Photo: Jumping Dolphin Sunset Scenery Pic
As though heralding the end of the day and celebrating a glorious sunset, this pic shows a Pacific White Sided dolphin jumping out of the water on a calm evening with beautiful Vancouver Island scenery in the background.
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Pic of a dolphin jumping out of the water at sunset with the Vancouver Island scenery in the background.
Pictures from photo gallery: "Dolphin Pictures"
A playful Pacific White Sided Dolphin jumping out of the waters of Johnstone Strait, backdropped by mountainous scenery during sunset makes for a great photo pic.
Northern Vancouver Island is an area steeped in beautiful scenery and a variety of wildlife including numerous species of marine mammals such as sea lions, whales, and dolphins. Eagles and bears also make Northern Vancouver Island their home.
Pacific White Sided Dolphin at sunset in Johnstone Strait off Northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
This picture is part of the photo album "Dolphin Pictures" - there are more beautiful images waiting for you.
Technical Information for this photo:
I photographed this photo with the digital SLR camera model Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, aperture of f/6.3, exposure time of 1/800 sec. on ISO 200, as always I used a original Canon Lens, the focus lenght for this picture was 235mm.
Jumping Dolphin Sunset Scenery Pic
Rolf Hicker Photography
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Australorp Bantam – Everything You Need to Know
Australorp bantam chickens are a miniature version of Australorp chickens. Bantam Australorp chickens are very friendly, weigh between 2-3 pounds, and can lay 5-6 eggs a week. With good care and a proper diet, these chickens can live up to 10 years.
From as early as 1000 CE, sailors would spend considerable time on the sea handling vessels or ocean combats. Unquestionably, these encounters played a significant role in introducing Bantam chickens to the world. The name was derived from a renowned seaport in Banten province, Indonesia.
The impressive story behind the Bantam chicken started when some sailors came across a tiny but beneficial local chicken within the seaport. Out of curiosity, they put them on board as a source of meat and for ornamental purposes.
Later, the term Banten was coined into Bantam and registered as an English name. Today we will define why raising Austalorps bantam chickens is never a wrong decision.
What is a Bantam Australorp Chicken?
A bantam chicken is a miniature size version of a particular variety. Most regular-sized fowls have a bantam equivalent. In other terms, bantams are chickens that share similar traits with standard-sized species but are smaller in posture.
When it comes to Bantam Austalorps, this refers to a miniature counterpart of the famous dual-purpose chicken breed from Australia. Records suggest that the Australorp bantams were first developed in England probably way before World War ll.
The brighter side is that they possess similar impressive qualities similar to regular Austalorps. This translates to a prolific production of meat and eggs. In addition, the petite birds have an admirable temperament that enables them to coexist peacefully with humans and other bird’s species.
Most novice farmers assume that Bantams may receive the worst form of the pecking order due to their small size. It is worth pointing out that the species are pretty hardy and comfortably manage to find their way to the top.
However, consider placing them with less aggressive species to prevent any ugly scenes. They also come in handy when it comes to insect control and the production of manure.
Bantam Australorp Chicken Characteristics
Below are vital characteristics of Austalorps bantam chickens.
– Size and Weight
Bantam chicken breeds sizes differ from one bird to another. Mainly they weigh at least 1/2 or 2/3 of a regular chicken. A healthy adult rooster can weigh about 2 to 2.7 pounds. On the other hand, hens weigh slightly less at approximately 1.7 to 2.3 pounds.
Bear in mind that the petite size is ideal for farmers with limited space. In truth, you can keep two tiny Bantams in an area occupied by one standard size chicken. Still, you may have to feed them less food because of their small anatomy.
There is a higher chance that such an arrangement may bore many desirable results. After all, you may end up spending less money on chicken feed and habitat maintenance.
Regardless of their size or plumage color, all Australorps are hardy creatures that withstand most fowl ailments. Moreover, rarely would you come across an Australorp bird with physical defects like twisted beaks. Often, it is never easy to pinpoint exact infections in poultry because there is a whole load of potential culprits.
Luckily, most fowl diseases are treatable, which is crucial in prolonging your bird’s life. Common diseases you should be on the lookout for include Air suck disease, Coccidiosis, Bumblefoot, Botulism, Bronchitis, Fowl cholera, Fowl pox, New castle, and Marek disease.
The brighter side is that healthy Australorp Bantam can enjoy a long life of 6-10 years. To achieve this, ensure that the birds live in clean enclosures to minimize contamination.
One outstanding feature about Australorps is their docile and gentle disposition. Be wary that the birds can become excessively attached to their keepers.
However, this nature enables them to live comfortably either in rural or urban settings. Above all, they are perfect around young children because of their meek and pleasant personalities.
– Egg Laying
Subject to nutrition and environment, your pullets may produce the first egg from 18 weeks. Unless you want to breed your birds, a rooster is not always needed in the process. Note that eggs produced without roosters are not fertilized and are only ideal for your kitchen recipes.
After the first egg, the hens may produce tiny uneven eggs known as fart eggs. It might take a couple of weeks for the production to normalize. Altogether, your petite bird friends are excellent layers who can produce up to 300 eggs annually.
Australorp Bantam Rooster vs Hen
Differentiating between a bantam male and a female chick is never easy, especially to novice farmers. Nevertheless, when they grow bigger, roosters become physically bigger and develop distinctive narrow plumage.
Also, you may notice pointed tips on the feathers around the shoulders and necks. What is more, roosters have taller and more vibrant red combs. Additionally, roosters have more prominent wattles which hang loosely around the beaks.
Where to Buy Australorp Bantam Chickens?
With several fraud chicken breeders coming up, it is vital to buy your chicks from reliable sources. Still, you can tell a pure Australorp by its well-rounded body and featherless legs.
The birds also have an erect posture with the tail standing firm. Keep following as we define where to find the first-rate Bantam chickens for your backyard.
– Certified Breeders
The fundamental objective of a chicken breeding program is to raise the standard of birds produced. It requires an expert to start and accomplish the task at hand while following the ethics given by the law. For this reason, only buy chicks from vetted breeders to increase the chance of raising prolific breeds.
– Forums and Facebook Groups
An upsurge of digital platforms undeniably enables farmers to find reliable breeders using the latest technology. The beauty of technological advancement is the availability of instant reviews from previous customers. That way, you may not have to worry much about buying substandard species.
– Local Hatcheries
Dependable chicken hatcheries incubate thousands of healthy eggs for the market. The advantage of this approach is that you are guaranteed nothing but high-quality chickens because of the top-notch production mechanisms used.
Thankfully, online presence makes it less complicated to contact the nearest hatchery in your area. With a touch of the dial, you can have healthy, robust chicks deliv delivered to your doorstep real fast.
Breeding and raising Bantams can be a lucrative and fun business idea. You see, the tiny bids eat less and require minimal space.
Most importantly, they are hardy and likely to survive life-threatening chicken ailments and are impressively productive.


