Which Microscope Are You Looking For?
Tuesday, 6 May 2014 | Amy
There are different ways of categorising microscopes. They can be categorised by their purpose, by their construction, and by how one observes the specimens. Different viewing options offer different uses, a microscope can be Monocular (1 eyepiece), Binocular (2 eyepieces), or Trinocular (3 eyepieces).
While a monocular microscope is made for one eye, binocular and stereo microscopes are made for both eyes. Trinocular microscopes are Binocular or Stereo Microscopes with a third eyepiece, which may either be for a second person to share the view or in order to affix a digital camera or video camera to the third eyepiece in order to create a lasting record of what was seen.
Here are examples of the 3 different types of microscopes:
The Basic Student Microscope is equipped with three achromatic objectives as used in common practice and have a simple object stage with two clips for holding slides. The Basic Student Microscope is equipped with rechargeable batteries and can be used without a mains connection. Features of The Basic Student Microscope include:
A Binocular microscope is simply a microscope that uses two eyepieces instead of the traditional one used in many other types of microscopes. This binocular view offers a number of advantages and the costs are comparable to a single eyepiece instrument. The popularity of the binocular microscope has grown over the years and currently represents that vast majority of units sold.
The Microscope, Binocular Biological has optics of the finest quality and has precision engineered mechanisms for lifelong service. The Microscope, Binocular Biological has a full maintenance and repair service available. Features of The Microscope, Binocular Biological include:
A Trinocular microscope may have one of several purposes. One purpose is to allow a second viewer access to a specimen at the same time as the person who is mainly using the microscope. Another purpose of a trinocular microscope is to allow the use of technology to either preserve the images seen through the microscope by recording them or projecting them.
The Microscope, Trinocular has optics of the finest quality and has precision engineered mechanisms for lifelong service. The Microscope, Trinocular has robust frames made to the highest quality. Features of The Microscope, Trinocular include:


Welcome to our digital Stories and a Craft for preschoolers. Join us as Miss Dawn reads Little Skinks Tail by Janet Halfmann and then make a lizard.
Make a Lizard
- Glue or tape
- 1 popsicle stick, tongue depressor or a small stick
- 1 green pipe cleaner
- 1 small piece of red paper or white colored red
- 2 small googly eyes or eyes made from paper
- Color the popsicle stick with a green marker, you can make spots or stripes with other colors. If using a stick, you won’t need to color it.
- Cut the pipe cleaner in half for the legs. Twist the pipe cleaner pieces around the stick (one in front and one in the back) and bend to form a leg and foot.
- Glue or tape on the red paper for a tongue
- Glue or tape on the small googly eyes or eyes made from paper


We are writing in response to the Ore-Ida “potato pay” ad campaign, in which they coach parents on how and how much to reward kids with French fries for eating their vegetables. I am sure they mean well, and it seems like a good idea on the surface. Rewarding kids for eating a nutritious food with foods that are well-liked and already on the plate, genius! Sadly, nothing is ever that simple when it comes to food and people, especially kids. Here are some truths about rewarding with food:
Elimination of Enjoyment: Food IS enjoyable! There is a whole world of taste and flavor and texture and aroma, and we are all going to like some things better than others. Using food as rewards takes away the simple pleasure of eating the foods that we enjoy with people that we love.
Guilt by Association: Rewarding with food can make the reward less enjoyable because it becomes associated with the food that it is paired with. My grade school paired beets with pizza every week, and I still think of beets and that slimy texture (and shudder) when I see those food service rectangular pizza slices with sausage.
Diminishing Returns: Any reward loses value over time. You don’t work for the same paycheck you did your first year that you were working. In the same way, it may eventually “cost” more French fries or a switch to tater tots, cupcakes or chocolate to be “worth” eating 1 green bean.
Artificially Assigned Value: By making fries the reward and vegetables the task to be rewarded, you are further de-valuing a vegetable that might have had a shot at being a pretty good vegetable! BUT, it will never be a French fry (or a sweet potato or a potato chip) and the comparison makes it hard to be see the task-vegetable for its own good qualities.
Establishment of Emotional Eating: Eating as a reward for good behavior sets the stage for eating due to external or emotional reasons, rather than hunger. This early pattern puts kids, especially girls, at greater risk of emotional eating, obesity and eating disorders.
Eating as Emotional Manipulation: Eating to please others has also been shown to be a risk factor for obesity and eating disorders. Eating for hunger, simple enjoyment and social engagement allows children to listen to their own body about when to eat instead of cueing in to others’ emotions around food.
WHAT TO DO INSTEAD:
- Serve French fries. Enjoy them with your family. Dip them in ketchup, or mayo or mustard or aoli, whatever makes them enjoyable to you. Don’t feel guilty for liking French fries, pleasure is an important part of eating and healthy living.
- Also serve broccoli and green beans and beets. More than one time or two times. Research shows that familiarity with foods is an important step towards eating and enjoying those same foods later.
- Look at your own food patterns, choose healthy foods that you like. Watching parents eat a variety of foods has been shown to make a big difference in the variety of children’s diets as they grow.
- Be patient. Even children who were adventurous eaters when they very young go through periods of pickiness. Keeping the pressure off of both the food and the eaters is the best way to develop the healthy relationship with food that can eventually lead to a more varied and appreciate palate!
- Cue into your child’s likes and dislikes, trust that learning to eat new foods must be done at the child’s pace. Being a responsive feeder doesn’t mean that you only serve fries. It means that you trust your child to eat the right amount for their body and that you continue to provide the environment and the foods that will allow your child to expand at a pace that feels right to them.
Free the French Fry to be just that. A yummy, crispy, golden French fry.
#freethefrenchfry #responsivefeeding #betterwaythanpotatopay


The brand of kettle is needed to determine the exact amount of electricity used, but most kettles have an average wattage of 2 or 3 kilowatts or kW. If a 2 kW kettle is used for 2 hours then it has used 4 kWh.Continue Reading
To help conserve energy usage of a kettle make sure to only heat up what is needed. If there are three people wanting a cup of tea each, only heat up 3 cups of water instead of the whole kettle. Heating up only 3 cups takes less time than it would to heat the whole kettle. Try to buy a kettle with an automatic shut off feature, so when the water is done boiling it cuts off and does not use up more energy.
The use of an "eco kettle" has been said to conserve energy and allows the user to have the option to adjust the temperature. If the kettle is only going to be used for the occasional cup of tea, get a smaller kettle. If the kettle is needed for multiple functions, for instance making a pitcher of tea, instant soups and other purposes, get a kettle that will hold a lot of water.Learn more about States of Matter


Southern California Coastal & Inland Valleys
Clever Gardening Technique
Deterring Snails and Slugs
To discourage snails and slugs from eating a prized crop, try surrounding the area with the spiky, round fruit pods of the sweet gum tree. The abrasive surface of the ping-pong-ball-sized pods is uninviting for the slugs to crawl across. The balls continue their usefulness after rain or irrigation, unlike ashes or other fine granular substances that must be reapplied.
Another technique is to fence out the snails and slugs. Unweave the top 1/2 inch of a 3-inch strip of aluminum screening and bend the exposed vertical wires to face outward when it's stapled to a baseboard. Snails and slugs can climb the screening but can't pass over the spikes without sticking themselves or falling off backwards, so they avoid it.
Snails and slugs love citrus trees. If you're not getting any citrus fruit, the snails have beat you to them. To keep them from crawling up the trunks, wrap a length of copper sheeting at least 4 inches wide around the trunk. Make sure you don't leave gaps between the sheeting and the tree through which tiny, young snails can crawl. As the snails slime their way across the copper, an unpleasant electrical charge is created, which they avoid the next time.
If you rely on Snarol-type products in fighting snails and slugs, toss a handful up into citrus trees. Some of the pellets will settle on the foliage, and the remainder will fall onto the soil around the trunk, providing food for the slimy creatures wherever they are. Apply it just as the first spring growth and fruit buds are setting -- the very tender tidbits that snails love.
Shows & Events
Arbor Day is celebrated in California on March 7, in honor of horticulturist Luther Burbank's birthday. (Burbank is famous for his work improving varieties of flowers (like Shasta daisy), fruits (Santa Rosa plum), grains, grasses, vegetables (russet Burbank potato), and trees.) Why not plant a tree to celebrate!
Each day, the average person uses 35 pounds of oxygen -- all of it coming from trees and other plants. They literally filter the air by collecting dust and pollutants in the air before they reach our lungs. They make our life more peaceful by providing sound barriers and reducing outdoor noise.
Trees cool homes in summer; one tree can have the same cooling effect as ten, room-size air conditioners. In the winter, deciduous trees let the sun shine through bare branches to warm our homes. Trees provide wood to burn for heat, lumber to build houses, and paper for books and newspapers. Tree roots lessen water runoff, and branches slow down wind. Commercial fruit and nut trees provide 26 million tons of food each year.


