About six out of every 10 children under the age of 5 in the U.S. attend some form of out-of-home care, says guest parenting expert Laura Jana, MD. For many families, the important issue of how their child’s caregivers handle potty training can make all the difference.
Positive peer pressure from seeing friends who are already potty trained use the potty, combined with supportive caregivers, can sometimes provide the incentive for a reluctant child to potty train when he hasn’t mastered that ability with parental efforts alone.
Jana owns a child care center herself, and she explains that many centers have licensing requirements they must follow. These requirements often mandate that kids who are not potty trained must be in classrooms that have a changing table. That, and mandatory staff-to-student ratios, often provide the background reasoning for why many centers don’t let kids move up to the “preschool room” until they are potty trained.
Ask your caregiver these questions:
- How do you handle bathroom safety?
- What are your hygiene practices?
- How do you respond to a child who has a potty accident?
One mother recalls that her son, now almost 3 years old, had a tough time with a difficult teacher at his day care. Urinating in the toilet posed no problem by the time he was a little over 2 years old, but he was still having poop accidents until he was 29 months old. In order to encourage her son to potty train for bowel movements, they used no diapers or training pants. One teacher got angry with her son when he pooped his pants, leaving the boy so afraid of her that he would try to hold in his bowel movements whenever she was present.
She notes that her son’s center now has a “young 3s” class where they work on potty training with a substantial group of 3-year-olds who are not yet trained.
What have been your experiences with potty training in day care situations? Has day care potty training been helpful to your child or not?


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- What are the 6 leadership capabilities?
- How can I be inclusive at work?
- What are the 4 qualities of inclusive leader?
- What is inclusive process?
- What does it mean to be an inclusive leader?
- How can a person be inclusive?
- What do u mean by inclusive education?
- What’s the opposite of inclusive?
- What does it mean when someone is inclusive?
- What is an example of inclusive?
- What is inclusive planning?
- What an inclusive classroom looks like?
- What are inclusive values?
- What is another word for inclusive?
- How do I become an inclusive leader?
- What is inclusive decision making?
- Why is it important to be inclusive?
- What is a disability?
What are the 6 leadership capabilities?
Leadership and CLF capabilitiesvision.self-leadership.motivating and inspiring.empowering others.collaborating and influencing.creativity and innovation..
How can I be inclusive at work?
We’ve compiled a few facts that employers, leaders, and managers can use:Emphasize the business case for diversity and inclusion. … Recognize bias. … Practice inclusive leadership. … Provide sponsorship programs. … Hold leaders accountable.
What are the 4 qualities of inclusive leader?
6 Characteristics of Inclusive LeadersCommitment. Cultivating a diverse, inclusive workforce takes time and energy, two of a leader’s most precious commodities. … Courage. Inclusive leaders demonstrate courage in two ways. … Cognizance of bias. … Curiosity. … Cultural intelligence. … Collaborative.
What is inclusive process?
Diverse views are engaged. The process is deliberative, yielding new understandings of problems and opportunities for action. The participants in the process take part in defining the problem, the process for decision-making, and the decision outcomes.
What does it mean to be an inclusive leader?
Inclusive leaders are people-oriented, great listeners, able to tap into the talents and motivations of their teams. They are patient, understanding, soft-spoken, and genuinely interested in others. A preference for the familiar can keep this type of leader from initiating or embracing change.
How can a person be inclusive?
7 Simple Ways to To Be More Inclusive in Work and LifeUse inclusive language. … Expose yourself to counterstereotyping imagery (as simple as a screensaver) … Consider your office furnishings. … Empower mentors for underrepresented groups. … Use social media to amplify new voices. … Find members of underrepresented groups that you admire. … Use your imagination: Counterprogram your brain.
What do u mean by inclusive education?
Inclusive education means all children in the same classrooms, in the same schools.
What’s the opposite of inclusive?
inclusive. Antonyms: exclusive, excepted, renunciative, adversative. Synonyms: comprehensive, embracing, additive, implied.
What does it mean when someone is inclusive?
The word inclusive means to include others or another. When inclusivity relates to people on an interpersonal level it means: Covering or including everyone. (This is non-discrimination or in its opposite discrimination.) Open to everyone : not limited to certain people.
What is an example of inclusive?
The definition of inclusive is something that does not leave any part or group out. An example of inclusive is a school that has students of all races and backgrounds. “Inclusive.” YourDictionary.
What is inclusive planning?
Inclusive planning is Veidekke’s version of “lean” construction. The direction can be described as a planning method that aids production flow by ensuring that tasks are done in the right order, that obstacles to flow are reduced and that everyone participates in the planning of their working day.
What an inclusive classroom looks like?
What Does an Inclusive Classroom Look Like? … Simply stated, inclusion is about ALL students belonging! Decisions are made on the basis of student needs and not on labels and places. The general education classroom at the student’s enrolled grade level is the reference point for student-specific planning.
What are inclusive values?
1. Appreciating diversity, equality and equity, cooperativeness, participation, community, and sustainability are examples of inclusive values that are fundamental for successful inclusive education.
What is another word for inclusive?
What is another word for inclusive?comprehensivefulloverallblanketglobalumbrellacompleteexhaustivesweepingbroad233 more rows
How do I become an inclusive leader?
10 Ways to Be a More Inclusive LeaderCall attention to unconscious bias. … Provide a network of support. … Create spaces for open dialogue. … Be open to and ask for feedback as a leader. … Open up seats at the table. … Challenge the status quo to bring in new ideas. … Be transparent and create clear communication channels. … Understand that you don’t know everything.More items…•
What is inclusive decision making?
Inclusive decision making is a simple idea — if you measure, manage and improve who is involved and how business decisions are made across your company, you can improve business performance. Inclusive decision making activates diversity to improve innovation, engagement, and results across the enterprise.
Why is it important to be inclusive?
Inclusive education (when practiced well) is very important because: All children are able to be part of their community and develop a sense of belonging and become better prepared for life in the community as children and adults. … It provides all children with opportunities to develop friendships with one another.
What is a disability?
A disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities (activity limitation) and interact with the world around them (participation restrictions).


The basalt floods draped over some great continental plateaux and considerable areas of the ocean floor, ocean islands far from plate boundaries and the volcanic provinces sitting at the ends of various oceanic island chains are with little doubt the product of plume-like masses rising from great depth in the mantle. What is not so well agreed is just what bit of a plume underwent partial melting to make the magma, the depth at which that took place and the prevailing temperature. There is some support for plumes that rise from a mantle transition zone about 700 km down, where there is an abrupt increase in temperature. Such plumes form a hot head when they impact the lithosphere, and that should be the source for magma. Plumes that rise from the core mantle boundary, should in theory have heads that are cooler than their tails, and which grow hugely by being stalled at the 700 km discontinuity. The two combined might form little plumes that rise from a big head at 700 km that spreads laterally. Nicholas Arndt gives a neat summary of these unseen ramifications in a recent issue of Nature (Arndt, N. 2000. Hot heads and cold tails. Nature, 407, 458-461).
Arndt was moved to make his comments by evidence from Namibian flood basalts from the 128-138 Ma old Paraná-Etendeka large igneous province (Thompson, R.N. and Gibson, S.A. 2000. Transient high temperatures in mantle plume heads inferred from magnesian olivines in Phanerozoic picrites. Nature, 407, 502-506). Thompson and Gibson found highly magnesian olivine crystals, among more normal ones, in basaltic dykes that cut the Etendeka basalts. The more Mg-rich an olivine is the more primitive (the more like the composition of the mantle) the magma from which it crystallized. They calculate that these anomalous olivines equilibrated with a magma with 24% MgO (compared with the <10% of most basalts) – probably a komatiite. But they are in much more evolved basalts, so they suggest that a primitive magma at the hot head of a plume that hit the lithosphere itself underwent fractional crystallization to produce plain basalt. They draw from that the conclusion that the plume head was 300-400°C hotter than the surrounding mantle – as expected in the first plume model above. Arndt is sceptical, partly because there are so many unknowns about the source region and partly because there are many other possible explanations. He suggests more similar work and other kinds of geochemical research on large igneous provinces in general. To that might be added looking for some of the possible mechanical consequences of hot or cool plume heads.