Flashcards in CVA Deck (36):
What is a Cerebrovascular Disease? CVA
Define what a CVA is. What is it? What is it due to?
an acute neurological deficit d/t ischemia
If a CVA is an acute neurological deficit d/t ischemia, what does this mean in regards to perfusion to the brain?
Lack of perfusion to the brain.
There are 2 Types of CVAs. Name them and explain what it is.
1. Ischemic CVA
- obstructed or occluded vessel causing lack of perfusion to the brain tissue
2. Hemorrhagic CVA
- vessel severed in cranium --> hemorrhage --> brain compression
Ischemic CVA: the vessel can be occluded why? (2)
The risks for CVA
1. Modifiable (5)
2. Unmodifiable (4)
1. HTN, atherosclerosis, Hyperlipiedmia, DM, Smoking
2. Aging, males, prior strokes, familial history
If the modifiable risk factors for CVA are managed, can a stroke be avoided?
The patho for CVA involves the brain being sensitive to what two things?
Can the brain utilize anarerobic metabolism?
Oxygen and glucose
The brain relies on aerobic metabolism for ATP
What are the two forms of stroke?
1. Ischemic CVA
2. Hemorrhagic CVA
Explain the patho for Ischemic CVA:
Occlusion of the vessel --> focal ischemia --> necrotic core (dead tissue which will have loss of function) --> pneumbra around the necrotic core (tissue that is lacking perfusion but still alive) --> penumbra will become smaller and necrotic core bigger if there is not an intervention to increase the blood supply to the brain
What does focal ischemia mean?
What does global ischemia mean?
1 hemisphere affected
Most of the brain is obstructed (BIG PROBLEM!)
1. Explain the patho for Hemorrhagic CVA:
2. What usually causes this? (4)
3. What are the two complications from this?
1. severed vessel --> hemorrhaging --> compression
2. Htn and ageing (also aneurysms and tumors)
3. Coma and death
is this a large or mini stroke?
Transient Ischemic Attack
Transient Ischemic Attack: what is occuring to the neurological deficit? d/t what?
acute, brief, neurological deficit d/t acute focal ischemia
1. Is a TIA reversible?
2. Is the ET/Patho of TIA similar to CVA?
3. Does a TIA involve a necrotic core? Penumbra?
3. No nectrotic core, yes penumbra
Why would a TIA have a pneumbra?
The tissue is not being properly perfused, but there is no necrosis occuring.
Does a TIA involve permanant damage?
If you have a TIA, what does this do for your risk of future TIA's or strokes?
Increases the risk
The manifestations for CVA depend on what?
Are the mnfts an acute onset?
the location, size of vessel, and area of brain distal to the vessel
Yes they are an acute onset
The mnfts for a CVA in the left hempishere would present in the right side of a patient. Why?
D/t to the decaustation of the pyramids, the fibers cross over.
What are the 3 main symptoms of a CVA?
1. Unilateral weakness or numbness in face, arm, and or leg (1 or more)
2. Speech alteration
3. Altered vision in 1 eye
How is CVA Dx (3)
3. MRI/CT scans
What labs are looked at for CVA? (3)
CBC, INR, lipids
1. Why assess the INR?
2. Why assess the lipids?
1. Clotting time (for TPA)
2. Hyperlipedima can lead to atherosclerosis
What is the electroencephogram looking at?
Conductivity of the brain tissue
What is the MRI/CT scan looking for?
Differentiating between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic stroke
The treatment for strokes main focus is to preserve AND salvage what?
What is the Stat treatment for Ischemic stroke.
ASA (antiplatelet) 160 mg, then taper down
What is the purpose of administering the antiplatelet?
Not allowing platelets to aggregate
When would TPA be given to a patient?
When they meet the criteria and it is an ischemic stroke.
The treatment for CV risk factors includes what? (2)
statins to decrease cholesterol
antihypertensives to decrease BP
Sx for stenosis for patients with ischemic stroke. What is this procedure called? what is the time frame post stroke for it to be done?
Carotid endoarterectomy done within 2 weeks of CVA
What would the stenosis be?
Narrowing of the blood vessel d/t atherosclerosis
To prevent recurrence involves what? (2)
Reducing risk factors
Blood thinners to prevent thrombus reappearing
Would a blood thinner ever be given to a patient experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke?
Nope you crazy lady.


Chronic diseases or inflammatory processes in the liver can lead to fatty liver and destroy tissue in the process. Liver cells are then replaced by functionless connective tissue. The result: The liver can no longer or only partially perform their tasks in metabolism and detoxification. Such cirrhosis of the liver is irreversible and life threatening in the terminal stages. Cirrhosis affects more than twice as many men as women.
Causes of cirrhosis
Almost every chronic liver disease can lead to liver cirrhosis. In about half of the cases chronic alcohol abuse is the cause. About one third of those affected are based on chronic viral hepatitis.
Rarer causes are, for example, autoimmune diseases in the area of the liver-located biliary tract, which lead to constant inflammatory reactions, and metabolic diseases such as Wilson's disease or hemochromatosis, in which copper or iron are stored in the liver and lead to cell death.
Cirrhosis: symptoms and consequences
The liver cirrhosis itself usually causes symptoms only relatively late; Depending on the first complaints of the underlying disease are in the foreground. The symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver result from the limited performance of the liver.
The main consequences are an altered protein and hormone balance, the accumulation of toxic substances such as ammonia in the blood, which also reach the brain and damage it (hepatic encephalopathy), as well as an increase in pressure in the portal vein. Since the blood is difficult to flow through the scarred shrinkage of the liver, it creates bypasses, which in turn can lead to life-threatening bleeding in the area of the esophagus. In addition, liver cirrhosis increases the risk of liver cancer.
The leading complications of liver cirrhosis include:
- General symptoms: decreased performance, fatigue, weight loss
- Skin abnormalities: vascular spider (Spider naevi), lacerated lips and tongue, reddened palms, white nails, vein extensions under the abdominal skin (signs of a bypass circulation)
- Bleeding tendency, but also a coagulation tendency is possible
- Ascites: distended abdomen, possibly with pressure and upper abdominal pain
- Hormonal disorders: loss of libido, male breast and bald head baldness (loss of male hair on the abdomen), in women menstrual disorders
- Jaundice (jaundice) with yellow discoloration of the skin and conjunctiva as well as severe itching
- Signs of brain disorders: Disorientation, memory problems, mental retching or mood swings, inappropriate behavior, later impaired consciousness to unconsciousness (liver failure coma)
During the examination, for example during palpation or ultrasound, the liver appears enlarged at the beginning as a result of the disease processes. If the cirrhosis of the liver progresses, the liver shrinks as a result of the scarring changes, and it becomes small, firm and tubercular.
Diagnosis of cirrhosis
In order to diagnose liver cirrhosis, the typical symptoms and findings in the physical examination often suffice. Laboratory examinations, ultrasound and laparoscopy or liver biopsy are performed to look for causes, to assess the stage of cirrhosis and to plan the therapy.
A gastroscopy is used to check whether or not there are potentially life-threatening circulatory circuits of the blood vessels known as esophageal varices on the esophagus.
Therapy of cirrhosis
Once changed liver tissue can not be reconverted into functional liver cells. Therefore, the primary goal of the therapy is to reduce the progression of cirrhosis. First, therefore, is the treatment of the underlying disease. In addition, it is imperative to avoid substances that can further damage the liver - especially alcohol, but also drugs that are often detoxified via the liver. In addition, a diet adapted to liver cirrhosis makes sense.
In addition, the symptoms and possible complications of cirrhosis of the liver are treated. Thus, ascites is reduced by means of medication or abdominal puncture, or bleeding from esophageal spasm veins is stopped with a reflection. In some cases, a non-dangerous shunt operation is performed in which an artificial bypass of the portal vein system is created. This portosystemic shunt protects against varicose bleeding but increases the risk of liver coma.
In some cases liver function can be restored by liver transplantation. However, due to some exclusion criteria, such as alcohol dependence, many sufferers are out of the question.
Cirrhosis: course and life expectancy
Life expectancy in cirrhosis depends firstly on the cause, on the other hand on how far the cirrhosis of the liver has progressed and how well it can prevent its exacerbation. If nothing is done or if, for example, the liver is further damaged by alcohol, the cirrhosis of the liver ends in death in months to a few years. The most frequent cause of death is bleeding from esophageal varicose veins, followed by hepatic coma and combined liver and kidney failure (hepatorenal syndrome).
To estimate the prognosis, doctors use the Child Pugh score. With its help, liver cirrhosis is divided into stages (Child 1 to Child 3). Relevant are five criteria (three laboratory values as well as the ascites and the severity of the brain disorders), for each of which a score of 1 to 3 is awarded. The higher the score achieved (maximum 15), the lower the life expectancy.


Determination of the sizes of fundamental repetitive sequences for the identification of core elements. (A) The distribution of 16,872 repetitive sequences. Four small peaks at 3, 3.6, 4.1, and 6–8.1 kbp are indicated by arrows. (B) The minimal lengths of the extracted repetitive sequences are plotted against the coverage ratio as a red line. The maximum lengths of the repetitive sequences are plotted against the coverage ratio as a blue line. The red line shows that SD13M is covered almost completely (>96%) by the extracted repetitive sequences, and the broken red line shows that 94% of SD13M is covered by repetitive sequences larger than 3 kbp. The broken blue line shows that most of SD13M (>94%) is covered by repetitive sequences smaller than 4.5 kbp. (C) The minimum lengths of the regions shared when two repetitive sequences were aligned are plotted against the number of sequences in which such regions are shared. The broken red line shows that 92% of pairs share 2.7 kbp of consensus sequences, whereas the broken blue line shows that 14% of pairs share 4.5 kbp of consensus sequences.


Best moveset for Yanmega
The green moves benefit from the Same Type Attack Bonus and deliver 20% more damage.
Yanmega is a huge, dark green dragonfly. Its enormous crimson eyes are framed by black lines that form a sideways “T” shape. Next to its little mouth, it bears two huge, white fangs or mandibles. Its massive jaw strength enables it to chomp enemies apart while flying at tremendous speeds. Yanmega’s segments each have a red spot, and the final tail segment has a black triangular plate. It has two plates like these on the rear of its thorax and a third on the top of its head. Yanmega has six tiny black legs. It has four white, round wings with crimson ends and two smaller white wings at the tip of its tail.
By flapping its wings, Yanmega may generate shock waves. These tremendous shock waves may cause catastrophic harm to the adversary. Yanmega’s wings are strong enough to transport an adult person. Yanmega is an uncommon species that may be found in woodland and marshy environments. It has a powerful jaw and can bite off the heads of its victims while flying at great speeds. Yanmega normally targets the prey’s weakest point, expending minimal energy in the process. Yanmega is reported to be an incredibly ferocious Pokémon, demanding a great deal of guts to tame this angry beetle.
Yanmega is part of a two-member family.


