Answer: The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders

Context: The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May. Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season. Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday evenings. It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and thus officially known as the Barclays Premier League and is colloquially known as the Premiership. Outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League (EPL).

Question: How many club members are there?


Answer: Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season.

Question: How many matches does each team play?


Answer: Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday evenings

Question: What days are most games played?


Answer: It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and thus officially known as the Barclays Premier League and is colloquially known as the Premiership.

Question: Who sponsors the Premier League?


Answer: Outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League (EPL).

Question: What name is the Premier League known as outside of the United Kingdom?


Answer: 20

Question: How many member clubs are shareholders in the Premier League?


Answer: August to May

Question: When do Premier League seasons run from?


Answer: 38

Question: How many matches do each team play?


Answer: Barclays Bank

Question: Who sponsors the Premier League?


Answer: English Premier League

Question: What is the Premier League commonly referred to outside the UK?


Answer: The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992

Context: The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14, with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively. The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights. In 2014/15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion.

Question: What date was the Premier League formed?


Answer: BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively.

Question: Who secured the domestic rights to broadcast games 116 and 38 respectively?


Answer: The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14

Question: How much was the deal worth?


Answer: The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights

Question: How much revenue does the league generate in domestic and international television rights?


Answer: In 2014/15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion.

Question: In 2014/15, how much were the teams apportioned in revenues?


Answer: 20 February 1992

Question: When was the Premier League originally formed?


Answer: 1888

Question: When was the Football League originally founded?


Answer: 116

Question: How many games were secured to broadcast by BSkyB?


Answer: 38

Question: How many games were secured to broadcast by BT Group?


Answer: €2.2 billion

Question: How much income does the Premier League generate per year in worldwide television rights?


Answer: The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world,

Context: The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. In the 2014–15 season, the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000, second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga's 43,500. Most stadium occupancies are near capacity. The Premier League rank second in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons.

Question: Is the Premier League the most watched football league in the world?


Answer: broadcast in 212 territories

Question: How many territories is the Premier League broadcast to?


Answer: a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people

Question: What is the potential television audience of the Premier League?


Answer: The Premier League rank second in the UEFA coefficients of leagues

Question: What is the Premier League's UEFA co-efficients of leagues rank?


Answer: the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000

Question: What is the average game attendance for the league?


Answer: 643 million

Question: To how many homes is the Premier League broadcast to?


Answer: 36,000

Question: What average attendance number was exceeded by the Premier League in the 2014-15 season?


Answer: Bundesliga

Question: Which league has the highest average attendance in professional football?


Answer: 212

Question: To how many territories is the Premier League broadcast to?


Answer: 4.7 billion

Question: What is the potential television audience of the Premier League?


Answer: the late '80s had marked a low point for English football

Context: Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.

Question: When was the low point for English football?


Answer: Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife

Question: Why was there a low point for English football?


Answer: English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985.

Question: Why were the English clubs banned from European competition in the 1980's?


Answer: The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888

Question: Had the Football League First Division ever been in the top level?


Answer: 1985

Question: In which year were English football clubs banned from competition in Europe?


Answer: five years

Question: How long were the clubs banned for?


Answer: moved abroad

Question: What did English players do after the ban?


Answer: revenues

Question: When attendance dropped to the Football League First Division, what else decreased?


Answer: by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse

Context: However, by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals. UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990 (resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991) and the Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January of that year.

Question: When did the downward trend of the English Football start to turn around?


Answer: England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals.

Question: Was England successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?


Answer: UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990

Question: Did the UEFA remove the 5 year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990?


Answer: (resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991

Question: What did the removal of the ban result in?


Answer: proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster

Question: Did the Taylor Report on stadiums safety standards propose expensive upgrades to stadiums?


Answer: 1990

Question: In which year did English football's downward trend stop thanks to England making it to the FIFA World Cup semi-finals?


Answer: 1990

Question: In which year was the English club ban lifted by UEFA?


Answer: 1991

Question: In which year shortly thereafter did Manchester United win the UEFA Winners' Cup?


Answer: January

Question: In which month was the Taylor Report published?


Answer: 1990

Question: In which year was the Taylor Report published?


Answer: the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986

Context: Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league", but were eventually persuaded to stay. As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the country's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

Question: How much money did the Football League receive in revenues from television money for a two year agreement in 1986?


Answer: deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years.

Question: In 1998, the deal was renewed for what amount over four years?


Answer: ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league"

Question: In 1988, how many clubs threateded to leave and form another league?


Answer: to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

Question: Why did some of the top teams consider leaving the Football league?


Answer: £44 million

Question: What did the Football League's television agreement price rise to in 1988?


Answer: 1988

Question: When was the first year that clubs threatened to leave the Football League?


Answer: £6.3 million

Question: What price was set for Football League television rights in 1986?


Answer: two

Question: For how many years was the 1986 television rights contract?


Answer: four

Question: For how many years was the 1988 television rights contract?


Answer: At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal was tabled

Context: At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League. The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. The argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow English clubs to compete with teams across Europe.

Question: In 1991, was a proposal for a new league postponed?


Answer: established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.

Question: What did this agreement establish?


Answer: The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991

Question: When was the Founder Members Agreement signed?


Answer: The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League

Question: Would the new top division have commerical independence from the Football Association as well as the Football League?


Answer: giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements.

