Discussions about the world that will emerge from the coronavirus pandemic have already started apace. Many commentators are wondering whether the crisis offers the opportunity to set the world on a more sustainable and equal path.
The Covid-19 recovery offers an opportunity to create a different type of ‘normal’ – one that can help restore trust in the state and reaffirm crucial economic and social rights.
The crisis is set to generate a loss of at least 1.5% or $1 trillion worldwide, which would technically mean a global recession with all major regions affected and a devastating impact on the poorest countries.
Plans for recovery are already being discussed, with a focus on the financial stimulus needed to help economies recover. But what is needed is a systemic change that goes far beyond financial instruments to recalibrate societal values and provide a more sustainable underpinning for the future.
Crises are often a moment of change: my experience from humanitarian contexts is that they should never be seen as a temporary breakdown, but rather as processes of change, creating new frameworks of social representation and regulation.
Demands for a new order were already emerging before the pandemic struck, with people taking to the streets to protest against austerity and growing inequality and the lack of government action on climate change. The socio-economic devastation Covid-19 is wreaking across the world must be seen in the wider context of the enduring effects of the 2008 financial crisis.
Last week on the Twittersphere an image started circulating showing a message on an apartment block in the Chilean capital Santiago, reading ‘No volveremos a la normalidad, porque’ la normalidad era el problema’ (‘we won’t get back to normal because normal was the problem’). Twitteratis assumed that the message was in response to the pandemic, when it was actually put up during the anti-government protests that ravaged Chile last year.
Chile.— Inês Moreira dos Santos (@inesmorsantos) November 1, 2019
“No volveremos a la normalidad porque la normalidad era el problema” pic.twitter.com/tGXafBMCLV
Chilean President Sebastian Pinera had used the word ‘normality’ when announcing his decision to lift the state of emergency. But Chileans angry and frustrated with the increasing cost of living, low wages, poor public health and education system and deepening inequality were not prepared to accept a return to the status quo ante. It was this same popular anger that toppled the Bashir regime and brought about historic change in Sudan last year.
A return to a new normality
A return to normality post-crisis does not mean a mere restoration of the previous situation, but should lead to the establishment of a new order that, in the words of Mark Fisher (PDF), allows ‘what was previously deemed to be impossible seem attainable’.
Recent decades have seen a progressive erosion of hard-won economic and social rights, deepening social inequalities, the expansion of precarious work and the regression of the welfare state in a growing number of countries.
This has been accompanied by a backlash against human rights, particularly women’s rights, and the shrinking of democratic space, leading in some cases to the criminalisation of social movements and rising populism, nationalism and xenophobia.
Three critical areas where there is no option but change
This systemic change needs to address three crucial challenges: climate change, rampant inequality and the erosion of human rights. There is no option but change, given the state of the planet and the deep societal fractures that threaten the stability of the social contract between citizens and states.
The growing urgency of the climate emergency has engaged many concerned citizens and created mass social movements demanding change. The Covid-19 crisis has shown that more sustainable ways of living are possible.
Governments and businesses will be pushed to find ways to enable people to permanently shift their behaviour with regard to work and travel, and consider the benefits of remote working and virtual meetings. More critically, any financial recovery will need to be predicated on urgent action to reduce emissions in rich economies, and ensure a just transition in lower-income countries.
The recovery will also need to tackle the deep inequality plaguing so many societies. The aftermath of the Second World War saw sharply reduced income and wealth inequality and extensive government intervention in post-war recovery.
Something similar will be needed now to curtail corporate and investment profits and protect workers and consumers, including through social welfare reforms and progressive taxation. Governments are already playing a much stronger role in helping their citizens and economies weather this crisis, such as with the UK ‘wartime’ financial rescue package to ‘support jobs, incomes and businesses’, and this will need to be sustained. New ideas such as universal basic income should be tested.
The challenge with more robust state involvement will be to avoid enduring limitations to individual freedoms. Many fear that the extraordinary measures and emergency legislation governments have introduced to shut borders, enforce quarantine and track infected people may be the prelude to more autocratic and illiberal regimes.
Human rights advocates have questioned the speed with which emergency bills were waved through without parliamentary scrutiny, and fear that some of these measures will become normalised over time. Some fear that dictatorships are already emerging, such as in Hungary.
Even before these draconian measures were introduced, fundamental human rights were already reported to be under strain in almost two-thirds of the 113 countries surveyed for the 2018 Rule of Law Index, with concerns over a universal surge in authoritarian nationalism and a retreat from international legal obligations.
The backlash against women’s rights is particularly concerning, from rising femicide and politically motivated gender-based violence to the erosion of sexual and reproductive rights. These protections can only be advanced within the context of a new international system that replaces the current multilateral system in crisis.
The quest for a new social model
Multilateral innovation has invariably emerged from systemic crises. The First World War led to the creation of the League of Nations, and the Second to the establishment of the UN, the Bretton Woods institutions and the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which paved the way for the creation of the EU. The 1973 oil shock ushered in the G7. More recently, the G20 was established after the 2008 financial crisis.
It’s too early to say what form this innovation should take, but it should reflect the different nature of the Covid-19 crisis compared to the world wars or global financial crises. Ideally, in a networked world and following a crisis characterised by increased community connection and solidarity, new forms of cooperation will be needed that harness the energy and spirit of non-state actors.
In many ways, global civil society may already be showing us what a different social model might look like as individuals and communities come together to help the most vulnerable in society.
Concerned citizens will need to unite into social movements that will generate the push for change, as trade unions, the civil rights movement and the suffragettes did in the past. And it will be incumbent on actors such as think tanks and NGOs who see themselves as agents of change to attune themselves to emerging dynamics and work with governments and businesses to help shape a more sustainable and equal ‘normal’ for all.


Instead of belonging to the ‘lonely hearts club,’ a new study makes a case for seniors to consider moving into a designated retirement community—or at least to remain social.
Many seniors prefer to age in place and remain in their own homes, but the benefits they might gain by saving money or maintaining a familiar setting can be lost through loneliness, which speeds up the aging process, according to a recent Cornell study published in Psychology and Aging.
The social pain of loneliness produces changes in the body that mimic the aging process and increase the risk of heart disease, according to the study, and while heart functions change as a normal aspect of aging, loneliness accelerates the process.
Researchers measured cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in 91 young adults (aged 18 to 30) and 91 older adults (aged 65 to 80) who gave a speech and did mental arithmetic in a lab setting. They assessed each person’s level of loneliness before the tasks, and took systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements before, during, and after the tasks.
“The most striking thing we found was that the cardiovascular response of the lonely young adults to the social stressor task looked more like that of the nonlonely older adults,” said lead author Anthony Ong, associate professor of human development in Cornell’s College of Human Ecology in a statement.
Older adults had a higher resting blood pressure and a greater cardiovascular stress reactivity, along with a longer recovery time, compared to younger adults. The study found that loneliness increased each of these measures, with an even more negative impact in older adults. In fact, the recovery time after the tasks was, on average, “so delayed [that] they did not return to baseline levels during the two-hour-long follow-up period.”
“I think it’s helpful to distinguish the emotional pangs that are associated with acute loneliness from the more chronic feelings of distress that accompany perceived deficits in the quality of our social relationships,” Ong said. “Viewed from this perspective, acute loneliness may be seen as adaptive, signaling us to repair social connections. However, it is the persistence of loneliness over time that may set the stage for health problems in later life…one of the most important and life-affirming messages of this research is the reminder that we all desire and need meaningful social connections.”
The study can be accessed here.
Written by Alyssa Gerace


First is graph paper. Any old kind will do. I personally like reinforced filler paper, two sided, which seems to hold up a little better to my doodles and drawings. Double sided gives a chance to use back and front of a single notebook page which opens the view to the imagination. [ 4/sq/inch on front and 5 sq/inch on back ]
Second is "square and circles". [The square = males, the circle = female.] This gives a way to draw a number of generations on the same page and connect the dots. See my blog GE-NE-AL-O-GY 101 for a discussion of this method.
Third is a chronology. By know you must recognize that a detailed chronology is paramount in the tree climbing adventure. The figures show my chronology (in years) placed along the sides of the pages. This can be done in all sorts of intervals. This gives a "time line" to the family tree.
Forth is a coding mechanism. This allows one to give each individual a distinct place in the tree, and hopefully allow one not to get confused along the branches. My coding method is simple and flexible, using the alphabet and numbers. [The coding methods have been discussed in several of my blogs.]
Finally, I like colors. A color code will give a visual picture that can be followed page after page of the family tree. Each major branch is given its own color code, so that as the generations increase, they can be followed page by page. This especially helpful when those folks married 1st cousins!
The drawings shown are done with the graph paper turned side ways. This will also give more room to place the family branch.
Family trees...the leaves will grow and the branches get broader.


RHS Names Top Garden Diseases of 2013
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) has named the top 10 garden diseases of 2013, based on enquiries received by the RHS Gardening Advice team. For the 18th year running honey fungus is the number one disease, with its presence confirmed on 215 samples, covering 78 plant genera.
Honey fungus, which is considered the most destructive fungal disease in UK gardens, spreads underground, attacking and killing the roots of perennial plants and then decaying the dead wood. If its presence is confirmed, the only effective remedy is to excavate and destroy the infected root and stump, cutting off the food base on which the rhizomorphs feed.
While it was no shock that honey fungus was the number one problem disease in 2012, perhaps the biggest surprise was the influence the weather had on the list. The mild, wet autumn of 2013 is thought to be behind a record increase in Cylindrocladium (4th) and Volutella (5th) box blight cases, with enquiries for both diseases reaching their highest levels since the RHS began keeping detailed digital records in 1996. As in 2012, leaf spots and Pythium occupied the 2nd and 3rd spots in the list.
Rusts (8th) were less common in 2013, with enquiries falling more than 50% on the 2012 figure, which means it slipped four places down the list from a high of 4th in 2012. This was mainly because heuchera rust was less common in nurseries in 2013, while the dry summer restricted the spread of the damp-loving disease that thrived in the very wet summer of 2012.
RHS Chief Scientist Dr John David says: “The high rainfall levels we experienced in 2013 provided the perfect conditions for certain diseases to thrive, most notably Cylindrocladium and Volutella box blight. Should our weather continue to be marked by extreme events, whether that’s extreme wet or warmth, we could see an increase in these types of disease.
“Through our daily interaction with RHS members, via our Gardening Advice and diagnostic services, we are at the forefront of the fight both to identify and advise on the most effective way for gardeners to limit the impact of diseases.”