Few would debate that rapid technological change has transformed Americans' way of life over the past few decades. Yet technology's impact on various sectors of society has not been uniform, nor has it been consistently positive or negative. A recent YouGov poll finds that Americans are especially likely to have noticed major technological shifts in the areas of communication, media, and entertainment. And while technology-induced changes are generally more likely to be viewed positively than negatively, there are some sectors — such as media and politics — where technology is more often seen as detrimental than beneficial. In terms of Americans' specific worries regarding the future of tech, we find that large majorities are at least somewhat concerned about its influence on elections, the spread of misinformation, and a loss of privacy.
How has technology changed the way other industries operate?
The poll asked Americans to rate the extent to which the technology industry has changed the way 10 sectors operate. At least two-thirds of people say that technology has changed — either a great deal or somewhat — the way each of the sectors asked about operate. The share who say technology's impact has been "great" varies across sectors from more than half to about one-third. The biggest impacts are seen in communication (58% say "a great deal"), media (58%), and entertainment (49%).
Has technological change been good or bad for each sector? For eight of the 10 sectors asked about, more Americans say the technology industry has had more positive effects than say it has had more negative effects. The two exceptions are politics and media: Just 21% say the tech industry has had a positive influence on politics, and 33% say this about media. About half of Americans say that health care (52%) or communication (51%) have been very or somewhat positively affected.
What concerns Americans about the future of technology?
The poll also asked whether Americans are concerned about 20 issues relating to the U.S. technology industry. (Each respondent was asked about a randomly selected sample of 15 of the 20.) Majorities of Americans say they're at least "somewhat concerned" about each of the 20 issues — though some issues are more likely to be seen as "very" concerning. The largest shares say they're very concerned about the use of technology to influence elections and the spread of misinformation through social media. About half also are very concerned about privacy generally, and nearly as many are very concerned about the lack of regulation on data collection and usage. Large numbers are also at least somewhat concerned about the impact of technology on children's development, and the possibility of more people, in general, becoming addicted to tech. The issues polled that Americans express the least concern about are technology's effects on income inequality and on the environment — but more than half are at least somewhat concerned about each.
— Carl Bialik and Linley Sanders contributed to this article
Methodology: This poll was conducted online on January 24 - 27, 2023 among 1,000 U.S. adult citizens. Respondents were selected from YouGov’s opt-in panel using sample matching. A random sample (stratified by gender, age, race, education, geographic region, and voter registration) was selected from the 2019 American Community Survey. The sample was weighted according to gender, age, race, education, 2020 election turnout and presidential vote, baseline party identification, and current voter registration status. Demographic weighting targets come from the 2019 American Community Survey. Baseline party identification is the respondent’s most recent answer given prior to March 15, 2022, and is weighted to the estimated distribution at that time (33% Democratic, 28% Republican). The margin of error for the overall sample is approximately 4%.
Image: Adobe Stock (Peera)


Nanocar takes a test drive
It's the smallest thing on four wheels
The world's smallest toy cars have been set rolling.
They measure just 3 by 4 nanometres: a million of them parked bumper to tail would cover the length of a flea. And they are stripped down to the absolute basics: just a chassis and two axles with wheels at either end.
But they move. Using a powerful microscope, James Tour and his coworkers at Rice University in Houston, Texas, have watched their 'nanocars' trundle over a layer of gold1.
The axles and chassis are made primarily of carbon atoms linked into rigid rods that form an H shape. At each axle tip, the researchers attached a ball-like wheel made from the football-shaped carbon molecule C60.
The key question was whether these diminutive vehicles truly roll over a surface, or just skitter about because of their thermal energy, as many molecules do.
Tour and his colleagues claim that the wheels must indeed be turning. When they used the fine tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope, a device normally used for imaging at the atomic scale, to attract the nanocars and pull them along, the cars moved forward but not sideways. That's just what you would expect to happen if the C60 molecules were rotating on an axis. Occasionally the cars pivoted and took off in a new direction, making zigzag paths.
Three-wheeled nanocars with tripod axles could only turn in circles, again as would be expected if the wheels were revolving.
"This is really exciting", says materials scientist Henry Hess of the University of Florida in Gainesville, who has used biological molecular motors to drive nanoscale objects over surfaces.
Hess believes that it may become possible to use synthetic molecular motors, which other researchers are developing23, to power nanovehicles like this. "If you put these things together, you can see how they might be actively driven," he says.
If he's right, Tour's idea of using 'nanotrucks' and 'nanotrains' to transport materials for nanotechnological construction may one day get on the road.
- Shirai Y., et al.Nano Lett. advance online publication doi:10.1021/nl051915k (2005).
- Fletcher S. P., et al. Science, 310. 80 - 82 (2005).
- Kelly T. R., et al. Nature, 400. 150 (1999).


Once in a Blue Moon
August 02, 2012
I was the kind of kid who usually looked up at the sky when I played outside. I had a great time looking at trees, birds, planes, and clouds. Even now, I love watching lightning in the sky when we get those (increasingly rare this year) summer thunderstorms. I still try to get outside and get a look at various meteor showers when they occur, and seeing the Northern Lights one day in person is very near the top of my bucket list.
So...I was very excited to learn that we will have a blue moon this month. No, the moon does not actually change color and become blue! A blue moon occurs when we have a second full moon in the same calendar month. This year, August has a full moon on the 2nd and another on the 31st. The reason why a blue moon occurs is that it takes 29.5 days for the moon to orbit around Earth, but each calendar month typically has 30 or 31 days. Eventually, we will get a full moon at the beginning of the month, which would allow for us to have another full moon at the tail end of the month.
Happy Sky gazing!
North Oak Branch


Deaf cats are not uncommon; in fact as many cats get older they can show signs of deadness.
My own old cat had started to show signs of deafness, you could walk right up behind her without her knowing you were there and then she would jump out of her skin when she finally noticed you.
It was a worry, as she may not hear traffic coming or other animals etc, so we did start to keep an extra eye on her.
Of course some cats are born deaf and just like deaf humans they compensate by using their other senses more.
In some cases these cats are so well adjusted to their disability that it can sometimes be impossible to know that they are in fact deaf.
There are other reasons too where deafness can occur, for instance:
There may me many owners out there who have a cats who has hearing problems and who are not aware of it, simply because the cats have learned to cope well. However there are some common signs which could indicate that your cat is having hearing problems. For instance:
Any of these signs could indicate deafness and all need to be checked by a vet as in some cases the cause of the deafness can be cured with treatment.
Most cats will learn to adapt to their deafness over time but there a few things as an owner you can do to make things a little easier for them.
In summary, owning a deaf cat need not be any different from owning a hearing cat. In most cases the cat will compensate for its disability and be able to live a normal happy life.


Each of us is born with internal potential to reach greatness, regardless of our fields. You can become the best of the best in your area of interest, from healthcare to politics to engineering to industry and to athletics. It means that many children actually have significant potentials to achieve athletic greatness, but different things happen in their lives. Inappropriate surroundings could actually cause people with great athletic potentials to lead sedentary lifestyle and they become overweight. So what has happened to these potentials? In general, potentials could be lost due to bad parenting, bad coaching, non-active lifestyle, failure to recognize true potentials and injuries. Many parents don’t actually have bad intention, but they may have a different idea on what their children need to achieve in their lives. Parents may have poor dietary habits and lack of physical activities, which may affect the lifestyles of their children. It is important for parents to ensure that their children can reach the pinnacle of their physical activities.
We are living in a society where money is put ahead of sports and dreams. For many people, sports are just a form of recreation and although there are successful athletes out there, there seem to be not too many of them. For this reason, parents can be blinded by the true potentials of their children. Parents who are blind to the potentials of their children can ruin potential accomplishments. They often measure the potentials of children by their grades at school, not their performance in gym classes and athletic tracks. For many people, having good physical performance is something that’s difficult to achieve and they may apply the same assumption to their children. It is important to parents to not apply their own standards to their children, because each person has different potentials and limitations. It is better for parents to observe to see whether children can really perform well in sports activities. If children have genuine desire to perform in athletics and they are able to achieve good results, then parents should nurture that.
It is important to ensure that children can achieve their full potentials. When we see those great athletes, we know that they achieve things, due to the support of their surroundings. Professional athletes are driven and very smart individuals, who are very eager to achieve many things in life. So, it is important to allow children to get all the possible opportunities. Parents should also provide the proper expectations, so children will know what to get in the future. Children may not initially have an athletic build, as well as being the strongest or the fastest. But if they train hard and persistent enough, they can achieve many things in life. In fact, we learn about great athletes, potentials and talents are actually insignificant. Great interest, hard work, motivation and persistence can elevate anyone with proper physical capability to achieve just about anything. Excellence and success are things that can be achieved by many people, regardless of their potentials.


