similar view about the Asian continent called?


Answer: colonizing empires

Question: Who did the geographic scholars work for?


Answer: the sixteenth century

Context: Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India. In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.

Question: When is the earliest Britain had an imperialist policy?


Answer: 1599

Question: When was the British East India Company established?


Answer: Queen Elizabeth

Question: Who chartered the British East India Company?


Answer: exploitation

Question: What happened to the East India Trading Company in 1767?


Answer: the Portuguese

Question: Which country had trading posts in India before Britain?


Answer: 1830

Context: France took control of Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire. As it developed, the new empire took on roles of trade with France, supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items, as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language as well as Catholicism. It also provided crucial manpower in both World Wars.

Question: When did France take control of Algeria?


Answer: 1850

Question: When did France begin in earnest to rebuild its global empire?


Answer: Catholicism

Question: What religion did the French spread along with their imperialism?


Answer: Africa

Question: Where did France focus its efforts to rebuild its empire?


Answer: when Germany started to build her own

Question: When did French Republicans back building the French empire?


Answer: civilize the inferior

Context: It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full citizenship rights – ‘’assimilation’’ – were offered, although in reality assimilation was always on the distant horizon. Contrasting from Britain, France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria, where French settlers nevertheless always remained a small minority.

Question: Jules Ferry thought that the "higher races" have a duty to what?


Answer: assimilation

Question: What did France offer that was rare by imperial standards?


Answer: small numbers of settlers

Question: How did france differ from Britain in managing its colonies?


Answer: Christianity and French culture

Question: The French thought bringing what would uplift other regions?


Answer: Algeria

Question: Where did the French send a large number of settlers?


Answer: overseas colonies

Context: In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French leader at the time, Charles de Gaulle, decided to grant Algeria independence anyway in 1962. Its settlers and many local supporters relocated to France. Nearly all of France's colonies gained independence by 1960, but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence. It has repeatedly sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups d’état.

Question: Where did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French run operations during World War 2?


Answer: anti-colonial movements

Question: After 1945, what challenged the French empire?


Answer: Vietnam

Question: Where did France lose a war in the 1950's?


Answer: Algeria

Question: Where did France win a war in the 1950's


Answer: 1960

Question: By when did most of France's Colonies gain independence?


Answer: Scandinavia

Context: From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire. However, there was no real systemic continuity from the Western Roman Empire to its German successor which was famously described as "not holy, not Roman, and not an empire", as a great number of small states and principalities existed in the loosely autonomous confederation. Although by 1000 CE, the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe (west of and including Italy) was complete, excluding only Muslim Iberia. There was, however, little cultural integration or national identity, and "Germany" remained largely a conceptual term referring to an amorphous area of central Europe.

Question: Where were the Germanic tribes originally located?


Answer: Muslim Iberia

Question: What was the only region in Europe not conquered by the Germanic tribes?


Answer: middle period of classical antiquity

Question: When did the Germanic tribes claim territory in north and west Europe?


Answer: 800 CE

Question: By when did the Germanic tribes conquer the Celtic peoples?


Answer: central Europe

Question: Germany referred to which area more so than an actual country?


Answer: late 19th century

Context: Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.

Question: Germany doesn't have an imperialistic past until when?


Answer: 1862

Question: When was Otto von Bismarck born?


Answer: after the Franco-German War

Question: When was the the second German empire founded?


Answer: Napoleon

Question: Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?


Answer: Europe

Question: What was Germany's central interest?


Answer: the South Pacific

Context: However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige. He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884.

Question: Besides Africa, where did Germany have imperial interests?


Answer: prestige

Question: Colonies were a sign of what amongst European countries?


Answer: 1884

Question: When did Germany found their first settlement?


Answer: New Guinea

Question: What was the name of the first German settlement?


Answer: Hamburg merchants and traders

Question: Who influenced Bismark besides his neighbors?


Answer: Japan took part of Sakhalin Island

Context: During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands. In 1918, Japan occupied parts of far eastern Russia and parts of eastern Siberia as a participant in the Siberian Intervention. In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War, Japan had conquered much of the Far East, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean. Japan also invaded Thailand, pressuring the country into a Thai/Japanese alliance. Its colonial ambitions were ended by the victory of the United States in the Second World War and the following treaties which remanded those territories to American administration or their original owners.

Question: What happened as a result of the Russo-Japanese War?


Answer: 1894

Question: When was the first Sino-Japanese War?


Answer: Thailand

Question: Which country did Japan force into an alliance?


Answer: Manchuria

Question: Which area of China did Japan conquer in 1931?


Answer: China

Context: Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization" [korenizatsiia] was intended to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework. Never formally revoked, it stopped being implemented after 1932. After World War II, the Soviet Union installed socialist regimes modeled on those it had installed in 1919–20 in the old Tsarist Empire in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China supported post–World War II communist movements in foreign nations and colonies to advance their own interests, but were not always successful.

Question: Who along with Russia supported post WW-II communist movements?


Answer: 1932

Question: When was the Russian Policy "Indigenization" defunded?


Answer: Lenin

Question: Who asserted Russia's right to "self-determination?"


Answer: Eastern Europe

Question: After WW-II where did Russia apply its old Tsarist regimes?


Answer: Bolshevik leaders

Question: Who had established the Russian empire to its former glory prior to 1921?


Answer: a world revolution

Context: Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.

Question: Trotsky thought what was needed for a true Russian revolution.


Answer: Lenin

Question: Who wrote that imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism?


Answer: Mao Zedong

Question: Who argued that the USSR had itself become an imperialist power?


Answer: Nikita Khrushchev

Question: Who was the leader of Russia in the 1960's?


Answer: socialism in one country

Question: What policy did Stalin implement shortly after Lenin's Death?


Answer: mercantilism

Context: The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through control of trade and finance in Latin America after the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820. By the 1840s, Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of free trade that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world. After losing its first Empire to the Americans, Britain then turned its attention towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain enjoyed a century of almost unchallenged dominance and expanded its imperial holdings around the globe. Increasing degrees of internal autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies in the 20th century.

Question: What was the first British empire based on?


Answer: 1776

Question: When did Great Britain lose its colonies in North America?


Answer: free trade

Question: What policy gave Britain dominance in world trade?


Answer: about 1820

Question: When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance.


Answer: 1815

Question: When was the defeat of Napoleonic France?