Archiving the World's Newspapers
Through a century of major, sustained investment in acquisition, documentation and preservation, North American research libraries have amassed a vast and valuable corpus of newspapers from all regions of the world. Those libraries’ aggregate holdings of newspapers in paper and micro-formats span four centuries and constitute a body of historical and cultural evidence that is not replicated elsewhere.
Microform, the chief means of access to these primary source materials, affords only limited use and discoverability of the newspaper contents. Consequently various national libraries, including the Bibliotheque Nationale de France, British Library, Library and Archives Canada, Library of Congress, and the Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, have begun to digitize back runs of their respective domestic newspapers. These national projects, however, are not likely to provide access to newspapers from regions outside of the United States, Canada, Europe, and the United Kingdom. Hence, CRL and a number of major North American research libraries are exploring undertaking the systematic, large scale digitization of world newspapers and news-related materials from their paper and microform holdings.
These institutions might bring to bear their expertise and resources to digitize and make available for scholarly use, through the Web and other electronic means, a portion of their holdings of newspapers from the following regions:
- Latin America and the Caribbean
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- The Middle East
- Slavic and Eastern Europe
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- East Asia
Such an initiative would obviously have to be undertaken on a multi-year, multi-stage basis. An initial goal of the endeavor would be to digitize and present in electronic form several million pages of newspapers within a five-year period. An effort on this scale would require CRL to enlist the support of an appropriate electronic publishing partner that would provide the needed capabilities and services in return for an interest in the project.
To test the waters, CRL has invited a number of electronic publishers, aggregators, and other organizations (both commercial and nonprofit) to submit general proposals for partnership in this endeavor. The prospective partner organization(s) will be expected to invest funds and in-kind services in the endeavor, and could expect to accrue an appropriate return on their investment.
CRL and its affiliates would expect to derive from the endeavor benefits commensurate with their investment in the project as well. If viable, the project methodology could provide a template for the conversion and electronic delivery of other kinds of primary source materials from the collections of CRL and its member libraries.
With a sense of the publishers’ interest, CRL and its affiliates will then explore prospects for additional funding.


Chemical controls or more commonly called insecticides are products designed to kill or manage insects by affecting their behavior or growth such as repellents, insect growth regulators, and plant growth regulators.
The selection of a particular insecticides depends on the situation, the insect and the ingredients in a particular insecticide formulation.
Insecticides can affect insect eggs, the larvae and some treat the adult insect. Some are classified as stomach poisons that are ingested into the insect's digestive system, others are contact poisons that kill through absorption, and others are respiratory poison which is inhaled.
Most insecticides are not 100% toxicant. They usually contain two or more components. The most common are the active ingredients, the inert ingredients and sometimes a synergist.
The active ingredient is the component that kills or affects the insect's behavior. The inert ingredients are non-toxic and are used to dissolve the active ingredients and provide a base or carrier for the active ingredients.


There are so many fire hazards that can be prevented before tragedy strikes. The best way to protect yourself and others from fire hazards is to try to eliminate known hazards so that you can better protect yourself from unknown hazards. This can be accomplished by following fire prevention guidelines. Read now to learn invaluable tips on fire prevention.
Fire prevention tips can be learnt from presentations, distributing safety brochures, news articles and public safety announcements. These tips should always be displayed in well-visited areas so that a variety of media channels can help spread public awareness. Many fires are preventable accidents.
When fire safety surveys are made public on commercial and residential property, they can have an important effect on community fire prevention and pre-incident planning.
Fire safety surveys being legislated to citizens make living, working, studying, worshiping, and playing in safe environments a possibility.
When fire safety surveys are in place it helps people to enter structures, recognize hazards and resolve problems. Fire inspections should be conducted as well to help building occupants become more aware of potential hazards inside building structures. Here are just a few things you should know to help prevent fires:
What are Fire Hazards?
A fire hazard is anything that encourages a fire to start and increases the severity of a fire. You can avoid fire hazards by controlling their elements. There are fuel hazards such as flammable and combustible gases, flammable and combustible liquids, chemicals, dusts, and combustible metals. There are heat source hazards of chemical forms, electrical, mechanical and nuclear.
Common hazardous fire conditions can result from poor housekeeping and improper storage of hazardous items. Make sure that you always replace or repair heating, lighting, or power equipment fire hazards.
Hazards vary by different occupancies but all occupancies from commercial buildings and private residences contain fire hazards. Some target hazard facilities that should have pre-planning in place are lumberyards, oil storage facilities, large shopping centers and hospitals. Pre-planning helps reduce the great potential of life or property loss from fires.
Here are just a few valuable facts you should know about fire safety:
- Over 70% of all fires happen in residential areas and this is where the majority of civilian causalities happen. So home fire prevention is a top priority for fire safety. Improving life safety conditions and utilizing properly fire systems will reduce this likelihood.
-Fire Detectors and Alarm systems being in place in building structures can notify occupants to take necessary action such as calling the fire department or activating a sprinkler system.
- Smoke Detectors should be on every living level and in every sleeping room. Smoke detectors come in two basic types –Photoelectric and Ionization. Photoelectric uses photoelectric cells with a specific light source. They work using beam applications that use a beam of light on monitored areas. When smoke enters the cells, the light beam will refract in all directions activating the detector. Ionization detectors work off particles produced by smoke allowing an electrical current to flow between negative and positive plates.
-Automatic Sprinkler Systems can be used to distribute water directly to the fire and are more than 96% effective in controlling or extinguishing fires. Sprinkler system configurations can come in wet pipe system, dry pipe system, pre-action system, deluge system and residential system. Read about them here.
If you need reliable Fire Alarm Systems installed today, let Fireline Corporations be your fire system provider.
Building fire alarm systems range from small, conventional systems to large computer based intelligent, networked systems. Fireline Corporation can provide the analysis; design and installation of systems best suited to provide a reliable, code compliant and cost effective solution. Fireline also can furnish and install mass notification alerting systems for commercial, industrial and educational facilities.


Acquisition of lexical competence in didactic approaches aimed at specialized communication
[Acquisition de la compétence lexicale dans les approches didactiques visant la communication spécialisée]
The main objective of our contribution is to determine the role of the acquisition of lexical competence among the specialized public in the current didactic approaches aiming at specialized communication, thus in the concepts such as French as a professional language, French for Specific Purposes and French for Academic Purposes. Students of all the mentioned didactic approaches use a foreign language as a means of communication in their field of study or activity. The aim of our paper is to define the position of vocabulary teaching in selected didactic approaches that deal with the teaching of the French language as a professional language. For the purpose of our article, we have compiled a corpus consisting of methodological publications dealing with the development of specialized French. The analysis of the corpus will aim at defining the role of vocabulary acquisition in these didactic approaches. The conclusion of the text will summarize the analysis and provide a starting point for teaching vocabulary in professional language courses.
Key words: French, lexical competence, professional language, diachronic perspective


