Multimedia Polska has built a fibre network covering the town, which has about 35,000 inhabitants. The extension means that Kraśnik residents will have access to HD-quality pay TV services including premium services from HBO and Canal+, as well as fixed broadband at speeds of up to 500Mbps and fixed telephony.
Subscribers will also be able to access Multimedia Polska’s recently launched mobile TV service, Multimedia Go, featuring seven-day catch-up and remote recording, along with new kids SVOD service Kids Zone, which launched in June.
The cable operator also offers other services including electricity and gas supply and home insurance.
Jozef Wlodarczyk, director of investment at Multimedia Polska, said that the operator had been able to bring super-fast internet services to Kraśnik thanks to its investment in a nationwide fibre network.
ICYMI: BritBox joins Amazon Prime Video Channels digitaltveurope.com/2021/03/08/bri… https://t.co/qXlsW21pXi
08 March 2021 @ 21:00:01 UTC
ICYMI: RTL and Sky Deutschland agree streaming and F1 deal digitaltveurope.com/2021/03/08/rtl… https://t.co/bmUBX349wE
08 March 2021 @ 20:00:02 UTC
ICYMI: Fears over streaming content as Indian Supreme Court rules in favour of screening mechanism… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
08 March 2021 @ 19:00:02 UTC


Neotech's leading high-tech hi-fi cable continues its investigation in the field of sound reproduction and today produces the ultimate in cable modulation, digital SPDIF, AES EBU, speaker and high- End.
The single-crystal SOST Solid Core Silver Wire cable series allows the highest quality OCC Silver UP cables to be produced with high-grade PTFE Teflon dielectric insulation.
You can now design pure silver cables and access the High End references of the audiophile cable market. The method of Professor Ohno of the Chiba Institute of Technology of Japan makes it possible to raise the purity of the 99.99998% pure copper and silver strands above the level of the standard annealed OFC cables.
The oxygen particles inside the silver strands are thus reduced to an insignificant level ensuring a high level of stability over time which prevents oxidation over the long term.
The Neotech SOST UP OCC Silver exists in different diameters corresponding to all the expectations for the informed amateur building his own Hifi cables.
- Insulation: PTFE (Teflon).
- Conductor: UP-OCC Silver solid core (Pure silver to 99.99998%)
- Internal diameter: 0.6mm
- Outside Diameter: 1.3mm
- AWG: 22 / 0.32mm²
- 6.3 ampere
- Blue color
- Sold by the meter


September saw the start of the pilot phase of a public gigabit Wi-Fi access point on the famous Fan Mile in Berlin, Germany. HUBER+SUHNER is providing Wi-Fi antennas and coaxial cables, thus playing its part in enabling users in the area to surf, chat and stream for free for 30 minutes.
Electric & Hybrid Vehicle Technology Expo Europe is the industry's leading trade fair showcasing manufacturing solutions along the H/EV supply chain including electrical powertrains and components, battery management systems, materials and equipment.
HUBER+SUHNER connector series SMPM, SMPM-T, SMP, MMCX and MMPX are mainly used for connections to a PCB. The different connector series offer a wide range of products suitable for various applications.
HUBER+SUHNER SMP connectors provide a robust, proven and fully compatible plug-in solution for applications up to 40 GHz. SMP connectors have been MIL-SPEC qualified for defense and space flight hardware. The design of the interface and treatment of materials provide true compatibility as well as guaranteed mechanical performance over the mating life of the connector with all MIL-STD-348 SMP connectors in the market.
HUBER+SUHNER SMPM connectors offer unrivalled miniaturisation and performance for RF applications up to 65 GHz. SMPM connectors are MIL-SPEC qualified for defense and space flight applications. Along with the unique bend-to-the-end Microbend style cable connectors, HUBER+SUHNER offers a large portfolio of different PCB mount SMPM connectors that have been designed with optimised PCB trace launch geometries to offer a complete interconnect design solution from "wire-to-trace".
SMPM-T is the smallest threaded open source connector on the market. Its unique and innovative combination of a MIL-STD-348 SMPM female interface connector together with a retractable threaded nut provides an integrated solution offering unprecedented electrical and mechanical performance. The SMPM-T handles high density requirements with a connector centreline-to-centreline spacing of just 5 mm (0.20 in) while offering unmatched electrical stability at frequencies up to 67 GHz in even the harshest operating environments.
HUBER+SUHNER VITA 67 is the first true high density and high performance 65 GHz coaxial interconnect system on the market. Incorporating the solderless Minibend bend-to-the-end technology tightest bending radius (1.5 mm/0.06 in) and right behind the connector. The snap-in captivation method guarantees quick, easy and precise installations without tooling or loose parts. VITA 67 is designed for side-by-side implementation with VITA 46 and VITA 66 hardware. It can be assembled with diameter 0.086 inch and smaller cable types.


Devising a bring-your-own-device (BYOD) security plan would be simple if it merely involved granting network access based on user identity, device or location. But a solid BYOD network security application would consider all of these factors -- and that’s a tall order.
At this point, since there is no proven singular solution, IT shops are instead patching together various tools that range from mobile device management (MDM) to network access control (NAC) and even out-of-band management systems.
Executives at four educational institutions we interviewed for this piece would all like to control hundreds or even thousands of personal devices in an automated way so they aren’t burdened by installing software on each client. From there, they’d like to granularly control access depending on a combination of identity and device factors. But each executive is taking a different path to reach that goal.
MDM Tools Are Promising, But Not A Total Solution
All four executives interviewed were already using or evaluating MDM tools. These tools vary by feature depending on the vendor, but generally they track mobile devices on the network and can limit which users get access to specific applications or areas of the network based on company policy.
In general, enterprises are flocking to MDM tools. In 2010-11, 21.2% of companies surveyed by Nemertes Research were using MDM, and the firm predicts this will grow to 84% by the end of 2014, according to analyst Philip Clarke.
Yet MDM alone usually can’t manage users that have multiple devices and attach them all to the wireless LAN (WLAN) using the same identity-based log-in credentials. If the WLAN can’t natively differentiate between vetted and potentially infected devices, the network is at risk.
IT shops must be able to identify multiple devices per user and grant role-based access based on varied user/device pairs. This generally requires integration with other tools, including Identity Management (IDM) and NAC products.
Using Out Of-Band Management For BYOD Security
The Rowan-Salisbury School System in North Carolina needed to control mobile device network access based on a range of variables including device type, location and application, explains Philip Hardin, executive director for technology, at the school system. Yet Hardin’s team needed to support software installations and enforce policies across numerous devices in an automated way.
So the organization implemented a combination of Aerohive’s HiveManager, an out-of-band network management system, with JAMF Software’s iOS MDM suite.
Aerohive’s HiveManager lets organizations configure customized policies for each user identity and device type combination. Policies govern network access, firewalling, the time of day that certain access rights are available and tunneling policies for secure VPN access.
More on BYOD network security
Mobile device security: best practices for BYOD
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure vs. data containers for BYOD management
BYOD management: Using a device catalog to control users
Assessing the WLAN for the mobile workforce
“The HiveManager provides for central data collection and alerts us about rogue clients. It uses device fingerprints to apply specific security based on policy, and monitors device health for individual and collective devices, displaying numerical device health scores visually in a graphical manner,” Hardin says.
Meanwhile, the JAMF Software tests Apple devices to be sure they have the Apple MDM client installed. Then the software directs new devices to a portal to receive device profiles that determine their access rights and privileges. “The integrated solution enables the school to manage application access, [as well as] installation and software updates on devices,” Hardin added. The solution can accomplish profile management and access control without requiring personal devices to hold a NAC client.
Identity Management Central To BYOD Security
Hartwick College, in Oneonta, N.Y., uses an IDM tool alongside next-generation firewalls to handle device management and access.
The Meru Identity Manager controls access for both guest and employee devices through Smart Connect and Guest Connect modules. When a new employee at Hartwick College first attempts to open a Web page, they are redirected to a captive portal page on the Meru IDM appliance.
“Our IDM appliance has a 2048-bit VeriSign certificate, which is used to encrypt the captive portal Web page, which the employee then uses to download SmartConnect as an applet or network profile,” says Davis Conley, executive director of IT at Hartwick College.
SmartConnect configures the device to use the encrypted network, automatically authenticates the user, makes that a preferred network on the device, and then removes the open network from the device’s list of SSIDs, Conley explains.
Guest users, on the other hand, register on the Guest SSID in Guest Connect. Both Smart Connect and Guest Connect have automated role- and policy-based BYOD provisioning. “Guest Connect asks for the user’s real name, phone number and the name of the person on campus they are visiting. ″We can shut them off if there is an issue,” Conley says. Then the Meru IDM uses a mechanism to collect device MAC addresses for future device recognition.
Hartwick College does not, however, use the activity monitoring, policy management and policy enforcement piece of the Meru solution. “We already had policy management in shape. We use Bluecoat packet shaper, a Palo Alto next-generation firewall and a Tipping Point device to see what devices are trading virus-laden content. Then we call in the user to address [the problem],” says Conley.
WLAN Analysis Tools With NAC For BYOD Management
Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Mich. uses Lancope’s StealthWatch network analyzer to monitor behavior on the WLAN and track user activity.
“We use StealthWatch to look for anomalies in behavior and to figure out what the user was trying to do. Then we use a NAC appliance (from Bradford Networks) to identify the user. This is a manual process,” says Ryan Laus, Network Manager, Central Michigan University.
With StealthWatch, Central Michigan University uncovers externally-launched botnet attacks, worms and APTs, as well as internal misuse, policy violations and data leakage, regardless of the device. NetFlow supplies the data that StealthWatch analyzes.
Now the university is testing MDM tools from different providers to enforce policy.
MDM will control what individuals can do on a device using policy, similar to how Active Directory uses group policy controls. It would block unauthorized software installs and enable administrators to set configuration and permission settings for BYOD deployment.
Central Michigan University anticipates using StealthWatch in support of a new MDM package. “If a user figures out how to bypass MDM to install an unapproved application, StealthWatch can look for flows that are out of the policy scope and send an alert to the NAC appliance, which could then move the user/device to a quarantined network,” Laus says.
Integrating IDM With NAC For BYOD Security
The Regional Medical Center at Memphis in Tennessee is using Aruba Networks’ ClearPass integrated mobility management and NAC software to create a self-provisioning system for BYOD.
Users at the medical center will sign in with a standard log-in name and password, and ClearPass will provision based on pre-determined policy. “We won’t have to have them bring their device in and install a security/network profile manually,” says Tony Alphier, Director of IT at The Regional Medical Center at Memphis.
With this process, a NAC controller will prevent devices from getting on the network until they are registered and cleaned.
“[Currently] we are not allowing employees BYOD [internal access] unless they are physicians and bring a laptop. Then we put a profile on their device manually,” says Alphier. “When we add the NAC module from Aruba, we will be able to allow all employees BYOD [access].”
The medical center also uses Aruba’s AirWave to log and monitor device activity and Aruba technology allows Alphier to provide a guest network. “We had Aruba’s Amigopod guest solution. Aruba is combining that with Clear Pass. We can have family and patients and friends access our network and keep our security at the same time,” says Alphier. Guests can self-provision now, receiving a code to connect to the Internet while staying off the internal network.
About the author:
David Geer writes about security and enterprise technology for international trade and business publications.