Gardening club is continuing this term.
What has been going on?
Some of us were very shocked at how much had grown over the holidays!
Last week we planted some sweetcorn and marrows for the greenhouse.
Some of us worked in pairs to plant peas straight into the ground as the ground and weather are now warm enough for seeds to grow and hopefully survive.
We also transplanted some lettuce which we had grown from seed.
We are hoping that the Chopwell rabbits don't gobble them all up!
There was also much more weeding to be done.
It seems to be never ending but at least we will all have much stronger muscles at the end of it.
There will be opportunities to buy produce from the garden at the upcoming Sports Day and Summer Fayre - fingers crossed!
We desperately need to make some money to put in the gardening pot, so we hope you will support us!


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Circulating histones exacerbate inflammation in mice with acute liver failure.
|Title||Circulating histones exacerbate inflammation in mice with acute liver failure.|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2013|
|Authors||Wen Z, Liu Y, Li F, Ren F, Chen D, Li X, Wen T|
|Journal||Journal of cellular biochemistry|
|Date Published||2013 Oct|
Circulating histones are a newly recognized mediator implicated in various inflammatory diseases. It is likely that the release of histones, from dying hepatocytes or inflammatory leukocytes, into the circulation initiates and amplifies inflammation during the course of acute liver failure (ALF). In this study, we investigated a putative pathogenic role of circulating histones in a murine model of ALF induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hepatic function and histological indexes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, hepatocyte apoptosis and the levels of circulating histone were measured in GalN/LPS-treated mice. GalN/LPS caused severe liver damage and a notable increase in plasma concentration of circulating histones. To further assess the role of circulating histones in our model, we administered exogenous histones and anti-histone H4 antibody. Notably, exogenous histones aggravated GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity, whereas anti-histone antibody significantly protected mice. Circulating histones may serve as both a functional marker of ALF activity and as an inflammatory mediator contributing to the progression of ALF. Blockade of circulating histones shows potent protective effects, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for ALF.
|Alternate Journal||J. Cell. Biochem.|


2Joint Russian-French Research Laboratory LIA1066, Russia, France
3Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
4Institute Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France; fax: +33(0)142-115494
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received May 8, 2014
The α- and β-globin gene domains are a traditional model for study of the domain organization of the eucaryotic genome because these genes encode hemoglobin, a physiologically important protein. The α-globin and β-globin gene domains are organized in completely different ways, while the expression of globin genes is tightly coordinated, which makes it extremely interesting to study the origin of these genes and the evolution of their regulatory systems. In this review, the organization of the α- and β-globin gene domains and their genomic environment in different taxonomic groups are comparatively analyzed. A new hypothesis of possible evolutionary pathways for segregated α- and β-globin gene domains of warm-blooded animals is proposed.
KEY WORDS: α- and β-globin gene domains, gene expression, evolution


. Mosquito's saliva is the main fundamental elements in the acquisition of human blood by mosquito, mosquito's saliva inhibit blood hemostatic response, the influx of saliva also may stimulate the mechanism for effector formation of the host, also in this process we may find some microorganism transmission. By knowing on how the components of mosquito's saliva process in stimulating our immune system, we could ensure the mechanism for pathogens and emerging diseases in our body. Flow Cytometry method used for detecting whether increased concentration of the saliva gland extract (SGE) affecting the proliferation and development of dendritic cells from bone marrow or not, while for the effect of SGE on lymphocytes is using colorimetric test. The concentration response curve was made to see the effect of SGE on Ae. aegypti cells (DC) and lymphocytes. The proliferation of DC from bone marrow precursor, its development and its function were not directly influenced by SGE of Ae. aegypti (concentration of 2.5 to 40μg/mL). While the results of SGE effects on lymphocytes showed that lymphocytes are extremely sensitive to saliva components. Based on the data, it was concluded that lymphocytes are potential to be a target for the main components of Ae. aegypti saliva compared to its dendritic cells.


Alloy Therapeutics, a biotechnology ecosystem company, is proud to announce a new collaboration with Lundbeck, a global pharmaceutical powerhouse specializing in brain diseases. Together, they seek to discover novel biologics therapies that could revolutionize the way we treat brain diseases. With the combined expertise of both companies, they are confident they can make a real difference in the lives of those living with these illnesses.
Lundbeck has forged an alliance with Alloy to gain access to its innovative Antibody Discovery Services and SeqImmune™ discovery module – a sequence-first workflow for quickly and efficiently capturing early repertoires and creating maximum initial diversity.
Since 2020, Lundbeck and Alloy have been deepening their relationship through the licensing of Alloy’s ATX-Gx™ humanized transgenic mouse platform, providing Lundbeck with complementary capabilities to enhance its biologics discovery efforts. Together, the two companies are striving to make groundbreaking advancements in the field.
We are thrilled to partner with Alloy to bring our internal scientific expertise to the forefront of biologics discovery. Alloy’s innovative mindset and dedication to the success of its partners has left us impressed, and we look forward to combining our capabilities to create inspiring results.
In 2017, Alloy set out to revolutionize the way pre-competitive biologics discovery technologies and expertise are accessed, with the aim of making it easier for the global scientific community to develop better medicines together. Their ATX-Gx platform was the first step in this mission, and was soon followed by the launch of the Antibody Discovery Service, providing scientists with a comprehensive solution for outsourcing their biologics discovery needs.
At Alloy, we are dedicated to helping our partners find the best possible therapeutic antibodies for their target and providing them with a comprehensive data package to ensure optimal results.
To make the process even more successful, we offer additional value-add services such as machine-learning-driven affinity maturation and optimization, bispecific engineering, translational medicine, and advanced antibody production. With our Antibody Discovery Service, you can be sure that you are getting the best antibodies for your target.
Alloy is passionate about pushing the boundaries of innovation and is committed to reinvesting 100 percent of its revenue back into fueling progress. By doing so, they are constantly innovating and upgrading the technologies used in their discovery campaigns, making them more efficient and reliable than ever before.
Biotherapeutic Discovery at Lundbeck is devoted to restoring the brain to its optimal state. Our cutting-edge research is centred around finding antibodies and biologics that can treat brain diseases effectively. We understand the delicate nature of the brain, which is why we demand only the highest quality drug lead candidates to meet our rigorous standards.
TheATX-Gx platform, equipped with SeqImmune’s discovery module, holds the promise of uncovering highly diverse antibody repertoires, which is essential for finding the few potential drug leads. According to Allan Jensen, Vice President Biotherapeutic Discovery at Lundbeck, this capability is key for successful drug development.
Our partnership with Lundbeck is a testament to our commitment to supporting the global scientific community in their efforts to create the most effective treatments for patients. We are honored that Lundbeck has placed their trust in us and chosen to expand our collaboration by utilizing our SeqImmune antibody discovery workflow. We are proud to have been working with Lundbeck for years to develop our platform technology.
About Alloy Therapeutics
At Alloy Therapeutics, we’re committed to revolutionizing the global scientific community’s ability to make medicines that make a difference. We bring together a diverse network of academic, biotech, and pharmaceutical partners to provide access to pre-competitive resources and technologies.
Our unique Innovation Subscriptions give partners access to all current and future innovations for a flat annual fee. We reinvest 100% of our revenue in innovation and access to innovation, so everyone can benefit from the latest breakthroughs. Join us on our mission to make a lasting impact in the field of biotechnology.
About H. Lundbeck A/S
For over seven decades, H. Lundbeck A/S (LUN.CO, LUN DC, HLUYY) has been a leader in neuroscience research and solutions for brain diseases. We are passionate about restoring brain health for everyone, so that everyone can achieve their best. Our commitment to this cause is unwavering, and we strive to make a positive impact on the lives of people living with brain diseases all over the world.
At NeuroScience, we strive to create a world without stigma or discrimination against those living with brain diseases. We are dedicated to discovering and developing treatments to help make a positive impact on brain health conditions.
Our research teams are tackling some of the most challenging issues in neuroscience, while our production facilities in Denmark, France, and Italy are working to bring forward transformative treatments. With research facilities in both Denmark and the United States, we are committed to making a difference for those living with a brain disease.


