Answer: James River and Kanawha Canal

Context: After the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag. As a result of this and ample access to hydropower due to the falls, Richmond became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the country, including iron works and flour mills, the largest facilities of their kind in the South. The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry "Box" Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery.

Question: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington?


Answer: Kanawha River

Question: To where was the canal designed by Washington intended to ferry water?


Answer: Philadelphia

Question: To what city was Henry Brown shipped as freight?


Answer: Box

Question: What was Henry Brown's nickname?


Answer: industrial

Question: What sort of economic center was Richmond in the wake of the American Revolution?


Answer: 17 April 1861

Context: On 17 April 1861, five days after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy. Official action came in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its national capital to Richmond. The city was at the end of a long supply line, which made it somewhat difficult to defend, although supplies continued to reach the city by canal and wagon for years, since it was protected by the Army of Northern Virginia and arguably the Confederacy's best troops and commanders. It became the main target of Union armies, especially in the campaigns of 1862 and 1864-5.

Question: On what date was Virginia's secession from the Union?


Answer: Confederacy

Question: After leaving the Union, what nation did Virginia join?


Answer: 1862

Question: Along with 1864-5, what year notably saw US campaigns directed at Richmond?


Answer: Tredegar Iron Works

Context: In addition to Virginia and Confederate government offices and hospitals, a railroad hub, and one of the South's largest slave markets, Richmond had the largest factory in the Confederacy, the Tredegar Iron Works, which turned out artillery and other munitions, including the 723 tons of armor plating that covered the CSS Virginia, the world's first ironclad used in war, as well as much of the Confederates' heavy ordnance machinery. The Confederate Congress shared quarters with the Virginia General Assembly in the Virginia State Capitol, with the Confederacy's executive mansion, the "White House of the Confederacy", located two blocks away. The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond but ultimately failed.

Question: What was the name of the biggest factory in the Confederate States of America?


Answer: CSS Virginia

Question: What was the name of the first ironclad warship that saw combat?


Answer: White House of the Confederacy

Question: What is another name for the Confederacy's executive mansion?


Answer: two blocks

Question: How far away from the Confederate executive mansion was the Virginia State Capitol?


Answer: McClellan

Question: Who commanded the Union armies during the Seven Days Battles?


Answer: east

Context: Three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B. Gordon's desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed. On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett at the Five Forks junction, smashing them, taking thousands of prisoners, and encouraging General Grant to order a general advance. When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5000, or about a tenth of Lee's defending army. General Lee then informed Jefferson Davis that he was about to evacuate Richmond.

Question: Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman?


Answer: tenth

Question: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army?


Answer: Boydton Plank

Question: On what road did the US Army Sixth Corps shatter the Confederate line?


Answer: John B. Gordon

Question: What general commanded the attack on Fort Stedman?


Answer: March

Question: In what month of 1865 was Richmond judged to be no longer able to be defended?


Answer: tobacco

Context: Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained. The Union troops eventually managed to stop the raging fires but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed-

Question: What was contained in warehouses that were notably burned by Confederates when evacuating Richmond?


Answer: Godfrey Weitzel

Question: What general received the surrender of Richmond?


Answer: April 2, 1865

Question: On what day did the Confederacy surrender Richmond to the Union?


Answer: train

Question: By what means did Davis leave Richmond?


Answer: 25

Question: What percentage of Richmond was destroyed by fire after the Confederate evacuation?


Answer: April 3

Context: President Abraham Lincoln visited General Grant at Petersburg on April 3, and took a launch to Richmond the next day, while Jefferson Davis attempted to organize his Confederate government at Danville. Lincoln met Confederate assistant secretary of War John A. Campbell, and handed him a note inviting Virginia's legislature to end their rebellion. After Campbell spun the note to Confederate legislators as a possible end to the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln rescinded his offer and ordered General Weitzel to prevent the Confederate state legislature from meeting. Union forces killed, wounded or captured 8000 Confederate troops at Saylor's Creek southwest of Petersburg on April 6. General Lee continued to reject General Grant's surrender suggestion until Sheridan's infantry and cavalry appeared in front of his retreating army on April 8. He surrendered his remaining approximately 10000 troops at Appomattox Court House the following morning. Jefferson Davis retreated to North Carolina, then further south. when Lincoln rejected the surrender terms negotiated by general Sherman and envoys of North Carolina governor Zebulon Vance, which failed to mention slavery. Davis was captured on May 10 near Irwinville, Georgia and taken back to Virginia, where he was charged with treason and imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe until freed on bail.

Question: What was the date before the day Lincoln entered Richmond?


Answer: 10000

Question: How many soldiers did Lee have remaining when he surrendered?


Answer: North Carolina

Question: To what state did Davis travel after Lee surrendered?


Answer: Appomattox Court House

Question: In what structure did Lee surrender to Grant?


Answer: two

Question: How many years did Davis spend in Fort Monroe?


Answer: railroads

Context: Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.

Question: What mode of transportation took over from the canals?


Answer: triple

Question: What sort of railroad crossing was first built at Richmond?


Answer: James Albert Bonsack

Question: Who was the inventor of the cigarette-rolling machine?


Answer: Roanoke

Question: From what city did James Bonsack originate?


Answer: Richmond Union Passenger Railway

Question: What was the name of the first American trolley system powered by electricity?


Answer: 85,050

Context: By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States. In 1900, the Census Bureau reported Richmond's population as 62.1% white and 37.9% black. Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the "Wall Street of Black America." In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr. In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank.

Question: When the 1900s began, how many people lived in Richmond?


Answer: 13

Question: How many square kilometers was Richmond at the start of the 20th century?


Answer: 37.9

Question: What percentage of Richmond's 1900 population was African American?


Answer: Wall Street of Black America

Question: What was another name for Richmond's Jackson Ward?


Answer: Maggie L. Walker

Question: Who was the inaugural president of the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank?


Answer: 1965

Context: Between 1963 and 1965, there was a "downtown boom" that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings in the city. In 1968, Virginia Commonwealth University was created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia with the Richmond Professional Institute. In 1970, Richmond's borders expanded by an additional 27 square miles (70 km2) on the south. After several years of court cases in which Chesterfield County fought annexation, more than 47,000 people who once were Chesterfield County residents found themselves within the city's perimeters on January 1, 1970. In 1996, still-sore tensions arose amid controversy involved in placing a statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star Arthur Ashe to the famed series of statues of Confederate heroes of the Civil War on Monument Avenue. After several months of controversy, the bronze statue of Ashe was finally completed on Monument Avenue facing the opposite direction from the Confederate Heroes on July 10, 1996.

Question: When did the so-called downtown boom in Richmond end?


Answer: 700

Question: About how many structures were built in Richmond during the downtown boom?


Answer: Medical College of Virginia

Question: What combined with the Richmond Professional Institute to form Virginia Commonwealth University?


Answer: south

Question: In what direction did Richmond's borders expand in 1970?


Answer: Chesterfield

Question: People of what county did not want to join Richmond circa 1970?


Answer: 160

Context: Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.

Question: How many square kilometers is Richmond?


Answer: 2.7

Question: How many square miles of Richmond is water?


Answer: 4.3

Question: What percentage of Richmond is made up of water?


Answer: Piedmont

Question: In which of Virginia's regions is Richmond?


Answer: Appomattox

Question: Along with the James and the Chickahominy, what is a notable river in the area near Richmond?