Question: Would the FA Premier League be able to negotiate their broadcasting and sponsorship agreements?


Answer: 17 July 1991

Question: On which day was the Founder Members Agreement signed?


Answer: extra income

Question: What was the argument made for the splitting off of the FA Premier League which would lead to being able to compete across Europe?


Answer: 1991

Question: In which year was the proposal for a new league tabled?


Answer: The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League.

Context: The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money. The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position.

Question: Why did Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television meet with representatives of the biggest five English football clubs in 1990?


Answer: Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television

Question: Why did Dyke only want the larger clubs featured on national television?


Answer: The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it

Question: Did the five clubs think this was a good idea?


Answer: David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea

Question: Were talks held with the Football Association to see if they were okay with this plan?


Answer: Greg Dyke

Question: Who was the London Weekend Television's managing director?


Answer: 1990

Question: In which year did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?


Answer: England

Question: In which country did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?


Answer: David Dein

Question: Which Arsenal representative held talks with the Football Association about getting their backing for the new league?


Answer: weaken the Football League's position

Question: What did the Football Association want to do through building a relationship with the new league?


Answer: In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse

Context: In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted.

Question: When did the First Division clubs resign from the Football League?


Answer: on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate.

Question: When was the FA Premier League formed as a limited company?


Answer: the Premier League would operate with a single division

Question: How many divisions did the Premier League start out with at this time?


Answer: the Football League with three

Question: How many divisions did the Football League after the the Premier League was founded?


Answer: There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight

Question: Was there a change in the competition format after the Premier League was formed?


Answer: 27 May 1992

Question: On which date was the FA Premier League formed legally?


Answer: Football Association

Question: Out of which organization's headquarters did the original FA Premier League staff operate out of?


Answer: 104

Question: How old was the Football League when the break-up happened?


Answer: three

Question: How many divisions were left in the Football League after the split?


Answer: a single division

Question: How many divisions did the Premier League start with after the split?


Answer: The league held its first season in 1992–93

Context: The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.

Question: When did the Premier League hold its first season?


Answer: was originally composed of 22 clubs.

Question: Originally, how many clubs did the Premier League have?


Answer: The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.

Question: Who scored the first ever goal for the Premier League


Answer: Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division

Question: Which blubs were relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991-1992 season and didn't take part in the first Premier League season?


Answer: 1992–93

Question: In which years were the first season?


Answer: 22

Question: How many clubs originally made up the league?


Answer: Brian Deane

Question: Who scored the first goal in the Premier League?


Answer: Sheffield United

Question: For which team was the first goal scored?


Answer: Manchester United

Question: Against which team was the first goal scored?


Answer: the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United

Context: One significant feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s was the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United. During this decade, and particularly from 2002 to 2009, they dominated the top four spots, which came with UEFA Champions League qualification, taking all top four places in 5 out of 6 seasons from 2003–04 to 2008–09 inclusive, with Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League. In May 2008 Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division, "This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world." Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: "There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."

Question: What was an important feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s?


Answer: Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04

Question: Which team had no losses in 2003-2004 and ended up winning the league?


Answer: Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division,

Question: Why was Kevin Keegan concerned about the league in May of 2008?


Answer: Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League.

Question: Since 2003-04, has any club won all of its games like Arsenal did?


Answer: 5

Question: In how many season from 2003 to 2009 did the "Big Four" take all four top places in the UEFA Champions League?


Answer: Arsenal

Question: Which of the "Big Four" teams did not lose a single game in the 2003-04 season?


Answer: Kevin Keegan

Question: Who stated that "Big Four" dominance was a threat to the division?


Answer: Richard Scudamore

Question: Who said that all of the tussles in the Premier League made it interesting, even if only four teams dominated?


Answer: Premier League chief executive

Question: What was Richard Scudamore's job?


Answer: In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005

Context: The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Big Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four. In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95. That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since 1994–95.

Question: Which team finished fourth in the 2009-10 season?


Answer: due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs.

Question: Why was there critcism of the elite clubs?


Answer: That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four

Question: Which two "Big Four" clubs did not finish in the top four in the 2011-12 season?


Answer: Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95.

Question: Since 1994-95, who was the first club out side of the "Big Four" to win the title


Answer: Tottenham

Question: In the 2009-10 season, which team was the first to break into the "Big Four" since 2005?


Answer: fourth

Question: In which position did Tottenham finish in the 2009-10 season?


Answer: Manchester City

Question: In 2011-12, which club was the first non-"Big Four" team to win since 1994-95?


Answer: two

Question: In 2011-12, how many "Big Four" clubs finished outside the top four places in the league?


Answer: Everton

Question: In 2005, which was the only non-"Big Four" team to break the top four?


Answer: the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995

Context: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.

Question: What was the number of clubs reduced to in 1995.


Answer: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football

Question: In 1995, who requested that domestic leagues lower the amount of games played.


Answer: FIFA

Question: Who insisted that the number of games played in each domestic league must be reduced?


Answer: 20

Question: In 1995, what was the number of clubs in the league reduced to?


Answer: 8 June 2006

Question: On which date did FIFA request that all European leagues reduce the number of teams within themselves to 18?


Answer: 20

Question: In the 2007-08 season, how many teams was the Premier League left with?


Answer: four

Question: How many teams were relegated from the Premier League in 1995?


Answer: Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.