On the Learning Tools website, your options include 10-question ASVAB General Science practice tests. These ask you to use terms in context, define terms, and complete basic math problems. You may also be asked to categorize items and answer questions related to general scientific facts. The ASVAB Math Practice Tests are exercises that challenge your ability to correctly answer word problems based on sales and profit, speed, time, area, and other relational concepts.
It's important to understand the difference between the ASVAB Standard Scores, and the ASVAB AFQT score. Test takers will receive a separate score for each of the nine sections on the ASVAB. These scores are known as Standard Scores. A Standard Score is used to determine how the test taker compares to the "average" 18-23 year old American on that part of the ASVAB. Not long ago, a large number of people in this age group were given the tests, and these results are the benchmark for Standard Scores. Around half the people in this age group will score a 50 or higher, and about 16% will score a 60 or higher. In other words, the scoring is based on a standard bell curve distribution. Standard Scores are very important when it comes to determining which military job a person will be assigned to.
The Word Knowledge section of the test gauges your ability to recognize the meaning of words both individually and when used in a sentence. A question may be phrased as, “‘Antagonize’ most nearly means: embarrass, struggle, provoke, or worship.” Because there are so many words in the English language, you may find it difficult to study the specific words on the test. However, striving to improve your language and vocabulary usage with a practice test like this one can help you not only in preparing for the ASVAB test but also in your career and personal life. The CAT-ASVAB test has 16 questions in 8 minutes, while the paper-and-pencil version has 35 questions in 11 minutes.
Once you have learned about yourself, you are ready to begin exploring different career options. Chances for a rewarding career are improved if you select a career field that matches your interests, values, skills, and abilities. While learning about various careers, you should be constantly asking yourself, “How well does this career match my current interests, values, and abilities?” and “Will this career lead to a lifestyle I want?”
Many high schools give students the opportunity to take the ASVAB as part of career exploration. If you chose not to take one in high school, then you will have to schedule a time to take it. You can contact the Armed Forces Recruiting Officer in your area and you can schedule an appointment with a local recruiter from the branch of the military you wish to join.
Once you've received your free test results, we'll provide a custom list of video lessons that focuses on the concepts you need to study most. You'll learn from expert instructors who have crafted engaging video lessons, and you can test your knowledge with lesson quizzes. The ASVAB courses cover only material that you'll encounter on the ASVAB, so you'll know that you're focusing on the topics that will have the biggest impact on your score. Topical chapter exams will further help you solidify your understanding of important terms, concepts and formulas from the course. And you'll always stay on track with our custom study schedule, which keeps you on track with reminders of what and when to study.
The Student ASVAB is the most flexible of the exams. It is typically provided to high school students to help them assess their skills, job prospects, potential military positions, or college majors. The ASVAB for students is essentially the same as the MET ASVAB exam, only students are not necessarily testing for positions within the military. The students’ school counselors examine their scores and help them decide on what to do after graduating from high school. This test is still an important component of a student’s education because it can help them identify their strengths and weaknesses and help set them on the right track for their future career goals.


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role of Chiang Kai-shek
After these excursions into public life, Chiang lapsed into obscurity. For two years (1916–17) he lived in Shanghai, where he apparently belonged to the Green Gang (Qing Bang), a secret society involved in financial manipulations. In 1918 he reentered public life by joining Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang. Thus began the close association with Sun on which...
What made you want to look up Green Gang?


Electrical engineers work in a wide variety of fields from
nanoscale computer circuits to megawatt-scale power stations. They get involved
with biomedical and rehabilitation engineering, signal processing, control systems
and robotics, dielectrics and high voltage work, gravity materials science, motor
drives and power quality. Career options include circuit designer, communication
engineer, power engineer, system engineer and signal processing.
Computer engineers work on all aspects of computer
hardware, software and the interface between the two. Computer engineers run
today’s technological society, including our telecommunication systems, power
grids, and even banking systems and businesses. Computer engineering
career options include computer hardware design, interactive graphical user
interface design, software tool development, multimedia and networked
systems, enterprise technology and micro- and nanoelectronics.
Mechanical engineers make an impact on almost
every aspect of modern society due to their vital role in the design, manufacturing
and production of prostheses, engines, machineries, as well as vehicles that
navigate underwater, on the ground and into space. Areas of specialization include
biomechanics, machine design, robotics, manufacturing, welding processes, fluids
and thermal sciences, metallic and nonmetallic materials properties, acoustics
and laser processing, internal combustion engines, computer-aided design and
manufacturing. Specific fields of study can range from biomechanics and assistive
technologies for the disabled to automation and robotics systems, engine and
propulsion systems, and the design of ships, submarines and bullet trains.
Aeronautical Engineering encompasses all areas
related to aircraft and aviation. Aircraft design, low- and high-speed aerodynamics,
light-weight structures, stability and control of aerospace vehicles, and propulsion
system design are but a few examples. Career options include propulsion systems
design and testing, high-speed aerodynamics, airframe design, wind tunnel testing,
flight testing of new vehicles, as well as design of cabin comfort systems, high-
speed trains, unmanned spacecrafts, space stations, and underwater vehicles.
Related areas include wind energy systems and ground vehicle drag reduction.
If you’re interested in engineering, but you don’t know what
field attracts you most, Engineering Studies will make a great place to start.You can
enroll in engineering, begin with a common core curriculum, sample activities in all
engineering majors, and wait to declare a major until your second year at Clarkson.
Every sphere of human activity is growing more complicated and interdependent. Local issues are becoming global. Technology
is everyone’s concern. And the answers to tomorrow’s complex issues require cooperation among many people — today.
The Coulter School of Engineering prepares graduates to work in this complex, interconnected global village. We give all
students a solid foundation in science, engineering, humanities and management.
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering:
Chemical and biomolecular engineers deal with many problems that arise in a
technical society. They make, or perfect, useful products like gasoline, nylon, paper, penicillin, peanut butter, silicon wafers,
catalytic crackers and beer. Chemical and biomolecular engineers work on tasks such as product development, process design,
management, quality control, pollution control, marketing and technical sales. They are devising new ways for living organisms
to perform molecular transformations, and discovering innovative methods for delivering medicines. Chemical engineers have
historically had the highest starting salaries of all the major engineering professions.
Civil engineers are at the forefront of such activities as designing and constructing bridges, buildings, water
and wastewater treatment facilities, harbors, airports and other public works. The infrastructure necessary to keep cities operating
on all levels is designed by civil engineers. They also perform cutting-edge research in areas such as mitigating earthquake
damage in large structures and using artificial intelligence to improve the operation of transportation systems.
Environmental engineers are stewards of the environment. They
design processes to mitigate pollution and also to prevent it entirely. They have taken a leadership
role in eliminating the hazardous and solid wastes of society, responsibly developing surface and
groundwater resources for beneficial use, managing environmental quality and minimizing the effects
of pollutants. Environmental engineers design for a sustainable future in air quality, water quality,
global climate, and human health and safety. Students can also take advantage of the resources
available through the University’s interdisciplinary research institute and centers: Institute for a
Sustainable Environment (ISE), the Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science (CARES),
the Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (CSES) and the Great Rivers Center (GRC)
Brandon Rivera ’13
Civil Engineering major
Undergraduate Research Experience:
The use of phase change materials in
concrete to reduce the heating and
cooling costs of buildings. Funded by
Faculty Research Mentor:
Prof. Narayanan Neithalath
NASA Motivating Undergraduates in Science
& Technology (MUST) Scholar
Vice president of the Society of Hispanic
Magister of Sigma Chi Fraternity
Summer internship at the NASA Langley
Bethann Parmelee ’12
Environmental Engineering major
Undergraduate Research Experience:
Turning wastewater into biofuel to power
wastewater management facilities.
Faculty Research Mentors: Prof. Susan Powers
and Prof. Michael Twiss
Member of the varsity women’s cross-country team
Member of the Golden Knotes a cappella group
One in five
Clarkson alumni is already a
CEO, president, vice president,
outside of the


