By Dr. Leslie Mudd, PharmD
Many people with high blood pressure wonder if CBD can help. They want to know: Does CBD help with high blood pressure? Can I take CBD oil if I have high blood pressure? What are the side effects of using CBD while using other medications? Will CBD oil improve my blood flow? Will CBD improve my heart rate?
We hope to answer these questions in this post. By reading, you will become better informed before taking your CBD.
What is High Blood Pressure?
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, comes from the prolonged elevation of pressure in the blood vessels. It’s a chronic medical condition that can lead to stroke, dementia, heart disease, kidney disease, and other complications. A number of factors can cause hypertension. Genetics and lifestyle choices could cause high blood pressure. Also, other problems like kidney disease or thyroid disease could lead to hypertension.
Therapy for hypertension can lower blood pressure to a safe range to prevent cardiovascular damage, stroke, kidney damage, etc. But therapy for hypertension is not without risks. Adverse effects from blood pressure medicines can include fatigue, low potassium, dizziness, metabolic changes, and lipid changes.
Simple interventions to improve cardiovascular health include weight loss, lower salt intake, exercise, stress reduction, etc. Medication might be necessary. Changing your diet to include certain plants can also help the treatment of high blood pressure.
Studies show that garlic can reduce systolic blood pressure. The leaf extract of the custard apple has been used to treat peripheral vascular resistance, which results in lowered blood pressure. Humans have used coffee weed, breadfruit, celery, and hibiscus have been used through the ages for their health benefits to help lower blood pressure and improve blood flow. Science demonstrates that these plants do in fact have some activity against hypertension.
What is CBD?
Cannabidiol, CBD, is a phytocannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. CBD may have real value in treating diseases and lifestyle conditions. CBD oil is made from hemp extract. Recent research focuses on the therapeutic properties of CBD oil. That research will evaluate the effectiveness of the anecdotal evidence that people use CBD for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-convulsant and neuroprotective qualities.
CBD interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system, or ECS. Through cannabinoid receptors, the ECS interacts with other systems including the nervous system, digestive system, and circulatory system.
The FDA recently approved CBD in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation for certain types of epilepsy. CBD appears to be well tolerated by the human body.
CBD Oil and High Blood Pressure
There are studies being done on the effects of CBD on humans with high blood pressure. What do we know so far?
In March 2020, the British Pharmacology Society published a study in which they gave 600 mg of CBD or a placebo to 26 healthy men daily for 7 days and assessed its effects on blood pressure and heart health.
The researchers found that CBD reduced resting blood pressure after a single dose of hemp oil. After 7 days, that effect wore off, presumably due to tolerance. Additionally, blood pressure reduction during stress persisted. The CBD patients had reduced stiffness of the artery walls and improvements in endothelial function.
What does this mean? The authors concluded that this warranted more research. That means we cannot advocate the use of CBD to treat hypertension until more studies are conducted.
CBD Affects on High Blood Pressure
Researchers believe CBD might have a synergistic effect with some medications. That means some drugs may act stronger in the body when combined with CBD. This could cause the side effects of other medications to flare when combined with a dose CBD.
The body can respond to a single dose of CBD in a similar way to grapefruit juice, which can affect certain medications. We need more research to be certain.
The FDA created an informational page about the possible interactions of grapefruit juice and medications, including blood pressure medications made from nifedipine, like Procardia and Adalat CC, because of how these medications interact with the liver enzyme, CYP3A4.
If you take blood pressure medications, please talk to your doctor before starting with CBD.
High Blood Pressure & CBD Oil Conclusion
The research shows that CBD might reduce stress and help the body achieve balance and homeostasis. This may be enough to affect hypertension in some people, which could improve heart rate and blood flow. Researchers need to conduct more human studies.
But make no mistake, high blood pressure is serious business. Doctors don’t call hypertension the “silent killer” for nothing. Be certain to talk to your doctor if you’re currently on blood pressure medication. In addition to using CBD oil, consider general lifestyle changes if your family genetics indicate cardiac dysfunction, heart attack, heart failure, body weight issues, cardiovascular disease, or other health problems.
If you have hypertension, do everything you can to control your blood pressure. Eat a healthy diet, get exercise, and follow your doctor’s orders may help reduce your blood pressure. If your doctor writes you a blood pressure prescription, take it as prescribed. Buy a blood pressure machine for your home and monitor your blood pressure regularly. Evaluate your stress level and health issues, and take steps to mitigate your stress response.
If your doctor recommends CBD oil tinctures or CBD oil capsules, you should only consider CBD that is USDA certified organic and third-party lab tested. Like the products at Cornbread Hemp, brands that take these steps reduce the risk of contamination.
Be aware that CBD tinctures may cause you to experience side effects from your other medication. If you have other health conditions in addition to hypertension, be sure to discuss this with your doctor.
This post has not been intended as medical advice. CBD is not a drug. The FDA did not evaluate these statements. Cornbread Hemp products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


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Study shows: Longer life through more muscle strength
Millions of Germans go to the gym regularly to strengthen their muscles during strength training. How useful this is for health has now been shown in a recent study that found that people with more muscle strength live longer. The grip strength is particularly important here, the researchers report.
Increased life expectancy through regular exercise
To stay young longer, you should exercise regularly. Both endurance and strength training are recommended. The latter apparently also increases life expectancy. Because those who have more muscle strength live longer. This has now been shown in a new study by researchers from the University of Michigan (USA).
Maintaining muscle strength
According to the study published in the Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, people with low muscle strength die 50 percent sooner than their stronger peers.
"Maintaining muscle strength throughout life - and especially later in life - is extremely important for longevity and aging, independently of one another," lead researcher Kate Duchowny said in a statement.
According to the scientist, previous scientific studies have shown that muscle strength is an even more important predictor of general health and longevity than muscle mass.
Hand grip of outstanding importance
For the current study, data from 8,326 US men and women over 65 years of age were analyzed.
It was shown that hand grip is particularly important, since if it is weak, it is associated with restrictions on mobility.
Although this is a relatively simple test, measuring grip strength is currently not part of most routine exams, Duchowny said.
"This study underlines the importance of integrating grip strength measurements into routine care - not just for older adults, but even in the middle of life," said the study author.
"If hand strength were an integral part of routine care, this would enable earlier interventions that could lead to increased longevity and independence for the individual."
Earlier studies have also shown that the power of the hands is important for the diagnosis of diseases.
“Weak” people die earlier
As explained in the University of Michigan communication, grip strength can be measured using a device called a dynamometer.
This is compressed by the patient to measure his strength in kilograms. The researchers used thresholds to define strength levels.
For example, muscle weakness with a hand strength of less than 39 kg for men and 22 kg for women has been identified.
Based on their data, 46 percent of the subjects were initially classified as “weak”.
The researchers found that people in the “weak” category were 50 percent more likely to die than the comparison group.
The study also shows that “muscle weakness is a serious public health problem,” said Duchowny. (ad)


Choroideremia gene therapy gives long-term benefit to vision
Encouraging results from a 3.5-year follow up to the Phase I clinical trial
Results from a 3.5-year follow-up study show that patients who took part in the world’s first gene therapy clinical trial for choroideremia have had a long-lasting benefit to their eyesight. The clinical trial was led by Professor Robert MacLaren at the University of Oxford and was made possible due to research by Professor Miguel Seabra at Imperial College London supported via the Tommy Salisbury Choroideremia Fund at Fight for Sight.
Choroideremia is a rare inherited cause of severe sight loss that affects the male population. Symptoms start in childhood with trouble seeing at night and eventually lead to complete blindness by around the age of 40.
Initial results from the early-stage (Phase I) clinical trial were published in The Lancet in 2014. They showed that two of six patients treated with gene therapy for choroideremia had significant improvements in their vision, in the treated eye.
The follow-up report, which is published in The New England Journal of Medicine, shows that the benefits have lasted for 3.5 years since treatment, even though vision has become worse in the untreated eye during this time. Two other patients in the study haven’t had any more sight loss in their treated eye, while the youngest participant showed no change in either eye. One participant has had a steady decline in vision.
Dolores Conroy, Director of Research at Fight for Sight said: “Maintaining these positive results is very encouraging as similar mechanisms for other conditions have not shown improvement lasting over time.”
Professor MacLaren said: “This clinical trial marked a major step in developing gene therapy treatments for retinal diseases.”


Liberty is a 16yr old female American Bald Eagle. She is an impressive bird with a 1.5m wingspan and weighs in at 9 and a half pounds!!! (Liberty is a small female – so they do get much bigger than her!!) With birds of prey the female is always larger – something called reverse size dimorphism.
She is the largest member of the flying team at The Butterfly and Wildlife Park, Lincolnshire, UK. I fly her in the 3pm display and on a nice hot day she will go up and soar on a thermal – she can be up for anything from 10minutes to 5days(which is her record!!) If she doesn’t go up and soar, we work her on the ground between stumps and posts – a good exercise routine for her. She has long broad wings which mean she is better designed for soaring rather than short quick flights. She is a wonderful bird to fly and so impressive to watch.
Taken 16-7-12. Fuji FinePix S2750


Caring for Indoor Plants
The most important piece of advice when caring for indoor plants is DO NOT OVERWATER OR KEEP WET. Always check soil first by putting your finger in the top 1”of soil or look at color of soil and weight of plant. For some plants like succulents, let them get dry enough so soil pulls away from side of pot. Plants can not be watered on a weekly schedule because the hours of light and quantity varies by day.
Water at soil level, and water the roots not the leaves. Watering leaves can cause insect and disease problems. When plants need water, add enough at soil level for it to reach the roots. If the pot has a drainage hole, stop as soon as the water starts to drain out. Never leave water in saucer. If the pot has no drainage, be very cautious to not overwater. Fertilizer should now be cut to 1/4 of the normal mix that is currently being used for the growing season. Stop using fertilizer by December to give plants a rest until about March. The days will increase in sunlight and your plants will know it is time to get growing again.