Vegetables are nutrient dense, provide needed vitamins and minerals, contain healing chemical compounds like antioxidants and phytochemicals, and are associated with decreased illness. In addition to being good for health, non-starchy vegetables are also good for weight-loss and maintenance due to the fact that they are satisfying and low calorie.
Ideas to Eat More Vegetables:
- Eat at least one serving of vegetables with every meal and snack.
- Reserve half of your plate at every meal for produce, mostly non-starch vegetables.
- Eat at least 3 or 4 servings of vegetables a day (serving = 1cup raw or 1/2cup cooked)
- Drink your veggies in a green smoothie (60% vegetables, 40% fruit)
Common Non-Starchy Vegetables:
Artichoke, Artichoke, Asparagus, Baby Corn, Bamboo, Beans (green, wax, Italian), Bean Sprouts, Beets , Brussels Sprouts, Broccoli, Cabbage (green, bok choy, Chinese), Carrots, Cauliflower, Celery, Chayote, Cucumber, Daikon, Eggplant, Greens (collard, kale, mustard, turnip, swiss chard), Mushrooms, Okra, Onions, Pea Pods, Peppers, Radishes, Rutabaga, Salad greens (chicory, endive, escarole, lettuce, romaine, spinach, arugula, radicchio, watercress), Sprouts, Squash (cushaw, summer, crookneck, spaghetti, zucchini), Tomato, Turnips, Water chestnuts


As you prepare for the backyard barbeque, and you have invited over some friends, you pull out the plastic lawn chairs from the shed. Ugh, you think. They sure got moldy over the winter and spring.
Not to worry. They’ll be easy to clean. You’ll just put them in the sun for a few hours.
Voila. Welcome to a world in which plastics fused with titanium dioxide are self-cleaning when they are exposed to the sun.
The developers of the innovation — scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB in Stuttgart, Germany — say that UV radiation in sunlight triggers free radicals from titanium dioxide molecules. Those molecules have a tendency to degrade cell walls along with the DNA of fungus and mold, reports The Green Optimistic.
The researchers did a little comparing and contrasting. “We ran some outdoor tests on garden chair armrests with photocatalytic coatings and compared them to ones made from conventional plastic,” says Iris Trick, group manager at the IGB.
They deliberately placed fungi, algae, mosses, and bacteria on plastic chairs with the titanium dioxide. The team found that the plastic was almost completely clean and still white, even after leaving it exposed to the weather for two years, reports International Science Times. Chairs left out for the same period without the titanium dioxide had a layer of dirt that was difficult to remove, the researchers say.
Plastic is not the only surface that can self-clean with the titanium dioxide. “If you apply a thin coating of titanium dioxide to a glass surface such as a smartphone screen, the skin oils and fingerprints gradually disappear from the display by themselves,” says Michael Vergöhl, head of department at the Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST in Braunschweig.
One hour of exposure to sunlight does the trick. Previous photocatalytic surfaces on a phone required it to be left in the sun for three days for it to self-clean. The next step, the scientists say, is to develop coatings that can be activated by artificial light.
Manufacturers of cleaning supplies: Be afraid. Be very afraid.
Source: “Solar Powered Coating Developed for Self-Cleaning Surfaces,” The Green Optimistic, 7/18/12
Source: “Chemical Breakthroughs Could Lead to Self-Cleaning Lawn Furniture Activated by the Sun,” International Science Times, 7/18/12


Functional testing is a form of software testing where you check if your application does what it’s supposed to. Read more.
Functional testing is a form of software testing where you check that your application does what it’s supposed to. In effect, it’s a form of black box testing because you are only concerned with what it does, not how it does it. This is different from unit and integration testing, where you also care about how the software works. Functional testing should test your application from a user’s perspective, however, it’s not the same as user acceptance testing. It can happen at any stage in the development cycle once you have working code to test.
- is about the functionality of your application, not how it achieves it.
- is testing against the business/design requirements of your application.
- is about what the user sees and experiences, but is not the same as user acceptance testing.
- is not interested in the performance and reliability of your application.
- s generally black box.
- can happen at any stage in the development cycle, but generally is done during system and acceptance testing.
- should test all the moving parts of your code. This requires careful thought and test planning.
- should use carefully designed test data with known expected outcomes. This should come from the requirements/design.
- is an essential part of any test plan.
- can be automated relatively easily.
Functional testing is vital
Without functional testing, you can’t know that your application meets its requirements. It may pass all unit tests and non-functional tests with flying colors. But if any functionality is broken, the whole application is broken. This means that you have to plan your testing really carefully. Every user journey should be tested, including ones that might be unusual or non-obvious. Doing this requires cooperation between the product team (who understand what the application should do) and the test team.
What’s required for functional testing?
Functional testing can be done manually. However, it’s best if you can automate it. Functional testing automation tools will help make your life easier, especially if you are testing a complex application. Nowadays, many applications are browser-based rather than native. Such web applications are often easier to test. However, there are many issues relating to test automation. Especially when you are using functional testing tools based on Selenium.


From the perspective of cultivation, good agricultural practices are the set of systems through which we will obtain a better harvest such as the following:
What are good agricultural practices?
When it comes to working our crops, it is essential that we take into account their cycles, and know how to apply them to our particular crop.
This, in theory, may seem simple, but the truth is that it requires experience and time for learning.
In any case, our mission must always be to pursue good agricultural practices that allow us to achieve the perfect balance between the product we obtain, the economic costs, and the process to be carried out in each case.
Good agricultural practices are the set of processes that we must carry out for any of our crops, which will result in a substantial improvement of the fruit we obtain, as well as a more sustainable procedure, that is, that allows us to continue growing year after year. In addition all this will translate into a considerable improvement from the economic perspective.
TIPS FOR GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
Once developed the concept of good agricultural practices focused on the balance in production, it is time to know some of the most relevant aspects to which we have to pay attention.
Soil quality is one of the key points to which we have to pay more attention.
For this, it is important to ensure that the land has adequate nutrients to ensure optimized crop growth.
This means that, if we do not perform crop rotation (and even, even if we do), we must always study the soil composition well and provide all those nutrients that are necessary.
On the other hand, this contribution must always be made within a calendar adapted to our specific harvest, thus ensuring that the plant can take full advantage of all available resources.
Irrigation, one of the keys to a good harvest
We should not neglect irrigation, which must be balanced and adapted to the phases of the tree or plant.
An excessive irrigation, will lead to the appearance of rot, as well as diseases and pests that can cause us to lose our harvest.
For that reason, we must study the crop’s water needs well, analyse the rainfall that has developed in the area, study adequate drainage, and of course, we have to make contributions that meet the real needs of the fruit.
A well-done pruning and always within the calendar, is one of the best ways to achieve maximum crop yield.
We must remember how important it is not only to provide nutrients, but also to take great care that the strength obtained by the plant, does not end up wasting on unnecessary elements such as branches that will not produce fruit, varieties that need sun and have fruits in the shadows, and a long etcetera.
The best time to collect
The best time to collect
On the other hand, we must also know the best time to collect.
In this sense, we have a calendar depending on the crop we have in our hands.
However, these calendars must be adapted to the reality of the year in which we find ourselves, taking into account aspects such as:
- Fruit Maturation.
- Hours of sun.
- If the calendars have been fulfilled when applying products.
- If the calendars based on the weather have been fulfilled.
In this way, the responsible farmer will always analyze the appropriate time to carry out the collection, thus ensuring that the fruit is in an optimal state of ripening, and that it offers the consumer from a good aspect to the guarantee that it has the nutrients, texture and flavor that allows you to place yourself in a higher category compared to the rest.
Soil quality Protect your crop from the most common pests and diseases
So far, we have been talking about good agricultural practices regarding the resources that our plants need to grow healthy and strong.
However, we must not forget that there is also an essential aspect that we must analyze which is making sure that our crops are protected and safe from what a producer most fears, which are pests and diseases.
For that reason, in addition to preparing a calendar that allows us to guarantee the timely application of all necessary products, we must also take into account the importance of maintaining good control of the crop.
There are certain practices such as pruning at the wrong time, the cleaning of adjoining and others, which can become an undeniable attraction for these pests and diseases.
That is why it is essential that we know not only our harvest, but also our environment, and of course we have to make sure that we always use products that are natural, without waste, safe and efficient, since in this way , we will be much more likely to reach our goals.
It is important to keep in mind that these are good agricultural practices from a general perspective.
In each case, the farmer must study his specific crop and his zone, so that he obtains the balance through which he would obtain a bigger fruit, of greater quality, with better appearance, and better quoted


The Grass is Blue
"It seems like bluegrass people have more great stories to tell than other musicians." - Dan Fogelberg
One of the purist of American art forms, bluegrass music was born in the Appalachians at the arrival of Irish, Scottish, Welsh and English immigrants in the 18th century. Now considered a sub-genre of country music, bluegrass evolved to include elements of jazz and African music and continues to grow as the Americana folk sound still appeals to new listeners today.
Explore our essentials list and discover great stories from where the grass is blue.


Turf grass, like any plant, needs a strong root system to thrive. However, turf grass is pruned far more frequently than most plants– every time the grass is cut! This means grass spends most of its energy growing new foliage, instead of strengthening its root system. A poor root system means a plant, including grass, can’t get the nutrients it needs, is not able to survive extended dry periods, and is less resistant to pests and pathogens.
If you are a Hively Lawncare customer, you’re already helping your turf grass with regular fertilization. But what else can you do to improve its health? Lawn aeration! Lawn aeration, which refers to the removal of thousands of small soil ‘cores’ from the turf grass, allows water and fertilizer to more easily reach the root zone. Aeration also improves soil structure by reducing compaction, reducing thatch, and creating room for new roots to grow. At Hively, we recommend an annual lawn aeration due to the clay soils in our region.
For you DIYers out there, mechanical aerators are available at most local rental stores, but consider yourself warned— aerating is dirty, noisy, hard work, and it’s surprisingly easy to mess up! Hively offers both spring and fall aeration; the summer months are not ideal. So if you have better things to do with your time, contact Hively to learn more about lawn aeration and you’ll be one step closer to a healthier lawn!