ARKANSAS, USA — Snow in Arkansas can be a nightmare or a playground, depending on who you ask! On the fun side, if you want to have a good snowball fight or to make a snowman, you need wet snow so it can pack and hold its shape. Dry snow is powdery and does not pack well. Every snowstorm is different, so how to meteorologists forecast whether a snow will be wet or dry?
WATER IN SNOW
Snow is just water in ice crystal form. The more water a snowflake has, the stickier it is and will more easily compact and form whatever shape you want to make. We can measure how much water there is inside a snowflake by melting it. But we can't measure every snowflake that falls in a snowstorm, so we use snow ratios to figure out how wet or dry a snow is.
This map shows the average snow ratios across the USA, or how many inches of snow you get with one inch of snow. Wet snow usually has a ratio of 10 or less, while dry snow usually has a ratio of 11 or more.
In Northwest Arkansas, the average snow ratio is 9, which means you get 9 inches of snow from 1 inch of water.
In the River Valley, the average snow ratio is 8, which means you get 8 inches of snow from 1 inch of water. The state of Arkansas is entirely below the 10 ratio threshold so our snows on average are wet and good snowball making snows! The south usually gets the wettest snows while the far north and great lakes tend to get dry snows. The midwest tends to get something in between. But these are averages. Sometimes our snows can be even wetter and stickier than that, and sometimes they can be really dry. Here's how we forecast the difference.
FORECASTING THE DIFFERENCE
Colder temperatures bring drier snow and warmer temperatures bring wetter snow. The temperature is determined by the direction our storm systems track. When we get storms from the south, snows are warmer and wet because they are using heat from the gulf of mexico. Storms coming in from the west are somewhere in between. The snow usually sticks but it may take some extra packing for a good snowball . Storms coming in from the northwest are usually very dry because they are coming from the cold, dry plains and canada. These are powdery, dusty snows.
Once we know where a snowstorm will form and track, we generally have a good idea on how wet or dry a snow may be. Ratios then help us figure out how much snow will fall for us to enjoy, or hate!
-5NEWS Weather Team
MORE FROM ARCTIC ARKANSAS
5NEWS official winter weather outlook 2021-2022


Did you know that 93% of communication is nonverbal?* A large percentage of that nonverbal communication comes through facial and tone of voice cues. What is surprising, however, is just how different the level of ability is in interpreting these nonverbal cues are when comparing adults and adolescents. Further, it probably explains a significant amount of the misunderstanding that can and does happen between adolescents and their parents.
At this point, it’s probably clear that I am a fan of Dr. Jeremy Clark and Jerusha Clark’s book, “Your Teenager is Not Crazy: Understanding Your Teen’s Brain Can Make You a Better Parent”. I blogged a review about it here, and then a follow up post on some of the neurobiology research they were exploring here. In their chapter entitled, “Why are you looking at me like that?,” they explore this topic of nonverbal cues and what the latest research is showing us about it.
Citing research from Dr. Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, they pointed out that while adults have a 90-100% success rate in interpreting the emotions and tone behind facial expressions and other nonverbal cues, adolescents only decipher them correctly about 50% of the time (Kindle location 1389). Essentially, what the research shows is that adults interpret these cues by using the part of their brain where decision making and executive functions happen (the prefrontal cortex), while adolescents use the region of the brain where emotions are the dominating factor (the limbic system).
Where this is helpful for parents is in thinking through how we communicate with our adolescents. We cannot just assume they recognize the emotions or intent behind our words; 93% of communication is nonverbal, and teens misinterpret those cues half the time, which means they genuinely misunderstand us potentially almost half the time. We can’t change that; it’s biology. Their brains do not finish developing until around age 25. Instead, the Clarks recommend naming our emotions calmly. Let them know when you’re confused, worried, upset, etc., don’t just assume they know what you’re feeling when other adults would understand.
All that to say, if you’re a parent of kids of any age, or someone that works with young people. Get the book. It’s fascinating!
*All percentages and information in this post are drawn from the Clark’s book.


1. Civil Law is all of the law that does not deal with crimes. Civil law concerns contracts and disputes between parties. When a party believes a civil law has been violated, he or she can file a civil lawsuit to recover damages (money) or obtain injunctive relief (stop whatever it is that is violating the law).
2. Civil law also refers to the system of law that prevails in continental Europe derived from Roman law. The basic source of law in civil law is organized codes rather than judicial decisions, as seen in the traditional common law. Louisiana stands out as the state whose law is mostly influenced by civil law.


Video: ROV Explores Chimney Life
A team of scientists on board the research vessel Falkor have just finished surveying the largely unexplored Mariana Back-Arc in the western Pacific Ocean for life at depths greater than 13,000 feet (4,000 meters). The team studied the area with the new remotely operated vehicle (ROV) SuBastian.
They found spectacular chimneys made of sulfide minerals, some up to 30 meters (100 feet) tall. The chimneys were belching smoky vent fluid at temperatures up to 365°C (690°F) and were covered with vent animals including “hairy snails,” shrimp, crabs, mussels, limpets, squat lobsters, anemones and worms.
The newly discovered vent sites have an ecosystem that is characteristic of the Mariana Back-Arc, with some animal species found nowhere else on Earth. The similarity between vents occurs despite the fact that each vent site is relatively small and isolated, being separated from the others by up to 100 miles. This suggests that the Back-Arc vent sites are relatively long-lived and that each site has biological “connectivity” with the others despite the long distances.
The study also confirmed that the Back-Arc ecosystems are distinct and different from the nearby Volcanic Arc hydrothermal ecosystems, supporting the idea that geological and chemical environment play a key role in determining animal community composition at hydrothermal vents.
Dr David Butterfield of the University of Washington and Dr William Chadwick of NOAA-PMEL and Oregon State University led the group to the Back-Arc; returning for the second phase of a two-part exploration of the region. In 2015, the team of scientists located new hydrothermal vents in the Back-Arc region, including evidence of recent lava flows.


Most folks know nothing about curriculum. Four states that originally adopted Common Core have now dumped it: Arizona, Indiana, Oklahoma, and South Carolina. What do they have in common? It’s more tribal silliness.
See if you can spot the “socialist agenda” in these Common Core literacy standards:
Key Ideas and Details:
Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.
Analyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme.