Answer: The British Empire

Context: A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race formed an ideological underpinning during this time. Other influential spokesmen included Lord Cromer, Lord Curzon, General Kitchner, Lord Milner, and the writer Rudyard Kipling. The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population. Its power, both military and economic, remained unmatched.

Question: By the late 19th century, which country had the largest empire ever to exist in the world?


Answer: pseudo-sciences

Question: What kinds of sciences were Social Darwinism and theories of race?


Answer: The British spirit of imperialism

Question: Rudyard Kipling was an influential spokesman for what?


Answer: Middle East

Question: In which continent besides Asia were major gains made by the British Empire in the late 19th century?


Answer: the Monroe Doctrine

Context: The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilson’s mission to "make the world safe for democracy" changed all this. They were often backed by military force, but were more often affected from behind the scenes. This is consistent with the general notion of hegemony and imperium of historical empires. In 1898, Americans who opposed imperialism created the Anti-Imperialist League to oppose the US annexation of the Philippines and Cuba. One year later, a war erupted in the Philippines causing business, labor and government leaders in the US to condemn America's occupation in the Philippines as they also denounced them for causing the deaths of many Filipinos. American foreign policy was denounced as a "racket" by Smedley Butler, an American general. He said, "Looking back on it, I might have given Al Capone a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts. I operated on three continents".

Question: How did the United States plan to subdue imperialistic tendencies?


Answer: interventionism

Question: What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of imperialism?


Answer: a war erupted

Question: What caused the US public to condemn the occupation of the philippines?


Answer: the Philippines

Question: Which country besides the Cuba did the United states try to annex in 1898?


Answer: a "racket"

Question: What did Smedley Butler call US foreign Policy?


Answer: Isiah Bowman

Context: One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer.

Question: Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914?


Answer: 1917

Question: When was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Wilson's Inquiry?


Answer: American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference

Question: Who besides Woodrow Wilson himself had the idea for the inquiry?


Answer: U.S authorship of a 'new world'

Question: What was the premise of Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?


Answer: Wilson's geographer

Question: What was Isiah Bowman nick name, as known by the public.


Answer: internal strife

Context: Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism in the form of political and financial hegemony. This internal form of imperialism is also distinct from the United States' formation of "colonies" abroad. Through the treatment of its indigenous peoples during westward expansion, the United States took on the form of an imperial power prior to any attempts at external imperialism. This internal form of empire has been referred to as "internal colonialism". Participation in the African slave trade and the subsequent treatment of its 12 to 15 million Africans is viewed by some to be a more modern extension of America's "internal colonialism". However, this internal colonialism faced resistance, as external colonialism did, but the anti-colonial presence was far less prominent due to the nearly complete dominance that the United States was able to assert over both indigenous peoples and African-Americans. In his lecture on April 16, 2003, Edward Said made a bold statement on modern imperialism in the United States, whom he described as using aggressive means of attack towards the contemporary Orient, "due to their backward living, lack of democracy and the violation of women’s rights. The western world forgets during this process of converting the other that enlightenment and democracy are concepts that not all will agree upon".

Question: Some people describe what between individuals or groups as imperialism or colonialism?


Answer: "internal colonialism"

Question: the US expansion Westward could be viewed as what type of colonialism?


Answer: 12 to 15 million

Question: How many Africans were brought into the United States during the slave trade?


Answer: the contemporary Orient

Question: Who does Edward Said say is being attacked by US imperialism?


Answer: 1923

Context: The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.

Question: When did the Ottoman Empire fall?


Answer: Suleiman the Magnificent

Question: Who reigned over the Ottoman empire when it was at its most powerful.


Answer: 32

Question: How many provinces did the Ottoman empire contain in the 17th century?


Answer: Europe

Question: The Ottoman empire controlled territory on three continents, Africa, Asia and which other?


Answer: During the 16th and 17th centuries

Question: When was the Ottoman empire at its height?


Answer: Istanbul

Context: With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, but it dissolved in the aftermath of World War I, leading to the emergence of the new state of Turkey in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states, thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions.

Question: What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?


Answer: Germany

Question: Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in WW I?


Answer: World War I

Question: What ended Turkish imperial Ambitions?


Answer: Turkey

Question: Which country today is a remnant of the Ottoman empire?


Answer: United Methodist Church

Context: The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination. In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley in England as well as the Great Awakening in the United States. As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan. It embraces both liturgical and evangelical elements.

Question: What does UMC stand for?


Answer: mainline Protestant Methodist denomination

Question: What is the United Methodist Church?


Answer: 1968

Question: When was the UMC founded?


Answer: union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church

Question: Who founded the UMC?


Answer: Wesleyan

Question: What is the church's theological orientation?


Answer: United Methodist Church

Context: The United Methodist Church is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement, which has approximately 80 million adherents across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the third largest Christian denomination. As of 2014, worldwide membership was about 12 million: 7.2 million in the United States, and 4.4 million in Africa, Asia and Europe. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, and other religious associations. In 2015, Pew Research estimated that 3.6% of the U.S population, or 9 million adult adherents, self-identify with the United Methodist Church revealing a much larger number of adherents than registered membership.

Question: What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?


Answer: 80 million

Question: Approximately how many adherents does the United Methodist Church have across the world?


Answer: mainline Protestant denomination

Question: In the United States the UMC ranks as the largest what?


Answer: 3.6%

Question: What percentage of the U.S. population self-identify with UMC?


Answer: mid-18th century

Context: The movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield, met on the Oxford University campus. They focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a holy life. Other students mocked them, saying they were the "Holy Club" and "the Methodists", being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study, opinions and disciplined lifestyle. Eventually, the so-called Methodists started individual societies or classes for members of the Church of England who wanted to live a more religious life.

Question: When did the movement that would become The United Methodist Church begin?


Answer: within the Church of England

Question: Where did the movement that would become The United Methodist Church begin?


Answer: being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study

Question: Why was the student group called "the Methodists?"


Answer: 1735

Context: In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia. In less than two years, the "Holy Club" disbanded. John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected. He said "they appeared to be of one heart, as well as of one judgment, resolved to be Bible-Christians at all events; and, wherever they were, to preach with all their might plain, old, Bible Christianity". The ministers retained their membership in the Church of England. Though not always emphasized or appreciated in the Anglican churches of their day, their teaching emphasized salvation by God's grace, acquired through faith in Christ. Three teachings they saw as the foundation of Christian faith were:

Question: In what year did John and Charles Wesley come to America to teach the gospel?