Linking Spatial and Temporal Scales in Paleoecology and Ecology
Andrew S. Cohen, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
James Brown, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Dale Springer, Department of Geography and Earth Science, University of Bloomburg, Bloomburg, Pennsylvania
Peter Holterhoff, Houston, Texas
The GSA Penrose Conference , "Linking Spatial and Temporal Scales in Paleoecology and Ecology," was held in Solomons, Maryland, May 1418, 1998. This conference was cosponsored by the Paleontological Society and the Ecological Society of America. It brought together 76 paleoecologists and ecologists from eight countries to consider how ecological interpretation and synthesis are affected by the spatial and temporal scale at which data are collected and models are constructed. This conference provided an exciting venue for members of the earth and biological sciences communities to look for common scientific ground, and to identify interdisciplinary research directions that will cross the traditional boundaries between the fields of paleontology and ecology. Owing to the diverse background of the participants, the conveners organized the meeting around a series of activities intended to maximize cross-disciplinary interaction. Field trips, dedicated poster sessions, and panel discussions were emphasized throughout the meeting, whereas formal talks were used primarily to introduce general topics and provide fodder for conversation.
The first day of the conference was an all-day field trip examining the Virginia Coastal Reserve-Long Term Ecological Research Site (LTER), located along the barrier islands, coastal marshes and beaches of eastern Virginia, on the Delmarva Peninsula. This trip was organized by Bruce Hayden, and run by John Porter, Ray Dueser, Aaron Mills, Linda Blum, Bob Christian, and Michael Fenster. The premeeting field trip served to introduce the themes of the conference, through an understanding of the evolution of the coastal ecosystem of Virginia at varying temporal and spatial scales, and through discussion of how physical processes (tectonism, eustasy, and sediment supply) interact with ecosystem development at varying scales. The formation of an Eocene impact crater, centered on what is now southern Chesapeake Bay, set the stage for subsequent ecological events, whose effects are still being felt today. A combination of long-term relative subsidence in the southern Delmarva Peninsula associated with crater-induced structures, along with both low sediment supply and eustatic sea-level rise, is creating a rapid modern relative sea-level rise of ~3mm/yr along this coast. A primary function of the Virginia Coastal LTER is to monitor the effect of this sea-level rise, as it induces forest die-backs, transgressive salt marsh migration, and the formation of new storm flooding surfaces in what were previously forested coastal regions. Field trip participants also saw how human-induced change (changing agricultural methods and conversion of economic bases) is playing out in the context of this environmental change. In the afternoon, the field trip moved south, across the Chesapeake Bay Bridge to Cape Henry. Here, less than 50 km south of the LTER sites, a progradational Holocene coastline is developing, under the combined influence of considerably greater sediment input and lower subsidence rates. Formation of a succession of shoreward-migrating beach ridges has sequentially caused the development of bald cypress swamps in the swales between ridges. Changes in the scale and rate of landscape evolution during beach migration has caused vegetational zones to also migrate at varying rates.
Day two of the conference marked the beginning of the formal sessions. Convener Andy Cohen introduced the background and themes of the conference. Ecological processes occur over a vast range of spatial and temporal scales, and it is increasingly evident that our perception of how these processes and changes play out is dependent on the scales at which we observe them, as well as our scientific and cultural differences. "Deep Time" (i.e., pre-Quaternary) paleoecologists, Quaternary paleoecologists, and neoecologists collect observations and generate theory at variable scales and with variable information bases. Can these observations be synthesized by common methodology and theory, or are there fundamental discontinuities crossing between scales? The morning's speakers confronted these issues through introductions to the various approaches to ecological understanding employed today. Mike Rosenzweig gave an introduction to large-scale ecological patterns and our current understanding of what these patterns signify in terms of dynamics at the regional and global level. Advances in statistical methods have greatly improved our ability to assess patterns of diversity in biotas, particularly with regard to species that are relatively rare. Convener Jim Brown presented a series of neoecological data sets gleaned from a variety of temporal and spatial scales, in an attempt to clarify for the paleoecologists in the audience the complexities in understanding pattern and its mechanistic interpretation. Richard Bambach gave participants an overview of the fossil record. He framed this discussion around a dichotomy of those processes and patterns that are familiar to both paleoecologists and neoecologists, and those that are only evident from the vantage point of long time intervals that paleoecologists can observe. Karl Flessa attacked the thorny question of temporal resolution in the fossil record. Paleoecology is only recently moving away from a long interlude of hand wringing over the problems taphonomy and time averaging of fossil faunas pose for paleoecology, to a realization that the fossil record can be resolved much better than traditionally thought and that time averaging isn't all bad news. Roy Plotnick discussed the roles of models and modeling in paleoecology, considering their potential for providing linkages between scales. He also showed the importance of a solid grounding in biological understanding in which to embed the development of theory, and the misinterpretations that may await modelers who don't have this grounding.
Poster presentations that followed the morning talks emphasized the general theme of data acquisition in paleoecology and ecology. Posters provided an opportunity for participants to better understand the nature of data sets from fields in which they may have had little prior experience, as well as seeing how such data are manipulated statistically by other fields. Posters emphasized a wide variety of ecological subjects, including patterns of diversity or community structure data at varying scales, taphonomic effects of scaling interpretations, and body-size dynamics at varying scales and their relationship to evolution and climate. Two panel discussions were convened following each of the poster sessions of the day. Panel discussions allowed a different group of participants than those who had just spoken or presented posters to comment on what had been presented and to field questions from the general audience. This activity, which continued throughout the meeting, proved a highly successful and stimulating way to generate excitement about what had been covered up to that point. There was a buzz in the air following the first day's panel sessions, as participants recognized the great potential for cross-disciplinary research efforts that might arise by linking the perspectives of paleoecologists and ecologists around common research questions. For example, participants pondered how analogous time and space really are in ecology, whether time averaging is really a problem or, in fact an opportunity, what other types of issues besides diversity we should be considering in terms of temporal and spatial scaling, and at what conceptual levels paleoecology and ecology might interact. That evening, Jim Reichman from the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) gave an after-dinner talk on how his center works, and its eagerness to entertain innovative proposals for sabbatical visits and collaborative workshops spanning the boundary between paleoecology and ecology.
On the third day, the conference moved to a detailed discussion of community structure and stability. Participants got down to considering major and contentious issues concerning the dynamics of diversity change and community structure over varying time and space scales. Linda Ivany and Carl Brett presented their case for coordinated stasis in the fossil record. This idea postulates that large assemblages of marine benthic organisms evolve at about the same time, co-occur over millions of years, and then simultaneously undergo extinction. Ivany reviewed evidence from the Devonian of New York and the Eocene of the U.S. Gulf Coast that suggests that benthic assemblages persisted over 18 Ma time intervals, even in the face of sea-level fluctuations. Mark Patzkowsky argued against the coordinated stasis model based on his work on similar Paleozoic ecosystems. In the Ordovician of the eastern United States he finds that species turnover largely corresponds to pulses of environmental change, and that significant extinction and origination events are not always simultaneous. Background turnover within stratigraphic units seems to be much higher than what has been reported by Brett, Ivany, and others. These divergent views lead to the question of how common patterns of individualistic vs. coordinated change really are, and to what extent our perception of these patterns are regulated by the temporal resolution of individual data sets and the episodicity of environmental change. Russ Graham and Steve Jackson both made a case for individualistic responses in explaining community composition in the Quaternary, in particular the occurrence of "no modern analog" biotas. Graham argued for using the Quaternary as a bridge between the deep paleoecological record and modern ecology. He noted that in the Quaternary, temporal resolution is now good enough that although he can't say that two individuals of co-occurring "no-analog" species saw each other "eyeball to eyeball," they can be linked within 50 years in time. Both Graham and Jackson emphasized that patterns of individualistic change should not be confused with a notion of random association. Jackson argued for a greater understanding of potential yet unrealized niche space in organisms that may well explain these "anomalous" communities. Fred Grassle gave the conferees a fascinating glimpse into the species diversity and community composition in the deep sea. Although our understanding of this environment is limited by the difficulties involved in obtaining broad spatial and temporal coverage, it is evident that deep-sea organisms are highly diverse and their distributions very patchy. Even small-scale environmental heterogeneities, such as the deposition of a log, can create habitat patches with distinctive characteristics that persist for many years.
Afternoon posters and panel sessions and the evening lecture continued exploring the themes of structure and stability, with greater attention to details of changes across scale boundaries. Questions tackled included: (1) Do "rules" exist in ecology, either within scales or transcending scale boundaries? (2) How analogous are time and space in ecology? (3) How does scaling affect our understanding of other issues such as body size structure in communities? (4) To what extent do terminological differences impede understanding between ecologists and paleoecologists? This point was illustrated by Joan Roughgarden in a discussion of the meaning of "stability." Jack Sepkoski discussed patterns of global marine biotic organization, building on his earlier compilation analyses of Phanerozoic diversity patterns. He presented the problems of decomposing Phanerozoic marine diversity as a "chicken or egg" problem. Are the dominant controls at the local or regional level building up to creating a global pattern, or are there global controls on diversity that filter down to the local level? Both panel discussions and informal conversations on this day and the next day generated a lively discussion of specific research questions that might be usefully pursued by small working groups as followups to the conference, and the general excitement level surrounding this discussion led many to view the Penrose conference as but the first step in what could become an ongoing dialog among ecologists and paleoecologists with similar research question interests. There was considerable discussion of how working groups might continue the dialog through a series of NCEAS-type workshops.
A field trip on the fourth day to the well-known Miocene Calvert Cliffs, led by Patricia Kelley and Susan Kidwell, provided an opportunity for the participants to consider, on the outcrop, many of the scaling, data collection, and taphonomic issues confronting paleo-ecologists that had been discussed over the last few days. Kidwell and Kelley gave detailed talks on the depositional setting of the marginal marine and shelf outcrops visited, the taphonomic context of the fossils (which varies in significant ways related to sea-level fluctuations along the Atlantic coastal margin), and the paleoecological problems currently or previously under study. The Miocene deposits of this region have been the focus of intensive investigations on the interface between ecology and evolution, most notably concerning processes of predator-prey interactions over time, and the tempo and mode of evolutionary change. Ecologists attending the meeting with little prior paleo-ecological experience gained a great deal of insight into the practical considerations of sampling.
An evening lecture on the fourth day by Mark Westoby looked at ecomorphic classification schemes for plants and plant communities. Westoby put forward a new classification scheme which characterizes various aspects of total leaf size, plant height, and seed size. The expression of all of these features involves fundamental ecological compromises across environmental gradients of moisture and nutrient availability. Some, though probably not all of these variables, could in principle be measured for fossil plants, thereby extending the comparative value of Westoby's scheme from strictly between floras or regions to cross time periods.
On the final day of the conference the theme of relationships between scales was more thoroughly explored. Joan Roughgarden looked at the evidence for linkage across scales in the recruitment and growth of intertidal barnacle communities. She demonstrated that local or patch scales of benthic intertidal adult barnacle and starfish interactions are strongly mediated by the vastly different scale over which planktonic barnacle larvae are dispersed and subsequently recruited to the benthos as adults. The latter results from oceanic current circulation and migration of Ekman transport systems with respect to the coastline. David Jablonski looked at the evolution of onshore to offshore trends in the origination of major benthic invertebrate biotas. He asked what upward or downward effects may influence this pattern. After showing that these patterns are not artifactual, resulting from taphonomic biases, he proceded to demonstrate that the dynamics of invasion at the higher, ordinal level differ in substantive ways from what is observed at lower hierarchical levels. Bill DiMichele discussed some of the scaling problems involved in understanding the evolution of terrestrial floras. Ecomorphic exploration of plant form and habitat preference on the broadest levels are strongly linked to phylogeny in plants. Although turnover may occur at lower taxonomic scales during the evolution of a flora, the fundamental character of a plant community with respect to more inclusive clades remains remarkably stable over long geologic time intervals. Community assembly "rules" may change through the history of a clade, and incumbency limits the degree to which new floras can invade an ecosystem. Arnie Miller reviewed the nature of the global Ordovician radiation of marine invertebrates, moving from global down to regional scales. Miller showed that an apparent global diversification event, when dissected into its component parts, is actually a composite of regions with highly variable rates of diversification, possibly driven by profound differences in tectonic setting of the various continents. This examination of processes at progressively smaller scales suggests a need to evaluate, in similar detail, the tempo of other presumptively global events such as mass extinctions. Bruce Patterson gave the final talk of the meeting, looking at altitudinal diversity gradients across the Peruvian Amazon. Although data from bird surveys have come to be a sort of benchmark against which biogeographic models are compared, Patterson showed that many other patterns of diversity occur, particularly among small mammals. Spatial ranges and gradients in extant organisms display many properties analogous to the biostratigraphic ranges familiar to paleoecologists. Using his nested subset methodology, Patterson argued that historical factors and differences in dispersal ability, as well as species-area relationships, play a role in structuring mammal distribution patterns.
During the final panel discussion, a consensus arose among the panelists and audience as to the need for continued dialog among paleoecologists and ecologists. Scientists from both disciplines were urged to seek out colleagues with complementary skills to solve scaling problems of mutual interest while simultaneously drawing on the strengths of their respective knowledge. Following on the favored metaphor of the meeting, one conferee suggested that "we had to become polygamous" in developing collaborations among multiple fields. During the conference, participants had made tentative but important steps in learning each others' scientific "languages," critical for sustained dialog. It was widely agreed that the need for such a dialog has never been greater. The combined issues of global change and biodiversity loss on Earth both dramatize the need for understanding processes of diversification, invasion, and extinction at all scales. Our old modus operandi, of making simplistic interpretations of data gleaned from each other's fields, should be replaced by truly collaborative efforts to understand these most serious of environmental problems. This Penrose Conference provided an exciting opportunity for all participants to begin what we hope will become a sustained and fruitful conversation between paleoecology and ecology.
Penrose Conference Participants
J. Bret Bennington
G. -Lynn Brewster-Wingard
| Susan Kidwell
Christopher G. Maples
Brian A. Maurer
| Roy Plotnick