Once upon a time the rules for installing infant car seats were informal and left up to individual families, but now the rules are much more stringent. In 2002 the government mandated the LATCH restraint system, (Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children) which is a standardized system to ensure their safety when riding. The term is thrown around a lot in discussions of which car seat is the best, but few stop to explain in detail exactly what a LATCH in a car seat is or why it’s so important.
LATCH simplifies the correct installation of car seats without using seat belts at all. Vehicles equipped with this system have two or more sets of small bars, or anchors, at the bottom of the back seat where the cushions meet. Child safety seats with the system have attachments designed to fasten to these anchors. Most of the forward-facing infant car seats on the market have a top strap, or tether, as well, which attaches to another anchor in the car. These attachments and straps make up the LATCH system.
Using LATCH makes the process of putting in the car seat easier and less intimidating. With the older models of seats, when trying to install an infant car seat most parents got confused about which straps went where, how to tighten the seat belts and whether to put the car seat on the left or right side. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, three out of four car seats are installed incorrectly. Most car seats, and almost all vehicles made after Sept. 1, 2002, are equipped with the LATCH system to help parents get the seats strapped in right.
One of the reasons consumers are warned about using older model car seats is that they aren’t equipped with the LATCH system, so they don’t meet safety standards in place for child restraint systems. With older models of car seats without LATCH, or older cars lacking the system, the car seat can still be installed using the seat belt. But the drawback is that once you finally get the child safety seat correctly installed and you manage to pull the seat belt tight enough, taking it out means having to fight with the seat belt to re-install it.
Some brands using the newer system include Evenflo, the 1st years, Graco, Chicco KeyFit, Peg Perego 30 and Baby Trend. Although LATCH has greatly simplified installing car seats, parents still bewildered have another place to turn to for help. Hospital Child Passenger Safety Technicians are a knowledgeable source. Local fire and police departments also have trained personnel who can demonstrate how to install the seat.
|Valerie Baldowski is passionate about writing about everything from childrens safety and juvenile products to gardening tools. She is the mother of a high energy 8 year old child so she is accustomed to researching childrens products and services… See more about Valerie|
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August 2016 – Messing about with our rivers
The sun shone throughout August as we continued with our work to re-survey rivers and drainage channels for the River Stour Internal Drainage Board. Repeating a survey we originally done six years ago shows the changes in land use and how this impacts on our waterways.
The loss of many grazing meadows is particularly a cause for concern as grazing allows a rich diversity of plant life to flourish and creates a tangled fringe of vegetation which provides a microclimate for insects.
We have found that some of the meadows which were originally grazed by cattle have now become unused. Development companies have bought up land on the edge of towns and villages and leave these fields ungrazed while they attempt to get planning permission.
With the cessation of grazing, plants such as tubular water dropwort have become outcompeted by more rigorous species such as common reed and banks become dominated by thistles. In other fields a change from grazing to arable has resulted in more fertiliser use, which has caused nitrate levels to rise in ditches leading to an acceleration in weed growth.
Throughout the coming months we hope to work with landowners to look at ways of reducing run off and improving rivers for wildlife.
This month we have also been working with Rhino Plant, the River Stour Internal Drainage Board’s contractor as they begin the annual weed cutting of channels. Where access for machines is too difficult the rivers are cut by hand with scythes. The guys involved in this work have to have plenty of strength and stamina to undertake the physical demands of cutting and hauling the weed onto the banks.
Our work involves advising on Biosecurity to avoid the spread of crayfish plague which can be transferred from introduced signal crayfish to our native white clawed crayfish with devastating affect. We encourage contractors to check clean and dry their equipment and spray with a iodine solution to prevent disease spread.
We also look at ways of using the weedcut to create meanders and improve the flow of rivers, creating diversity in the channel which allows aquatic insects to thrive and fish to spawn.
Restoring the health and vitality of our rivers will prevent flooding and provide clean water as well as allowing people in towns to enjoy a therapeutic slice of the natural world.


For decades the US government has funded research into “clean coal” technology. Billions of dollars have been spent with the only visible result being employment for a small army of government coal researchers and academics. Now scientists at Ohio State University have announced that, after 15 years of effort, they have produced a breakthrough—a new technology capable of turning coal green and carbon dioxide emission free. This was widely reported in the news media and passed practically without critical comment. Is it true? Is coal no longer the dirty, devil spawned fuel of evil industrialists everywhere?
Scientists believe that carbon released from the ocean floor played a key role in past episodes of climate change. Around 55 million years ago, the break-up of the northeast Atlantic continents was associated with the injection of large amounts of molten magma into seafloor sediments. Formation of the North Atlantic basalts heated the carbon-rich sediments, triggering the release of large quantities of methane and carbon dioxide into the ocean and atmosphere. It has been suggested that this release of previously sequestered carbon was responsible for a 100,000 year period of rapid temperature rise known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum or PETM. Three letters published in Nature Geoscience suggest that carbon trapped beneath the seabed continues to influence carbon dynamics, at least in the deep ocean.
World wide emission of CO2 from fossil fuel burning decreased by 1.3% in 2009 owing to the global financial and economic crisis says a report in Nature Geoscience. Estimated CO2 emissions from deforestation and other land-use changes (LUCs) have also declined compared with the 1990s. The decrease in greenhouse gas emissions was blamed on the contraction of GDP owing to the global financial crisis that began in 2008. Not so fast, say warmist scientists. They claim that CO2 will rise by 4.8% in 2010, proving that what should be treated as good news is not welcome in climate change circles.
In the November 12, 2010, issue of Science a number of news focus articles decry the results of the 2010 US elections and the possible impact those results may have on the fight against global warming. Staff reporters for the AAAS flagship journal are all atwitter about the evil Republicans coming back into power, and they are not alone. Reportedly, many researchers fear the worst after the Republican victory at the polls produced a 25-plus-seat majority in the House of Representatives and reduced the Democrats' hold on the Senate. The $20 billion for scientific research that was part of the $787 billion stimulus package may have been the high water mark for government funding during the Obama administration.
One of the arguments used by critics of nuclear power is that there is not enough uranium to power a nuclear world for an extended time. The energy hungry world would just be trading looming oil shortages for uranium shortages, they claim. As with most anti-nuclear scare-mongering these charges are totally bogus. MIT has just released a major report on the nuclear fuel cycle that finds uranium supplies will not limit the expansion of nuclear power in the US or around the world for the foreseeable future. It suggests that nuclear power, even using today’s reactor technology with the wasteful once-through fuel cycle, can play a significant part in satisfying the world's future energy needs.
For those who believe in anthropogenic global warming, carbon dioxide is public enemy number one. They warn that CO2 must be avoided at all costs or Earth will heat up uncontrollably causing all sorts of ecological havoc. One proposal for avoiding global warming is the sequestration of CO2 by trapping it at combustion sites or extracting it directly from the air. Supposedly, such sequestration could help avoid a large rise in atmospheric CO2 from the use of fossil fuels, avoiding the hellish fate that surely awaits mankind otherwise. Referred to as carbon capture and storage (CCS), the coal industry has seized on sequestration as a way to get greens off their backs and stay in business. However, it is not clear how effective different types of sequestration and associated leakage are in the long term, or what their consequences might be. A recent paper takes a critical look at the sequestration option.
One of the more attractive forms of green renewable energy is geothermal—harnessing the natural heat of Earth's interior to provide warmth and electricity. Unfortunately, geothermal is really only viable in limited areas around the globe, due to crust thickness and strata type. One of those fortunate places is the American Southwest, the eastern part of California and the states of Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado. The sixteen geothermal plants already present in California's the Imperial Valley are among the first signs of what California hopes will become a renewable-energy boom. But without water these plants cannot generate any power, and their water comes from far away—from the already stressed Colorado river.
With the oil disaster in the Gulf of Mexico emboldening all the denizens of the eco-underground, some voices are once again calling for increased production of biofuels—ethanol and biodiesel—and accelerated research into clean coal. Ignoring the fact that biofuels take as much energy to produce as they provide and that they are only competitive with heavy government subsidies, biofuel boosters are again trying to sell their snake-oil to the public. But the single most damning aspect of biofuel production is the exorbitant amount of water it takes to cook-up a gallon of the stuff. Now it appears that the other great energy scam, clean coal, will also increase water usage—by a whopping 80%. With the world facing a real water crisis in the near future, the last thing any government should be doing is wasting their citizens' money on are “green” energy scams that are really just subsidies for coal companies and big agribusiness conglomerates.
In the face of ever mounting evidence that CO2 is incapable of causing the level of global devastation prophesied by climate change catastrophists a new villain is being sought. The leading candidate is nitrous oxide (N2O), better known as laughing gas. A report in Science claims that N2O emissions are currently the single most important cause of ozone depletion and are expected to remain so throughout the 21st century. The IPCC rates N2O as 310 times as potent a greenhouse gas as CO2 on a 100 year time scale. Is this a greenhouse gas bait and switch, or are the global warming alarmists trying to up the ante?
The search for ways to reduce carbon emissions has led to government grant money for schemes ranging from promising to wacky. Recognizing that there is no currently viable replacement for fossil fuels, with the possible exception of nuclear power, the US and other countries with large coal deposits are desperately looking for ways to continue burning coal without incurring the wrath of nature or the IPCC. Clear evidence of the seriousness of this effort is evident in this week's special edition of Science, dedicated to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology.
Even though the new US President gives occasional lip service to nuclear energy, recent actions by his administration force us to ask, “is the Obama administration trying to kill nuclear energy?” The first indication that Obama's support for nuclear power was less than whole hearted came during the stimulus debate, when a push to include tens of billions of dollars in insurance for new nuclear reactors failed. Then, the Obama administration came out this month against storing nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada.
Northern Ireland's environment minister, Sammy Wilson, announced Monday he has banned British government TV ads on climate change and denounced their energy-saving message as “insidious propaganda.” Wilson said the Act on CO2 ads were “giving people the impression that by turning off the standby light on their TV, they could save the world from melting glaciers and being submerged in 40 feet of water.”
Listening to the verbal posturing by some eco-activists and like minded politicians might give one the impression that, with the recent sharp drop in world oil prices, all pressure to accelerate domestic oil production has abated. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Once again the counter argument is made by the most unlikely of sources, the OEDC IEA—an organization that, along with the UN IPCC, helped serve as ground zero for the global warming hysteria outbreak of recent times.