Context: The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999. The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance. The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

Question: How many votes does each Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) club have on issues?


Answer: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 199

Question: Who is the chairman of the FAPL and when was he appointed?


Answer: John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.

Question: Why did John Quinton and Peter Leaver resign as chairman and chief excutive?


Answer: has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

Question: Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?


Answer: member clubs

Question: Who owns the Football Association Premier League?


Answer: one

Question: How many votes do the member clubs of the Premier League have each?


Answer: the daily operations of the league

Question: What do the people each club elect oversee?


Answer: Sir Dave Richards

Question: Who is the current chairman of the Premier League?


Answer: Richard Scudamore

Question: Who is the current CEO of the Premier League?


Answer: the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients.

Context: The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur. The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

Question: Who decides on how many Premeir League representatives there are for the European Club Association?


Answer: For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association

Question: How many representatives does the Premier League have for the European Club Association for 2012-13?


Answer: The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee

Question: How many members does the European Club Association elect for the UEFA's Club Competitions Committee?


Answer: Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

Question: Which competitions does the Club Competitions Committee have a say in?


Answer: UEFA coefficients

Question: According to what are the number of and which clubs chosen to attend the European Club Association?


Answer: 10

Question: How many representatives did the Premier League have in the European Club Association during the 2012-13 season?


Answer: three

Question: How many members is the European Club Association responsible for electing to the UEFA Club Competitions Committee?


Answer: During the course of a season (from August to May)

Context: There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place.

Question: When does the Premier League have its playing season?


Answer: each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games.

Question: How many games does each club play each season?


Answer: Teams receive three points for a win

Question: How many points does each club receive for each win?


Answer: Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored.

Question: Which criteria is used to rank the clubs?


Answer: If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.

Question: How is a tie for the championship handled?


Answer: 20

Question: How many clubs are currently in the Premier League?


Answer: August

Question: Which month marks the start of a Premier League season?


Answer: May

Question: Which month marks the start of a Premier League season?


Answer: twice

Question: How many times does each club play every other club?


Answer: 38

Question: How many total games does each club in the Premier League play per season?


Answer: The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League

Context: The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League, and the sixth and seventh-placed teams can also qualify, depending on the winners of the two domestic cup competitions i.e. the FA Cup and the Capital One Cup (League Cup). Two Europa League places are reserved for the winners of each tournament; if the winner of either the FA Cup or League Cup qualifies for the Champions League, then that place will go to the next-best placed finisher in the Premier League. A further place in the UEFA Europa League is also available via the Fair Play initiative. If the Premier League has one of the three highest Fair Play rankings in Europe, the highest ranked team in the Premier League Fair Play standings which has not already qualified for Europe will automatically qualify for the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round.

Question: What will a fifth place Premier League team qualify for?


Answer: Two Europa League places are reserved for the winners of each tournament;

Question: What places are reserved for the FA Cup and the League Cup winners?


Answer: will automatically qualify for the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round

Question: Why is it important to have a high Fair Play ranking?


Answer: that place will go to the next-best placed finisher in the Premier League.

Question: If a team already qualifies for the Champions League and they winner the FA Cup or the League Cup will another team get to qualify for the Champions League?


Answer: Two

Question: How many Europa League places are reserved for domestic tournament winners?


Answer: UEFA Europa League

Question: To which league is the fifth place Premier League team automatically qualified for?


Answer: first

Question: The team which has the highest ranking in the Fair Play standings is guaranteed qualification for which qualifying round in the Europa League?


Answer: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League

Context: An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers. UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League. This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League the previous year, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.

Question: Which team did not qualifty for Champions League in 2005 but was able to particpate?


Answer: in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place

Question: Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005?


Answer: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.

Question: How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005?


Answer: UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing.

Question: Do defending champtions get to play in the following year's Champions League if they don't have enough wins to qualify


Answer: No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League

Question: How many winning teams from an association can participate in the Champions League?


Answer: Liverpool

Question: Which team received special dispensation from the UEFA in 2005 so they could enter the Champions League?


Answer: the defending champions

Question: Who did UEFA rule should automatically qualify for the Champions League?


Answer: the fourth-placed team

Question: At which team's expense does the previous champion's automatic entry into the Champions League without placing in the top four come?


Answer: Chelsea

Question: In 2012, which team was automatically qualified for the champion's league even though they did not place in the top four?


Answer: Tottenham Hotspur

Question: Which team was denied entry into the Champions League in 2012 due to being bumped out of the running by the defending champion?


Answer: Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times

Context: Between the 1992–93 season and the 2012–13 season, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here). The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008), and they have also been runners-up twice, behind Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins, and Spain's La Liga and Italy's Serie A with two wins each (see table here).

Question: How many times have Premier League teams have won the Champions League since 1992-2013?


Answer: won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008)

Question: How many times has the Premier League won the World Cup (FIFA Club) during that same time period?


Answer: they have also been runners-up twice,

Question: How many times have Premier League teams been runners up in the World Cup?


Answer: four

Question: How many times did Premier League clubs win the Champions League between 1992 and 2013?


Answer: five

Question: How many runners up in the Champions League were from the Premier League between 1992 and 2013?


Answer: La Liga

Question: Which league had the most Champions League wins between 1992 and 2013?


Answer: Serie A

Question: Which league had the second most Champions League wins between 1992 and 2013?


Answer: Bundesliga

Question: Which league had only three Champions League wins between 1992 and 2013?