Answer: Shockoe Bottom

Context: Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. Modern Downtown Richmond is located slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel. Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like rapidly gentrifying Church Hill, home to St. John's Church, as well as poorer areas like Fulton, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like Mosby Court, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to Interstate 64.

Question: What neighborhood is located in between Church and Shockoe Hill?


Answer: Monroe Ward

Question: What Richmond neighborhood is home to the Jefferson Hotel?


Answer: Church Hill

Question: What neighborhood of Richmond contains St. John's Church?


Answer: public housing projects

Question: What is Fairfield Court?


Answer: 1737

Question: In what year was the Richmond street grid first developed?


Answer: Broad

Context: The area between Belvidere Street, Interstate 195, Interstate 95, and the river, which includes Virginia Commonwealth University, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring Jackson Ward, with Carver experiencing some gentrification due to its proximity to VCU. The affluent area between the Boulevard, Main Street, Broad Street, and VCU, known as the Fan, is home to Monument Avenue, an outstanding collection of Victorian architecture, and many students. West of the Boulevard is the Museum District, the location of the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill. Cary Street between Interstate 195 and the Boulevard is a popular commercial area called Carytown.

Question: The neighborhood of Newtowne West is north of what street?


Answer: Jackson Ward

Question: Along with Newtowne West, to what neighborhood is Carver regarded as having comparable demographics?


Answer: Monument Avenue

Question: What Richmond street contains a notable amount of Victorian buildings?


Answer: Museum District

Question: In what part of Richmond is the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts found?


Answer: black

Question: What is the primary race of the population of the Randolph neighborhood?


Answer: Southside

Context: The portion of the city south of the James River is known as the Southside. Neighborhoods in the city's Southside area range from affluent and middle class suburban neighborhoods Westover Hills, Forest Hill, Southampton, Stratford Hills, Oxford, Huguenot Hills, Hobby Hill, and Woodland Heights to the impoverished Manchester and Blackwell areas, the Hillside Court housing projects, and the ailing Jefferson Davis Highway commercial corridor. Other Southside neighborhoods include Fawnbrook, Broad Rock, Cherry Gardens, Cullenwood, and Beaufont Hills. Much of Southside developed a suburban character as part of Chesterfield County before being annexed by Richmond, most notably in 1970.

Question: What name is given to the part of Richmond located to the south of the James?


Answer: middle class

Question: Along with the affluent, what is the socioeconomic class of the inhabitants of the Southside?


Answer: Hillside Court

Question: What notable public housing projects are present in the Southside?


Answer: Chesterfield

Question: Prior to joining Richmond, what county was a significant portion of Southside part of?


Answer: impoverished

Question: What is the economic status of the Manchester part of Richmond?


Answer: Cfa

Context: Richmond has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot and humid summers and generally cool winters. The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond. The open waters of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and mild winters. The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark. Downtown areas straddle the border between USDA Hardiness zones 7B and 8A, and temperatures seldom lower to 0 °F (−18 °C), with the most recent subzero (°F) reading occurring on January 28, 2000, when the temperature reached −1 °F (−18 °C). The July daily mean temperature is 79.3 °F (26.3 °C), and high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) approximately 43 days out of the year; while 100 °F (38 °C) temperatures are not uncommon, they do not occur every year. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 19, 1940 up to 107 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918.[a]

Question: What is Richmond's Köppen climate classification?


Answer: generally cool

Question: How could one characterize the winters in Richmond?


Answer: mountains

Question: What geographic feature keeps some cold inland air from reaching Richmond?


Answer: February

Question: In what month of the year does Richmond's chilliest weather typically end?


Answer: 43

Question: About how many days a year does the temperature in Richmond go above 32 degrees Celsius?


Answer: autumn

Context: Precipitation is rather uniformly distributed throughout the year. However, dry periods lasting several weeks do occur, especially in autumn when long periods of pleasant, mild weather are most common. There is considerable variability in total monthly amounts from year to year so that no one month can be depended upon to be normal. Snow has been recorded during seven of the twelve months. Falls of 3 inches (7.6 cm) or more within 24 hours occur an average once per year. Annual snowfall, however, is usually light, averaging 10.5 inches (27 cm) per season. Snow typically remains on the ground only one or two days at a time, but remained for 16 days in 2010 (January 30 to February 14). Ice storms (freezing rain or glaze) are not uncommon, but they are seldom severe enough to do any considerable damage.

Question: What season in Richmond is most likely to see periods of dryness?


Answer: once

Question: How many times does Richmond receive 7.6 centimeters or more of snow in a 24 hour period annually?


Answer: 27

Question: About how many centimeters of snow does Richmond experience in the fall?


Answer: January 30 to February 14

Question: During what span of 2010 did snowfall remain for a significant amount of time on the ground in Richmond?


Answer: freezing rain or glaze

Question: What types of ice storms sometimes hit Richmond?


Answer: March

Context: The James River reaches tidewater at Richmond where flooding may occur in every month of the year, most frequently in March and least in July. Hurricanes and tropical storms have been responsible for most of the flooding during the summer and early fall months. Hurricanes passing near Richmond have produced record rainfalls. In 1955, three hurricanes brought record rainfall to Richmond within a six-week period. The most noteworthy of these were Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane that brought heavy rains five days apart. And in 2004, the downtown area suffered extensive flood damage after the remnants of Hurricane Gaston dumped up to 12 inches (300 mm) of rainfall.

Question: What is the most likely month for the James to flood Richmond?


Answer: July

Question: What month sees the lowest likelihood of the James flooding?


Answer: six

Question: In 1955, Richmond was hit with three hurricanes in how many weeks?


Answer: Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane

Question: In 1955, what two hurricanes occurred within a week of one another?


Answer: Gaston

Question: What hurricane hit Richmond in 2004?


Answer: 43,627

Context: As of the census of 2000, there were 197,790 people, 84,549 households, and 43,627 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,292.6 people per square mile (1,271.3/km²). There were 92,282 housing units at an average density of 1,536.2 per square mile (593.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 38.3% White, 57.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

Question: In 2000, how many families lived in Richmond?


Answer: 1,271.3

Question: As of 2000, how many people lived in Richmond per square kilometer?


Answer: 0.1

Question: What percentage of the Richmond population of 2000 was Pacific Islander?


Answer: African American

Question: What was the largest racial group in Richmond as of 2000?


Answer: 1.5

Question: In 2000, what percentage of Richmond residents were multiracial?


Answer: murder

Context: During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, in particular, the city's murder rate. The city had 93 murders for the year of 1985, with a murder rate of 41.9 killings committed per 100,000 residents. Over the next decade, the city saw a major increase in total homicides. In 1990 there were 114 murders, for a murder rate of 56.1 killings per 100,000 residents. There were 120 murders in 1995, resulting in a murder rate of 59.1 killings per 100,000 residents, one of the highest in the United States.

Question: What crime notably increased in Richmond over the course of the 1980s?


Answer: 93

Question: In 1985, how many people were murdered in Richmond?


Answer: 56.1

Question: How many people per 100,000 were murdered in Richmond in 1990?


Answer: 120

Question: How many murders occurred in Richmond in 1995?