Answer: colony of Georgia

Question: In 1735, where did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel in America?


Answer: American Indians

Question: In 1735, who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to in America?


Answer: salvation by God's grace

Question: What did "The Holy Club's" teachings emphasize?


Answer: American Revolution

Context: Though John Wesley originally wanted the Methodists to stay within the Church of England, the American Revolution decisively separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church. In 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop to start a new church in the colonies, Wesley decisively appointed fellow priest Thomas Coke as superintendent (bishop) to organize a separate Methodist Society. Together with Coke, Wesley sent a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784, officially establishing the Methodist Episcopal Church. The conference was held at the Lovely Lane Methodist Church, considered the Mother Church of American Methodism.

Question: What caused the separation of the Methodists in the American colonies?


Answer: 1784

Question: When did Wesley appoint Thomas Coke as bishop?


Answer: Thomas Coke

Question: Who did Wesley appoint as bishop in 1784?


Answer: Lovely Lane Methodist Church

Question: Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784 held?


Answer: Lovely Lane Methodist Church

Question: What is considered the Mother Church of American Methodism?


Answer: St. George's United Methodist Church

Context: St. George's United Methodist Church, located at the corner of 4th and New Streets, in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States, beginning in 1769. The congregation was founded in 1767, meeting initially in a sail loft on Dock Street, and in 1769 it purchased the shell of a building which had been erected in 1763 by a German Reformed congregation. At this time, Methodists had not yet broken away from the Anglican Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church was not founded until 1784.

Question: What church is located at the corner of 4th and New Streets in Philadelphia?


Answer: St. George's United Methodist Church

Question: What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?


Answer: 1767

Question: When was the congregation at St. George's founded?


Answer: sail loft on Dock Street

Question: Where did the congregation at St. George's initially meet in 1767?


Answer: 1784

Question: When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?


Answer: Richard Allen and Absalom Jones

Context: Richard Allen and Absalom Jones became the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church. They were licensed by St. George's Church in 1784. Three years later, protesting racial segregation in the worship services, Allen led most of the black members out of St. George's; eventually they founded the Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church and the African Methodist Episcopal denomination. Absalom Jones became an Episcopal priest. In 1836, the church's basement was excavated to make room for a Sunday School. In the 1920s a court case saved the church from being demolished to make way for the Benjamin Franklin Bridge. The case resulted in the bridge being relocated. Historic St Georges welcomes visitors and is home to archives and a museum on Methodism.

Question: Who became the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?


Answer: St. George's Church

Question: Richard Allen and Absalom Jones were licensed by what church?


Answer: 1784

Question: Richard Allen and Absalom Jones were licensed by St. George's Church in what year?


Answer: 1830

Context: In the more than 220 years since 1784, Methodism in the United States, like many other Protestant denominations, has seen a number of divisions and mergers. In 1830, the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church over the issue of laity having a voice and vote in the administration of the church, insisting that clergy should not be the only ones to have any determination in how the church was to be operated. In 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops in the denomination.

Question: When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?


Answer: issue of laity having a voice and vote in the administration of the church

Question: Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?


Answer: 1844

Question: When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?


Answer: because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops in the denomination

Question: Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?


Answer: April 23, 1968

Context: On April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created when the Evangelical United Brethren Church (represented by Bishop Reuben H. Mueller) and The Methodist Church (represented by Bishop Lloyd Christ Wicke) joined hands at the constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas. With the words, "Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee, in Thy Church and now in The United Methodist Church" the new denomination was given birth by the two churches that had distinguished histories and influential ministries in various parts of the world.

Question: When was the United Methodist Church created?


Answer: constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas

Question: Where did two leaders join hands and "give birth" to a new denomination?


Answer: Bishop Lloyd Christ Wicke

Question: Who was one man who joined hands and said "Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee...?"


Answer: holy catholic (or universal) church

Context: The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of the holy catholic (or universal) church and it recognizes the historic ecumenical creeds, the Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed; which are used frequently in services of worship. The Book of Discipline also recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon. It upholds the concept of the "visible and invisible Church," meaning that all who are truly believers in every age belong to the holy Church invisible, while the United Methodist Church is a branch of the Church visible, to which all believers must be connected as it is the only institution wherein the Word of God is preached and the Sacraments are administered.

Question: The UMC understands itself to be part of what church?


Answer: The Book of Discipline

Question: What book recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed?


Answer: meaning that all who are truly believers in every age belong to the holy Church invisible

Question: What is the concept of the visible and invisible Church?


Answer: result of the American Revolution

Context: Some argue that The United Methodist Church can lay a claim on apostolic succession, as understood in the traditional sense. As a result of the American Revolution, John Wesley was compelled in 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters, Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat. Dr. Thomas Coke, already an Anglican priest, assisted Wesley in this action. Coke was then "set apart" as a superintendent (bishop) by Wesley and dispatched with Vasey and Whatcoat to America to take charge of Methodist activities there. In defense of his action to ordain, Wesley himself cited an ancient opinion from the Church of Alexandria, which held that bishops and presbyters constituted one order and therefore, bishops are to be elected from and by the presbyterate. He knew that for two centuries the succession of bishops in the Church of Alexandria was preserved through ordination by presbyters alone and was considered valid by the ancient church. Methodists today who would argue for apostolic succession would do so on these grounds.

Question: Why was Wesley compelled to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters?


Answer: Dr. Thomas Coke

Question: Who assisted Wesley with ordaining Whatcoat and Vasey as presbyters?


Answer: Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat.

Question: Who were the two lay preachers that Wesley ordained as presbyters?


Answer: 1968

Context: While many United Methodist congregations operate in the evangelical tradition, others reflect the mainline Protestant traditions. Although United Methodist practices and interpretation of beliefs have evolved over time, these practices and beliefs can be traced to the writings of the church's founders, especially John Wesley and Charles Wesley (Anglicans), but also Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm (United Brethren), and Jacob Albright (Evangelical Association). With the formation of The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler led the team which systematized denominational doctrine. Outler's work proved pivotal in the work of union, and he is largely considered the first United Methodist theologian.

Question: When was the UMC formed?


Answer: John Wesley and Charles Wesley

Question: Who were two of the founders of the United Methodist Church?