Answer: the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues

Context: The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.

Question: What were some of the reasons for the increased revenues in 2013-14?


Answer: total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.

Question: What are the Premier League's revenues for 2009-10?


Answer: In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category

Question: Which award did the Premier League win in 2010?


Answer: for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.

Question: Why did it receive this award?


Answer: the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues

Question: What were the Premier League's net profits in 2013-14?


Answer: Premier League

Question: Which league has the highest revenue in the world?


Answer: €2.48 billion

Question: What were the total revenues of the Premier League in the 2009-10 season?


Answer: £78 million

Question: What were the net profits of the Premier League in 2013-14?


Answer: 2010

Question: In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award?


Answer: In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League

Context: In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion. The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011. In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup. The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

Question: Did Swansea qualify for the Europa Leaque in 2012-13?


Answer: Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011.

Question: When was Swansea City's home match played against Wigan Athletic?


Answer: The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14,

Question: In 2013-14, how much did the Premier League's Welsh clubs increase by?


Answer: Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup.

Question: How did Swansea qualify for the Europa League?


Answer: in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

Question: Which team gained promotion then but was relegated after its first season?


Answer: 2011

Question: In which year did a Welsh club participate in the Premier League for the first time?


Answer: Swansea City

Question: Which team was promoted to the Premier League in 2011?


Answer: Liberty Stadium

Question: In which stadium was the first Premier League match played outside of England?


Answer: 20 August 2011

Question: On which date did Swansea City play its first Premier League game?


Answer: Wigan Athletic

Question: Against which team did Swansea City play its first Premier League game?


Answer: in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland,

Context: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.

Question: Which team received permission to move to Dublin, Ireland in 1998?


Answer: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result.

Question: Are there any clubs Scotland or Ireland in the Premier League?


Answer: Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers,

Question: What are Scotland's two largest teams?


Answer: the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.

Question: Why didn't they move to Dublin?


Answer: Wimbledon

Question: Which team received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin?


Answer: 1998

Question: In which year did a Premier League team consider relocating to Ireland?


Answer: the media

Question: Who occasionally discusses a Scottish team joining the Premier League?


Answer: The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992

Context: Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

Question: Who received broadcasting rights to the Premier League in 1992?


Answer: pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market,

Question: Why was this a unique decision?


Answer: the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

Question: What happened to the Premier League's televsion rights after this decision?


Answer: a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game

Question: What was the cause of this?


Answer: 1992

Question: In which year did the Premier League decide to give BSkyB broadcasting rights?


Answer: pay television

Question: What sort of television was BSkyB that made it such a radical broadcaster to choose for the Premier League?


Answer: other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually

Context: The Premier League sells its television rights on a collective basis. This is in contrast to some other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs. The money is divided into three parts: half is divided equally between the clubs; one quarter is awarded on a merit basis based on final league position, the top club getting twenty times as much as the bottom club, and equal steps all the way down the table; the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this. The income from overseas rights is divided equally between the twenty clubs.

Question: Do European Leagues sell their television rights per a collective level?


Answer: a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs

Question: What happens when European Leagues sell their televsion rights individually?


Answer: The money is divided into three parts:

Question: How is the teleivsion revenue distributed in the Premier League?


Answer: half is divided equally between the clubs

Question: How is half of the money distributed?


Answer: the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this.

Question: How is the final quarter of the money distributed?


Answer: collective basis

Question: On what sort of basis does the Premier League sell its television rights?


Answer: individually

Question: How does La Liga sell its broadcasting rights?


Answer: the top few clubs

Question: Which clubs get the greatest share of broadcasting income when rights are sold individually?


Answer: half

Question: What percentage of broadcasting revenue is divided equally by all La Liga clubs?


Answer: one quarter

Question: What percentage of broadcasting revenue is awarded on a merit basis according to ranking at the end of the season?


Answer: The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons.

Context: The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons. The third contract was a £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001–02 to 2003–04. The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004–05 to 2006–07. It sold the rights itself on a territory-by-territory basis. Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available. This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company. Sky and Setanta paid a total of £1.7 billion, a two-thirds increase which took many commentators by surprise as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid growth. Setanta also hold rights to a live 3 pm match solely for Irish viewers. The BBC has retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons (on Match of the Day) for £171.6 million, a 63 per cent increase on the £105 million it paid for the previous three-year period. Sky and BT have agreed to jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games (that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet) in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 pm on matchday. Overseas television rights fetched £625 million, nearly double the previous contract. The total raised from these deals is more than £2.7 billion, giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010.

Question: How much was the amount of first five seasons of the Sky television rights?


Answer: The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004–05 to 2006–07

Question: How much many did the Premier League make from selling its internation rights during 2004-07?


Answer: Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available.

Question: What happened to Sky's agreement in 2006.


Answer: This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company.

Question: Why did this happen?


Answer: giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010.

Question: What was the average income from media from 2007-2010 for the Premier League?


Answer: five

Question: How many seasons did the first television rights contract award to Sky?


Answer: £304 million

Question: How much was the first television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?


Answer: £670 million

Question: How much was the second television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?


Answer: £1.024 billion

Question: How much was the third television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?


Answer: Setanta Sports

Question: By being awarded television rights, which other network broke Sky's monopoly on Premier League coverage?