Answer: First Presbyterian Church

Context: Richmond has several historic churches. Because of its early English colonial history from the early 17th century to 1776, Richmond has a number of prominent Anglican/Episcopal churches including Monumental Church, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and St. John's Episcopal Church. Methodists and Baptists made up another section of early churches, and First Baptist Church of Richmond was the first of these, established in 1780. In the Reformed church tradition, the first Presbyterian Church in the City of Richmond was First Presbyterian Church, organized on June 18, 1812. On February 5, 1845, Second Presbyterian Church of Richmond was founded, which was a historic church where Stonewall Jackson attended and was the first Gothic building and the first gas-lit church to be built in Richmond. St. Peter's Church was dedicated and became the first Catholic church in Richmond on May 25, 1834. The city is also home to the historic Cathedral of the Sacred Heart which is the motherchurch for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond.

Question: What is the oldest Presbyterian church in Richmond?


Answer: Stonewall Jackson

Question: Who was a notable congregant at Second Presbyterian Church?


Answer: Gothic

Question: What architectural style was Second Presbyterian Church built in?


Answer: May 25, 1834

Question: On what date did the oldest Catholic church open in Richmond?


Answer: 1780

Question: In what year was Richmond's First Baptist Church founded?


Answer: Keneseth Beth Israel

Context: The first Jewish congregation in Richmond was Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom. Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom was the sixth congregation in the United States. By 1822 K.K. Beth Shalom members worshipped in the first synagogue building in Virginia. They eventually merged with Congregation Beth Ahabah, an offshoot of Beth Shalom. There are two Orthodox Synagogues, Keneseth Beth Israel and Chabad of Virginia. There is an Orthodox Yeshivah K–12 school system known as Rudlin Torah academy, which also includes a post high-school program. There are two Conservative synagogues, Beth El and Or Atid. There are three Reform synagogues, Bonay Kodesh, Beth Ahabah and Or Ami. Along with such religious congregations, there are a variety of other Jewish charitable, educational and social service institutions, each serving the Jewish and general communities. These include the Weinstein Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family Services, Jewish Community Federation of Richmond and Richmond Jewish Foundation.

Question: Along with Chabad of Virginia, what is the other Orthodox synagogue in Richmond?


Answer: K–12

Question: What grades does the Rudlin Torah academy serve?


Answer: Orthodox

Question: What sect of Judaism is Rudlin Torah affiliated with?


Answer: Beth El and Or Atid

Question: What are the names of the Conservative synagogues in Richmond?


Answer: three

Question: How many synagogues in the Reform tradition are present in Richmond?


Answer: Temple #24

Context: There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area, with three more currently in construction, accommodating the growing Muslim population, the first one being Masjid Bilal. In the 1950s, Muslims from the East End got organized under Nation of Islam (NOI). They used to meet in Temple #24 located on North Avenue. After the NOI split in 1975, the Muslims who joined mainstream Islam, start meeting at Shabaaz Restaurant on Nine Mile Road. By 1976, the Muslims used to meet in a rented church. They tried to buy this church, but due to financial difficulties the Muslims instead bought an old grocery store at Chimbarazoo Boulevard, the present location of Masjid Bilal. Initially, the place was called "Masjid Muhammad #24". Only by 1990 did the Muslims renamed it to "Masjid Bilal". Masjid Bilal was followed by the Islamic Center of Virginia, ICVA masjid. The ICVA was established in 1973 as a non profit tax exempt organization. With aggressive fundraising, ICVA was able to buy land on Buford road. Construction of the new masjid began in the early 1980s. The rest of the five current masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond (ICR) in the west end, Masjid Umm Barakah on 2nd street downtown, Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the west end, Masjidullah in the north side, and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end.

Question: Where did Richmond's Nation of Islam members initially meet?


Answer: Chimbarazoo Boulevard

Question: On what street is Masjid Bilal located?


Answer: Masjid Muhammad #24

Question: What was Masjid Bilal previously known as?


Answer: 1973

Question: What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?


Answer: Nine Mile Road

Question: On what street can Shabaaz Restaurant be found?


Answer: 6,000

Context: Hinduism is actively practiced, particularly in suburban areas of Henrico and Chesterfield. Some 6,000 families of Indian descent resided in the Richmond Region as of 2011. Hindus are served by several temples and cultural centers. The two most familiar are the Cultural Center of India (CCI) located off of Iron Bridge Road in Chesterfield County and the Hindu Center of Virginia in Henrico County which has garnered national fame and awards for being the first LEED certified religious facility in the commonwealth.

Question: How many Indian-descended families lived in or around Richmond in 2011?


Answer: Cultural Center of India

Question: What does CCI stand for?


Answer: Chesterfield

Question: In what county can CCI be found?


Answer: Iron Bridge

Question: What road is CCI near?


Answer: Hindu Center of Virginia

Question: Along with CCI, what is the other Hindu gathering place near Richmond?


Answer: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

Context: Law and finance have long been driving forces in the economy. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks, as well as offices for international companies such as Genworth Financial, CapitalOne, Philip Morris USA, and numerous other banks and brokerages. Richmond is also home to four of the largest law firms in the United States: Hunton & Williams, McGuireWoods, Williams Mullen, and LeClairRyan. Another law firm with a major Richmond presence is Troutman Sanders, which merged with Richmond-based Mays & Valentine LLP in 2001.

Question: What federal court is located in Richmond?


Answer: Genworth Financial

Question: Along with Philip Morris and CapitalOne, what prominent corporation is present in Richmond?


Answer: law firms

Question: What type of business is LeClairRyan?


Answer: 2001

Question: When did the Troutman Sanders-Mays & Valentine LLP merger occur?


Answer: 12

Question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist in the United States?


Answer: 53,400

Context: Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?] has more than 575,000 square feet (53,400 m2) of research, laboratory and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories and non-profit organizations. The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park. Philip Morris USA opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007. Once fully developed, park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers.

Question: How many square meters of space does Virginia BioTechnology Research Park consist of?


Answer: maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list

Question: What does the United Network for Organ Sharing do?


Answer: $350 million

Question: What was the cost of the Philip Morris R&D facility opened at the Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?


Answer: 2007

Question: When did Philip Morris' R&D facility open?


Answer: Medical College of Virginia

Question: What Virginia Commonwealth University campus is near Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?


Answer: Departures magazine

Context: Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare. Departures magazine named Richmond "The Next Great American Food City" in August 2014. Also in 2014, Southern Living magazine named three Richmond restaurants – Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt – among its "100 Best Restaurants in the South", while Metzger Bar & Butchery made its "Best New Restaurants: 12 To Watch" list. Craft beer and liquor production is also growing in the River City, with twelve micro-breweries in city proper; the oldest is Legend Brewery, founded in 1994. Three distilleries, Reservoir Distillery, Belle Isle Craft Spirits and James River Distillery, were established in 2010, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Question: What periodical called Richmond "The Next Great American Food City"?


Answer: Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt

Question: According to Southern Living, what are the three best restaurants in Richmond?


Answer: twelve

Question: How many microbreweries exist in Richmond?


Answer: Legend Brewery

Question: What was the first microbrewery to set up shop in Richmond?


Answer: 2014

Question: When was James River Distillery founded?


Answer: Lincoln

Context: Additionally, Richmond is gaining attention from the film and television industry, with several high-profile films shot in the metro region in the past few years, including the major motion picture Lincoln which led to Daniel Day-Lewis's third Oscar, Killing Kennedy with Rob Lowe, airing on the National Geographic Channel and Turn, starring Jamie Bell and airing on AMC. In 2015 Richmond will be the main filming location for the upcoming PBS drama series Mercy Street, which will premiere in Winter 2016. Several organizations, including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance, along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival, continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region.

Question: What movie, which filmed in Richmond, featured Daniel Day-Lewis?