Answer: Albert C. Outler

Question: In 1968, who led the team which systematized denominational doctrine?


Answer: Albert C. Outler

Question: Who is largely considered the first United Methodist theologian?


Answer: Prevenient grace

Context: Prevenient grace, or the grace that "goes before" us, is given to all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God through Jesus Christ. This grace is the present work of God to turn us from our sin-corrupted human will to the loving will of the Father. In this work, God desires that we might sense both our sinfulness before God and God's offer of salvation. Prevenient grace allows those tainted by sin to nevertheless make a truly free choice to accept or reject God's salvation in Christ.

Question: What is the grace that "goes before us?"


Answer: Prevenient grace

Question: What is that power that enables us to love?


Answer: the grace that "goes before" us

Question: What is Prevenient grace?


Answer: Prevenient grace

Question: Prevenient grace allowas those tainted by what to make a choice to accept or reject God's salvation in Christ?


Answer: Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace

Context: Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace is that grace, offered by God to all people, that we receive by faith and trust in Christ, through which God pardons the believer of sin. It is in justifying grace we are received by God, in spite of our sin. In this reception, we are forgiven through the atoning work of Jesus Christ on the cross. The justifying grace cancels our guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor. Today, justifying grace is also known as conversion, "accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior," or being "born again". John Wesley originally called this experience the New Birth. This experience can occur in different ways; it can be one transforming moment, such as an altar call experience, or it may involve a series of decisions across a period of time.

Question: What is the grace that we receive by faith and trust in God?


Answer: justifying grace

Question: What cancels our guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor?


Answer: conversion

Question: What is justifying grace also known as today?


Answer: conversion

Question: What is another name for being born again?


Answer: New Birth

Question: What did John Wesley originally call the experience of conversion?


Answer: grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection

Context: Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection: a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves. Sanctifying grace enables us to respond to God by leading a Spirit-filled and Christ-like life aimed toward love. Wesley never claimed this state of perfection for himself but instead insisted the attainment of perfection was possible for all Christians. Here the English Reformer parted company with both Luther and Calvin, who denied that a man would ever reach a state in this life in which he could not fall into sin. Such a man can lose all inclination to evil and can gain perfection in this life.

Question: What is Sanctifying Grace?


Answer: Sanctifying Grace

Question: What is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey towards Christian Perfection?


Answer: a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves

Question: What is Christian Perfection?


Answer: Christian Perfection

Question: What is a genuine love of God with heart, soul and mind?


Answer: Wesleyan theology

Context: Wesleyan theology stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental, between liturgical and charismatic, and between Anglo-Catholic and Reformed theology and practice. It has been characterized as Arminian theology with an emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit to bring holiness into the life of the participating believer. The United Methodist Church believes in prima scriptura, seeing the Holy Bible as the primary authority in the Church and using sacred tradition, reason, and experience to interpret it, with the aid of the Holy Spirit (see Wesleyan Quadrilateral). Therefore, according to The Book of Discipline, United Methodist theology is at once "catholic, evangelical, and reformed." Today, the UMC is generally considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations with respect to race, gender, and ideology, though the denomination itself actually includes a very wide spectrum of attitudes. Comparatively, the UMC stands to the right of liberal and progressive Protestant groups such as the United Church of Christ and the Episcopal Church on certain issues (especially regarding sexuality), but to the left of historically conservative evangelical traditions such as the Southern Baptists and Pentecostalism, in regard to theological matters such as social justice and Biblical interpretation. However, it should be noted that the UMC is made up of a broad diversity of thought, and so there are many clergy and laity within the UMC that hold differing viewpoints on such theological matters.

Question: What has been characterized as Arminian theology with an emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit?


Answer: prima scriptura

Question: What is seeing the Holy Bible as the primary authority in the Church?


Answer: UMC

Question: Today, which church is generally considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations?


Answer: Book of Discipline

Question: What states that United Methodist theology is at once "catholic, evangelical and reformed?"


Answer: 2008

Context: The United Methodist Church upholds the sanctity of human life both of the child and the mother. As a result, the church is "reluctant to affirm abortion as an acceptable practice," and condemns the use of late-term or partial birth abortion except as a medical necessity. The denomination as a whole is committed to "assist[ing] the ministry of crisis pregnancy centers and pregnancy resource centers that compassionately help women find feasible alternatives to abortion." Still, the denomination is pro-choice and also "was a founding member of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice...[and] 2008 General Conference [went] on record in support of the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice".

Question: When did the General Conference go on record in support of the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?


Answer: pro-choice

Question: Is the UMC pro-life or pro-choice?


Answer: Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice

Question: The UMC was a founding member of what coalition?


Answer: The General Board of Church and Society, and the United Methodist Women

Context: The church also holds that they "are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of the mother, for whom devastating damage may result from an unacceptable pregnancy. In continuity with past Christian teaching, we recognize tragic conflicts of life with life that may justify abortion, and in such cases we support the legal option of abortion under proper medical procedures." As such, two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice's governing coalition, The General Board of Church and Society, and the United Methodist Women. The church cautions that "Governmental laws and regulations do not provide all the guidance required by the informed Christian conscience." The Church emphasizes the need to be in supportive ministry with all women, regardless of their choice.

Question: What are two official bodies of the UMC governing coalition?


Answer: all women

Question: The church emphasizes the need to be in supportive ministry of what group?


Answer: the mother

Question: The church holds that they are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of whom?


Answer: Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality (

Context: Members of the United Methodist Church who identify with the pro-life position have organized into the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality (TUMAS) to further their position within the denomination. There was an attempt to withdraw the United Methodist Church membership in the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice at their General Conference, held in May 2012, with a petition that passed through the legislative subcommittee and committee votes, but was not given a floor vote. Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth, president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality said he "had every reason to believe" that pro-life delegates would have won a floor vote.

Question: What is the taskforce that was organized to identify with the pro-life position?


Answer: 2012

Question: In what year was there an attempt to withdraw the UMC membership?


Answer: Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth

Question: Who is the president of TUMAS?