Answer: The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel

Context: The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel, and a number of court cases have arisen as a result. An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position. In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.

Question: Why has there been a several court cases against Sky and Premier League?


Answer: Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim

Question: What did the Office of Fair Trading decide regarding the claim that Sky abuses their position in 2002.


Answer: In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court,

Question: Who investigated the Premier League's collective selling rights in 1999?


Answer: the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.

Question: What did they decide about the collective selling issue?


Answer: a cartel

Question: What has the agreement between the Premier League and Sky been accused of being?


Answer: the Office of Fair Trading

Question: Who investigated the agreement between the Premier League and Sky in 2002?


Answer: the UK Restrictive Practices Court

Question: Who investigated how the Premier League sold television rights in 1999?


Answer: Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion.

Context: The BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings when fixtures justify, will run until 2016. Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion. On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing a total of 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010–11 to 2012–13. On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year. The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year. The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights. The value of the licensing deal rose by another 70.2% in 2015, when Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.

Question: How much money did Premier League earn regarding television rights in 2010-13?


Answer: BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year.

Question: How many games did BT show in 2013-16?


Answer: The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year.

Question: Who will show 116 games for that same time period?


Answer: The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights.

Question: How much have the domestic televsion rights increased from 2010-12 to 2012-13?


Answer: Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.

Question: How much did BT and Sky pay for their rights up to the 2018-19 season?


Answer: 2016

Question: When will the BBC's weekend highlights package run out?


Answer: £1.782 billion

Question: How much were Premier League television rights from 2010 to 2013 purchased for?


Answer: 22 June 2009

Question: When did Setanta Sports fail to meet their payments deadline?


Answer: ESPN

Question: When Setanta Sports could not pay their bill to the league, which network took over broadcast rights from them?


Answer: 13 June 2012

Question: On which date was it announced that BT was awarded a broadcasting contract?


Answer: The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme

Context: The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme. In Australia, Fox Sports broadcasts almost all of the season's 380 matches live, and Foxtel gives subscribers the option of selecting which Saturday 3pm match to watch. In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports. In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season. As of the 2013–14 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN, with both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season.

Question: What country is the Premier League the most distributed televised sports broadcast?


Answer: In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports. In China

Question: Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in India?


Answer: In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season.

Question: Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in China?


Answer: As of the 2013–14 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN

Question: Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in Canada?


Answer: both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season.

Question: How many games does each of them broadcast?


Answer: Asia

Question: On which continent other than Europe is the Premier League especially popular?


Answer: Fox Sports

Question: Which network is the main live broadcaster of Premier League in Australia?


Answer: Foxtel

Question: Which network in Australia offers viewers the choice of which Saturday afternoon match they watch?


Answer: STAR Sports

Question: Which network broadcasts Premier League live in India?


Answer: Super Sports

Question: Which Chinese broadcaster has Premier League rights?


Answer: The Premier League is broadcast in the United States through NBC Sports.

Context: The Premier League is broadcast in the United States through NBC Sports. Premier League viewership has increased rapidly, with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season, up 118% from 2012–13 when coverage still aired on Fox Soccer and ESPN/ESPN2 (220,000 viewers), and NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage. NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).

Question: Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in the United States?


Answer: with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season

Question: What was the average viewership in the United States during the 2014-15 season?


Answer: NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015

Question: How many years did NBC Sports receive an extension for with the Premier League in 2015?


Answer: in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).

Question: What was the value of this extension?


Answer: through the 2021–22 season

Question: When will this extension end?


Answer: NBC Sports

Question: Which American broadcaster shows the Premier League currently?


Answer: 118%

Question: By what percentage has viewership in the US risen from 2012 to 2015?


Answer: 479,000

Question: How many viewers on average watched the Premier League 2014-15 season in the US?


Answer: 2015

Question: In which year did NBC Sports secure an extension of six years with the Premier League?


Answer: $1 billion

Question: How much was the NBC broadcasting deal with the Premier League worth in 2015?


Answer: in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues,

Context: There has been an increasing gulf between the Premier League and the Football League. Since its split with the Football League, many established clubs in the Premier League have managed to distance themselves from their counterparts in lower leagues. Owing in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues, many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League. In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League. In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season.

Question: Why has their been distance between the Premier League and the Football League?


Answer: many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League.

Question: Did many new teams in the Premier League have any difficulties in their initial season?


Answer: In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League.

Question: Was it unusual for a new team to go back to the Football League after their first season in the Premier League?


Answer: In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season.

Question: In the 1997-98 season how many new teams had to go back to the Football League?


Answer: newly promoted teams

Question: Due to the disparity in television rights revenue between leagues, who struggles to avoid relegation in their Premier League first season?


Answer: one

Question: In every season but 2001-02 and 2011-12, at least how many Premier League teams have been relegated?


Answer: three

Question: How many newly promoted clubs were relegated from the Premier League in 1997-98?


Answer: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments".

Context: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons. Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (the average Premier League team receives £55 million while the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million), critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation. For some clubs who have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League, financial problems, including in some cases administration or even liquidation have followed. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have ensued for several clubs unable to cope with the gap.

Question: If a team is relegated in the Premier League what type of tv payment do they receive?


Answer: critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,

Question: What do critics have to say about this payment?


Answer: financial problems

Question: What has happened to some of the clubs who weren't able to get back into the Premier League right away?


