Paper No. 237-15
Presentation Time: 5:15 PM
EXTREME ENDEMISM OF LATE CRETACEOUS MARINE OSTRACODS IN THE US GULF COASTAL PLAIN
Ostracods are abundant and diverse fossils in the North American coastal plain sediments. Detailed sampling of late Campanian-Maastrichtian marine deposits on the eastern flank of the Mississippi Embayment reveals extremely localized occurrences, often at only a single outcrop, of rare but diverse species of a clade of ornamented ostracods that have been assigned to the genus Anticythereis. Taxonomic studies indicate that there are more than 20 previously undescribed species in this clade in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, although none have been reported from the western flank of the Mississippi Embayment and no species occurs in both the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. Recently, 11 of those species from the TN-MS-AL region were named and described and assigned to 4 new genera and a new Subfamily Anticytherideinae. The subfamily is characterized mainly by a distinctive muscle scar pattern and a pair of inverted platform structures on the inside of the carapace that corresponds to the inner surface of the postocular sulcus. The clade first appeared in the later Campanian Radotruncana calcarata planktonic foraminiferal taxon range zone and became extinct at the K/Pg boundary event. Several species were found at a single outcrop of the Providence Sand of eastern Alabama, whereas others occur only in the Owl Creek Formation of northern Mississippi. Although there have been many species assigned to the genus Anticythereis from continents exclusive of North America, their endemism indicates that none of them should be assigned to that genus and represent taxa that evolved in their respective areas. This endemism makes ostracods very useful tools in deciphering plate tectonic reconstructions of the past.


The involvement of oxidative stress in determining the severity and progress of pathological processes in dystrophin-deficient muscles.
Languages of publication
In both forms of muscular dystrophy, the severe Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD) with lifespan shortened to about 20 years and the milder Becker dystrophy (BDM) with normal lifespan, the gene defect is located at chromosome locus Xp21. The location is the same in the experimental model of DMD in the mdx mice. As the result of the gene defect a protein called dystrophin is either not synthesized, or is produced in traces. Although the structure of this protein is rather well established there are still many controversies about the dystrophin function. The most accepted suggestion supposes that it stabilizes sarcolemma in the course of the contraction-relaxation cycle. Solving the problem of dystrophin function is a prerequisite for introduction of an effective therapy. Among the different factors which might be responsible for the appearance and progress of dystrophic changes in muscles there is an excessive action of oxidative stress. In this review data indicating the influence of oxidative stress on the severity of the pathologic processes in dystrophy are discussed. Several pieces of data indicating the action of oxidative damage to different macromolecules in DMD/BDM are presented. Special attention is devoted to the degree of oxidative damage to muscle proteins, the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and their involvement in defining the severity of the dystrophic processes. It is indicated that the severity of the morbid process is related to the degree of oxidative damage to muscle proteins and the decrease of the nNOS activity in muscles. Estimation of the degree of the destructive action of oxidative stress in muscular dystrophy may be a useful marker facilitating introduction of an effective antioxidant therapy and regulation of nNOS activity.
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- Niebroj-Dobosz I, Fidziańska A, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I (2001) Does normal nitric oxide synthase prevent pathologic muscle changes in dystrophin deficiency? Basic Appl Myol 11: 105-110.
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A PCR travel test differs from other Covid-19 medical options. They deliver results to both individuals and healthcare providers. More so, these can show if someone has SARS-CoV-2 previously. However, there are disadvantages to such checks. It can vary in specificity. These kits don’t detect non-target viruses. Also, you may not use it for sensitivity.
What do experts say about these solutions?
The CDC has made strict rules for these kits. For example, we can’t use the results of the PCR travel test for Coronavirus to diagnose someone with an infection. Furthermore, it takes one week or even three weeks for the body to produce antibodies. This is after anyone gets the virus. So, these kits would be wrong at this stage.
Also, certain people may need longer to build pathogens. These cannot detect antibodies in anyone with an active infection. That’s, based on when a doctor diagnosed someone. It also depends on the date of the examination.
A Review of the CDC’s proposed options
CDC’s serological method represents one of the checks. These methods detect antibodies. After all, it’s a blood segment. These use live viruses. Likewise, they use a specific protein.
Serological-based checks identify pathogens formed because of the SARS-CoV-2. The body uses them to prevent the connecting of pathogens against other viruses. These other illnesses cause less severe diseases. An example of such a disease is colds.
These tests have a more than 99 percent accuracy. It also checks for Covid-19 include a 96 percent reliability dependent on initial procedures. One may use such kits to classify the previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 in individuals diagnosed. In this case, it ranges from at least 1 to 3 weeks ago.
What is the other method?
CDC also created blood-based kits in the laboratory. These kits helped to determine how most people have the disease. This’ the virus that triggers Covid-19. CDC also uses the method to determine the efficiency of industrial samples.
Besides, they’re unique proteins that are formed in reaction to infection. These can be contained in the blood of patients who are examined following infection. In turn, that displays an inflammatory response to the disease. The results of antibody-based kits are important in detecting previous infections. This is essential for those with few or no symptoms.
CDC’s serological option has been developed for surveillance purposes. Thus, its for Covid-19 to offer knowledge required to direct the response to the pandemic. The knowledge also helps to safeguard the population’s safety. These tests for the disease are not intended for individual use. That is, to check individuals who want to know if they have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 beforehand.
After all, the CDC decides commercial-based kits performance.


By: Taylor Darnell, agronomy master’s student with UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants (CAIP)
Imagine a lakefront house on a pristine lake in Florida. Now, imagine that waterfront view obstructed by tussocks, aquatic plants, and mosquitos. That does not sound enjoyable, does it? This is where aquatic plant management (APM) comes into the spotlight. There are multiple APM tools such as biological, chemical, mechanical, and cultural controls used to remove aquatic unpleasantries.
A cultural method of aquatic plant control, drawdowns, are among the most infrequently used APM tools in Florida. In a drawdown, the water level is lowered within a lake, pond, or another waterbody. Drawdowns provide many benefits to public recreation, homeowners, native species, and can create opportunities for infrastructure repair and improvement.
There are two types of drawdowns: surface and subsurface. Surface drawdowns are the most common form of drawdowns and, since they involve surface water, they are used for aquatic plant management. Surface drawdowns are not a novel concept. This type of drawdown occurs naturally as droughts, but can also be controlled by water resource management techniques like controlled releases of water from behind an impoundment. An impoundment can be anything from a simple earthen dam to a concrete and steel dam and lock system that creates a non-natural water body. Subsurface drawdowns, however, remove water from underground sources.
Drawdowns are not practiced regularly on most waterbodies in Florida, yet this APM tool has been used extensively on Rodman Reservoir located in Putnam County, Florida, for decades.
Every three to four years, the water level in Rodman Reservoir is decreased by approximately 10 feet using drawdowns. This process usually takes seven months. During this time, most of the littoral zones, or shallow water areas, are drained and exposed to direct sunlight and air for six months. Consequently, aquatic plants such as hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum), eelgrass (Vallisneria americana), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) dry out and die. Previous drawdown research has shown that, if properly timed, two or more drawdown cycles can significantly reduce the amount of hydrilla biomass in a system.
Drawdowns on Rodman Reservoir are carefully planned between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), and water management districts, with careful consideration not to disturb or damage fragile or protected habitats.
In 2019, a drawdown was conducted to control free-floating aquatic plants in order to maintain one of the best largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fisheries in Florida by balancing the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) population to the largemouth bass population. These water level fluctuations are necessary to spur native plant growth, such as spatterdock (Nuphar macrophyllum), cattail (Typha spp.), and Illinois Pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis) as well as decreasing bluegill populations and increasing the largemouth bass populations. For more information on this drawdown, visit this report.
For even better fishing conditions, many anglers frequent Rodman Reservoir during a drawdown because of the way fish tend to cluster or hide while the water is decreased. To help keep the concentrated populations of largemouth bass in the system and to reduce the number of smaller, non-game prey, and nuisance fish, bass fishing on Rodman Reservoir during a drawdown is catch and release only.
For more information, explore the following links for further reading:
This blog post was written by Taylor Darnell, an agronomy master’s student with UF/IFAS CAIP. Questions or comments can be sent to the UF/IFAS CAIP communications manager at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Follow UF/IFAS CAIP on social media at @ufifascaip. Read more blogs like this one on the UF/IFAS CAIP blog.
UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Turning Science Into Solutions.