Cloning a plant means growing a new plant from an existing plant rather than by seed. Magnolias are commonly propagated this way. Indeed, propagation by air layering has been used by the Chinese for many centuries. When cloning a magnolia, patience is key since it takes one to two years to get a new tree.
Choose a stem about the thickness of a pencil on the plant you want to clone.
Strip about a 6-inch section of its leaves.
Beneath a node--a place where a leaf emerges--cut through the bark all the way around the stem. Make an identical cut about 1 ½ inches below the first.
Make a vertical cut to join the first two cuts. Remove the bark.
Scrape the exposed inner wood with the knife.
Soak a large clump of moss for at least an hour.
Brush the stem's exposed inner wood with root hormone.
Squeeze the excess water from the moss, then wrap it around the exposed inner wood, securing it with twine.
Wrap the film around the moss, sandwiching the ends together, then rolling them down as you would a lunch bag.
Gather the top of the film against the stem, then tape it closed around the stem. Do the same with the bottom opening. The moss should now be completely sealed.
Cover the film with foil.
When roots have worked their way through the moss on all sides, prune the branch off beneath the plastic to separate the new plant from the old. It will take 1 to 2 growing seasons for the roots to get to this stage.
Prepare a permanent home for the young tree by shoveling out topsoil to accommodate the root ball.
Mix the topsoil with an equal amount of coir or moss.
Remove the film.
Plant the tree. Fill the hole with the soil-coir mix.
Bend a low-growing stem until it touches the ground.
Dig out a 2- to 3-inch trench in the soil about 6 to 12 inches from the end of the stem. The trench should continue to the point where the stem first comes in contact with the ground.
Strip the leaves from where the stem first touches the ground to about 6 to 12 inches from the stem's end.
Cut a diagonal notch into the stripped portion of the stem, a bit below a node.
Brush rooting hormone into the cut.
Slide a toothpick into the notch to keep the cut open.
Put the stripped area of the stem into the trench, covering it with the soil-coir mix. Leave above-ground the 6- to 12-inch end of the stem, with leaves still attached.
Put a stone atop the soil, if necessary, to keep the stem beneath the ground.
Stake the 6- to 12-inch end of the stem so that it stands straight up.
Keep the area watered so it stays moist.
Cut the new plant from the old in early autumn or early spring after roots have formed, which will take one to two growing seasons.
Plant the new tree as you would for an air-layered plant.
Things You Will Need
- Sharp knife
- Sphagnum moss or coir
- Soft-bristled paintbrush
- Rooting hormone
- 6 by 12 inches polyethylene film
- Electrical tape
- Aluminum foil
- Pruning shears
- Protect the young, newly planted tree by shading it from full sun.
- If there are a lot of leaves on the brand new plant, taking some off the bottom will help the plant become better established.
- Perform simple layering in early spring.


The global economy could be losing as much as $1 trillion annually by the end of the century if countries do not take urgent steps to stop ocean acidification, says a United Nations report launched on 8 October 2014 in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea (ROK).
This figure reflects the economic loss for industries linked to coral reefs alone, which are some of the most vulnerable species to this phenomenon.*
The overall financial and environmental costs are still uncertain, states the report, An Updated Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biodiversity, issued in Pyeongchang by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD (COP-12).
“When ecosystems stop delivering the way they should, they essentially deliver less services and less benefits. In the case of coral reefs, those systems are essential for people’s livelihoods in many regions of the world and they will be significantly affected,” said Salvatore Arico, who acts as the principal focal point on biodiversity and policy at the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth’s oceans, caused by a drastic increase in carbon dioxide emissions due to human activity. The report stresses that this phenomenon is occurring at unprecedented levels, threatening marine biodiversity and ultimately human society.
Healthy oceans have a central role to play in solving one of the biggest problems of the 21st century – how to feed 9 billion people by 2050. Photo: FAO
Higher acidity makes it harder for marine organisms like corals to calcify their shells and skeletons, which disturbs the balance of the entire ecosystem. For example, pteropods, which act as the “potato chips of the sea” because lots of organisms feed on them, are important in lots of food webs, but are severely threatened by ocean acidification.
The report, which was put together by a team of 30 international experts led by UK scientists, finds that ocean acidification has increased by around 26 per cent since pre-industrial times, and will continue to increase in the next 50 to 100 years, drastically affecting marine organisms and ecosystems as well as the goods and services they provide.
“While $1 trillion may sound like a huge figure, but we need to consider the benefits derived from marine biodiversity to many major industries,” Mr. Arico said in an interview. “Ocean acidification will greatly affect food security in the coming years, as well as tourism and other industries such as the pharmaceutical industry which relies on many marine organisms.”
Manta ray. Photo: CITES
While reversing ocean acidification is impossible at this stage, it is still possible to reduce the rate of CO2 emissions and eventually halt them.
“The main challenge is to link the current knowledge on ocean acidification with the post-Kyoto negotiations on climate change,” Mr. Arico said, referring to the negotiations to be held by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Lima, Peru later this year, and in Paris, France, in 2015.
“It would be really very useful if ocean acidification be taken into account in the context of these negotiations because it would inform the ultimate decisions by governments.” (*Source: UN Release).
Shell’s Arctic Drilling Plans Go from Bad to Worse.
Rising Voracious Consumption, Living as If We Had Two Planets
‘Governments Spend $1.4 Billion Per Day to Destabilize Climate’
Politicians Promote Fossil Fuels with Half a Trillion Dollars a Year
Save The Planet? Just Eat Cars, Drink Fuel!
The Mediterranean Sea Is Sick, Very Sick
Rich Countries Damage Water, Do Little to Reduce Pollution
World Bank and Giant Corporations Allied to Privatize Water Worldwide
2014 Human Wrongs Watch


What fish was found recently that was thought to be extinct?
The mystery fish had finally been identified as none other than a coelacanth, a prehistoric creature thought to have gone extinct 60 million years ago.
Are any prehistoric fish still alive?
The coelacanth a giant weird fish still around from dinosaur times can live for 100 years, a new study found. These slow-moving, people-sized fish of the deep, nicknamed a ‘living fossil’, are the opposite of the live fast, die young mantra. These nocturnal fish grow at an achingly slow pace.
What is the oldest prehistoric fish?
Haikouichthys, from about 518 million years ago in China, may be the earliest known fish.
What fish is a dinosaur?
Coelacanths, which have been around for 400 million years, were thought extinct until they were found alive in 1938 off South Africa. The coelacanth a giant weird fish still around from dinosaur times can live for 100 years, a new study found.
What was the first fish?
The first fish were primitive jawless forms (agnathans) which appeared in the Early Cambrian, but remained generally rare until the Silurian and Devonian when they underwent a rapid evolution.
What was the very first fish?
When was the first fish on earth?
around 480 million years ago
The first vertebrates on Earth were fish, and scientists believe they first appeared around 480 million years ago. But fossil records from this time are spotty, with only small fragments identified. By 420 million years ago, however, the fossil record blossoms, with a huge variety of fish species present en masse.
Which dinosaurs are still alive?
In an evolutionary sense, birds are a living group of dinosaurs because they descended from the common ancestor of all dinosaurs. Other than birds, however, there is no scientific evidence that any dinosaurs, such as Tyrannosaurus, Velociraptor, Apatosaurus, Stegosaurus, or Triceratops, are still alive.
Is the arapaima prehistoric?
Due to its massive size and the fact that its virtually unchanged in the fossil record for 23 million years, DeSouza says the arapaima has become known as the “dinosaur fish.” And while the species never actually lived during the time of the dinosaurs, its primeval appearance certainly brings the popular image of …