Modulation of hepatic PPAR expression during Ft LVS LPS-induced protection from Francisella tularensis LVS infection
1 Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
BMC Infectious Diseases 2010, 10:10 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-10Published: 18 January 2010
It has been shown previously that administration of Francisella tularensis (Ft) Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protects mice against subsequent challenge with Ft LVS and blunts the pro-inflammatory cytokine response.
To further investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie Ft LVS LPS-mediated protection, we profiled global hepatic gene expression following Ft LVS LPS or saline pre-treatment and subsequent Ft LVS challenge using Affymetrix arrays.
A large number of genes (> 3,000) were differentially expressed at 48 hours post-infection. The degree of modulation of inflammatory genes by infection was clearly attenuated by pre-treatment with Ft LVS LPS in the surviving mice. However, Ft LVS LPS alone had a subtle effect on the gene expression profile of the uninfected mice. By employing gene set enrichment analysis, we discovered significant up-regulation of the fatty acid metabolism pathway, which is regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs).
We hypothesize that the LPS-induced blunting of pro-inflammatory response in mouse is, in part, mediated by PPARs (α and γ).


One of my young kin posted in effbee recently about the new Godzilla movie and how excited he was about it, sharing a picture from it. In the picture, Godzilla was HUGE. I mean, way bigger than ships and stuff. (Here's a link to the Wikipedia page, where you can see a poster picture, and see it compared to the Golden Gate Bridge.)
Now I know I'm totally the wrong demographic for this, but I have to admit that when I saw the poster I immediately thought: how the heck did it get to be that big and no one noticed?
Here's the thing: big animals need to eat a lot. A LOT.
There are basically three choices for eating a lot: plants. You do the elephant thing, and you eat plants, a lot of plants. Fortunately, there are lots of plants to eat, at least in some places. (And in the sea, there's algae, which grows fast. But, my understanding is that most algae grows only in relatively shallow areas (or is the free floating kind, which I'll count as plankton for now), so you'd think people would notice a giant lizard thing eating algae off the coast of Humboldt County, wouldn't you?
plankton. This works GREAT for the big baleen whales. There's lots of it, which is good because whales need to eat a lot.
The problem for godzilla eating these things is that really, no one would be scared of a giant manatee godzilla thing, because it would be busy eating plants all the time. Yes, hippos are really dangerous, and you shouldn't swim with them, but they're not going to take out big ships very easily. And whales can be, I suppose, really dangerous around small boats, but not against the navy.
And finally, most plant and plankton eaters don't look fierce and scary, right?
That leaves us with an animal that eats largish animals. But there's simply no largish animal for something the size of Godzilla (in that poster) to eat and get enough. Compared to a Godzilla that size, a whale is like me eating a minnow, not an entirely satisfying meal. And it's a whole lot easier to catch and eat a messful of minnows (or other smallish fish) than whales.
It's worth noting that many of the largest predators around these days are actually smaller than most of their prey, no? I mean, Brown Bears are bigger than salmon, but lions are smaller than wildebeasts. You either have to eat a whole lot of smaller stuffs (salmon, say, or plankton), or have a plentiful supply of bigger stuffs that you can somehow eat (wildebeasts for lions). Even so, hunting big stuff seems to work best cooperatively. Otherwise, it's handy to be bigger than what you want to eat. (That's why I should hunt minnows.)
Thus, a Godzilla that would find the TransAmerican Pyramid barely up to its chest is a Godzilla that would have deep unmet dietary needs. No wonder it's pissed off!
Let's just admit that I wasn't nearly as impressed by the movie poster as my young kin.
If I remember correctly, Godzilla has a nuclear reactor for a heart. So I'm not sure he has to eat anything. But in the early movies, one of the signs that he's on the move is the mysterious disappearance of all the fish in an area of the ocean--all of them.ReplyDelete


There are many causes for muscle twitching. Some of the common ones are stress and anxiety, too much caffeine, nutritional deficiency
. smoking, alcohol and certain drugs like steroids
and stimulants containing amphetamine
. Rarer but more serious causes are a group of muscular deficiencies.
Since you have been having this for a while, it makes sense to have a blood work up including thyroid
levels and a neurological examination.
Meanwhile, certain things you could do are eat a healthier diet containing fruits and vegetables, avoid caffeinated foodstuffs and coffee, stop smoking if you do and reduce alcohol consumption, prevent dehydration
and increase potassium intake commonly found in bananas, substitute drugs containing amphetamine after consulting with your prescribing doctor and lastly, reduce or find ways to avoid stress.


Objectives: To analyze communication routes between perilymph spaces and the modiolus in the human cochlea. Such pathways are of potential importance with regard to local inner ear drug delivery and pharmacokinetics.
Design: We analyzed the surface structure of the human cochlea, using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in macerated and freshly obtained specimens together with light microscopy of celloidin-embedded temporal bones.
Results: Combined SEM and light microscopy showed that perilymph and fluid spaces in the modiolar periphery form a common system. The modiolar wall of the scala vestibuli and tympani in the first and second turn is porous, forming a perilymphatic communication route to the perivascular and perineural spaces in the modiolus. A "perimodiolar lymph" or fluid space can be identified in the modiolar periphery. It communicates through a trabecular meshwork of porous membrane and web of connective tissue with the perilymph. The thin mesothelial cell sheets showed pores and displayed signs of vesicular activity.
Conclusions: This canalicular system may play a role in the circulation of perilymph in the human cochlea. We suggest that this system may represent an important fluid communication route between modiolus and perilymph and may represent a pathway for future drug and cell-based therapy to the inner ear.


It is said that eating healthy foods and maintaining a balanced diet is the key to one’s well-being. Similarly, when treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in males, healthcare professionals often suggest their patients eat a healthy diet, be it breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
Breakfast is the most important dietary food people take in the morning to enhance one’s physical energy and cognitive and psychological ability. Often, doctors recommend their male patients with erectile dysfunction to eat healthy breakfast which can also help improve the condition in such males. You might be thinking, what will be on the list of best breakfasts for erectile dysfunction? Don’t worry, we have listed all of the best choices of foods and beverages for breakfast that one can take to improve erectile dysfunction and boost one’s sex drive.
What is Erectile Dysfunction?
Erectile Dysfunction (ED), also known as “impotence”, is a medical term used for males who are unable to achieve and maintain a penile erection before and during sexual intercourse with a partner/spouse.
At least one in seven males experience this type of sexual dysfunction that may occur during any stage of one’s life. Furthermore, sexual dysfunction or sexual deficit also includes associated problems like premature ejaculation (orgasm), low sperm count (sperm viscosity), reduced sexual desire (libido) due to low testosterone (men’s natural sexual hormone) level, lack of stamina and other factors.
Thus, ED is a health condition in which men may often have to deal with various problems such as anxiety, hypertension, embarrassment, stress, etc., as a result of unsatisfactory sexual activity with a partner/spouse.
How Does ED Affect Sex Drive in Men?
Most males experience the inability to copulate with their partner/spouse which also makes such men feel embarrassed at times. Now, there can be several reasons that affect a few males as well as their sexual life and relationship with their partner/spouse.
The main factors that are known to cause ED in males include:
- Lack of physical activity
- Improper diet
- Excess body weight
- Other medical conditions like type-2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease etc.
- Side effects from prolonged use of medications
- Habitual smoking and drinking of alcohol, and addiction to illicit drugs
- Contraction from sexually transmitted diseases and infections
- These and other associated factors have a significant effect on the person’s sexual life.
- A doctor may suggest men with ED take foods that can be beneficial in combating the condition.
Is Eating Healthy Food Good for Treating Sexual Disorder?
Men who experience conditions like erectile dysfunction (impotence), premature ejaculation, low testosterone level, low semen viscosity, etc., may have difficulty copulating with their partner/spouse which often results in unsatisfying intercourse. Though prescription medications can help with the condition, they also come with side effects after prolonged use of such medicines.
Foods, however, are a natural remedy to treat many health problems, including sexual deficits in males, and enhance their stamina and sexual desire. Foods contain several essential properties that are needed for our body to function normally, besides growth and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. You should eat the foods that kill erectile dysfunction, or add them to your daily eating lifestyle for a great change.
For example, foods that are rich in zinc can help boost testosterone production, stimulate libido, and enhance erection quality. Zinc also delays ejaculation without any adverse effect on sexual stamina, libido, and other factors. It is present in several natural foods, such as oysters, beans, shrimp, beef, spinach, garlic, watermelon, mushrooms, nuts, etc.
Zinc can aid in boosting testosterone production while also optimizing performance during the sex drive. It is also important to note that zinc improves endurance, thus enhancing performance, whether it is sports or sexual activity. If there is any problem with taking Zinc in a natural way to boost testosterone then, you can choose some of the best testosterone boosters for erectile dysfunction.
Various medical research and studies show that eating specific foods may significantly aid in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in males.
Include These Foods & Beverages in Your Breakfast to Boost Sex Drive
Aside from taking medication drugs for treating ED, you can also naturally boost your sex drive by including foods and beverages in your breakfast routine.
The following is a list of a few breakfast choices that you can take to enhance your libido and lasting sex drive.
Green leafy salads and vegetables contain essential nutrients, vitamins, proteins, minerals, etc., that can be beneficial for one’s health and well-being.
For instance, carrots are rich in vitamin E offer plenty of health benefits, and are known to improve eyesight. Carrots are also helpful in treating premature ejaculation, increasing libido, and more.
Other choices to include in your breakfast include spinach, lettuce, and arugula. The green leafy spinach is rich in magnesium and when included in your diet, it enhances your physical health and also boosts your sexual stamina.
Spinach is also rich in folate which helps improve the blood flow and is essential for cell growth and reproduction. A low level of folic acid in the blood is associated with premature ejaculation. Since folate or folic acid is rich in vitamin B, it is very important in improving sexual health.
Asparagus is an edible plant, particularly its root and stem, and is known to have a positive effect on sexual activity and reproduction. Consuming asparagus, especially with milk can significantly increase penile erection and improve premature ejaculation.
To gain sexual benefit from asparagus, boil its roots in milk and drink it daily, at least twice every day, for it to take effect. The result is it will help you maintain full control over the muscles of your penis.
Fruits are often consumed in their organic form and provide a plethora of health benefits. There are many kinds of fruits which can be eaten for breakfast, and a few of these include:
- Citrus fruits
Ashwagandha is an herbal plant-bearing edible fruit that can effectively treat sexual problems in men. It potentiates testosterone levels and reproductive health and can increase sperm count and motility. This helps you to have better control over ejaculation and boost your sex life. The best way to take Ashwagandha is to consume it in organic form.
Watermelon is not just a delicious summer fruit, it offers many health benefits and keeps the body hydrated. It also has antioxidant properties that help fight the free radicals in the body.
In terms of providing sexual benefits, watermelon is rich in beta-carotene and lycopene. Both these compounds enhance sexual performance. In addition, watermelon contains citrulline, which is an amino acid that functions efficiently as a vasodilator that enhances penile erection and prevents premature ejaculation. Many may even call watermelon a “natural Viagra”.
Watermelon is eaten by slicing it into several pieces or making its juice and drinking it.
4. Dry Fruits
Dry fruits are not only delicious treats, they also offer a whole lot of health-benefiting properties that are vital for the body. A few examples of dry fruits that you can take for breakfast are:
- Cashew nuts
Walnuts offer many health benefits to the body and mind. They contain anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and omega-3 properties. Walnuts are also known to be effective at improving erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation conditions occurring in males. They are also beneficial in increasing sperm motility and morphology.
Walnuts can be eaten in any form, whether raw, roasted, or as a mixture of snacks before or after meals.
5. Hot and Cold Beverages
Taking cold or hot beverages like lemonade, fruit juices, coffee, tea, etc., for breakfast can prove beneficial.
- Fruit juice
Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice if taking certain medications for ED as this may further worsen the risk of health complications in your body. Take the best juice for erectile dysfunction in your breakfast to improve the sex drive naturally.
Spices come in different types and contain various properties that are beneficial to health.
- Turmeric powder (usually mixed with milk)
Garlic is an essential spice that helps treat premature ejaculation and can aid in prolonging the duration of intercourse. It improves blood circulation in the body. Thus, the increased blood flow stimulated by consuming garlic in foods or beverages is beneficial in treating erectile dysfunction in men.
Garlic also increases the level of nitric oxide in the blood. Nitric oxide dilates blood vessels and promotes blood flow, and this potentially improves erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.
Ginger helps sexually because it has aphrodisiac properties which help improve testosterone production, boost reproductive health, reduce the risk of erectile dysfunction, and improve premature ejaculation. These properties make ginger perfect for men who are suffering from premature ejaculation during intercourse.
7. Dark Chocolate
Chocolates are another delicious snack that is loved by many – young and old. They contain flavanols that can help increase blood flow and lower blood pressure when eaten. Chocolates are also good for the brain and allow the body to produce more nitric oxide.
Therefore, eating chocolates or dark chocolates (since they come in different flavors) can help increase sexual desire that will allow men to engage in sexual activity with their partner/spouse.
ED in males can be treated naturally by eating specific foods and drinking beverages that help improve the condition affecting men’s sexual lives.