Answer: Rob Lowe

Question: Who notably appeared in Killing Kennedy?


Answer: AMC

Question: On what television channel can the show Turn be seen?


Answer: Winter 2016

Question: When will Mercy Street first be shown on television?


Answer: National Geographic Channel

Question: What channel is Killing Kennedy on?


Answer: third

Context: The Greater Richmond area was named the third-best city for business by MarketWatch in September 2007, ranking behind only the Minneapolis and Denver areas and just above Boston. The area is home to six Fortune 500 companies: electric utility Dominion Resources; CarMax; Owens & Minor; Genworth Financial; MeadWestvaco; McKesson Medical-Surgical and Altria Group. However, only Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco are headquartered within the city of Richmond; the others are located in the neighboring counties of Henrico and Hanover. In 2008, Altria moved its corporate HQ from New York City to Henrico County, adding another Fortune 500 corporation to Richmond's list. In February 2006, MeadWestvaco announced that they would move from Stamford, Connecticut, to Richmond in 2008 with the help of the Greater Richmond Partnership, a regional economic development organization that also helped locate Aditya Birla Minacs, Amazon.com, and Honeywell International, to the region.

Question: According to MarketWatch, where did Richmond rank among cities for business?


Answer: Boston

Question: What did MarketWatch think was the fourth best city for business?


Answer: electric utility

Question: What type of business is Dominion Resources?


Answer: New York City

Question: Prior to moving to the Richmond area, where was Altria's headquarters located?


Answer: MeadWestvaco

Question: What company moved to Richmond from Connecticut?


Answer: Atlanta

Context: Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence. These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco). Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. DuPont maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation, has its corporate headquarters in Richmond.

Question: Where is SunTrust Bank headquartered?


Answer: San Francisco

Question: What city is the headquarters of McKesson located in?


Answer: Altria

Question: Who owns Philip Morris USA?


Answer: Spruance Plant

Question: What DuPont factory is located in the Richmond area?


Answer: Overnite Transportation

Question: What was the former name of UPS Freight?


Answer: neoclassical

Context: Several of the city's large general museums are located near the Boulevard. On Boulevard proper are the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, lending their name to what is sometimes called the Museum District. Nearby on Broad Street is the Science Museum of Virginia, housed in the neoclassical former 1919 Broad Street Union Station. Immediately adjacent is the Children's Museum of Richmond, and two blocks away, the Virginia Center for Architecture. Within the downtown are the Library of Virginia and the Valentine Richmond History Center. Elsewhere are the Virginia Holocaust Museum and the Old Dominion Railway Museum.

Question: What architectural style was the 1919 Broad Street Union Station constructed in?


Answer: two blocks

Question: How far away from the Virginia Center for Architecture is the Children's Museum of Richmond?


Answer: Museum District

Question: What district of Richmond is the Virginia Historical Society located in?


Answer: Children's Museum of Richmond

Question: What museum is next to the Science Museum of Virginia?


Answer: Tredegar Iron Works

Context: As the primary former Capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond is home to many museums and battlefields of the American Civil War. Near the riverfront is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center and the American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar, both housed in the former buildings of the Tredegar Iron Works, where much of the ordnance for the war was produced. In Court End, near the Virginia State Capitol, is the Museum of the Confederacy, along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era. The temporary home of former Confederate General Robert E. Lee still stands on Franklin Street in downtown Richmond. The history of slavery and emancipation are also increasingly represented: there is a former slave trail along the river that leads to Ancarrow's Boat Ramp and Historic Site which has been developed with interpretive signage, and in 2007, the Reconciliation Statue was placed in Shockoe Bottom, with parallel statues placed in Liverpool and Benin representing points of the Triangle Trade.

Question: In what former industrial facility is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center located?


Answer: Virginia State Capitol

Question: What government building is the Museum of the Confederacy located near?


Answer: White House of the Confederacy

Question: What is another name for the Davis Mansion?


Answer: Franklin

Question: On what Richmond street did General Lee live for a while?


Answer: Liverpool and Benin

Question: Where are the Reconciliation Statues outside Richmond located?


Answer: Chief Justice of the United States

Context: Other historical points of interest include St. John's Church, the site of Patrick Henry's famous "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum, features many of his writings and other artifacts of his life, particularly when he lived in the city as a child, a student, and a successful writer. The John Marshall House, the home of the former Chief Justice of the United States, is also located downtown and features many of his writings and objects from his life. Hollywood Cemetery is the burial grounds of two U.S. Presidents as well as many Civil War officers and soldiers.

Question: What office was held by the inhabitant of the John Marshall House?


Answer: two

Question: How many United States presidents are interred in Hollywood Cemetery?


Answer: Patrick Henry

Question: Who gave a speech that contained the famous saying "Give me liberty or give me death"?


Answer: St. John's Church

Question: Where did Patrick Henry deliver his memorable speech?


Answer: Bojangles

Context: The city is home to many monuments and memorials, most notably those along Monument Avenue. Other monuments include the A.P. Hill monument, the Bill "Bojangles" Robinson monument in Jackson Ward, the Christopher Columbus monument near Byrd Park, and the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Libby Hill. Located near Byrd Park is the famous World War I Memorial Carillon, a 56-bell carillon tower. Dedicated in 1956, the Virginia War Memorial is located on Belvedere overlooking the river, and is a monument to Virginians who died in battle in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.

Question: What was the nickname of Bill Robinson?


Answer: Byrd

Question: Near what park is the monument dedicated to the person traditionally regarded as discovering America?


Answer: 56

Question: How many bells are contained in the World War I Memorial Carillon?


Answer: World War II

Question: The dead of what war were the first to be commemorated by the Virginia War Memorial?


Answer: Jackson Ward

Question: In what neighborhood is the monument to Bill Robinson located?


Answer: CentreStage

Context: Richmond has a significant arts community, some of which is contained in formal public-supported venues, and some of which is more DIY, such as local privately owned galleries, and private music venues, nonprofit arts organizations, or organic and venueless arts movements (e.g., house shows, busking, itinerant folk shows). This has led to tensions, as the city Richmond City levied an "admissions tax" to fund large arts projects like CentreStage, leading to criticism that it is funding civic initiatives on the backs of the organic local culture. Traditional Virginian folk music, including blues, country, and bluegrass are also notably present, and play a large part in the annual Richmond Folk Festival. The following is a list of the more formal arts establishments (Companies, theaters, galleries, and other large venues) in Richmond:

Question: What notable project was funded by Richmond's "admissions tax"?


Answer: country

Question: Along with blues and bluegrass, what is a type of folk music traditional to Virginia?


Answer: house shows

Question: Along with busking and itinerant folk shows, what is an example of venueless art?


Answer: Nils Westergard

Context: As of 2015 a variety of murals from internationally recognized street artists have appeared throughout the city as a result of the efforts of Art Whino and RVA Magazine with The Richmond Mural Project and the RVA Street Art Festival. Artists who have produced work in the city as a result of these festivals include ROA, Pixel Pancho, Gaia, Aryz, Alexis Diaz, Ever Siempre, Jaz, 2501, Natalia Rak, Pose MSK, Vizie, Jeff Soto, Mark Jenkins, Etam Cru- and local artists Hamilton Glass, Nils Westergard, and El Kamino. Both festivals are expected to continue this year with artists such as Ron English slated to produce work.

Question: Along with Hamilton Glass and El Kamino, who is a mural artist local to Richmond?