Copepod Larvae Hatching By Matt Wittenrich This is a really unusual harpacticoid copepod collected in plankton tow off Melbourne, Florida. As I was photographing this beast, the eggs started to hatch and I got a cool little video that is quite clear. Here's a longer description of what's going on:
Copepoda: AxioVision Time Lapse Image Short time lapse movie of an well known aquatic crustacea. Acquired using AxioVision imaging software and AxioCam MR digital microscope camera.
Cyclops Copepod, Female with eggs. I picked up some copepod and other pond critters while collecting some diving beetles, so I captured some shots of this female with eggs.
Congregating copepods Cluster of marine copepods.
Copepod from my glass Short video of a Copepod from my tank taken with a QX% USB microscope
rotifers & copepods Culturing rotifers & copepods
Vorticella on a Copepod Vorticella on back of a copepod
Copepod with vorticellla Parasites Copepod with the largest mat of vorticellas attached that i've come accross.What is the relationship ? Perhaps it helps stabilize the copepod from sinking.Or maybe it helps it filter feed?
Copepod Life Life of copepods and zooplankton in our 20 gallon refugium. You've seen our display tank, now see the microscopic universe below.
ZM Copepods Rotifers River Shrimp mixed culture Mixed culture of rotifers, copepods, and young river shrimp at approx 9mm. This was an accidental mix but instead of being reared on BBS the shrimp have grown really well on the young copepods.
Copepod model This is an animation of one run of our model, with colors representing the number of Cal*** (a type of copepod). The blue colors at the beginning indicate that there are relatively few Cal*** at the beginning of the year. As the waters warm up and the amount of chlorophyll increases, Cal*** becomes more abundant (green and yellows). Eventually, by the end of the simulation (about June 1), there are regions of orange and red that indicate lots of Cal***. You'll also notice that the image seems to wiggle—these are the twice-daily tides pushing the copepods around. Produced by Andy Pershing, Gulf Of Maine Research Institute.
copepod meal copepod eats mosquito larva
Are these copepods the hyenas of the sea? These copepods (small crustaceans) are members of the family Oncaeidae. In this video, they are feeding on a dead salp...
Copepod RAWLINGS, Va. -- Copepod from 50 feet depth at Lake Rawlings Scuba Park.
copepod under microscope I saw this copepod skeleton and LIVE critter under my microscope. Wait till the live copepod has sat there on your screen for a bit -- you'll see the insides moving! Very cool.
Copepod with eggs - Microphotography An egg-bearing marine copepod under a microscope. This is part of the breeding stock for a copepod hatchery to act as a live food supply for baby fish and seahorses.
SW Rebuild - Part 15 - Refugium and Copepods So I meant to do a video of putting together the regium, but it smehow got away from me. Basically I grabbed a small rubbermaid container, filled it with 2 inches of the Fiji Pink live sand, threw in some cheato, and some live rubble. I then placed the container inside the refugium area of the sump and put the remaining liv sand outside the bin. A couple days later, I added a bottle of a couple thousand live copepods. The thought is, they will have a safe place to breed and a few will slip into the main tank and maybe populate the live rock. I also plan on adding a couple hermit crabs and some cleaner clams to the refugium when one of my local fish stores get some in stock.
Copepods I collected these Copepods from a pond in my backyard. im going to feed these guys to my betta fry =]
copepod infected with vorticella If you are interested in this topic, you can refer to the paper by Xu Z, Burns CW. [Hydrobiologia (1990) 209: 183-189] . "When food was present there was no difference between carriers and non-carriers in growth of copepodites, and in survival and reproduction of adults. When food was absent, copepods infected with E. daphniae (vorticella) survived for shorter periods than non-carriers."
Copepod Nauplius (Zooplankton, Copepod) Copepod Nauplius collected from Lake Kelso, a kettle lake located in Burton, OH.
Copepods Live Salt Water Reef Tank Aquarium Fish and Coral Food Now In HD by precisionaquatech Live Copepods by Precision Aquaculture Technologies. Feel free to share this video in your blog, forums, or just plain enjoy it with us. We're teaching people how to breed their own live food at home. If you want to learn more visit us online at -
Copepod Nauplius Larva.wmv The challenge of this video was to keep the larva immobile for a long period (I mean for seconds, of course). The larva kept typically moving form place to place and away from the microscope light beam. My own pulse and the vibration of the lab bench give the vibration you could notice in the movie. Plus there was too much water in the sample. The larva was in drops of pond water on a depression slide.
Copepod Heart Harpacticoid copepod with egg-clusters from Puget Sound. The dorsal heart is clearly visible.
freshwater Harpacticoid Copepods A sudden copepod bloom in my quarantine tank, occupied only by The Plecostomas That Should Have Died - who's name is Succubus. I believe from all of my internet research, that these are (as noted by the title) Harpacticoid Copepods. This video was filmed with a point and shoot Casio Exilim, edited with iMovie 08, and soundtracked on Garageband by me with my Fender Acoustasonic, my Yamaha keyboard, and my Behringer mixer. I wrote the music especially for this video.
copepod filtering circle current The filtering current made by a copepod as it filter feeds.
Copepod Hunt Clips from a 3 minute video where I attempt to track down the elusive and twitchy copepod! 4X lomo objective, prime focus .
High-speed video of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae swimming by jumping This video shows a high-speed video of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae swimming by jumping. This research was published in the journal of the Royal Society Interface in the paper: The fluid dynamics of swimming by jumping in copepods by Houshuo Jiang and Thomas Kiorboe. The doi link for the article is
Free fish food! ( Copepods - tiny crustaceans in the aquarium) Here's a shot of some Copepods on the surface of the water in my aquarium, they're nearly everywhere in most sal***er aquariums with live rock, but always hard to see because of there near microscopic size. My Mandarin Dragonet fish eats these tiny crustaceans exclusively and does not eat any other foods. Most Dragonets are like this, so they usually require a larger tank because in smaller aquariums the copepod population cannot be sustained and the Mandarin eventually eats them faster than they can reproduce and the fish ends up starving to death. If your lucky you can find or train one that can accept other foods such as flake, pellets, mysis shrimp....I trained a Dragonet years ago and eventually got him to accept other foods, but it did take nearly 2 weeks to do.
Sal***er Reef Aquarium Tiger Pods (copepods) For Fish, Coral, Filter Feeders. They Are Huge! Look These are our very own Tiger Pods. They are fully gut loaded and shipped in live Phytoplankton. Email or Call with any questions or to place your orders. 1(888)887-4449 Jim@
Copepod culture Copepod cultureing. Background music is from Gomez (We haven't turned around).
Copepods! While admiring my tubifex worms, I discovered copepods.
Copepods - likely Tisbe sp. - 10X There's all life stages in this little sampling, as well as some rotifers.
Copepod taking a *** Scientists on a marine biology expedition ship (Galathea Expedition) in The Indian Ocean have filmed a copepod as it is taking a ***. It's the first time for the scientists to see such an event so they are very exicted which is clear if you listen to the soundtrack. Filmed by Suree Satapoomin
Copepods 2 different copepods in the same patch of glass, these guys were so small i couldnt focus on them. the bigger of the 2 measured about 0.75-1mm
Marine fish breeding-Live feed- Copepod (.my) Breeding of marine fish fries using copepod as live feed
Tisbe Copepods - 60X A closer look at the copepods (along with some rotifers)
LIVE Copepods Visit - Precision's LIVE Marine Copepods. Food for coral, mandarin fish, green mandarins, goby fish, six line wrasse, delicate shrimp and baby fish fry. Order online at - .
Copepod or Amphipod? This critter was navigating its way across my glass, is it classed as a copepod or amphipod? I dont know..
Coolest Deep Sea Creature EVER!!! - Copepod Short clip from BBCs Blue Planet of the coolest Deep Sea Creature ever!!! The Copepod! - Legend!
Copepoda & rotifers My fry tank prior to hatch
pregnant cyclops AKA copepod A pregnant copepod collected from a pond in Ann Arbor, MI on 18Jan10 and observed in the sample jar on 3Feb10.
Copepod hatchery Colony of marine copepods (Tigriopus califoricus) breeding in a small hatchery container. Mature egg-bearing females have visible egg sacks which gives them the "figure 8" appearance. The water is tinted green from the live nannochloropsis phytoplankton that feeds the copepods.


- Introduction to Heel Pain
- Types of Heel Pain
- Preventative Measures for Heel Pain
- What to Expect with Heel Pain
Introduction to Heel Pain
Heel pain is unlike most body aches and injuries because heels can't be immobilized to rest and recover, at least without considerable inconvenience to the sufferer. Heels can't be isolated and splinted either ,as body weight will continue to aggravate the condition with every step.
Heel pain can be devastating if left untreated, eventually impairing the ability to walk comfortably--or at all. Most heel pain comes from tendon problems, though some types can come from bone issues as well.
Here are a few in-depth explanations of heel pain causes and potential remedies for those that are afflicted:
Types of Heel Pain
One of the most well-known causes of heel pain, plantar fascitis occurs when the thick tissue along the arch of the foot becomes tight and inflamed. The foot itself can feel cramped when this tissue is inflamed, causing the afflicted person to feel as if they have a muscle cramp that flexing the foot doesn't seem to alleviate. Plantar fascitis is most common among men over the age of 40.
- The first steps in the morning are extremely painful
- Pain flares up after activities like stair or steep hill climbing
- Pain continues to occur regardless of the type of shoes or lack of shoes worn
- Over-the-counter pain medication
- Physical therapist-recommended stretching exercises
- Orthopedic inserts
Heel spurs are, unsurprisingly, spur-like growths of bone that extend from beneath the heel bone, called the calcaneus. While they appear simultaneously with approximately 70% of plantar fascitis cases, no direct causal link has been clearly identified and they do still appear without pain in otherwise healthy individuals. A bone spur can aggravate the pain and inflammation of plantar fascitis, making it an important treatment focus for orthopedists.
- Discovery during a foot X-ray
- Diagnosis of plantar fascitis
- Abnormal gait
- Orthopedic inserts to relieve pressure on the spur
- Ice packs to reduce swelling around the spur
- Surgery in extreme cases where non-invasive therapies fail after more than a year
Arthritis of the Heel / Subtalar Arthritis
The heel is an important and highly used joint in the body, making it especially susceptible to the pain of arthritis. Arthritis in the heel, called subtalar arthritis, can be caused either by a sudden injury or fracture in the heel area or the degeneration and loss of cartilage that often comes with age. Without diagnosis and treatment the problem will get more severe and painful, as it will not heal on its own.
- Difficulty moving the heel in a normal range of motion
- Increasingly intense pain in the heel when walking on uneven surfaces
- Corrective braces during sleep or while walking
- Steroidal injections in the heel to relieve pain
- Orthopedic inserts
Preventative Measures for Heel Pain
Flexibility is key when it comes to staving off the pain associated with these heel conditions. The body is designed to work in harmony, so stretching shouldn't be concentrated solely on the foot itself. The sympathetic tendons and muscles that move the foot should also be stretched and gently exercised to ensure the best results for your heel stretches.
Take the time to stretch thighs, calves and ankles to encourage healthy blood flow and relaxed muscle tension that will keep pain to a minimum. If ice is recommended by a doctor, try freezing a half bottle of water and slowly rolling your bare foot back and forth over it for as long as is comfortable. The use of elastic or canvas straps to facilitate stretching of an extended leg can also be helpful when stretching without an assistant handy.
Once cleared by a doctor, a daily regimen of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication like Naproxen Sodium will keep pain at bay and increase flexibility in those afflicted by heel pain. While this medication is not intended to act as a substitute for medical assessments, orthopedics or stretching, it can nonetheless be helpful in keeping discomfort muted enough to enjoy daily life.
When taking any medication for your heel pain, be sure to follow directions regarding food and drink, and ask your pharmacist about possible interactions with existing medications or frequent activities.
What to Expect with Heel Pain
When consulting a doctor about heel pain, a patient can expect to be questioned about their level of pain, how long they've been experiencing it, and which activities aggravate or alleviate the condition. The doctor may order x-rays, a physical therapy regimen, or refer the afflicted individual to an orthopedic specialist for further examination.
The doctor may attempt to recreate conditions that cause the heel pain to flare up in order to study reaction and cause in the patient, but this will be temporary and the doctor will stop this test at the request of the patient. A patient with heel pain may also be fitted with special inserts for their shoes to help correct arch and heel problems that cause pain.
Heel problems can range from the mildly irritating to the nearly devastating, but proper prevention in care will help keep each step pain free. Advanced orthopedics, pain management, and technologically-honed surgical techniques ensure that no patient needs to suffer with the discomfort of heel pain and the restrictions it imposes on an active lifestyle.