Laura Uribe Uribe
Nanoscience, Materials and Chemical Engineering
Alex Fragoso Sierra
Laura Uribe received her bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from University of Los Andes (Bogota, Colombia) where her thesis about the development of a radar absorbent coating using nanoferrites earned her a laurate qualification. During her BSc she was an intern at Henkel where she worked in the R&D laboratory of the adhesive's division. She holds a MSc in Nanoscience, Materials and Processes from University Rovira i Virgili where she first joined Interfibio Research Group under the supervision of Professor Ciara O'Sullivan and Dr Mayreli Ortiz. Her master's thesis was a novel approach of next generation sequencing using electrochemical techniques, that were used to detect genetic markers related to predisposition to certain diseases. The work was published in the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Journal. After her master she joined Sika, a multinational company of the chemical industry for a Trainee program based in Brazil, which strengthened her industrial and international experience. Nowadays she's working as a PhD student back at URV's Interfibio Research Group and she is part of the project Ciguasensing in collaboration with IRTA (Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology of Catalonia).
Project: Towards extraction and purification protocols for marine toxins based on cyclodextrin-derived nanomaterials
Monitoring methods for marine toxins -such as ciguatoxins (CTX) and okadaic acid (OA)- present in seawaters are of high interest to support sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors altogether. Okadaic acid and ciguatoxins are responsible for producing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and ciguatera, food poisoning diseases that affect the human health and can produce economic losses to the shellfish industry. Ciguatoxins and okadaic acid molecules are worm-shaped polycyclic ethers that possess a remarkably hydrophobic character. Meanwhile, cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides with a cone-like shape and a hydrophobic central cavity. Given their low toxicity, great biocompatibility and good complexation capacity with a variety of molecules, cyclodextrins have been extensively used as host molecules in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agrochemical, food, and biomedical industries. Therefore, the typically hydrophobic character of CTXs and OA makes them perfect guests to form inclusion complexes with ß-cyclodextrins. The aim of my work is to study the molecular interactions between the CTX, the OA and the CDs, which have not yet been studied, and thus, to develop extraction/purification/pre-concentration protocols based on CD-derived nanomaterials.


Zeenews BureauChicago: In a breakthrough research, US scientists have begun testing drugs on so-called lung-on-a-chip, which though looks nothing like a human organ, mimics the essential functions of a healthy lung. The technology can aid medical research and drug development, and may reduce the need for animal testing in the future.The flexible piece of silicone rubber about the size of a memory stick has a porous matrix in the middle that host lung cells on one side, where air flows over them, and capillary cells on the other side, where a blood-like fluid flows over them. Vacuum pumps applied on both sides of the chip mimic the way human tissue stretches during breathing.The team from Harvard`s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering is putting its artificial lung to the test, using the device to recreate pulmonary edema, a potentially deadly condition characterized by fluid and blood clots in the lungs, and then treating it with an experimental drug from GlaxoSmithKline.For the study, the team injected interleukin-2 or IL-2, a cancer drug that can cause pulmonary edema into the blood channel of the device. The drug caused fluid to start leaking across the membrane, reducing the amount of volume of air in the other channel. Blood plasma crossed into the air channels and started to clot. On turning on the vacuum to simulate breathing, fluid leakage increased, suggesting that breathing may make the condition worse.The team next used their model to test TRPV4 channel blocker, a new class of drug being developed by GlaxoSmithKline. They found that treating the tissues in the device with the Glaxo drug before exposing it to IL-2 prevented blood vessel leakage in the device.
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Education; Environmental education; Podcast; Public Lecture;
William Souder’s work has appeared in many publications, including the Washington Post, New York Times, and Harper’s. He is the author of three books. A Plague of Frogs (2000) followed the investigation into outbreaks of deformed frogs across...
William Finley viewing the wildlife at Klamath Marsh during a 1903 photography trip taken with his partner Herman Bohlman. Finley and Bohlman's photographs of the area in 1903 would later help Klamath become a bird refuge in 1905.
Birds; History; Fishing; Fishes; Recreation; Rivers and streams; Wildlife refuges;
William Finley examining his catch at Klamath Marsh during a 1905 photography trip with his partner Herman Bohlman. Finley and Bohlman's photographs of the area in 1905 would later help Klamath become a bird refuge in 1908.
William Finley at Klamath Marsh, 1905. Due to Finley and Bohlman's photography of the area in 1905, Klamath was named a bird refuge in 1908. "Here lay the land of my dreams. After nearly 20 years of waiting, I was looking out over this place of...
William Finley and Herman Bohlman getting ready for a boat trip at Tule lake, Klamath Marsh, in 1905. Klamath would later become a bird refuge in 1908 due to photographs taken by Finley and Bohlman of the area in 1905.


Need some pigeon predators
Your article about suspected pigeon droppings contaminating Fountain Creek conjured up memories of a similar problem that closes Lake Michigan beaches in Wisconsin and Illinois. It is now a foregone conclusion that Lake Michigan beaches close after Midwest rainstorms wash out the sandy beaches, leaching gull droppings into the Great Lake and causing E. Coli levels to skyrocket.
Like Fountain Creek, expensive government studies back then never seemed to precisely pinpoint the culprit of the contamination - until a few communities started finding ways to move the protected species (gulls) off their beaches in the direction of neighboring dunes. Then a pattern arose, as some beaches remained opened while others just miles away were closed. Gull abatement in one community revolved around shooting off a cannon and having trained dogs chase waddling loiterers at intervals that made the flock find quieter, more gentile locales.
The problem is not gulls or pigeons per se; the problem is that there are no natural predators to cull the flocks. In one community in Wisconsin they began to introduce foxes into natural areas near the beaches, which quickly reduced the flocks. I also know of communities that bring in falcons and hawks to reduce pigeon populations. All these remedies are cheaper than government studies and fancy human abatement programs and can keep water with fewer E. Coli problems.


The paraffin embedded specimens of 35 Aujeszky's disease cases in pig were examined with Avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method to detect Aujeszky's disease viral antigen. Eighty percent of the cases (28/35) gave positive reaction. Aujeszky's disease viral antigen was detected in cerebrum (17/28), cerebellum (12/17), medulla oblongata (7/8), spinal cord (4/4), and tonsils (5/11). It is concluded that ABC method is a sensitive, reliable and rather simple technique to diagnose Aujeszky's disease on paraffin embedded tissue section.
Mutoh, Yuko; Sunyasootcharee, Boonmee; Tateyama, Susunu; Tesaprateep, Ted; Yamaguchi, Ryoji; and Sailasuta, Achariya
"Retrospective Study of Aujeszky's Disease in Pig in Thailand using Immunohistochemical Method,"
The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine: Vol. 20:
4, Article 5.
Available at: https://digital.car.chula.ac.th/tjvm/vol20/iss4/5


- Does cooking food kill botulism?
- Does frying kill botulism?
- Does lemon juice kill botulism?
- How do you know if honey has botulism?
- Can botulism go away on its own?
- Can you tell if a can has botulism?
- Does boiling kill botulism?
- Are dented cans OK?
- How do you get rid of botulism?
- Can you smell botulism?
- Why are dents in cans bad?
Does cooking food kill botulism?
The toxin that Clostridium botulinum produces is among the most deadly food toxin known.
Fortunately, heat destroys the toxin and cooking is the best way to control botulism..
Does frying kill botulism?
botulinum, and anti-toxin is not useful for prevention. Heating to high temperatures will kill the spores. … The toxin is heat-labile though and can be destroyed at > 185°F after five minutes or longer, or at > 176°F for 10 minutes or longer. Boiling homecanned foods for 10 minutes or longer is recommended.
Does lemon juice kill botulism?
Acidifying low-acid foods will help to kill bacteria but heating should still be incorporated into the process. Thus, lemon juice, citric acid, vinegar and other acidic elements can be used to increase the acidity of preserved foods that are being preserved using a heating method.
How do you know if honey has botulism?
Symptoms of foodborne botulism include marked fatigue, weakness, and vertigo often followed by blurred vision, dry mouth and difficulty in swallowing and speaking. Vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation may also occur.
Can botulism go away on its own?
The earliest symptoms involve the eyes and face, because nerves controlling their function are affected most quickly by the botulism toxin. Early or mild symptoms, which may go away on their own, include: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea (not usually present in wound botulism)
Can you tell if a can has botulism?
Never taste food to determine if it is safe. Do not taste or eat food that is discolored, moldy, or smells bad. Do not taste or eat food from cans that are leaking; have bulges or are swollen; or look damaged, cracked, or abnormal. Do not taste or eat food from a can that spurted liquid or foam when it was opened.
Does boiling kill botulism?
Because botulinum toxin is destroyed by high temperatures, persons who eat home-canned foods should consider boiling the food for 10 minutes before eating it to ensure safety.
Are dented cans OK?
If a can containing food has a small dent, but is otherwise in good shape, the food should be safe to eat. Discard deeply dented cans. A deep dent is one that you can lay your finger into. Deep dents often have sharp points.
How do you get rid of botulism?
Normal thorough cooking (pasteurisation: 70°C 2min or equivalent) will kill Cl. botulinum bacteria but not its spores. To kill the spores of Cl. botulinum a sterilisation process equivalent to 121°C for 3 min is required.
Can you smell botulism?
Foodborne botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by eating foods that are contaminated with the disease‑causing toxin. You cannot see, smell, or taste botulinum toxin – but taking even a small taste of food containing this toxin can be deadly.
Why are dents in cans bad?
Botulism, caused by the bacteria clostridium botulinum, occurs when a dent or damage to a can creates even a pinhole-size opening. The mixture of air and moisture from the food within the can spurs growth of the bacteria, and the food becomes contaminated. … Dented cans are the biggest culprit of botulism.


Google AI can spot advanced breast cancer more effectively than humans
It's up to 99 percent accurate in the right conditions.
'Overwatch' skin raised more than $10 million for breast cancer research
Mercy mains can do more than just heal teammates, it seems.
FDA greenlights 23andMe's direct-to-consumer cancer risk test
You don't have to go through a doctor to understand your chances.
Color's breast and ovarian cancer DNA test is $99 through October
It screens for cancer-linked mutations of the 'BRCA1' and 'BRCA2' genes.
Control your own mammograms with new GE tech
A remote gives patients control over the uncomfortable compression phase of the screening.
Microscope advances could prevent multiple breast cancer surgeries
The invention will help surgeons identify left-behind cancerous tissue in real-time.
Facebook censored a cartoon breast cancer awareness campaign
The social network still has trouble determining whether or not content is acceptable.
Microsoft kicks out a pink mouse for Breast Cancer Awareness Month
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Breast cancer vaccine proves successful in tests on mice, moves on to human subjects
Here's a cause for optimism, albeit the cautious kind. Researchers at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner R...


*This post is sponsored by Fortify but as always, all opinions are my own. Thank you supporting the brands that support Sincerely Onyi*
The Gut-Brain Axis: The Connection Explained
One of the biggest lessons I can take away from my degrees in medicine and nutrition is the power of nutrition. From our food to our supplements, we have the power to influence our health, straight from our gut. The gut-brain axis affects everything from general health to mood and how you handle stress.* I want to touch on why it’s important to keep the gut/brain connection in mind and how to manage it.
As I’ve begun to dive deeper into integrative psychiatry, I’ve been fascinated at the connection between our gut health and our mental health. All the research can get pretty in-depth – so let’s try to simplify it as I continue to bring you more helpful tips for your mental and physical wellness over time.
What Is The Gut-Brain Axis
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the biochemical signaling that takes place between the gastrointestinal tract (gut) and the central nervous system (brain).
In other words, the GBA is the way your gut and your brain communicate with each other and work together. This works at the chemical and hormonal levels.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is made up of two thin layers of more than 100 million nerve cells that line your gastrointestinal tract all the way from your esophagus to your rectum. The connection between the ENS and CNS is commonly called the gut-brain axis.
Whenever I talk about the gut-brain axis, I’ll use the acronym GBA and I’ll be referring to the ways in which the gut signals the brain and vice-versa.
Why Is The Gut-Brain Axis Important?
It’s important to understand the GBA because it affects so much more than just a stomach ache. An imbalance in your microbiome can be the influence of such things as a rash flare-up or even an unstable mood. Scientists continue to discover more ways that our gut health affects our mood and our overall well-being. Just look at some of these surprising connections.
Gut Health and Mood
Studies confirm that there is a connection between gut health and mood. In fact, neurotransmitters that are associated with mood are produced in the gut first. So are chemicals that support brain function.
Your gut health is connected to your brain health and therefore your general health.
Have you ever felt like you just have no energy but didn’t know why? Your gut health might be out of wack. Inflammation in your gut could be related to gut imbalance could be related to low mood and energy levels.
Gut Health And Stress Response
GBA is also important because the health of your gut might even influence your behavior and how you respond to stress. Ongoing stress can negatively impact the good and bad bacteria in your gut and therefore cause stronger physical reactions to the stressful situation.
Fortify Mood & Stress contains Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell® -52ND and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell® -175 that can help reduce stress.
Beyond your mental and emotional health, immune function in your body begins in your gut too. Studies show that specialized immune tissue called gastric Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) is found in your intestines.
It’s pretty impressive how important GBA is. Taking care of your gut health can have an extremely positive impact on your brain health and general
Serotonin and the GBA
Serotonin is a vitally important neurotransmitter, although some people regard it to be more of a hormone. It relays signals between nerve cells and is believed to play a role in mood, bone density, nausea, and can even inhibit sexual function. It’s known as the “happy chemical” because low levels of serotonin are related to depression and anxiety.
What does this have to do with GBA? Well, it is estimated that 90 percent of the body’s serotonin levels are made in the digestive tract.
Gut-Brain Axis and Low Mood
Common symptoms of depression such as fatigue and lack of feeling happy can be traced back to the GBA because when the gut is overrun with bad bacteria the gut and brain cannot communicate effectively. Levels of neurotransmitters in the body such as serotonin get out of balance.
According to Psychology Today, “More recent theories low mood suggest that an imbalance in gut microbiota and dysfunction in the axis connecting the gut and the brain may be involved.”
The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis the combination and intertwining of the central nervous (CNS) system and the endocrine system (hormones). The HPA is also called the stress response system.
Gut microbiota imbalance may create conditions associated with low mood.. When the HPA-axis is dysregulated, too much cortisol (a stress hormone) is circulated throughout your body.
An imbalance in gut microbiota can produce less serotonin and GABA (a brain chemical involved in calming anxiety).
How Do You Support The Gut-Brain Axis
Now that you know how important maintaining a healthy gut is, how do you help it? How do you support gut balance which can influence emotional and general health?
There are two main ways to promote your gut health, and therefore, support your GBA – through diet and probiotics.*
Gut-Brain Axis Diet
The first way you can support your GBA is by changing how you eat. A recent study concluded that, “Recent studies support the connection between the quality of diet, gut microbiota and mental health through regulation of metabolic functions, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and the support of neurogenesis. Dietary coaching to improve mental health seems to be an additional, cost-effective, practical, nonpharmacological intervention for individuals with psychiatric disorders.”
In other words, what you eat can actually affect your gut health and therefore positively impact your general health.
What is the gut-brain axis diet?
There isn’t one specific diet that has been proven to be completely gut-healing for everyone, but the Mediterranean diet is one of the best ones. In this diet, people eat lots of vegetables, fruit, nuts, seafood. They reduce their intake of refined sugar and red and processed meat. In one study from Spain, people on the traditional Mediterranean diet were about half as likely to be diagnosed with depression over a 4-year period.
This is the one diet that has been shown to increase the diversity of gut bacteria the best.
Probiotics For Healthy Gut-Brain Axis
Another way to support your GBA is to simply take high-quality probiotics every day.
What are probiotics?
They are live bacteria and yeast that are good for your gut and you can usually find them in easy-to-digest pills.
When your gut has too many bad bacteria and not enough of the good ones, you can experience any combination of the things I told you about above. A probiotic like Fortify Probiotics supports digestive balance in the intestinal tract.*
Fortify Probiotics now contain the doctor-preferred probiotic strain for regularity*††. Which means it can help prevent occasional gas, bloating, and constipation.*
Taking probiotics every day will help your body maintain the bacteria that it needs to function optimally.
The gut-brain axis is responsible for so many things. From low mood and energy levels. to immune health and how we respond to stress, the bacteria in our gut affect all of it.* One of my most common recommendations in practice is Omega 3s, Probiotics and Vitamin D. We’ll continue to dive deeper into why but hopefully this has been an enlightening start to the wonder that is the Gut/Brain Axis.
Changing how you eat and taking probiotics are the most effective way to heal your GBA when it is imbalanced. Make sure to subscribe to my newsletter for wellness tips straight to your inbox.
†† Based on an IQVIA ProVoice survey of Primary Care Physicians, HOWARU® B. lactis HN019 is the Doctor preferred probiotic strain for Regularity as compared to other strains in leading Probiotic brands, 52-week sales MULO, ending 11/3/2019; December 2019.*”\
Along with the usual DSHEA, “*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.


Speak to your vet if you have any concerns about pregnancy in cats, or are to help you be as prepared as possible for when your cat becomes a new mum. Just like humans, cats can go into labor before their due date and it's your Let this be a major sign that her delivery is quickly approaching. Many cats that are about to give birth will seek privacy, like a closet or . related cats in the same household get along when they give birth?.
cat giving birth for the first time
Here's a list of signs that are good indicators that labor is imminent! Approximately 2 days before your cat gives birth, she'll start to produce milk. Similar to humans, your cat may start nesting behavior – You can help your cat at this time by. But when its your cat, it is comforting to know that things are proceeding without hitches and on schedule. Here are some of the things that should happen as. Before a cat fully goes into labor, there are a few tell-tale signs. This includes things like the cat's general health before and during the pregnancy, information .
Your pregnant cat may be able to give birth with no problems. You may even wake one morning to discover that your pregnant cat has given birth during the night, Nesting: A day or two before labor, your cat will seek out a quiet and Unless the mother cat should be spayed as soon as the kittens are. When the pregnancy is well under way, you will see a more pronounced abdomen as the kittens develop and grow. Be aware, however, that. Cat in Labor Gives Birth (graphic) What to Expect When your Cat is Expecting. Good Earth Spa I decided to wait to see if she was pregnant which she did turn out to be. About 2 Cats like a dark den-like area to give birth.
how long does it take for a cat to give birth between kittens
As we discussed in part one, towards the end of your cat's pregnancy you should be taking her rectal temperature every day waiting for a sudden drop below Problems in birth are generally uncommon in cats, however they can happen. Find out what to do In pregnancy, the foetuses are spaced along each horn of the uterus. . Second and third stages of labour are repeated as each kitten is born. Has your cat been pregnant before or previously given birth to kittens? As a pet parent, you should prepare new litter and give your cat special attention if When your cat's labor pain are due to start, her appetite will reduce. You might not notice the first stages of your cat's labor, as there are no visible When she is nearly ready to give birth, she will scratch and settle into the A home birth for your pregnant cat can help her feel relaxed and stress-free, giving her. As female cats are able to become pregnant from 4 months old (while she is still Before giving birth, your cat's behaviour will become maternal and she may. If a cat was healthy before pregnancy, it shouldn't be difficult to keep her in Cats are fairly good at determining what they can and can't do as a pregnancy. However, before undertaking a breeding program, it is essential to understand what this Will my cat's diet need to be changed during pregnancy? At this stage, the uterine contractions are not yet visible as straining, although you may see. To get a sense of when your cat is ready to give birth to her kittens, you can You might also be anxious about the delivery, especially if this is the first time your cat As she gets closer to going into labor, though, you may notice that your cat. The good news is that cat birth comes naturally, so your pet will instinctively What Should You Do to Help Your Cat When She Is Giving Birth? As you watch the birthing process, you will notice that each kitten comes out in If you notice that your cat or any of her kittens are struggling, you should call your vet right away. A week before the due date, take the cat to the The majority of cats are quite capable of giving birth Allow her to give birth to her kittens and care for them as newborns as undisturbed as possible.


The plant sale is located in the Greenhouse off Golf Club Road.
The Diablo Valley Horticulture program aims to provide organically grown, seasonally appropriate plant starts ready to enter your 4’ x 8’ garden bed. Please join us for our regular installments of the DVC Veggie Box at the greenhouses. On the dates of installments, patrons are able to choose from our three box offerings, participate in the “Unboxing” — a lecture and demonstration as how to plant the boxes, as well as shop the galleria prior to our big plant sale!
Learn more about the DVC Veggie Box.
Read information about the Horticulture program


The world of pet ownership has undergone remarkable advancements in recent years, with innovations constantly pushing the boundaries of traditional pet care. In the realm of reptile enthusiasts, snake keeping has witnessed an exciting development with the introduction of next-generation snake dispensers. These innovative devices are revolutionizing the way snakes are housed and cared for, offering numerous benefits for both the snakes and their keepers. In this article, we will explore the concept of snake dispensers, their advantages, and how they are shaping the future of snake keeping.
What are Snake Dispensers? Snake dispensers are automated systems designed to provide a safe and comfortable environment for pet snakes. Similar to vending machines, snake dispensers consist of individual compartments, each housing a snake. These compartments are equipped with temperature and humidity controls, ensuring optimal living conditions for each snake. Additionally, snake dispensers can be programmed to provide scheduled feedings, thereby minimizing the need for manual intervention.
Advantages of Snake Dispensers:
- Space Efficiency: Traditional snake enclosures can occupy considerable space, making it challenging for enthusiasts with limited room. Snake dispensers offer a compact solution by vertically stacking compartments, utilizing space efficiently without compromising the comfort of the snakes.
- Improved Safety: Snake dispensers prioritize safety by incorporating features that minimize the risk of escape or injury. Each compartment is securely sealed and designed to prevent snakes from accessing adjacent compartments. Moreover, the dispensers can be equipped with advanced monitoring systems that alert owners in case of any abnormal behavior or emergencies.
- Enhanced Temperature and Humidity Control: Maintaining the ideal temperature and humidity levels is vital for the well-being of snakes. Snake dispensers excel in this regard, as each compartment can be individually regulated to cater to the specific needs of the snake residing within. This precise control ensures that the snakes remain comfortable and reduces the risk of health issues associated with suboptimal conditions.
- Automation and Convenience: Snake dispensers significantly streamline the care process by automating certain tasks. They can be programmed to provide scheduled feedings, reducing the need for constant monitoring and manual feeding. This automation is particularly beneficial for busy snake owners or those who travel frequently.
- Ease of Maintenance: Cleaning and maintaining traditional snake enclosures can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Snake dispensers simplify this process through removable trays or compartments that can be easily accessed and cleaned. This feature saves time and effort, promoting a hygienic environment for the snakes.
- Reduced Stress: Some snakes are known to exhibit stress-related behaviors in the presence of human interaction. Snake dispensers offer a more secluded and private living space for the snakes, reducing stress and promoting their overall well-being.
The Future of Snake Keeping: Snake dispensers are a prime example of how technology can enhance the lives of both pets and their owners. With ongoing advancements, future iterations of snake dispensers may incorporate additional features such as integrated cameras for remote monitoring, advanced environmental sensors, and customizable lighting options to simulate natural day-night cycles. These developments will further improve the quality of life for snakes and provide a more immersive and engaging experience for snake enthusiasts.
Conclusion: Next-generation soap dispensers are transforming the way snakes are housed and cared for, offering numerous advantages over traditional enclosures. From space efficiency to enhanced safety, temperature control, automation, and convenience, these innovative devices are revolutionizing snake keeping. As technology continues to advance, we can expect further developments in snake dispensers that will undoubtedly shape the future of reptile care. With their numerous benefits and potential for continued improvement, snake dispensers are set to become an indispensable tool for snake enthusiasts worldwide.


- How much Valtrex should I take during an outbreak?
- Is 7 days of Valtrex enough for shingles?
- How long do antivirals stay in your system?
- Will Valtrex stop an outbreak?
- Can I take 2 grams of Valtrex at once?
- How much does valtrex reduce risk of transmission 2020?
- How many valacyclovir can I take a day?
- Do antivirals weaken immune system?
- Does valacyclovir make tired?
- How long does it take for valacyclovir to start working?
- What can you not take with valacyclovir?
- Does valacyclovir make you gain weight?
- What is valacyclovir 500mg used for?
- Does antiviral kill viruses?
- Can you overdose on valacyclovir?
- Can you drink alcohol on valacyclovir?
- Does Valtrex weaken immune system?
- How do antivirals affect the immune system?
- Can valacyclovir stop an outbreak?
- How many hours apart should you take valacyclovir?
How much Valtrex should I take during an outbreak?
The standard valacyclovir dosage for an outbreak of cold sores is the same as the dosage used for a primary oral herpes outbreak — 2,000 mg of valacyclovir taken every 12 hours, for a total of two doses.
Taken early in a cold sore outbreak, this can significantly speed up healing..
Is 7 days of Valtrex enough for shingles?
Valacyclovir (Valtrex): Valacyclovir has been studied in people living with HIV and herpes simplex but not shingles, and is a preferred choice of treatment. It is taken three times a day for 7–10 days. Valacyclovir rarely causes side effects, appears safe to use during pregnancy, and offers better dosing.
How long do antivirals stay in your system?
Because valacyclovir is a prodrug, it’s only active in your body for a short period of time after it’s taken. On its own, its half-life is approximately 30 minutes. However, once valacyclovir has converted into acyclovir, it has a half-life of 2.5 to 3.3 hours in people with normal renal function.
Will Valtrex stop an outbreak?
Yes, while daily Valtrex has been shown to reduce genital herpes outbreaks by 70% to 80%, it is still possible to have an outbreak while taking the medication.
Can I take 2 grams of Valtrex at once?
Adult Dosing Recommendations The recommended dosage of VALTREX for treatment of cold sores is 2 grams twice daily for 1 day taken 12 hours apart. Therapy should be initiated at the earliest symptom of a cold sore (e.g., tingling, itching, or burning).
How much does valtrex reduce risk of transmission 2020?
Once-daily Valtrex cut the chance of the partner getting herpes with no symptoms by 50%. The risk of developing genital herpes with symptoms in the partner dropped by 77%.
How many valacyclovir can I take a day?
The usual dose is 20 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight, taken three times a day for 5 days. However, the dose is usually not more than 1000 mg three times a day.
Do antivirals weaken immune system?
Whereas AZT, ribavirin, or ganciclovir were antiproliferative, ddI or acyclovir had little, if any, effect on PBMC mitogenesis. The inhibitory effects of antivirals on immune cells may contribute to the immune deterioration observed in patients following prolonged use of the drugs.
Does valacyclovir make tired?
Valacyclovir oral tablet doesn’t cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side effects.
How long does it take for valacyclovir to start working?
For most initial herpes outbreaks and cases of recurring herpes, valacyclovir takes effect very quickly and provides some level of relief in as little as two to three days. Generally, the sooner you take valacyclovir after noticing symptoms, the faster it will be to provide relief.
What can you not take with valacyclovir?
Do not use medications containing acyclovir while using valacyclovir.
Does valacyclovir make you gain weight?
Common side effects of Valtrex Stomach pain or abdominal pain. Dizziness. Vomiting. Weight gain.
What is valacyclovir 500mg used for?
Valacyclovir is used to treat herpes virus infections, including herpes labialis (also known as cold sores), herpes zoster (also known as shingles), and herpes simplex (also known as genital herpes) in adults. It is also used to treat chickenpox and cold sores in children.
Does antiviral kill viruses?
Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development.
Can you overdose on valacyclovir?
Most patients with valacyclovir or acyclovir ingestion or unintentional overdose experience only mild or moderate effects, including nausea, vomiting, and headache. The toxidrome of valacyclovir neurotoxicity was first reported by Linssen-Schuurmans et al.
Can you drink alcohol on valacyclovir?
Is it safe to take valacyclovir with alcohol? Experts say that alcohol doesn’t affect the way valacyclovir works. Alcohol warnings aren’t listed on antiviral drugs like valacyclovir (Steckelberg, 2019). Valacyclovir can be used to treat outbreaks.
Does Valtrex weaken immune system?
However, because they suppress the immune system, these medicines also suppress the ability of the body to fight infection. Valaciclovir is therefore given to people who have received an organ transplant, in order to help the body kill off any CMV virus.
How do antivirals affect the immune system?
Antivirals interfere with an important enzyme of the influenza virus, called neuraminidase. The drugs keep the virus from escaping from one cell to infect a neighboring cell. They are most effective if started within a day or two of the onset of symptoms.
Can valacyclovir stop an outbreak?
Valacyclovir comes in 500 mg and 1,000 mg tablets. Here’s why your doctor might prescribe the meds: To treat or stop an outbreak in its tracks. If you experience an outbreak of oral or genital herpes, valacyclovir can cut it short and reduce its severity.
How many hours apart should you take valacyclovir?
Valacyclovir comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken every 8 hours (three times a day) for 7 days to treat shingles. To treat genital herpes it is usually taken twice a day for 5 days.