Toddlers learn how to be a good friend by watching and imitating others. They’ll find an assortment of positive examples in these books, shows, and more.
By the Kids’ Media Experts at SmartFeed
When you’re ready for your preschooler to unwind with a show, movie, book, or app, why not share some positive media that can help them foster better face-to-face relationships with their peers? The following friendship-themed choices show youngsters how friends interact, centering on themes like sharing, teamwork, inclusion, and generosity. Whether the best friend in these stories is a duck, a pirate, a dump truck, or a ballerina, these worthwhile role models will be a big hit with your kids.
Books That Teach Toddlers About Friendship
Little Blue Truck
This fun story will appeal to most toddlers, starting with the first pages filled with truck sounds and animal noises. The title character is kind and generous so he has plenty of friends to help when he gets in a bit of a mess. Everyone needs friends … even a little blue truck.
The Sandwich Swap
A fight over “whose sandwich is better” comes between two best friends. This story is about much more than a sandwich, of course. It addresses differences, tolerance, and the importance of friends.
Frog and Toad Are Friends
Frog and Toad are the best of friends. They have different temperaments and opinions, but they always respect each other and are excellent role models for how friends should treat each other.
Little Elliot, Big City
Beautifully illustrated, this book tells the story of Elliot, a lonely elephant in the big city. Finding a friend and doing things together makes everything right in Elliot’s world.
Apps That Teach Toddlers About Friendship
Sago Mini Friends
Virtual playdates are a fun activity in this app. Numerous activities and a variety of different friends make for lots of choices. Fine motor skills get a workout during game play.
Dora’s Enchanted Forest Adventures
This interactive book tells a sweet story of kindness and friendship. There are some Spanish words to learn, and a sticker page at the end adds some interactive fun.
Movies That Teach Toddlers About Friendship
Angelina Ballerina: Dreams Do Come True
Angelina Ballerina has big dreams. When she has a chance to realize one of them, she has to decide — with the help of her family and friends — what to do. Enhanced by music and positive characters, this movie is sure to charm.
Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Jake Saves Bucky
This feature-length movie (based on the popular TV show) is a great adventure for preschoolers. Jake and his crew work together and problem-solve to save a dear friend. Kids are engaged when Jake speaks directly to viewers and involves them in the quest.
Lost and Found
In this gentle and colorful film, a young boy finds a penguin on his doorstep. In their journey together back to the penguin’s home, they find a way to communicate and become true friends.
Ruby’s Studio: The Friendship Show
Using music, animation, and a friendly cast, this show is truly effective at discussing the ups and downs of friendship for young children. From starting a conversation … to finding common interests … to coping with a mean friend, all topics are thoughtfully covered. Parents can also tune in to gather ideas for further discussion.
TV Shows That Teach Toddlers About Friendship
Sarah & Duck
This sweet animated series follows Sarah and Duck as they explore their neighborhood with curiosity and enthusiasm. The duo is always learning new things, with counting and picture identification as other positive aspects of this series.
The Stinky & Dirty Show
Based on the book series by Jim and Kate McMullan, Stinky and Dirty are best friends who use creativity and teamwork to solve problems.
Simple science concepts are explored in this fun animated series. Animal friends make up the cast, and they work together to learn and share with each other.
There’s a reason this show is currently in its 19th season. Arthur and his friends and family experience true-to-life scenarios and work through social and emotional issues in thoughtful ways. A true classic that all ages will enjoy.


Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. In other words, an IC has many transistors on one chip, while VLSI has very many transistors on one chip. A modern VLSI chip is a complex beast with billions of transistors, millions of logic gates deployed for computation and control.
Engineers manage to design these complicated chips by making use of computer aided design (CAD) tools that take an abstract description of the chip, and refines it step-wise to a final design. Designing a VLSI chip involves steps like logic synthesis, timing analysis, floor planning, placement and routing, verification, and testing.
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Introduction to VLSI Design Flow
Introduction to Linux platform and commands used
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Terminal and GUI mode simulation
ALU Design and Verification
Combinational UDP and Sequential UDP
Functions and task
Types of process : fork-join
Introduction to the pin configuration and architecture of FPGA
Harish Mysore, director, India operations, Global IEEE Institute for Engineers Private Limited, informs, “In the VLSI chip design and verification alone, 20,000 to 30,000 engineers are currently employed with over 200,000 engineers working in the broader semiconductor industry, including embedded systems development and board-level hardware design.”
Students can apply for some of the following jobs:
Design Verification Engineer
System Level Verification Engineer
ASIC Verification Engineer
VLSI Verification Engineer
Design Verification Engineer
Functional Verification Application Engineer
These job openings are available usually at companies manufacturing semiconductors, electronic products and IT hardware.
According to Vivek Madhukar, COO, TimesJobs.com, VLSI professionals are always in high demand in the fast-changing chip designing industry.
AVERAGE VLSI JOB SALARY PER ANNUM BY EXPERIENCE - INDIA
20 years or more
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Turbulence-Taming Turret: LM Prototype Expands Laser Performance at Jet Speeds
- Nearly 60 Flight Tests Completed
Because enemy aircraft and missiles can come from anywhere, a laser weapon system on a military aircraft will need to be able to fire in any direction. However, the laws of physics say that a laser only can engage targets in front of an aircraft that is travelling close to the speed of sound – unless atmospheric turbulence can be counteracted. That’s exactly what Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) has done in developing a prototype laser turret for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), paving the way for laser weapon systems on tactical aircraft.
The Aero-adaptive Aero-optic Beam Control (ABC) turret is the first turret ever to demonstrate a 360-degree field of regard for laser weapon systems on an aircraft flying near the speed of sound. Its performance has been verified in nearly 60 flight tests conducted in 2014 and 2015 using a business jet as a low-cost flying test bed. As the aircraft travelled at jet cruise speeds, a low-power laser beam was fired through the turret’s optical window to measure and verify successful performance in all directions.
Global and China Multiple Rocket Launchers Sales Market Report to 2020
The design uses the latest aerodynamic and flow-control technology to minimize the impacts of turbulence on a laser beam. An optical compensation system, which uses deformable mirrors, then is used to ensure that the beam can get through the atmosphere to the target. Left unchecked, turbulence would scatter the light particles that make up a laser beam, much like fog diffuses a flashlight beam.
“This advanced turret design will enable tactical aircraft to have the same laser weapon system advantages as ground vehicles and ships,” said Doug Graham, vice president of missile systems and advanced programs, Strategic and Missile Defense Systems, Lockheed Martin Space Systems. “This is an example of how Lockheed Martin is using a variety of innovative technologies to transform laser devices into integrated weapon systems.”
DARPA and AFRL will use the results of the flight tests in determining future requirements for laser weapon systems on high-speed aircraft and expanding their effectiveness.
Lockheed Martin is positioning laser weapon systems for success on the battlefield because of their advantages of speed, flexibility, precision and low cost per engagement. The corporation’s advances include the development and demonstration of precision pointing and control, line-of-sight stabilization and adaptive optics and high-power fiber lasers.
Source : Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT) - view original press release
Sep 28 - 30, 2016 - Washington, United States