Nausea / vomiting of pregnancy (or "morning sickness") Morning sickness is a misnomer as this can occur at any time. It affects about 80% of all pregnant women. The exact causes are unknown although likely mechanisms could include the following: the stomach starts to empty slower, and some pregnant women also become more sensitive to certain smells. This usually starts by about 6-7 weeks, peaks at 10 weeks and resolves by 12 weeks. More severe cases may start earlier and end later, and may be associated with dehydration from repeated vomiting. This is known as "hyperemesis gravidarum".
Treatment includes: 1. Rest - as tiredness makes nausea worse. 2. Regular small amount of fluid intake. Sucking ice cubes made from water or fruit juice may also help. Colder fluids may be easier to tolerate and may help to decrease the metallic taste in the mouth. Try to consume at least 2 litres of fluids daily. 3. Diet: a) Take small frequent (every 1-2 hourly) meals. b) Dry and savoury foods are usually better tolerated than sweet or spicy foods. c) Cold meals may be better tolerated than hot ones. d) Eat whatever you can tolerate. You may find liquid supplements, puddings and protein bars useful. e) Eating and drinking separately may be helpful e.g. eat a small portion of food, wait for 20-30 minutes, then take some fluid 4. Identify triggers e.g. specific smells or situations, and avoid them. Multivitamins that contain iron and calcium may trigger nausea. These can be delayed till the second and third trimesters though it is still important to take the folic acid supplements. 5. Ginger (up to 1 g of fresh ginger root per day for 4 days) or ginger supplements (up to 1 g per day)may help reduce nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. There is very limited data on ginger and ginger supplements though they seem to work in some cases.Potential side effects of ginger include slightly increased risk of bleeding (especially if patient has vaginal bleeding or patient is on aspirin, other NSAIDs and/or low molecular weight heparin), allergy, and may be associated with dizziness, lower blood pressure, reduce blood sugar, irregular heart beat rhythm, diarrhea and heartburn. 6. Acupressure and acupuncture have been used with varying degrees of effectiveness. 7. Antacids treat heartburn and acid reflux which may exacerbate the nausea and vomiting. If still not better, stronger medications may be necessary. 8. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) 25-50 mg every 8 hourly - safety has been confirmed for doses up to 200 mg / day. 9. Medications include metoclopramide 10 mg 3 times a day, Diclectin (up to 4 tablets a day), promethazine 12.5 - 25 mg every 4-6 hourly, dimenhydrinate 50-100 mg every 4-6 hourly (up to 200 mg per day), ondansetron 4-8 mg every 6-8 hourly, prochlorperazine 5-10 mg every 6-8 hourly. 10. When there is dehydration, intravenous (IV) fluid replacement with dextrose saline should be given. In addition, consider IV metoclopramide 5-10 mg every 8 hourly or IV promethazine 12.5-25 mg every 4-6 hourly. Lastly, consider IV methylprednisolone 15-20 mg every 8 hourly up to 24 hours or IV ondansetron 8 mg over 15 minutes every 12 hourly up to 24 hours.
It is believed that the high progesterone level during early pregnancy causes fatigue and tiredness during early pregnancy. Experience with fatigue is variable, and most common during the first trimester, tends to go away during the second trimester and returns in the third trimester.


The Environmental Protection Agency will spend $2.2 billion over five years on the Great Lakes to clean up polluted water and beaches, restore wetlands and fight invasive species such as Asian carp in a revitalization effort.
In 2010 $475 million is budgeted under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Action Plan.
The Initiative builds upon 5 years of work of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force (IATF) and stakeholders, guided by the Great Lakes Regional Collaboration Strategy. The IATF includes 16 cabinet and agency organizations, including: EPA, State, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, HUD, Transportation, Homeland Security, Army, CEQ, and Health and Human Services.
Billing the effort as light on study and heavy on action, environmental leaders say they’re seeking to heal the Great Lakes ecosystem from “150 years of abuse” and to ensure that “fish are safe to eat; the water is safe to drink; the beaches and waters are safe for swimming, surfing, boating and recreating; native species and habitats are protected and thriving; no community suffers disproportionately from the impacts of pollution; and the Great Lakes are a healthy place for people and wildlife to live.”
[Freep.com – Fight back on carp without shutting Chicago locks]


Start studying fugitive slave act 1850 learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The fugitive slave law or fugitive slave act was passed by the united states congress on september 18, 1850, as part of the compromise of 1850 between southern slave-holding interests and northern free-soilers. Fugitive slave act of 1850 section 1 be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the united states of america in congress assembled, that the persons who have been, or may hereafter be, appointed. Fugitive slave act definition a law passed as part of the compromise of 1850, which provided southern slaveholders with legal weapons to capture slaves who had escaped to the free states the law was highly unpopular in the north and helped to convert many previously indifferent northerners to antislavery. The text of the fugitive slave act, which was part of the compromise of 1850 and a step toward the civil war.
Fugitive slave laws, in us history, the federal acts of 1793 and 1850 providing for the return between states of escaped black slaves similar laws existing in both north and so. Online shopping from a great selection at books store. Historian matthew pinsker presents a quick rundown of the 1850 fugitive slave act.
Nullifying the fugitive slave act posted by c4l member april 23, 2012 before the civil war, northern states defied the federal government by refusing to enforce one of the most repugnant laws ever enacted in us history. Background notes this image portrays what life would have been like for blacks in america after the fugitive slave act was passed it shows four blacks being shot by white men as they tried to escape their capture. Fugitive slave laws, in us history, the federal acts of 1793 and 1850 providing for the return between states of escaped black slaves similar laws existing in both north and south in colonial days applied also to white indentured servants and to native american slaves. The fugitive slave law of 1850 made the hunting down of escaped slaves full legal.
Test your knowledge of aspects of the fugitive slave act of 1850 by taking this interactive quiz the printable worksheet can be used to identify. Fugitive slave act made much difference as peter geyl (1961, p 198) asks, were a few hundred fugitive slaves worth the risk of getting enmeshed in a destructive civil war.
The fugitive slave act - the fugitive slave act gave authorities in free and slave states the power to remove fugitive slaves learn more about the fugitive slave act.
Newsela is an instructional content platform that supercharges reading engagement and learning in every subject. Fugitive slave act cancel the fugitive slave act of 1850: the history of the controversial law that sparked the confederacy’s secession and the civil war jul 20. The fugitive slave act of 1850 was an inclusion into the compromise of 1850 in order to appease southern states learn how the act impacted runaway. Find out more about the history of fugitive slave acts, including videos, interesting articles, pictures, historical features and more get all the facts on historycom.Download


Pearls of wisdom
WONDROUS WHISPERS OF WISDOM FROM ANCIENT INDIA: V.K. Subramanian; Abhinav Publications, E-37, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016. Rs. 350.
APART FROM the directives given by sages, seers and saints, the Vedas, the Upanishads, the epics, the Puranas and several sacred texts, have made available for human beings, methods to overcome the hazards in life and help him to distinguish himself as a man of virtue.
Subsequent spiritual leaders have left us a bundle of morals and what must be done and what ought to be eschewed while we undertake our journey through life. These pearls of wisdom are interspersed in various works.
The Mahabharata contains Yaksha Prasna and Vidhura Niti, the Ramayana, a political document in the conversation between Rama and Bharata and the Neeti Satakam by Bhartruhari, a code of conduct.
Carefully picked from Vyasa, Sankaracharya, Bhartruhari, from sources unknown, the author, a former I.A.A.S. officer, a painter, Sanskrit scholar and a translator of many great religious classics of India, now living in the U.S., has given in this volume, several verses from ancient wisdom giving practical guidance for men of all sections.
These indelible profound statements, given in simple English, will serve to show how man should conduct himself to remain free from worldly impacts.
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Latest Drought Data Brings New Water Restrictions for Southern California
There simply isn't enough water to meet the demands of our state, leading to a water shortage emergency declared by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Tuesday, April 26th, 2022. In response, it is implementing a program that will restrict outdoor watering to one day a week in parts of Los Angeles, Ventura and San Bernardino counties.
The latest data collected has shown that Californians have actually been using more water instead of less, over the last two years, despite worsening drought conditions. In addition, according to Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, January, February and March which are usually our wettest months, were the driest on record.
Affecting about 6 million people in Southern California, the latest measures will begin June 1st, 2022. The hope is that this will reduce water usage by 20-30%. If this is not effective enough, outdoor watering might be eliminated completely by September 1st, according to the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.
Here are some informative ways to help conserve water in your garden:
Here are some articles that can help make a difference in your water usage:
Looking to make changes to your residential or commercial landscape? We can help! Contact us today!


Alcohol's effects on the body alcohol use exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood understanding the impact of alcohol on human health. Moderate drinking may help your health but heavy boozing only hurts it here are the pluses and minuses of how alcohol affects your body. If you've ever wondered why men seem to tolerate alcohol better than women or what alcohol does to the body and mind, then tune into this lesson. Effects of alcohol on the human body when you drink alcohol, it’s absorbed into your bloodstream and affects every part of your body this can put your health at. This comprehensive and engaging powerpoint details the effects of alcohol on the human body using barney and homer from the simpsons to make the presentation more. Where there’s smoke: the effects of smoking on the human body (50 view of the organs in the human body and an explanation of how tobacco alcohol or other. Educate pupils about the harmful effects of alcohol on the human body, and get them thinking about the dangers of drinking and driving pupils will complete.
Physiological effects of alcohol consumption most of the time, the concentration of alcohol in the body is too low to do much, if any, damage to cells. The effects of alcohol on the human body name: institution: introduction today, alcohol is one of the most common substances that people abuse it is an addictive. This is your body on booze see how alcohol affects your whole system as it travels through your brain, heart, muscles, and penis by cindy kuzma, photography by. Beyond hangovers understanding alcohol’s impact alcohol affects you understand how alcohol injures the human brain. Alcohol is one of the most dangerous substances on the planet someone dies from alcohol use every ten seconds, and one night of binge drinking can take a.
The effects of drug abuse and addiction can harm the body in a variety of effects of alcohol abuse and it can enter the human body in a number of. Alcohol – the body & health effects health medicine specialist, for preparing the summaries of the health and body effects of alcohol in this resource. Drugs affect every aspect of the human body drug use from head to toe: how drug abuse affects the body march 11 of how drugs and alcohol affect various.
An exercise to increase knowledge about the effects of alcohol on the human body. You may have the same drinking habits, but your body has changed alcohol may act differently in older people than in younger people how alcohol affects safety.
Alcohol and health alcohol and the human body 4 why is there alcohol in the breath you exhale and in breast milk alcohol also affects the pituitary gland. Short- & long-term effects of alcohol - negative side effects on the body - drug-free world. Alcohol’s effect on the mind and body and four accompanying lesson plans that teach middle-school students about how alcohol affects the human body.
Free example of argumentative sample essay effects of alcohol on the human body. This ebook offers middle-school students a better understanding of the effects that drinking alcohol can have on the human body and its systems it is published by. Now that you know how to calculate bac, see how alcohol affects your body at different levels brown university box 1928 andrews house 13 brown street. Use this interactive body to see how alcohol effects different parts of the body.Download How alcohol affects the human body


Biocompatibles is pleased to announce that the Paul Ehrlich Institute, the regulatory agency of the German Ministry of Health, has granted permission for the start of a clinical trial for the treatment of patients immediately following a hemorrhagic stroke. Twenty patients will be treated with CellBeads, a product developed by Biocompatibles subsidiary CellMed, in a Phase I/II trial at the world-renowned International Neuroscience Institute (INI) in Hannover. The trial's primary end-point is safety; and data will be gathered on a number of indicators of efficacy.
Professor Thomas Brinker, the Principal Investigator, commented, "Progress in the development of new treatments for stroke has been painfully slow. The CellBeads technology is novel and the pre-clinical data is positive. We expect to recruit the first patient in the next few weeks.”
Every year approximately 125,000 people in the US and the five leading European countries suffer a hemorrhagic stroke and fewer than 40% live for more than 1 year, the lowest survival rate of any form of stroke. Only 20% of these survivors regain functional independence. The cascade of events starts with the sudden rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, causing hemorrhage and pressure inside the skull. Surgery is routinely used to relieve the pressure; but the hemorrhage causes a longer-term process of programmed cell death, orapoptosis, and it is this that causes the lasting neurological damage.
The CellBeads will be delivered directly to the injury site during the surgery. They are programmed to deliver CM1, a proprietary version of a naturally occurring protein, GLP-1, which has been shown to have powerful anti-apoptotic effects. The delivery mechanism is a cluster of adult stem cells encapsulated in alginate beads. The cells are programmed to produce the protein, which is delivered continuously, directly to the injury site. The alginate beads protect the stem cells from the body's immune system, which would otherwise destroy the foreign cells.
Products designed for the treatment of stroke have up until now been confounded by poor blood-brain permeability and half-lives measured in minutes. Professor Madjid Samii, Founder and President of the INI, commented, "I am very proud of INI's involvement with this exciting program. INI's unique focus on neuroscience has allowed us to play an active role in both the basic science and in clinical development."
Crispin Simon, Chief Executive of Biocompatibles, commented: "The CellBeads effectively create a local micro-factory, and I congratulate the CellMed-INI team on satisfying the regulators that such a radical approach is now ready for clinical evaluation. Stem cell science rightly attracts a lot of public interest and many different business models are emerging - including standardized products like ours, modifications of a patient's own cells, cord blood storage, and dedicated treatment clinics. The fundamental challenge for all these models is to show that the technology is safe and effective. That requires solid data from solid trials and is why today's announcement is so important for us."
Illustration: Intracerebral and intraventriclar hemorrhage. –Wikipedia.


Large surveys of emission from the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule and other molecules show that evolved stars are losing mass in the form of stellar winds at relatively low outflow speeds. The current observations suggest that, roughly speaking, the winds are isotropic (equal in all directions) and that the mass loss rates and outflow velocities are constant with time. Observations of very large numbers of stars will be required, perhaps of thousands, in order to achieve a model that will allow to draw conclusions of the evolution in question, through physical and chemical parameters.
Winds from cool evolved stars are probably the dominant source of refractory dust grains in the interstellar medium. They are the star-stuff from which we and our planet were formed. The grains manifest themselves through thermal emission extending from the far infrared through millimeter -wavelengths. ALMA is able to analyze the chemical composition of these stars and of the ejected material.


Text Converter 1.0 is a useful little program for encoding and converting text to various formats. This is useful for sending coded messages to your friends, solving puzzles involving such messages, and more practical things such as decoding a Base64-encoded string found in a URL.
Text Converter supports the following back-and-forth conversions: binary, decimal, hex, octal, Base64, ROT13, ASCII bitwise NOT
SUPPORT STATUS: This program is actively supported. You are encouraged to send suggestions and bug reports to the developer.
How to use
As seen in the screenshot above, Text Converter contains two text boxes. The left one is for the source text, and the right one is for the destination text. When you click "Convert", the text in the left box is converted from the source format to the destination format, both of which are selectable via the dropdown box above each text area.
The "Swap" button will swap the contents of the left and right text boxes, and the "C" button beneath each one will clear its contents.
Encoding and decoding
A very important step in using Text Converter is determining the source format.
If you want to encode the string
"This is so cool", which
is in plain text, into binary, you must set the "Source format" dropdown to
"Plain text" and the "Convert to" dropdown to "Binary". If,
on the other hand, you receive the string
"48 65 6c 6c 6f"
and would like to decode it back into plain text, you must choose "Hex" from the
"Source format" dropdown (assuming you know that the string is encoded in hex –
otherwise, you will need to determine the appropriate value by trial and error),
and "Plain text" for the "Convert to" dropdown.
Advanced encoding options
As can be inferred from its name, Text Converter is designed to convert text
from one format to another. The purpose of the source and destination format settings
is to allow you to convert from, say, Base64 to octal in one step. Keep this in
mind when attempting to convert the Base64
"Tm9va2tpbi5jb20=" into binary.
If you set the source format of the string
"Plain text", Text Converter will treat it as such. Thus, upon decoding the binary
string to plain text, you will get the Base64-encoded string as opposed to the source
string. This is a useful encryption technique (multiple levels of encryption), but
this feature is often seen as a bug.
For some conversions, such as binary, octal, and hex, you can specify the format
of the resulting string. The strings
"61 77 65 73 6f 6d 65",
"%61%77%65%73%6f%6d%65" are identical
in meaning but differ in the padding of characters. Note that you need not specify
this option for the source string, since any padding characters are automatically
stripped by Text Converter.
A note about ROT13 and NOT
The ROT13 and NOT algorithms, by design, are reversed by applying the same formula to the encoded text. For this reason, you will get the same result if you are converting ROT13 to plain text and NOT to plain text (and vice versa). However, as mentioned above, you can still take advantage of the "Source format" option when converting NOT to binary, for example.
Also, the NOT algorithm is not to be trusted in most cases, unless it is encoded (as plain text) into another format immediately. Since it simply inverts the bits in each letter's ASCII value, some letters may turn into non-printable characters. The character ÿ will be transformed into a NUL byte, which may cause the text to cut off after that point due to the design of null-terminated strings.
The "To Lower" and "To Upper" buttons below the right textbox can be used for changing case. This is purely for aesthetic reasons, and is only useful for changing the appearance of the alphabetic portion of hex characters. Note that this will also serve the purpose of converting plain text to upper and lower case, although you must use caution because it is impossible to recover the original casing of the text.
You are allowed to use Text Converter with virtually no restrictions. However, you may NOT use this software as part of your own projects or compilations without permission from the developer.


Leather Jacket or European Crane Fly
The adult European crane fly has very long legs and looks like a large mosquito with a body about one inch long, not including the legs. Homeowners are alarmed when thousands of these large flies gather on the sides of homes. The crane fly does not bite or sting.
The larvae is a maggot called a Leatherjacket, and is light gray to grayish, greenish brown, with irregular black specks of various sizes. The head is small and the anal area has six tapering lobes, giving it a unique appearance that makes it easy to identify.
Adult crane flies emerge from soil of lawns, pastures, and other grass areas from late August to mid-September. The females mate and lay eggs in the grass within 24 hours after emerging. These eggs hatch into small, gray-brown, wormlike larvae, which develop a tough skin; they are commonly called "leatherjackets." The leatherjackets feed on the root crowns of the grass during the fall. Leatherjackets overwinter in the larval stage. As the weather warms in the spring, they continue to feed. Damage by their feeding may become especially noticeable in during the early spring months. During the day, leatherjackets mostly stay underground, but on damp, warm nights they come to the surface to feed on the aboveground parts of many plants. Leatherjacket feeding stops around mid-May.
Leatherjackets go into a nonfeeding stage just below the soil surface during July and August. From late August through September pupae wriggle to the surface and the adult crane flies emerge.
European crane fly larvae feed on the roots of grasses. Usually very little damage is done as plants have a remarkable ability to compensate from minor root damage. However, when populations are high (estimated to be about 25-30 larvae per square foot) damage to turf areas can be extensive.
They feed during the fall and into the spring of the following year. They stop feeding in May. Damage generally starts to be noticeable during the spring, caused by feeding that occurred the previous fall and winter. Damage can also occur when birds scratch at the lawn surface attracted to larvae.
Allow the surface of the lawn to dry out. The newly laid eggs of European crane fly are extremely sensitive to drought. If the surface of lawn is allowed to dry out thoroughly, the newly laid eggs will collapse due to dehydration. When the adult European crane fly are flying around they are laying eggs, so stop watering the lawn and allow the top 2-3 cm of soil to dry out.
Beneficial nematodes can be used as a preventative means of managing the European crane fly larvae. The nematodes must be applied shortly after the eggs have hatched and the larvae are small and immature. The opportunity for effective use of beneficial nematodes on European crane fly is generally in September and early October.
Integrated Pest Management with Pest Controls
When the European crane fly larvae populations become extreme and immediate action is required, a pest control can be applied. Rather than apply pest controls in a preventative approach in the fall, we recommend waiting until the following spring and monitoring the lawns for damage. The reason we recommend waiting until the spring is because the winter weather often reduces the population to levels that do not cause turf damage.
If you suspect that you have a European crane fly problem, but are unsure, contact your local Nutri-Lawn and we'll come out and take a look for you.


Nosebleed or, in medical jargon, epistaxis: it can happen at all ages, but especially in childhood, especially between two and ten years. In the vast majority of cases it is a absolutely benign event, which leaves no consequence. Only in rare cases can it depend on more serious conditions, such as a trauma to the nose or face, the insertion of a foreign body in the nose, a coagulation disease.
Read also: Head trauma, what to do if the baby hits his head
In this article
- Nosebleed, when it occurs
- Nosebleed, remedies
- The closure of the capillary
- Epistaxis, prevention
- If it happens often
When it occurs
"The epistaxis is usually due to a major fragility of the nasal mucous membranes, on which many small superficial capillaries flow which, if stressed, can break "he explains Arthur Sorbo, otolaryngologist at the large metropolitan hospital of Reggio Calabria. "It can occur if you blow your nose more vigorously, or because of the habit that children often have of picking the nose or for other small traumatic events that can involve the area anterior to the nasal septum" says the specialist.
"Then there are some factors that can promote nosebleeds: in winter, for example, staying in hot and dry environments it dries the mucous membranes and dilates the capillaries, increasing the risk of rupture. Ditto in summer, when exposure to the sun accentuates vasodilation. For those suffering from allergic rhinitis, however, a season at risk is spring, since the mucous membranes are subjected to irritative stimuli and one is prone to sneeze or blow the nose more frequently ".
Of course, colds also increase the risk of nosebleeds.
What to do in case of a nosebleed? "First of all keep calm and reassure the child"suggests the otorino:" If you shake, in fact, it does nothing but increase the pressure in the nose, accentuating the outflow of blood ".
Then: make the child lean forward slightly to clear the airways and immediately after keep the nostrils pressed between the index finger and thumb for a few minutes. The pressure creates a vasospasm which causes the bleeding to stop.
According to the website HealthyChildren, of the American Association of Pediatricians, the pressure should be exerted for about ten minutes: during this period it is better not to check if the nose has stopped bleeding, because you risk restarting a flow that was stopping. If after ten minutes the epistaxis has not stopped, the pressure should be repeated for another 10 minutes. If it persists even after this time, contact the pediatrician.
Even rinsing the nose with cold water or bringing an ice cube wrapped in a handkerchief to the nostril - advises the specialist - can help stop the bleeding or reduce the risk of it recurring after it has stopped.
The closure of the capillary
If the problem is a capillary that struggles to heal and causes repeated bleeding, it can be permanently closed with the caustication. "In the pediatric age, the most used technique is touching with a hemostatic 'pencil' of silver nitrate" Sorbo points out. "It is an absolutely painless practice, which is done on an outpatient basis and lasts a few minutes".
If the problem is the dryness of the rooms, in winter, it is advisable to use a humidifier, especially in the bedroom. Nasal washes with saline solution could also be useful in children particularly prone to the phenomenon, to keep the nasal cavities moist and clean.
As also recommended by the website of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital of the city, as a prevention in critical periods you can take - obviously under medical supervision, avoid doing it yourself! - products based on vitamin C or K or apply one special ointment to strengthen the capillary wall. "There are, for example, arnica, which has a restorative and restorative action, and blueberry, which has a capillary protective action" advises Sorbo.
After bleeding, to prevent the phenomenon from happening again, it is better to ask the child to do not blow your nose vigorously and don't pick your nose (in any case, it is a good idea to always keep the child's nails short and clean). Better to avoid too very intense efforts.
What not to do
Best to avoid tilt your head back, because in this way the child swallows or inhales the blood and this can cause breathing difficulties and cause him to cough or vomit, increasing the bleeding.
Better to avoid the hemostatic cotton, because it has a damaging action on the nasal mucosa. In general, it is preferable not to insert anything into the nostril that is bleeding, but in some cases the doctor may recommend the use of a cloth soaked in an anti-bleeding solution to buy at the pharmacy.
If it happens often
If the nosebleed occurs very frequently, it is advisable to contact the pediatrician, who will prescribe some haematological tests to rule out that there are problems with cblood clotting. But it is a small minority of cases: in general it is only a local phenomenon, which does not cause any concern.
Other sources for this article: information page of the English Health Service; MedScape information materialRead also: Hemophilia, everything you need to know
Questions and answers
What is the cause of the epistaxis?
Epistaxis is generally due to a greater fragility of the nasal mucosa, on which many small superficial capillaries flow which, if stressed, can break.
What to do if the child loses a nosebleed?
First of all, keep calm and reassure the child. Then have the child lean forward slightly to clear the airways and immediately afterwards keep the nostrils pressed between the index finger and thumb for a few minutes.
What to do if the child always loses a nosebleed?
If the epistaxis occurs very frequently, it is advisable to contact the pediatrician, who will prescribe hematological tests. In general, this is just a phenomenon that does not cause any concern.
- rhinitis allergy
- allergies children
- 3-5 children years


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Students need to learn how to manage their time independently. Learning is not enough without doing. It will be great when parents help them to practice since they are young. Parents can help them writing until they are ready to be independent. This Student Planner 2018 – 2019 with dates will help both parents and students to practice the time management skills.
What is included in Student Planner 2018 – 2019 with dates
Student Planner 2018 – 2019 includes:
- Calendar for 2018 – s019
- All about me page
- Birthday list for 12 months in a year
- a Timetable
- Score lists of the student with the average for several subjects
- Student’s reading list with the title, authors, reading dates, and rates of the books
- A year at a glance for 2018 and 2019 to get the big picture of the years in moths
- July 2018 – 2019 Monthly student planner with dates
- July 2018 – 2019 Weekly student planner with dates.
Each week will have:
1. Some space to write goals of the week
2. A to-do list
3. Notes of the week
Each day will have:
- A set of list where students need to write the lessons planned to cover in the days. When they are finished, the student can put a tick mark on the list
- A short list of extra activities student plan to cover at the days
- A couple list of books for the student to trace the reading
- A set of daily must-do list or notes
Use this Student Planner 2018 – 2019 with dates to help students learning how to manage time.


Question: Name the pastoralists in India and mention where they lived?
Answer: There were seven major pastoralist communities in India. They were:
- The Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir
- The Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh
- The Gujjar cattle herders of Garhwal and Kumaon
- Dhangars of Maharashtra
- The Gollas, Kurumas and Kurubas of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
- The Banjaras of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh & Maharashtra
- The Raika of the Rajasthan desserts
Question: Trace the movement of the Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir.
Answer: The Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir reared goats and sheep. They lived with their herds on the low hills of the Siwalik range.
In winter, when the mountains were covered with snow they moved on to the valleys of Kashmir. Several families moved together in a Kafila. The crossed the Pir Panjal passes of the mountains and entered the valley.
In summer when the snow melts, the Bakarwals return to the mountains which are now covered with lush green grasslands.
Question: Name the two groups in the Raikas of the Rajasthan deserts.
Answer: The Raikas of the Rajasthan desserts can be classified into two groups according to the animals they reared. The Marus Raikas reared camels while the Raikas reared sheep and goats.
Question: What were the activities that the Raikas were involved in?
Answer: The Raikas combined a range of different activities – cultivation, trade and herding – to make their living .
During the monsoons, the Raikas of Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Bikaner stayed in their villages and cultivated crops. They traded with the local farmers to get their requirement. They also had to maintain good relations with the local farmers so that the farmers would let their cattle graze in harvested fields.
The Raikas had to be good in predicting the weather so that they would be able to move about safely. They had to be experts in sporting natural resources water and pasture.
Question: Write a note on the Dhangars of Maharashtra.
Answer: Dhangars were an important pastoral community in Maharashtra. In the early twentieth century their population was estimated to be 467,000. The Dhangras were mainly shepherds. Some of them were blanket weavers, while a few reared buffaloes.
The Dhangars stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoons. The central plateau had very low rain fall and was very dry. It was covered with only thorny shrubs. As the soil was poor only dry crops like bajra could be grown there.
During monsoon the picture was entirely different. The area became a vast grazing ground for the Dhangar flocks. The Dhangars harvested their bajra by October every year and then moved westward.
The Dhangars reached Konkan in the month of March, annually. Konkan was a flourishing agricultural land with high rainfall and rich soil. The pastoralists were welcomed by Konkani peasants. The Konkani peasants also gave supplies of rice to the Dhangars , who took it back to the plateaus, where grain was scarce.
As the monsoons set, the Dhangars left the Konkan and the coastal areas with their flocks and returned to their settlements on the dry plateau as their sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
Constant movement was the way of life of the pastoralists.


Severe and prolonged financial hardship can cause adults' marriages and parenting skills to deteriorate, which in turn harms their children's mental health--even if the family is wealthy or lives in a country with generous economic welfare programs, according to a recent study in APA's Developmental Psychology (Vol. 40, No. 3).
When Finland's economy plummeted into a four-year depression during the early 1990s, Tytti Solantaus, MD, of the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health in Helsinki, and her colleagues collected financial and mental health data on 527 Finnish families--each consisting of a married couple and their 12-year-old child--already participating in an ongoing longitudinal study that was testing the children's mental health before the economy nosedived. Parents completed nearly 15 different psychological questionnaires about family situations, including fluctuation in income, employment history, spending on children, child-rearing practices, marital relations and their child's mental health. The children also rated their own mental health using a 112-item questionnaire.
Researchers analyzed the questionnaire results using the family economic stress model (FESM), a mathematical tool used in similar studies in the United States to evaluate the strength of correlations. Specifically, the FESM measures the extent to which economic hardship is both directly and obliquely responsible for causing a child's mental health problems. In the United States, the model has found that economic problems indirectly hurt children by causing parental pressures. Solantaus hypothesized that her data would not match the version of FESM seen in American studies because the two country's economies and social support programs are very different.
Yet the data fit the FESM. Despite Finland's greater support systems, reports of unemployment and budget cutbacks correlated with spousal hostility and lack of support. These problems mirrored a sharp rise in adolescent depression, aggression and disobedience from their pre-recession levels. Remarkably, better socioeconomic status was irrelevant: Wealthier families showed the same problems during the depression.
The replication of FESM supports the model's initial cross-cultural reliability, Solantaus says. "Even in this population, where social classes aren't that far apart, the finding that a change in family economy would produce such a change in child mental health is very important clinically," she says.
Solantaus adds that clear communication may be a family's best defense against discord during tough times. "Parents should talk about financial problems with their children and lay out what is happening in the family," she says. "That would ease the situation and help children understand what's going on."
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The strong rumour is that Intel is currently working on a machine which could well be used by NASA - just as for instance - that teams together eight CPUs, each at eight GHz and all in the same big big chassis.
How are they doing this? Well, encouraged by top silicon spins, the sources suggest that they can just about manage to clock Pentium 4s to 8GHz, and manage that by immersing the MIPS monster by bathing it in the very coldest liquid nitrogen they can pour out of their taps.
The suggestion is that such a machine could be used, for example, in a ground control system for NASA's X31 spaceship.
Current Intel roadmaps are projecting speeds of 3.40GHz on Pentium 4 90 nanometer "Prescotts" by this time next year.
We'll have more on this if we get more on this... µ
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3 July 2023
With our third research plan now underway, the hub has a critical mass of active research projects that will deliver impactful outcomes for Australia’s landscapes and biodiversity.
Our latest research plan – developed in collaboration with research users and other co-contributors – is informed by the objectives, targets, priority species and priority places of the Australian Government’s Threatened species action plan 2022–2032. Projects in this plan will also support major new on-ground initiatives focused on grassy weed management, urban river and catchment restoration, and the expansion of the Indigenous ranger program.
Our new projects are:
The Victorian grassland earless dragon was recently rediscovered after more than 50 years. A new hub project is training detection dogs to find them. Photo: Peter Robertson, Wildlife Profiles Pty Ltd.
Want to know more about the Resilient Landscapes Hub's activities and our research into practical solutions to environmental problems? Stay informed about activities, research, publications, events and more through the Hub newsletter.


by Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat
All the world's religions have a spirituality, and it is also a common impulse among people who do not affiliate with any religion. A useful image was offered by Bede Griffiths, a Christian who spent most of his life in India. During a video interview made shortly before his death in 1993, Griffiths spread out his hand. The religions are like the separate fingers, he said, and are quite distinct from each other. For example, they have different revered teachers, sacred texts, dogmas, and rituals. But, Griffiths continued, if you trace each finger to its source, the palm of the hand, you see that the religions all come together in their depths. Thirteenth-century German mystic Meister Eckhart put it another way, calling God an underground river of wisdom with many wells tapping into it. That river is spirituality.
That is one answer. There are actually numerous definitions of spirituality. Jungian therapist Jeremiah Abrams defines spirituality as a "holy longing, a yearning to know the meaning of our lives, to have a connection with the transpersonal."
Two simple but profound definitions of spirituality are offered by Alan Jones, former dean of Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, who regards spirituality as "the art of making connections," and by Jewish scholar David Ariel, who calls it "heart knowledge."
Catholic educator Regina Coll suggests that spirituality is an "awareness of the 'more than meets the eye' in our daily lives...it refers to our hopes and dreams, our patterns of thought, our emotions, feelings, and behaviors." Gerald May, a psychiatrist and director of spiritual guidance, seconds that view, linking the term to "our deepest values and desires, the very core of our being."
Many define spirituality as a way of being in the world. According to Catholic Bishop Pedro Casaldaliga, poet of the Amazon Indians, "spirituality is a measure of our humanity -- personal depth, conscience, deep will." Another Catholic, Sister Joan Puls, locates it "in our human responses to the brokenness of our world, the threats to our planet home, the crisis points in our own lives, and the pleas and plight of human beings around us." Latin American liberation theologian Leonardo Boff calls spirituality "that attitude which puts life at the center, and defends and promotes life against all the mechanisms of death, desiccation, or stagnation."
The journey toward wholeness is a common motif in some definitions of spirituality. Psychotherapist Molly Young Brown writes: "When we expand our awareness, strengthen our center, clarify our purpose, transform our inner demons, develop our will and make conscious choices, we are moving toward deeper connection with our spiritual self." Marsha Sinetar, who has written extensively about self-actualization, notes that "everyone is spiritual to one degree or another, although many people don't admit it."
Many definitions, subtle differences in emphasis. All of them allow for spirituality to be an everyday adventure that can touch more and more areas of our lives. In his book The Music of Silence, Brother David Steindl-Rast, a Benedictine monk, gave one of the clearest explanations we have encountered:
"Sometimes people get the mistaken notion that spirituality is a separate department of life, the penthouse of our existence. But rightly understood, it is a vital awareness that pervades all realms of our being. Someone will say, 'I come alive when I listen to music,' or 'I come to life when I garden,' or 'I come alive when I play golf.'" Wherever we come alive, that is the area in which we are spiritual. And then we can say, 'I know at least how one is spiritual in that area.' To be vital, awake, aware, in all areas of our lives, is the task that is never accomplished, but it remains the goal."


13 Aug Understanding (and Pronouncing) the Indigenous Grapes of Greece
Greece has a 4000 year history of winemaking, but only 40 years of modern winemaking, making it a New Old World wine region. With Greek winemakers today being educated in Bordeaux and at UC Davis, the quality of Greek wine has improved vastly and people are starting to take notice. But, one of the biggest challenges is understanding (and pronouncing) the indigenous grapes of the area.
There are over 500 wine producers in Greece, mostly family-owned and with small holdings. There is no mechanical farming, everything is done by hand. Wines are produced by organically grown grapes. Grapes are grown throughout the entire country and 28 regions have attained Protected Designation Origin (PDO), the Greek equivalent to the DOC in Italy and the AOC in France.
At a recent seminar, we tasted six wines from six regions in Greece, beginning to understand the grapes and what region of the country they are from.
PDO Robola of Cephalonia
Robola is a dry white wine from the Island of Cephalonia in the Ionian Sea. Similar in style to Sancerre from France, Ribola has a crisp leanness with notes of lemon and bright acidity and minerality.
Moschofilero is a white wine from Mantinia/Peloponnese, located at the southernmost tip of mainland Greece, near the Ionian Islands. Moschofilero has similar aromas to Gewurztraminer and Muscat but is served dry (no residual sugar). There are rich aromas of roses and citrus fruits and on the palate it is bright, crisp and fresh. Due to the pink skins of the grapes, the wine will have pink tones to it, but it is not a rosé.
Malagousia is a white wine from Epanomi/Macedonia in Northern Greece. With soils that consist of shist over limestone, the resulting wine has a high zing with complexity. Similar to Muscat and Pinot Blanc, the wine has aromas of apricot and lime
Assyrtiko is grown in Santorini, which is shaped by a volcano, the caldera and the Aegean Sea. The volcanic soil means that the viscous insect phylloxera could not survive, so the original vines date back hundreds of years. It is very windy on the island and the trees are bent over and gnarly so the winemakers create baskets with the vines and the grapes grown underneath, hidden from the wind. The resulting wine from Assyrtiko has floral and citrus note and salinity in the finish.
Agiorgitiko comes from from Nemea/Peloponese in the South of Greece. This grape produces a deep color, concentrated wine with aromas of tomato leaves and red fruits. This grape is also used to make dessert wine, as well as rosés.
Xinomavro is from Naoussa in Northern Greece. It is the only grape grown in Naoussa. Similar to Nebbiolo, Xinomavro has notes of asphalt, licorice, lavender, dried flowers and light red fruits. On the palate, the tannins and acids are balanced and the wine is elegant with good structure.
There are many more indigenous wines of Greece to learn about. Hope to taste more soon!