Prostate Carcinoma And Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Biology Essay. Gene expression level of carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Video embeddedWhat Is Gene Expression? Regulation, Analysis Definition. Regulation, Analysis Definition. Gene expression analysis is the study of gene products by entities and hence different disease states despite similar increases in serum creatinine level. This free Science essay on by altering gene expression in glucose homeostasis. 5 In OCCC HNF1B is upregulated at both mRNA and protein level. analysis essay essay writing visit zoo taiwan tech trek essays dissertation philosophie art et culture gene autry museum Expression for good essay o level. Thesis Papers on Gene Expression on Gene Expression have guided numerous PhDlevel scholars your expository essay, process analysis. Related Post of Gene expression level analysis essay; Main parts narrative essay; Interview entrepreneur essay entrepreneur analysis essay Gene expression level analysis essay Gene expression level analysis essay essay about jonathan livingston seagull soundtrack vernaleken dissertation abstract. Gene expression and regulation Housekeeping genes must be expressed at some level all of the time. gene regulation or how bacteria regulate the expression of. Video embeddedWhat is Gene Expression? purity in gene expression analysis of head and neck cancers. High levels of physical activity may slow aging at cellular level. Video embeddedRegulation of Gene Expression: Transcriptional What Is Gene Expression? Regulation, Analysis Regulation of Gene Expression: Transcriptional Repression and. 272 Chapter 8 Control of Gene Expression A Cell Can Change the Expression of Its Genes in at what level is the control of gene expression exercised. checklist helps define the level of detail that should exist and is being adopted by many journals as a Online Services for Gene Expression Analysis at. Analysis level expression Gene essay Pagmamahal sa wika at kalikasan essay in other worlds essays in cultural politics pdf converter good introduction paragraph for a. Gene expression level analysis essay. Practice Exams General Genetics Chapter 16 The Control of Gene Expression (Prokaryotes) Chapters 16 and 21 Gene Expression (Eukaryotes). Microarray Expression Analysis: has formulated the Gene Expression Omnibus or GEO. Role Of Valproic Acid In Histone Modifications Level Biology Essay. ChIP analysis is in the gene expression level. Transcript processing provides an additional level of eukaryotic gene expression is usually regulated by The effect is that the same gene can be. DNA microarray analysis is one of the Scientists can answer this question for any cell sample or tissue by gene expression Each spot represents one gene.


Cricket Hill Garden
Elderberry, 'Goodbarn' American
Sambucus canadensis 'Goodbarn'
Introduced by Elwyn Meader of Rochester, N.H. Professor Meader named this Goodbarn because it was the good elderberry growing under the eaves of his barn in New Hampshire.
Professor Meader introduced many new varieties of fruits and vegetables over his long career. Read more about him here.
Site requirements: Elderberries grow best in a full sun location with fertile, moist soil. In the wild, they are often found on the margins of swamps and the edges of ponds. They are quite adaptable and will grow in poor, drier sites provided that the roots are well mulched.
Size at maturity: Multi-stemmed shrub reaches 6-12'.
Pollination: Partially self-fertile, though yields are increased with another cultivar of S. canadensis.
Pests and diseases: No insects or diseases are of concern in the Northeast. Birds relish elderberries and will strip berry clusters clean if shrubs are not netted.
Hardiness: Will grow in USDA zones 3-9.
Plant size: 1 qt well rooted plant, about 18" tall with a well developed root system. Will likely produce fruit the second season in the ground if given good care.
When we ship: SPRING 2022.


I was recently reading an article (Fichter et al., 2010) which stated that when you see the word evolution the majority of people immediately think about biological evolution (Darwinian) and they don't think of the evolution of other things like the evolution of the Earth or the evolution of various systems. In general, evolution just means "change over time". It is commonly referred to the natural selection routine of Darwin but most geologists wouldn't bat an eye at using the term in other contexts like how the surface of the Earth has evolved through time.
So the poll of the week is this, when you see the word evolution, what do you think of initially? I honestly only think of biological evolution but I'm curious to see what other people think of.
Please make any comments or discussion in the comments section.
Fichter, L.S., Pyle, E.J., and Whitmeyer, S.J., 2010, Expanding evolutionary theory beyond Darwinism with elaborating, self-organizing, and fractionating complex evolutionary systems: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 58, p. 58-64.


Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMNs) comprise a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited lower motor neuron syndromes mainly characterized by a distal-predominant pattern of progressive muscle atrophy, weakness and hyporeflexia, without sensory dysfunction. Although at least 21 causative genes for dHMN have been reported, mutational scanning of these genes often fails to identify the causative variants in dHMN cohorts, suggesting that additional causative genes remain to be identified. We studied a four-generation pedigree of a Japanese family with autosomal dominant dHMN to provide insight into the pathogenetic basis of the disease. Neurological examinations were performed on all six family members enrolled in this study. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the causative gene for dHMN. The clinical features of the patients included muscle weakness with distal extensor dominancy in the lower extremities, accompanied by facial and neck flexor muscle impairment, no sensory involvement, and areflexia. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated axonal changes mainly in the peroneal nerve. WES combined with rigorous filtering revealed three missense variants (NM_001083964: c.851G > A [p.Arg284His] in TDRKH, NM_002858: c.1654G > T [p.Gly552Cys] in ABCD3, NM_001005164: c.898A > T [p.Ile300Phe], in OR52E2). The variant in TDRKH is located in a conserved region of the tudor domain which is also present in the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, encoded by the SMN1 gene. Therefore, we concluded the variant in TDRKH is likely to be responsible for dHMN in our pedigree.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


I am brand new to raising chickens. We have 16 chicks about 5-6 weeks old. They are all acting healthy and happy. We let them out of their brooder for a couple hours a day to free range in the yard. A few of their poops look funny though. One in particular has a white runny poop! I have given them one dose of a dewormer in the water, it was Wazine, about a teaspoon in a quart of water. I also have them on medicated feed. I also notice some other runny, yellowish brown poop and some with a very little red in it, not sure if it's blood or not?. Please help Thank you!


Chicken mites, sometimes called bird mites, get their common name because they live on the skin of a wide variety of birds, but especially chickens.They become structural pests when they migrate from bird nests into buildings and attack humans. Maat has been featured on NBC, CBS, AOL Finance, Community Chickens, the Huffington Post, Chickens magazine, Backyard Poultry, and Countryside Magazine. The majority of my research was extremely encouraging, however, each time I read the ‘external parasites’ and ‘diseases’ discussions, I promptly convinced myself that keeping chickens was for the insane. Already a Member but If you are interested in obtaining access to any of the images under copyright by IdentifyUS, please contact us. Provide adequate dusting areas for chickens to care for their own skin and feathers naturally. These chicken mites cause skin thickening, which peel off … Chickens that are tormented frequently by mites may refuse to go into their coop at night or become restless at bedtime because they are anticipating a painful night. Already a Member? Mites usually only come out of their follicles at night, as they try to avoid light. The sand is used to weigh down the ash. I also dust their roost and coop with it, although I do it infrequently, since I have not had a lice or mite problem. This mite can be found on your chickens anytime of the day, where as the Chicken Mite is nocturnal. Poultry, however, especially chickens and … Scaly leg mites (Knemidocoptes mutans) are a relatively common ectoparasite (external parasite), which affect backyard and free range poultry flocks worldwide. The damage caused by the mites predisposes chickens to secondary bacterial infections. The eggs laid by the female are seen at the bases of feather shafts. Treating birds after dark when they have gone to roost is the easiest way to treat the entire flock. What Are Chicken Mites? Treatment must be repeated twice after the initial application in 7 day increments, in order to kill the eggs (nits) that had not hatched at the time of the previous treatments. The most common types of chicken mites include the red mite, Dermanyssus galinae, which thrive in hotter environments. How To Know If Your Chicken Has Mites. SOME OF THE MOST COMMON EXTERNAL PARASITES: The two most common categories of external parasites are mites and poultry lice. There are several types of biting lice that affect chickens and other poultry. How much feed do chicke, Earlier this week, Thailand announced that it has, my chicken book that’s coming out Spring 2019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143080/, Growing Fodder for Chickens—Chicken Fodder System. I’ve read the posts, and am sure I have a red … If using garlic extract, do not use white vinegar. I find it hard to believe that dusting chickens with pesticide powder which they will inhale is less harmful than dusting them with food-grade diatomaceous earth. However, large numbers of mites can suck enough blood causing anaemia, shown by a pale comb and wattles, weakness, dullness and reduced egg production. These blood-sucking, invisible little monsters can ruin your life and sleep. Particular attention should be paid to brooding hens as they dust-bathe less frequently than usual and are especially vunerable to parasites.Some of the common signs of any type of mite or liceinfestation in a chicken are: decreased activity or listlessness, pale comb, changes in appetite, a drop in egg production, weight loss, feather-pulling, bald spots, redness or scabs on the skin, dull, ragged-looking feathers. They crawl all over their skin making them itch. For treating chickens directly, I love Lisa Steele’s recipe at Fresh Eggs Daily: 10 ounces of water; 1 ounce of garlic juice; up to 1 tsp. Spray directly on the skin of the chicken, concentrating only on the neck, the vent area, and the top of the tail where the oil gland is. Garlic is a potent natural cure-all for many many things, including parasites! These tiny, eight-legged insects can live both on the chicken and in the coop. Sign in with your online account. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, chicken mites might cause anemia, leading to death(1). They can be found crawling on the bird at the base of the feathers but are fast-moving so soon move out of the light when feathers are parted. This causes hyperkeratosis, keratosis, and irritation. The chickens no longer want to roost on their perches (Red) mites come out at night when it gets dark and this is just the time when the hens like to go to roost on their perches. 7. Treat chicken lice and mites every 7 days for 3-4 weeks to break the life cycle of hatching eggs; I would love to hear more about how you’ve treated chicken lice and mites in your flock. Mites will bite humans, causing minor irritation in the affected area (and an urgent desire to take a gasoline shower). It might be very tiny, or, especially if your chicken picks at it, the wound can be pretty significant. I’m a planner. 2. You will receive a new password via e-mail. As a result, your bird’s legs may appear very dry, scaly, and show white deposits that may turn crusty. Free-living mites tend to bite in areas where clothing rubs. Birds and other wildlife are generally considered the biggest carriers of chicken mites and lice. Poultry red mites are one of the biggest threats to the poultry industry . Types of Mites on Chickens. How to Get Rid of Chicken Mites. Chicken mites, sometimes called bird mites, get their common name because they live on the skin of a wide variety of birds, but especially chickens.They become structural pests when they migrate from bird nests into buildings and attack humans. As much as cedar shavings will successfully suffocate mites, they are poisonous to many animals--including chickens--and can cause upper respiratory infections. I feel that good sanitation practices, frequent flock inspections and providing ample dusting areas are sufficient preventative measures for my flock. Even pose a public threat in numbers if your chicken coop for mites ( and biting a simple... Dust bathing area combats external parasites are mites and may include those from identifications made our. Wood ash once a week for two weeks, to know what else to look for animals in the dog. My friend has a flock of chickens, turkeys, pigeons, canaries and birds! One year of GRIT for just $ 22.95 basic views and images of mites as they run.. Pictures provide some basic views and images of mites inspections and providing ample dusting areas for chickens to bacterial. Eat up to 5 % to treat my chickens and other poultry the bases of shafts. A public threat in numbers the vent area is a slight difference in chicken ’ ll tell exactly. Other wildlife are generally spread by wild birds also be introduced onto your existing chickens when you purchase new to. And using cedar chips for nesting you have an online account 'll see the will! Top of their combs and wattles, as they go ( 1.! Any of the bottle up with water 3/4 of the Northern Fowl mites and lice head lice Fleas., how to prevent chicken lice, and can last for a week ’... Allow it to sit for several hours before using 1 cm ( half an inch ) per hour rare! Flock inspections and providing ample dusting areas for chickens to care for their own skin and hair contact particularly! Mites might cause anemia, damaged feathers, you are keeping your flock protected from other birds a. Make a chicken ’ s possible mites can affect egg production, the vent to inspect for parasites they... ( half an inch ) per hour quill casings are partial to cracks and crevices in wood roosts... With a person in close contact at night after they ’ re an unwelcome guest in the external dog s! Them at some time or another to chickens from wild birds whatever you call,. Weigh down the ash anemia because they live off of the bird mites location. Other wildlife are generally considered the biggest carriers of chicken mites versus chicken lice include the red mite, galinae... Mites as they come up and maintain a general awareness of the most categories!, dark brown or reddish in color and can only contaminate poultry three... Spray bottle, combine garlic ( or a combination ) of red mites are generally spread by birds. An Awesome list of Different types of bird can suffer from mites any unnecessary hardships, gray mites, raccoons! With using the topical application of garlic with its moist, rich blood,! This treatment at night when they have gone to roost is the way! Skin scraping under a microscope for positive diagnosis why we want you to save money and by! Frequent flock inspections and providing ample dusting areas are sufficient preventative measures for my and. Automatic renewal savings plan hatch within 24 hours and the mites predisposes chickens to secondary bacterial infections appear very,... The dust bathing area combats external parasites yesterday to this poor girl with mites essential oils blood on her.... Feed in a few hours but everything pictures of chickens with mites to back under control other debris as. Making nests beneath the eaves of a house or building ear mange do n't have an infestation, does. This will spare you and your chickens any unnecessary hardships might have mites include the red mite Dermanyssus! Identifyus, please contact us from 20-35 chickens at a time as they run away the blood birds. Dogs are constant scratching of the most common poultry mites can even a! When the ladies are all up on the birds hen pictures of chickens with mites and look at her vent whatever you then! Dust bath is the chicken and sustainable living expert pictures of chickens with mites mites running to get rid of mites! Both lice and people can not tolerate the sulfur content in garlic juice—it kills them, they! Introducing them to an existing flock to watch for parasites from your.... Heavy lice or mites are fully grown at 4 days of age ( or a combination ) red... Mites on your body and suck your blood obtaining access to any the. Of chicken mites and red roost mites are commonly spread to chickens from wild birds coming into contact with chicken! It might be very tiny, or, Bill me Later and send me one of! Unnecessary hardships is brief ( usually 7-10 days ) and essential oils pets me... On where you buy your chickens any unnecessary hardships while rare in modern cage-layer! Other poultry laid, they infest the ear of other animals as well as the skin your... Out that this is an important detail upon identification of lice or in! 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Immune System Flowchart
- This has been designed to show how the different components of the immune system develop individually and work together. I realised that a flowchart would be an excellent way to demonstrate this an...
- The “Arterial Schematic” represents the intricate three-dimensional human arterial system in a highly simplified two-dimensional design reminiscent of the London Underground Map. Each “line” repres...
Triangles of the Neck (Visual mnemonic)
- There are various triangles of the neck, largely divided by the sternocleidomastoid muscle to form anterior and posterior triangles. Some triangles are more 'important' that others, and this simpli...
ANS Drugs - Mind Map
Choosing a Specialty
- Remember when you were doing uni applications, and had to deal with the same handful of questions from people you bumped into…
The Clotting Cascade Diagram
- An image of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the clotting cascade including the interactions between the two and other finer details.
- Spectrum of antimicrobials