Answer: temperance movement

Context: Historically, the Methodist Church has supported the temperance movement. John Wesley warned against the dangers of drinking in his famous sermon, "The Use of Money," and in his letter to an alcoholic. At one time, Methodist ministers had to take a pledge not to drink and encouraged their congregations to do the same. Today the United Methodist Church states that it "affirms our long-standing support of abstinence from alcohol as a faithful witness to God's liberating and redeeming love for persons." In fact, the United Methodist Church uses unfermented grape juice in the sacrament of Holy Communion, thus "expressing pastoral concern for recovering alcoholics, enabling the participation of children and youth, and supporting the church's witness of abstinence." Moreover, in 2011 and 2012, The United Methodist Church's General Board of Church and Society called on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent.

Question: Historically, which movement has the Methodist Church supported?


Answer: 2011 and 2012

Question: When did the UMC's General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?


Answer: The Use of Money

Question: What was the name of Wesley's famous sermon in which he warned against the dangers of drinking?


Answer: unfermented grape juice

Question: What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of the Holy Communion?


Answer: capital punishment

Context: The United Methodist Church, along with other Methodist churches, condemns capital punishment, saying that it cannot accept retribution or social vengeance as a reason for taking human life. The Church also holds that the death penalty falls unfairly and unequally upon marginalized persons including the poor, the uneducated, ethnic and religious minorities, and persons with mental and emotional illnesses. The United Methodist Church also believes that Jesus explicitly repudiated the lex talionis in Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7. The General Conference of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment and for governments to enact an immediate moratorium on carrying out the death penalty sentence.

Question: The UMC condemns what type of punishment?


Answer: John 8:7.

Question: The UMC believes that Jesus abolished the death penalty in what Bible verse?


Answer: Matthew 5:38-39

Question: The UMC believes that Jesus repudiated the les talionis in what BIble verses?


Answer: The General Conference

Question: What part of the UMC calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?


Answer: same-sex unions

Context: In addition, the United Methodist Church prohibits the celebration of same-sex unions. Rev. Jimmy Creech was defrocked after a highly publicized church trial in 1999 on account of his participation in same-sex union ceremonies. It forbids any United Methodist board, agency, committee, commission, or council to give United Methodist funds to any gay organization or group, or otherwise use such funds to promote the acceptance of homosexuality. Other ministers have been defrocked for officiating at same-sex weddings and several trials of others are scheduled. Still, some congregations have sought other ways to recognize same-sex couples. For example, one congregation hosted a proposal for a same-sex couple announcing their engagement. Moreover, some churches, especially in 2016 after same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, have provided blessings for same-sex marriages. In April of 2016, a United Methodist bishop made a bold statement by performing a same-sex marriage in church as a clear sign of his advocacy for change.

Question: The UMC prohibits the celebration of what type of unions?


Answer: 1999

Question: In what year was the trial of Rev. Jimmy Creech?


Answer: 2016

Question: In what year was same-sex marriage legalized nationwide?


Answer: Connectional Table

Context: Nevertheless, The United Methodist Church "implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends" and commits itself to be in ministry with all persons, affirming that God's grace, love, and forgiveness is available to all. Additionally, many organizations, conferences, and congregations have recently called for broader acceptance of the LGBT community within the UMC. For example, the Connectional Table, a governing committee, has voted in favor of a proposal that calls for a localized option, which would permit ministers to officiate same-sex weddings, and it would allow conferences to ordain gay clergy. Moreover, many conferences have taken a position by voting in favor of same-gender marriages with resolutions.

Question: What is the governing committee that voted in favor of a proposal that would permit ministers to officiate same-sex weddings?


Answer: LGBT

Question: Many organizations have recently called for broader acceptance of which community?


Answer: same-gender marriages with resolutions

Question: Many conferences have taking a position by voting in favor of what?


Answer: 1987

Context: In 1987, a United Methodist church court in New Hampshire defrocked Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman for openly living with a same-sex partner. In 2005, clergy credentials were removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud after she was convicted in a church trial of violating church law by engaging in a lesbian relationship; this conviction was later upheld by the Judicial Council, the highest court in the denomination. The Judicial Council also affirmed that a Virginia pastor had the right to deny local church membership to a man in an openly gay relationship. This affirmation, however, was based upon a senior pastor's right to judge the readiness of a congregant to join as a full member of the church. However, at the same time, the UMC Judicial Council, in 2008, ruled that conferences can determine their own policy related to transgender pastors, and therefore some regional conferences have voted to recognize ordained transgender pastors. The Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate.

Question: In what year was Rose Mary Denman defrocked for openly living with a same-sex partner?


Answer: 2005

Question: In what year was Irene Elizabeth Stroud convicted in a church trial?


Answer: Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC

Question: What group has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?


Answer: conscription

Context: The United Methodist Church opposes conscription as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture. Therefore, the Church supports and extends its ministry to those persons who conscientiously oppose all war, or any particular war, and who therefore refuse to serve in the armed forces or to cooperate with systems of military conscription. However, the United Methodist Church also supports and extends its ministry to those persons who conscientiously choose to serve in the armed forces or to accept alternative service. The church also states that "as Christians they are aware that neither the way of military action, nor the way of inaction is always righteous before God."

Question: What does the UMC oppose as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture?


Answer: the way of military action

Question: The church states that, as Christians, they are aware that neither the way of what is righteous before God?"


Answer: all war

Question: The Church supports those persons who conscientiously oppose what?


Answer: Christ's message and teachings

Context: The United Methodist Church maintains that war is incompatible with Christ's message and teachings. Therefore, the Church rejects war as an instrument of national foreign policy, to be employed only as a last resort in the prevention of such evils as genocide, brutal suppression of human rights, and unprovoked international aggression. It insists that the first moral duty of all nations is to resolve by peaceful means every dispute that arises between or among them; that human values must outweigh military claims as governments determine their priorities; that the militarization of society must be challenged and stopped; that the manufacture, sale, and deployment of armaments must be reduced and controlled; and that the production, possession, or use of nuclear weapons be condemned. Consequently, the United Methodist Church endorses general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.

Question: The UMC maintains that war is incompatible with what?


Answer: instrument of national foreign policy

Question: The Church rejects was as an instrument of what?


Answer: general and complete disarmament

Question: What does the UMC endorse under strict and effective international control?


Answer: The Sexual Ethics Task Force of The United Methodist Church

Context: The United Methodist Church teaches that pornography is "about violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion" and "deplore[s] all forms of commercialization, abuse, and exploitation of sex." The Sexual Ethics Task Force of The United Methodist Church states that "Research shows it [pornography] is not an 'innocent activity.' It is harmful and is generally addictive. Persons who are addicted to pornography are physiologically altered, as is their perspective, relationships with parishioners and family, and their perceptions of girls and women."