After last week’s stroll through the village of Agios Ioannis I thought we'd walk down the road for a bit and then cut across into the valley below where there’s an old olive press that I’ve long wanted to prowl around. But first, here growing wild at the side of the road is a magnificent straggling clematis climbing the rocks.
|The Buttercup family - Ranunculaceae|
Obviously, like anemones and delphiniums, it’s a type of buttercup. No, I haven’t finally taken leave of my senses they are all part of the Buttercup family, the Ranunculaceae. But how can such wildly different looking plants all be closely related? It all comes down to plant systematics, the biological classification of plants. A couple of hundred years before Christ was born, a wandering Greek philosopher called Theophrastus started us off by grouping plants loosely into trees, shrubs and herbs. Another Greek, Dioscorides who was a medic in the Roman army, refined this a few hundred years later when he classified over five hundred plants according to their medicinal properties and this became the standard reference work right up until the sixteenth century. Classifying plants by their similarities in structure then took over culminating in Linnaeus publishing his Species Plantarum in 1753 (he dwelt on their sexual organ arrangements but then, he didn’t get out much). Darwin’s publication On the Origin of Species in 1859 pushed us towards classifying plants based upon their evolutionary relationships and nowadays we use DNA analysis to refine that concept in the science of cladistics (see Taxing Taxonomy and Confusing Cladistics) and that’s why clematis is a type of buttercup – they share a common ancestry.
|St. Antony and Balkan Green Lizard, Lacerta trilineata|
This little old church here, which was built into the rock about 120 years ago, is dedicated to St. Antony of the desert. I think that we could do no better than adopt him for our journey as he was a great one for going off into the wilderness which is what we’re about to do. He lived variously in a tomb, an abandoned Roman fort and at an oasis, fought demons in caves and had encounters with satyrs and centaurs. Which rather goes to prove that living on your own for too long isn’t necessarily a healthy option. However I expect he had the odd lizard for company which is maybe why this little Balkan Green lizard is basking outside his church. We're going to cut down left by those pines.
|Painted Lady, Vanessa cardui and Willow Warblers, Phylloscopus trochilus|
This is our wilderness and it used to be a garden by the looks of that remnant of a grape trellis. I see that the Painted Ladies are still with us (I believe that St. Antony was tempted by visions of those as well but not the butterfly variety) and dancing around the ground in amongst the foliage are a couple of Willow Warblers. These are winter visitors and rather similar to chiffchaffs but you can tell the difference by their little pinkish legs; the chiffchaffs are brown/black. Their call is slightly different too and if we stand still under the trellis and call to them they’ll probably call back. It’s a sort of low who-whit whistle (as opposed to the chiffchaffs which is simply whit). Are you ready? Right, whistle. who-whit. There, they’re answering you.
The garden isn’t as abandoned as it first seemed. This small citrus-cum-olive grove appears to be well tended. I wonder what delights it holds in store for us? I’ve found our first mushroom of the season. Here, growing in the roots of this olive tree. I think that it may be a False Chanterelle. The reason I say ‘I think’ is that it’s not easy to tell a False Chanterelle, which at best is inedible and at worst mildly poisonous, from a true Chanterelle which is delicious. An experienced forager may tell you that the edible one has an apricot smell – not helpful if you’re slightly anosmic like me - and a mycologist will tell you that the true Chanterelle has primitive gills which is great if you’re an expert on gill structures. Add to this that the poisonous Jack O’lantern looks pretty much the same as both of them and grows in the same type of habitat and you have a recipe for disaster; quite literally if you’re thinking of cooking them. This specimen is also rather old so we’ll have to leave it with a question mark as to what it is.
|Mud Dauber wasp nest Sceliphron genus|
Finally we’ve reached the old olive press. It’s rather overgrown with newly emerging giant fennel but I think that we can get in and poke about. Beware of falling masonry. These are out of the ordinary, look up here in the corner. These are the nests of Mud Dauber Wasps and this is the mud that they’ve daubed to create their nurseries. Each cell will hold one larva which will be provisioned, quite often with one of those Cellar Spiders that we found last week. We’ve met these wasps before of course (see Only Connect...A Quiz ) but the nests themselves are interesting. In Hoodoo magic (not Voodoo) which is practised in the American deep south these nests are collected, powdered down and mixed with other ingredients and used in a variety of spells. Most of these seem to have to do with keeping people coming back be they errant husbands or business customers.
Well, there’s a nice bit of magic to finish the day. The next part of journey seems to take us through the olive groves that once supplied this press and after that I suspect that we’ll be back in the wilderness. See you next week.
The Extra Bit
Here’s a fascinating article on the use of mud dauber nests in Hoodoo magic: A Multipurpose Zoological Curio …
…and another on Chanterelles: How to tell a real Chanterelle
It is that time of year when we’re all celebrating some sort of winter festival so whether yours is Christmas, the Winter Solstice, Hanukkah, Pancha Ganapati or one of your own devising may I wish you a very happy one. Merry Whatever, love Steve x.
Naturalists (the facebook page that accompanies this blog)
See detailed pictures at http://www.inaturalist.org/login (search - people-stevedaniels-observations)


Capstone Project (Open Access)
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)
For this Capstone Project, the researchers investigated how monolingual teachers view the support and resources they received to teach English Language Learners (ELL) and what they thought could be done to improve their teaching effectiveness. An evidence based argument is offered that monolingual teachers were not being provided with effective support and resources. More specifically, three themes emerged from an analysis of the data obtained from interviews of monolingual teachers and administrators. Based on the emergent themes, an action was undertaken to help monolingual teachers better address the needs of ELLs. This is an important issue for monolingual teachers because the research provided options that the district could implement in order to increase their ability to successfully work with ELLs.
Correa, Natalie, "No Habla Español: Are Monolingual Teachers Getting the Support They Need?" (2019). Capstone Projects and Master's Theses. 694.
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Writer's Choice: Grammar and Composition, Grade 10 is an integrated language arts program that keeps pace with the current trends in the teaching of writing and related communication skills. Features in both the Student and Teacher Editions build on a solid foundation of instruction including easy-to-understand explanations, clear-cut definitions, real-world examples, and skill-based assessment. The visuals and graphics throughout the textbook engage students' attention and illustrate key concepts and processes. Writer's Choice provides you and your students with the tools for developing skills in writing, reading, researching, speaking, listening, critical thinking, and viewing and representing.
Page Count: 1016
Dimension: 8.2 x 10.3 IN


Ever wonder what happens in the Fall to make tree leaves turn the brilliant colors -- red, yellow, and gold? There are several processes that take place to produce these colorful changes.
Chlorophyll is the pigment that gives leaves their green color. It serves as a photo receptor, or light receiver, for the tree. Each molecule of chlorophyll contains four atoms of nitrogen. Because the tree cannot afford to lose this important element, the nitrogen is moved to the tree's twigs in the fall when the chlorophyll is broken down.
Inside the leaf -
The pigments that give leaves their gree, yellow and red colors are found in elpngated cells called palisade cells. In the fall, chlorophyll is broken down and nutrients are moved into the tree through the veins in the leaves. This allows the yellow and red pigments to show through.
When autumn leaves start to fall the tree moves nitrogen and starches from the broken-down chlorophyll into the tree, exposing the other colors. The tree then begins a process that removes the leaf. It begins by adjusting its hormone ethylene, which allows cells at the base of the leaf to pull apart. The spent leaf then falls to the ground. Replacing leaves each spring allows the tree to replace damaged leaves with a new set of " light receivers."
The red colors in leaves are created by anthocyanin. Some trees have no anthocyanin and turn bright yellow in autumn. Yellow leaves get their color through pigments called carotenoids.
Don't forget the roots -
As photosynthesis slows in the reduced light and heat of autumn, leaf pores contract and less water vapor escapes ino the air. As the ground gradually cools, roots keep absorbing moisture until the soil temperature reaches 40 degrees. Because the release of water through the top growth has slowed, there's a good supply of moisture in the system. This makes fall an ideal time for planting conifers, since there's little danger of transplanting's major cause of failure: desiccation.
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RAW Fulvic Acid: 100% Water Soluble Fulvic Acid
RAW Full Up (uptake) is water Soluble and contains 10% soluble Humic Acids which are derived from Peat. The amber colour of RAW Full Up reflects this particular form of Humic Acid. Use RAW Full Up in conjunction with all nutrients and supplements for optimal Uptake throughout all stages of Growth and Bloom. It is a beneficial supplement to all feeding schedules. Its also ideal for adding to foliar sprays and for creating optimal recipe solutions. Works in conjunction with all nutrient and feeding programs.
SOD protects the cell walls, allowing better uptake of water and nutrients. SOD also protects the chloroplast and mitochondrial membranes, allowing better utilization of light from photosynthesis and better energy production from cellular metabolism. The extra levels of SOD and other antioxidants stimulated by the seaweed/humic acid combination conditions the plant to quickly recover and remain growing under sub-optimal conditions.
Improves Availability of Essential Trace Elements
Many enzymes are activated by metal ions called co-factors. Hundreds of cellular enzymes remain inactive unless turned on by these inorganic cofactors. For example, superoxide dismutase needs metallic cofactors in order to actively protect the plant, either an iron/manganese complex or a copper/zinc complex. Many other crucial chemical reactions are activated by metallic cofactors, without which the plant would weaken or die. The chelating effects of humic and fulvic acids greatly improve the availability of these essential trace elements when they are needed most.
More than 60 trace elements Identified in Humic Acid and Seaweed Extracts
Both seaweed extracts and humic acids contribute many beneficial trace elements to the plant. More than 60 trace elements have been identified in humic acid and seaweed extracts, along with the chelating agents that make them readily available to the plant. “Beneficial” trace elements found in humic acid/seaweed, though not essential for plant growth, have positive effects on plant growth and vigour, and help the plant attain its full genetic potential. For example, silicon is not an essential element, but it helps strengthen leaf cells against fungal attack and improves the permeability of root cells to water and minerals. The judicious use of humic and fulvic acids may contribute to the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables, both directly through the addition of beneficial trace elements, and indirectly by improving the plant’s ability to take up and utilise both essential and beneficial elements.
Directions for Use
Add 1/8 to 1/4 tsp. per gallon in reservoir for irrigation. Apply as needed.