Loss of network connectivity after reboot
I’m having trouble with all my droplets. If I reboot them, they come back up but with no network connectivity, the console works however.
This is for new droplets with minimal packages on either Ubuntu 16.10 or 16.04
It is definitely the network interfaces but I’ve no idea how to fix it


Even if you've never owned an NFC-equipped phone or tablet (like the Samsung Galaxy S5 or a Nokia Lumia), you've probably used NFC.
The technology, which lets two local devices share small bits of data, is embedded in things like commuter cards, print advertisements, and smart cards.
Now that the technology is placed in more Android and Windows phones -- and Apple's iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus and Apple Watch -- NFC is more relevant than ever. Especially when it comes to mobile payments.
Under the hood
NFC (near-field communication) allows two devices placed within a few centimeters of each other to exchange data. In order for this to work, both devices must be equipped with an NFC chip.
In the real world, there are a essentially two ways this works.
Two-way communication: This involves two devices that can both read and write to each other. For example, using NFC, you can touch two Android devices together to transfer data like contacts, links, or photos.
One-way communication: Here, a powered device (like a phone, credit card reader, or commuter card terminal) reads and writes to an NFC chip. So, when you tap your commuter card on the terminal, the NFC-powered terminal subtracts money from the balance written to the card.
It's all about power
If you're thinking, "Bluetooth can do these things, too.", you're right. However, even compared to Bluetooth LE, NFC uses significantly less power. This is crucial when you consider that phones may one day replace wallets, and battery life will be more important than ever.
Not to mention, pairing two Bluetooth devices can be a major headache. Make device discoverable...search for the device...enter passcode...forget about it.
In fact, NFC can work directly with Bluetooth. For instance, instead of going through this process to pair your phone with Bluetooth speakers, you can simply tap the phone to a speaker, let the devices use NFC to exchange the pairing data, and you're set.
NFC and mobile payments
One day, we'll all be paying for things with our phones, and NFC is the ticket to that future. In light of the many recent credit card data breaches, now is an especially good time to present a solution that finally shields our wallets from theft and fraud.
Many retailers -- including Target, Macys, and Walgreens -- already have NFC-based contactless pay terminals in place, making the transition to mobile payments easy. Phones compatible with Google Wallet can currently use these terminals, as can Apple's iPhone 6 and 6 Plus.
The biggest concern around NFC payments is security, but the mobile payment structure is so complex, any hacking or intercepting would be very difficult. To understand why, here's how it works.
After launching the payment application on your phone, the phone is tapped on the credit card terminal and a connection is made using NFC. At this point, you may be asked to scan your finger or enter a passcode to approve the transaction. The transaction is then validated with a separate chip called the secure element (SE), which relays that authorization back to the NFC modem. From there, the payment finishes processing the same way it would in a traditional credit card swipe transaction.
Three years after Wallet's launch, Apple entered the game with its own mobile payment solution, Apple Pay . Building upon Passbook (the Apple app that digitizes things like concert tickets and boarding passes) and combined with Apple's Touch ID fingerprint scanner, Apple presented a payment solution that might finally make this technology go mainstream.
Why NFC-based payments are secure
The most important step in the mobile payment transaction is the secure element, which holds all the authorization power. Whether it's a chip in the phone, or functions virtually in the cloud, the secure element is tamper-proof and protected by a unique digital signature. As explained by Michael Armentrout of Infineon, which manufactures secure element chips, the architecture of the secure element is designed to be hardened against attacks on the phone.
"That includes software attacks but also hardware-based attacks where someone got your phone or SIM card, it would be extremely difficult to obtain info off of that because it's a chip that is designed to have security mechanisms that go well beyond a normal processor. "
Apple's approach to the secure element is a physical chip, which is only available in the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus. Each time a user initiates a transaction, the SE assists in generating a random, one-time use code in lieu of transmitting the user's debit or credit card number.
Other ways to use NFC
If you own an NFC-compatible phone or tablet, there are a few practical ways it can be used -- and not just for mobile payments.
NFC tags: This is probably the most common way NFC is currently used on Android and Windows phones. Using your phone (or tablet), you can tap a strategically-placed NFC tag, which prompts your phone to take action on something.
Take this example: You put an NFC tag on your office desk. When you get to work in the morning, you tap the tag, and it automatically prompts your phone to enable Wi-Fi, disable sounds, and decrease brightness.
Pairing with devices: Speakers like the Samsung DA-F60 let you pair Bluetooth by simply tapping your NFC-enabled phone to the speaker. Even smart household appliances are adopting NFC. For example, LG's smart washing machines let you pair your phone with the machine so that you can remotely monitor the washing cycle.


In an increasingly digital world, the Internet of Things (IoT) stands as a groundbreaking technological advancement that has the potential to reshape how we live, work, and interact with the world around us. In this article, we’ll explore the concept of IoT, its applications across various industries, challenges it poses, and the promising future it envisions.
Understanding the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things refers to a vast network of interconnected devices and objects, equipped with sensors, software, and communication technologies, allowing them to collect and exchange data over the internet. These “smart” devices can range from everyday items like thermostats and refrigerators to complex systems in industrial settings, making the world more efficient, productive, and interconnected.
Applications Across Industries
IoT has permeated nearly every sector, offering innovative solutions:
- Smart Homes: IoT-enabled devices like thermostats, lighting, and security systems allow homeowners to remotely control and automate their environments, improving energy efficiency and security.
- Healthcare: Wearable devices monitor vital signs and transmit data to healthcare professionals, enabling remote patient monitoring and faster response to medical emergencies.
- Transportation: IoT enhances traffic management, vehicle tracking, and autonomous driving, improving road safety and reducing congestion.
- Agriculture: Smart farming solutions use IoT to optimize crop management, irrigation, and livestock monitoring, leading to increased agricultural productivity and sustainability.
- Manufacturing: IoT-driven industrial automation enhances production efficiency, predicts maintenance needs, and ensures product quality.
- Retail: Retailers use IoT for inventory management, customer insights, and creating personalized shopping experiences.
Challenges and Considerations
While IoT presents immense opportunities, it also brings several challenges:
- Security: The vast number of interconnected devices increases vulnerability to cyberattacks. Ensuring robust security measures is paramount.
- Privacy: IoT collects vast amounts of data, raising concerns about personal privacy and data ownership.
- Interoperability: Devices from different manufacturers may not communicate seamlessly, requiring industry-wide standards for interoperability.
- Scalability: As the number of IoT devices grows, managing and maintaining them becomes increasingly complex.
- Ethical Considerations: The ethical use of IoT data, especially in surveillance and profiling, requires careful consideration.
The Future of IoT
The future of IoT holds exciting possibilities:
- 5G and IoT: The rollout of 5G networks will enable faster, more reliable IoT connections, supporting real-time applications and enabling new IoT use cases.
- AI Integration: Combining IoT with artificial intelligence will enhance data analytics, enabling more accurate predictions and automation.
- Smart Cities: IoT will play a central role in creating efficient, sustainable, and connected urban environments, improving quality of life for city dwellers.
- Environmental Sustainability: IoT will aid in environmental monitoring and conservation efforts, helping address climate change and resource management.
The Internet of Things is not just a technological trend; it’s a paradigm shift that is already transforming industries and the way we live. As IoT continues to expand its reach, it is crucial to address security, privacy, and ethical concerns while harnessing its potential for innovation and efficiency. The future promises a world where our surroundings are not just smart but seamlessly interconnected, making our lives safer, more convenient, and more sustainable. Embracing IoT and its possibilities is key to shaping a smarter and more connected future.