Answer: the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million

Question: How much does a Football League club receive on average for their television revenues?


Answer: the average Premier League team receives £55 million

Question: How does this compare an average Premier League team?


Answer: relegated

Question: To which type of team are parachute payments distributed to in the Premier League?


Answer: £60 million

Question: Starting in the 2013-14 season, parachute payments are in excess of what amount of revenue?


Answer: the gap

Question: What is said to widen between clubs who reach the Premier League and those who do not thanks to parachute payments?


Answer: as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater

Context: As of the 2015–16 season, Premier League football has been played in 53 stadiums since the formation of the Premier League in 1992. The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished; as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater. Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums. Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2010–11 season show a large disparity in capacity: Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United has a capacity of 75,957 with Bloomfield Road, the home of Blackpool, having a capacity of 16,220. The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

Question: What was the result of their recommendation?


Answer: a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished

Question: What did the Taylor Report recommend at the the Hillsborough disaster in 1989?


Answer: Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished.

Question: How many stadiums have been closed down since Premier League started?


Answer: The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

Question: What was the total seating capacity of stadiums in the Premier League in the 2010-11 season.


Answer: 53

Question: In how many stadiums had Premier League been played as of the 2015-16 season?


Answer: standing terraces

Question: What did the Taylor Report recommend to abolish from all stadiums?


Answer: Nine

Question: How many stadiums in which the Premier League has been played have been demolished as of 2016?


Answer: 16,220

Question: What is the capacity of Bloomfield Road stadium?


Answer: 770,477

Question: What is the combined total capacity of all stadiums in the Premier League as of 2011?


Answer: Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs.

Context: Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616. This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93). However, during the 1992–93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.

Question: Are attendance remittances that important to the Premier League?


Answer: The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.

Question: What was the Premier Leagues standard attendance in the 2007-08 season?


Answer: the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93).

Question: What was the league's first year attendance average?


Answer: in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million,

Question: Attendance for the 2013-14 season set a new record of how much?


Answer: 34,215

Question: What was the average attendance for all Premier League clubs during the 2009-10 season?


Answer: 13,001,616

Question: What was the total attendance of all Premier League games during the 2009-10 season?


Answer: 13,089

Question: By how many attendees did the average Premier League attendance increase between 1992 and 2009?


Answer: 1994–95

Question: For when did the Taylor Report set the deadline for replacing terraces with seats in stadiums?


Answer: 2007–08

Question: During which season did the Premier League set a record average attendance of over 36,000 people?


Answer: Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition.

Context: Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences. The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e. more than 12 weeks – the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control). Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker; examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.

Question: What are some of the every day tasks that a manager of a team has to deal with?


Answer: Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence

Question: What type of licence does a manager need?


Answer: The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis

Question: Is this licence required on a permanent basis?


Answer: examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.

Question: Give an example of someone who was a caretaker manager?


Answer: Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment.

Question: What is a caretaker manager?


Answer: UEFA Pro Licence

Question: What license are managers in the Premier League required to hold?


Answer: UEFA Pro Licence

Question: Which licence follows completion of both the UEFA B and A licences?


Answer: 12 weeks

Question: For how long at most is an unlicenced caretaker manager allowed to control a Premier League team for?


Answer: Paul Hart

Question: Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Portsmouth?


Answer: David Pleat

Question: Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Tottenham Hotspur?


Answer: On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,

Context: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match. By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

Question: Which team in 1999 had a line-up for starting that was consisted of all foreign players?


Answer: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches

Question: At the beginning of the Premier League how many foreign players were there for the first round of games?


Answer: By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total.

Question: By the 2000-1 season what was the percentage of foreign players?


Answer: on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match

Question: Which team in 2005 had all-foreign team players?


Answer: By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

Question: In 2009, what percent of the players were English in the Premier League?


Answer: eleven

Question: How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland?


Answer: 36

Question: By 2000-01, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?


Answer: 45

Question: By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?


Answer: 26 December 1999

Question: On which date did Chelsea host an entirely foreign starting line-up and therefore become the first team to do so?


Answer: 14 February 2005

Question: On which date did Arsenal name a fully foreign 16-man squad for a match?


Answer: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players

Context: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

Question: Why did the Home Office change it rules regardin work permits in 1999?


Answer: A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches

Question: What was one of their changes?


Answer: his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years.

Question: What was another requirement of foreign players?


Answer: If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

Question: Could a club appeal a requirement?


Answer: 1999

Question: In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players?


Answer: 75

Question: For what percent must a player play of the competitive A team matches for which he was available for selection in the previous two years to get a work permit from the Home OFfice?


Answer: 70th place

Question: Over the last two years, what rank must a player's team average at least in order for them to receive a work permit from the Home Office?


Answer: appeal

Question: What can a club do if a player they wish to sign does not meet the Home Office's work permit requirements?


Answer: The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January.

Context: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.

Question: When are the transfer windows?


Answer: Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.

Question: Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows?


Answer: As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21,

Question: What new rule was put into practice during the 2010-11 season?


Answer: This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted,

Question: Why was this new rule put into effect?


Answer: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.

Question: When can a player be transferred?


Answer: transfer windows

Question: During which time can a player be transferred from one European football league to another?


Answer: two

Question: How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?


Answer: emergency

Question: On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced?


Answer: 25

Question: What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team?


Answer: 8

Question: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?


Answer: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition.