1. SORTINGWith a handful of M&Ms, students were told to sort them. Since it's so close to Valentine's Day, I like to use one of my heart sorting mats, like the one below. You can print it out and laminate it for all kinds of math activities.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.K.MD.B.3 - Classify objects and count the number of objects in each category
2. MORE & LESSAfter they sorted the M&Ms, I asked them which group had the most, which group had the fewest, and if there were any equal groups. Since each child had a different amount, it was fun for the kids to talk to each other about their different answers.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.K.CC.C.6 - Compare Numbers
3. ADDITIONWe read The M&M's Addition Book, by Barbara Barbieri McGrath, to introduce some new Math vocabulary, such as addend, sum, and equation.
I don't read the whole book to the students; I don't think it's necessary, and it's a little high-level for Kindergarten. I usually just read about a quarter of the book. This sets up the idea that we are going to use M&Ms for adding. When I do this lesson, I read the book while the students are on the rug, and THEN they do the first two activities. After that, we do addition, using two regular six-sided dice. I told the children to only use two different colors of M&Ms to keep it simple. They would roll the dice, and take the number represented on one die from one color, and the other die from another color, and add them together. This gave them lots of exercise in reading the numbers on the dice, counting out the candies, and then doing the addition. They barely notice that their lessons are being reinforced! You can use dice with numerals or dice with pips, depending on the needs of your students.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.K.OA.A.1 - Understand addition, and understand subtraction


“To the eternal consecrated house
And to Agileia Prima who was also known as Auguria.
Wife beyond eternity; most chaste and modest and frugal who loved
Her husband and his house and all his possessions innocently.
Quintus Oppius Secundus, her husband, made this for the deserving one and for himself.
At the time I was begotten, nature granted me twice ten
years, upon the fulfillment of which, on the seventh day thereafter,
freed of the laws [that bind one to life] I was given over to unending rest.
This life was given to me, [so]
Oppius, do not fear Lethe, for it is foolish to lose joy of life while fearing death at all time.
For death is the nature, not the punishment of mankind; whoever happens to be born, therefore also faces to die.
Master Oppius, husband, do not lament me because I have preceded you
I await your arrival in the eternal marriage bed.
Be well, my survivors, and all other men and women, be well.”
Text on Left side:
“Hail Auguria, a sweet and innocent soul.”
Text on Right side:
“Innocent Auguria, [may] your soul [rest] among the good.”
This inscription is inscribed on a “tabula ansata,” literally a tablet with handles. The stone was set up by Quintus Oppius Secundus for his wife, Agileia Prima, who was also called Auguria (line 2). The text is an interesting example of how elaborate funerary inscriptions could be. Most of the text is written in meter (for example, lines 10 and 11 are complete hexameters while Line 15 presents as a iambic senarius). Moreover, the voice changes in line 7. The first six lines are written in the traditional formulae that can also be seen in other inscription on this wall (who is buried here, and who dedicated the tomb). In line 7, however, Agileia herself takes over. She first informs the reader that she died shortly after her 20th birthday, and then addresses her husband, advising him to not spend the rest of his life mourning her. He is to enjoy his life and she will await his arrival in the afterlife.”Lethe” in line 10 refers to one of the five rivers of Hades. According to Greek mythology, the shades of the dead drank from it in order to forget their earthly lives.
Agileia quotes two ancient works here, the Distichs of Cato in line 10, and two works by Seneca in lines 12 and 13. The Distichs of Cato form a collection of short wisdoms that was used in the Middle Ages to teach Latin and as a moral compass. Even though the sayings are attributed to Cato the Elder (234-149 BCE), who was known for his wisdom, the identity of the author is unknown. The Distichs were probably collected and published in the 3rd or 4th century CE. Nevertheless, is possible that the Distichs also included older sentiments that could date back to the first or second century CE.
The Seneca quotations here are taken from the De Remediis Fortuitorum and Epistle 99.8. The authorship of the former is debated, but, as Robert Newman has pointed out, our inscription can be used as evidence that the work was indeed written by Seneca. It is highly unlikely that two different authors on the same subject would be quoted in such close proximity. The De Remediis Fortuitorum is a dialogue about chance events that cannot be avoided. Many of the instances deal with death in general, and sudden death in particular. Hence, a reference in a funerary context is appropriate.
Unfortunately, the quoted text does not help much with dating the inscription. As mentioned above, the date of the Distichs is unknown. Seneca lived from ca. 4 BCE to 65 CE which provides us with an earliest date, but not a definite latest date. The stone itself has been dated both to the second and fourth century CE. According to Newman, Mrs. Joyce Gordon, a well-regarded epigraphist, dates it to the age of Hadrian (117-138), while the US Epigraphy Project dates it to the fourth.
E. Gebhardt-Jaekel, Mors omnibus instat – der Tod steht allen bevor : Die Vorstellungen von Tod, Jenseits und Vergänglichkeit in lateinischen paganen Grabinschriften des Westens, Diss. University of Frankfurt/Main, 2007.
H. Geist, Römische Grabinschriften, Munich: E. Heimeran, 1969, 169; 201,202.
R.J. Newman, “Rediscovering the De Remediis Fortuitorum,” American Journal of Philology 109 (1988), 92-107, 97-98.
C. Hosius, “Inschriftliches zu Seneca und Lucan,” RhM 47 (1892), 462-465.
H.L. Wilson, “Latin Inscriptions at the Johns Hopkins University VI,” American Journal of Philology32 (1911), 166-187, 167-169.
The inscription is described in the US Epigraphy Project hosted by Brown University.


Maintaining oral hygiene is crucial for good health and wellbeing. Oral health represents overall health. Tongue scraping is one of the important healthy practices that most of us ignore. It is equally important as brushing teeth. While many of you may aware about tongue scraping, it is essential to consider the element you use to scrap the tongue.
Tongue scraping is one of the ancient Ayurvedic practices, an oral care solution to improve oral ecology. It is a simple process to remove the buildup of toxins on the surface of the tongue.
Oral care remains incomplete without caring for the tongue. It is often ignored. The tongue is one of the diagnostic organs in Ayurveda and ancient medical practices. Tongue scraping is way more beneficial than getting a cleaner tongue and improving oral health.
Let’s see the importance of tongue scraping and why should you copper to scrape your tongue.
Importance of tongue scraping
Many times, the surface of the tongue builds soft plaque, which affects the taste buds. It inhibits the flavor profile and you cannot enjoy the taste of the food. (Tastes are very important part of natural healing. Every taste carries its own benefit). Malfunction of taste buds due to plaque lead to false cravings. Besides, it also builds plaque on your teeth. Eventually, it disturbs the overall oral health.
Tongue connects not only with your taste sense but also digestion. The buildup of plaque in tongue imparts your digestion and builds the ama (toxins) on your tongue. Tongue scrape helps removal of plaque. It is the base defense against bad odor, gum disease etc.
The tongue is mostly a neglected organ in the body. Regular and so-called healthy practices like brushing twice a day, flossing etc are not sufficient to prevent and remove the buildup of plaque. Tongue scraping helps to revitalize your tongue and improve oral health.
Tongue scraping is essential because it is connected to internal organs. Every part of the tongue is linked with vital organs of the body. Tongue scraping not only protects oral health but also internal organs.
- The front part of the tongue is related to upper GI tract, lungs, and heart;
- The middle part of the tongue is connected with liver, spleen, and stomach;
- The back part of the tongue relates to the large intestine and kidneys;
- The tip of the tongue is the location of thyroid and vertical line in the middle of the tongue represents the spine.
Why should you use copper tongue cleaner?
Copper tongue scraper is the best friend to take care of your oral health. Copper is one of the elements with numerous health properties. It is rich in anti-microbial properties. Copper has been for ages regulating the microorganisms like fungi, viruses and bacterium.
When you don’t remove the plaque, it will be reabsorbed into the digestive system which causes imbalances in the body.
Copper tongue cleaner is a one-stop solution to improve your oral hygiene with ease and efficacy. This tongue cleaner is made of pure copper and unalloyed metals which make it the safest product to use. Copper carries antibacterial and anti-plaque properties, which keep the oral diseases at bay. It also refines and improves your taste buds. This tongue cleaner provides optimal benefits over the mouthwashes and toothbrushes that come with inbuilt cleaners.
- Harness the dual benefit of fresh breath combined with benefits of copper
- Get rid of bad breath in minutes
- Refines the taste buds and improves your oral hygiene
- Copper is non-gagging cleaner made of unalloyed elements with great flexibility
- Safe, simple, easy to use and clinically recommended
Just glide the tongue a couple of three times with this cleaner and get rid of those unpleasant coats in no time. Banish the chemical mouthwashes and get the fresher, healthier and cleaner mouth.
How to scrape your tongue
- Before scraping your tongue, take a minute to examine your tongue daily. Note for the color and texture of the tongue. If you notice daily, you can see the accumulation of plaque and monitor the texture of the tongue. Eventually, it also helps in monitoring your health.
- Scrape your tongue from back to front. Gently glide the copper tongue scraper from back to front to remove plaque.
- Once you find the scraper collects residue, rinse the scraper and repeat again for minimum 5 times to maximum 10 times.
- Rinse your mouth and wash the copper tongue scraper with warm water.
Tongue Scrape Vs Tongue Brush
What is the difference between tongue scraping and brushing?
Brushing the tongue will loosen the plaque buildup. It just moves around the plaques and loosens it. It won’t help in
complete removal of plaque. Neither it helps in relishing the taste buds nor does it improve the related internal organs. It fails to meet the ultimate oral ecology.
On the other hand, tongue scraping is an ancient method of maintaining good oral health and more to it. Healthy, plaque-free tongue is a sign of good internal health and immunity. In addition to all these, tongue not only connected with internal organs, but also has the reflex points. It massages the GI tract and cleanses the system.


Texas Ranger (Leucophyllum frutescens) is native to Texas but grows well in the Central Valley. / Submitted
The Matilja poppy (Romneya coulteri) is a truly spectacular shrub; when in bloom it will stop people in their tracks. / Submitted
Are you looking for something new in shrubs besides the boxwoods, phontinia and euryops so prevalent in our neighborhoods? Certainly these shrubs have a place in the landscape, but for variety there are other lesser-known shrubs that provide a different look and are also drought-tolerant, a real plus here in the Central Valley.
Bush anemone (Carpenteria californica) is a lovely California native from the Sierra foothills in Fresno County. In bloom, its spectacular white flowers with yellow centers and its glossy green leaves give the impression of being tropical rather than native in origin. Bush anemone grows from 3 to 8 feet-high and 6 to 8 feet-wide. It bears many scented blossoms from May to July and remains evergreen all year. “Elizabeth,” a compact and rounded shrub, is the most widely available cultivar for home gardeners.
In the Valley, bush anemone grows best in part sun to shade in well-drained soil with little or no fertilization. Once established, it is drought-tolerant and needs only moderate water, which is best provided by drip irrigation to avoid fungal problems. Aphids are sometimes a problem that can be solved by an occasional hosing off until natural enemies such as ladybugs and lacewings take over. This shrub, native to our part of the Valley, can be a carefree addition to our gardens.
The Matilja poppy (Romneya coulteri) is a truly spectacular shrub; when in bloom it will stop people in their tracks. A 6 to 8 foot plant, it bears many white blossoms with bright yellow centers up to 8 inches across from spring to early summer. It sports the largest flowers of any California native plant. With five or six flat, crepe-like petals and large centers, the blooms have given the shrub the nickname “fried egg plant!”
This shrub, native to Southern California, prefers full sun to a little shade, requires little to moderate water, and tolerates many soils, except heavy clay. A robust plant, Matilja poppy needs a lot of growing room and can be invasive if side shoots are not removed. Withholding summer water will help to keep growth in check and the shrub can be cut back in late fall.
Two varieties are available. “White Cloud” is very vigorous and sports profuse, very large blossoms. “Butterfly” is a many-branched shrub with smaller flowers that are slightly rounded. Propagation is difficult from seed, but shoots from an established bush provide an easy way to get more plants. With room, Matilja poppies can make a beautiful informal border.
Texas Ranger (Leucophyllum frutescens) is native to Texas but grows well in the Central Valley. An evergreen shrub with soft gray-green foliage and pink to purple bell-shaped 1-inch flowers, Texas Ranger grows 5 to 8 feet tall. While the blossoms are not as showy as some other shrubs, they appear in waves, often after a light irrigation, throughout the summer and fall. I really enjoy seeing the blooms light up the garden in the heat of August!
A member of the figwort family, Texas Ranger likes well-drained soil in full or part sun. This shrub is not picky about soil pH, but it does not like fertilizer or a lot of compost, and needs only low to moderate irrigation. It is hardy to the low teens. Its cultural requirements fit our Valley conditions well. Texas Ranger can be shaped into an airy hedge. Fall is the best season to plant drought-tolerant shrubs and perennials, so if you are looking for more variety in your landscape, try one of these robust shrubs.
This column appears Thursdays. To contact the Tulare/Kings Master Gardener Program, call 684-3325 or email email@example.com.


Oracle Tips by Burleson Consulting
have discussed several times, a table is a structure that holds rows
(or records) of data. A table is composed of columns, each column
has a data type and each column can hold some amount of data of that
in EnterpriseDB are stored as files in the file system. A single
table is a single file.
TABLESPACES and SCHEMAs
spoke of tablespaces and schemas in Chapter 2, The EnterpriseDB
Platform. A tablespace is a pointer to a directory and a schema is
a grouping of database objects. A tablespace or schema in
EnterpriseDB is conceptually similar to the same in Oracle but is
implemented quite a bit differently. I will show an example using
tablespaces and schemas below but if you don't quite understand that
use, don't worry about it at this point. If you ever do need the
functionality they provide, the use will become obvious.
Default column expression allows you to force a value in a table if
the value is not provided in an insert statement.
may set a column as NULL or NOT NULL. A NOT NULL column will not
allow the column to have no value. Many times, a DEFAULT is used
with a NOT NULL to ensure a value. A NULL means that the column can
be empty. NULL is the default.
UNIQUE keyword identifies a unique constraint. A unique constraint
forces the column (or a combination of columns) to be unique for all
records in the table.
Unique constraint may be declared at the table level or at the
column level. At the column level, the unique constraint may
reference only that single column. At the table level, a unique
constraint may reference multiple columns.
Primary Key constraint is much like a unique constraint. The
differences are that a PRIMARY KEY (a single column or combination
of columns) must be NOT NULL and Unique. You may define only a
single Primary Key for any particular table.
Primary Key constraint creates a Unique Index on the column(s) you
Check constraint allows you to validate data without writing code.
If you want to ensure that a column can only contain a certain
selection of data, a check constraint is the best way to do it. A
check constraint must evaluate to a boolean value, i.e. 1 = 1 or 1 =
2. The first would evaluate to TRUE (1 equals 1) and the second
would evaluate to false (1 equals 2). 1 + 1 would not be a valid
check constraint because it does not evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
constraint keyword allows you to name a constraint. You may use
CONSTRAINT with a Unique, Primary Key, NULL|NOT NULL, or Check
constraint to name it. If you do not provide a name, the database
will generate a name for you.
reference is a foreign key constraint. You would use a reference to
relate a child table to its parent table. In our example earlier,
the EMP table is a child of DEPT. There is a reference between
and DEPT.deptno. A table level foreign key reference on EMP would
look like: FOREIGN KEY (deptno)
REFERENCES dept (deptno).
is an excerpt from the book "EnterpriseDB:
The Definitive Reference" by Rampant TechPress.


Karnataka is a state in south western region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. The capital and largest city is Bangalore (Bengaluru). Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west, Goa to the north west, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the North east, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the south east, and Kerala to the south west. The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres (74,122 sq mi), or 5.83 per cent of the total geographical area of India. It is the seventh largest Indian state by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.


“The frightful mortality of the concentration camps was the second reason given for laying down arms. “Secondly, that the placing of our families in the concentration camps has brought an unheard of condition of suffering and sickness, so that in a comparatively short time about 20 000 of our beloved have died there, and that the horrid probability has arisen that by continuing the war our whole nation may die out in this way.”
Obviously, the potential extermination of their entire nation could not be viewed with equanimity by the Boer leaders. Writing in the London Times, 13.12.1903, Lord Courtney commented: “When they heard of the horrors which had been heaped upon those closest and dearest to them – deserted in the field, robbed of provisions, clothing and covering – then their resolution gave way and they accepted peace.”
The Anglo/Boer War was the Afrikaners’ Holocaust, resulting in the deaths of perhaps 20% of the total Afrikaner population of the Transvaal and Orange Free State – most of them women and children. It ruined their farms and their country. The Afrikaners have never forgotten the martyrdom of their people. The whole land was filled with sorrow and misery: but the spirit of the people was undaunted. The Afrikaners were filled with an inexorable determination to survive.
This was a conflict on which no Britisher could look back with pride. But it did have one overwhelming effect. It created the Afrikaner nation. The moral victory was theirs. The Boer War may have been the Afrikaners’ greatest tragedy. It was also their finest hour.