Question: Which task force states that pornography is harmful?


Answer: violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion

Question: The UMC teaches that pornography is about what?


Answer: girls and women

Question: According to the UMC, persons who are addicted to pornography have altered perceptions of whom?


Answer: IVF

Context: The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for IVF that remain after the procreative efforts have ceased, if the embryos were provided for research instead of being destroyed, were not obtained by sale, and those donating had given prior informed consent for the research purposes. The UMC stands in "opposition to the creation of embryos for the sake of research" as "a human embryo, even at its earliest stages, commands our reverence." It supports research on stem cells retrieved from umbilical cords and adult stem cells, stating that there are "few moral questions" raised by this issue.

Question: The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for what purpose?


Answer: stem cells

Question: The UMC supports research on what cells retrieved from umbilical cords?


Answer: research

Question: The UMC stands in oppopsition to the creation of embroys for the sake of what?


Answer: Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America

Context: The common pattern comes from John Wesley, who wrote that "there is no Liturgy in the world, either in ancient or modern language, which breathes more of a solid, scriptural, rational piety, than the Common Prayer of the Church of England." When the Methodists in America were separated from the Church of England, John Wesley himself provided a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America. Wesley's Sunday Service has shaped the official liturgies of the Methodists ever since.

Question: What is the revised version of The Book of Common Prayer called?


Answer: When the Methodists in America were separated from the Church of England

Question: When did John Wesley provide a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?


Answer: The Book of Common Prayer

Question: The Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America was a revised version of what book?


Answer: Africa

Context: Like other historic Christian churches, The United Methodist Church has official liturgies for services of Holy Communion, baptism, weddings, funerals, ordination, anointing of the sick and daily office prayer services. Some clergy offer healing services, while exorcism is an occasional practice by some clergy in The United Methodist Church in Africa. These services involve the laying on of hands and anointing with oil. Along with these, there are also special services for holy days such as All Saints Day, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter Vigil. These services are contained in The United Methodist Hymnal and The United Methodist Book of Worship (1992). Many of these liturgies are derived from the Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer. In most cases, congregations also use other elements of liturgical worship, such as candles, vestments, paraments, banners, and liturgical art.

Question: In what country does some clergy in the UMC occasionally practice exorcism?


Answer: Book of Common Prayer

Question: Many liturgies are derived from what book?


Answer: anointing with oil

Question: Healing services involve the laying on of hands and what else?


Answer: Methodist institutions

Context: Methodist institutions may be named after a biblical figure (e.g., "St. James UMC"). Methodists also honor notable heroes and heroines of the Christian faith and look to these prominent saints as providing examples of holy living and commitment to Christ that are worthy of imitation (see 1 Corinthians 11:1). Such exemplary saints include martyrs, confessors of the Faith, evangelists, or important biblical figures such as Saint Matthew, Lutheran theologian and martyr to the Nazis Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Salvation Army Founder William Booth, African missionary David Livingstone and Methodism's revered founder John Wesley are among many cited as Protestant saints.

Question: What may be named after a biblical figure?


Answer: William Booth

Question: Who is the founder of the Salvation Army?


Answer: John Wesley

Question: Who is Methodism's revered founder?


Answer: United Methodist Church

Context: The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the church. The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline which is revised after each General Conference. Non-legislative resolutions are recorded in the Book of Resolutions, which is published after each General Conference, and expire after eight years unless passed again by a subsequent session of General Conference. The last General Conference was held in Tampa, Florida, in 2012. The event is currently rotated between the U.S. jurisdictions of the church. The 2016 General Conference will be in Portland, Oregon. Bishops, Councils, Committees, Boards, Elders, etc., are not permitted to speak on behalf of The United Methodist Church as this authority is reserved solely for the General Conference in accordance with the Book of Discipline.

Question: What church is organized into conferences?


Answer: General Conference

Question: What is the only organization which may speak officially for the church?


Answer: The Book of Discipline

Question: What book is revised after every General Conference?


Answer: General Conference

Question: What is the highest level of the UMC?


Answer: every four years

Question: How often does the General Conference meet?


Answer: five

Context: Subordinate to the General Conference are the jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years. The United States is divided into five jurisdictions: Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western. Outside the United States the church is divided into seven central conferences: Africa, Congo, West Africa, Central & Southern Europe, Germany, Northern Europe and the Philippines. The main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences is to elect and appoint bishops, the chief administrators of the church. Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas, which consist of one or more Annual Conferences.

Question: The United States is divided into how many jurisdictions?


Answer: seven

Question: How many central conferences are outside of the United States?


Answer: to elect and appoint bishops

Question: What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?


Answer: bishops

Question: Who are the chief administrators of the church?


Answer: Episcopal Areas

Question: What consist of one ore more Annual Conferences?


Answer: Mission Council

Context: Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council (usually consisting of church bishops). One of the most high profile decisions in recent years by one of the councils was a decision by the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction which in March 2007 approved a 99-year lease of 36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library. The decision generated controversy in light of Bush's support of the Iraq War which the church bishops have criticized. A debate over whether the decision should or could be submitted for approval by the Southern Jurisdictional Conference at its July 2008 meeting in Dallas, Texas, remains unresolved.

Question: Who makes decisions in between the four-year meetings?


Answer: church bishops

Question: The Mission Council usually consists of whom?


Answer: 36

Question: In March 2007, the Mission Council of the South Central jurisdiction approved a 99-year lease on how many acres?


Answer: for the George W. Bush Presidential Library

Question: Why was the 36 acres leased?


Answer: Southern Methodist University

Question: Where is the George W. Bush Presidential library?


Answer: nine

Context: The Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination. It consists of nine members, both laity and clergy, elected by the General Conference for an eight-year term. The ratio of laity to clergy alternates every eight years. The Judicial Council interprets the Book of Discipline between sessions of General Conference, and during General Conference, the Judicial Council rules on the constitutionality of laws passed by General Conference. The Council also determines whether actions of local churches, annual conferences, church agencies, and bishops are in accordance with church law. The Council reviews all decisions of law made by bishops The Judicial Council cannot create any legislation; it can only interpret existing legislation. The Council meets twice a year at various locations throughout the world. The Judicial Council also hears appeals from those who have been accused of chargeable offenses that can result in defrocking or revocation of membership.