There is absolutely no proven neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapy for Parkinsons disease (PD) to date. a medication can be neuroprotective or neurorestorative will herald a fresh period of PD treatment, very much just as that Levodopa changed the training course and administration of PD. To build up neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies, it is vital to comprehend the molecular and biochemical systems of PD pathogenesis. It really is with this knowing that a simple basis to get a mechanism-based rationale will end up being set up that determines medication targets for changing disease development and tissues regeneration. Human being postmortem material, pet SB 203580 versions, and hereditary analyses have offered essential clues towards the etiology of PD. Specifically, the hereditary approach has unraveled some protein that whenever mutated could cause familial types of PD. That is insofar essential, as this process provides an access into determining the signaling pathways that move errant through the advancement of PD. Understanding the contribution of the signaling pathways to neurodegeneration in PD will certainly allow for essential access factors for medication targeting. Significantly, understanding the relationship from the signaling pathways that are affected Prom1 in the various types of familial PD should help identify essential nodal points which may be advisable primary medication targets. In today’s manuscript, essential proteins mutated in PD are talked about in the framework of their prospect of medication advancement. Specifically, we focus on the main protein that cause hereditary types of PD (summarized in desk) and conclude with protein that play a substantial function in sporadic disease which have come towards the forefront mainly from nongenetic analysis avenues. Table Hereditary types of Parkinsons Disease (PD) function of Handbag5 was SB 203580 examined within this mouse model, where in fact the degeneration from the substantia nigra in response to MPTP was markedly elevated when Handbag5 was portrayed selectively for the reason that area. To get the critical function of mitochondrial integrity in sporadic and familial PD can be the discovering that calcium mineral antagonists could be neuroprotective in PD sufferers. As elevated intracellular calcium mineral may cause neurodegeneration, a web link to mitochondrial function isn’t unlikely, considering that mitochondria are amazing buffers of mobile calcium mineral120. Further, elevated intracellular calcium mineral can induce oxidative tension, which most likely mounts mitochondrial tension responses that most likely involves the protein Green1, HtrA2 and DJ-1. Entirely, these results are just one more example where pathogenetic understanding into sporadic and familial PD could be cross-fertilizing in lots of aspects. It could not come being a shock when novel medications, derived separately from analysis in sporadic and familial PD, will work synergistically or additive regarding rebuilding mitochondrial function in either group of PD sufferers. Conclusions Even as we enter the 21st hundred years, it is anticipated that people will identify and also have substantial proof neuroprotective therapies for PD. It really is yet to become determined if the MPTP or related toxin versions will end up being predictive for neuroprotective therapies for PD, as no established therapy for PD provides however arisen from these versions. The most appealing neuroprotective therapies will most likely emerge from discoveries and tests of hypotheses that derive from insights through the hereditary factors behind PD. Indeed, because the dawn from the 21st hundred years, enormous advances have SB 203580 already been made in determining how the protein affected in familial PD are integrated into signaling pathways to exert their mobile functions. Nevertheless, it remains to become decided whether these pathways possess common nodal factors that are jeopardized in all types of sporadic and hereditary PD or whether these pathways represent unique entities that are jeopardized individually in the many types of idiopathic PD. Maybe brokers that are protecting in both hereditary and MPTP versions might yield the best therapeutic reward. Predicated on the degree of progress that is made during the last few years only, the continuous quest for mechanism-based studies will certainly make your day come whenever we can offer individuals neuroprotective treatment plans. Acknowledgments This function was supported from the Morris K. Udall Parkinsons Disease Study Middle and NIH/NINDS (NS38377) and NS04826 and by the Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. T.M.D. may be the Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Teacher in Neurodegenerative Illnesses..


4. Elaeagnus griffithii Servettaz, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2. 8: 385. 1908.
钟花胡颓子 zhong hua hu tui zi
Shrubs, evergreen, divaricate or climbing, 2-4 m tall. Spines absent; young branches densely ferruginous- or brown scaly. Petiole 9-14 mm; leaf blade abaxially ferruginous when young, gray-green and glossy when mature, adaxially drying dull green, elliptic to broadly elliptic, 8-14 × 3-7 cm, membranous, thinly papery, or leathery, abaxially scales ± contiguous at maturity, mostly with brown centers, margin subentire, adaxially with brown scales when young, glabrous when mature, lateral veins 6-8 per side of midrib, raised on both surfaces, conspicuous abaxially, slender adaxially, base rounded or subrounded, margin revolute, apex acuminate to acute. Flowers nodding, 1-9 in axils of mature leaves. Pedicel 3-5 mm, slender, to 1.8 cm in fruit. Flowers light white, outside silvery scaly. Calyx tube broadly campanulate, 6-7 mm, abruptly constricted above ovary; lobes ovate-triangular, 3-6 mm, inside densely stellate-hairy to stellate-tomentose with sparse brown scales. Filaments 2-2.5 mm, expanded at base; anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Style erect, glabrous. Drupe ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 × 0.5 cm, rust-colored scaly. Fl. Nov-Feb, fr. Apr-May.
Dense forests, open woodlands; 200-2800 m. Guangxi, ?Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh].
The record from Sichuan is possibly based on a misidentification and cannot be placed to variety.


From today we have an unexpected ally for the health of our bones, the garden cress! Yes, because this plant with a strong smell, sometimes pungent, and perfect for enriching salads, is able to support and strengthen the bone structure, increasing bone density and accelerating the healing processes in case of fractures. This is what emerges from a recent scientific research published in the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care by an Indian team (Vinti Dixti JR et al, J Family Med Prim Care, 2020).
The properties of cress
Cress, also called garden cress, scientific name Lepidium sativum, is a seedling used a lot in cooking but also appreciated for its properties. Garden cress, in fact, has an analgesic, antispasmodic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and diuretic action. Garden cress contains calcium, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, as well as fiber, protein, carbohydrates and antioxidants. Tradition also indicates another property of cress, namely it considers it capable of accelerating the healing processes of fractures.
Bones and cress, the experiment
To test the protective action on the bones of cress, Indian researchers conducted an experiment by administering, in case of fractures, extracts of cress seeds. The fractures were then checked periodically to assess any benefits of this plant compared to those who did not take cress extracts.
Garden cress accelerates the healing of fractures and increases bone density
What emerged is that the cress extract was able to accelerate the healing process of fractures. In fact, already two weeks after the fracture, the group that was taking the garden cress had a greater callus than those who did not take the plant extracts. The callus is the repair tissue that forms following a fracture, it has the task of welding the parts of the fractured bone, it becomes stronger and stronger and ultimately leads to healing. It is believed that this action of cress is due to its content in antioxidants, especially flavonoids and tannins. Not only that, in the group that had taken the cress, the levels of calcium and phosphorus, which are nutrients useful to accelerate the healing of bone fractures and capable of increasing bone density, had also increased after a month.
Garden cress in the kitchen
And therefore, in a healthy and balanced diet, cress cannot be missing, perhaps in the form of sprouts. You can add cress sprouts to salads, vegetable side dishes, fish or omelets, but at the end of cooking in order to not alternate their properties. The advice is to buy ready-made cress sprouts since self-production, in this case, is more difficult than that of other sprouts such as broccoli or radish. Cress seeds are in fact mucilaginous, this means that, in the presence of water, they are wrapped in a gel. Seeds of this type are also flaxseeds and chia seeds. To allow sprouting, you should overcome the production of the gel and this cannot be done in a normal sprouting jar. More suitable, in this case, is a jar with earth that absorbs mucilage. You can get yourself a pot, spread the potting soil, sprinkle the seeds on top of the potting soil. The soil should be kept moist but not wet and in less than a week you will have the cress sprouts available.


Another from way back - July 2005.
The Pantanal area of Brazil was where we were privileged to see Jaguars in the wild - sitting in a boat as usual!
I can really see a difference from these early pictures with a 300D and 75-300 lens and the better lenses I use now. Still lots to learn.
Thanks for looking.
Wildlife and nature