Answer: RVA

Question: What periodical has attempted to attract internationally known mural artists to Richmond?


Answer: RVA Street Art Festival

Question: What Richmond street art gathering has brought mural artists to the city?


Answer: Williamsburg

Context: From earliest days, Virginia, and Richmond in particular, have welcomed live theatrical performances. From Lewis Hallam's early productions of Shakespeare in Williamsburg, the focus shifted to Richmond's antebellum prominence as a main colonial and early 19th century performance venue for such celebrated American and English actors as William Macready, Edwin Forrest, and the Booth family. In the 20th century, Richmonders' love of theater continued with many amateur troupes and regular touring professional productions. In the 1960s a small renaissance or golden age accompanied the growth of professional dinner theaters and the fostering of theater by the Virginia Museum, reaching a peak in the 1970s with the establishment of a resident Equity company at the Virginia Museum Theater (now the Leslie Cheek) and the birth of Theatre IV, a company that continues to this day.

Question: In what city did Lewis Hallam present Shakespeare's plays?


Answer: Booth

Question: What family of actors notably performed in 19th century Richmond?


Answer: Leslie Cheek

Question: What is Virginia Museum Theater known as today?


Answer: 1970s

Question: During what decade did the Virginia Museum most significantly work to promote theater in Richmond?


Answer: Evacuation Fire

Context: Much of Richmond's early architecture was destroyed by the Evacuation Fire in 1865. It is estimated that 25% of all buildings in Richmond were destroyed during this fire. Even fewer now remain due to construction and demolition that has taken place since Reconstruction. In spite of this, Richmond contains many historically significant buildings and districts. Buildings remain from Richmond's colonial period, such as the Patteson-Schutte House and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia), both built before 1750.

Question: What disaster destroyed many of the early buildings in Richmond?


Answer: 25

Question: What percentage of Richmond's buildings were burned in a single fire in 1865?


Answer: colonial

Question: What is the name of the era from which the building housing the Edgar Allan Poe Museum dates?


Answer: 1750

Question: Prior to what year was the Patterson-Schutte House built?


Answer: Maryland

Context: Architectural classicism is heavily represented in all districts of the city, particularly in Downtown, the Fan, and the Museum District. Several notable classical architects have designed buildings in Richmond. The Virginia State Capitol was designed by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in 1785. It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (after Maryland's) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, D.C. Robert Mills designed Monumental Church on Broad Street. Adjoining it is the 1845 Egyptian Building, one of the few Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.

Question: What state has the oldest capital building used continuously since it was built?


Answer: neo-classical

Question: What architectural style was used to design the Virginia State Capitol?


Answer: White House and The Capitol

Question: What notable federal government buildings were designed in the neoclassical style?


Answer: Egyptian Revival

Question: What is the architectural style of the 1845 Egyptian Building?


Answer: Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau

Question: Who were the designers of the Virginia State Capitol?


Answer: Tudor

Context: The firm of John Russell Pope designed Broad Street Station as well as Branch House on Monument Avenue, designed as a private residence in the Tudor style, now serving as the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design. Broad Street Station (or Union Station), designed in the Beaux-Arts style, is no longer a functioning station but is now home to the Science Museum of Virginia. Main Street Station, designed by Wilson, Harris, and Richards, has been returned to use in its original purpose. The Jefferson Hotel and the Commonwealth Club were both designed by the classically trained Beaux-Arts architects Carrère and Hastings. Many buildings on the University of Richmond campus, including Jeter Hall and Ryland Hall, were designed by Ralph Adams Cram, most famous for his Princeton University Chapel and the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.

Question: What architectural style was used to design Branch House?


Answer: John Russell Pope

Question: Who designed Branch House?


Answer: Union Station

Question: What is another name for Broad Street Station?


Answer: Beaux-Arts

Question: What style of architecture was used in the design of Union Station?


Answer: Carrère and Hastings

Question: Who designed the Commonwealth Club?


Answer: New Orleans

Context: Among Richmond's most interesting architectural features is its Cast-iron architecture. Second only to New Orleans in its concentration of cast iron work, the city is home to a unique collection of cast iron porches, balconies, fences, and finials. Richmond's position as a center of iron production helped to fuel its popularity within the city. At the height of production in the 1890, 25 foundries operated in the city employing nearly 3,500 metal workers. This number is seven times the number of general construction workers being employed in Richmond at the time which illustrates the importance of its iron exports. Porches and fences in urban neighborhoods such as Jackson Ward, Church Hill, and Monroe Ward are particularly elaborate, often featuring ornate iron casts never replicated outside of Richmond. In some cases cast were made for a single residential or commercial application.

Question: What United States city has the most cast iron architecture?


Answer: 1890

Question: In what year did iron production in Richmond peak?


Answer: seven times

Question: How many more iron workers than construction workers were being employed in Richmond in 1890?


Answer: Church Hill

Question: Along with Jackson and Monroe Wards, what neighborhood notably features cast-iron fences?


Answer: Minoru Yamasaki

Context: Richmond is home to several notable instances of various styles of modernism. Minoru Yamasaki designed the Federal Reserve Building which dominates the downtown skyline. The architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has designed two buildings: the Library of Virginia and the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building. Philip Johnson designed the WRVA Building. The Richard Neutra-designed Rice House, a residence on a private island on the James River, remains Richmond's only true International Style home. The W.G. Harris residence in Richmond was designed by famed early modern architect and member of the Harvard Five, Landis Gores. Other notable architects to have worked in the city include Rick Mather, I.M. Pei, and Gordon Bunshaft.

Question: Who was the designer of the Federal Reserve Building?


Answer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Question: Who designed the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building?


Answer: International

Question: What architectural style was the Rice House designed in?


Answer: Harvard

Question: What university was Landis Gores associated with?


Answer: W.G. Harris

Question: Who did Landis Gores design a home for?


Answer: Powhatan

Context: There are also parks on two major islands in the river: Belle Isle and Brown's Island. Belle Isle, at various former times a Powhatan fishing village, colonial-era horse race track, and Civil War prison camp, is the larger of the two, and contains many bike trails as well as a small cliff that is used for rock climbing instruction. One can walk the island and still see many of the remains of the Civil War prison camp, such as an arms storage room and a gun emplacement that was used to quell prisoner riots. Brown's Island is a smaller island and a popular venue of a large number of free outdoor concerts and festivals in the spring and summer, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series or the James River Beer and Seafood Festival.

Question: What Native American tribe at one time lived on Belle Isle?


Answer: Civil War

Question: During what conflict was Belle Isle used as a prison?


Answer: Belle Isle

Question: Between Brown's Island and Belle Isle, which is bigger?


Answer: Brown's Island

Question: On what island does the James River Beer and Seafood Festival take place?


Answer: weekly

Question: How often does Friday Cheers take place on Brown's Island?


Answer: Fan District

Context: Two other major parks in the city along the river are Byrd Park and Maymont, located near the Fan District. Byrd Park features a one-mile (1.6 km) running track, with exercise stops, a public dog park, and a number of small lakes for small boats, as well as two monuments, Buddha house, and an amphitheatre. Prominently featured in the park is the World War I Memorial Carillon, built in 1926 as a memorial to those that died in the war. Maymont, located adjacent to Byrd Park, is a 100-acre (40 ha) Victorian estate with a museum, formal gardens, native wildlife exhibits, nature center, carriage collection, and children's farm. Other parks in the city include Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden, Forest Hill Park (former site of the Forest Hill Amusement Park), Chimborazo Park (site of the National Battlefield Headquarters), among others.