Question: How many members make up the Judicial Council?


Answer: Judicial Council

Question: What is the highest court in the United Methodist denomination?


Answer: eight-year term

Question: How long is the term of a Judicial Council member?


Answer: twice a year

Question: How many times a year does The Council meet?


Answer: various locations throughout the world

Question: Where does The Council meet?


Answer: The Annual Conference

Context: The Annual Conference, roughly the equivalent of a diocese in the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church or a synod in some Lutheran denominations such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, is the basic unit of organization within the UMC. The term Annual Conference is often used to refer to the geographical area it covers as well as the frequency of meeting. Clergy are members of their Annual Conference rather than of any local congregation, and are appointed to a local church or other charge annually by the conference's resident Bishop at the meeting of the Annual Conference. In many ways, the United Methodist Church operates in a connectional organization of the Annual Conferences, and actions taken by one conference are not binding upon another.

Question: What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?


Answer: geographical area it covers as well as the frequency of meeting

Question: The term Annual Conference is often used to refer to what?


Answer: their Annual Conference

Question: Clergy are members of what group rather than of any local congregation?


Answer: The Book of Discipline

Context: The Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches and pastors and describes in considerable detail the organizational structure of local United Methodist churches. All UM churches must have a board of trustees with at least three members and no more than nine members and it is recommended that no gender should hold more than a 2/3 majority. All churches must also have a nominations committee, a finance committee and a church council or administrative council. Other committees are suggested but not required such as a missions committee, or evangelism or worship committee. Term limits are set for some committees but not for all. The church conference is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members. This committee has the exclusive power to set pastors' salaries (compensation packages for tax purposes) and to elect officers to the committees.

Question: What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?


Answer: three

Question: What is the least number of members a board of trustees can have?


Answer: nine

Question: What is the greatest number of members a board of trustees can have?


Answer: church conference

Question: What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members?


Answer: church conference

Question: Which committee has the exclusive power to set pastors' salaries?


Answer: one hundred

Context: Throughout its history, the United Methodist Church has placed great emphasis on the importance of education. As such, the United Methodist Church established and is affiliated with around one hundred colleges and universities in the United States, including Syracuse University, Boston University, Emory University, Duke University, Drew University, University of Denver, University of Evansville, and Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities. The church operates three hundred sixty schools and institutions overseas.

Question: The UMC established and is affiliated with approximately how many colleges and universities in the U.S.?


Answer: three hundred sixty

Question: How many schools and institutions does the church operate overseas?


Answer: International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities

Question: Most schools established by the UMC are members of what group?


Answer: John Wesley

Context: The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments. Today, the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders and deacons and are appointed to various ministries. Elders in the United Methodist Church itenerate and are subject to the authority and appointment of their bishops. They generally serve as pastors in local congregations. Deacons are in service ministry and may serve as musicians, liturgists, educators, business administrators, and a number of other areas. Elders and deacons are required to obtain a master's degree (generally an M.Div.), or another equivalent degree, before commissioning and then ultimately ordination. Elders in full connection are each a member of their Annual Conference Order of Elders. Likewise each deacon in full connection is a member of their Annual Conference Order of Deacons.

Question: Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?


Answer: pastors

Question: Clergy usually serve as what in local congregations?


Answer: Annual Conference Order of Elders

Question: Elders in full connection are each a member of what?


Answer: Annual Conference Order of Deacons

Question: Each deacon in full connection is a member of what?


Answer: Annual Conference Cabinet

Context: All clergy appointments are made and fixed annually by the resident bishop on the advice of the Annual Conference Cabinet, which is composed of the Area Provost/Dean (if one is appointed) and the several District Superintendents of the Districts of the Annual Conference. Until the bishop has read the appointments at the session of the Annual Conference, no appointments are officially fixed. Many Annual Conferences try to avoid making appointment changes between sessions of Annual Conference. While an appointment is made one year at a time, it is most common for an appointment to be continued for multiple years. Appointment tenures in extension ministries, such as military chaplaincy, campus ministry, missions, higher education and other ministries beyond the local church are often even longer.

Question: What is composed of the Area Provost/Dean ad the several District Superintendents of the Districts in the Annual Conference?


Answer: one year at a time

Question: All clergy appointments are made for how long?


Answer: bishop has read the appointments at the session of the Annual Conference

Question: No appointment is official fixed until what occurs?


Answer: Elders

Context: Elders are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service within the church. They may be appointed to the local church, or to other valid extension ministries of the church. Elders are given the authority to preach the Word of God, administer the sacraments of the church, to provide care and counseling, and to order the life of the church for ministry and mission. Elders may also be assigned as District Superintendents, and they are eligible for election to the episcopacy. Elders serve a term of 2–3 years as provisional Elders prior to their ordination.

Question: Who is called by God, affirmed by the church and ordained by a bishop?


Answer: the local church

Question: Who appoints elders?


Answer: 2–3 years

Question: How many years do Elders serve as provisional Elders prior to their ordination?


Answer: District Superintendents

Question: Who may assign Elders?


Answer: 2–3 years

Context: Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church.They are ordained to ministries of word, service, compassion, and justice. They may be appointed to ministry within the local church or to an extension ministry that supports the mission of the church. Deacons give leadership, preach the Word, contribute in worship, conduct marriages, bury the dead, and aid the church in embodying its mission within the world. Deacons assist elders in the sacraments of Holy Communion and Baptism, and may be granted sacramental authority if they are appointed as the pastor in a local church. Deacons serve a term of 2–3 years as provisional deacons prior to their ordination.

Question: Deacons serve a term of how many years as provisional deacons?


Answer: Deacons

Question: Who gives leadership, preaches the Word and conducts marriages, among other duties?


Answer: Deacons

Question: Who assist elders in the sacraments of Holy Communion and Baptism?


Answer: granted sacramental authority

Question: What are Deacons granted if they are appointed as pastor in a local church?


Answer: 1996

Context: At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished. This created new orders known as "provisional elder" or "provisional deacon" for those who seek to be ordained in the respective orders. The provisional elder/deacon is a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned. During this two or three-year period, the provisional elder is granted sacramental ministry in their local appointment. For the first time in its history non-ordained pastors became a normal expectation, rather than an extraordinary provision for ministry.

Question: In what year was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?


Answer: The provisional elder/deacon

Question: What is the title for a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in full-time appointment after being commissioned?