"They had found a leader, Robert E. Lee—and what a leader! ... No military leader since Napoleon has aroused such enthusiastic devotion among troops as did Lee when he reviewed them on his horse Traveller."So wrote Samuel Eliot Morison in his magisterial "The Oxford History of the American People" in 1965.
First in his class at West Point, hero of the Mexican War, Lee was the man to whom President Lincoln turned to lead his army. But when Virginia seceded, Lee would not lift up his sword against his own people, and chose to defend his home state rather than wage war upon her.
This veneration of Lee, wrote Richard Weaver, "appears in the saying attributed to a Confederate soldier, 'The rest of us may have ... descended from monkeys, but it took a God to make Marse Robert.'"
Growing up after World War II, this was accepted history.
Yet, on the militant left today, the name Lee evokes raw hatred and howls of "racist and traitor." A clamor has arisen to have all statues of him and all Confederate soldiers and statesmen pulled down from their pedestals and put in museums or tossed onto trash piles.
What has changed since 1965?
It is not history. There have been no great new discoveries about Lee.
What has changed is America herself. She is not the same country. We have passed through a great social, cultural and moral revolution that has left us irretrievably divided on separate shores.
And the politicians are in panic.
Two years ago, Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe called the giant statues of Lee and "Stonewall" Jackson on Richmond's Monument Avenue "parts of our heritage." After Charlottesville, New York-born-and-bred McAuliffe, entertaining higher ambitions, went full scalawag, demanding the statues be pulled down as "flashpoints for hatred, division, and violence."
Who hates the statues, Terry? Who's going to cause the violence? Answer: The Democratic left whom Terry must now appease.
McAuliffe is echoed by Lt. Gov. Ralph Northam, the Democratic candidate in November to succeed McAuliffe. GOP nominee Ed Gillespie wants Monument Avenue left alone.
The election is the place to decide this, but the left will not wait.
In Durham, North Carolina, our Taliban smashed the statue of a Confederate soldier. Near the entrance of Duke University Chapel, a statue of Lee has been defaced, the nose broken off.
Wednesday at dawn, Baltimore carried out a cultural cleansing by taking down statues of Lee and Maryland Chief Justice Roger Taney who wrote the Dred Scott decision and opposed Lincoln's suspension of the right of habeas corpus.
Like ISIS, which smashed the storied ruins of Palmyra, and the al-Qaida rebels who ravaged the fabled Saharan city of Timbuktu, the new barbarism has come to America. This is going to become a blazing issue, not only between but within the parties.
For there are 10 Confederates in Statuary Hall in the Capitol, among them Lee, Georgia's Alexander Stephens, vice president to Jefferson Davis, and Davis himself. The Black Caucus wants them gone.
Mount Rushmore-sized carvings of Lee, Jackson and Davis are on Stone Mountain, Georgia. Are they to be blasted off?
There are countless universities, colleges and high schools like Washington & Lee named for Confederate statesmen and soldiers. Across the Potomac from D.C. are Jefferson Davis Highway and Leesburg Pike to Leesburg itself, 25 miles north. Are all highways, streets, towns and counties named for Confederates to be renamed? What about Fort Bragg?
On every Civil War battlefield, there are monuments to the Southern fallen. Gettysburg has hundreds of memorials, statues and markers. But if, as the left insists we accept, the Confederates were traitors trying to tear America apart to preserve an evil system, upon what ground do Democrats stand to resist the radical left's demands?
What do we do with those battlefields where Confederates were victorious: Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville?
"Where does this all end?" President Trump asked.
It doesn't. Not until America's histories and biographies are burned and new texts written to Nazify Lee, Jackson, Davis and all the rest, will a newly indoctrinated generation of Americans accede to this demand to tear down and destroy what their fathers cherished.
And once all the Confederates are gone, one must begin with the explorers, and then the slave owners like Presidents Washington, Jefferson and Madison, who seceded from slave-free Britain. White supremacists all.
Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay of Kentucky and John Calhoun must swiftly follow.
Then there are all those segregationists. From 1865 to 1965, virtually all of the great Southern senators were white supremacists.
In the first half of the 20th century, Woodrow Wilson and FDR carried all 11 states of a rigidly segregationist South all six times they ran, and FDR rewarded Dixie by putting a Klansman on the Supreme Court.
While easy for Republicans to wash their hands of such odious elements as Nazis in Charlottesville, will they take up the defense of the monuments and statues that have defined our history, or capitulate to the icon-smashers?
In this Second American Civil War, whose side are you on?
Patrick J. Buchanan needs no introduction to VDARE.COM readers; his books State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion and Conquest of America, and Suicide of a Superpower: Will America Survive to 2025? are available from Amazon.com. Patrick J. Buchanan is the author of “The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority.
His latest book, published May 9, is “Nixon’s White House Wars: The Battles That Made and Broke a President and Divided America Forever.”
See Peter Brimelow’s review: “Wheel And Fight”—Pat Buchanan’s Nixon Book Provides Road Map For Trump.


CONGRESS AND US A Portrait of the 114th Congress: Members of the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives. Accurate as of April 16, 2015.
Indicator: BODY STATE DISTRICT (IF HOUSE) NAME PARTY GENDER HIGHEST DEGREE ATTAINED
HIGHEST DEGREE LEVEL
YEAR OF BIRTH RACE OR ETHNICITY
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (YEARS)
House in which the Member serves: House of Representatives or the Senate.
State that the Member represents. Congressional District represented by Member if sitting in the House. "At-large" congressional districts are denoted as 1. Member's full name. Member's party affiliation. Member's gender. Member's highest degree attained. Honorary degrees are not counted. Highest degree level is the broad category into which the highest degree attained of each Member can be grouped. These categories are: less than high school diploma, high school diploma, bachelor's degree, graduate or professional degree.
Year of Member's birth. Member's race and ethnicity as reported by the U.S. House of Representatives Press Gallery website. Life expectancy at birth of the gender and the racial or ethnic group to which the Member belongs for the state the Member represents. If no estimate for a racial or ethnic group was available, then the life expectancy by gender for the Member's state was imputed.
United States House of Representatives, Directory of Representatives (Official Member Websites): http://www.house.gov/representatives/ ; United States Senate, Senators of the 114th Congress (Official Member Websites): http://www.nationaljournal.com/alman ac/114th-congress-new-members;
House Press Gallery, 2014 House Election Results: http://pressgallery.house.gov/2014election-results Measure of America calculations using mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, as compiled from data provided by the fifty-seven vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program, and intercensal population estimates by age group produced by the U.S. Census Bureau in collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and released by NCHS through the CDC-WONDER on-line database. Estimates are for 2011.