Question: What part of Richmond is Maymont close to?


Answer: 1.6

Question: How many kilometers long is the track in Byrd Park?


Answer: two

Question: How many monuments can be found in Byrd Park?


Answer: 1926

Question: In what year was the World War I Memorial Carillon constructed?


Answer: Forest Hill Amusement Park

Question: What was previously located at the present location of Forest Hill Park?


Answer: Football

Context: Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia.

Question: What sport do the Washington Redskins play?


Answer: soccer

Question: What sport do the Richmond Kickers compete in?


Answer: San Francisco Giants

Question: With what Major League Baseball team are the Richmond Flying Squirrels associated?


Answer: City Stadium

Question: What is the home ground of the Richmond Kickers?


Answer: Georgia

Question: Where did the Richmond Braves move to?


Answer: 1962

Context: Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the "Toughest Track in the South" and "The Action Track", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin.

Question: When did the RIR begin to host the Capital City 400?


Answer: 2009

Question: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR?


Answer: southwest

Question: In what direction does one travel from Richmond to reach Southside Speedway?


Answer: oval

Question: What is the shape of Southside Speedway?


Answer: Toughest Track in the South

Question: Along with "The Action Track," what is a nickname of Southside Speedway?


Answer: Berkshire Hathaway

Context: The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company. Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications. RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly. The Richmond Free Press and the Voice cover the news from an African-American perspective.

Question: What company owns the company that owns the Richmond Times-Dispatch?


Answer: 120,000

Question: How many people buy the Richmond Times-Dispatch on Sunday?


Answer: Style Weekly

Question: What newspaper is published by Landmark Communications?


Answer: monthly

Question: Before switching to its current publication schedule, how often was RVA Magazine published?


Answer: Richmond Free Press

Question: Along with the Voice, what is Richmond's black-oriented news publication?


Answer: 553,950

Context: The Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. As of 2010[update], the Richmond-Petersburg designated market area (DMA) is the 58th largest in the U.S. with 553,950 homes according to Nielsen Market Research. The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV 6 (CBS), WRIC-TV 8 (ABC), WWBT 12 (NBC), WRLH-TV 35 (Fox), and WUPV 65 (CW). Public Broadcasting Service stations include WCVE-TV 23 and WCVW 57. There are also a wide variety of radio stations in the Richmond area, catering to many different interests, including news, talk radio, and sports, as well as an eclectic mix of musical interests.

Question: Per Nielsen, how many homes exist in the Richmond-Petersburg DMA?


Answer: 58th

Question: Where does the Richmind-Petersburg DMA rank in the United States?


Answer: CW

Question: With what network is WUPV 65 affiliated?


Answer: Public Broadcasting

Question: What type of channel is WCVW 57?


Answer: WTVR-TV 6

Question: What Richmond-area station is affiliated with CBS?


Answer: nine

Context: Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August.

Question: How many representatives make up the Richmond city council?


Answer: mayor

Question: What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch?


Answer: four

Question: How many years does the term of a Richmond city council representative last?


Answer: Mondays

Question: On what day of the week does the city council meet?


Answer: August

Question: In what month does the city council not meet?


Answer: Baptist

Context: In 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Richmond City Council. As the first African American Baptist Minister elected to the Richmond City Council, Prince's election paved the way for a political paradigm shift in politics that persist today. Following Prince's election, Reverend Gwendolyn Hedgepeth and the Reverend Leonidas Young, former Richmond Mayor were elected to public office. Prior to Prince's election black clergy made political endorsements and served as appointees to the Richmond School Board and other boards throughout the city. Today religion and politics continues to thrive in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Honorable Dwight C. Jones, a prominent Baptist pastor and former Chairman of the Richmond School Board and Member of the Virginia House of Delegates serves as Mayor of the City of Richmond.

Question: What is A. Carl Prince's religious affiliation?


Answer: Dwight C. Jones

Question: What is the current mayor of Richmond?


Answer: 1990

Question: In what year was the first black Baptist minister elected to the city council?


Answer: Eighth

Question: In what district did A. Carl Prince win election to the city council?


Answer: Richmond Crusade for Voters

Question: What political organization supported the city council candidacy of A. Carl Prince?


Answer: eight

Context: The city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it was named as one of Newsweek magazine's 18 "public elite" high schools, and in 2012, it was rated #16 of America's best high schools overall. Richmond's public school district also runs one of Virginia's four public charter schools, the Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts, which was founded in 2010.

Question: How many high schools are there in Richmond?


Answer: 24,000

Question: How many primary and secondary school students attend school in Richmond?


Answer: Maggie L. Walker

Question: For whom is the Governor's School in Richmond named?


Answer: 16

Question: Where was Richmond's Governor's School rated by Newsweek in 2012?


Answer: 2010

Question: When did Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts open its doors?


Answer: private

Context: The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private). Several community colleges are found in the metro area, including J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College and John Tyler Community College (Chesterfield County). In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Centura College. There are several vocational colleges also, such as Fortis College and Bryant Stratton College.

Question: What type of university is the University of Richmond?


Answer: South University - Richmond

Question: What is a for-profit university in Richmond?


Answer: Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond

Question: What does BTSR stand for?


Answer: Chesterfield County

Question: Where is John Tyler Community College located?


Answer: Virginia Commonwealth

Question: What is Richmond's public university?


Answer: 11

Context: The Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide. A record 3.3 million passengers used Richmond International Airport in 2006, a 13% increase over 2005.

Question: How many kilometers away from Richmond is Richmond International Airport?


Answer: an hour

Question: About how long does it take to drive from Richmond International Airport to Williamsburg?


Answer: nine

Question: How many airlines operate out of Richmond International?


Answer: 13

Question: What percentage increase in passenger traffic did Richmond International experience between 2005 and 2006?


Answer: southeast

Question: What direction do you travel to get from Richmond to Sandston?


Answer: 2910 N Boulevard

Context: Richmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provides curbside service from outside of Main Street Station, with fares starting at $1. Direct service is available to Washington, D.C., Hampton Roads, Charlotte, Raleigh, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Most other connections to Megabus served cites, such as New York, can be made from Washington, D.C. Richmond, and the surrounding metropolitan area, was granted[when?] a roughly $25 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to support a newly proposed Rapid Transit System, which would run along Broad Street from Willow Lawn to Rocketts Landing, in the first phase of an improved public transportation hub for the region.

Question: What is the street address if the Greyhound bus terminal in Richmond?


Answer: 7.5 hours

Question: How long does a bus trip from Richmond to New York City take?


Answer: $1

Question: What is the lowest fare on Megabus?


Answer: $25 million

Question: How much did the Department of Transportation give to Richmond for its Rapid Transit System?


Answer: Baltimore

Question: What city in Maryland does Megabus travel to?


Answer: Henrico, and Chesterfield

Context: Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield County have no public transportation despite dense housing, retail, and office development. According to a 2008 GRTC operations analysis report, a majority of GRTC riders utilize their services because they do not have an available alternative such as a private vehicle.

Question: What counties does the GRTC link to Richmond?


Answer: Innsbrook

Question: Along with Short Pump, what comprises the far part of the West End?


Answer: private vehicle

Question: According to a GRTC report, what is an example of what most of its riders lack?


Answer: Greater Richmond Transit Company

Question: What is GRTC an initialism of?


Answer: Staples Mill Road Station

Context: The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.

Question: What station services all southern rail traffic passing through Richmond?