Answer: 1996 General Conference

Question: What provided for the creation of new orders known as "provisional elder?"


Answer: Licensed Local Pastor

Context: Local Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service within the church. The Local Pastor are given the authority to preach the Word of God, administer the sacraments of the church, to provide care and counseling, and to order the life of the church for ministry and mission, but are not ordained. When elders are not available to be appointed to a local church, either through shortage of personnel or financial hardship of a pastoral charge, the bishop may appoint a "local pastor" to serve the pastoral appointment. Local Pastors are often bi-vocational, living out their ministerial call in the local church and in their field of employment. Full-time and part-time licensed local pastors under appointment are clergy and hold membership in the annual conference and not in the local church. A Local Pastor's official title is 'Licensed Local Pastor' and is appointed as clergy to the local church where they preach, conduct divine worship and perform the regular duties of a pastor. The licensed local pastor has the authority of a pastor only within the context and during the time of the appointment and shall not extend beyond it. Local pastors are not required to have advanced degrees but are required to attend licensing school and attend and pass an approved five-year course of study at an approved United Methodist seminary or course of study school, successfully complete written and oral examinations, and appear before the District Committee on Ministry and the Conference Board of Ordained Ministry. They may continue towards Associate Membership allowing them to retire as clergy. They also may continue towards ordination if they complete their bachelor's degree, requirements of their particular Conference Board of Ordained Ministry, as well as an advanced course or study or prescribed seminary courses at an approved seminary. Upon retirement, local pastors return to their charge conference as lay members.

Question: What is a local pastor's official title?


Answer: licensed local pastor

Question: Who has the authority of a pastor only within the context and during the time of the appointment?


Answer: five

Question: How many years must a local pastor attend a course of study at United Methodist approved seminary?


Answer: Associate Membership

Question: What type of membership will allow local pastors to retire as clergy?


Answer: Baptized Members

Context: The United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism. Baptized Members are those who have been baptized as an infant or child, but who have not subsequently professed their own faith. These Baptized Members become Professing Members through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith. Individuals who were not previously baptized are baptized as part of their profession of faith and thus become Professing Members in this manner. Individuals may also become a Professing Member through transfer from another Christian denomination.

Question: What are members who have been baptized as an infant or child but who have not subsequently professed their own faith?


Answer: confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith

Question: How to Baptized Members become Professing Members?


Answer: transfer from another Christian denomination

Question: Name one way in which a person can become a Professing Member?


Answer: Baptism

Context: Unlike confirmation and profession of faith, Baptism is a sacrament in the UMC. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people, including adults. The term confirmation is generally reserved for youth, while some variation on membership class is generally used for adults wishing to join the church. The Book of Discipline normally allows any youth at least completing sixth grade to participate, although the pastor has discretionary authority to allow a younger person to participate. In confirmation and membership preparation classes, students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition in order to profess their ultimate faith in Christ.

Question: Unlike confirmation and profession of faith, what is a sacrament in the UMC?


Answer: confirmation and membership preparation classes

Question: How do students learn about the church?


Answer: The Book of Discipline

Question: What directions the local church to offer membership preparation to all people?


Answer: Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition

Question: What do students learn about in confirmation and membership preparation classes?


Answer: lay servants

Context: Another position in the United Methodist Church is that of the lay servant. Although not considered clergy, lay speakers often preach during services of worship when an ordained elder, Local Pastor, Associate Member or deacon is unavailable. There are two categories of lay servants: local church lay servant, who serve in and through their local churches, and certified lay servants, who serve in their own churches, in other churches, and through district or conference projects and programs. To be recognized as local church lay servant, they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference, and complete the basic course for lay servant. Each year they must reapply, reporting how they have served and continued to learn during that year. To be recognized as certified lay servant, they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference, complete the basic course and one advanced lay servant course, and be interviewed by the District or Conference Committee on Lay Speaking. They must report and reapply annually; and they must complete at least one advanced course every three years.

Question: Local church and certified are two types of what?


Answer: they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference, and complete the basic course for lay servant

Question: How can someone be recognized as local church lay servant?


Answer: annually

Question: How often must local lay servant reapply?


Answer: at least one advanced course every three years

Question: How many courses must a local lay servant take?


Answer: United Methodist Church

Context: The United Methodist Church is one tradition within the Christian Church. The United Methodist Church is active in ecumenical relations with other Christian groups and denominations. It is a member of the National Council of Churches, the World Council of Churches, Churches Uniting in Christ, and Christian Churches Together. In addition, it voted to seek observer status in the National Association of Evangelicals and in the World Evangelical Fellowship. However, there are some in The United Methodist Church who feel that false ecumenism might result in the "blurring of theological and confessional differences in the interests of unity."

Question: What is one tradition within the Christian Church?


Answer: observer status

Question: What type of status did the UMC vote to seek in the National Association of Evangelicals?


Answer: blurring of theological and confessional differences in the interests of unity

Question: Some in the UMC feel that false ecumenism might result in what?


Answer: 2000

Context: The United Methodist Church has since 1985 been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations: the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. A Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed in 2000 to carry out work on such a merger. In May 2012, The United Methodist Church entered into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, African Union Methodist Protestant Church, Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, and Union American Methodist Episcopal Church, in which these Churches agreed to "recognize each other's churches, share sacraments, and affirm their clergy and ministries."

Question: In what year was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?


Answer: May 2012

Question: When did the UMC enter into full communion with several churches?


Answer: 1985

Question: Since what year has the UMC been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American denominations?


Answer: 11 million

Context: Like many other mainline Protestant denominations in the United States, the United Methodist Church has experienced significant membership losses in recent decades. At the time of its formation, the UMC had about 11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations. In 1975, membership dropped below 10 million for the first time. In 2005, there were about 8 million members in over 34,000 congregations. Membership is concentrated primarily in the Midwest and in the South. Texas has the largest number of members, with about 1 million. The states with the highest membership rates are Oklahoma, Iowa, Mississippi, West Virginia, and North Carolina.

Question: At the time of its formation, how many members did the UMC have?


Answer: 42,000

Question: At the time of its formation, how many congregations did the UMC have?


Answer: 8 million

Question: In 2005, approximately how many members were in the UMC?


Answer: 34,000

Question: In 2005, approximately how many congregations were in the UMC?


Answer: Texas

Question: Which state has the largest number of members?