TE Connectivity (TE), a world leader in connectivity and sensors, is freeing up valuable space on printed circuit boards (PCBs) for design engineers with its new compact AMPMODU wire-to-board receptacles with crimp contacts and shrouded headers. With centerline distances of 2 mm, they occupy 38 percent less space on a PCB than connectors with a 2.54 mm [0.100”] centerline.
To enable continually higher data rates for end users of satellite links, satellite operators are using higher frequencies, such as the Q/V band, where larger bandwidths are available. The new R&S SZV100A RF upconverter from Rohde & Schwarz now offers a solution for testing broadband transponders in the payloads of very high throughput satellites (VHTS). With its 2 GHz modulation bandwidth, the R&S SZV100A covers the entire frequency range from 36 GHz to 56 GHz.
In the field of automation technology, the colour yellow stands for safety at work. The safety expert Leuze, as a developer and provider of safety sensors, safety solutions and
safety services for the entire life cycle of a machine, is now further increasing focus of the company’s safety competence in its business activities with a dedicated division. Leuze emphasizes this with the motto, “Safety at Leuze”.


When I connect the Drone with SLAM Dunk, can I still use the mobile sdk in my phone to connect the Drone, and can I use the computation in the SLAM Dunk, in other words, can I communicate with SLAM Dunk in my phone?
As long as you don’t use the sdk to connect the SLAMDunk to the bebop, you can still use your phone to control it.
And if you have some kind of ssh client on your phone, you can communicate with the slamdunk over wifi.
so can i control the drone with the mobile SDK,and get sensor information from SLAM Dunk using ssh client?
do you try this thing in iOS?
I have not tried this with a phone but I have controlled the bebop with one while monitoring sensor info on a laptop via an ssh connection (and ROS too).


Broadcom Corporation (NASDAQ:BRCM) began shipping its fifth generation, or 5G, WiFi family of semiconductors last year. The 5G technology helps wireless devices work faster and carries signals farther with reduced battery drain than previous generations, Broadcom Corporation (NASDAQ:BRCM) said. The company also expanded its wireless product portfolio with NFC quad-core chips, which target growth in mass market mobile phones as well as high-end mobile phones and devices.
Broadcom Corporation (NASDAQ:BRCM) closed its fiscal 2012 with an 8% increase in annual revenue as it gained additional market share in all of its business segments — connectivity and baseband, network solutions, and broadband. This article explains why Broadcom Corporation (NASDAQ:BRCM) is relatively undervalued than arch-rival QUALCOMM, Inc. (NASDAQ:QCOM), and therefore offers a better investment proposition.
The wireless semiconductor market
The wireless semiconductor market is made up of two different markets:
1. Mobile baseband chipsets and application processors market
2. The wireless connectivity solutions market
Broadcom leads the wireless connectivity segment
Broadcom Corporation (NASDAQ:BRCM) is the leader in the wireless connectivity segment with approximately 35% market share. This is the fastest growing segment in the wider semiconductor market. The opportunity in wireless connectivity is primarily driven by the growth of mobile devices. Broadcom’s market share in mobility is 90%, which comprises WiFi, Bluetooth, FM, and GPS solutions solely for mobile platforms. Almost all high-end smartphones use Broadcom Corporation (NASDAQ:BRCM)’s connectivity solutions.
The company has enjoyed major success with its connectivity solutions in smartphones, most notably the main WLAN slot in the iPhone. Broadcom shipped around 200 million connectivity combos in Q4 2012 alone, and its wireless connectivity solutions grew faster than its overall mobile and wireless business in 2012.
Broadcom says that it has invented a chip that can tell your phone where you are all the time without quickly draining your battery. The BCM47521 chip will make it easier to use apps that react to the user’s location. That could include tools that mute an employee’s ringer when they enter the office, send a text message when a child leaves school, or tell a retailer when a loyal shopper is near a store.
Broadcom also claims that it has the industry’s smallest 4G LTE-Advanced modem, theBCM21892. The modem is said to support LTE FDD and TDD, LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation, HSPA+, TD-SCDMA, and EDGE/GSM. It also supports Band 41 TD-LTE, used by Clearwire, China Mobile, and SoftBank.


In what could be termed as a game-changing move in Indian and Asian lighting markets, homegrown lighting major Wipro Lighting, part of Wipro Enterprises (P) Ltd, has signed an agreement with global Li-Fi tech and market leader pureLiFi Ltd, to harness the latter’s technology for developing applications for the wireless communications and lighting market in Asia.
Li-Fi is a high-speed bidirectional fully networked, wireless communication technology that use visible light rather than radio frequencies. According to Wipro, the tech can offer significantly greater security, data rates and densities to support more robust and reliable wireless networks that complement and enhance existing cellular and Wi-Fi networks. The technology “originates” in Edinburgh, Scotland where pureLiFi has consistently driven innovation and released “world leading” products to the market such as the first Li-Fi dongle – LiFi-X and a Li-Fi integrated luminaire which were both showcased at the Mobile World Congress in March this year.
“As a leader in LED lighting solutions, we need to ensure we are providing our customers with the gold standard in lighting innovation. Our partnership with pureLiFi will provide the technology that will ensure we are at the cutting edge of the Li-Fi technology revolution,” says Wipro’s vice president & business head for commercial lighting business Anuj Dhir. “We will now kick-start efforts to add a new revolutionary LiFi lighting concept to our portfolio of innovative products with the help of pureLiFi.”
Harald Burchardt, chief commercial officer, pureLiFi Ltd adds, “Working with LED lighting forerunners like Wipro will help us bring Li-Fi to life in Asia and drive a new wave of connectivity that can offer unprecedented data and bandwidth.”
Burchardt adds, “Each year the world utilises 60% more wireless data than the previous one, and the number of connected devices such as mobile phones and smart devices is growing exponentially, likely to be in excess of 50 billion by 2020. If Internet users are going to continue to live in the wireless cloud with wearables, virtual reality and in a fully connected world, we need new wireless technology such as Li-Fi to realise this future.”
pureLiFi and Wipro Lighting, he avers, have formed a partnership that can provide new products to the market that will revolutionise the future of wireless communications and lighting in Asia and beyond.


How to determine which component is broken?
My home and power buttons do not work.
Ideally the cheap solution would be to replace the ribbons if I'm not mistaken.
How can I determine whether the logic board is broken or the ribbons are dead? It might even be both! Is there any way to tell?
Used to turn the phone on and off plus lock the phone — 50+ available at 4.95 each.
Contains the home button and cable to connect to the phone. — 50+ available at 14.95 each.
This contains several key components of the iPhone 4. — 24 available at 24.95 each.