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One of the most highly known African authors today is the Nigerian born Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebes main focus in his writings was to tell about the African experience but in a completely different way previous authors wrote The works of Achebe painted a picture of how life changed for Africans due to the impact of European culture on African society and described the struggles of his people to free themselves from European influences Many critics saw Chinua Achebe as a visionary while others saw him as a voice for the Nigerian culture giving him the reputation as the father of the African novel in English When England sent colonizers and missionaries to Africa it had great affect on African tribal life and on Chinua Achebe Achebe became slightly interested in British culture and began reading English writings only to be disgusted with the message British authors were trying to get across Achebe learned that English authors saw Africans as inhumane savages that needed to be saved Carroll 68 Angry with the English writings Achebe decided to answer back by writing his first novel Things Fall Apart in 1958 to counteract the distortions of English literature about Africa In Things Fall Apart Achebe tells the story of an Ibo village of the late 1800s and one of its great men a warrior named Okonkwo Okonkwo is a champion wrestler a wealthy farmer a husband to three wives a title holder among his people and a member of the select egwugwu whose members impersonate ancestral spirits at tribal rituals However life changes dramatically for the Ibo society and Okonkwo with the arrival of British colonizers and missionaries also known as the white man The order of the Ibo society is disrupted with the appearance of the white man in Africa and with the introduction of white religion Carroll 77-78 Okonkwo who is looked upon highly by his people is unable to adapt to the changes that
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One of the myths about grief— perhaps the most pervasive myth—is that grief only follows a death. A reality that is rarely talked about, except among researchers and clinicians, is that grief can begin long before death arrives. It can start as soon as we become aware that death is a likelihood. Once death is on the horizon, even as a possibility, it is natural that we begin to grieve.
The goal of this booklet is to offer you a jumping-off point by outlining the concepts that we, the authors, feel are the most important for you to know as you navigate the complex and overwhelming world of caregiving and anticipatory grief.
Topics covered in, Anticipatory Grief, include…
General truths about grief
Understanding anticipatory grief
Grieving during a loved one’s illness
Coping during a loved one’s illness
Coping after a death
Have questions about this resource? Email [email protected]


Nowadays it’s hard to imagine a life without websites as we now know them today. The web is such a ubiquitous part of our everyday lives that we almost forget the hard work that went into creating it. It’s a fabulous, open platform for people to get together, collaborate and share ideas. The birth of the web and how it has developed since its inception is an interesting tale – so sit back and check out our first instalment of a Brief History of the Web…
The Techie Bit
Before we begin, we need to establish the difference between the terms “The Internet” and “The World Wide Web.” The Internet is the interconnected network of networks, servers and PCs over which many different types of files can be shared in a number of different ways. The World Wide Web (generally shortened to “the web”) is just one of these different ways, and comprises what we generally call “websites.”
There are a number of different ways of sharing information over the Internet. Consider things like email, peer-to-peer file sharing and VOIP telephony; so websites aren’t the only data that moves around on the Internet.
The “www.” that you see at the start of some website addresses (known as “URLs” – Uniform Resource Locators) stands for “World Wide Web,” but that doesn’t mean that URLs without a “www.” are not part of the Web. The key part of a website’s URL is the “http://” which refers to the manner in which all websites are accessed and transmitted, utilising the “Hypertext Transfer Protocol.”
Now we’ve established the place of websites within the greater concept that is the Internet, let’s get on with the history lesson.
Once Upon a Time…
We have had the interconnected network that is “the Internet” for far longer than we’ve had websites. The concept of computers connecting to other computers at different physical locations via networks came to life in the 60s, chiefly for military and research purposes. However, these networks were still self-contained and totally separate from each other. The networks and the ways in which people used them grew and developed throughout the 70s and 80s, and as a result, we saw a shift towards these networks clustering and interconnecting together to become a worldwide network that became the early Internet.
Enter Mr (now Sir) Tim Berners-Lee; a British computer scientist and the son of two early computer scientists. He graduated with a first class degree in physics from Oxford in 1976, and after a couple of specialist IT based jobs, he worked as an independent contractor at CERN in Switzerland (the place that’s now home to the Large Hadron Collider). During his 6 month stint at the esteemed research site, he had the opportunity to work on a prototype system called ENQUIRE which laid some of the groundwork for what would later become the web. Once his contract was over, he returned to the UK to work at an IT company based in Dorset.
Berners-Lee returned to CERN in the mid-80s, and was presented with a very unique problem. Scientists and researchers from all around the world needed a way to pool ideas and resources, but there was no set, uniform way in which to share and present their data over the Internet. He set to work, and in 1989 he put together a proposal titled “Information Management: A Proposal,” which married the concepts of linked hypertext and the pre-existing Internet. Though the proposal was met with an underwhelming response, Tim was permitted to start work on it in late 1990.
The Web is Born
By the end of 1990, Berners-Lee had put together the basic components required for what we now know as the world wide web. HTML (which is indicated by “.html” at the end of webpage URLs on some websites), URL technology and HTTP were all ready to be rolled out. Tim also constructed the first web browser and editor so people could view and edit web content. Shortly after, the first webpage was unleashed on to the open Internet (which has since been lovingly restored by CERN); and in 1991, those outside of CERN with the resources to do so were welcomed to follow suit.
As this new online platform took off, Berners-Lee decided with CERN to keep the code and methods involved in using the World Wide Web absolutely free for people to use, without royalties, forever. He said:
“Had the technology been proprietary, and in my total control, it would probably not have taken off. You can’t propose that something be a universal space and at the same time keep control of it.”
This decision was formalised in 1993, and the code was available to whoever wanted it. The web absolutely exploded: In January 1993, there were 50 web servers (computers that store website data) worldwide, but by October there were over 500. Those who had a presence on the web before ‘93 were chiefly scientific or academic institutions, but now the web was starting to be used for things with a wider interest such as the arts, maps, music and even jokes and comics.
Join us next time when we’ll be discussing the uprising of the web and how it started to be used for business. But what comes up must come down – we’ll touch upon the dot com boom and bust. Be sure to not miss it.Check out Part 1 of this concise history of the web as we know it today. Click To Tweet
I’m curious if anyone reading this remembers the pre-website days of the Internet; do you? What was it like? If it’s before your time, what was your first interaction with the web? What was the first memorable website you frequented regularly, whether for business or pleasure? Let’s compare notes down in the comments…


Global Volcanism Program | Image GVP-02087
Lava fountains on 21 November 1996 reached 1.6 km above a fissure on the northern flank of Miharayama at Izu-Oshima. The horizontal line in the foreground is an advancing lava flow produced by molten ejecta from the fountains. The 1986 eruption began on 15 November with lava fountaining and lava flows lasting four days.
Photo by Katsuyuki Abe, 1986 (courtesy of the Volcanological Society of Japan).
This image is made available under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 license terms.


In this excel tutorial, we are going to see how to add dropdown list in Excel 2016 and 2013. Excel users can add drop down using the option available as part of Data Validation settings.
Adding dropdown in Microsoft Excel
Step 1: Click Data in Office Ribbon and navigate to Data Tools section.
Step 2: Click the arrow pointing downwards below Data Validation and select Data Validation from the dropdown list.
Step 3: Click the Settings tab under Data Validation window and select List for the Allow dropdown list.
Step 4: Now enter the Data that needs to be displayed in the Source column i.e 2013, 2012, 2010, 2009, 2008,2007,2006. You can also provide a cell range with the defined set of values.
After entering the required data, click OK button to confirm and save the changes. Now selecting the cell and then clicking dropdown arrow should display the dropdown list.