Answer: Main Street Station

Question: What is the name of the railroad station inside Richmond proper?


Answer: 2004

Question: In what year was Richmond's railroad station renovated?


Answer: Newport News

Question: Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?


Answer: track layout

Question: Why does the Main Street Station only receive rail traffic from Newport News and Williamsburg?


Answer: Dominion Virginia Power

Context: Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. These include facilities in Chester, and Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown).

Question: Who is Richmond's electricity supplier?


Answer: nine

Question: How many states does Dominion Virginia Power operate in?


Answer: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station

Question: Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator?


Answer: Chester

Question: In what town is a coal-fired plant that provides power to Richmond located?


Answer: natural gas

Question: What type of power plant is Darbytown?


Answer: 61

Context: The wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per day of sanitary sewage and stormwater before returning it to the river. The wastewater utility also operates and maintains 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of sanitary sewer and pumping stations, 38 miles (61 km) of intercepting sewer lines, and the Shockoe Retention Basin, a 44-million-gallon stormwater reservoir used during heavy rains.

Question: How many kilometers of sewer lines exist in Richmond?


Answer: 44-million-gallon

Question: How much water is contained in Shockoe Retention Basin?


Answer: 62,000

Question: How many Richmond inhabitants get their water from the wastewater treatment plant?


Answer: 70 million gallons

Question: How much sewage and stormwater can the treatment plant adjacent to the James River treat daily?


Answer: Tijuana

Context: With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego is the birthplace of California and is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the United States Navy and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center.

Question: Which city in Mexico does San Diego border?


Answer: biotechnology development

Question: Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego?


Answer: United States Navy

Question: Of all military branches, which one has the strongest presence in San Diego?


Answer: deep-water

Question: What is unique about San Diego's harbors?


Answer: eighth

Question: Of the top 10 largest cities in the country, which place does San Diego rank?


Answer: Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

Context: Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly-independent Mexico, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. In 1850, it became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union.

Question: Who claimed the San Diego Bay area for Spain in 1542?


Answer: Kumeyaay

Question: What native people lived in the San Diego area before the Europeans arrived?


Answer: 1850

Question: In what year did San Diego become part of the United States?


Answer: 200

Question: After the land was claimed for Spain, how many years passed before the settlement of Alta began?


Answer: Sebastián Vizcaíno

Context: The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast. Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for the Catholic Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá. On November 12, 1602, the first Christian religious service of record in Alta California was conducted by Friar Antonio de la Ascensión, a member of Vizcaíno's expedition, to celebrate the feast day of San Diego.

Question: Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602?


Answer: Catholic Saint Didacus

Question: Who was the harbor named for?


Answer: Friar Antonio de la Ascensión

Question: Who conducted the first Christian service to be recorded in Alta?


Answer: San Salvador

Question: What was the name of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's ship?


Answer: Navidad, New Spain

Question: Where did Cabrillo leave from to embark on his journey to the West Coast?


Answer: Franciscan friars

Context: In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around the mission proper. Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks.

Question: Who did Junipero Serra commission to found the Mission San Diego de Alcala in 1769?


Answer: El Camino Real

Question: What historic trail starting point developed at Mission San Diego?


Answer: Fort Presidio of San Diego

Question: What was developed on a hill by the San Diego River?


Answer: 1,400

Question: How many neophytes resided in the San Diego area in 1797?


Answer: National Historic Landmarks

Question: What are the Presidio and Mission considered today?


Answer: Juan María Osuna

Context: In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and most of the Mission lands were sold to wealthy Californio settlers. The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde ("municipal magistrate"), defeating Pío Pico in the vote. (See, List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego.) However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents. Beyond town Mexican land grants expanded the number of California ranchos that modestly added to the local economy.

Question: Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?


Answer: Alta California

Question: What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821?


Answer: its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents

Question: Why did San Diego lose its pueblo status in 1838?


Answer: The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned

Question: What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill?


Answer: Pío Pico

Question: Who was in the running for the first alcalde position, but was defeated in the election?


Answer: Commodore Robert F. Stockton

Context: In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1 the Americans garrison learned that the dragoons of General Stephen W. Kearney were at Warner's Ranch. Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain Archibald Gillespie to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under Andrés Pico. In the ensuing Battle of San Pasqual, fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's battered and blockaded command.

Question: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north?


Answer: Battle of San Pasqual

Question: What battle took place in the San Pasqual Valley?


Answer: The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo

Question: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Americans out of the pueblo?


Answer: Lieutenant Gray

Question: Who led the group from San Diego that rescued Kearny's men?


Answer: three weeks

Question: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Diego before it was recaptured by Americans?


Answer: Treaty of Cahuenga

Context: Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was "for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco," and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.

Question: What treaty was used by Stockton and Kearny on January 1, 1847?


Answer: Mexican-American border

Question: What was established after negotiations over San Diego between the Mexcians and Americans?


Answer: Mexican–American War of 1846–48

Question: Which war played a role in ceding San Diego to the United States?


Answer: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Question: What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1848?


Answer: to include the entire bay within the United States

Question: Why was the border between Mexico and the United States established one league south of San Diego Bay's most southern tip?


Answer: 1850

Context: The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889. A city charter was re-established in 1889 and today's city charter was adopted in 1931.

Question: In what year did San Diego officially become a city?


Answer: Joshua H. Bean

Question: Who was San Diego's first mayor?


Answer: the city was bankrupt

Question: What happened two years after San Diego elected it's first mayor?


Answer: a board of trustees

Question: Who controlled San Diego's charter for 2 years after it was revoked by California legislature?


Answer: 1931

Question: When was San Diego's current charter adopted?


Answer: several miles away from navigable water

Context: The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses, a pier and an Army depot. In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became Downtown San Diego. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because of its location on San Diego Bay convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as Old Town, and became the economic and governmental heart of the city. Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878.

Question: What was the main flaw of San Diego's original location?


Answer: William Heath Davis

Question: Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location?


Answer: Alonzo Horton

Question: Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Diego?


Answer: the arrival of a railroad connection

Question: What happened in 1878 that played a role in San Diego's economic growth?


Answer: New Town

Question: What was San Diego's downtown area originally called?


Answer: Balboa Park

Context: In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this day as central features of the park. The buildings were intended to be temporary structures, but most remained in continuous use until they progressively fell into disrepair. Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style. The menagerie of exotic animals featured at the 1915 exposition provided the basis for the San Diego Zoo. During the 1950s there was a citywide festival called Fiesta del Pacifico highlighting the area's Spanish and Mexican past. In the 2010s there was a proposal for a large-scale celebration of the 100th anniversary of Balboa Park, but the plans were abandoned when the organization tasked with putting on the celebration went out of business.

Question: What park in San Diego hosted two World Fairs near the beginning of the 20th century?


Answer: Panama-California Exposition in 1915

Question: Where did many of the San Diego Zoo's exotic animals come from?


Answer: Fiesta del Pacifico

Question: What festival was celebrated in the 1950s in recognition of the city's Mexican and Spanish past?


Answer: Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style.

Question: What happened to many of the structures developed for the World Fairs?


Answer: California Pacific International Exposition

Question: Which World Fair was hosted in San Diego in 1935?