People have used biotechnology processes such as selectively breeding animals and fermentation for thousands of years. Late 19th and early 20th century discoveries of how microorganisms carry out commercially useful processes and how they cause disease led to the commercial production of vaccines and antibiotics. Improved methods for animal breeding have also resulted from these efforts. California scientists in the San Francisco Bay Area took a giant step forward with the discovery and development of recombinant DNA techniques in the 1970s. The field of biotechnology continues to accelerate with new discoveries leading to new applications expected to benefit California's economy throughout the 21st Century.
In its broadest definition, biotechnology is the application of biological techniques and engineered organisms to make products or modify plants and animals to carry desired traits. For the purposes of this study, this definition also extends to the use of various human cells and other body parts to produce desirable products. In this paper, the term "bioindustry" refers to the cluster of companies that produce engineered biological products and their supporting businesses. "Biotechnology" refers to the use of the biological sciences (such as gene manipulation), often in combination with other sciences (such as materials sciences, nanotechnology, and computer software), to discover, evaluate and develop products for bioindustry.4
The literature of biotechnology is enormous and quickly growing. A recent five-minute exploration of biotechnology resources on the Internet resulted in an 82-page listing of publications, agencies, associations, and companies. A quick search for documents under the specific subject "biotechnology" in the Melvyl catalog of University of California resources found 1,540 items. Both searches included documents published only within the last ten years! A full search, finding documents listed under related headings and spanning the entire database, would have been far larger. A search of periodical articles would have multiplied the resources yet again. Our intent in this report has been to bring together useful information from this vast literature on the subject.
The following chapters sketch out how several factors interact to shape the industry's development. These factors include:
The pattern that emerges is used to identify government policy options.
Analysts commonly classify bioindustry firms under the following five headings based on their end markets: 5
For ease of discussion, current developments in each of these categories will be regrouped by the field they affect: human health related products; animal and plant products; food processing; environmental cleanup and energy; and links with microelectronics and nanotechnology.
Biotechnology is researching a broad range of human-health-related products. This discussion will focus only on pharmaceuticals and genetic engineering. (These technological advances raise serious ethical issues, discussed in Chapter IV.)
Diagnostic products. Biotechnology products have made it easier to detect and diagnose illnesses. Many of these new techniques are easier to use and some, such as pregnancy testing, can even be used at home. More than 400 clinical diagnostic devices using biotechnology products are in use today. The most important are screening techniques to protect the blood supply against contamination by AIDS and the hepatitis B and C viruses. 6
Pharmaceuticals. Biotechnology regularly produces remarkable new medical treatments and applications for improving human health. The Food and Drug Administration has approved preventive agents or treatments for:
Acute Growth Deficiency Cystic Fibrosis Hepatitis B (vaccine and therapeutic) AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma Anemia Hairy cell leukemia Diabetes mellitus Venereal warts Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) Kidney transplant rejection 7
Well over 1,000 clinical trials of new drugs and biological agents are currently under way. A majority of these are for cancer or cancer-related conditions. About one out of seven of the trials are for drugs to treat AIDS or HIV-related conditions. 8
Gene Therapy. "Gene therapy," according to a Scientific American review of the field, may "constitute a fourth health care revolution," following those of teaching public health practices, surgery with anesthesia, and antibiotics. " [Introduction] of selected genes into a patient's cells can potentially cure or ease the vast majority of disorders. . . . More than 4,000 conditions [such as cystic fibrosis, cancer, heart disease, AIDS, arthritis and senility] result to an extent from impairment of one or more genes . . . ." 9
Altering Genes in Sperm. A method has been discovered for altering genes in sperm. 10 The process will be patented. So far the method has only been applied to animals.
Insertion of Genes from other Species into Human Sex Cells. This transgenic (cross-species) procedure could improve the quality of life and health of future humans, particularly if it means that they will not experience a genetically transmitted disease or defect.
Somatic Gene Therapy. Somatic Gene Therapy involves insertion of genes from another species or a human into a sick person. For example, in 1988 a team of scientists wanted to place a bacterial gene into the bodies of terminally ill melanoma patients using a rodent retroviral vector. 11 The purpose was to develop a better understanding of how the immune system fights cancer and whether genes from other organisms could be used for this purpose. National Institutes of Health guidelines required that the research team receive approval from the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. The Advisory Committee voted to approve the project and it was carried out. 12 A recent review of National Institutes of Health investments in gene therapy research found that progress is being made but that more attention needs to be paid to basic research. 13
Insertion of a healthy gene from one person to another to treat a health problem is also possible. In 1989, the first human gene transplant was authorized by a United States District Court in Washington, D.C. 14 Since then, scientists have demonstrated that it is possible to insert a healthy human gene into the cells in a cystic fibrosis patient's lungs. The implanted gene produces an essential protein to replace one that is defective in cystic fibrosis patients. A second approach is to use genetically-altered common cold virus to act as a carrier of the healthy gene into the body. This approach has been successfully tested in the laboratory. 15 In October of 1995 the first clear gene therapy success was claimed by scientists. Two children suffering from an inherited gene that left them without an immune system received normal genes. One patient's response showed clear improvement. 16
Artificial Organs: Biotechnology is moving beyond transplantation to direct fabrication of body parts and organs. This technology depends on the manipulation, using computer-aided design, of ultrapure, biodegradable plastics and polymers. It has already been demonstrated in animals with an engineered artificial heart valve for lambs. Innovative electronics may be used. For example, "An ultrathin chip, placed surgically at the back of the eye, could work in conjunction with a miniature camera to stimulate the nerves that transmit images." 17
Vaccines. The cost and availability of potential future vaccines may depend on biotechnology research. For example, efforts are underway to sequence the genome of human pathogens and parasites. The goal is to identify genes in these organisms that influence metabolism and could be drug targets or that encode antigens that could be built into vaccines. 18 Examples include the agents that cause leprosy and African sleeping sickness.
The projected benefits from bioindustry animal and plant research and products are considerable. The Office of Technology Assessment estimates that agricultural biotechnology will continue to help agricultural productivity to increase at about the same rapid historical rate of the last two decades. 19 Table 1 shows what the estimated impact of biotechnology might be on animal- and plant-related products. For example, the bushel per acre yield of corn is predicted to increase by as much as 21 percent if more new biotechnology is developed, compared to projected loss of 2 percent if less new technology is used. The application of more new biotechnology could increase the number of calves born per 100 cows by 12 per year. These are significant increases which could have a substantial impact on commodities and the cost of food. Requirements for field testing and regulatory approval, the acceptance of the new methods by farmers, and public acceptance of the new products could significantly influence these projections.
Genetic engineering may improve an animal's economic value. Genetically engineered hormones, transfer of genes from other species, and introduction of human genes to produce specified substances are all being used today for this purpose. Experiments with transplantation of animal organs to humans are under way.
Genetically engineered hormones and other biologically active substances may improve animal qualities. For example, pigs that were administered a new bioengineered growth hormone (porcine somatotropin) "show increased average daily weight gains of about 10 to 20 percent, improved feed efficiency of 15 to 35 percent, decreased adipose (fat) tissue mass . . . of 50 to 80 percent, and concurrently increased protein deposition of as much as 50 percent without adversely affecting the quality of the meat. [This hormone] is currently being reviewed by the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for commercial use." 20
In 1993, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Posilac, a Monsanto company product containing recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) to improve the milk production of dairy cows. 21 On average, depending on the management skill of the producer, rBST can increase milk production by about 12 percent. 22 Concern has been expressed about possible antibiotic residue levels in milk; however, the California Department of Food and Agriculture's position is that public health is safeguarded:
Should the use of rBST result in additional antibiotic use in treating mastitis, dairy herd managers have the same obligatory responsibilities for excluding the milk from antibiotic treated cows from human consumption that they presently have. Every tanker truck of milk produced in California is presently tested for antibiotic residues. 23
Several states have seriously considered laws that would require milk and dairy products produced with rBST to be so labeled. 24 Vermont, having adopted labeling regulations, is facing a lawsuit charging that the state is discriminating against out-of-state producers that do not label their products. 25
The potential economic impact of genetically engineered animal products may be to encourage consolidation of the industry around fewer and larger dairies. For example, a large dairy with sufficient capital may be able to afford to treat its cows with rBST and to provide the necessary management and veterinary support. The increased milk production and possible lowering of milk prices could drive out of business small dairies that cannot afford the increased expenses associated with using the hormone.
A transgenic animal contains genes which have been inserted from another species into the egg to generate a particular scientifically useful or marketable characteristic. Offspring include the desired trait.
The vast majority of transgenic animals being produced today are laboratory mice with genes inserted from many different species (including humans). Typical is the Oncomouse, which is genetically modified to develop malignant tumors useful for human cancer research. Recently developed transgenic farm animals include cattle, chickens, pigs, rabbits, sheep, fish, and goats. 26 Transgenic cattle and swine have recently been developed to produce human growth hormone. Transgenic animal blood would produce products that are free of HIV and other transmittable human disease organisms. 27
The term "gene pharming," playing on the words farming plus pharmaceutical, refers to the production of biologically active drugs using genetically altered animals. For example, Genzyme Transgenics has purchased a farm in western Massachusetts to breed genetically altered goats which produce human therapeutic and diagnostic proteins in their milk. Gene pharming is expected to be a less costly production method than traditional cell culture methods. In August of 1995, the FDA issued guidelines for medicines derived from the milk of genetically altered animals. 28
There are not enough donors of human organs to meet the need. Researchers hope that genetic engineering will soon make it possible to alter the pig so that it can become a routine source of organs for transplant into humans. Research to reduce the chances for rejection of transplanted animal organs is close to human clinical trials. The pharmaceutical industry is interested in developing the technology and is investing in the research.
Mass Producing Identical Animals
Recent laboratory success in producing identical sheep by cloning "...could open the door to gene-altered animals with desirable traits, such as sheep with better wool or pigs with `humanized' organs suitable for transplantation into people." 29 Each of the biotechnology animal related developments discussed above might be able to use this new technique to maximize benefits by reducing variation between animals.
The current work in plant biotechnology emphasizes modification of plant-specific characteristics such as resistance to weeds, pests, herbicides, and pesticides, tolerance to stress, and improved nutritional content. Other work focuses on improving traits important to agriculture such as frost resistance and nitrogen fixation. 30 According to the Biotechnology Industry Organization, all of these activities are directed at improving the yield and reliability of plants in the face of pests, reducing the cost of farming by reducing the need for costly herbicides, improving crop quality, and increasing crop diversity by developing entirely new crops. 31
A little less than half of agbioindustry's resources are spent on genetic engineering aimed at producing herbicide resistant crops, rather than disease-resistant crops. Herbicide-resistance research seeks to develop plants that can resist intensive applications of herbicides. 32 In contrast, disease-resistance research seeks to engineer plants that are resistant to diseases and insects. 33 At least 27 herbicide-producing corporations, including the world's eight largest pesticide producers, are working in this area. Market value of these products is expected to exceed $6 billion by the turn of the century. 34 In 1995 the Environmental Protection Agency, for the first time, granted "limited premarket approval for pesticidal transgenic plants. The...approval allows these companies to plant experimental crops of pesticide-resistant potatoes, corn, and cotton with the goal of gathering data that could lead to commercialization as early as 1996." 35
Plant viruses can devastate entire food crops, including corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, and potatoes. Virus-resistant plants have been developed by introducing the genes that encode a key part of the virus into the plant. The new plant retards viral infection and viral replication. Enhanced viral resistance should improve crop quality and yield; it also should decrease the need for insecticides directed against insects that spread the virus. The level of viral material in any plant is "not expected to present a health risk for humans and livestock," according to the American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs. 36
Food-processing research currently focuses on growth and fermentation by yeast and bacteria. These methods are well known technologies used in cheese- and bread- making. Biotechnology applications include producing fermentation starter cultures with specific taste, texture or other characteristics; creating plant tissue for the production of plant-derived ingredients (starches for example); and improving waste management (such as oil or other waste digesting bacteria). "In principle," one report asserts, "any commodity that is consumed in an undifferentiated or highly processed form could be produced in this manner, and product substitution could be easily introduced. . . . In short, agricultural production in the field could be supplanted by cell- and tissue-culture factories." 37
Renewable sources of energy have been a national priority since the mid-1970s. Environmental cleanup of large toxic spills and of military bases remains a challenge. Biotechnologists are researching ways of addressing these needs.
Biotechnology may offer efficient ways to produce renewable energy by using microorganisms, modified plants, plant material, municipal and animal wastes, and other sources to produce different types of fuels and gases. Research is underway exploring the use of organisms to enhance the recovery of fossil fuels, to improve coal desulfurization, and to convert coal to gasoline. 38
Commercialization of this technology will depend on energy companies and others investing in the necessary machinery to use the products. Relatively little research and development has been done in the U.S. on the environmental impacts of these crops. 39
"Bioremediation" involves the use of microorganisms to degrade various types of environmental pollution, such as waste oil and heavy metals, to produce environmentally safe byproducts. 40 This method was used to clean oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico and Prince William Sound, and might be used to decontaminate military bases or to remove heavy metals from soil. It might also be used to clean up nuclear waste. Approval was recently given to release genetically engineered bacteria to "feast on pollutants in Oak Ridge National Laboratory soil." 41
Government environmental regulatory efforts to clean up polluting industries and hazardous materials disposal sites are encouraging research and development of bioremediation. 42 Germany recently passed a law requiring manufacturing companies to assume responsibility for their products from cradle to grave. As a consequence, German companies have become quite interested in biotechnological solutions in order to avoid the high costs of traditional cleanup methods.
Currently, little U.S. federal research funding is available for bioremediation research. Unresolved questions include possible risks of releasing the organisms into the environment and standards that may be too stringent for certain types of bioremediation.
The bioremediation industry was expected to gross $300 million worldwide by the end of 1995. 43
Research at the frontiers of microelectronics, nanotechnology, 44 and biotechnology may lead to fruitful collaboration among and advancement of these fields. Advanced microelectronics will play an important role in the future development of biotechnology. For example, computer-assisted gene sequencing may be used to control biotechnology manufacturing processes. 45 Computer-based "artificial life" experiments are believed by some to increase scientific understanding of how organisms evolve, and may make it easier to search for, design, and "evolve" new organisms. 46
Conversely, biotechnology has implications for microelectronics. For example, genetically-engineered synthetic genes could be incorporated into bioengineered materials and molecular electronic devices. According to the RAND Corporation, "Possible applications include optoelectronic memories with large storage capacities, biocomputation (the use of biomolecules as computational building blocks), artificial sensors (e.g., a protein-based artificial retina for image sensing), and biosensors, which could, for example, detect bacterial agents [on the battlefield] )." 47
Nanotechnology involves tools and machines that operate at macromolecular level dimensions, almost eliminating the distinction between biochemistry and physics. 48 Miniature machines which disperse a combination of biologically engineered drugs could be injected into the blood stream to correct serious blood vessel or other problems. 49 Although scientists have been unable to manipulate individual biological molecules, nanotechnology might make it possible to do so. Such manipulations could be used to self-organize the creation of nanomachines. It may also be possible to develop a nanomachine engine that uses the same fuel that the body uses (ATP) to molecularly manufacture biologically active substances within the body. 50
Research funding, cost containment, and product marketing opportunities have a strong effect on research agendas. The final institutional customer for a potential product, profit to be made in a particular market, or cost containment strategies can determine which basic research projects are pursued or move into the product development stage.
The decision to pursue a particular research agenda and to develop a particular product involves the allocation of a considerable amount of financial resources over an extended time--up to 12 years for some pharmaceutical products. There must be some certainty that such an investment will lead to a marketable product. According to the biotechnology industry, cost control initiatives within health care have created a number of public policy issues that affect research and product development choices:
Historically, the role of biomedical research in reducing health care costs has been undervalued for four reasons:
The Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology contends that advances in health-related biotechnology could be of great value in containing health care costs through new diagnostic, prevention, and treatment techniques. New drugs may keep the patient productive and out of the hospital, and they might improve quality of life. 52
On the other hand, some new biotechnology-developed drugs and associated laboratory services could be prohibitively expensive. For example, the drug Centoxin deals with certain types of septic infections, a potentially fatal complication most commonly associated with post-surgical and elderly patients. Such infections claim 100,000 lives each year. The drug can cost $4,000 per treatment. Also, the hospital laboratory must be immediately available to determine whether the septic infection can be treated with the drug, which also increases costs. Hospitals may have to tighten guidelines on the use of such drugs, improve inventory procedures, and develop a clear estimate of long-term costs and benefits.
The lack of an accepted method for determining the costs compared to benefits of a new drug, combined with potential additional costs in laboratory and other services, creates long term market uncertainty. High levels of uncertainty about a promising basic research avenue or product development effort could result in its receiving a lower priority and reduced access to venture capital than if these issues had been resolved. 53
Agriculture continues to be at the center of a succession of technological and organizational changes that are slowly altering the traditional relationships between final production, its location, and the land and other natural resource inputs. 54 Agribusiness is "arguably the most capital-intensive, most technology-intensive, and most information-intensive industry around." 55Government-subsidized technological improvements in machines, seeds, and fertilizers have led to vastly increased crop yields. There has been a corresponding decrease in the number of farms and farm workers and an increase in the size of farms.
The development and introduction of new agricultural technologies has very different consequences depending on whether the technology is "yield enhancing," "labor saving," or "value adding." "Labor saving" technologies enable individual producers to greatly increase the size of their operation or to reduce the cost of labor. The tomato-picking machine is a good example. "Yield-enhancing" technologies increase yields through an improved crop strain, improved fertilizers, or pest control. "Value adding" means that the technology increases nutritional or other food qualities relative to an existing plant species or extends its shelf life without reducing its other favorable qualities. In general, biotechnologies tend to be yield-enhancing but some have been labor saving. Both technologies can result in fewer farms and greater industry concentration.
Biotechnology could continue to influence the restructuring of the U.S. agricultural industry and also catalyze major changes in the structure of worldwide agribusiness. The industry has been undergoing both vertical and horizontal concentration over the past decade:
Mergers, acquisitions, and concentration in the agricultural-input and food-processing industries have occurred, as traditionally nonfood industries such as chemical, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, and tobacco expand their investments. Most analysts predict biotechnology will continue and accelerate this trend toward increasing concentration of control by a small number of large multinational corporations. 56
For example, seed producers with proprietary value-added products could form partnerships or integrate in some other way with food processors to capture a greater portion of the full market value. Similarly, food processors could increasingly develop and control the production of proprietary crops engineered for specific production or marketing purposes. Growers could produce specific products, as "contract growers," for a food processor through formal business agreements such as joint ventures and alliances. Alternatively, vertical mergers may consolidate control of the entire production, distribution, and marketing chain. Such technology-driven vertical integration could create significant changes: 57
In 1991, the President's Council on Competitiveness wrote, "Modifications of plants, animals and microorganisms may be made to improve important beneficial characteristics, and should not be used to create or enhance dangerous, harmful characteristics." 61 Yet serious questions remain. For example, a recent news account described development of a possibly harmful characteristic, increased nicotine, in tobacco plants. The development reportedly took place in the U.S. laboratories and Brazilian fields of a biotechnology firm working for the Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation. Until December 13, 1991, federal law prohibited exporting tobacco seeds or plants from the U.S. without a permit. However, the new plant was supposedly seen growing in fields in Brazil in the early 1980s. These reports raise questions both about the use of biotechnology to create substances that may be bad for the public's health and about ignoring regulations concerning export and release of experimental plants in the wild. 62
Next Chapter: Bioindustry in the U.S., California, and the World
Return to table of contents