Context: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few seasons, until Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996. The three highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling end, with Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013, Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009, and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

Question: Have transfer fees been increasing over the past years?


Answer: Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996.

Question: What was the record breaking transfer fee in 1996?


Answer: Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009,

Question: In 2009, what was the transfer fee for Cristiano Ronaldo?


Answer: Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013,

Question: What was the transfer fee for Gareth Bale in 2013.


Answer: Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

Question: What was Luis Suarez's transfer fee in 2014?


Answer: Alan Shearer

Question: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £3 million?


Answer: Alan Shearer

Question: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £15 million?


Answer: Newcastle United

Question: Who paid £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?


Answer: 1996

Question: In which year did Newcastle United pay £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?


Answer: £85 million

Question: For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013?


Answer: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.

Context: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.

Question: Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season?


Answer: Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260

Question: Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?


Answer: Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark

Question: How many players have achieved 100 goals?


Answer: 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.

Question: How many different players have won the top scorer title?


Answer: Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.

Question: Who has the record for scoring the most goals in single season?


Answer: the top Premier League scorer

Question: To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?


Answer: 260

Question: Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League?


Answer: Twenty-four

Question: How many players have 100 goals or more in the Premier League?


Answer: 14

Question: How many different players have won or shared the top scorer title in the Premier League?


Answer: Thierry Henry

Question: Who had scored four overall scoring titles as of the 2006 season?


Answer: The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football.

Context: Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

Question: What is the Premier League Championship trophy based on?


Answer: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy

Question: Where on the trophy can two of the lions be seen?


Answer: the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season

Question: Where can the third lion be seen?


Answer: The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

Question: What do the ribbons on the trophy mean?


Answer: malachite

Question: The Golden Boot is made of sterling silver, silver gilt and which semi-precious stone?


Answer: silver

Question: On what type of metal band are the title-winning clubs listed on the Golden Boot?


Answer: the green field of play

Question: What does the green colour of Malachite on the Golden Boot represent?


Answer: Two

Question: How many lions are found on the Golden Boot?


Answer: the captain of the title winning team

Question: Who symbolizes the third lion not found on the Golden Boot trophy?


Answer: 509 BC

Context: The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.

Question: When did the Roman Republic begin?


Answer: 27 BC

Question: When did the Roman Republic end?


Answer: the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom

Question: What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic?


Answer: 31 BC

Question: When was Cleopatra defeated at the Battle of Actium?


Answer: Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian

Question: What do most consider to be the event that ended the Roman Republic?


Answer: citizens

Context: Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry to the founding of Rome, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked. Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures (later codified into the Justinian Code, and again into the Napoleonic Code) can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations.

Question: Who elected consuls in the Roman government?


Answer: leading plebeian families

Question: Who eventually became full members of the aristocracy?


Answer: the Justinian Code

Question: What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into?


Answer: appointed magistrates

Question: What was the senate that advised consuls in the Roman government comprised of?


Answer: political success

Question: What went hand and hand with military success?


Answer: inter-state factors

Context: The exact causes and motivations for Rome's military conflicts and expansions during the republic are subject to wide debate. While they can be seen as motivated by outright aggression and imperialism, historians typically take a much more nuanced view. They argue that Rome's expansion was driven by short-term defensive and inter-state factors (that is, relations with city-states and kingdoms outside Rome's hegemony), and the new contingencies that these decisions created. In its early history, as Rome successfully defended itself against foreign threats in central and then northern Italy, neighboring city-states sought the protection a Roman alliance would bring. As such, early republican Rome was not an "empire" or "state" in the modern sense, but an alliance of independent city-states (similar to the Greek hegemonies of the same period) with varying degrees of genuine independence (which itself changed over time) engaged in an alliance of mutual self-protection, but led by Rome. With some important exceptions, successful wars in early republican Rome generally led not to annexation or military occupation, but to the restoration of the way things were. But the defeated city would be weakened (sometimes with outright land concessions) and thus less able to resist Romanizing influences, such as Roman settlers seeking land or trade with the growing Roman confederacy. It was also less able to defend itself against its non-Roman enemies, which made attack by these enemies more likely. It was, therefore, more likely to seek an alliance of protection with Rome.

Question: What factor is considered by some to be the main driving force behind the expansion of Rome?


Answer: imperialism

Question: What type of policy is considered by some to be responsible for Rome's many military conflicts?


Answer: restoration of the way things were

Question: What was a common conclusion to wars in the early days of republican Rome?


Answer: mutual self-protection

Question: What type of alliance was created between the various Roman city-states?


Answer: land

Question: What did Roman settlers commonly seek out?


Answer: Second Punic War

Context: This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal.

Question: After what war did the alliances start to solidify?


Answer: This growing coalition

Question: What helped Rome move closer to a confrontation with several other major powers in the area?


Answer: southern Italian

Question: What towns had chosen Hannibal's side?


Answer: membership (and protection)

Question: What did city-states hope to gain from the Roman confederacy?


Answer: destabilisation

Context: In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace how Rome came to dominate the Greek east in less than a century, this was mainly a matter of several Greek city-states seeking Roman protection against the Macedonian kingdom and Seleucid Empire in the face of destabilisation created by the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt. In contrast to the west, the Greek east had been dominated by major empires for centuries, and Roman influence and alliance-seeking led to wars with these empires that further weakened them and therefore created an unstable power vacuum that only Rome could fill. This had some important similarities to (and important differences from) the events in Italy centuries earlier, but this time on a global scale.