- Is the newest protocol for transmitting data over the Internet.
- It replaces the current IPv4 (aka the "IP" most people are familiar with).
- It is not backwards compatible with IPv4.
- All upper layer protocols, such as TCP, UDP, HTTP, etc function exactly the same for both IPv4 and IPv6.
- ICMP is different (it's not really an upper layer protocol).
- Host names stay the same (such as www.ornl.gov)
- IPv4 doesn't have enough IP addresses to satisfy current/future needs. IPv4 has 4.3 billion addresses.
- IPv6 has 340 undecillion addresses (that's enough to give every blade of grass on Earth an IP address).
- IP addresses are needed on many devices including phones, refrigerators, cars, etc.
- Makes Internet routing easier.
- An IPv6 address that can communicate (if permitted) to other hosts on the Internet. The "scope" of the address is global.
- An IPv6 address used to communicate ONLY with hosts within the same subnet. The "scope" of the address is limited to the "local link."
- This address cannot be used to communicate with another host outside the local subnet.
- Typically begins with fe80: (but could be any address beginning with fe80: through fe8f:)
- Each network interface has one.
- The link local address for www1.ornl.gov's main interface is fe80::203:baff:fee7:e0b3
- 128 bits wide
- represented as 32 hex digits in groups of 4, separated by colons.
- There are 3 parts to an IPv6 address - Site Allocation:Subnet:Host-interface
Site Allocation for ORNL 2620:0:2b30::/44
. First available address 2620:0:2b30:0::0
. Last available address 2620:0:2b3f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
. 19.3 septillion addresses (19 x 10**24)
Host-interface - each network interface has at least one v6 address
IPv6 address for www.ornl.gov 2620::2b30:302:e0cb:1dd2:9c92:61f6
. Site Allocation is 2620:0:2b30
. Subnet is 302
. Host-interface is e0cb:1dd2:9c92:61f6
- Makes reading and handling IPv6 addresses easier.
- Leading zeroes can be dropped
- Replace two or more consecutive "all zero" fields with "::" - but this can only be done once.
- If more than one group of consecutive zero fields, then replace the longest group of consecutive zero fields.
- When those groups are equal in length, then remove the leftmost group.
- Several web servers that are accessible from the Internet (such as www.ornl.gov)
- Email servers that are accessible from the Internet
- DNS servers
- Hosts in IPv6 test network
- CSIIR project
- Dual Stack: Host can communicate using IPv4 and/or IPv6. In some cases IPv4 may be used while in other cases IPv6 may be used. Usually both are tried simultaneously with IPv6 being preferred if it's available.
- 6to4 tunnel - Encapsulate IPv6 traffic within IPv4 packets. Transmit IPv4 packets across the Internet to another site where the IPv6 packet is extracted from the IPv4 packet and delivered to an IPv6 host. Each end node has an IPv6 address, but the path between them is IPv4. Traffic is "tunneled" to a 6to4 relay. 6to4 addresses begin with 2002::/16
- Teredo - Similar to 6to4. Traffic is "tunneled" to a Teredo server out on the Internet. Teredo addresses begin with 2001:0::/32
- The name comes from the idea of an end user having a "good Internet experience" - thus he has Happy Eyeballs. Process where a computer attempts both IPv4 and IPv6 communication paths at the same time. Whichever protocol responds first is preferred for that "session." This causes additional network traffic, but "should" provide the best end-to-end performance in a world where some systems communicate IPv4 and others communicate IPv6.
- Click here to watch an informative video presented by Geoff Huston from APNIC describing dual stack, happy eyeballs and other issues with rolling out IPv6.
- IPv4 address is an "A" record. The "A" record for www.ornl.gov is 184.108.40.206
- IPv6 address is a "AAAA" record (called quad-A). The "AAAA" record for www.ornl.gov is 2620::2b30:302:e0cb:1dd2:9c92:61f6
- You can get a AAAA record via IPv4 or IPv6
- You can get an A record via IPv4 or IPv6
- You can only communicate to an IPv4 address using IPv4 protocol
- You can only communicate to an IPv6 address using IPv6 protocol
- process where each system determines it's own IPv6 address. Each system can create "Link Local" addresses with no input from any other source. To create a "Global Scope" address the system receives the "network portion" (leftmost 64 bits) of the IPv6 address from a router. In this case the rightmost 64 bits (aka host-interface) are created by each system.
- An IPv6 address (created by SLAAC) that is based on the MAC (i.e., hardware) address of the network interface card on the host system. This is the rightmost 64 bits of the address.
- An IPv6 address (created by SLAAC) that is not based on the MAC (i.e., hardware) address of the network interface card. Instead the address is "randomly" generated. This is the rightmost 64 bits of the address.
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 - used to provide hosts with configuration information for those hosts to communicate on the IPv6 network. Information provided by a DHCPv6 server can include the following.
- IPv6 address
- DNS server
- Time server
- a suite of commands used to acquire network configuration information and/or map an IPv6 address to a MAC address. This protocol replaces the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which is used by IPv4. NDP consists of the following.
- Router Advertisement (RA)
- Router Solicitation (RS)
- Neighbor Advertisement (NA)
- Neighbor Solicitation (NS)
- Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
- Multicast message sent from a router to all hosts on the local network. This message contains network configuration information, such as the following.
- Should the system use DHCPv6 or SLAAC to get it's IPv6 address.
- The default router that should be used.
- Should the system use a DHCPv6 server for "other" configuration information.
These messages are sent every 2-3 minutes by the router.
- Multicast message sent from a host to all routers on the local network. This message requests that a Router Advertisement be sent immediately.
- Unicast or multicast message sent to indicate the link layer address of a host. An NA message is sent in response to an NS message, or it is sent unsolicited to provide other information about the host.
- Multicast or unicast message sent from a host to a group of hosts (or to a single host). Message contains a request to provide the MAC address for a given IP address.
- Process to determine if the IPv6 address, that a system intends to use, is already being used by another system. If so, then either another IPv6 address must be selected, or IPv6 must be disabled on the host.
- a unique number (usually represented in hex) assigned to each network interface. The DUID is used by DHCPv6 to uniquely identify a particular host so that DHCPv6 can assign it the appropriate IPv6 address (and other network configuration information).


Frequently Asked Questions
Here you will find a collection of frequently asked questions with TG 1000 and the appropriate answers and solutions.
Important: First of all check if the firmware is up-to-date on all receivers and transmitters. If not, please complete a firmware upgrade (see instructions).
It may be that after multiple network access the website of the Chameleon software is loaded from the browser cache. In order to achieve the complete reload of the web page, you should always empty the browser cache after a firmware upgrade of the receiver. Depending on the browser, the procedures differ from each other.
Microsoft Internet Explorer:
Extras / Internet Options / Browser History / Delete..
Mozilla Firefox Version 20:
Extras / Settings / Network / Cached Web Content / Delete
Google Chrome Version 26:
Adapt Google Chrome (upper corner on the right next to the address bar) / History/ Delete Browser Data.
Safari up to Version 6:
Settings / Safari / Empty Cache
Safari Version 6:
Safari Settings / go to ADVANCED / Tick “Show menu developer in menu bar” / Select developer in the menu / Empty cache.
Opera Version 10:
Menu Extras / Delete internet traces
Make sure to assign each device its own Device ID. If this is not the case, the Chameleon Software will display an error message. For a better overview, you can assign the numbers according to the order of your devices in the rack from the top to the bottom (the top receiver is then number 1).
With low-power client devices (older tablets and smartphones), it may be that the continuous data interchange (HTTP request) between receiver and device cannot be guaranteed. This means that the scan data cannot be transferred quickly enough from the receiver to the client. Start the scan again on a powerful device such as a laptop or decrease the bandwidth of your scan.
This problem can occur when the client devices do not have enough hardware resources (mostly older tablets or smartphones). Select a more powerful client device. Basically the load of the client device increases with the growing number of receivers in the network.
When accessed via network the message “Error 403 Forbidden” is displayed instead of the Chameleon software, because the networked receivers are currently controlled by another client of the network. The access is limited to one client device for controlling and monitoring.
However, if no other client device is enabled and you still receive the message, you should reload or refresh the page. With most browsers, this can be done by using the F5 key or by selecting the “Refresh” icon next to the address bar. If you cannot directly access, wait about 10 seconds and try again.
If a TG 1000 transmitter is active on the channel/frequency, please turn it off. If an RF level for antenna A or B is displayed even when the transmitter is switched off, the currently used frequency is disturbed. For a more detailed display, please open the “RF meter” function in the receiver menu. Here the RF level of both channels is displayed in high resolution.
If the TG 1000 receivers are in the network and you can access the Chameleon software, you can perform a frequency scan in the desired range to identify disturbances.
Check whether the “Panel Lock” function is enabled (message on the display). To unlock, press and hold FNC and ESC for approximately 3 seconds. The front panel will then be released.
The firmware of the transmitter is not compatible to the software in the receiver. Please upgrade the transmitter. (Press FNC button -> Select Tx upgrader)
Check the network permission for the TG 1000 network. The software requires a network discovery. Therefore, it should be declared as a home network.
After changing the network settings, please restart the receiver so that all changes are accepted in the network.
Verify that the correct type of battery is selected (alkaline / NiMH) at the receiver. The battery life is based on and calculated from discharge curves by TG 1000. If the wrong type of battery is selected, the display of the handheld or beltpack transmitter does not indicate the actual battery level. Synchronise the transmitter after each modification.
Did you enable the "Power Lock" function? Press the on-off button until the message "Power Locked" is displayed. Release the button and then press the on-off button again until "Off" is displayed. You can disable this function in the receiver at any time. Afterwards synchronise the transmitter.
The TG 1000 system can operate up to 24 channels (12 units) without an external antenna splitter simply by cascading (looping through). For this use the optional "WA-CKL" cable set. Connect the antennae to the first receiver, and then connect a maximum of another 11 receivers by using "WA-CKL". The first receiver now supplies all receivers with the RF signal.
- We recommend using the standard antennae (included) for smaller applications where a direct line of sight between the transmitter and receiver is guaranteed.
- For a better transmission quality we recommend using remote omnidirectional antennae. The reception of this antenna is evenly in a horizontal way. For longer cables, use an antenna amplifier or an active antenna.
- For an optimised transmission, we recommend using remote directional antennae, which are aligned on a certain area. Thus, interference from the environment can be minimised. For longer cables, use an antenna amplifier or an active antenna.
Optimise the radio transmission by allowing for the following points:
- Check the alignment of the antennae and align them V-shaped.
- Check the area on jamming equipment.
- Correct the transmitter power under consideration of the distance between transmitter and receiver. "Standard" = short to average transmission range, "High" = average to far transmission range.
- For an optimised signal supply use remote antennae and antenna amplifiers or active omnidirectional or directional antennae with long cables.
Make sure that all TG 1000 components are turned on.
Check to see if there is a connection between the transmitter and receiver.
When the red sync LED is illuminated check the settings and synchronise the transmitter again.
Check if the RF and audio level is displayed on the receiver's display. Make sure that the cables have no defect.
Make sure that "TX mute" is not active.(Receiver will display the icon "M" when active)
It can interfere with other wireless systems in the area or the interference can be caused by DVB-T. In this case, please select an interference-free frequency (e.g. by scanning or stored groups / channel setups).
- Make sure that the transmitter is turned on.
- Hold the transmitter in front of the infrared diode at the receiver.
- Make sure that the infrared diode of the transmitter is not covered.
- Check the battery level. If it is too low, the Sync operation can be affected.
The red LEDs indicate that settings have been made at the receiver, relating to the transmitter. Synchronise the transmitter in order to transmit the new settings so that the system works fine.