U.S. Gold Coins Gold American Eagle Coins Gold Buffalo Coins Commemorative Gold Coins High Relief Gold Coins Pre-1933 Gold Coins
The successful Apollo 11 Mission and the landing of the first men on the Moon was a distinctly American triumph. Although the bulk of the credit rightfully goes to the nation behind the mission, other countries also made extremely valuable – and often overlooked – contributions to it.
The Apollo 11 mission that landed men on the moon for the first time is often considered an American enterprise, and for good reason. Americans funded the effort, an American agency managed and executed the mission, and it was American astronauts who manned the mission. Although the bulk of the credit rightfully goes to the nation behind the mission, other countries also made extremely valuable – and often overlooked – contributions to it.
Canadians working at NASA and in Longueuil, Quebec played important roles in the mission. James Chamberlin of Kamloops, British Colombia in particular helped to decide on the type of spacecraft that would put men on the moon, pushing successfully for a lunar orbit rendezvous. This ultimately resulted in the development of the lunar module, which would descend to the lunar surface and then reconnect with the main spacecraft, which itself would not land. Another Canadian, Owen Maynard, also played an important role, effectively serving as chief engineer of the lunar lander.
America’s northern neighbor’s contributions to the mission were not limited to the roles of individuals. Héroux Machine Parts Limited, a Canadian company, made the landing gear legs that were put on the lunar module. One could even say that the first legs on the lunar surface were Canadian, not American.
To celebrate the 50th Anniversary and the contributions of the Canadian nation, the Royal Canadian Mint has released a series of stunning domed coins.
Outside of the United States, perhaps no nation made greater contributions to the Apollo 11 mission than Switzerland. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the Omega Speedmaster chronographs, products of Biel, served as the astronauts’ timepieces on their mission. Aldrin used his while working on the surface of the moon, and the “Moonwatch” continues to be manufactured today.
One of the first things that Buzz Aldrin did upon emerging from the module was to set up the University of Bern’s Solar Wind Collector experiment (SWC). This was the only non-American experiment to be performed on the moon. The astronauts brought the piece of aluminum foil back to Earth with them, and it was examined at the Physics Institute of the University of Bern. The information gathered from the experiment taught scientists more not only about our solar system, but also about the Big Bang. These two important contributions are just the tip of the iceberg in terms of Swiss contributions to the mission.
While the mission itself was critical, its impact on Earth could only be maximized through transmissions that enabled the entire world to witness the historic event. Credit for that goes to site in Australia, in particular Honeysuckle Creek. The site was originally a backup to Tidbinbilla, but a fire at the latter shortly before the mission caused NASA to lose confidence in that site. Accordingly, it was Honeysuckle Creek that received and relayed the first footage of man setting foot on the moon. The tracking station closed in 1981, but its vital role in the Apollo 11 mission will forever be remembered.
The Royal Australian Mint and the United States Mint partnered together for the first time to release an unprecedented 2-coin set featuring one Apollo themed coin from each Mint.
A German scientist also proved critical to the mission, although his dark past makes many reluctant to celebrate his contributions. Nazi engineer Wernher von Braun came to the United States following the Second World War. NASA made the most of his expertise, making him the director of the Marshall Space Flight Center. He would go on to serve as the Saturn V launch vehicle’s main architect. That vehicle propelled the mission to its target.
Perhaps the most international element to the mission was a disc carrying goodwill messages from the leaders of 73 countries including four American Presidents, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon. Among those sending goodwill messages were such noteworthy leaders as the Republic of China’s Chiang Kai-shek, India’s Indira Gandhi, Iran’s Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, Romania’s Nicolae Ceausescu, Queen Elizabeth II, and Pope Paul VI.
Although the Apollo 11 mission was clearly a triumph of American ingenuity and technical prowess, it would be folly to overlook the important contributions of countries and individuals from around the world. From science and technology to media and messages of unity and hope, contributions from around the world helped to make the mission a success. As the world commemorates the 50th anniversary of the mission, be sure to take a few moments to reflect on the magnitude of the accomplishment, especially in light of the fact that man’s first flight of any kind was taken less than a century before the mission.
ModernCoinMart® is a retail distributor of coin and currency issues and is not affiliated with the U.S. government. The collectible coin market is unregulated, highly speculative and involves risk. ModernCoinMart reserves the right to decline to consummate any sale, within its discretion, including due to pricing errors. Prices, facts, figures and populations deemed accurate as of the date of publication but may change significantly over time. All purchases are expressly conditioned upon your acceptance of ModernCoinMart’s Terms and Conditions (www.moderncoinmart.com/terms-conditions.html or call 1-800-362-9004); to decline, return your purchase pursuant to ModernCoinMart’s Return Policy. © 2019 ModernCoinMart. All rights reserved
||Sean McConeghy is a freelance writer and network marketer living in Roatan, Honduras. He originally hails from New York and specializes in writing about numismatics, real estate, and politics.|


TAMPA, Fla. — As the number of new coronavirus cases increases in Florida and other states, there’s still a lot that researchers are trying to figure out about the novel virus.
One thing they do know is that while the rate of infection is climbing, the percentage of people who get COVID-19 and experience the most severe symptoms remains relatively low.
What they don’t know yet is why some otherwise healthy people get really sick from infection but not others.
“We definitely have awareness that certain populations have underlying conditions and they are at higher risk of having an adverse reaction to this virus,” said Dr. Matthew Mullarkey, the lead investigator on the project.
“What we’re interested in studying, though, is why it sometimes happens to otherwise healthy individuals… who suddenly develop blood clots, lungs filled with fluid, a respiratory issue.”
Using tiny sensors that can be worn around a person’s wrist and chest, University of South Florida researchers hope to figure out how to predict when a patient might be most at-risk for severe symptoms to ultimately be able to prevent it.
The technology will monitor the physiological conditions—like skin temperature, heart rate, blood oxygen levels—of more than 100 people with COVID-19.
Mullarkey says 15 specific biometrics will be monitored non-stop in the patients for between 14 to 21 days.
It’s a massive amount of data that, Mullarkey says, could reveal patterns of how different people react to being infected with the virus. Those patterns could help identify early indicators—an early warning system—signaling if an otherwise healthy person could be at risk of developing more severe symptoms.
“The purpose would be to help physicians diagnose earlier that a particular patient has this certain set of three, four, five variables that are going to go sideways,” he said.
“So we could get two, to four, to six days in front of the person ending up in an ICU and begin a treatment plan targeted at that particular physiology.”
The study is a partnership between the USF MUMA College of Business, Tampa General Hospital-USF Health COVID Clinic and USF College of Nursing.
The wearable monitoring technology is similar to sensors USF MUMA College of Business researchers used in February in a first-of-its-kind experiment to measure how viewers biometrically responded to watching a presidential primary debate. The sensors are manufactured by the same company called Shimmer.
"The vast majority of us are relatively healthy individuals and are still at risk of contracting this virus," Mullarkey said. "All of us could benefit potentially from the information we can learn."
- Bucs release first photos of Tom Brady in team uniform
- Florida sees highest number of COVID-19 cases yet: 2,783 in one day
- Nurse and theme park workers among 16 men arrested for child porn, Polk sheriff says
- Gatlinburg Skybridge glass cracked by visitor
- President Trump signs executive order on policing reform
- CDC posts everyday tips for minimizing COVID-19 risk
- Epidemiologist says data can be misleading and coronavirus is spreading in Florida
FREE 10 TAMPA BAY APP:
►Stay In the Know! Sign up now for the Brightside Blend Newsletter


The prevalence of coronavirus cases in England fell by about 60 per cent from February to March, and recent data suggest the decline is “leveling off,” the researchers said.
Experts found that the infection rate fell in all age groups and regions during those two months, and the figures also suggest that the introduction of a coronavirus vaccine could “break the link” between infections, death and hospital admissions.
According to the latest round of the Real-Time Community Disease Transmission Assessment Study (REACT-1), one in 500 people on average still carried the virus in March.
Read more about COVID-19:
The researchers found that from February to March, there was a “big drop” in the prevalence of the virus in southwest and London, but in the south of Yorkshire and parts of the east there are still “persistent areas of higher prevalence” of the Midlands and northwest viruses.
To date, more than 1.5 million people have given swabs for the REACT-1 study, so experts can estimate the rate of infection across the country. The tenth round of tests was conducted between March 11 and 30, with 140,844 smears collected, which gave 227 positive results. This compares with 689 positive results from 165,456 swabs from February 4 to 23.
The researchers’ findings, which have not yet been reviewed, were presented at a press briefing on Wednesday, April 7. They contained:
- The rate of community infection was 0.20 percent in March – up from 0.49 percent in February and 1.57 percent in January.
- Although on average there was a general decline in the prevalence of COVID throughout February and March, the researchers noted that last month’s data indicated that this had leveled off.
- Using only March data, it was estimated that reproductive number (R) – the average number of people to whom an infected person is likely to have transmitted the disease – 1.
- The prevalence of COVID-19 decreased in all age groups between February and March, with the highest prevalence now from 5 to 12 years, and the lowest in those over 65 years of age.
- In February and March, the number of foreign trips was “very, very low” on average compared to previous months.
- Comparing infections and deaths and hospital admissions, the researchers noted “fewer deaths per infection” than would be expected based on the last previous months of the study.
“The good news is that the prevalence has dropped by approximately 60 per cent from the previous round in February to current results which are now in March,” said Steven Riley, a professor of infectious disease dynamics at Imperial College London.
“The latest data do not show a continuation of the apparent decline, we have a leveling of prevalence, and this is reflected in the R estimate of 1. And we see some difference between our observed patterns of infection and death patterns from January, which we think probably suggests that mass vaccination that connection between infection and death. “
Commenting on data on infections, deaths and hospital admissions, he said: “We are seeing fewer deaths per infection than we would expect based on the last previous months of the study. To a lesser extent, we also see fewer hospitalizations per infection.
“We think this is a signal that the vaccination program is breaking the link, the previously strong link, between the pattern of infections and the pattern of death and hospitalizations.”
Riley warned that researchers would expect higher levels of infection if the vaccine slowdown slowed.
Read the latest coronavirus news:
“I think we’re starting to see the effect of the vaccine in our data, certainly in difficult outcomes,” said Professor Paul Elliott, director of the Imperial program at the School of Public Health.
He added that more work is needed to examine the impact of the vaccine on prevalence and transmission.
Elliott admitted that the “big drop” in the infection rate “leveled off” in March, but said it was “good news” that it had not increased with recent easing of restrictions, such as more permissible social interference and the return of students to schools.
He said that a “close briefing” was needed because the lock was further eased, and a “careful balancing procedure” was needed.


The endocrine system of a cat consists of seven glands around the body, which produce cat hormones. These are chemicals messengers released into the blood which act elsewhere in the body.
- A cat’s health depends on the correct functioning of its endocrine system throughout its life.
- This controls the body’s hormone levels, which includes adrenalin for fight or flight.
- The endocrine glands are in various parts of the body; they send out chemical messages to specific organs, controlling behaviour and metabolism.
- He cat’s pituitary gland, which is located beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the skull, effectively controls the entire endocrine system, although the trigger for the pituitary to liberate hormones comes from the hypothalamus itself.
How The Endocrine System Of A Cat Works
When the level of hormones in the blood falls, so the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland by means of releasing hormones. These may result either in the direct release of a hormone such as growth hormone or an intermediary hormone, such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) for example, which then acts on the cat’s thyroid glands, stimulating the output of hormones from this part of the body. Once the level in the circulation is restored, the hypothalamus’s output of releasing hormones then declines.
Cat Endocrine Problems
Health problems affecting the cat’s endocrine system are most likely to be seen in the case of either the pancreas or the thyroid glands. One of the functions of the pancreas is insulin production, which if impaired, can result in the illness diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes). The thyroid glands regulate the body’s metabolic rate and, when imbalanced, can either be underactive or overactive, which leads to weight gain and loss respectively.
- Endocrine glands may be described as ductless glands, because they release hormones directly into the blood stream.
- The endocrine system includes the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, as well as the pancreas and ovaries or testes.
- The output of hormones varies throughout life. Growth hormone, released from the pituitary gland, is essential for kittens, but not for mature cats.
What can be done for a cat suffering from diabetes mellitus?
In a mild case of diabetes mellitus, simply placing your cat on a diet so that it loses weight may be sufficient to enable the body’s output of insulin to be sufficient again. Only in more extreme cases will insulin injections be required.
Does a cat’s hormonal output vary?
Yes, particularly in the case of adrenalin which is produced from the central part of the adrenal glands, which are near the kidneys. It is released when the cat feels threatened, speeding up the heart rate, breathing and the metabolic rate, as well as delaying the onset of muscular fatigue. Adrenalin is known as the ‘fight or flight’ hormone, assisting the cat to take either course of action when it is in danger.


1 099,00 1 09900
Sendes vanligvis innen 5-15 dager
People all over the world are confronted by issues such as poverty, a lack of access to quality education, unaffordable and or inadequate housing, and a lack of needed health and mental services on a daily basis. Due to these issues, there is a need for social workers who have access to relevant and timely scholarly materials in order to meet the needs of those facing these issues. The social, psychological, and biological factors resulting from these issues determine the level of a person's mental health at any given point in time and it is necessary for social workers to continue to evolve and develop to the new faces and challenges of the times in order to adequately understand the effects of these issues. In the first and second editions of the Social Workers' Desk Reference, the changes that were occurring in social work practice, education, and research were highlighted and focused upon. This third edition continues in the same tradition and continues to respond to the changes occurring in society and how they are impacting the education, research, and practice of social work as a whole. With 159 chapters collaboratively written by luminaries in the profession, this third edition serves as a comprehensive guide to social work practice by providing the most recent conceptual knowledge and empirical evidence to aid in the understanding of the rapidly changing field of social work. Each chapter is short and contains practical information in addition to websites and updated references. Social work practitioners, educators, students, and other allied professionals can utilize the Social Workers' Desk Reference to gain interdisciplinary and interprofessional education, practice, and research.


People in what is now Washington Condition were smoking Rhus glabra, a plant usually recognized as easy sumac, more than one,four hundred several years ago.
The discovery, designed by a team of Washington Condition University researchers, marks the very first-time researchers have determined residue from a non-tobacco plant in an archeological pipe.
Unearthed in central Washington, the Native American pipe also contained residue from N. quadrivalvis, a species of tobacco not at the moment grown in the region but that is imagined to have been extensively cultivated in the earlier. Till now, the use of precise smoking plant mixtures by ancient folks in the American Northwest experienced only been speculated about.
“Cigarette smoking typically played a religious or ceremonial part for Native American tribes and our analysis reveals these precise crops were essential to these communities in the earlier,” stated Korey Brownstein, a former WSU Ph.D. scholar now at the University of Chicago and direct creator of a analyze on the analysis in the journal Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. “We feel the Rhus glabra may well have been mixed with tobacco for its medicinal attributes and to enhance the flavor of smoke.”
The discovery was designed probable by a new metabolomics-dependent investigation system that can detect 1000’s of plant compounds or metabolites in residue gathered from pipes, bowls and other archeological artifacts. The compounds can then be utilised to discover which crops were smoked or eaten.
“Not only does it notify you, sure, you found the plant you might be intrigued in, but it also can notify you what else was becoming smoked,” stated David Gang, a professor in WSU’s Institute of Organic Chemistry and a co-creator of the analyze. “It wouldn’t be hyperbole to say that this technological innovation signifies a new frontier in archaeo-chemistry.”
Previously, the identification of ancient plant residues relied on the detection of a constrained amount of biomarkers, this kind of as nicotine, anabasine, cotinine and caffeine. Gang stated the situation with this tactic is though the existence of a biomarker like nicotine reveals tobacco was smoked it isn’t going to distinguish which species it was.
“Also, if you are only hunting for a handful of precise biomarkers, you usually are not heading to be able to notify what else was eaten in the artifact,” Gang stated.
In addition to identifying the very first non-tobacco plant smoked in an archaeological pipe, the WSU researchers’ perform also can help elucidate the sophisticated evolution of tobacco trade in the American Northwest.
Evaluation of a second pipe that was utilised by folks dwelling in Central Washington following Euro-American make contact with unveiled the existence of a unique tobacco species, N. rustica, which was grown by native peoples on the east coast of what is now the United States.
“Our conclusions show Native American communities interacted extensively with one an additional in just and in between ecological locations, including the trade of tobacco seeds and supplies,” stated Shannon Tushingham, an assistant professor of anthropology at WSU and co-creator of the analyze. “The analysis also casts question on the usually held view that trade tobacco grown by Europeans overtook the use of natively-grown smoke crops following Euro-American make contact with.”
Shifting ahead, the WSU researchers’ perform could in the end help researchers studying ancient societies in the Americas and somewhere else close to the globe discover which plant species ancient folks were consuming, providing essential facts about the evolution of drug use and very similar plant-human dynamics.
Nearer to dwelling, the WSU team is also placing their perform to use serving to validate connections in between ancient plant management tactics from in advance of the arrival of Western settlers with cultural traditions of modern-day indigenous communities this kind of as the Nez Perce.. The researchers shared their perform with associates of the tribe who also utilised some of the seeds from the analyze to expand some of the pre-make contact with tobacco. The smoking of tobacco is a sacred tradition for Native American teams including the Nez Perce, Colville and other northwest Tribes and in advance of now it was difficult to notify which type of tobacco their ancestors smoked.
“We took in excess of an entire greenhouse to expand these crops and gathered tens of millions of seeds so that the Nez Perce folks could reintroduce these native crops back onto their land,” Brownstein stated. “I feel these sorts of initiatives are so essential for the reason that they help construct trust in between us and tribal communities and show that we can perform alongside one another to make discoveries.”
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not liable for the accuracy of information releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any facts via the EurekAlert system.


Definition and Models of Disability
A group of disabled Americans lobbies at the Capitol in 1972 for many of the rights and public accommodations that are now standard. The disability rights movement, born in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, has been slower to take hold in the rest of the world. (Bettman/Corbis/AP Images)
Award-winning 18-minute documentary video, which captures the drama and emotions of the historic civil rights demonstration of people with disabilities in 1977, resulting in the signing of the 504 Regulations, the first Federal Civil Rights Law protecting people with disabilities. Includes contemporary news footage and news interviews with participants and demonstation leaders. Available in open caption, audio descriptive and standard formats.
Dateline meets children with severe Tourette's and follows their journey to a summer camp where they find they're not alone.
This video segment profiles Ed Roberts, the man who is called the father of the independent living (IL) movement.
Four decades ago, Judith Heumann helped to lead a groundbreaking protest called the Section 504 sit-in -- in which disabled-rights activists occupied a federal building for almost a month, demanding greater accessibility for all. In this personal, inspiring talk, Heumann tells the stories behind the protest -- and reminds us that, 40 years on, there's still work left to do.
Born with a genetic visual impairment that has no correction or cure, Susan Robinson is legally blind (or partially sighted, as she prefers it) and entitled to a label she hates: "disabled." In this funny and personal talk, she digs at our hidden biases by explaining five ways she flips expectations of disability upside down.


How do we make the Present Continuous Tense?
The structure of the Present Continuous tense is:
|subject||+||auxiliary be||+||main verb|
|conjugated in Present Simple|
|am, are, is||present participle|
The auxiliary verb (be) is conjugated in the Present Simple: am, are, is
The main verb is invariable in present participle form: -ing
For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.
Look at these example sentences with the Present Continuous tense:
|subject||auxiliary verb||main verb|


To learn more about research projects like this that are enabled by AWS, see the AWS Machine Learning Research Awards website – https://amzn.to/2RR78PM
Detecting and starting treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at an age of 18 to 24 months can increase a child’s IQ by up to 17 points—in some cases moving them into the “average” child IQ range of 90-110 (or above it)—and improving the child’s quality of life significantly. Researchers at Duke University are using Machine Learning on AWS to create a faster, less expensive, more reliable, and more accessible system to screen children early for ASD.
Publisher: Amazon Web Services
You can watch this video also at the source.