Super quality Cathayornis yandica fossil bird
Close up of head preservation
Just look at the detail of the legs and claws
View of the body
Wonderful quality fossil bird
Bird Fossil 3
This is a wonderful bird fossil, displaying incredible preservation.
It is Cathayornis yandica, and was discovered in Liaoning Province, China. It dates from the Early Cretaceous Period, and is 120 million years old.
There is a large diversity of bird fossils that have been discovered in the lacustrine deposits of the Western part of Liaoning Province.
They are famous for their incredible preservation of these Early Cretaceous bird fossils.
You are able to see impressions of plumage on this fossil.
Cathayornis derives its name from the old term "Cathay", which was an early name for China.
It is forbidden to export these fossils today, so we were very lucky to obtain this as part of an old collection.
These seldom come onto the marketplace today.
An incredible addition for a collector, and what a talking point it would be.
Matrix Size: 16cms x 13cms


The same worked for ever smaller and smaller pea plants.
Fred was absolutely joyous when Dean presented him with the unprocessed fingerprint card and promptly tore it into pea-size pieces.
Bianchis Storia della diplomazza euro pea in Italsa (8 vols., Turin, 1865) is an invaluable and thoroughly reliable work.
For example, the grub of a pea or bean beetle (Bruchus) is hatched, from the egg laid by its mother on the carpel of a leguminous flower, with three pairs of legs and spiny processes on the prothorax.
Innumerable clusters of wild cherries (Prunus Chamaecerasus), wild apricots (Amygdalus nana), the Siberian pea-tree (Caragana frutescens), and other deep-rooted shrubs grow at the bottoms of the depressions and on the slopes of the ravines, imparting to the steppe that charm which manifests itself in the popular poetry.
The town was burned in August 1863, and shelled on the 3rd of November 1864, after the battle of Pea Ridge, by a detachment of General Price's army.
First came the Imperial Cornet Band of Oz, dressed in emerald velvet uniforms with slashes of pea-green satin and buttons of immense cut emeralds.
Then he noticed when he bred tall pea plants with another tall plant, he occasionally got a short offspring, but usually tall ones.
Eventually, the pea was as large as its genetic potential allowed it to be.
The development of the pea and beanbeetles has been carefully studied by C. V.
The sweet potato and pea-nut crops have also become very valuable; on the other hand the Census of 1900 showed a decline in acreage and production of cotton.
That range between the smallest pea plant and the largest is the full spectrum of what that plant can be.
- (Pea Beetle.) Europe.
In mineralogical collections rounded nodules of brown glass, varying from the size of a pea to that of an orange, may often be seen labelled marekanite.
For a time after entry they multiply, obtaining the nitrogen necessary for their nutrition and growth from the free nitrogen of the air, the carbohydrate required being supplied by the pea or clover plant in whose tissues they make a home.
It was the universal custom in medieval England to eat on this Sunday a grey pea steeped and fried in butter, which came from its association "Carling Nut."
Meanwhile, in the Missouri theatre, the Federal general Curtis, outnumbered and outmanoeuvred by the forces of Price and Van Dorn, fought, and by his magnificent tenacity won, the battle of Pea Ridge (March 7-8), which put an end to the war in this quarter.
Besides the grasses there are leguminous plants valuable for pasture - Astragalus, Vicia (wild vetch), Lathyrus (wild pea) of which there are many species.
[According to Zeller, an abstract of the Nicomachean and the Eudemian Ethics, tending to follow the latter, but possibly an early draft of the Nicomachean Ethics.] 3 'H9LKa EbSi) pea or 7rpos Ebbnp.ov: Ethica ad Eudemum: On the same subject.
GRAM, or Chick-Pea, called also Egyptian pea, or Bengal gram (from Port.
GRAM, or Chick-Pea, called also Egyptian pea, or Bengal gram (from Port.
It was cultivated by the Greeks in Homer's time under the name erebinthos, and is also referred to by Dioscorides as krios from the resemblance of the pea to the head of a ram.
Kulthi), which supplies in Madras the place of the chick-pea, affords seed which, when boiled, is extensively employed as a food for horses and cattle in South India, where also it is eaten in curries.
Mesny, has observed similar evidences of the existence of gold at comparatively shallow depths in Koko Nor region, and records that he has seen nuggets, " varying from the size of a pea to that of a hazel-nut," in eastern Tibet.
Bateson has shown this to be the case for the sweet-pea (Lathyrus odoratus), var.
Lathyrus odoratus (Sweet Pea): hardy; there are two races, dwarf and tall, the latter - far and away the most beautiful - requires support; various colours; numerous immensely popular forms. Lavatera trimestris: hardy, 3 ft., pale-rose, showy malvaceous flowers.
Stoutish erect-growing, 2 to 3 ft., with smooth foliage and spikes of pea-like flowers.
High, with pinnate leaves, and masses of pinkish purple pea-like flowers.
In the negotiations of the Treaty of Paris (1783) the Dutch found themselves abandoned by their allies and com elled Pea c e of y, p to accept the disadvantageous but not ungenerous terms accorded to them by Great Britain.
Such aggregations of hyphae frequently become knotted up into dense masses of interwoven and closely packed hyphae, varying in size from that of a pin's head or a pea (Peziza, Coprinus) to that of a man's fist or head, and weighing io to 25 lb or more (Polyporus Mylittae, P. tumulosus, Lentinus Woermanni, P. Sapurema, &c.).
Some petioles are long, slender and sensitive to contact, and function as tendrils by means of which the plant climbs; as in the l,' nasturtiums (Tropaeolum), clematis and c in others; and in compound leaves the midrib and some of the leaflets may similarly be transformed into tendrils, as in the pea and vetch.
Irritability resides in the pulvinus,in the pea and bean family, in rosaceous plants and the family Rubiaceae.
In Leguminous plants (the pea tribe) the pinnae are frequently modified to form tendrils, as in Lathyrus Aphaca, in which the stipules perform the function of true leaves.
The natives grow several kinds of bananas, yams and batatas, maize, pea-nuts, sugar-cane, sorghum and pepper.
There he accumulated a fortune by control of the garbanzo (chick-pea) crop of the W.
C. Pyracantha, known in gardens as pyracantha, is evergreen and has white flowers, appearing in May, and fine scarlet fruits of the size of a pea which remain on the tree nearly all the winter.
- Stamens and Pistil of Sweet Pea (Lathyrus).
In 1862 he took a conspicuous part in the desperately fought battle of Pea Ridge, which definitely secured Missouri for the Federals.
Robinia Pseud-acacia, or false acacia, is cultivated in the milder parts of Britain, and forms a large tree, with beautiful pea-like blossoms. The tree is sometimes called the locust tree.
The principal food of the tiger in India is cattle, deer, wild hog and pea-fowl, and occasionally human beings.
As it was first observed near the mouth of the river Kur it has been named Cia pea Kurensis.
Cell from the epidermis of root of Pea with " infection thread " (zoogloea) pushing its way through the cellwalls.
(After Prazmowski.) free end of a root-hair of Pea; at the right are particles of earth and on the left a mass of bacteria.
In the last forty years of the 18th century pearls were exported from the Scotch fisheries to Paris to the value of £Ioo,000; round pearls, the size of a pea, perfect in every respect, were worth £3 or £4.
Bruchus pisi causes considerable damage to pease; during the spring the beetle lays its eggs in the young pea, which is devoured by the larva which hatches out in it.
While, again, continuous mountain ranges and broad plains and table-lands give the prevailing character to the scenery, there are, on the one hand, lofty isolated peaks, such as Monseny, Montserrat and Mont Sant in Catalonia, the Pea Golosa in Valencia, Moncayo on the borders of Aragon and Old Castile, and, on the other hand, small secluded valleys, such as those of Vich and Olot among the Catalonian Pyrenees.
The chick-pea forms part of the daily food of all classes of the inhabitants; and among vegetables.
Final d after a vowel has produced u (pea, p e d e in; niu, n i d u m; mou, to o d u m); buf when the d, in consequence of the disappearance of the preceding vowel, rests upon a consonant, it remains and passes into the corresponding surd; f r I g i d u s gives fred (pronounced fret).
If pollen is scarce, a substitute in the form of either pea-meal or wheaten flour must be supplied to the bees, as brood-rearing cannot make headway without the nitrogenous element indispensable in the food on which the young are reared.
Thus, in the blossom of the pea (figs.
- Diagram of flower of Sweet-pea (Lathyrus), showing five sepals (s), two superior, one inferior, and two lateral; five petals (p), one superior, two inferior, and two lateral; ten stamens in two rows (a); and one carpel (c).
- Flower of Pea (Pisum sativum), showing a papilionaceous corolla, with one petal superior (st) called the standard (vexillum), two inferior (car) called the keel (carina), and two lateral (a) called wings (alae).
Changes are produced in the whorl of stamens by cohesion of the filaments to a greater or less extent, while the anthers remain free; thus, all the filaments of the androecium may unite, forming a tube round the pistil, or a central bundle when the pistil is abortive, the stamens becoming monadelphous, as occurs in plants of the Mallow tribe; or they may be arranged in two bundles, the stamens being diadelphous, as in Polygala, Fumaria and Pea; in this case the bundles may be equal or unequal.
- Stamens and pistil of Sweet Pea (Lathyrus).
Pachytheca, a spherical organism, usually about the size of a small pea, found in rocks of Silurian and Devonian age, has been much investigated and discussed, without any decisive light having been thrown on its nature.
Me ordering a second helping of corn on the cob while dining at the Black Eyed Pea also increases demand for corn, but for doing so, I shouldn't stand trial for murder.
Soup offerings include split pea, Lentil, and lobster bisque.
If you're an adventurous non-vegetarian, try the chef's special Bird's Nest Supreme: sliced white meat chicken, beef and prawns sautéed with pea pods, carrots and baby corn in spicy kung pao sauce, all served in a crunchy noodle bird's nest.
Healthy brunch menu items include warm organic barley and vanilla bean cereal, veggie burgers with pea shoots and roasted red bell peppers, and buckwheat muesli pancakes.
Latifolius, the everlasting pea, 6 ft., has bright rosy flowers in the late summer and autumn; the vars.
The berries are red or purple in colour, varying in size from that of a pea to a nut.
The early history of Navarre has been overlaid with fable, and with pure falsification, largely the work of the Benedictines of San Juan de la Pea near Huesca Their object was to prove the foundation of their house by a.
Between 1856 and 1863, he bred 29,000 pea plants.