Question: What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas?


Answer: Polybius

Question: Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east?


Answer: alliance-seeking

Question: Why was Rome involved in matters in the Greek east?


Answer: Greek

Question: Which countries citie-states attempted to gain the protection of Rome?


Answer: crisis management

Context: Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions of outright military rule, the Roman Republic remained an alliance of independent city-states and kingdoms (with varying degrees of independence, both de jure and de facto) until it transitioned into the Roman Empire. It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control.

Question: What was seen as the behind the Roman influence in the east?


Answer: the time of the Roman Empire

Question: At what point was the entire Roman world joined together under Roman control?


Answer: intentional empire-building

Question: What was not seen as an influence of Rome's influence in the west?


Answer: independent

Question: What type of city-states were involved with the Roman Republic?


Answer: the Battle of Lake Regillus

Context: The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. One by one Rome defeated both the persistent Sabines and the local cities, both those under Etruscan control and those that had cast off their Etruscan rulers. Rome defeated Latin cities in the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 BC, the Battle of Mons Algidus in 458 BC, the Battle of Corbione in 446 BC, the Battle of Aricia, and especially the Battle of the Cremera in 477 BC wherein it fought against the most important Etruscan city of Veii.

Question: In what battle did Rome claim victory over several Latin cities in?


Answer: 496 BC

Question: What year did the Battle of Lake Regillus take place?


Answer: 477 BC

Question: In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii?


Answer: the Battle of Corbione

Question: What Roman battle took place in the year 446 BC?


Answer: Etruscan control

Question: Who initially had control over the Sabines?


Answer: 387 BC

Context: By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]

Question: When did the Battle of Allia River approximately end?


Answer: 15,000 troops

Question: How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River?


Answer: Rome

Question: Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls?


Answer: Brennus

Question: What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?


Answer: two Etruscan towns

Question: Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies?


Answer: Italy

Context: After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revolt of several of their Latin allies in the Latin War. Rome beat the Latins in the Battle of Vesuvius and again in the Battle of Trifanum, after which the Latin cities were obliged to submit to Roman rule.

Question: What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked?


Answer: two battles

Question: How many battles were conducted by Rome before they were forced to flee in The First Samnite War?


Answer: revolt of several of their Latin allies

Question: What caused the Romans early withdrawl in The First Samnite War?


Answer: 341 BC

Question: When did The First Samnite War end?


Answer: Latins

Question: Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius?


Answer: Pyrrhus

Context: Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum. While Beneventum was indecisive, Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns. Seeing little hope for further gains, he withdrew completely from Italy.

Question: Who suffered a great amount of losses battling the Roman army?


Answer: negotiate

Question: What did Rome refuse to do in their relations with Pyrrhus?


Answer: Pyrrhus

Question: What military leader does the term Pyrrhic victory come from?


Answer: Seeing little hope for further gains

Question: What ultimately caused Pyrrhus to vacate completely from the country of Italy?


Answer: 275 BC

Question: In what year did the Battle of Beneventum take place?


Answer: naval battles

Context: The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise and lead their army. He cut off the Roman army from its base by re-establishing Carthaginian naval supremacy. The Romans then again defeated the Carthaginians in naval battle at the Battle of the Aegates Islands and left Carthage with neither a fleet nor sufficient coin to raise one. For a maritime power the loss of their access to the Mediterranean stung financially and psychologically, and the Carthaginians sued for peace.

Question: What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome?


Answer: grappling engine

Question: What type of engine was invented by the Romans?


Answer: Xanthippus

Question: Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several losses against the Romans?


Answer: The Romans

Question: Who claimed victory at the Battle of Aegates Islands?


Answer: the Carthaginians

Question: Who lost access to the Mediterranean after numerous naval losses?


Answer: Hasdrubal Barca

Context: The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River. Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital. Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.

Question: What was the name of Hannibal's family member that wanted to join his army in battle?


Answer: Metaurus River

Question: At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at?


Answer: the Battle of Zama

Question: In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at?


Answer: Scipio Africanus

Question: Who had led the army that the Romans had sent to Africa?


Answer: to threaten the Carthaginian capital

Question: Why did the Romans send an army to Africa?


Answer: Treaties

Context: Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense against robbing/pirates was considered as "war action": Rome decided to annihilate the city of Carthage. Carthage was almost defenceless, and submitted when besieged. However, the Romans demanded complete surrender and moval of the city into the (desert) inland far off any coastal or harbour region, and the Carthaginians refused. The city was besieged, stormed, and completely destroyed. Ultimately, all of Carthage's North African and Iberian territories were acquired by Rome. Note that "Carthage" was not an 'empire', but a league of punic colonies (port cities in the western mediterranean) like the 1st and 2nd Athenian ("attic") leagues, under leadership of Carthage. Punic Carthago was gone, but the other punic cities in the western mediterranean flourished under Roman rule.

Question: What had prevented Carthage from defending their territory from pirates?


Answer: punic colonies

Question: What type of colony was Carthage primarily comprised of?


Answer: punic cities

Question: What cities flourished after they were conquered by the Romans?


Answer: complete surrender

Question: What was the main request of the Romans that Carthage turned down?


Answer: Rome

Question: Who did the Numidians form an alliance with?