Drug resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon that limits the action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, thus making urgent the development of new therapeutic strategies capable of inducing cytotoxic effects circumventing chemoresistance. Natural and synthetic cationic peptides and polymers has given satisfactory results both in microbiology, as antibacterial agents, and in the oncological field, resulting effective against several tumors, including human neuroblastoma (NB) [1,2]. To this end, we synthetized, characterized, and tested on etoposide-sensitive (HTLA-230) and-resistant (HTLA-ER) human NB cells , two ammonium chloride polystyrene-based copolymers P5 and P7. Both copolymers were water-soluble, showed a positive surface charge, due to nitrogen atoms which resulted protonated in the whole physiological pH range, and showed values of Z-potential favorable to stability in solution . P5 and P7 exhibited excellent buffer capacity, useful to escape lysosome deactivation once inside cells, nanosized particles and were able to reduce NB cell viability in a concentration-dependent way . Interestingly, a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed in both NB cell populations treated with P5 or P7 establishing, for both copolymers, an unequivocal correlation between cytotoxicity and ROS generation . Unexpectedly, the ROS-related cytotoxic effects of both copolymers were even higher on HTLA-ER cells, thus proving that P5 and P7 could be promising template macromolecules for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents able to fight NB chemoresistance .  L.T. Eliassen, et al. Int. J. Cancer. 2006, 119, 493–500.  J. Tan, et al. Biomat. 2020, 252, 120078.  R. Colla, et al. Oncotarget 2016, 7, 70715-70737.  S. Alfei, et al. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 977.
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"Sugar" is a general term that refers to a carbohydrate with a molecular formula Cn(H2O)n. Despite being one of the most typical substructures in molecules produced by living organisms, they do not affect the principal activity of the aglycon. Moreover, their highly redundant structures can prevent from the efficient understanding of the main biological activities of the molecule. This application allows to computationally remove sugar structures from the submitted molecules. Different options are available: removal of all sugars, removal of only ring sugars or only linear sugars, and removal of only terminal ring and terminal linear sugars. Here, a terminal sugar is defined as a substructure that, when removed, does not split the parent structure in two or more disconnected substructures.
It is also possible to remove only the ring sugars that are connected to the parent structure by a glycosidic bond.
Th command line application, with more options and parameters can be downloaded here
The Sugar Remover Utility is developed and maintained by the Steinbeck group at the University Friedrich-Schiller in Jena, Germany.


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Exposure Protection PakNatural vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and nitrates proven to nutritionally protect and heal the body all combined in convenient packets.
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Supports the health of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Assists with the function of the GI tract to ensure you can process food smoothly.
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We’re constantly tracking the latest research on nutrition and supplement impact. If you don’t find the answer you are looking for, please contact us! We are happy to help guide you.
We do all of the work, from research and development to production and shipping, in-house. This means we know exactly what goes into every single supplement and powder we sell.
D.O.M. (Date of Manufacture) is the new way that the FDA has asked all supplement companies to display dates onto our products, instead of expiration dates. All of our products have a general 2-year expiration date from the D.O.M. Although after these 2 years, the product doesn't go bad or cause harm, they simply start to lose potency.
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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is not only the place where food gets digested and absorbed, but it is also our immune system’s first line of defense. The GI tract serves as a physical barrier that prevents potentially harmful substances, pathogenic microorganisms, and undigested proteins from entering the body. This multi-functional organ contains a significant amount of immune tissue, produces protective antibodies, and also plays a role in detoxification.Keeping our GI tract intact is crucial to maintaining our health and well-being. Permeability is key to the function of the GI tract; it must be permeable enough to allow vital nutrients through, but not too permeable to allow unwanted substances into the bloodstream.Many factors affect GI permeability in a negative way, including alcohol, drugs, toxins, oxidative stress, pathogenic microorganisms, and even the immune response itself.GI tract cells divide rapidly, and the gastrointestinal epithelium is literally replaced every three to six days. This fundamental process requires a significant amount of energy and nutrients, as well as a balanced and thriving ora of beneficial microorganisms.OPTI-GI™ contains a complementary blend of nutrients, herbs, and a probiotic yeast to support the integrity, health, and metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract.* It also contains immunoglobulins, patented glutamine, special pectin fibers and powerful herbs.
Nutrient Paks are the easiest way to cover your nutritional bases - but only a blood test can tell whether all your nutritional needs are being met.
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The NovaSeq 6000 Sequencing System unleashes ground breaking innovations that leverage our proven technology. Now you can get scalable throughput and flexibility for virtually any sequencing method, genome, and scale of project.
Newcastle's Genomics Core Facility launched their NovaSeq 6000 in January 2017, currently one of only three in the UK.
Features of the system include:
Large dataset applications –†WGS, Ultradeep WES and Tumour-Normal profiling (†48 human genomes per run at 30x).
Large sample projects - WES, RNA-Seq and Single Cell studies.
Single or dual flow cells; 3 flow cell sizes S1, S2 and S4; 1.6 – 10 billion reads or max output 0.5 – 3 Tb per flow cell.
Read length 2 x 50 bp, 100 bp or 150 bp.


Objective: To investigate risk factors associated with aneurysm rupture using patients randomized into the U.K. Small Aneurysm Trial (n = 1090) or monitored for aneurysm growth in the associated study (n = 1167).
Summary background data: The U.K. Small Aneurysm Trial has shown that ultrasound surveillance is a safe management option for patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms (4.0 to 5.5 cm in diameter), with an annual rupture rate of 1%.
Methods: In the cohort of 2257 patients (79% male), aged 59 to 77 years, 103 instances of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture were identified during the 7-year period of follow-up (1991-1998). Almost all patients (98%) had initial aneurysm diameters in the range of 3 to 6 cm, and the majority of ruptures (76%) occurred in patients with aneurysms > or =5 cm in diameter. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were used to identify baseline risk factors associated with aneurysm rupture.
Results: After 3 years, the annual rate of aneurysm rupture was 2.2% (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 2.8). The risk of rupture was independently and significantly associated with female sex (p < 0.001), larger initial aneurysm diameter (p < 0.001), lower FEV1 (p = 0.004), current smoking (p = 0.01), and higher mean blood pressure (p = 0.01). Age, body mass index, serum cholesterol concentration, and ankle/brachial pressure index were not associated with an increased risk of aneurysm rupture.
Conclusions: Within this cohort of patients, women had a threefold higher risk of aneurysm rupture than men. Effective control of blood pressure and cessation of smoking are likely to diminish the risk of rupture.


Stem cell biology takes another exciting leap forward as scientists report that normal tissue cells can be reprogrammed to exhibit many of the properties that are characteristic of embryonic stem cells, including the ability to give rise to multiple cell types and contribute to the germline. These findings, published in the inaugural issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell, published by Cell Press, provide strong support for the rationale that it may be possible to generate stem cells with nearly unlimited potential directly from a patients own cells, an idea that has significant implications for regenerative therapeutics.
Although transplantation of stem cells generated from human embryos is considered to be a promising option for replacement of damaged or diseased tissues, there are serious difficulties and concerns associated with this methodology. Controversial ethical issues are associated with the use of human embryos, and tissue rejection remains a major concern with stem cell transplants, just as it is for organ transplants. One way to avoid these potential problems is to find a way to reliably reprogram an individuals differentiated tissue cells into cells that behave like embryonic stem cells and can give rise to any fetal or adult cell type.
Recent research discovered that expression of four transcription factors can induce a pluripotent state in adult fibroblasts. Dr. Konrad Hochedlinger from the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Regenerative Medicine and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Dr. Kathrin Plath from the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at UCLA, and their colleagues improved this approach and combined it with an efficient selection process, which allowed them to generate induced pluripotent cells from fibroblasts that were, based on the assays used, indistinguishable from ES cells. For example, genome-wide analysis revealed that the induced stem cells were highly similar to embryonic stem cells with regard
Contact: Erin Doonan


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Without enough of it, the tissues holding teeth securely in place . It scavenges free radicals in the body, removing these unstable molecules as a protective mechanism for optimal health and . Jan High-dose vitamin C , in some studies, has shown improved quality of life and fewer side effects in some cancer patients. The formula contains one of the strongest. Here are three ways in which it is essential for healthy . FREE SHIPPING on qualified . Mar “The benefits of the topical application of vitamin C on the skin are well-studied and quite strong.
In my opinion, everyone should be applying . Find out about vitamin C (also called ascorbic acid), including what it does, how much you nee and good sources of it. Higher blood levels of vitamin C may be the ideal nutrition marker for . Learn about the sources of vitamin C and its recommended intake . It is needed for normal growth and development. Your biomarkers are powerful.
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Keeping colds away by helping to keep the immune system strong. It is a powerful antioxidant, protecting your body from the damage of free radicals. Apr All of your vitamins are important — vital, even.
Salespeople will use this fact to try to sell you supplements every day, and their vitamin is . Learn more about ascorbic acid and the best vitamin C food choices. A water- soluble vitamin and powerful antioxidant, it helps the body form and maintain . How vitamin C prevents oxidation. Did you think that ascorbic acid was just a tasty vitamin? Are you one of those individuals who are doing whatever you can just to avoid getting sick?
A lot of people say that you are better off avoiding getting sick rather. The health benefits of vitamin C are abundant and varie but vitamin C is probably best known as a cell protector, and powerful antioxidant. Including vitamin C -rich foods in recipes with your best iron sources can.