While cellular-based Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are still being finalized in the standards process, non-cellular solutions like those promoted by Ingenu, Sigfox and members of the LoRa Alliance are catching a bit of a break.These companies and others are expanding their low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, and they’ve had time on their side. France’s Sigfox aims to install networks in 100 U.S. cities by the end of this year. Ingenu is expected to cover at least 30 metro areas with its Random Phase Multiple Access (RPMA) by the end of 2016. They can enjoy their time in the sun while wireless operators and their partners ramp up LTE-based systems that will compete with them. That’s in part because unlike proprietary technologies, standards require a lot of time to build consensus and develop an ecosystem.
Telit’s LE866-SV1 Internet of Things (IoT) LTE Category 1 module has been approved for use on Verizon’s 4G wireless network.The LE866-SV1 is the world’s smallest LTE category 1 IoT module, and Verizon’s 4G is the largest LTE network in the US.The module is about the same size as a thumbnail, and it is ideal for IoT applications with severe space constraints like wearable trackers, health monitoring devices and smart watches.
LTE is the champion for smartphone service, but in the Internet of Things, it’s just starting to become a challenger.On Tuesday, Sequans Communications announced what it called the first chip for LTE Category M, a variant of the global mobile standard that is tuned for low-power IoT gear like utility meters, factory sensors and wearables. The chip, called Monarch, will be ready to go into devices when Category M networks go live late this year or in early 2017, the company said.
Narrowband LTE and LTE-M are a couple of the new versions of the LTE Release 13 standard that are being touted for their ability to make cellular-enabled IoT devices less expensive. In fact, a top AT&T (NYSE: T) executive said that he believes that sub-$5 cellular modules are coming soon thanks to the proliferation of these versions of LTE.”The goal with narrowband-LTE is the sub-$5 modules,” said Chris Penrose, SVP of AT&T Mobility’s IoT Solutions group in an interview with FierceWireless:Tech at the 2016 AT&T Developer Summit in Las Vegas held earlier this month.
Now that Ericsson has succeeded in pushing its favored technologies into the heart of the 3GPP agenda for low power wide area (LPWA) networks, it has stepped up its efforts to get them into the market, even ahead of full standardization in the next LTE release.In November, it announced projects with Orange to trial both its key cellular technologies, Narrowband IoT and Extended Coverage GSM (EC-GSM). The former is the solution adopted by the 3GPP for its work on an LTE-based LPWA standard – technically a combination of Ericsson’s NB-LTE and Huawei’s Cellular IoT, in fact insiders indicate that the Swedish firm scored something of a coup and got its approach, which is more backwards compatible than Huawei’s, at the heart of the emerging specifications.
Cellular network software that Ericsson announced at CES may help small, battery-powered devices like smartwatches and pet trackers get online and work longer without a recharge in a few years. It goes by the ungainly name of Ericsson Networks Software 17A for Massive IoT, but it has features for connecting the smallest of devices without making them use up too much power. Many of those will be meters and machines for cities and companies, but some could be long-lasting wearables and consumer gadgets of the future.
New networks being built with far less fanfare than cell towers will connect objects that in some cases have never been linked before, like street lights and traffic signals. The latest, called Starfish, is now debuting in Silicon Valley.Forecast 2016: Security takes center stageAfter a year of high-profile hacks, security is top of mind for tech execs in 2016.READ NOWThe many new dedicated networks for the Internet of Things aren’t as fast as LTE or Wi-Fi, but they’re designed to reach devices across an entire region with lower cost and power consumption. That’s part of the equation that’s supposed to make IoT work.But as a new kind of network, these LPWA (low-power wide area) technologies are still a Wild West of competing vendors and approaches. Take your pick: Ingenu, SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB-LTE and more.
Ericsson will also work with Sequans to test out its Power Saving Mode (PSM) technology over GSM and LTE networks, which could help to extend some devices’ battery life by up to 10 years. The Telco also revealed some basic details about related cellular IoT trials with Ericsson. According to the press release, a key enabler in Orange’s strategy to become a major player in the IoT game is the standardization process at 3GPP of cellular networks and device capability enhancements.
Two new LTE modems have been launched which are designed specifically to improve device connectivity to the IoT.Qualcomm Technologies’ latest model, the MDM9207-1 and MDM9206, will support reliable, optimised cellular connectivity to a growing array of devices and IoT systems, according to the vendor, a subsidiary of chip maker Qualcomm.The MDM9207-1 model is purpose-built for situations where reliable, low power gadgets connect to cloud services. The main application of this modem will be in smart metering, security, asset tracking, wearables, point-of-sale and industrial automation, says the vendor. Among the customisable features this model offers are Category 1 LTE connectivity and features to optimise power and throughput.
Much of the Internet of Things will run on the same networks that smartphones use, cellular giant Verizon says.Despite the prospect of new networks that reach farther than cells and let IoT devices communicate for years on one battery charge, many of the power-sipping networked objects to be deployed in the coming years will use LTE and future 5G cellular systems, a Verizon executive said in an interview Wednesday.Many legacy IoT devices, also called M2M (machine-to-machine), use 2G or 3G networks now. Carriers want to phase those out in the coming years to shift their frequencies over to newer networks.


TechSpot means tech analysis and advice you can trust.
AMD has been quietly demonstrating a cost-effective alternative to Thunderbolt at CES. It's unimaginatively called Lightning Bolt and, according to the company, it will deliver USB 3.0, DisplayPort and power over a single cable with mini DisplayPort connectors for a fraction of the cost Thunderbolt controllers and devices command.
Demonstrations were held behind closed doors and no pictures were allowed, but AnandTech was able to see it in action. As the site explains, AMD's goal is to enable affordable, single-cable docking stations for notebooks.
The whole setup consists of a 'mux' on the notebook side that combines power, DisplayPort and USB 3.0, a standard mini-DP cable with changes on only two of the pins, and a Lightning Bolt breakout box at the other end providing the aforementioned ports. AMD claims that the Lightning Bolt multiplexor on the laptop should cost no more than $1 and a compatible dock would be around the same cost as a typical USB 3.0 hub.
While that certainly sounds promising, the protocol is not yet finalized and so there are some performance limitations to the design. AMD says that USB 3.0 bandwidth using the interface would be lower than native USB 3.0 ports' 5Gbps but higher than USB 2.0. In contrast, Thunderbolt can hit 10Gbps. The company didn't comment on how much power you'd be able to send over the interface either.
The technology won't be ready for the launch of Trinity APUs during the summer but rather by the end of the year. Meanwhile, a handful of motherboards and non-Apple notebooks equipped with Intel's Thunderbolt were already announced at CES, and we'll likely see a few more by the time Ivy Bridge arrives in early Q2.


Return to Timeline of the History of Computers
John Bardeen (1908–1991), Walter Houser Brattain (1902–1987), William Shockley (1910–1989)
“A transistor is an electronic switch: current flows from one terminal to another unless voltage is applied to a third terminal. Combined with the laws of Boolean algebra, this simple device has become the building block for microprocessors, memory systems, and the entire computer revolution.
Any technology that can use one signal to switch another on and off can be used to create a computer. Charles Babbage did it with rods, cogs, and steam power. Konrad Zuse and Howard Aiken did it with relays, and ENIAC used tubes. Each technology was faster and more reliable than the previous.
Likewise, transistors have several advantages over vacuum tubes: they use less power, so they generate less heat, they switch faster, and they are less susceptible to physical shock. All of these advantages arise because transistors are smaller than tubes—and the smaller the transistor, the bigger the advantage.
Modern transistors trace their lineage back to a device manufactured by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley at AT&T’s Bell Laboratories in 1947. The team was trying to build an amplifier that could detect ultra-high frequency radio waves, but the tubes that they had just weren’t fast enough. So they tried working with semiconductor crystals, as radios based on semiconductor diodes called cat’s whiskers had been used since nearly the birth of radio in the 1890s.
A cat’s whisker radio uses a sharp piece of wire (the “whisker”) that’s jabbed into a piece of semiconducting germanium; by moving the wire along the semiconductor and varying the pressure, the semiconductor and the wire work together to create a diode, a device allowing current to pass in only one direction. The Bell Labs team built a contraption that attached two strips of gold foil to the crystal and then applied power to the germanium. The result was an amplifier: a signal injected into one wire was stronger when it came out of the other. Today we call this device a point-contact transistor.
For their discovery of the transistor, Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1956.”
“The first transistor ever made, built in 1947 by John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter H. Brattain of Bell Labs.”