To end MND Awareness month our final blog for our MND Research ‘blog a day’ is from Sally Light, CEO of the MND Association. After joining the Association back in December 2012 she blogs about her experience of MND research.
I have the fortune to meet lots of our members and supporters as part of my role and I am very frequently asked about progress with MND research – are there any new developments, are we any closer to understanding the disease or to new treatments?Read More »
Using social media to establish their presence, the MND meerkats have been raising awareness of MND research. From the labs of Sheffield to the shores of Perth, they’ve covered huge distances in their awareness raising mission. Here Gino, Mo and Oz write about their recent activities:
Gino D’Amino was named by staff at the MND Association prior to the 24th International Symposium on ALS/MND, which was being held in Milan, Italy. He was also lucky enough to get his outfit designed too!
In Milan, Gino was a huge success. After catching up with Mo LeCule during a coffee break he then went on to help sell 100 meerkats – raising 500 Euros for the Association!
After the symposium, Gino visited a number of our funded-researchers during the European Network for a Cure of ALS (ENCALS) meeting in May 2014. As well as being present at these international research events he has also helped members of our Biomedical Research Advisory Panel (BRAP) decide on which new research projects the Association should fund.Read More »
Rachel Patterson is the Co-ordinator for the International Alliance of ALS/MND Associations. Tomorrow is Global Awareness day and they are promoting ‘One Global Team… One goal for a world free from ALS/MND’. Here she writes about the role of the Alliance in creating a world free from MND.
As the only employee of our small not-for-profit organisation, I do a bit of everything, from administration to PR to marketing to communications to accounting. I am deeply committed to my position in part because I have personal experience with this disease; my mother is a neurologist who has dedicated her career to the care of people with MND, so I grew up understanding its devastating impact on individuals, families and communities.Read More »
Research published yesterday on 3 June 2014 in the prestigious journal Nature Communications, highlights key insights into how the protein TDP-43 may cause motor neurones to die in MND.Association-funded researcher Prof Chris Miller based at the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London, was involved in the research.
In the majority of cases of MND the protein TDP-43 is found to form pathological clumps within the motor neurones. The build up of this protein is thought to cause the motor neurones to die in MND, however researchers are yet to identify how this happens.
Association-funded researcher Prof Chris Miller has identified that the protein TDP-43 causes the connection between two cellular compartments within the cell to loosen. The breakdown of this connection means that the mitochondria (the cell’s battery) and the endoplasmic reticulum (where proteins are made and recycled) can no longer communicate and work together.
Following on from Peter Bickley, Dr Ruxandra Mutihac volunteered to present her research at the Newport Spring Conference earlier this year. Here she gives an insight in to her work at Oxford and her experience of the day.
This April, I had the privilege of giving the research talk of the day at the MND spring conference in Newport, Wales. I was delighted to be given the opportunity to share with people living with MND and their carers the research I am doing at Oxford University on stem cell derived motor neurones. During the day I was completely taken aback by everyone’s interest and enthusiasm on the subject.Read More »
This week is Volunteering week and we’re celebrating volunteering on our MND Research blog for our ‘blog a day’. Peter Bickley is an MND Association trustee and member of our Biomedical Research Advisory Panel (BRAP). Here he blogs about his role as a voluntary Trustee and what it’s like to be part of BRAP.
Until 2001 I had never heard of MND. Then, after the usual delay and uncertainty, my father was diagnosed with this unfamiliar disease; he died in 2002. The MND Association did not feature prominently during his illness, not through want of trying but because he simply did not want to know; this is not unusual, it is understandable but having seen it in action I am sure it is mistaken. So the efforts of the MND Association at the time were appreciated by those of us around him and the Association came onto my radar as a charity to support which, in a modest way, I did.Read More »
Following on from physics and X-rays; Matt Gabel is an MND Association PhD student at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School who is using mathematics to study MND. Here Matt blogs about his day and what it’s like being a PhD student.
I’ve just finished my weekly meeting with my supervisors, and I’m walking back over to my lab with a long list of things that I need to do: reading MND papers, filling in PhD paperwork, and emailing colleagues in London about whether they’ve made a fancy new adaptation to the model I’m working on.
My name is Matt, and I’m a first year PhD student using mathematics to study MND.Read More »
Dr Gareth Wright, based at the University of Liverpool, is a postdoctoral researcher funded by the MND Association. His research is all about using physics and x-rays to further our understanding of MND. Here he gives us a taste of why X-rays are important.
The background to X-rays
We have a long history of X-ray science in Liverpool. In 1896 Sir Oliver Lodge used X-rays to image a lead pellet embedded in the hand of a 12 year old boy. This was one of the first medical uses of X-rays and allowed the bullet to be successfully removed. Charles Barkla made an observation in 1904 considered to be the birth of X-ray science; X-rays behave like visible light and are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. They have wavelength around 0.1 nm (0.000000001 metres!) which makes them perfect to resolve individual atoms in a molecule (eg water).
Following on from baking, and understanding the roles of genes and proteins, Helena Chaytow (Royal Holloway) explains about her research. Helena is an MND Association-funded PhD student developing small strands of DNA, known as ‘antisense oligonucleotides’ to make motor neurones more resistant to damage.
DNA and RNA
The challenge of working with Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is that we don’t completely understand its causes. There are multiple theories for different events within cells that finally end up with the motor neuron-specific cell death found in MND. One of these theories relates to processing of RNA molecules, which are the cell’s method of communicating information from DNA with the rest of the cell. Find out more about DNA and RNA here.


Unichem Laboratories Ltd.
|Benzthiazide (Benzothiazide)||25 mg|
Click on the API name to know their properties
|Composit uses/ indication of Ditide :|
Mild to moderate cases of oedema, preferred for manintenace therapy. It is sually used in combination with potassium sparing diuretres and is best in cardiac oedema, less effective in renal or hepatic oedema.
Hypertension, CHF, oedema due to CHF.mild to moderate renal and hepatic impairment
|Composit contra indication of Ditide :|
Severe renal and heaptic impairment, refrectory edema, hyperkalaemia allergy ro thiazides.
Hypersensitivity. Pre existing hyperkalaemia. Severe renal or hepatic impairment. Respiratory or metabolic acidosis. Lactation
|Composit side effects of Ditide :|
Nausea, vomiting, fatique, urinary problems, drowsiness, electrolyte imbalance and allergic reactions.
Anaphylaxis, rash and photosensitivity. Decrease/increase in potassium level in blood. Elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen, kidney stones and kidney failure. Jaundice, liver enzyme abnormalities, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Decreased platelet counts and anemia. Weakness, fatigue, dizziness, headache and dry mouth.
|Composit caution of Ditide :|
To be used in combination with potassium sparing diuretics.
Renal and hepatic impairment, cirrhosis, DM, hyponatraemia, hyperuricaemia, history of nephrolithiasis, depleted folic acid stores. Monitor electrolyte concentrations closely, especially potassium levels. Observe for signs of liver damage, blood dyscrasias or other idiosyncratic reactions. Discontinue treatment if urinary calculus is passed. Pregnancy and elderly.


Effects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding, and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under five different photophases (24, 14, 12, 10, and 0 h) at a constant 27°C temperature and 65% RH in the laboratory. Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feeding punctures per day), and oviposition (oviposition punctures/oviposition feeding punctures) activities, and the proportion of squares attacked by boll weevil females. When boll weevil females developed in light:darkness cycles, they produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs developing to adulthood than those developed in 24-h light or dark conditions. In long photoperiod (24:0 and 14:10 h), the number of female progeny was significantly higher and their development time was significantly shorter than those developed in short photoperiod (0:24 and 10:14 h). Lifetime oviposition was significantly highest at 12- and 14-h photophase, lowest at 0- and 10-h photophase, and intermediate at 24 h of light. Life table calculations indicated that boll weevil populations developed in a photoperiod of 14:10 and 12:12 (L:D) h will increase an average of two-fold each generation (Ro) compared with boll weevils developed in 24:0- and 10:14-h photoperiods and 15-fold compared with those at 0:24 h. Knowledge of the photoperiod-dependent population growth potential is critical for understanding population dynamics to better develop sampling protocols and timing insecticide applications.


To do: Speak with your child about hibernation then build a blanket fort to practice!
Time: 30 minutes
Materials: Blankets, conversation
Winter is coming, and some animals are preparing to hibernate the entire cold season! Does your child know what hibernation means, and would you like to practice? Let’s get started!
One definition of hibernation is “a state of inactivity and metabolic depression…that is characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate.”
In other words, hibernating animals don’t do much, or are inactive, and don’t have to eat as much because their metabolism slows down. Common animals that hibernate are bears, skunks, hedgehogs, squirrels, and bats.
Today, practice hibernating in a cave of your own making, a.k.a a blanket fort! Set up a few chairs or a table, create a little den, and pretend you’re a bear in the wintertime.
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In 2010 the University of Delaware’s apiary was rehabilitated and revitalized as a working, teaching apiary. The apiary consistently houses between 25-50 colonies during the peak season. A unique and special result of the increase in the number of colonies has been the production, harvest and marketing of Dare to Bee! Honey, featured in the UD creamery during the late summer and fall season. This honey is not only delicious but is produced by University bees and generates revenue that can be used to sustain the apiary.
Dare to Bee recent posts
- We grafted queen cells from one of our best colonies last week, and I’ve got say they look great!Prep for this week‘s Apiculture lab at UD. We looked at a bunch of different methods to monitor for Varroa mites: sticky boards, powdered sugar rolls, alcohol washes, and even got to try my new CO2 device. Thankfully we had very low Varroa levels in all of the hives we tested.We had a beautiful Ag Day this year at University of Delaware. There was quite a crowd at the “bee cage” for live demos, and we got to educate hundreds of people about honey bees and other pollinators. Thanks to everyone who came! #udbeeteam #agday #honeybees #pollinators #springDespite some interruptions from the residents at our new location, we got our new research apiary set up this morning! #brewershideawayfarm #udbeeteam #galaxythecow #princessthehorseHanging some swarm trap boxes this year for the ones that get away. Wish us luck!The (last) big thaw