The glycoprotein gp91(phox) is an essential component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and is expressed in eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and B- lymphocytes. We previously suggested an eosinophil-specific mechanism of gp91(phox) gene expression. To elucidate the mechanism, we performed functional assays on deletion mutants of the gp91(phox) promoter in various types of gp91(phox)-expressing cells. A 10-base pair (bp) region from bp -105 to -96 of the promoter activated transcription of the gene in eosinophilic cells, but not in neutrophilic, monocytic, or B-lymphocytic cells. A 2-bp mutation introduced into the GATA site spanning bp -101 to -96 (-98GATA site) of the fragment abolished its activity. Gel shift assays using a GATA competitor and specific antibodies demonstrated that both GATA-1 and GATA-2 specifically bound to the -98GATA site with similar affinities. Individual transfection of GATA-1 and GATA-2 into Jurkat cells, which have neither endogenous GATA-1 nor GATA-2, activated the -105/+12 construct in a -98GATA site-dependent manner. Combined transfection of GATA-1 and GATA-2 activated the promoter less than transfection of GATA-1 alone. These results suggest that GATA-1 is an activator and that GATA-2 is a relative competitive inhibitor of GATA-1 in the expression of the gp91(phox) gene in human eosinophils.


What is the best type of media to use for your cell line?
When it comes to culturing cell lines in the laboratory, the type of media you use can have a significant impact on the growth and behavior of your cells. But with so many options on the market, it can be difficult to know which one is best for your particular cell line. In this blog post, we'll take a closer look at the different types of media available and the key considerations to keep in mind when choosing the right one for your experiment.
Basic types of media:
Serum-containing media: These are some of the most commonly used types of media in cell culture, as they provide a rich source of nutrients and growth factors. They can be further divided into two categories:
Fetal bovine serum (FBS): This type of serum is obtained from the blood of unborn calves and is a popular choice in many cell culture applications. However, there are concerns about the ethical sourcing of FBS, and it can also introduce variability into your experiments due to the differences between batches.
Animal-free media: As the name suggests, these types of media do not contain any animal-derived components and are suitable for use in cultures that require a low level of contaminants. Examples include serum-free media and chemically defined media.
Defined media: These are media that contain known and specific components, which makes them ideal for reproducibility and predictability in experiments. However, it also means that these media can be more expensive to purchase and prepare.
Choosing the right media for your cell line:
When selecting a media for your cell line, it is important to keep in mind the specific requirements of your cells, such as pH, temperature, and osmolarity. Some key considerations to keep in mind include:
Cell type: Different cell types have different nutritional requirements, so it's important to choose a media that is specifically formulated for the cells you are working with. For example, some cell lines may require specific growth factors or hormones that are not present in all types of media.
Experimental goal: The type of experiment you are conducting will also influence your choice of media. For example, if you are trying to maintain the normal growth and behavior of your cells, a serum-containing media may be a good choice. But if you are trying to induce a specific change in your cells, such as differentiation or apoptosis, you may need to use a media that is specifically formulated for that purpose.
Cost and convenience: Lastly, it's important to consider the cost and convenience of the media you choose. Some types of media can be expensive to purchase or prepare, while others may require specialized equipment or facilities to maintain.
Some notable references to consider :
Ham et al. (2007) In vitro cell culture medium: current trends and future directions. Cytotechnology, vol. 53, pp. 17–24.
Dulbecco and Vogt (1954) A new tissue culture medium. Nature, vol. 173, pp. 943–944.
Earl E. Glynn et al. (2011) A standardized terminology for describing serum-free and defined culture media and methods for preparing them. Biology of Reproduction, vol. 85, pp. 1619–1624.
When it comes to culturing cell lines in the lab, the type of media you use can have a significant impact on the growth and behavior of your cells. By understanding the basic types of media available, and the key considerations to keep in mind when choosing the right one for your experiment, you'll be well on your way to finding the best media for your cell line.
In summary, when it comes to choosing the best type of media for your cell line, there are a few key things to consider. Firstly, it is important to understand the basic types of media available, including serum-containing and defined media. Secondly, it is important to consider the specific requirements of your cells, such as pH, temperature, and osmolarity. And thirdly, you should consider the cost and convenience of the media you choose, as well as your experimental goal.
One thing to keep in mind is that there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to media selection. The best type of media for your cell line will depend on a variety of factors, including the cell type you are working with, the specific requirements of your cells, and the goals of your experiment. As a result, it's important to carefully consider all of these factors when making your selection.
As a final note, it is also advisable to validate your media choice by comparing results with other known cell lines, and referencing credible sources like the examples I have provided. With the right media selection, you can ensure that your cells grow and behave as they should, giving you reliable and reproducible results in your experiments.
So, the next time you are faced with the question of what is the best type of media to use for your cell line, consider the facts, trust in credible sources and trust in your own research. With the right media choice, you will have a better chance to get the results you need.
I’ll end this with a story…
Once upon a time, there was a young researcher named Jane who was determined to find a cure for a rare form of cancer. She had spent years studying the disease and had finally made a breakthrough in her lab, discovering a unique cell line that seemed to hold the key to a cure.
Excited by her discovery, Jane began culturing the cells in her lab, but soon realized that she was having a hard time keeping them alive. Despite her best efforts, the cells were dying at an alarming rate, and her progress was being hindered.
Feeling defeated and hopeless, Jane reached out to her colleagues for help. One of them suggested that she try using a different type of media to culture her cells. With nothing to lose, Jane decided to give it a try.
She carefully researched different types of media and ultimately decided to use a serum-free, defined media that was specifically formulated for her unique cell line. To her amazement, the cells began to thrive, doubling in number every day.
Over the next few weeks, Jane watched with tears in her eyes as her cells grew stronger and stronger. She knew that this was the key to finding a cure, and her hard work had finally paid off.
With the help of her newly thriving cells, Jane was able to develop a treatment that showed promising results in preclinical trials. Thanks to her persistence and determination, and her willingness to try a different type of media, she was able to bring hope to countless patients and their families affected by this rare form of cancer.
The moral of the story is that the type of media you use in cell culture can be crucial for the success of your research, and sometimes, the solution to a problem can be as simple as trying something new. It's important to not to be afraid to try different approaches, and have the willingness to look at things from different perspectives, it can lead to groundbreaking discoveries, and can make all the difference in helping people in need.


The Deerhound is one of the oldest Scottish breeds. He descends from the Celtic greyhound.
The Deerhound, also known as the Scottish Deer Dog, is of impressive stature, yet its character is calm and obedient. He is well prepared for cold climates due to his thick coat. Learn more about this breed today.
Deerhound: the origin of the breed
The Deerhound is one of the oldest Scottish breeds. He descends from the Celtic greyhound. The Deerhound was bred by Scottish clans for the chase of wolves and other wildlife. Later, when firearms were used for hunting, the Scottish stag dog became useless.
He was threatened with extinction, but Sir Walter Scott and Scottish fashion rescued this breed of dog in the 18th century. In the 19th century, Queen Victoria also had a deerhound as a pet. This breed of dog was able to survive until today.
Physical characteristics of the Scottish Deerhound
The Scottish deer dog is of a size and well-proportioned, but the head is relatively small.
The shoulder height should be at least 76 cm for males, for bitches more than 71 cm. Dogs weigh about 45 kg, bitches bring about 36 kg on the scales.
The coat is usually shaded gray, but there are also specimens with reddish or reddish-brown tint, mask and black legs, and black tail. Sometimes these dogs are white on the chest, paws, and tail.
The character of the Scottish deer dog
The Scottish Deerhound is very loving and obedient, but also relatively independent. He needs his room because even if he behaves quietly in the house, he is an extraordinarily fast runner since he was bred for the hunt.
Care and other tips
The skin and the coat of the Deerhound adapt perfectly to rough landscapes and adverse climatic conditions. Therefore, this breed is best suited for the cold continental climate, high mountains or rugged coastal regions. He is prepared for the cold, but heat is more dangerous for him because the hard skin makes him more susceptible to a heat stroke.
The Scottish deer dog has a relatively high life expectancy but needs a lot of space, regular training, and a loving family. He is very muscular and strong and therefore needs a high-protein diet.
Like most large breeds, it is more susceptible to certain diseases, such as stomach rotation or hip dysplasia. But all these problems can be prevented by regular veterinary check-ups.


I just started to work with the anybody software and I already have a first big problem regarding the standing model from repository 1.1, which drives me around the bend. So I would really appreciate some ideas, in which direction it may go.
At the time of, Im working on the alignment of knee prostheses, why I would like to modify just one single knee. For instance, changing the axis of the revolute joint in the knee by changing the respective refnode. Or just hide the femur on one side of the model. But everytime when I make modifications in (e.g. Main.HumanModel.BodyModel.Left.Leg.Seg.Thigh), it assume the changes for both sides Im looking forward to hear from you.