Europe’s power supply network to undergo £4mn remodelling
The systems used to control the electricity supply to European homes is to be completely remodelled, costing £4mn.
The design of TDX-ASSIST is part of a drive to develop the “digital energy system of the future”.
British, French, German, Portuguese, Belgian, and Slovenian research institutes will be led by Brunel University London to design and develop a new power system.
The aim for the fully interoperable, smart power supply network is to ensure that it manages real-time supply and demand, as well as allowing major players in the energy sector to safely communicate and share data.
TDX-ASSIST is an initialism of Transmission and Distribution data eXchanges for renewables integration in the European marketplace through Advanced, Scalable and Secure ICT Systems and Tools.
The two networking goals are transmission, which carries electricity over long distances in voltage, and distribution, which runs lower voltages to take electricity from transmission systems into homes.
The £4mn project will also focus on managing bottlenecks in electricity supply, monitoring and supervising the network in real-time, and planning for attacks and threats.
“The aim is to design, develop and demonstrate a new generation of ICT tools and techniques to underpin scalable and secure information systems and data exchange between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs),” reported Professor Gareth Taylor, from the Brunel Institute of Power Systems (BIPS), who is leading the remodelling.
“The goal is TSO-DSO interoperability. While TSO-TSO interoperability is well established by ENTSO-E through the Common Grid Model Exchange System, TSO-DSO interoperability will also benefit future TSO-TSO interoperability.”


Boone County Unveils Plan for New 911 Center Technology
COLUMBIA - Columbia and Boone County public safety officials witnessed a presentation at the Boone County Government Center Friday about plans to upgrade technology at the current 911 center and to implement new technology at the county's new planned 911 center.
"What's important to look at when we open the new Boone County Joint Communications facility is that we make sure that they have the best systems in place to receive 911 calls from the public and the best systems to be able to dispatch those calls to emergency responding units," Mission Critical Partners Senior Consultant Kathy McMahon said.
Mission Critical Partners technology will be used to upgrade the 911 center system. McMahon said the new facility should be in place sometime next year, and now the Boone County Commission is attempting to get everyone on the same page.
"We're taking the systems that are in place now and updating them with new technology," McMahon said. "These systems have to be able to accommodate new communication methods that the public has come to expect."
McMahon referenced being able to communicate through text and multimedia as examples of ways to improve the system. The Boone County Commission also wants to put computers and mapping technology in ambulances and police vehicles.


Technologies for the Blind and Deaf Could Have Much Broader Impact, Says UW’s Richard Ladner
Think about the technological tools you use most often. For many of us, cell phones and computers rank high up on that list. But these devices are designed with the hearing and sighted in mind, and are constantly evolving, so there are numerous hurdles to clear to make a phone or a computer usable to the blind or deaf.
The University of Washington’s Richard Ladner, along with students in the electrical engineering and computer science departments, is using engineering and computational tools to work on several of these hurdles—and the commercial applications could have far-ranging impact.
“When you think about a person with a disability, such as a blind person, most people think that’s a medical problem,” he said in a recent interview. “Just restoring the human function may be a solvable problem, but probably not for a long time. But maybe there’s another way to get the same thing done, to allow a person to read a book or talk to their family. So thinking non-medically, as an engineer, there are other ways to solve these problems.”
Ladner, who was born to two deaf parents, also believes that technologies developed for the blind and deaf may eventually lead to broader technological advancements—not such a far-fetched idea, as it’s happened before. Mobile GPS was originally developed as an aid for the blind, Ladner said, as was optical character recognition, a technology developed in the 1960s to turn an image of text (such as a photo of a book page) into digital text, which would then be read out loud using speech synthesizers. Now, the same technology is ubiquitous in turning pictures of text into digital text;Google uses it to digitize books.
Ladner used to work on computational theory before shifting to accessible technology in 2002. He and colleague Eve Riskin, professor of electrical engineering, are now trying to take their long-running project on accessibility for the deaf, MobileASL, to the market. This project uses video compression technology to enable signing over video cell phones on low-bandwidth wireless networks (such as those in the U.S.). Currently, deaf people can’t reliably use video cell phones to communicate using sign language, because the videos are too choppy to be intelligible. Ladner and his colleagues are working with UW TechTransfer on commercializing MobileASL.
“We’re trying to get it out and get it in actual use,” he said. “It’s in high demand. I get hundreds of e-mails about it.”
Although designed with the deaf in mind, MobileASL could be used by anyone who wants better quality video phone calls, Ladner said. Bringing it to market is slightly complicated by the fact that … Next Page »
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The miniDSP Team innovates again. Introducing miniStreamer, a low cost native 24/96kHz USB audio interface with SPDIF/I2S connectivity for audio Playback and recording. So much technology packed up in a tiny 2.3" x 1.4" board. Engineered to provide a flexible interface for your Digital Audio needs, miniSTREAMER can easily interface to a miniDIGI card, or any other I2S interface. From transformer isolated SPDIF inputs&outputs to buffered I2S outputs, miniStreamer is the perfect fit for a USB audio playback (DAC) or recording interface. Finally, thanks to its PCB metal mount, three openings to your chassis is all it takes integrating miniStreamer to your product. In summary, miniSTREAMER is a USB audio to I2S/SPDIF interface that fits your needs and your budget!
Check out the product page and miniDSP webstore for more info.
MiniDSP is the DIY brand of DSP4YOU Ltd, a company focusing on Flexible & Low cost digital signal processor kits. We strive to provide DIYers and OEM manufacturers Digital Signal Processing solutions that are simple to use, yet powerful. Stay tuned for upcoming product releases!


1.It is a smart GPS watch tracker for kids.
2.It is a global GPS device, working all over the world.
3.It is compatible with android and iOS for phone APP, you can also view it on web page.
4.It can track 2 or more devices at the same time for group management.
5.300mA battery inside, 2hours fully charged.
6.GPS positioning data in 3 working modes, 8 hours standby time for fast tracking every 1 minute, 48 hours standby time for standard tracking every 10 minute, 72 hours standby time for energy-saving tracking every 1 hour.
7.Available 5 phone numbers in the whitelist, only phone numbers in the whitelist and admin number can make a call to the device.
8.Maximum 10 contact numbers can be setup in phonebook.
9.It has a take-off alarm, will send alarm notification to the phone APP when it is left the kid’s wrist.
10.Supported listening in the smart GPS watch’ surrounding without any consciousness.
11.It need a micro SIM card support 2G GSM network with voice, sms and data plan. Usually 30M data every month is ok, very money-saving.
In United States, compatible micro SIM cards are as below:
1.T-mobile SIM card, Ting SIM card and TPO Mobile SIM card
2.SpeedTalk Mobile Card, it is a $5 plan with any combination of 250(talk) or 250(text) or 250MB(Data) for 30days of use.
Where to choose the phone plan for SpeedTalk Mobile Card: https://www.speedtalkmobile.com/expoaws/speed.aspx/PlansList
incompatible SIM cards includes:
ATT, Sprint and Verizon etc.
You had better go outside to have a good signal receiver, if indoor, it may reply a little later and confuse you.
You must get your APN for your SIM card in the device to activate it online, then it can communicate with the APP, or else it can not work!
Customer service: email@example.com
- 1.Live / Realtime tracking: supports both GPS and LBS dual positioning, GPS is main for outdoor position and LBS is main for indoor position. You can track your kids via Google Map on the phone APP, or via high accuracy and high speed platform on internet web page.
- 2.3 Months historical route: Keeps a record of the historical route of your kids for 3 months, parents can know when and where the children have been before, to have a better understanding of your love.
- 3.Geo fence: After the geofence is set up, you can get alert notice when the kids go out of the range or come into the range, which will secure the kids’ safety and keep you a peace of mind.
- 4.Voice call and message: with call buttons and two way voice communications, the kids can make a call and talk with parents whenever and wherever they want, you can also dial your kids, you can send voice messages to kids via phone APP, your kids can also send you voice messages via watch’ record button.
- 5.This item is authorized with FCC and CE certification, full 1-year US warranty and lifetime technical support provided directly from Zarsson. (customer service: firstname.lastname@example.org)