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MOSCOW, August 10. /TASS/. A polar whale, which got stranded in a river mouth in Russia’s far eastern Khabarovsk region, has been rescued and is now heading back out to sea, Russian Natural Resources and Environment Minister Sergei Donskoi wrote on Facebook.
"A big thank you goes to everyone who participated [in the rescue operation] and expressed concern for the stranded whale," he wrote. "Shantar Islands National Park Director Vladimir Andronov has just called me on the phone saying that the whale has left the river with the tide, the experts have been keeping an eye on him. The whale is now safe," the minister added.
According to previous reports, during high tide, a 13-meter-long great polar whale got into the river flowing out of Lake Bolshoye on the Bolshoy Shantar Island located in the Sea of Okhotsk, in Russia’s Khabarovsk region. The mammal had been apparently chased into the river by a school of killer whales. It had been wounded and was very much frightened.
Scientists and experts from Russia’s Emergencies Ministry waited for the night high tide to herd the whale away from the shore. During low tide, inspectors from the Shatnar Islands National Park had been keeping the whale wet using water pumps.
The Shantar Islands is an archipelago with an area of 2,500 square kilometers, located off the northwestern shore of the Sea of Okhotsk. As many as 240 bird species inhabit the islands, 30 of which are listed in the Red Book of Russia. There are also rookeries of the Steller sea lions and spotted seals, included in the Red Book. Besides, polar whales often hang out in the area. The archipelago is a special protected area included in the Shantar Islands National Park.


Jodi A. Hilty
Landscape and Seascape Science, Planning, and Action
Climate and Conservation offers readers tangible, place-based examples of projects designed to protect large landscapes as a means of conserving biodiversity in the face of the looming threat of global climate change.
- Copyright year: 2012
Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Adaptation
This second edition of Corridor Ecology: Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Adaptation captures advances in the field over the past ten years. It features a new chapter on marine corridors and the effects of climate change on habitat, as well as a discussion of corridors in the air for migrating flying species. Practitioners, land managers, and scholars of ecology will find it an indispensable resource.
- Copyright year: 2019
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Uremic toxins are associated with persistent kidney disease (CKD)-related systemic diseases. advanced CKD sufferers for the preservation of kidney function although some huge interventional clinical research did not present clear influence on it [42C46]. Reduced amount of uremic poisons with AST-120 may be connected with better final results in CKD-related systemic disease. Actually, kidney damage-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis was modulated with administration of AST-120, with much less aortic deposition of Is normally and aortic appearance of inflammatory cytokines . Another scholarly research demonstrated that AST-120 modulated CKD-induced cardiac harm, with reduced serum/urine levels of Moxifloxacin HCl irreversible inhibition Is definitely and oxidative stress markers, such as 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and acrolein, inside a rat model . Is definitely strongly bound to high molecular excess weight protein and is difficult to remove with standard dialysis treatment. A medical study showed that IS in serum is definitely 97.7% protein-bound and is only reduced by 31.8% with standard hemodialysis . Recent findings showed that a longer hemodialysis treatment session , use of large-pore, super-flux cellulose triacetate membranes , and hemodiafiltration  improved the removal of protein-bound uremic toxins; however, these changes are thought to be insufficient to prevent CKD-related complications. Additional therapy with standard dialysis is needed to properly remove protein-bound uremic toxins. For example, when anuric individuals undergoing maintenance hemodialysis used AST-120 6?g/day time for 2?weeks, serum IS, em p /em -cresyl sulfate, and phenyl sulfate levels in the predialysis RUNX2 session decreased significantly , while did oxidative stress markers including oxidized albumin and 8-isoprostane . The Lixelle? column contains porous hexadecyl-immobilized cellulose beads and was developed for direct hemoperfusion of blood 2-m with hydrophobic relationships [52, 53]. Recent research found that hexadecyl-immobilized cellulose beads adsorbed protein-unbound free Is definitely, em p /em -cresyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and IAA to some degree . These interventions are problematic in clinical use, and further Moxifloxacin HCl irreversible inhibition medical investigation will become necessary to properly reduce uremic toxins. Methods for decrease include concentrating on of intestinal flora that generate uremic poisons, removal of circulating uremic poisons, among others (Fig.?3). Remedies in each stage shall lower uremic poisons and stop CKD-related systemic disorders. In addition, sufficient removal of protein-bound uremic poisons should be suggested when the interventions can improve success and ADL/QOL in CKD sufferers. Open in another screen Fig. 3 Healing approaches for uremic toxin-related systemic disorders. Healing Moxifloxacin HCl irreversible inhibition approaches for the reduced amount of uremic poisons will include (A) preservation of kidney function, (B) inhibition of uremic toxin creation, (C) prevention from the connections between uremic poisons and tissue/cells, and (D) removal of uremic poisons with medicine or bloodstream purification therapy Bottom line Uremic poisons and CKD-related illnesses, centered on 2-m-related amyloidosis and IS-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis, had been reviewed, predicated on current understanding and upcoming perspectives. Deposition of uremic poisons can induce several systemic disorders, and each uremic toxin provides unique characteristics, such as for example conformational transformation and protein-binding properties in the condition establishing. Further studies will be needed to determine the characteristics of each Moxifloxacin HCl irreversible inhibition uremic toxin in greater detail and to develop restorative strategies for improved survival and ADL/QOL in CKD individuals. Acknowledgements I say thanks to the Japanese Society of Nephrology for the 2016 Oshima Award. I am thankful to the many investigators and colleagues in the area of uremic toxin study with whom I have had the enjoyment to work during this and additional related projects. I am especially thankful for Moxifloxacin HCl irreversible inhibition the mentorship of Drs. Fumitake Gejyo and Ichiei Narita in Niigata University or college Graduate School of Medical and Dental care Sciences. Notes Discord of interest All authors declared that they have no discord of interest. Ethical approval This short article does not consist of any original studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Footnotes This short article was offered as the Oshima Honor memorial lecture in the 59th annual achieving of the Japanese Society of Nephrology, held at Yokohama, Japan in 2016..


My current research is on
therapeutic strategy and clinical assay development for multiple myeloma. My
projects are to find cancer stem cell-targeted therapies and second, to develop
an assay to help guide treatment decision making. My technical expertise is in
flow cytometry and the dissection of myeloma cell populations in patient
samples and determining their drug sensitivities.
Prior to coming to the University of Colorado, I was at Northwestern University’s Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies in Chicago. There I worked on the development of molecular point-of-care diagnostics for HIV and Tuberculosis for use in sub-Saharan Africa.
I received my master’s degree in biology from Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff. My research focused on the characterization of bacterial and fungal communities in soils using stable isotope probing, next gen sequencing and real-time PCR.
In my free time I love to explore Colorado’s numerous outdoor activities including cycling and mountain biking as well as spending time with my family.


Early Steps in the Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein
APP is synthesized in a part of the cell called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it undergoes a number of changes. In AD, the processing of APP is altered, leading to overproduction of the amyloid protein Ab42. However, it is not yet clear what causes the production of Ab42 in the ER. Dr. Goldgaber has hypothesized that as APP is synthesized and inserted into the ER, it interacts with specialized proteins called chaperones. Chaperones are known to be important in helping newly synthesized proteins fold into their proper three-dimensional shape. In Dr. Goldgaber's hypothesis, the interaction between APP and chaperones is required to ensure that the APP is properly modified and processed. He believes that misfolded or mutant APP may be targeted for some type of protein degradation, which could lead to the production of Ab42. He is exploring a number of approaches for studying the role of chaperones in the processing of normal and mutant APP.