Fasting is back in vogue, and while it helps with weight loss, it has many benefits that have been largely overlooked. Indeed, it is one of the most powerful, yet most underutilized medical therapies available. Fasting is a natural therapy that rejuvenates and regenerates the body. Plus, it’s totally free! When the human organism is provided with the necessary conditions for its functioning, in particular an appropriate diet, environment, activity and psychology, it is possible for it to maintain optimal health. If these conditions are not met, health will be compromised. Often the best way to facilitate the restoration of health is through therapeutic fasting. It allows the body to create a unique and unparalleled healing physiological response. So what is therapeutic fasting? What are these health benefits? Is it an effective solution to lose weight naturally?
What is therapeutic fasting?
Therapeutic fasting is defined as complete abstinence from all substances, except pure water, in an environment of complete rest. Starvation, even for a few days, while working, exercising, worrying, etc. is not therapeutic fasting. A noisy, very stressful and unfavorable environment will not give the organism the possibility of maximizing self-healing mechanisms. To maximize the benefits of therapeutic fasting, complete rest is essential and stressful situations should be avoided. Eating only certain foods or drinking juices is not therapeutic fasting. The impact as well as the physiological and clinical benefits are different. This is not to say that juice fasting diets or so-called elimination diets do not have positive effects. They are simply not the same as therapeutic fasting. When properly applied and conducted, therapeutic fasting is one of the most powerful tools available to help the body heal itself. When abused or applied inappropriately, it can be harmful.
The benefits of therapeutic fasting
If therapeutic fasting is so recommended, it is because of its many positive effects on the human body.
When the body enters a state of therapeutic fasting, the remaining carbohydrates are depleted. The body will then switch to fat burning. At the same time, the metabolic rate increases instead of decreasing as it does in a state of calorie restriction (low calorie diets). This leads to weight loss.
The release of energy
In fact, up to 50% of our energy is needed to digest food. In no time, this energy is released from the digestive process and can now be used to heal and regenerate. The body knows better than anyone where healing is most needed.
After 24-36 hours, the diseased and weakened cells will, through processes called apoptosis and autophagy, be driven into cell death, dismantled and recycled into new cells. However, there is nothing to worry about because it is a completely natural process. An average human adult loses between 50 and 70 billion cells every day through apoptosis. This rate is greatly increased by therapeutic fasting.
Stem cell regeneration
The next step in the therapeutic fasting process is the significant increase in stem cell production and activation. The number of new stem cells and the level of human growth hormone increase dramatically during days 3 to 5 of the fast, then decrease again thereafter. More recent research has shown that during this period of increased stem cell production, a huge amount of new white blood cells are produced, which strengthens the immune system.
Improving the immune system
Have you ever noticed that when animals get sick, they stop eating? Have you ever wondered why this happens? It is a natural instinct by which animals try to reduce stress on their internal system and focus their energy on fighting infection. So the next time you get sick, resist the temptation to forage for food and focus on fasting instead.
Breaking the fast with fruit can boost your immune system even further by providing your body with a source of essential vitamins and minerals, especially vitamins A and E which are great antioxidants. Fasting also prevents the formation of cancerous cells, regulates the likelihood of inflammation, and helps reduce the occurrence of free radicals in the body that cause damage to cells, DNA, and proteins in the body, thus contributing to the evolution of the disease. Remember, fasting triggers the regeneration of old cells in the body. This rejuvenation of cells results in improved immune function. According to a study, a three-day fast can lead to the regeneration of the entire immune system and the production of totally new white blood cells that have a greater ability to fight disease.
Other Benefits of Therapeutic Fasting
Along with burning fat, losing weight, and boosting the immune system, therapeutic fasting has many other health benefits. It reduces inflammation, rebalances the gut microbiome and hormones, protects the brain against harmful changes associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and other neurological diseases. It reduces the risk of cancer and the rate of aging but also regulates cell maintenance and repair processes.
In which cases should therapeutic fasting be avoided?
There are people who are not good candidates for therapeutic fasting. However, there are few conditions that contraindicate its proper use. The biggest contraindication is fear. A lack of understanding of the process of fasting can present serious problems. Extreme weakness caused by various illnesses and associated with muscle atrophy can also interfere with therapeutic fasting. There are also many medications that can complicate the fasting process. Insufficient nutrient stores would also be another potential contraindication to fasting. Certain types of cancer and serious kidney disease may also make an individual a poor candidate for therapeutic fasting. So, seek advice from a specialist before starting therapeutic fasting. Given all these benefits, it seems obvious that therapeutic fasting is a great way to lose weight naturally and stay in good shape. But be careful to respect the conditions required to practice it, at the risk of damaging your health.


The School of Biotechnology was set up in 2006 from the earlier Center for Biotechnology. BioSpectrum magazine rated the Bio Technology program of JNU as third ranking institute among all public schools in India. (Source: Wikipedia)
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary area on the educational scene and programmes have been developed to meet the growing demand for trained manpower for any meaningful biotechnology activity in the country. The programmes are designed to expose the students to recent exciting developments in the area of genetic engineering and biotechnology and their exploitations in industry, agriculture and medicine.
JNU holds a Combined Entrance Examination for admission to two-year MSc programme in Biotechnology on behalf of various participating universities. For intake details for those universities, click here (Source: Official Prospectus)
Andragogy offers programmes for the JNU (CEEB) entrance examination.
For other details, click here


It's a guinea pig with sneeze and crusty nose, Theo and Ron.
It's a guinea pig with sneeze and crusty noseJA: I'm sorry to hear that. What is the guinea pig's name and age?Customer: Theo and Ron. We just got them two weeks ago from pet store.JA: How old is Theo?Customer: Probably 8-10 weeks?JA: Is there anything else the Veterinarian should be aware of about Theo?Customer: He ate some duct tape the other day.JA: The Veterinarian will know if Theo will be able to digest that. OK. Got it. I'm sending you to a secure page on JustAnswer so you can place the $5 fully-refundable deposit now. While you're filling out that form, I'll tell the Veterinarian about your situation and then connect you two.Customer: But the sneezing was before that
Veterinarian and practice owner
Hello,We are very concerned about our 6-year old mixed
Hello, We are very concerned about our 6-year old mixed breed dog. He has had a wide range of chronic and acute health problems that we feel might be suggestive of an immune disorder. We would like to hear your thoughts and more specifically, to identify whatever tests would be appropriate to definitively determine what is going on with him. Health history: Very sick puppy, from 3-6+ months. Rescued from shelter during an outbreak of distemper. His symptoms were difficult to distinguish – between severe URI or distemper. Treated with an experimental distemper treatment, he survived. We will never know if vet’s “cure” succeeded, or it was an unidentified respiratory illness Tested positive for Lyme about 4 years ago and was treated with antibiotics. Had swollen joints. Had two TPLOs for CCL injuries about a year apart. The last was about 1 year ago. He healed very well from both, but from time to time, favors or limps on a leg for a day or a few days and recovers. Prone to ear infections; has had several eye infections. Had neither in last year. He has a mild heart murmur About 3 years ago, began to suffer from skin problems – initially hot spots, then a mildly crusty nose and secondary sores/infections, primarily yeast infections. Two years ago, this was diagnosed as allergies and he was/is treated with allergy shots to desensitize him. He showed modest improvement the next summer. Recent/current issues: He developed depigmentation on his nose at nostril, lips and inside his mouth over the last 1-2 years About 6-8 months ago, developed small bald patches (from the size of a dime to the size of a nickel) on his back and sides. Diagnosed as pyoderma and successfully treated with antibiotics. A few months later, about 3 months ago, his abdomen and groin were very irritated, itchy and seemed to have a yeast infection. At the same time, we noticed slight urinary incontinence that we/vet thought was contributing to this – he was leaving very small wet spots when resting. He did not have a UTI and we started him on PPA and chlorhexadine baths for the yeast infection. Within days after the yeast infection above, he suddenly developed a very foul, fishy smell and his groin/stomach appeared much worse. He also had a fever. We brought him into the vet and he was hospitalized overnight. He was diagnosed with severe bacterial infections of about 10 different bacteria, including several antibiotic resistant strains. He took several different antibiotics, continued on the PPA and recovered. About a month ago, one lower rear leg became swollen at and above the ankle. (It was not the joint, but rather a fluidy edema-type swelling.) He also had a red, raised lesion on the knee. He also had another flare up of various skin infections on groin, abs and his tail with fever again. His crusty nose became much worse, his eyes were rheumy and irritated and his tongues strangely slimy and bright red. He seemed extremely ill. We took him into emergency, and he was started on two different antibiotics and an antifungal. The lesion was biopsied/removed and we were told it is a histiocytoma. An x-ray showed inflammation inside his leg was causing the swelling, but the orthopedist said he did not think it was an infection of the TPLO. Blood tests showed some anemia and his urine was slightly dilute. His skin infections improved over the course of the antibiotics, but his crusty nose and eyes did not. He also remained lethargic, and developed new symptoms: heavy, foamy drooling and licking the air and oddly “chomping” at food when eating, like he had mouth pain or difficulty swallowing. Vet advised us to discontinue antibiotics and antifungals. The only change since doing so is a little less lethargy. He appears to have lost weight and muscle mass. His leg still swells on and off Increased thirst; heavy water drinking – ½ a bowl at a sitting Increased appetite We take our dog to a large veterinary hospital and find he has been bounced from specialist to specialist so much that nobody has really taken all of his symptoms into account. No further testing at all has been done to try to get to the root of why our dog has such continual ill health and see if there is an underlying cause. The dermatologist took the lead on his care and just feels it is an allergy and argues that is enough of an explanation for everything. We obviously worry it might be lupus or a similar immune disease. If you wanted to do a completely exhaustive, definitive series of tests to either confirm or rule out – EVERY test that you would think to run -- what would they be? On Monday we are taking him to an internal medicine vet and want to make sure we are completely armed with information. Thank you so much for your help. Susan
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
My ten yr old Yorkshire became ill with pancreatitis abt three
My ten yr old Yorkshire became ill with pancreatitis abt three months ago. He has returned to fairly good health, but I am worried about the crusty nose he developed while sick. It looks sore and by touch it's hard and seems to be tender. My vet tell me that they have no idea what causes this and not to worry. However, it has an appearance of eroding away-- almost as though it will drop off if it continues.His nose has been runny since becoming ill.Virginia Meeker
border collie: my 10 year..10 year old..treated her for years..oxide
my 10 year old border collie has always had a skinned looking nose, for about six months she has had a sore crusty nose. I have treated her for years with zinc oxide and recently started using vetericyn.when it became hard and crusty. Its been about two weeks and it is still crusty but now has started to peel off to a raw red skin underneath. I have a feeling that it is a cancer, but was hoping it could be treated anyway..


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Bleeding in the First Trimester
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There are several possible reasons why your tooth tastes weird. One of the most common causes is an infection caused by discharge from an abscess that empties in your mouth or an infection in your gum or jawbone.
If the infection is still at its early stage, the bad taste typically isn’t accompanied by pain. For that reason, you may notice a weird taste for days, weeks, or months before you start to feel pain. By the time you feel pain in the tooth, the infection has already spread, and the bacteria may already be in your circulatory system. That’s why we recommend our patients to always see one of our dentists at Kane & Kerper Family & Cosmetic Dentistry each time they feel something is awry in their mouth or teeth.
The bad taste that you experience may vary. Some of our patients would describe it as bitter or sour while others would consider it as merely unpleasant. If you notice that your tooth tastes weird, you should talk to your dentist immediately. It could be the result of a potential infection that might lead to oral decay. It could also be halitosis.
Poorly Maintained Fillings
Another reason your tooth tastes weird is that you have bad dental fillings, especially if they’re falling apart and causing a metallic taste. Even if you have silver mercury fillings, which are known to be a durable filling material, they could still erode. If that happens, bacteria in your mouth could travel into your tooth, causing a bad odor or taste in your mouth.
If the problem is left untreated, it could cause tooth decay and might result in tooth extraction. You should contact your dentist immediately if you start to feel that your tooth tastes weird. If it’s the result of a failing dental filling, it could be replaced without resorting to tooth extraction. If you wait a little longer, the bacteria inside the affected tooth will cause further damage and the only option to remedy the situation is extraction. To save it, a root canal therapy may be suggested.
Other reasons why your tooth tastes weird:
Poor oral hygiene. If you failed to brush and floss regularly, you will soon suffer from gingivitis and a possible tooth infection. Your dentist might recommend a prescription medicine to get rid of the infection. When it’s healed, the weird taste in your tooth goes away.
Prescription drugs. Antibiotics, gout medicine, and cardiac drugs are some of the prescription medications that could affect your taste and taste buds. Apart from prescription medicines, some over the counter vitamins might also be the reason your tooth tastes weird. Multivitamins with copper, zinc and other heavy metals can cause a metallic taste.
If you experience a weird odor in your mouth or tooth, it’s best to consult with your dentist. He’ll examine your mouth to know whether or not you’re suffering from tooth decay. He can also refer you to a dentist if you have a serious medical condition.


Androgen regulation of prostasin gene expression is mediated by sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins and SLUG
Abbreviated Journal Title
prostate cancer; dihydrotestosterone; transcription repressors; SREBP; SNAIL; growth factor; ACID SYNTHASE EXPRESSION; REPRESSES E-CADHERIN; SERINE-PROTEASE; BREAST-CANCER; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; SNAIL; CELLS; RECEPTOR; LOCALIZATION; ACTIVATION; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology
BACKGROUND. Prostasin is downregulated in hormone-refractory prostate cancers (HRPC). The mechanisms by which androgens regulate prostasin expression are unclear. METHODS. LNCaP cells were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and mRNA expression of prostasin, SREBPs, SNAIL, and SLUG was examined by real-time PCR following reverse transcription. A human prostasin promoter was evaluated in HEK-293 cells cotransfected with transcription factor cDNAs. Regulation of endogenous prostasin expression by transfected SREBP-2 or SLUG was evaluated. Expression of SNAIL and SLUG mRNA in DU-145 cells treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined. RESULTS. Prostasin mRNA expression in LNCaP cells was not responsive to DHT treatment. DHT marginally upregulated mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, and SNAIL, but not SREBP-la, while dramatically increased SLUG mRNA expression, in a dose-dependent manner. Co-transfection of prostasin promoter and SREBP cDNA in HEK-293 cells resulted in stimulation of promoter activity at similar to twofold by SREBP-1c, and up to sixfold by SREBP-2; while co-transfection with SNAIL or SLUG cDNA resulted in repression of promoter activity to 43% or 59%, respectively. Co-transfection of the SLUG cDNA negated SREBP-2's stimulation of prostasin promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of an SREBP-2 cDNA in HEK-293 and DU-145 resulted in upregulation of prostasin while transfection of a SLUG cDNA in LNCaP repressed prostasin expression. EGF upregulated SNAIL and SLUG mRNA in DU-145. CONCLUSIONS. DHT regulates prostasin expression in prostate cells via SREBP stimulation and SLUG repression of prostasin promoter. SLUG is upregulated by DHT and EGF, providing a molecular mechanism by which epithelial cell-specific genes are silenced during prostate cancer development and progression.
"Androgen regulation of prostasin gene expression is mediated by sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins and SLUG" (2006). Faculty Bibliography 2000s. 4667.


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|Author:||El-Sabbagh, A. A. ; Abd El-Hafez, S. A. ; El-Bably, A. Z. ; Abou-Ahmed, E. I.|
|Book Group Author:||NA|
A field experiment was conducted in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during 2004 and 2005 to study the effects of irrigation after 40, 60 or 80% of the available soil moisture had been depleted on the productivity and water relations of soyabean cultivars Giza 21, Giza 35 and Crawford. Plant height, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant, seed oil content, and seed, straw, biological, oil and protein yields significantly decreased, whereas the seed protein content increased as the level of soil moisture depletion increased. Giza 21 was superior in plant height (77.21 cm), number of pods per plant (51.63), 100-seed weight (15.39 g), seed yield per plant (12.03 g), straw yield (2570 kg/feddan), biological yield (3748 kg/feddan), oil yield (21.85%), oil yield (272.08 kg/feddan), protein yield (428.27 kg/feddan) and water use efficiency (23.60 kg seed yield/cm of water consumed), except seed oil and protein contents, for which Crawford (22.24%) and Giza 35 (34.92%) were superior, respectively. Water requirement values were 75.48, 68.40 and 55.60 cm for irrigation after the depletion of 40, 60 and 80% of the available soil moisture, respectively. The seasonal water consumptive use values increased as the available soil moisture increased in the root zone. The cultivar had no significant effect on water consumption. The highest values of water use and utilization efficiencies were recorded for the irrigation after the depletion of 60% of the available soil moisture. Seasonal water use was positively associated with seed, straw, biological, oil and protein yields, and water use efficiency. [1 feddan=0.42 ha].
|Pages:||571 - 586|
|Journal:||Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University|
chemical composition, crop yield, cultivars, irrigation,plant composition, plant height, plant water relations, pods, proteincontent, seed weight, seeds, soil water, soyabeans, varietal reactions,water deficit, water use efficiency, yield components, Egypt, Glycine(Fabaceae), Glycine max, North Africa, Africa, Mediterranean Region,Middle East, Developing Countries, Glycine (Fabaceae), Papilionoideae,Fabaceae, Fabales, dicotyledons, angiosperms, Spermatophyta, plants,eukaryotes, chemical constituents of plants, cultivated varieties, soilmoisture, soybeans, watering, Field Crops (FF005) (New March 2000),Plant Breeding and Genetics (FF020), Plant Water Relations (FF062),Plant Production (FF100), Fertilizers and other Amendments (JJ700)


Diabetes: Are Nuts Good for me?
Complete knowledge of 'Nuts' for diabetes
You must have heard this many a time - 'Are you nuts?'... a common phrase used to ask if one is crazy.
But have you ever thought why only nuts and nothing else?
It must be due to the characteristic roughness of the outer shell of nuts.
what is a nut?
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and a culinary sense, a wide variety of dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed.
Interesting History of nuts
- From old Anglo-Saxon literature to religious texts, nuts have been documented as sources of nutrition throughout history.
- Almonds and pistachios are mentioned by name in the bible, while other nuts can be found in works of Shakespeare.
- Nuts have been proven to be quality Sources of Proteins and healthy fats and are key drivers in weight loss.
- Many historians also believe modern agriculture began with the harvesting and storage of nuts.
Because of their predictable growth patterns and long storage life, nuts were the ideal crop for early civilizations.
- All of this evidence shows that nuts have been a staple in the human diet since the beginning of history.
Nuts and Diabetes
- There is a definite link between nuts and diabetes. Nuts play a crucial role in diabetes reversal.
- To explain logically, the main factor resulting in diabetes is Insulin Resistance.
- Insulin resistance is mainly caused due to acid and inflammation present in our body and nuts help in reducing acid and inflammation in our body.
- Amongst all the available nuts, almonds and walnuts are typically helpful in diabetes reversal. As compared to peanuts, pistachio, cashew, hazelnuts, and brazil nuts, almonds and walnuts have more alkanility.
- So they are very helpful in the process of reversal and are largely used for the same
Benefits of nuts
- Nuts are nutrient-dense food rich in fats and protein.
- They contain high-quality vegetable protein, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds.
- They also contain vitamins like tocopherols, folic acid, niacin, B6, and minerals like calcium and magnesium.
- Having them significantly reduces the incidence of heart disease, hypertension, cancer, and inflammation.
- They are very good for blood circulation.
- Having nuts in a controlled proportion can help with diabetes and insulin sensitivity.
In a life that is quite stressful and active, there are a lot of free radicals in your body as well as oxidative stress which produces a lot of inflammation. So to counteract this, nuts are very good. The most people miss about nuts is to soak them.
Why soak nuts?
- Nuts have phytic acid which binds to the minerals in the gastrointestinal tract thus hampering the absorption of minerals. By soaking nuts you break down the phytic acid so that minerals can be easily absorbed.
- Nuts also have high amounts of enzyme inhibitors making them hard to digest. Soaking nuts can neutralize the enzymes allowing their proper digestion. Brown peel of almond contains tannin which can inhibit nutrient absorption. Hence soak them, remove the peel and have them. Do not expose the peeled nuts for a long period is the only thing one has to keep in mind.
How much time should the nuts be soaked?
The nuts should be soaked for 7 hours or overnight with salt and water. Water will increase the bioavailability of many nutrients, especially B-vitamins. Salt helps activate enzymes that deactivate the enzyme inhibitors present in the nuts.
What is the ideal time to have nuts?
An ideal time for nut consumption is the evening time because it is the time when you consume an unhealthy snack. Instead of munching something unhealthy one can have nuts. Soaked nuts work as a good hunger suppressant and also have low GI.
How much quantity to eat?
- 4-5 soaked almonds and 2 soaked walnuts
- 8 cashew nuts once in a week
- 8-10 pistachios once in 10 days
- 10-15 soaked peanuts twice a week
Include nuts in your diet regime and see the difference! Did you find this blog to be interesting? We would know your feedback. Also, do let us know which other topic about diabetes-friendly foods you want us to cover in the future.
This Blog solely serves our marketing purposes, for Authentic knowledge for this topic, Please join our upcoming Discover Reversal Session


Electroencephalography (EEG) is the measurement of electric potentials at the scalp due to currents flowing through scalp tissue.
The strength and distribution of currents (and therefore potentials) reflects the intensity and position of activity in the underlying neural tissue.
EEG signal is measured between two electrodes, the position of which determines the recorded brain area. Multiple electrodes are typically placed in standard
arrangements that cover the entire scalp and allow investigators to observe the activity of the entire brain simultaneously.
EEG is typically recorded as a time-series of potential differences, which can be evaluated visually, or analyzed spectrally,
or through the use of source localization methods. The principal spectral components of EEG are divided into the following signal bands:
delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (above 12 Hz) and gamma (above 40 Hz). Many studies have related changes in various spectral components
of EEG to specific cognitive functions and clinical conditions.
In clinical settings, continuous EEG recordings are used for monitoring sleep and anesthesia, and diagnosis of epilepsy, coma, brain death, and more recently ADHD.
In research environments, EEG recordings are used in wide range of applications, including: neuroscience and cognitive psychology research into understanding brain function;
Brain-Computer Interfaces to allow control of computers or machines from neural signals; neurofeedback where users are able to train their brains to generate specific activity
patterns; neuromarketing where marketing companies seek to tap directly into brain signals to assess subjects’ engagement levels; neuroergonomics where researchers quantify mental
workload under various strains; gaming where EEG signals are used to control computer games and toys; etc.
Check out Wikipedia's entry on EEG for a more detailed introduction to EEG.
EEG Spectral Components
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In Kazakhstan, scientists have found clues to what may be causing a massive die-off of a severely endangered species of antelope.
Videos by Rare
NBC News reports that in May, geoecologist Steffen Zuther arrived at the steppes of central Kazakhstan to monitor a herd of saigas to learn that veterinarians had already found dead animals on the ground. While that was not necessarily cause for alarm, four days later, the entire herd of 60,000 had died. Similar crashes followed through early June, taking more than half of the country’s herd, which numbered 257,000 as of last year.
“The extent of this die-off, and the speed it had, by spreading throughout the whole calving herd and killing all the animals, this has not been observed for any other species,” Zuther said. “It’s really unheard of.”
Saigas are native to Kazakhstan, with smaller herds in Russia and Mongolia. The die-off started during the calving period. Workers took samples of the soil, rocks, water and plants in the area, and conducted necropsies on the animals. The females, they found, were the first to die, followed by the calves, which led researchers to believe the disease was transmitted through milk.
Tissue samples showed internal bleeding caused by bacterial toxins that typically don’t bother saigas unless they have immune issues. An environmental factor or some other natural variance may be at work, but Zuther said there’s no conclusion yet.
The saiga suffered large losses in the 1990s due to poaching, according to the Associated Press.


The cause of missing eyes can be either high incubator temperature or low oxygen some time from day 1 thru 6 of incubation - or both.
Wow!!!!! 163!!! How gorgeous. Would love to see a pic.
We had two hatch last year that were one eyed monsters. Missing eye on one side like yours and the other side had a massive bulging eye. They also had bad cross beaks. Ended up culling them as they couldn't eat or drink on their own. After 3 days of hand feeding with no improvement in independence we decided to cull.
Thanks for the pics. How gorgeous they all are. Most we have ever had at one time has been 17 quail and 17 chickens, not at the same time though. We only have a small incubator though, which only fits 24 chicken eggs and supposedly 60-70 quail eggs, but it didn't come with enough dividers to fit that many quail eggs in order to allow for the rolling. Have had up to 56 quail eggs in there though, but had a very poor hatch rate as they were shipped eggs and a lot weren't even fertile.


B-Raf inhibitor 1 dihydrochloride
B-Raf inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of B-Raf kinase with IC50 values of 0.31μM and 0.72μM for cell proliferation, respectively in A375 and HCT116 .
B-Raf is important in signal transduction and some mutant B-Raf occurs in cancer cells. The most common mutation of these is V600E, which makes B-Raf kinase constitutively active. B-Raf inhibitor 1 belongs to the type IIA inhibitors and binds to the DFG-out ATP-binding site of B-Raf. The selectivity of B-Raf inhibitor 1 is less than of other type inhibitors. Besides mutant B-Raf, it can also inhibit wild type B-Raf and other tyrosine kinase. In cells with wild type B-Raf, B-Raf inhibitor 1 can activate the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway via Raf dimerization. The preclinical toxicity test shows B-Raf inhibitor 1 can induce hyperplasia in a mouse model [1, 2].
 Wang X, Kim J. Conformation-specific effects of Raf kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2012 Sep 13;55(17):7332-41.
 Smith AL, DeMorin FF, Paras NA, Huang Q, Petkus JK, Doherty EM, Nixey T, Kim JL, Whittington DA, Epstein LF, Lee MR, Rose MJ, Babij C, Fernando M, Hess K, Le Q, Beltran P, Carnahan J. Selective inhibitors of the mutant B-Raf pathway: discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable aminoisoquinoline. J Med Chem. 2009 Oct 22;52(20):6189-92.
|Storage||Store at -20°C|
|Solubility||Soluble in DMSO|
|Shipping Condition||Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice.All other available size: ship with RT , or blue ice upon request|
|General tips||For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.|
|Description||B-Raf inhibitor 1 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of B-Raf with IC50 values of 0.31 μM and 2 nM for A375 proliferation and A375 p-ERK, respectively.|
|Targets||A375 proliferation||A375 p-ERK|
|IC50||0.31 μM||2 nM|


C.K.L.P. Batista, G.A.C. Brito, M.L.P. Souza, B.T.A. Leitão, F.Q. Cunha and R.A. Ribeiro. A model of hemorrhagic cystitis induced with acrolein in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39: 1475-1481.
Figure 2. Dose-dependent increase in bladder wet weight and Evans blue extravasation induced by intravesically administered acrolein (ACR). Bladder wet weight (A) and Evans blue extravasation (B), in untreated animals (C, control) and in animals injected intravesically 3 h earlier with acrolein (25, 75, 225 µg/bladder). Data are reported as means ± SEM (N = 6). *P < 0.05 compared with control (C) (ANOVA and Bonferroni test).


There are several types of angioedema, a disease marked by swelling underneath the skin and/or in mucus membranes.
The different angioedema types are distinguished mainly by their underlying cause. Some forms are triggered by allergic reactions, while others occur due to genetic mutations, a malfunction of the immune system, or as a side effect of certain medications.
During an allergic reaction, the body’s immune system mistakenly recognizes a harmless external substance as a potential threat. These substances may include foods (e.g., eggs, nuts, shellfish, milk), medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin) or certain antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), or latex.
When this happens, immune cells release an inflammatory signaling molecule called histamine which, among other effects, dilates blood vessels and increases their permeability, which can trigger swelling.
Swelling in acute allergic angioedema usually sets in within an hour of exposure to the allergen, the substance causing the allergic reaction, and it may last a day or two without treatment. Symptoms such as hives and itching are generally more common in this acute angioedema form than in other types of the disease.
HAE-causing mutations usually are inherited from an individual’s biological parents, though in rarer cases they can arise spontaneously in people who don’t have a family history of the condition. HAE is a dominant genetic disorder, meaning that a single faulty gene copy is sufficient to trigger its onset. HAE affects people of all sexes and races equally.
This type of angioedema generally manifests during childhood or early adulthood in the form of recurrent swelling attacks or episodes of abdominal pain that can last a few days. HAE attacks may be preceded by early signs — what’s called prodromal symptoms — that may include fatigue, muscle aches, and a kind of rash that’s not itchy called erythema marginatum. Unlike other forms of angioedema associated with allergic reactions, HAE is rarely accompanied by hives or itching.
HAE is divided into different types based on the specific disease-causing mutation a person carries. The most common, known as HAE types 1 and 2, are both caused by mutations in the SERPING1 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH).
The resulting deficiency in C1-INH activity leads to the excess production of a signaling molecule called bradykinin, which triggers swelling attacks.
HAE type 1
While HAE types 1 and 2 are both caused by mutations in the same gene, the consequences of those mutations on the C1-INH protein are distinct in each type. In HAE type 1, mutations in the SERPING1 gene impair protein production, causing the levels of C1-INH protein to dip too low. This is the most common form of HAE, accounting for 80% to 85% of all cases.
HAE type 2
HAE type 2 accounts for about 15% to 20% of all HAE cases. In contrast to HAE type 1, C1-INH levels are normal in HAE type 2, but the protein itself is faulty and unable to function properly, which also leads to reduced C1-INH activity.
HAE type 3
HAE type 3, sometimes called normal-C1-INH HAE, broadly encompasses all cases of HAE caused by mutations in genes other than SERPING1. These forms of HAE are much rarer than types 1 and 2, and aren’t so well understood. Unlike the two former types, C1-INH levels and activity are both normal in HAE type 3, and patients can only be diagnosed with genetic tests.
Some cases of HAE type 3 are associated with mutations in a gene called F12, which provides instructions for making a protein called coagulation factor 12 that normally helps produce bradykinin. HAE-associated mutations cause this protein to be overactive, increasing bradykinin levels and triggering swelling. HAE associated with F12 mutations predominantly affects women, though there also have been documented cases of male patients with this form of HAE.
Other cases of HAE type 3 may be associated with mutations in other genes, such as PLG and ANGPT1, but these remain incompletely understood.
Nonallergic angioedema, also known as drug-induced angioedema, refers to swelling that occurs as a side effect of certain medications.
This type of angioedema is most commonly associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, a class of medications that are commonly used to lower blood pressure but also can increase the levels of bradykinin.
Angioedema affects up to 2.5% of patients taking ACE inhibitors, and is more common among those of African descent. Patients taking ACE inhibitors should be aware of this potential risk, especially because swelling in the throat can block the airways and impair breathing, requiring immediate medical attention.
In rarer cases, nonallergic angioedema also may be associated with angiotensin receptor blockers, a class of medicines frequently used to treat high blood pressure. These medications include losartan (marketed as Cozaar and others) and valsartan (marketed as Diovan, among other brand names).
Angioedema symptoms generally manifest in the first weeks or months of treatment with the medication that triggers the condition, although they may arise much later. There is no specific diagnostic test to confirm the presence of this type of angioedema. Suspicion may be triggered if a patient shows signs of the condition and is known to have been taking medications that can cause angioedema as a side effect. In such cases, discontinuing treatment with that drug is recommended.
Idiopathic angioedema is a form of angioedema that lacks a specific known cause. This type of angioedema is diagnosed when a person experiences recurrent or chronic episodes of swelling, and all other possible angioedema causes have been ruled out. In up to half of the cases, idiopathic angioedema occurs in people with underlying autoimmune disorders, such as lupus.
Most people diagnosed with this disease form experience symptoms similar to those of allergy-related angioedema, where swelling is accompanied by other symptoms such as itching or hives and responds well to treatment with antihistamines. In rarer cases, idiopathic angioedema may be driven by bradykinin with symptoms similar to those of HAE.
Acquired angioedema (AAE) is similar to HAE type 1 in that it is marked by abnormally low levels of the C1-INH protein. But unlike HAE, where low C1-INH levels are caused by a genetic mutation that’s present from birth, AAE is marked by low C1-INH levels due to a condition that develops during a person’s lifetime. This type of angioedema is about 10 times rarer than HAE, with estimates indicating it may affect 1 out of every 100,000 to 500,000 people.
AAE can be divided into two subtypes, depending on its specific cause:
Type 1 AAE develops in people with underlying disorders where immune cells grow excessively (lymphoproliferative disorders), including some autoimmune diseases and cancers. The abnormal growth of these immune cells leads to the irregular activation of certain inflammatory proteins, including C1 — a protein that, as its name suggests, is normally inhibited by C1-INH. As the body tries to regulate C1 levels, C1-INH is spent, ultimately leading to abnormally low C1-INH levels and swelling.
Type 2 AAE occurs as a result of an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakes the C1-INH protein for an infectious threat and makes antibodies against it. This autoimmune attack ultimately prevents C1-INH from working as intended, setting the stage for swelling attacks.
Angioedema vs. hives
Angioedema and hives are forms of skin swelling. While angioedema is characterized by swelling in the deeper layers of the the skin, hives are marked by swelling that occurs in the superficial layers of the skin.
Angioedema and hives can co-occur in some cases and the presence or absence of hives in people with angioedema can be helpful in identifying the specific angioedema type a person has. For instance, hives commonly affect people experiencing forms of angioedema associated with allergies, but are comparatively rare in people with HAE.
In hives, also referred to as urticaria, swelling manifests in the form of circular, oval, or worm-like shape wheals of varying sizes on the surface of the skin. The affected areas are usually darker than the surrounding skin; on people with paler skin, hives typically appear pink or reddish, whereas in dark-skinned individuals they may look deep red or purple. A telltale sign of hives is that they are almost always itchy.
By contrast, swelling from angioedema is generally less defined than swelling from hives. Angioedema alone usually doesn’t cause dramatic skin discoloration or substantial itching, though areas affected by angioedema may feel warm, tender, or painful.
Angioedema News is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.


Spontaneous fluctuations in the electrical signals of the retina's photoreceptors impose a fundamental limit on visual sensitivity. While noise in the rods has been studied extensively, relatively little is known about the noise of cones. We show that the origin of the dark noise in salamander cones varies with cone type. Most of the noise in long wavelength-sensitive (L) cones arose from spontaneous activation of the photopigment, which is a million-fold less stable than the rod photopigment rhodopsin. Most of the noise in short wavelength-sensitive (S) cones arose in a later stage of the transduction cascade, as the photopigment was relatively stable. Spontaneous pigment activation effectively light adapted L cones in darkness, causing them to have a smaller and briefer dim flash response than S cones.


Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes conducts a walkathon in Tambaram on the
occasion of World Hypertension Day
India’s leading hospital in the field of Diabetology, Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes
Specialities Centre conducted a walkathon at their Tambaram Centre. With around 100 participants
from the public and their team, the one kilometre walkathon was held from Tambaram clinic to
Tambaram Velachery main road (UCCO BANK). Dr. Prasanna Kumar Gupta and Dr.J. Selva Kumar – Senior Consultants at Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre – Tambaram branch flagged off the
event and briefly spoke about the prevention and control of hypertension along with the aftereffects
of uncontrolled hypertension.
Elaborating further on the need to control the severity and long terms effects of Hypertension, Dr.
Prasanna Kumar Gupta and Dr.J. Selva Kumar – Senior Consultants – Diabetology at Dr. Mohan’s
Diabetes Specialties Centre – Tambaram branch expressed “Hypertension has always been an
extremely common co-morbid condition in diabetes, affecting approximately 20-60% of the
individuals with diabetes leading to complications in all populations and occurs with increasing
frequency with advancing age. Both disorders are potent independent risk factors for cardiovascular,
cerebral, renal, and peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease. Hypertension is more prevalent in
diabetic men than diabetic women below 50 years of age and more common in women thereafter.
One needs to be vigilant and cautious of the risk factors of hypertension in most countries like
diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary behaviour, alcohol, higher social class, salt intake and smoking
etc. Timely diagnosis, medication, regular check-ups, proper diet and healthy lifestyle needs to be on
top priority for countering Hypertension.”
Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre – Tambaram branch is located at Kalidasan Street in East
Tambaram and has all facilities for treatment and diagnosis of top class Diabetes care and


Experts study why a family from Switzerland has not fingerprints.
Thursday, August 9 2012
No fingerprints.- For generations, all members of a Suisse family are born without fingerprints, neither on their fingers tips nor on their palms and toes.
Now, a study published in the scientific magazine "The American Journal of Human Genetics" reveals that a strange mutation of the gen SMARCAD1 is the cause of these atypical cases. The study is based in a series of researches developed with the help of this Suisse family.
nvestigators have also concluded that this genetic mutation can contribute to the apparition of small problems such as lack of perspiration in the hands and feet.
The conclusions of this research remind us that it is still a long way ahead and many discoveries to come through in the fascinating world of human DNA.