The Pros and Cons of Starlink’s Satellite Internet Service on Data Privacy in Jamaica
The world is constantly evolving, and technology is at the forefront of this evolution. The internet has become an essential part of our daily lives, and access to it has become a basic human right. However, not everyone has access to reliable internet services, especially in rural areas. This is where Starlink comes in. Starlink is a satellite internet service that aims to provide high-speed internet to people in remote areas. While this service has its benefits, it also raises concerns about data privacy.
Starlink’s satellite internet service has the potential to revolutionize internet access in Jamaica. The service promises to provide high-speed internet to areas that are currently underserved or unserved by traditional internet service providers. This means that people in rural areas will have access to the same level of internet connectivity as those in urban areas. This could have a significant impact on education, healthcare, and business in these areas.
One of the benefits of Starlink’s satellite internet service is that it is not affected by physical infrastructure limitations. Traditional internet service providers rely on cables and wires to deliver internet services, which can be expensive to install and maintain. Starlink’s satellite internet service, on the other hand, uses a network of satellites to deliver internet services. This means that it can reach areas that are difficult to access or too expensive to connect with traditional internet services.
However, the use of satellites to deliver internet services raises concerns about data privacy. The satellites used by Starlink are constantly orbiting the earth, collecting data as they go. This data includes information about the location of the user, the websites they visit, and the content they access. This data can be used to track the user’s online activities, which raises concerns about privacy.
Another concern is that the data collected by Starlink’s satellites could be accessed by third parties. This could include governments, hackers, or other organizations that may have an interest in the user’s online activities. This could put the user’s personal information at risk, which could have serious consequences.
Despite these concerns, Starlink has taken steps to address data privacy concerns. The company has stated that it will not sell user data to third parties. It has also implemented encryption and other security measures to protect user data. However, it is important to note that no system is completely secure, and there is always a risk of data breaches.
In conclusion, Starlink’s satellite internet service has the potential to revolutionize internet access in Jamaica. It could provide high-speed internet to areas that are currently underserved or unserved by traditional internet service providers. However, the use of satellites to deliver internet services raises concerns about data privacy. While Starlink has taken steps to address these concerns, it is important for users to be aware of the risks and take steps to protect their personal information. As technology continues to evolve, it is important for us to find a balance between the benefits of new technology and the need to protect our privacy.


Getting data to the Pi
There are a few methods to get data to your Raspberry Pi. One method is placing the Raspberry Pi in line between two systems using two Ethernet ports. This requires a USB to Ethernet adapter and the ability to physically connect the Raspberry Pi in this fashion. In the following example, we are connecting a windows laptop to one end of our Raspberry Pi and the network switch to the other. One of the Ethernet ports is a USB adapter.
For live penetration testing, you can customize the Raspberry Pi's protective case, as shown in the following image, to mimic anything from a power plug to a network hub to hide your attack system. We found that the average person won't mess with a small box attached to a network device if it looks ...
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If your planned network is small and simple but you need an effective means of providing power to your devices, you’ll want a cost-effective PoE network switch. Here are our recommendations for the best small (4-to-8 port) switches for around £100 or less.
TP-Link TL-SG1005P (Low Cost)
Astonishingly compact and cost-effective, the tiny SG1005P from TP-Link is a five port, unmanaged network switch with four PoE (802.3af) ports.
Our most efficient means of providing power to your network devices, the TP-Link TL-SG1005P is the best option for those with small home networks and simple needs who want to elegantly power and connect their other network devices.
At a low price like this, however, you’ll be missing out on more advanced features like QoS and VLAN options. It’s also impossible to gain insights into your network since the device doesn’t come as part of a software-managed family of products like the Netgear Insight or Ubiquiti UniFi ranges.
Finally, it should be noted that the TL-SG1005P only offers standard PoE (802.3af), rather than PoE+ (803.2at) from each of its four ports.
TP-Link TL-SG1008MP (Low-Moderate Cost)
This eight-port switch has a 126W PoE power budget, meaning it can supply PoE+ (802.3at) from all eight ports.
It comes at a higher price point, certainly, but the TP-Link SG-TL1008MP has double the ports of the TL-SG1005P and the ability to supply power to any 802.3af/t PoE device since it is compatible with both.
Advanced network features including VLAN configuration, Quality of Service (QoS) management for various types of traffic, including VoIP and video data streams, are also on offer here.
Netgear GC108P-100UKS (Low-Moderate Cost)
For true insight into your network, you’ll need devices managed via a software package like Netgear Insight or Ubiquiti’s UniFi network controller.
Netgear’s GC108P-100UKS is an eight-port gigabit PoE+ switch managed by Netgear’s Insight network management software, which will enable the management of other Insight-managed devices and the monitoring of network traffic, along with advanced configuration options like the creation of subnets, VLANs and more.
Like the TP-Link TL-SG1008MP, all of its 8 ports are capable of supplying PoE or PoE+ to connected devices but, unlike the TL-SG1008MP, this Netgear switch’s power budget is only 64W out of the box, meaning it will not be able to supply PoE+ to eight devices simultaneously. The switch is capable of smartly managing this budget across your devices to provide power, but when you’re out you’re out. If you need to power eight power-hungry devices at once, you’ll need to boost the device’s power budget to 126W with the Netgear FlexPoE EPS130W power adaptor.
US8 60/150W (Moderate Cost)
Ubiquiti’s most popular network switches for businesses and discerning home users with more complex network requirements, the US-8 comes in three versions, each with a different power budget.
The US-8 12W is the cheapest, with only a single PoE passthrough port (meaning PoE is supplied to the switch via port 1 and passed through to another device via port 8).
As part of the UniFi ecosystem, all of the US-8 switches are managed via the UniFi Network Controller software. Through this powerful management hub, like with Netgear Insight, it’s possible to monitor traffic across your network, configure your VLANs, manage network security and more.
At three different price points, it’s possible to source simple and compact network switches that supply PoE to your network devices.
For the most simple and cost-effective solution available, the TP-Link TL-SG1005P provides PoE (802.3af) out of all four of its ports, but will struggle with more demanding devices that require the PoE+ (802.3at) standard. It also will not offer any user-controlled management features, unlike Netgear Insight or Ubiquiti UniFi products.
If you need PoE+ from all eight ports, the US-8-150W is recommended, though the TP-Link TL-SG1008MP is a great option as well. Coming in at a lower price than Ubiquiti’s US-8-150W, you miss out on the managerial power of the UniFi Network Controller software, but have perhaps the most cost-effective and efficient means of powering high-powered devices like high-end wireless access points, IP cameras and VOIP phones. If you prefer simplicity to in-depth insights, the plug-and-play convenience of the TP-Link might be more amenable to you.


Someone told me recently that I can use hilbert to get signal values between 0 and 0.999 (indicating what part of the wave's cycle the signal is at) from a wave of an arbitrary frequency.
If I lowpass filter an incoming signal so I only have the fundamental and pass the phase (0 - 0.999) values to a lookup table I can get new timbres from any signal.
I just need a little help with the maths getting those values out. Since the hilbert object essentially gives an out of phase version of the original signal I'm guessing it involves some formula using the samples from the original and out of phase signal.
Thank you in advance.


Protocol doesn’t require new hardware; works with existing devices
A group of researchers led by a BYU computer engineering professor has created a protocol that significantly extends the distance a Wi-Fi-enabled device can send and receive signals.
The engineering innovation requires no new hardware to enhance the signal range for “internet of things” devices, like a door sensor or motion detector, but can extend the distance these devices can be installed from a Wi-Fi access point by more than 60 meters, according to test results.
“That’s the really cool thing about this technology: it’s all done in software,” said Phil Lundrigan, assistant professor of computer engineering at BYU. “In theory, we could install this on almost any Wi-Fi enabled device with a simple software update.”
The new protocol is called On-Off Noise Power Communication and is programmed right on top of the existing Wi-Fi protocol using the same hardware. While Wi-Fi requires speeds of at least one megabit per second (1 Mbps) to maintain a signal, the “ONPC” protocol Lundrigan and his co-authors created can maintain a signal on as low as 1 bit per second — one millionth of the data speed required by Wi-Fi.
BEYOND WIFI; GOING FOR NOISE
To do so, Lundrigan, Neal Patwari of Washington University (in St. Louis) and Sneha Kasera of the University of Utah adjusted the transmitter in a Wi-Fi-enabled device to send wireless noise in addition to data. They programmed into the Wi-Fi sensor a series of 1s and 0s, essentially turning the signal on and off in a specific pattern. The Wi-Fi router was able to distinguish this pattern from the surrounding wireless noise (from computers, televisions and cell phones) and therefore know that the sensor was still transmitting something, even if the data wasn’t being received.
“If the access point (router) hears this code, it says, ‘OK, I know the sensor is still alive and trying to reach me, it’s just out of range,’” Patwari said. “It’s basically sending 1 bit of information that says it’s alive.”
But according to Lundrigan, 1 bit of information is sufficient for many Wi-Fi enabled devices that simply need an on/off message, such as a garage door sensor, an air quality monitor or even a sprinkler system. During their research, the authors successfully implemented their ONPC protocol, along with a cleverly named application to manage the protocol (“Stayin’ Alive”), ultimately extending the range of an off-the-shelf device 67 meters beyond the range of standard Wi-Fi.
The researchers made clear to point out that their ONPC protocol is not meant to replace Wi-Fi or even long-range wireless protocols like LoRa, but is meant to supplement Wi-Fi. Specifically, only when Stayin’ Alive detects that the Wi-Fi device has lost its connection, it starts transmitting data using ONPC.
That being said, authors believe the innovation could make LoRa even longer range or be used on top of other wireless technologies. “We can send and receive data regardless of what Wi-Fi is doing; all we need is the ability to transmit energy and then receive noise measurements,” Lundrigan said. “We could apply this to cellular or Bluetooth as well.”
The research was presented on October 22 at the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking in Los Cabos, Mexico. MobiCom is one of the premier computer engineering conferences, with an acceptance rate for papers usually under 20 percent, and closer to 15 percent this year.
Lundrigan runs the Network Enhanced Technologies Lab (NET) at BYU. NET is focused on building real systems that enhance and extend wireless networks, Internet of Things, security, privacy and reliability. Take a look at what they’re up to right now: https://netlab.byu.edu/projects/
The Latest on: Wi-Fi range
via Google News
The Latest on: Wi-Fi range
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🔍 See Original Answer on Ask Ubuntu 🔗
What does NetworkManager-wait-online.service do?
March 23, 2018
Edited: June 12, 2020
November 24, 2022
Copy to clipboard: false
Some code runs off the network
In some multi-user environments part of the boot-up process can come from the network. For this case
systemd defaults to waiting for the network to come on-line before certain steps are taken.
Majority of Desktop Users
Unlike some multi-user environments most Ubuntu desktop users have the Operating System and drivers on their hard disks, SSDs or Live Boot USBs.
There is a glitch where some users wait an extremely long time for network to come up during boot. In this case the recommendations is to set the maximum wait time to 30 seconds. A better way is to simply disable the service at boot time.
For many users 10 to 15 seconds can be sliced off the parallel boot time by using:
sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service
After you sign on you will likely get a message bubble stating you’ve now been connected to the network (WiFi or Ethernet access to Internet).