Answer: Fort Rosecrans

Context: The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station in Point Loma, and expanded greatly during the 1920s. By 1930, the city was host to Naval Base San Diego, Naval Training Center San Diego, San Diego Naval Hospital, Camp Matthews, and Camp Kearny (now Marine Corps Air Station Miramar). The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West". The city was home to important airplane developers and manufacturers like Ryan Airlines (later Ryan Aeronautical), founded in 1925, and Consolidated Aircraft (later Convair), founded in 1923. Charles A. Lindbergh's plane The Spirit of St. Louis was built in San Diego in 1927 by Ryan Airlines.

Question: What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1852?


Answer: Spirit of St. Louis

Question: What was the name of Charles A. Lindbergh's plane that was built in San Diego by Ryan Airlines?


Answer: Camp Kearny

Question: What was the original name of today's Marine Corps Air Station Miramar?


Answer: U.S. Navy

Question: What branch of the military began to have a strong presence in San Diego in 1901?


Answer: Consolidated Aircraft

Question: What airplane developer was founded in San Diego in 1923?


Answer: during and after World War II

Context: During World War II, San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865). During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for biological attack, starting with San Diego. The plan was called "Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night" and called for kamikaze planes filled with fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis) to crash into civilian population centers in the city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians. The plan was scheduled to launch on September 22, 1945, but was not carried out because Japan surrendered five weeks earlier.

Question: When did San Diego's population grow so rapidly that it nearly doubled?


Answer: Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night

Question: What was the name of the attack the Japanese had planned against San Diego?


Answer: fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis)

Question: What were the Japanese originally going to drop on San Diego from their kamikaze planes?


Answer: Japan surrendered five weeks earlier

Question: Why didn't the Japanese launch their planned attack on September 22, 1945?


Answer: tens of thousands of civilians

Question: How many civilians were the Japanese hoping to kill during their planned attack on San Diego?


Answer: the tuna capital of the world

Context: From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from Japan, and later from the Portuguese Azores and Italy whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like Little Italy and Point Loma. Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s.

Question: What nickname was San Diego given by the tuna canning industry in the 1970s?


Answer: more than 1,000

Question: How many jobs were created by the mid-1930s thanks to San Diego's tuna cannery that was developed in 1911?


Answer: rising costs and foreign competition

Question: Why were the canneries ultimately closed by the early 1980s?


Answer: Japan

Question: Immigrants from what country were primarily hired by the fishing fleets that supported the canneries??


Answer: Portuguese Azores

Question: From what region in Portugal did immigrants come from to work in San Diego's fishing industry?


Answer: east to west

Context: The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography. Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on the mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild. Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley which serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. The river used to flow into San Diego Bay and its fresh water was the focus of the earliest Spanish explorers.[citation needed] Several reservoirs and Mission Trails Regional Park also lie between and separate developed areas of the city.

Question: In what direction does the San Diego River run through the city?


Answer: reservoirs

Question: What bodies of water can be found separating different developed areas of the city?


Answer: small pockets of natural open space

Question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Diego?


Answer: San Diego River

Question: What divides the city's northern and southern segments?


Answer: San Diego Bay

Question: Where did the San Diego River once flow to?


Answer: Point Loma

Context: Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay. Balboa Park encompasses several mesas and canyons to the northeast, surrounded by older, dense urban communities including Hillcrest and North Park. To the east and southeast lie City Heights, the College Area, and Southeast San Diego. To the north lies Mission Valley and Interstate 8. The communities north of the valley and freeway, and south of Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, include Clairemont, Kearny Mesa, Tierrasanta, and Navajo. Stretching north from Miramar are the northern suburbs of Mira Mesa, Scripps Ranch, Rancho Peñasquitos, and Rancho Bernardo. The far northeast portion of the city encompasses Lake Hodges and the San Pasqual Valley, which holds an agricultural preserve. Carmel Valley and Del Mar Heights occupy the northwest corner of the city. To their south are Torrey Pines State Reserve and the business center of the Golden Triangle. Further south are the beach and coastal communities of La Jolla, Pacific Beach, Mission Beach, and Ocean Beach. Point Loma occupies the peninsula across San Diego Bay from downtown. The communities of South San Diego, such as San Ysidro and Otay Mesa, are located next to the Mexico–United States border, and are physically separated from the rest of the city by the cities of National City and Chula Vista. A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city.

Question: What community covers the area from Downtown San Diego to the peninsula?


Answer: next to the Mexico–United States border

Question: Where is Otay Mesa found within the city?


Answer: San Pasqual Valley

Question: Which valley is encompassed by the most northeast portion of San Diego?


Answer: La Jolla

Question: What is the only coastal community in San Diego without the word "beach" in its name?


Answer: El Cortez Hotel

Context: The development of skyscrapers over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963. As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building and Symphony Towers. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza, standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which was completed in 1991. The downtown skyline contains no super-talls, as a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings due to the proximity of San Diego International Airport. An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox.

Question: What was the first skyscraper built in San Diego that was over 300-feet tall?


Answer: 500 feet

Question: How tall is One America Plaza?


Answer: San Diego International Airport

Question: What played a role in determining the maximum height skyscrapers can be in San Diego?


Answer: Federal Aviation Administration

Question: What organization regulates building heights in San Diego?


Answer: Union Bank of California Building

Question: What bank spent time as being the tallest building in San Diego?


Answer: between December and March

Context: San Diego is one of the top-ten best climates in the Farmers' Almanac and is one of the two best summer climates in America as scored by The Weather Channel. Under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system, the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a semi-arid climate (BSh in the original classification and BSkn in modified Köppen classification) or a Mediterranean climate (Csa and Csb). San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches [230–330 mm] annually). Dewpoints in the summer months range from 57.0 °F (13.9 °C) to 62.4 °F (16.9 °C).

Question: When does San Diego receive most of its precipitation?


Answer: 201 days

Question: How many days of the year does San Diego typically experience temperatures above 70 degrees Fahrenheit ?


Answer: Weather Channel

Question: What ranked San Diego as having the country's best summer climate?


Answer: mild

Question: What type of weather can one expect to experience in San Diego in the winter?


Answer: semi-arid climate

Question: What type of climate is San Diego classified as having?


Answer: inland areas

Context: The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June gloom" period, a thick "marine layer" cloud cover will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. Sometimes the June gloom can last into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for the entire day. Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C). The city of El Cajon, just 10 miles (16 km) inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 88 °F (31 °C).

Question: What areas experience the most significant temperature variations?


Answer: 88 °F

Question: What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August?


Answer: a thick "marine layer" cloud cover

Question: What frequently blankets San Diego in May and June?


Answer: 50 °F (10 °C)

Question: What is the average January low temperature in downtown San Diego?


Answer: keep the air cool and damp

Question: What effect does the springtime cloud cover have on the temperature?


Answer: 2 inches (51 mm)

Context: Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more of rain. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year. Variability of rainfall can be extreme: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941 more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell in the city, whilst in the driest years as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm) has fallen for a full year. The wettest month on record has been December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm).

Question: What is the average rainfall in February along the coast?


Answer: wettest month on record

Question: What is significant about the weather that San Diego experienced in December 1921?


Answer: May through September

Question: What months are nearly completely dry in San Diego?


Answer: 10.65 inches (271 mm)

Question: What is the average annual precipitation along San Diego's coast?


Answer: higher elevation areas

Question: What areas of San Diego typically experienced the greatest rainfall?


Answer: Torrey pine

Context: Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.

Question: What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego?


Answer: chaparral

Question: What drought-resistant shrub is San Diego known for?


Answer: low elevations

Question: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Diego?


Answer: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats

Question: How is San Diego able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?


Answer: prone to wildfire

Question: What disadvantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?