Table of Content
The ECT (Effective Connection Type) header is used by HTTP applications to adapt to the network connectivity of a user. Designed to optimize web performance, ECT estimates network speed based on metrics such as round-trip time and bandwidth. This allows developers to programmatically alter the behavior of web applications according to the user's network conditions.
The above is a basic sample of ECT header where the ECT is set to "4G".
The ECT header has 4 directives or connection types:
- 4G: High-speed internet with low latency.
- 3G: Moderate speed internet with slightly higher latency.
- 2G: Slow speed internet with high latency.
- slow-2G: Very slow internet with very high latency.
The value is set by the browser based on the user's real-time network conditions.
Examples of how to set the ECT header:
HTTP response header:
How to modify ECT header
The ModHeader Chrome extension is an effective tool to modify request headers like ECT. To use it:
- Install the ModHeader extension from the Chrome Web Store.
- Click the ModHeader icon in the toolbar and in the 'Request Headers' section, click 'Add'.
- Input 'ECT' in the name field, choose an effective connection type (e.g., '2G') in the value field, and save.
This capability to simulate different network conditions can help you optimize the performance of your web applications and provide enhanced user experiences.


5G Comes to Tablets – is this a reality?
5G technology is already available in many tablets on the market today, and it is becoming increasingly common as a feature in newer tablet models. 5G, or fifth generation, is the latest generation of wireless cellular technology that offers faster internet speeds, lower latency, and improved network reliability compared to previous generations such as 4G/LTE.
With 5G-enabled tablets, users can experience faster download and upload speeds, smoother streaming of high-definition videos, better online gaming performance, and enhanced overall connectivity. 5G also enables other advanced features such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and cloud-based applications on tablets, making them more powerful and versatile for a wide range of tasks.
It’s worth noting that 5G availability and coverage may vary depending on the region and cellular network infrastructure, as 5G networks are still being deployed and expanded worldwide. However, many tablet manufacturers have started incorporating 5G connectivity into their devices, and as 5G networks continue to roll out, 5G-enabled tablets are expected to become more prevalent in the market.
- Enhanced Connectivity: 5G brings significant improvements in terms of speed, latency, and capacity compared to previous generations. With 5G-enabled tablets, users can experience faster download and upload speeds, allowing for seamless streaming of high-quality video content, smoother online gaming, and quicker file transfers.
- Improved User Experience: Tablets equipped with 5G can offer enhanced user experiences, especially for data-intensive tasks. For example, users can enjoy high-quality video calling with minimal lag, access cloud-based applications more efficiently, and enjoy augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) experiences with reduced latency and improved overall performance.
- Multitasking and Productivity: 5G-enabled tablets can be beneficial for multitasking and productivity. With faster internet speeds and lower latency, users can quickly download and upload large files, collaborate in real-time with colleagues, and work seamlessly with cloud-based applications, making them ideal for professionals who need to stay productive on the go.
- Future-Proofing: 5G is the latest wireless technology, and as cellular networks continue to evolve and expand, having a 5G-enabled tablet can help future-proof your device. As more 5G networks are deployed worldwide, having a tablet with 5G capabilities can ensure that your device remains compatible with the latest cellular networks for years to come.
- Availability: Many tablet manufacturers, including Apple, Samsung, Huawei, and others, have already released or announced tablets with 5G capabilities. These tablets are typically positioned as premium or high-end devices, and their availability may vary depending on the region and carrier support for 5G networks.
It’s important to note that while 5G-enabled tablets offer many benefits, the actual performance and experience may also depend on various factors such as the quality of the 5G network, network coverage, and the specific use case of the tablet. It’s always recommended to check the specifications and capabilities of the tablet model you’re interested in and verify the availability and coverage of 5G networks in your area.


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The STEVAL-IKR002V1D product evaluation board is based on the SPIRIT1, a very low-power RF transceiver intended for RF wireless applications in the sub 1 GHz frequency band.
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Samsung has announced its plan to develop a satellite-based communication solution that will allow users to make and receive calls and messages on their smartphones even in remote areas without any cellular coverage. The new service will be called “Direct-to-Satellite” and will use low earth orbit (LEO) satellites to provide connectivity.
Samsung introduced its own solution for satellite connectivity on smartphones earlier today. The company announced the 5G non-terrestrial networks (NTN) modem, which allows phones to communicate with satellites in areas where cellular network access is unavailable.
The company stated that it intends to incorporate this technology into its own Exynos chip, which is used in many Samsung smartphones but not the current flagship model, the Samsung Galaxy S23. This technology, according to the Korean tech giant, uses “satellites and other non-terrestrial vehicles” to give connectivity in remote areas.
The decision comes after Apple introduced satellite connectivity with the iPhone 14 and 14 Pro for off-grid connectivity. The corporation first made this technology available in the United States and Canada before spreading it to France, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Apple is reliant on the Globalstar satellite network.
“This milestone builds on our rich legacy in wireless communications technologies, following the introduction of the industry’s first commercial 4G LTE modem in 2009 and the industry’s first 5G modem in 2018,” Min Goo Kim, vice president of communication processor development at Samsung Electronics said in a statement.
“Samsung aims to take the lead in advancing hybrid terrestrial-NTN communications ecosystems around the world in preparation for the arrival of 6G.”
For emergency situations, the current generation of satellite communication technology promises two-way texting and phoning. But, Samsung claims that future iterations of its technology will be able to transfer photographs and videos as well.
Qualcomm announced a partnership with Iridium last month at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) to deliver satellite connection to Android phones powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2.


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Home Internet in Springfield, WI
Internet Providers in Springfield, Wisconsin
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Best Internet Provider In Springfield, WI
Topping the list of internet service providers in Springfield, Wisconsin, is Spectrum with an impressive 84% coverage. Thanks to its cable connection—which boasts the same coverage percentage—Spectrum is the go-to choice for many in the community. Notably, Spectrum provides an exceptional download speed reaching 1 Gbps, outpacing all other local providers. With plans starting at just $49.99 a month, it offers more bang for the buck, especially for those reliant on high-speed internet for streaming, gaming, or running a home business.
T-Mobile 5G Home Internet also steps up as a prominent provider with 76% coverage. Its use of 5G technology is cutting-edge, offering a download speed between 33-245 Mbps. Starting at $50 per month, their pricing matches closely with Spectrum, though the speed range might not provide a consistent high-speed experience. Still, for those within the coverage area looking to try out 5G service, T-Mobile is worth considering.
In a nutshell, Spectrum and T-Mobile 5G Home Internet are the frontrunners in Springfield's internet services, delivering both conventional cable and advanced 5G connection options to the community.
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A log-periodic antenna is a broadband self-tuning antenna. The log
periodic antenna consists of a number of parallel
active elements arranged in order of length, with the shortest
at one end and the longest at the other.. At
the lowest frequency of operation, the longest element is resonant,
and all other elements act as directors. At the highest
frequency, the shortest element resonates and the other (longer) elements
act as reflectors In the middle of the frequency band,
one of the other elements h is resonant; elements shorter
than the resonant element act as directors; and elements longer
than the resonant element act as reflectors.
The log periodic antenna is often used as an HF antenna or
a VHF antenna, depending on the lengths of its elements.
Other topics in our resources on Antennas related to Log Periodic Antenna include: